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Continuity and community were the themes ofYIVO’s 74th Annual Benefit Dinner on April 27.

“After a long heroic journey, YIVO now is in itspermanent home, the Center for Jewish History,”YIVO Chairman of the Board Bruce Slovin said,greeting the 500 guests in the ballroom of NewYork’s Pierre Hotel. “Tonight we celebrate YIVO’srole as the primary bridge between the life of ourJewish Eastern European ancestors and thegrowing interest in that culture among our youth.”

YIVO’s commitment to Yiddish and Yiddishculture shone brightly throughout the evening. Inspecial greetings—in Yiddish—devoted YIVOboard member Motl Zelmanowicz stressed theimportance of Yiddish and of YIVO as therepository of Jewish life and struggle. YIVOLeadership Forum Chair Rita K. Levy and fellowcommittee member Cathy Zises

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Weiner and Rosovsky Honored

Benefit Dinner Raises $1.5 Million

Harvey Krueger, honoree Walter Weiner and Bruce Slovin.“This is my way of giving back,” said Mr. Weiner.

CONTENTS:

Chairman’s Message . . . .2 New Board Members . . .3Hirsz Abramowicz Book .450th Anniversary Edition

of College Yiddish . . . . .5New Bund CD . . . . . . . . . . .6Zelmanowicz on Yiddish . .6YIVO Posters in Warsaw .7Max Weinreich Center . .8Fall Lecture Series . . . . .11

Astrinsky Appointed New Head Librarian . .13

Summer Programs . . . . .16Women’s Committee . . .17Archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Development . . . . . . . . . .19Mission to Lithuania . . .20New Accessions . . . . . .24YIVO Donors . . . . . . . . . .28Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

[continued on page 3]

YIVO has reopened to researchers on an APPOINTMENT

ONLY basis. The entrance is at the Center for Jewish History,

15 West 16th Street. See story on 2.

For an appointment, researchers should call (212) 246-6080.

Dina Abramowiczhelps launchfather’s book.Page 4 Bruce Slovin, Dr. Walter Reich and honoree Dr. Henry Rosovsky.

“There is a little ‘Bobruisk’ in each of us,” said Dr. Rosovsky.

Dr. Carl Rheins Joins YIVOas Executive Director

Following a six-month longnational search, Dr. Carl

Rheins, currently SpecialAssistant to the President forCommunity Relations at AdelphiUniversity, becomes ExecutiveDirector of YIVO beginning inSeptember. Dr. Rheins, a specialistin modern European history,

received his B.S. with Distinction in History fromthe University of Wisconsin, and his Ph.D. inModern European History from the StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook (SUNY). Along-term educator and university executive, Dr.Rheins has served in many capacities at AdelphiUniversity, including those of Vice President andDean of Student Life and Development, and VicePresident for External Affairs and CommunityRelations, prior to his current assignment.

As an educator and historian, Dr. Rheins hastaught courses in Modern Jewish History at SUNYat Stony Brook and Adelphi University; hisresearch and publications have focused on Jewishreactions to anti-Semitism, the Holocaust and thehistory of the Jewish community in Germany. Hehas variously served as a judge of the NationalJewish Book Awards (Holocaust category), as aSite Evaluation Team member for the AmericanAcademy for Liberal Education and on the Boardof Directors of the Coalition on Higher Educationof the Jewish Community

Dr. Carl Rheins


YIVO is taking giant steps forward intothe new millenium. First I want towelcome Dr. Carl J. Rheins as YIVO’s newExecutive Director. His broad expertise inhigher education and administration atAdelphi University, as well as his Ph.D. in

modern Europeanhistory from SUNY atStony Brook, make hima particularly good fitwith YIVO.

Our Annual benefitDinner this past Aprilraised $1.5 million aswe honored our newBoard member WalterWeiner and the eminentscholar, Dr. HenryRosovsky with LifetimeAchievement Awards. Itwas a great evening—warm, friendly andfocused on the future.

The YIVO library and archives have now re-opened toresearchers, by appointment only. We look forward tohaving our Center partners here later this year, and to thegala Center opening scheduled for spring, 2000.

The first YIVO Mission trip, “From Shtetl to State,” took agroup of 24 persons, including a college student and a 13-year-old boy, to Lithuania, Moscow and Israel. Themission’s success is revealed in the travelogues beginningon page 22.

I bid a fond farewell to outgoing Head Librarian ZacharyBaker, who has anchored the YIVO library for many yearswith devotion. We will miss him and wish him well in hisnew position at Stanford University. I also want to welcomeour new Head Librarian, Aviva Astrinsky, who comes to usfrom the University of Pennsylvania. She brings her ownwealth of experience and enthusiasm to YIVO.

In the year 2000, YIVO will expand its outreach toyounger generations, while continuing the original focus ofMax Weinreich and the YIVO founders on Yiddish,scholarship and education. Simon Dubnow’s words in 1891still resound today: “I appeal to all educated readers…tothe old and the young…come join the camp of the buildersof history!”

2 YIVO News

YIVO NewsFounded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland as the Yiddish Scientific Institute andheadquartered in New York since 1940,YIVO is devoted to the history, societyand culture of Ashkenazic Jewry and to the influence of that culture as itdeveloped in the Americas. Today,YIVO stands as the preeminent centerfor East European Jewish studies;Yiddish language, literature andfolklore; and the study of AmericanJewish immigration.

Chairman of the BoardBruce Slovin

Executive DirectorCarl J. Rheins

Director of Development and External Affairs

Ella Levine

Director of Research Lisa Epstein

Director of Financeand Administration

Assaf Astrinsky

Chief ArchivistMarek Web

Head LibrarianAviva Astrinsky

Head of PreservationStanley Bergman

Production StaffEditor

Elise Fischer

Yiddish EditorHershl Glasser

Production EditorsJerry Cheslow, Kim Hirsh

ContributorsDina Abramowicz, Zachary Baker, NikolaiBorodulin, Chava Boylan, Krysia Fisher,Shaindel Fogelman, Leo Greenbaum, ChanaMlotek, Fruma Mohrer, David Rogow, JennyRomaine, Jeffrey Salant, Elisheva Schwartz,Yermiyahu Ahron Taub, Bella HassWeinberg, Bina Weinreich

15 West 16th StreetNew York, NY 10011Phone: (212) 246-6080

Fax: (212) 292-1892www.baruch.cuny.edu/yivo/

Message from the Chairman of the Board

YIVO Looks to the Future

Development and External Affairs

Reclaiming Rootsby Ella Levine, Development Director

“We rise by raising others, and he who bends over to aid the fallen,stands erect.”

—Rabbi Jacob Weinstein

YIVO’s roots are in Vilna, but very fewsigns of what our organization once stoodfor remain there. In May, a group of 24people—diverse in both age and familyhistory—returned to what is nowLithuania. Some were retracing theirearliest memories; others went to find theplaces they knew from stories passeddown from generation to generation. Thegroup members shared a desire to under-stand their heritage and to reclaim itexactly where it almost cost them or theirrelatives their lives 50 years ago.

While reclaiming one’s family historymade for an emotional journey, perhapswhat made it all the more important wasthe condition of Jewish life in Lithuania—once the cradle of Eastern EuropeanJewish scholarship, culture and history.There are very few remnants of that past.YIVO is one of the last testimonies to therich history that was once housed there.

By supporting YIVO you are ensuringthat our community shall not disappear.While the buildings may not survive, andthe rich Jewish life has vanished frommany cities, we are here to preserve andteach a history unlike any other.

At the Benefit Dinner, I was struck bythe number of young people who were inattendance, speaking Yiddish with pride.

We invite you to join us and becomethe link between the rich Jewish past andthe Jewish future—Me’Dor Le’Dor. Be partof a community committed to preservingand teaching East European history and culture, where services and richhistorical resources are brought to aworld-wide academic community,students and the public, and wheregenealogical services, exhibits and varied cultural programs open endlessopportunities and challenges into theJewish future.

welcomed everyone in Yiddish and English, and awarm feeling of mishpokhe prevailed. Theevening’s heymish atmosphere was enhanced byseveral tables of young professionals.

YIVO honored Walter Weiner and Dr. HenryRosovsky with Lifetime Achievement awards. Mr.Weiner, widely recognized for his humanitarian,civic and philanthropic activities, is the formerChairman and Chief Executive Officer of RepublicNew York Corporation and its principalsubsidiary, Republic National Bank of New York.Dr. Rosovsky is an eminent scholar, educator andauthor, and the Lewis P. and Linda L. GeyserProfessor, Emeritus at Harvard University.

Harvey Krueger, vice chairman of LehmanBrothers and a close friend of Mr. Weiner’s whoshares his avid interest in genealogy, presentedMr. Weiner with his award: a 1920s Yiddish posterfrom the Association of Jewish People’s Banks inLithuania. “It’s extremely fitting and proper forWalter,” Mr. Krueger remarked.

Mr. Weiner said that his father left the shtetlBerezeno near Grodno, for America when he wasa small boy. In reconnecting to his family’s roots,Mr. Weiner said he has tried to honor them,joining the YIVO board and serving as a trustee ofthe Museum of Jewish Heritage and theInternational Sephardic Education Foundation.“This is my way of giving something back,” hesaid, “and of helping to preserve Jewish culture.”

Dr. Henry Rosovsky, born in Gdansk and aspiritual descendant of Bobruisk in Belarus,

received his award from a friend and colleague,Dr. Walter Reich, the distinguished psychiatristand Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Professor ofInternational Affairs, Ethics and Human Behaviorat George Washington University. “My friendHenry is a doer—a man with a lifelongcommitment to higher education,” Dr. Reich said.“His devotion to the Jewish people, and to ourfuture, is evident in all his activities, especially inhis support of the Hillel Center at Harvard.”

In his acceptance speech, Dr. Rosovsky spoke ofhis roots in Bobruisk, of honoring ancestors andthe importance of the continuity of memory.“Perhaps Bobruisk was not as rosy as my fatherrecalled it,” Dr. Rosovsky noted. “But Bobruiskrepresented home, family and Jewish culture forus. There is a little ‘Bobruisk’ in each of us.”

Mr. Slovin thanked everyone for their supportof YIVO and its lead role in the Center for JewishHistory. “With your continuing involvement, wewill succeed,” he said. “The next generation iscounting on us. “

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Benefit Dinner [continued from page 1] Leadership ForumChair Rita K. Levy(L) and CommitteeMember CathyZises. “A warmfeeling ofMishpokhe.”

YIVO is proud to announcethe two newest members of

its Board of Directors: MartinPeretz, editor-in-chief of The New Republic and lecturer onsocial studies at HarvardUniversity; and Walter H.Weiner, the newly retiredChairman and Chief Executive

Officer of Republic New York Corporation and itsprinciple subsidiary, Republic Bank of New York.They were elected at the board meeting onFebruary 1, 1999.

Dr. Peretz—a journalist, academic, entrepreneurand philanthropist—is an invaluable addition to YIVO. As the top editor at The New Republicsince 1974, he has received awards for excellencefrom Columbia University and the University ofMissouri Schools of Journalism. Dr. Peretz is alsoactive in investments on the World Wide Web.

He is co-founder and co-chair of the board ofTheStreet.com, a subscription financial daily, and

founder of The Electric Newsstand, the largestperiodical site on the Web, among many otherbusiness ventures. He is the honorary chairman ofthe Jerusalem Foundation and a long-term friendof YIVO and the Center for Jewish History.

Mr. Weiner, honored at the 1999 YIVO BenefitDinner with a Lifetime Achievement Award (seepage 1), brings with him broad professionalexpertise, an enthusiasm for Jewish genealogy,and a record of distinguished philanthropiccommunity and professional activities. Althoughnewly retired, he remains a consultant to anddirector of the Republic New York Corporationand Republic Bank of New York. Mr. Weiner is atrustee of the Museum of Jewish Heritage, theNew York Community Trust and the InternationalSephardic Education Foundation.

Dr. Peretz and Mr. Weiner share a strongcommitment to YIVO’s mission. Their electiondemonstrates YIVO’s dedication to building aninstitution that will continue to be the pride of theJewish community in New York and worldwide.

Dr. Martin Peretz

Peretz and Weiner Join YIVO Board

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On June 13 at the Park EastSynagogue, a large group

of YIVO friends and membersof the Abramowicz familyjoined in celebrating thepublication of Profiles of a LostWorld, by Hirsz Abramowicz.The book party, hosted byYIVO, featured ProfessorSamuel Kassow of Trinity

College in Hartford, who described the rich worldof Jewish Lithuania and the importance of thebook in its historical context. He recalled that thismemoir was published in Buenos Aires in theoriginal Yiddish in 1958, but it has never beenavailable to the English-speaking public.

Dina Abramowicz, daughter of the author andlongtime YIVO librarian, lovingly saw the bookthrough translation, editing and publication.

“The appearance of the book is a dream cometrue,” she said, “It fills me with joy that somethingso precious, which seemed to be hopelesslyforgotten, has suddenly come back to life.”

She thanked the many persons who helpedbring the project to fruition, including Dr. LisaEpstein, Eva Dobkin, Dr. Gertrude Berger ofBrooklyn College, Dr. David Fishman, the lateProfessor Raphael Patai of Wayne State University,the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Dr. JeffreyShandler and Dr. Paul Glasser, among others.

“Remembering those who are no longer of thisworld is a mitzvah,” Ms. Abramowicz said. “I

cannot help thinking that Father enjoys the revivalof his book (and) the possibility to speak to newgenerations.”

Violinist Matya Gotman, a 17-year-old great-grandson of Hirsz Abramowicz, closed the recep-tion with Joseph Achron’s “Hebrew Melody,” apiece suggested by YIVO’s music archivist ChanaMlotek.

YIVO Party for Hirsz Abramowicz Book

Shabad Biography Shows Devotion to Jewish Masses

VIA Press in Baltimore haspublished the long-awaited

book, Doctor Tsemakh Shabad: AGreat Citizen of the JewishDiaspora, by Dr. Yulian Rafes, aformer YIVO research fellow.Edited by Dr. Lisa Epstein andDr. Stephen Sedlis, this newbook is a glowing tribute to Dr.Shabad, considered one of thegreat figures in Jewish medicineand Jewish society beforeWorld War II. The biographystresses Dr. Shabad’s public health achievements,his involvement with Yiddish culture, and hisdevotion to the Jewish masses in Vilna.

Dr. Rafes has performed an invaluable servicewith this English language biography of Dr.Shabad, who was a YIVO founder and the firstchairman of the YIVO Board.

Dina Abramowicz

Dr. Shabad: “Howlucky we are to havea Jewish researchinstitute” (1934).

YIVO and Wayne State University Press have co-sponsored the publication of an English edition ofProfiles of a Lost World, a book by Hirsz Abramowiczthat focuses on the lives of Lithuanian Jews(Litvaks). The original Yiddish version appeared aspart of a series called “Polish Jewry” published bythe Association of Polish Jews in Argentina. Theauthor, born on the estate of a Jewish farmer in1881, was a native of this area.

Mr. Abramowicz’s book, published in Yiddish in1958, features his carefully observed descriptions ofthe way of life and historical vicissitudes of thisgroup in the early decades of the twentieth century,when the Russian empire began to disintegrateunder the twin pressures of the revolutionarymovements and World War I.

The book also includes his personal reminis-cences of his education and how it introduced himto the new class of the Russian-Jewish intelligentsia.The author vividly portrays his student years andhis teaching career in Tsarist Russia. The last part

of the book, written from a post-Holocaustperspective, features portraits of representativepersonalities of the intellectual elite of Vilna—the city then known as the “Jerusalem ofLithuania.”

Eva Zeitlin Dobkin translated the book intoEnglish. The book includes a new introduction byDr. David Fishman and a biographical sketch bylongtime YIVO Librarian Dina Abramowicz, theauthor’s daughter. It is edited by Dr. JeffreyShandler and Dina Abramowicz, who suppliedcrucial references and a bibliography and saw thebook through translation, editing and publication.

Hirsz Abramowicz’s book makes a significantcontribution to Eastern European Jewish studies,written by an author who was a participant in theevents described as well as a scholar of history. Thisbook “is at one and the same time, a memoir, anethnography, and a cultural history of Jewish Vilna... by a sensitive and thoughtful witness,” accordingto Steven J. Zipperstein of Stanford University.

Profiles Co-Sponsored by YIVO and Wayne State

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The new 50th anniversaryedition of Uriel Weinreich’s

College Yiddish, is being readied for publication. This sixth revisededition includes a new intro-duction by Dr. Jeffrey Shandler of New York University, updatedstatistical tables prepared byYIVO Senior Research AssociateBina Weinreich, additional photographs from theYIVO archives, and a new cover designed byAdrienne Weiss.

Dr. Shandler notes in his introduction, “I firstopened my copy of College Yiddish in June 1982,when I began Elementary Yiddish at the YIVO/Columbia University Summer Program in YiddishLanguage, Literature and Culture, ... named inmemory of the book’s author, Uriel Weinreich.This was my first formal education in Yiddish,which had been spoken around me...by mygrandparents and parents. Like many othersecond-, third-, and fourth-generation AmericanJews, I turned to this textbook to learn a languagethat had been the mother tongue of my immigrantforbears but was being taught in my firstlanguage, English...”

Dr. Shandler points out that since its firstappearance in 1949, College Yiddish has been insteady use in a Jewish world radically differentfrom that of the first half of the century. “Theendurance of this textbook is, in part, a measure ofthe YIVO Institute’s ongoing commitment toYiddish-language education [and] because of itssingular pedagogical value as an introduction toYiddish language, literature and culture,” Dr.Shandler continues. This text has been usedwidely in American universities and colleges,Hillel chapters, adult education groups, highschools and congregations in the United State, andworldwide. A Hebrew-language edition Yidish la-universitah (published by YIVO with the HebrewUniversity’s Magnes Press in 1977) is a mainstayof Yiddish studies in Israel.

“Significantly,” writes Dr. Shandler, “Weinreichdedicated the volume to an intergenerationalrelationship strengthened through knowledge ofthe language — ‘a matone di ale, vos bay zeyerekinder in moyl vet yidish lebn’ (a present to all thosein whose children’s mouths Yiddish will live). Thisbook is indeed both a symbolic offering to nativespeakers of the language and also a very tangiblegift to those of us who have the invaluableopportunity to learn Yiddish from UrielWeinreich.”

The 50th anniversary edition will be availablefor the Fall 1999 semester.

Uriel Weinreich

Relations Council of New York, among many othercommunity and professional activities.

“I am eager to take up the YIVO challenge,” Dr.Rheins observed. “YIVO is rooted in an importantera of our history, established with a truecommitment to rigorous scholarship. I share thatcommitment as well as YIVO’s mission ofpreserving and fostering the study of EasternEuropean Jewish life and civilization.” Dr. Rheinsadded, “YIVO is a tremendous repository of ourlife and culture—I look forward to working closelywith the other founding members of the Center forJewish History and with other distinguishedacademic institutions in the United States andabroad in advancing YIVO’s central mission.”

Commenting on Dr. Rheins’ appointment, BruceSlovin, Chairman of YIVO’s Board of Directorssaid, “We are truly fortunate to have Dr. Rheins atYIVO. He is a man of many skills—a proveneducator, historian, administrator and leader. Hisexpertise strengthens YIVO as we build and growinto the future.”

30th Yahrzeit: Dr. Max Weinreich

Thirty years have passedsince the death of Dr. MaxWeinreich, one of the greatfigures in the world of Yiddish.Dr. Weinreich was a founderand long-time research directorof YIVO, a renowned linguist,and the author of books andarticles too numerous tomention here on language, history, ethnography,psychology, pedagogy, philosophy andliterature.

Among his works were the monumentalHistory of the Yiddish Language, as well as Hitler’sProfessors, Der YIVO in yidishn lebn, Bilder fun deryidisher literatur-geshikhte, Di shvartse pintelekh.He also translated Sigmund Freud’s works intoYiddish. Dr. Weinreich’s interests wereincomparably broad, but he saw all aspects ofJewish studies in terms of a whole, alwaysseeking the influence of one aspect on others—how history affects culture, how culture affectslanguage, and how language, in turn, thenaffects culture.

Sixth Revised Edition

50th Anniversary Edition of College Yiddish

Dr. Rheins [continued from page 1]

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Workers’ songs about exploitation, struggle,protest and hope are all featured on a new

YIVO CD/cassette celebrating the musical legacyof the Jewish Labor Bund. The recording—inspired by a Jan. 25, 1998 concert at the Great Hallof New York’s Cooper Union honoring the 100thanniversary of the Bund—features The NewYiddish Chorale, the Workmen’s Circle Chorus,soloists Adrienne Cooper and Dan Rous, andconductor and accompanist Zalmen Mlotek. Itincludes “Di shvue,” “Vilne,” “Arbeter-froyen,”“Mayn rueplats,” “Ballad of the Triangle Fire,” andother songs of labor and freedom by Yiddishauthors and composers.

YIVO kicked off the release with a May 2concert and reception at which Research DirectorLisa Epstein discussed the history and forcedtravels of the Bund Archive, now housed at YIVO.The prime mover behind the production, MotlZelmanowicz, spoke of the Bund’s ideals and itsfar-reaching influence in Eastern Europe. ProducerDonna Gallers dedicated the recording to hergrandparents, Brucha and Dr. Emanuel Patt,activists in the Youth Movement of the Bund inPoland. For Mr. Mlotek, the songs hold a specialmeaning. He recalled that The Workman’s CircleChorus of the 1950s was among his earlyinspirations, and at Camp Hemshekh, the Bund-run Catskills summer camp where he worked as amusic counselor in the late 1960s, the songs’ “firespoke to young people.”

The May kick-off concert featured songspopular on both sides of the Atlantic in the late1800s and early 1900s, as well as the poems ofDavid Edelshtat, I. L. Peretz and Abraham Reisen.Miriam Goldberg sang a lament of the exploitedseamstress; Adrienne Cooper gave stirringperformances of the “Ballad of the Triangle Fire,”“Bread and Roses,” a paean to the Bund’s homecity of Vilna, and others; and Dan Rous sang apoignant rendition of “Rampage, Rampage,Raging Winds!” Finally, eight-year old ElishaMlotek sang the solo part in the “Youth Anthem”from the Vilna Ghetto: “Anyone who wants to canbe young...”

“In Love and Struggle” CD ($18), cassette ($12)

Sold with an illustrated bookletof song notes and lyrics inYiddish and English. The recording, under thedirection of Zalmen Mlotek,features The New YiddishChorale and The Workmen’sCircle Chorus and soloistsAdrienne Cooper and Dan Rous.

To order, contact YIVO at (212) 246-6080.

“In Love and Struggle” CD HighlightsMusical Legacy of Jewish Labor Bund

Ispeak to you on behalf of YIVO. Last year wecelebrated the 100th anniversary of the Jewish

Labor Bund. The history of this century of heroicstruggle for the social and national liberation ofJewish working people, the suffering, blood andtears, is preserved in the Bund Archive, which ispart of the YIVO collections. YIVO has written aglorious chapter in Jewish history by preservingand protecting the voices and documents of ourpast.

But it is equally important to fulfill our missionto preserve and cultivate the Yiddish language,our mame-loshn, among younger Jews, whichYIVO is doing through adult classes and theUriel Weinreich Summer Program. As part of herapplication to the Summer Program, DonnaGallers, a young Jewish woman, wrote (inYiddish):

“To quote the poet Zishe Weinper, ‘Yiddish ismy language.’ Its words, sounds, expressions andmusic are found deep in my heart and soul. I wasborn into a family of activists, idealists andwriters devoted to…yidishkayt. I attended Work-men’s Circle School 3-14 and the ‘Hemshekh’summer camp…I want to learn to speak andthink in Yiddish…The continuity of yidishkayt…is both a challenge and a privilege for me.”

Young people like her can reconnect with theYiddish language and culture thanks to YIVO…Yiddish is more than a language. It is the souland the repository of our experience as apeople—our joys, sorrows, fears and hopes.

Yiddish must live. As a long-term member ofthe YIVO Board member, I say again: “Long liveYIVO, Yiddish and the Jewish people.”

Thank you.

“Yiddish is My Language”Translation of a portion of the remarks by Motl Zelmanowicz at the YIVO Benefit Dinner 1999

Motl Zelmanowicz

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YIVO Poster Exhibit Charms Warsaw

Amajor exhibition of YIVO posters titled “ThePower of Persuasion: Jewish Posters from

Poland, 1900-1939,” was on display this winter inWarsaw at the Jewish Historical Institute-ZIH. Themayor of Warsaw, the Polish minister of culture,and the American ambassador to Poland wereamong the 200 guests at the exhibit’s Jan. 25opening reception. Several Polish television andradio programs featured the exhibit, and all of themajor magazines and newspapers reviewed it.

The exhibition explores the life of Jews in inter-war Poland, with virtually every political ideologyand movement represented. Some postersannounce theater performances, sports events, andliterary readings. Others urge Jews to improvetheir lives through financial independence,awareness of health and hygiene issues, andpolitical change through collective action.

Curated by YIVO Archivist Krysia Fisher, theexhibition was funded by the A. JurzykowskiFoundation and the Trust for MutualUnderstanding in New York, in combination withDr. George Szabad, the Batory Foundation and theJewish Historical Institute-ZIH in Warsaw.

The exhibition is traveling next to the JudaicaFoundation in Cracow. An exhibition catalog inPolish and English is available through YIVO.

The 100th anniversary of Ida Kaminska’s birthwill be marked in November by a YIVOexhibition, made possible through the generoussupport of Ewa and Josef Blass and VictorMarkowicz.

The commemorative exhibition will explore thelife of Kaminska (1899-1980) and her Yiddishtheater family. Her parents, Avrom Yitskhok andEsther Rokhl Kaminski, established a touringYiddish theater around 1900. Ida Kaminska’smother was a pioneer in Yiddish art theater andacted in the first Jewish films made in Warsaw.

In 1916, she was a member of the Vilna Troupe.Influenced by Stanislawski’s Moscow Art Theatre,it became famous for its avant-garde productionsof Yiddish and European theater classics. In 1923-24, Ida Kaminska and her husband, ZygmuntTurkow, established their Warsaw Yiddish ArtTheater (WIKT) ensemble, producing Europeanclassics in Yiddish translations as well as playswritten in Yiddish. After the war, Ms. Kaminskaand her second husband, Meir Melman, foundedthe Jewish State Theater in Warsaw. IdaKaminska’s fame was enhanced by her film roles,the most famous being her starring role in theOscar-winning “The Shop on Main Street.” Ms.Kaminska and Mr. Melman left Poland in 1968 tosettle in the United States.

A catalogue will accompany the exhibition.

YIVO ArchivistKrysia Fisherspeaking at theopening of theexhibition

Commemorative Exhibition Planned for November ‘99100th Anniversary of Ida Kaminska’s Birth

A poster (in the above exhibit) advertises Kaminska’s theater.

Ida Kaminska(1899-1980)

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YIVO has announced theawarding of the following

fellowships in 1999:

• The Professor BernardChoseed MemorialFellowship has been awardedto Dr. Joel Berkowitz, TheCorob Fellow in Yiddish andDirector of Studies at theCentre for Hebrew and JewishStudies at Oxford University.He also serves as SeniorResearch Fellow at St. CrossCollege, Oxford, and asLecturer in the Faculties ofOriental Studies and Medievaland Modern Languages,Oxford University. Aftercompleting his doctoral degree at City University ofNew York in 1995, with adissertation on “Shakespeareon the American YiddishStage,” he spent a year in the Yiddish Department of the Hebrew University ofJerusalem as a FulbrightPostdoctoral Research Fellow.He is currently researching thecreative legacy of AbrahamGoldfaden and the role ofGoldfaden’s work in the life ofmodern Yiddish theater anddramatic arts in post-WorldWar I Poland.

• Anna Shternshis is therecipient of the Maria SalitGitelson Tell Fellowship for1999. Ms. Shternshis is a

graduate of Project Judaica,the undergraduate program inJewish Studies and ArchivalStudies jointly sponsored byYIVO and the JewishTheological Seminary ofAmerica at the Russian StateUniversity for the Humanitiesin Moscow. Now a doctoralcandidate at OxfordUniversity, where she has alsoreceived certification as aYiddish teacher, she isworking on a thesis on Jewishpopular culture in the SovietUnion, 1917-1941. Ms.Shternshis was also chosen toparticipate in this summer’sInternational ResearchSeminar in Yiddish Culture inIsrael.

• Dr. Anna Frajlich-Zajac waschosen as the first recipient ofthe newly establishedAleksander and Alicja HertzMemorial Fellowship. Dr.Frajlich, a native of Poland,has been a professor of SlavicLanguages and Literature atColumbia University since1982. She is a well-publishedpoet and an active member ofthe Executive Board of theInternational Pen Club, Centerfor Writers in Exile. She hasbeen the recipient of nume-rous grants in support ofcourses and conferencesrelating to Polish culture thatshe has organized. Her current

project is an analysis of theworks of the Polish-Jewishwriter Henryk Grynberg.

• The first Abraham andRachela Melezin Fellowshipwas granted to Cecile Kuznitz,a doctoral candidate inModern Jewish History atStanford University. As herdissertation, Ms. Kuznitz iswriting a history of the YIVOInstitute for Jewish Research,1925-1950. She has receivednumerous fellowships,including YIVO’s RacolinFellowship (1997). She wasalso chosen to participate inthis summer’s InternationalResearch Seminar in YiddishCulture in Israel.

• The Vivian Lefsky HortMemorial Fellowship hasbeen granted to Justin JaronLewis, a doctoral student atthe University of Toronto. Mr.Lewis, who has receivednumerous academic fellow-ships and grants, is workingon Hasidic narratives, anunder-analyzed branch ofYiddish literature. For hisresearch, he will make use ofYIVO’s rich archival collectionof Yiddish folktales, whichincludes Hasidic stories.

• The 1999 Rose and IsidoreDrench Memorial Fellowshiphas been awarded to AdamHoward, a doctoral student atthe University of Florida inGainesville. His dissertationaddresses American labor andZionism during the threeyears prior to the declarationof the State of Israel. Mr.Howard brings to his researcha strong background inpolitical science andinternational relations.

• The 1999 recipient of theNatalie and Mendel RacolinMemorial Fellowship, JocelynCohen, is a doctoral student in

The Max Weinreich Center For Advanced Jewish Studies

The Max Weinreich Center is dedicated to education and to theadvancement of research concerning Jewish life and culture. Itwas established in 1968 as a result of many years of scholarlyactivity on the part of its parent organization, YIVO. Its purpose isto make YIVO’s unique resources and its specialized knowledgeavailable to universities and other institutions of higher learning,to encourage study and promote research concerning the life andculture of Eastern European Jewry and related topics, and tomarshall the intellectual resources in this field of scholarship andassist young scholars in training for work in this field.

Fellowships Awarded to DistinguishedScholars and Students


Dr. Jerzy Tomaszewski ofWarsaw University has beenawarded the Jan Karski–PolaNirenska Prize for 1998. Theannual prize, endowed byProfessor Jan Karski at YIVO in1992, is awarded to authors ofpublished works documentingor interpreting the contri-butions to Polish culture andscience by Poles of Jewish originand Polish Jews. It bears astipend of $5,000.

Dr. Tomaszewski is adistinguished senior scholar inthe fields of the history of Jewsin Poland, the economic historyof Poland, and national mino-rities in East Central Europe inthe twentieth century. He has

been a professor in the Instituteof Political Studies at WarsawUniversity since 1970 and thehead of the M. AnielewiczInstitute of the WarsawUniversity since 1990. He is alsoa longtime member of the boardof the Jewish Historical Institute(ZIH) in Warsaw and of theeditorial board of the journalPolin.

Among his more recentpublications are: the four-volume The Polish EconomyBetween the Two World Wars1918-1939 (Warsaw, 1967-1989);The Republic of Many Nations(Warsaw, 1985), and AContemporary History of Jews inPoland before 1950 (Warsaw,

1993), all written in Polish.Professor Karski was the

envoy of the Polish govern-ment-in-exile during World WarII who brought to the Westfirsthand testimony aboutconditions in the WarsawGhetto and in Germanconcentration camps. The prizeis also named in memory ofProfessor Karski’s late wife,choreographer Pola Nirenska.

The award was presented toDr. Tomaszewski by two KarskiPrize committee members,Marek Web, head archivist atYIVO, and Dr. Feliks Tych, headof the Jewish Historical Institutein Warsaw, at a reception in hishonor at ZIH in late June.

U.S. History at the Universityof Minnesota. The primarybody of material for herdissertation is the AmericanImmigrant AutobiographyCollection of 1942, housed inYIVO’s archives. She uses thisresource to examine “howJewish immigrantsremembered ‘the OldCountry’ and the place of thatmemory in their new lives inthe United States.” Ms. Cohenhas also been working as aresearch assistant at YIVO andis now receiving advancedYiddish training in the YIVOSummer Program.

Additionally, YIVO hasgranted Max Weinreich

Center Fellowships to thefollowing students: • Jonathan Dekel-Chen, a

doctoral student in theDepartment of ComparativeHistory at Brandeis University,received his B.A. and beganhis graduate studies at theHebrew University inJerusalem. He is working on adissertation on “The Agro-

Joint Experiment: Lessonsfrom Over There.”

• During the spring, 1999semester, Leah Garrett, adoctoral candidate in Yiddishand Jewish Literature at theJewish Theological Seminaryof America, completed adissertation on “Images ofTravel in Modern YiddishLiterature.” In the fall she willbe joining the faculty of the

University of Denver with ajoint position in Jewish Studiesand English Literature.

• Daniel Katz, a doctoralcandidate in the HistoryDepartment at RutgersUniversity, is writing hisdissertation on theBlack/Jewish alliance withinthe American labor movementin the 1930s and 40s.

Photo from acollection on theAgro-Joint. A MaxWeinreich CenterFellowship hasbeen awarded to adoctoral studentwho is working ona dissertation onthe subject.

Dr. Tomaszewski Awarded 1998 Karski-Nirenska Prize

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Lectures

Hertz Lecture

On March 15, Anna Frajlich-Zajac delivered the firstAleksander and Alicja HertzMemorial Lecture on “HenrykGrynberg and His Quest forArtistic and Non-Artistic Truth,”which analyzed the identityissues grappled with in thewritings of this foremostexpatriate Polish-Jewish writer.Mr. Grynberg’s work is astruggle with a Holocaust andpost-Holocaust world. With hispen, he seeks to resurrect EastEuropean Jewry, in all itspositive and negative mani-festations, to “give them backtheir voice.” He strives toreconstruct that world artistically,but at the same time, with non-artistic credibility. Indeed, hecrafts his own writing to adhereto his belief that “non-artistictruth should be the only goal ofliterature on the Holocaust.”

Very little of Mr. Grynberg’swork has been translated intoEnglish, so Dr. Frajlich’s lecturewas particularly valuable inopening to non-Polish readingaudiences another importantvoice in the ongoing discussionof the validity of differentapproaches to portraying theHolocaust, one that involvesfigures ranging from LawrenceLanger to Steven Spielberg.

Klein Lecture

On May 3, Rona Sheramydelivered the first Irving D.Klein Memorial lecture, titled“Defining Lessons: HolocaustEducation in American-JewishSchools and Camps, 1945-67.” Inher talk, Ms. Sheramy exploredthe often explicit connectionmade in the post-war periodbetween the curricula of secularYiddish schools and camps, andthe memory of Holocaust

victims. She argued against thewell-accepted notion that a longperiod of silence regarding theHolocaust reigned until the1970s. She maintained that thisperception is formed if one looksonly to cultural elites, whereasthe documents of secularYiddish schools and campsreveal clearly that the Holocaustbecame a part of their curricula,in a very organic manner,immediately after the war.Secular Yiddish schools andcamps saw themselves as thenatural bearers of the culture ofEast European Jewry of the pre-war and wartime periods,according to Ms. Sheramy.National history, and their placewithin that stream of history,was used to strengthen theirchildren’s bonds to the Jewishpeople. Focusing on CampBoiberik as her example, Ms.Sheramy showed the explicitdiscussion of the Holocaust withthe campers and the way itbecame part of various camprituals. She set the approach ofthe Yiddishist network in greaterrelief by contrasting it with themanners in which the Reformand Conservative movementschose to portray the Holocaustin this period.

Tell Lecture

“What Are You DoingTonight? Amateur Culture in theShtetl in the 1920s and 30s,” thesecond Maria Salit-Gitelson TellMemorial Lecture, wasdelivered on April 22 by AnnaShternshis. Ms. Shternshis’analysis centered on thephenomenon of a “doubleculture”—an official culture ofthe shtetl and the “real” cultureof the people—which, sheargued, existed in shtetls in theinter-war period. The officialculture was a patriotic,

Sovietized world, which, to acertain extent, was a “falsefront,” a “Potemkin culture.”She argued against too simplistica construction of “false” versus“real” culture; rather, these twocoexisting worlds began toinfluence each other. Sovietholidays, for example, wereobserved not only in a pro formamanner, but came to take ontheir own “real” importance forJews of the shtetl. And thevarious cultural clubs so centralto Soviet life often adopted aJewish character, such as whenamateur theater groups put onthe works of Sholem Aleichem.

Ms. Shternshis’ work is basedon her archival research, as wellas on interviews she conductedwith former inhabitants ofshtetls, many of them now livingin the Brighton Beach area inBrooklyn. She found that,regarding understandings andattitudes toward Jewish identity,her interviewees were easilydivided into three age cohorts.Those over 85 years of age hadmemories of a full, traditionalJewish life. The religiouscomponent was dominant intheir understanding of Jewishidentity. For those in their earlyeighties, being Jewish meantbelonging to Jewish clubs, usingYiddish, and other elements of asecular Jewish identity. In theirrecollections, this Jewish life wasbrought to an end in the late1930s with the closing of Jewishschools and clubs. Unlikemembers of these first twogroups, for those in theirseventies, being Jewish did nothave positive associations. Theyassociated it with being scaredand secretive. Her interviewsreveal the impact that theprogressively restrictive Jewishpolicies of the Soviet Union hadon Jewish identity.

Anna Frajlich-Zajac

Rona Sheramy

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Peter Novick Leads

Holocaust Discussion

Are Americans obsessed withthe Holocaust? Why has theHolocaust, an event which wasrarely discussed in the firstdecades after World War II,come to be such a mainstreamissue in American life and acentral point of American Jewishidentity?

These issues, addressed by acontroversial new book, TheHolocaust in American Life, byUniversity of Chicago historianPeter Novick, were the subject ofa panel discussion on June 16 co-sponsored by YIVO andHoughton Mifflin Publishers.More than 125 people attended.Other panelists included SaraHorowitz, professor of literatureat University of Delaware; AlanMintz, professor of literature atBrandeis University; and JeffreyShandler, professor of Yiddishculture at New York University.Hasia Diner, professor of historyand Jewish studies at New YorkUniversity, was the moderator.

Novick’s examination ofHolocaust remembrance inAmerica reflected on what thisseeming obsession says aboutthe Jewish community todayand America at large. The authoranalyzed Jewish and Americanviews of victimhood andstrongly rejected any claimsconcerning the Holocaust’s“uniqueness.” Novickquestioned whether “our

pervasive centering of theHolocaust in both our self-understanding and our self-representation” is a positivedevelopment for the AmericanJewish community.

Referring to a mandatedHolocaust curriculum inschools, he said: “For anenormous number of Americangentile children, Jewish ones too,the equation ‘Jew equals victim’is being inscribed. So I wind upasking myself a traditionalquestion, a question oftenmocked . . . but that issometimes appropriate: Is itgood for the Jews?”

Based on the criticalcommentary and questions fromthe audience, the debate on thatquestion will continue wellbeyond that evening’sdiscussion.

German Versus

Slavic Influence

On March 3, Dr. Ewa Geller, aspecialist in Germanic linguisticsat the University of Warsaw,presented the first talk in theYIVO spring lecture series: “TheGermanocentric vs. theSlavocentric Approach toYiddish.” Dr. Geller discussedwhether Yiddish should beclassified as a Germanic or aSlavic language. She sought amiddle ground, though sheleaned toward the Slavocentricapproach. While some maintainthat the Slavic influence onYiddish has been superficial,affecting mainly vocabulary, Dr.Geller argued that the Slaviclanguages have affected majorstructural changes —ingrammar, syntax, phonemics(the basic distinctive units ofspeech sound) andmorphophonemics (the minimalgrammatical units of language).

YIVO’s Fall Lecture Seriespromises to be an exciting one.It will include speakers on abroad array of topics exploringliterature, politics, and Jewishculture in Eastern Europe fromthe inter-war period to thepost-glasnost era. Among thedistinguished scholars andresearchers scheduled are:

Monday, August 2 Joel BerkowitzUnraveling the Golden Thread:Reflections of Goldfaden’s Place inYiddish Culture

Monday, September 13 Jeremy PatonFrom the Margins to the Center:the Jewish Labor Bund in thePolitical System of IndependentPoland, 1918-1939

Thursday, October 7Dan Katz“We Organized the Union byDancing?” Jewish SocialistCulture and InterracialOrganizing in the ILGWU

Thursday, October 21Justin Jaron LewisIn the Marketplace: Hasidic TalesBetween Yiddish and Hebrew

Monday, November 8Aleksander BurakovskyElements of Jewish Renaissance inUkraine, 1988-91

Wednesday, December 15Cecile KuznitzThe Origins of YiddishScholarship and the Founding ofYIVO

Lectures will be held at 7 p.m.,at the Park East Synagogue,164 East 68th Street, New YorkCity. All lectures are free andopen to the public.

Fall Lecture Series

Peter Novick


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International Research Seminar on YiddishCulture was held in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv fromJune 20th to July 2nd, 1999. YIVO co-sponsoredthe seminar with the Yiddish Department ofHebrew University and Beth Shalom Aleichem inTel Aviv.

An important new initiative in the field ofYiddish studies, the seminar was intended foradvanced graduate students of Yiddish literatureand East European Jewish history and culture. Itspurpose was to provide intensive study with someof the foremost specialists in the field, to enablestudents from different countries and researchdisciplines to become acquainted with each other,and to familiarize students with the rich resourcesin Israel for the study of Yiddish literature andculture.

All instruction and seminar activities wereconducted in Yiddish. The program included:

• Mordechai Altshuler (Hebrew University)“Yiddish Culture in the Soviet Union”• David Fishman (Jewish Theological Seminaryand YIVO Institute) “The Emergence of Modern Yiddish Culture inEastern Europe”• Samuel Kassow (Trinity College) “Yiddish Culture in Inter-War Poland”

• Anita Norich (University of Michigan) “Yiddish Literature in the United States”• Avraham Nowersztern (Hebrew University andBeth Shalom Aleichem) “The Works of Sholem Aleichem”• Chava Turniansky (Hebrew University) “Old Yiddish Literature”

In addition, meetings were held with Yiddishauthors and cultural figures and a literary tour ofTel Aviv was provided. The first week of classestook place at Beth Shalom Aleichem in Tel Aviv,and the second week was held on the MountScopus campus of Hebrew University inJerusalem.

Response to the seminar far exceeded expec-tations. In light of the large number of applicants,thirty students from eight different countries weredivided into two seminar groups. Most of theprogram was underwritten by the sponsoringinstitutions. YIVO provided travel stipends,thanks to the generous donations of the ForwardAssociation, the Sonya Staff Foundation, Dr.Arnold Richards, and Ms. Fanya Gottesfeld Heller.

The sponsoring institutions envision theseminar as a training ground for the nextgeneration of instructors and scholars in Yiddishliterature and culture. The second seminar isexpected to take place in the United States in 2001.

Cataloguing Course Held at Center

YIVO’s biennial course in Hebraica and Judaicacataloguing had some new features in the June

1999 session. It was held at the new Center forJewish History in Manhattan. In addition, the mainteaching tool was a new book, Cataloguing HebrewMaterials in the Online Environment, by SusanLazinger and Elhanan Adler.

Led by YIVO Consulting Librarian Dr. BellaHass Weinberg, the course was taught in anintensive three-week format. Dr. Weinberg gaveeach student a copy of Birkon li-Medakdelim(Blessings for Grammarians), the bentsher shedesigned for her daughter’s bat mitzvah to clarifypoints of Hebrew grammar relevant totransliteration. The course this year alsothoroughly covered the Romanization of Yiddishand Ladino. Zachary Baker, who recently resignedas YIVO’s head librarian, presented a guest lectureon Romanization of Ladino.

The group included graduate students in libraryschools, as well as paraprofessionals employed inJudaica libraries of universities, seminaries andday schools. Many distinguished alumni of thiscourse, begun in 1987, have gone on to prominentpositions in libraries throughout the country.

First International Research Seminar on Yiddish CultureHeld in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museumand YIVO co-sponsored the lecture. Dr. Geller isvisiting from Warsaw on a Kosciuszko Foundationfellowship. She is working to establish anendowed faculty position in Yiddish at her homeuniversity. She is also trying to create a library ofrelevant materials at the university; donations ofbooks are welcome.

Daniel Drench Adds to Endowed Fellowship

YIVO extends a special thank you to DanielDrench in appreciation of his recent generous

gift enhancing the endowment of the Isidore andRose Drench Memorial Fellowship of the MaxWeinreich Center.

Daniel Drench (L)and his wifeBarbaracongratulated the 1999 Drenchfellow, AdamHoward, at theJune 28 DrenchMemorial Lecture.

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Head Librarian Zachary Bakeris leaving YIVO this

summer to become the ReinhardFamily Curator of Judaica andHebraica Collections at theStanford University Libraries.Mr. Baker, who announced hisresignation in February, served asYIVO head librarian for more

than 11 years. From 1981-87, he was the head ofTechnical Services and the Yiddish Department atthe Jewish Public Library of Montreal. Before that,from 1976-81, he worked at YIVO as head Yiddishcataloger and genealogical reference librarian.

Mr. Baker’s affiliation with YIVO extends backto 1971, when he was a student in the UrielWeinreich Summer Yiddish Program, which hedescribes as “unquestionably the outstandingexperience of my entire education.” Reflecting onhis long-time association with YIVO, Mr. Bakercommented: “It has been a tremendous privilegeand an honor to serve as head librarian. During

these years, I have worked closely with wonderfulcolleagues here, been responsible for an amazingcollection, been involved with a series of veryimportant projects, served as an officer of twoprofessional organizations, and traveled to somepretty exotic locales,” including Vilna, Kiev,Warsaw, and Buenos Aires. He also participated inthe planning and execution of YIVO’s two moves:from the Institute’s Fifth Avenue mansion totemporary quarters on West 57th Street, in 1994,and then from that location to the Center forJewish History, at 15 West 16th Street, during thepast year.

While Mr. Baker will be leaving YIVO, heexpects to remain affiliated with the Institute as amember. He observes that the guiding vision ofStanford University’s Program in Jewish Studies“is very compatible with YIVO’s scholarlytraditions.” Indeed, the head of the Stanfordprogram, Prof. Steven Zipperstein, is an alumnusof both the Yiddish Summer Program and YIVO’sMax Weinreich Center.

Aviva E. Astrinsky, formerlylibrary director of the Center

for Advanced Judaic Studies atthe University of Pennsylvania,has become head librarian ofYIVO, replacing Zachary Baker.

Ms. Astrinsky led the reorgani-zation of the library of the Centerfor Advanced Judaic Studies andthe computerization of its

archives, making it the second major Judaicacollection in the U.S. to be entirely computerized.(The first was the Judaic Division at HarvardUniversity.)

At YIVO, Ms. Astrinsky says she will unearththe library’s hidden treasures and modernize thelibrary, making it accessible by computer toscholars and lay persons in the United States andabroad. She plans to put the card catalog on lineand provide new services to the reading public byincluding access to American, European andIsraeli data-bases. She says the library will alsohelp with finding information on the World WideWeb and will expand services to genealogists andothers wishing to research family roots.

“I am very excited about this opportunity towork for YIVO in the Center for Jewish History,”Ms. Astrinsky said. “It is a unique place whichbrings together under one roof the heritage andhistory of Jewish people from the entire Diaspora.”

Before her 11-year tenure at the University ofPennsylvania, Ms. Astrinsky was theadministrative librarian for technical services atthe Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Shewas also the bibliographic control librarian of theUnion Theological Seminary in New York City.

An active member of the Association of JewishLibraries (AJL), Ms. Astrinksy last year hosted andco-chaired a successful annual AJL convention inPhiladelphia. Ms. Astrinsky previously served asan AJL vice president for membership and aspresident of its Research and Special CollectionsDivision. In 1984, she co-founded the New Yorkchapter of AJL and served as its president from1984-86. She also helped revive the Philadelphiachapter of AJL and served as its first president.

Ms. Astrinsky‘s background symbolizes theingathering of Diaspora Jews. She grew up in areligious home in Tel Aviv, Israel. Her father cameto Palestine from Damar, Yemen in 1912. Hermother came to Palestine in 1923 from Wodzislaw,Poland. Ms. Astrinsky spoke Yiddish with hergrandparents, uncles and aunts and understandsthe Hebrew dialect spoken by Yemenite Jews.

Ms. Astrinsky obtained her undergraduatedegree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,majoring in Hebrew Literature and EnglishLiterature. Her Master of Library Science is fromthe University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Zachary Baker Leaves YIVO Library for Stanford

Unniversity of Pennsylvania Librarian Joins YIVO Staff

Zachary Baker

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On February 28, 1999, the YIVO Library—together with other YIVO departments—

completed its move into the Center for JewishHistory at 15 West 16th Street, after more than fouryears in temporary quarters on West 57th Street.For the first time ever, the library’s fragilecollections are being stored under ideal climate-controlled conditions.

The book and periodical collection is shelved onthree separate floors. Two of these floors employcompact shelving to save space. In addition, thelibrary staff occupies half of an office floor, which

is shared with the MaxWeinreich Center.

Considering that YIVO’slatest move took place overtwo-and-a-half months duringthe depths of winter, and thatconstruction at the Center isstill in progress, the operationwent quite smoothly and met

its target date. Credit for this success is due to themove team, under the leadership of StanleyBergman, YIVO’s director of operations. The movesupervisors were Danny Pino and Dan Green.Crews from National Library Relocations taggedthe collections, packed books onto rolling bins,and then reshelved them at the Center. Thesecrews, in turn, were assisted by temporaryemployees—some of them recent immigrants fromthe former Soviet Union—who were hired for theduration of the move. Rounding out the moveteam was truck driver Chris Pocelinko of the J-Way Company, Hillside, NJ. Members of thelibrary and archives staffs also participated in therelocation effort.

Library Acquires Russian Book On Youth Movements in Poland

Among several Russian language books YIVOrecently received is K istorii iunosheskogo

dvizheniia v Pol’she (About the History of YouthMovements in Poland), which examines theestablishment and development of youthorganizations in Poland since the beginning of the20th century. Describing the important Communistand Socialist youth groups in Poland, a specialsection is devoted to the Jewish youthorganizations Kleyn Bund, Kombund, Tsukunft,offshoots of the Bund and the Socialist YouthLeague of Poalei Zion. For example, members ofKleyn Bund were children ages 10-16 who workedas apprentices. In 1905 there were 13 such groupsuniting 250 members.

The socialist democratic youth organizationTsukunft (Future), initially established as a group ofstudents, later merged with the Jewish SocialistYoung Workers League. It became a very activebody, and even though its leadership wasovershadowed, the Tsukunft managed to hold itsfourth conference in November 1911 (four monthsafter the merger). The Jewish Young SocialistLeague of Poalei Zion had its own magazine, Deryunger kemfer (The Young Fighter), and workedsolely with Jewish youngsters.

The book explores the connections as well as theconflicts between Jewish, Polish, and SovietRussian youth organizations. Interestingly enough,it was published in 1925 in Kharkov, then thecapital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

YIVO Collections Under Climate Control

Artist’s renderingof new library.

Center Reading Room OpensOn a Limited Basis

The Reading Room of the Center for JewishHistory has opened on a limited basis this

summer. For the first few months of its operation,YIVO’s collections will be the only ones accessibleat the Center. The Center’s partner organizations—the American Jewish Historical Society, theAmerican Sephardi Federation, the Leo BaeckInstitute, and the Yeshiva University Museum—are expected to start moving in this fall. Once thatis completed, researchers will be able to utilize thecombined resources of all of the organizations.Ultimately, access to these collections will beprovided via an electronic catalog. Planning forthat catalog is well underway, thanks to a majorgrant to the Center from the National HistoricalPublications and Records Commission.Meanwhile, readers can make use of existinglibrary catalogs and archival finding aids, whichexist in both manual and computerized formats.

The Center is expected to be a major destinationfor serious and casual researchers of Jewish historyand culture. The number of readers using YIVO’scollections is expected to grow significantly, giventhe Center’s pivotal location in the heart of New York City and the unique synergy likely to result from the proximity of its partnerorganizations. A “dry run” for dealing with thisincreased traffic level will take place in Augustduring the International Seminar of JewishGenealogy in New York City. More than 1,000genealogists and family historians are expected to participate in the seminar, and many willdoubtless visit the Center to make use of YIVO’sresources. Members of the Jewish GenealogicalSociety have offered their services as volunteers toassist YIVO’s staff in handling the increaseddemand on YIVO’s library and archival collectionsduring the seminar.


• Outgoing Head Librarian Zachary Bakerlectured at various scholarly, professional andpublic venues during the last few months.Several presentations were in connection withhis ongoing research on the Polish Jewishpainter Maurycy Minkowski (many of whosepictures are owned by YIVO’s sister institutionin Argentina, the Fundacion IWO). On December21, 1998, at the annual conference of theAssociation for Jewish Studies in Boston, Mr.Baker spoke about “The Death of an Artist:Maurycy Minkowski in Buenos Aires, 1930.” OnFebruary 11, 1999, he delivered a lecture atLehigh University entitled “MaurycyMinkowski: The Life and Death of a PolishJewish Artist.” On March 15, 1999, at aconference of the Latin American Jewish StudiesAssociation, in Princeton, his topic was “ArtPatronage and Philistinism in Argentina: TheFate of Maurycy Minkowski (1881-1930).” Inrecent months, Mr. Baker also gave slide lectureson this artist to a Workmen’s Circle branch inNew York City and to the Los Angeles JudaicaCollectors Club.

• On April 12, 1999, Mr. Baker delivered thekeynote address at a Yom Ha-Shoahcommemoration in Springfield, Mass.,sponsored by the Hatikvah Holocaust Educationand Resource Center of Western Massachusetts.The title of his speech was “RememberingCommunities: Memorial Books and theCollective Memory of Eastern European Jews.”At the spring 1999 workshop of the New YorkMetropolitan Area chapter of the Association ofJewish Libraries, he spoke about “MemorialBooks (Yisker-bikher): What They Are, How TheyOriginated, Who Uses Them, Where They CanBe Found.” The latest version of Mr. Baker’s“Bibliography of Eastern European Memorial(Yizkor) Books” was included in the revisededition of From a Ruined Garden, an anthologyedited by Jack Kugelmass and Jonathan Boyarin(Indiana University Press, 1998).

• On April 26-27, 1999, Mr. Baker representedYIVO at the annual meeting of the ResearchLibraries Group at the Getty Center in LosAngeles. YIVO joined RLG in 1992, and sincethen the YIVO Library has done its cataloging onthat organization’s Research Library InformationNetwork. Over 10,000 titles from the YIVOLibrary’s collections are included in the RLGdatabase, which is accessible worldwide.

Staff Notes

Yiddish Theater Flourished in Omaha

Though usually associated with large cities,Yiddish theater thrived in Omaha, Nebraska,

for decades. An article chronicling this history—co-authored by YIVO Associate Archivist LeoGreenbaum and Oliver Pollak, a history professorat the University of Nebraska at Omaha—isincluded in Studies in Jewish Civilization-9: YiddishLanguage & Culture Then & Now, published thisyear by the Creighton University Press. The article,“The Yiddish Theater in Omaha, 1919-1969,”details how theatrical companies with prominentpersonalities such as Ben Bonus, SamuelGoldenberg, Pola Kadison, Bertha Kalish and IsaKremer performed in this mid-sized Midwest city.

During World War I, Omaha’s predominantlyimmigrant Jewish population was roughly 15,000.

Vilna Ghetto Library LectureFeatured in Chapbook

Guardians of A Tragic Heritage, a chapbookrecently published by the National

Foundation for Jewish Culture, contains the text ofthe Myer and Rosaline Feinstein FoundationLecture delivered by Dina Abramowicz, referencelibrarian at YIVO. Speaking at the 1998 annualconvention of the Association of Jewish Libraries,Ms. Abramowicz, who is a survivor of the VilnaGhetto, recounted her work in the Ghetto Library.The library’s founder and director, Herman Kruk,was himself a refugee from Warsaw who wasdesignated as chief manager of all the Jewishbooks and cultural resources of the city byrepresentatives of the Alfred Rosenberg NaziMinistry for the Vilna region.

Although Mr. Kruk and most of his collabo-rators in the group known as the “Paper Brigade”perished in the Holocaust, the poet AbrahamSutzkever (whose 85th birthday YIVO celebratedin a poetry reading last summer) is one of the fewsurvivors. Sutzkever, together with ShmerkeKaczrginsky, rescued and returned to YIVO aportion of its teeasures, at great personal risk.

Abramowicz’s published lecture is introducedby Zachary Baker, formerly YIVO’s head librarian,who describes the results of the March 1997 trip toVilna (Vilnius). The trip was undertaken byrepresentatives of the Council of Archives andResearch Libraries in Jewish Studies to evaluatethe current condition and future of the culturalheritage of Jewish Vilna that survived theHolocaust. The chapbook is illustrated withreproductions of several title pages from rescueditems.

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Agroup of 57 students from as far away asAustralia, South Africa, Finland, Israel,

Belgium, Germany, France, England and Canadais now busy sipping the nectar at the ever-blooming flower of Yiddish that is New York City.Their presence at the Uriel Weinreich Program inYiddish Language, Literature and Culture reflectsthe increased interest worldwide in Yiddish. Co-sponsored by YIVO and Columbia University, theprogram remains an acknowledged center forthose seeking to master the Yiddish language in asshort and intensive a period as possible.

The program includes Yiddish instruction atthe beginner, intermediate, advanced intermediateand advanced levels. This summer, the programexpanded to include an advanced beginner levelas well.

The 35 beginning students are being immersedin mame-loshn by instructors Kolya Borodulin,Brukhe Caplan, Naomi Kadar, Rivke Margolis,Elinor Robinson and Sheva Zucker. Thosepursuing higher levels are enjoying the expertiseof Hanan Bordin, Dr. Adina Cimet, Naomi Kadar,Eugene Orenstein Mordkhe Schaechter and ShevaZucker. Irena Klepfisz once again leads atranslation workshop, and Khayim Wolf will makehis debut as theater workshop leader. AdrienneCooper and Binyumen Schaechter are teaching thegroup the repertoire of Yiddish folksongs, andMichael Alpert is teaching traditional folkdance.

A virtual parade of such experts in the field asMina Bern, David Goldberg, Joshua Rubensteinand Beyla Schaechter Gottesman is filing throughthe program this summer. They are part of thelecture series on the Jewish arts, in whichliterature, theater, journalism, film and visual artsare explored. Jeffrey Shandler spoke on Yiddisheducation in the United States in honor of thisyear’s 50th anniversary edition of College Yiddish.Excursions to the Jewish Lower East Side, theNational Yiddish Book Center and a Yiddish-speaking neighborhood in Brooklyn are bringingstudents into environments where they canexperience and apply what they have learned.

The public is invited to the 32nd siyem(graduation ceremony) where students willreceive their certificates of completion and presenta program of their accomplishments—-all inYiddish, of course—including songs, music,poetry and skits.

If you would like our brochure mailed to you in January for the first program of themillenium, e-mail Yankl Salant by e-mail [email protected], fax him at (212) 292-1892 or call him at (212) 294-6138. Yourname and address will be added to the mailinglist.

Yiddish Summer Program Blooms

Yiddish With YIVOYiddish Evening Courses — fall and spring classes at all levelsFor more information, call (212) 246-6080

“Zumer in nyu-york”

ContestAbove is the temporary name for the new

Summer Program Alumni Newlsetter. Try to come up with a better one (in Yiddish)

and submit it to Yankl Salant at:212-294-6138, fax 212-292-1892,

[email protected]. The newsletter will be called by the winning

title. The 5 runners-up will also be printed.

If you want to participate, help, write anarticle or memoir, give in a composition youwrote in the summer program, contact Yankl.

Leybl Kahn: Yiddish Bibliographer

YIVO is saddened by theFeb.18 death of Leybl

Kahn. Though a city plannerby profession, Leybl’s greatlove was Yiddish.

He was an enthusiasticspeaker of Yiddish (althougha native speaker of English),an activist in numerousYiddish organizations,including YIVO, and aYiddish bibliographer.

He compiled the bibliography of MaxWeinreich’s writings published in For MaxWeinreich on His Seventieth Birthday (1964). Mr.Kahn was truly a Yiddishist of principle,evidenced by his decision to legally change hisname from Leonard to Leybl. He will be sorelymissed.

Leybl Kahn

Izungr thi bhu-h†re!I

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Fanya Heller Receives Jewish Heritage Award

The Jewish Community Relations Council andNew York City Public Advocate Mark Green

honored Fanya Gottesfeld Heller, chair of YIVO’sWomen’s Committee, at City Hall June 15. Dr.Heller received the council’s Jewish HeritageAward for her accomplishments as an author,lecturer and Holocaust survivor. The “Celebrationof Jewish Heritage,” part of the city’s JewishHeritage-NY99 project, was attended by morethan 650 people.

Paysons Honored

Doris Payson and her husband Martin werehonored with the 1999 Philanthropists of the YearAward from The National Society for FundRaising Executives at a June 24 luncheon in NewYork City. The Paysons, role models in raising aclose and loving family, “have enjoyed successfulcareers and prospered financially—and they haveled lives as moral, compassionate human beings.They share values that drive their philanthropiccommitment to those in need of help.”

In addition to her role on the YIVO Women’sCommittee, Doris Payson serves on the YIVOBoard and the Budget Committee.

Uncle of Vera Stern Cited In Hirsz Abramowicz Book

The newly released English translation of Hirsz Abramowicz’s Profiles of a Lost World (seestory on page 8) describes the pioneering work of psychiatrist Dr. Abraham Wirszubski, then the director of Vilna’s Jewish hospital, inexpanding treatment options for the mentally ill.Dr. Wirszubski—an uncle of committee memberVera Stern—studied the positive effectiveness ofhome-based care for the mentally ill and headed acommission that adopted this model in the inter-war years.

PBS Adapts Work Of Dr. Jaffa Eliach

In September the PBS/WETA documentarybased on Dr. Jaffa Eliach’s exhibit,”The Tower ofLife” at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum--and on her book, Once There Was A World: A Nine-Hundred Year Chronicle Of The Shtetl of Eishyshokand other research--will be releaased. Dr. Eliach, amember of YIVO’s Women’s Committee, sees thisas a great opportunity to share our history andheritage: “I want everyone to see and feel the lifethat was, to cherish it and to teach it to ourchildren.”

Women’s Committee Members in the News

10th Yahrzeit: Dina Halpern, Yiddish Actress

It has now been ten years sincethe death of Yiddish actressDina Halpern. Born in Warsawin 1909, she was related to theKaminskis, who founded andembodied Yiddish theater inWarsaw. (To this day, theWarsaw Yiddish Theater is

named after Ester-Rokhl Kaminski.) As a youngactress, Ms. Halpern appeared in many Yiddishproductions and Yiddish films, most notably“The Dybbuk” (1937). In 1938, she came toAmerica temporarily, but was unable to leavewhen war broke out the following year. After thewar, she discovered that her whole family hadperished. She lived and worked in New Yorkuntil 1948, when she met and then marriedimpresario Danny Newman. For the last fortyyears of her life, Ms. Halpern lived in Chicagoand performed in the Yiddish theater there andon tours around the world.

Women’s Committee members at the 1999 Benefit Dinner (L to R) Mira Van Doren, Ella Levine, Esther Mishkin, EstherBarbasch, Rena Harris, Alan Harris, Mimi and HaroldGalanter, Ruth and Joseph Day.

Remember YIVO in Your WillHelp ensure that our children and our children’s children will

study, enjoy and remember the history, language and culture of our East European ancestors. For information, please call EllaLevine, Director of Development, at (212) 246 6080.

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18 YIVO News

YIVO Aids Author to IdentifyHer Grandmother’s Song

Jane Redbord, who is writing a book about hergrandmother, asked the YIVO Music Archive to

identify a Yiddish song her grandmother sang. Itwas a song handwritten on several pages, whichwere stitched together by hand. The song wasabout a troika, Ms. Redbord said. Music ArchivistChana Mlotek recognized the song. It came from alonger poem entitled “The Two Troikas” byRussian Yiddish poet Simon Frug, and the musicwas by Henry A. Russotto. It was published assheet music in New York in 1914 under the title“Lebedik un Freylekh” (Lively and Gaily). Thesingers of the song apparently regarded it as afolksong, for it appears as an anonymous song inthe ninth volume of A.Z. Idelsohn’s Thesaurus ofHebrew Oriental Melodies (Leipzig, 1932).

Chana Mlotek translated the poem for Ms.Redbord, who was very moved to learn that one ofthe troikas represented an allegory of the Jewishpeople, who are here composed of three deeds:Repentance, Prayer and Charity, sinceunbeknownst she had already planned to use thisas part of the title for her book.

The Research andSpecial Libraries

Division of theAssociation of JewishLibraries selected theGuide to the YIVOArchives for the 1998AJL Reference Award.The prize is given eachyear to the bestreference book in thefield of Judaicascholarship. The awardwas presented to

YIVO’s Fruma Mohrer and Marek Web, the co-authors, at the AJL Annual Convention in BocaRaton, Florida on June 22. The 400-page guide,published last year by M.E. Sharpe, lists thecollections in the YIVO Archives in alphabeticalorder by collection title, and provides a generaldescription of each collection. An extensive 75-page index offers rapid access to the entries. TheGuide to the YIVO Archives is available for a limitedtime directly from YIVO for $70, plus shipping.Place orders in writing and address them to: YIVO Archives, 15 W. 16th Street, New York, NY10011.

AJL Honors Best Reference BookGuide to YIVO Archives

Networking Discussed atPotsdam Archives Conference

Head Archivist Marek Web represented theYIVO Archives at a July 11 conference in

Potsdam, Germany titled, “Preserving JewishArchives as Part of the European CulturalHeritage.” The event, supported by the EuropeanUnion, was organized by the European Council ofJewish Communities (London), the AllianceIsraelite (Paris), the Moses Mendelssohn Zentrumfor European Jewish Studies (Potsdam) and the Jewish Partnership for Europe (Brussels).Archivists from Europe, Israel and the UnitedStates participated.

Mr. Web was on the panel discussing“Networking and Cooperation.” He reported onthe ongoing survey of Jewish archival sourcesbeing carried out in the former Soviet Union by“Project Judaica,” a joint project of the JewishTheological Seminary, YIVO and the RGGU, theRussian State University for the Humanities inMoscow. He also participated in the session on“European Written Heritage Outside Europe” andpresented a paper by Fruma Mohrer titled, “TheEuropean Roots of the YIVO Archives.”

Make a Planned Gift to YIVOSee Page 19 for details on ways of increasing

your income while giving to YIVO.

In Memoriam: Roza Hass

We are sad to report the passing of RozaHass, a long-time member of the YIVO

Library staff, on April 12, 1999, at the age of 70.Mrs. Hass worked as aclerical assistant in thelibrary for more than adozen years. She was anextremely devoted anddiligent worker, and was a quiet presence in thelibrary’s workroom. Shewill be sorely missed by her co-workers.

A Holocaust survivor born in the Galiciantown of Jaroslaw, Poland, Mrs. Hass immigratedto the United States with her husband, the latecantor Jacob Hass, after World War II. Thecouple had five daughters, among them YIVO’sConsulting Librarian Dr. Bella Hass Weinberg(who often quotes the pithy Yiddish sayingsthat are a legacy from her mother).

We wish to convey our deep condolences tothe Hass family on their loss.


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tIn February, Max and Enrique Grunsteincommemorated the 30th yortsayt of their father,

Herman Grunstein, with a $30,000 gift to YIVO inhis memory. The Grunstein family, now based inMexico City, was originally from Poland.

“My father was born in 1891 in Tuszyn (a shtetlclose to Lodz), [and] moved to Lodz as a child,”Enrique Grunstein recalled. “My father’s onlyformal education was in kheder, but he became ahosiery mechanic, a Socialist and a Bundist, whenleftist movements were forbidden by the Tsaristgovernment. He emigrated to Mexico in 1921.”

The Grunstein brothers’ mother came to Mexicoin 1923 from New York. Herman Grunstein wasinvolved in “gezelshaftlekhe” activities before WorldWar II on behalf of a sanatorium near Warsaw, andwas aYiddishist and a Bundist.

“The Bundists in Mexico were most dedicatedto the preservation of Yiddish as the livinglanguage of communication, knowledge andcreativity all over the world and especially inMexico,” Enrique said. “When a representative ofthe Yiddish world organizations came to Mexicoor when poets, writers, musicians and singerscame, my parents always had them at our home. Itwas an opportunity for spiritual enrichment.”

The elder Mr. Grunstein struggled in hisprofession but finally purchased four hosierymachines through the help of a friend. He ran themachines himself with the assistance of his wife.

Enrique recalled that “through hard work anddedication, the family mill became important andprofitable. Both my brother and I entered thefamily business after finishing college.

“My father always attended the meetings of theWorld Coordinating Committee of the Bund in theUnited States and Canada,” Enrique said. “Hecame back inspired by the always timely ideals ofhis youth.”

A memorial plaque for Herman Grunstein willbe hung in the Bund Archive at YIVO.

Grunstein Brothers Honor Their Father

You can increase your income, reduce yourtaxes and support Jewish continuity by estab-lishing a YIVO Charitable Gift Annuity. Here are afew of the benefits: • You can receive a guaranteed income for life

with no investment worries or responsibilities.

• You or a loved one can receive an attractive rateof return.

• You can reduce taxes and avoid unnecessaryestate taxes.

• You have the pleasure of making a meaningfulcharitable gift to the preservation of Jewishheritage through YIVO.

• A major portion of your Charitable Gift Annuitymay be tax-deductible.

The annual income YIVO pays depends uponthe beneficiary’s age at the time of the gift. Yourpayments can be made at regular intervals of yourchoosing (i.e. quarterly, semi-annually)throughout the year. Through your participationin YIVO’s Charitable Gift Annuity Program, youhelp endow YIVO’s programs to preserve ourJewish heritage.

To find out more about the many ways YIVOCharitable Gift Annuities can help you achieveyour financial, family and Jewish objectives,please call Ella Levine, Director of Development,at (212) 246 6080.

*Please note that while YIVO will gladly provide whateverassistance it can, we do not provide legal or professionaladvice. For that, you will need to discuss the matter with anattorney or other professional.

Increase Your Income While Supporting YIVO

Mildred Becker SupportsYIVO and Yidishkayt

Mildred T. Becker, who shares her father’scommitment to Yiddish, has donated $10,000

to ensure that Yiddish life and culture continue toflourish. Mrs. Becker, who has lived in Californiasince 1939, was born in New York City to Russianimmigrant parents. She is proud of her father’syikhes to yidishkayt: he came from Kapulye, thesame shtetl as Mendele Moykher Sforim.

“I feel fortunate to be able to make thiscontribution because I have been emotionallyinvolved with YIVO since 1930,” she said. “It’simportant to me that YIVO continues to preserveand teach our rich East European Jewish cultureand heritage.”

Mrs. Becker has a rich Yiddish heritage of herown, having been educated in the Arbeter Ringshuln and teachers seminars. In California, shewanted to continue to be involved with Yiddishactivities and tried to establish a Yiddish school.

Aside from her generous financial gift, Mrs.Becker has contributed books to the YIVO library.Her lifelong dedication to YIVO, to Yiddish, toteaching and preserving Jewish culture, Me’DorLe’Dor, brings honor to her and to us all.

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n May, a group of 24 people—ranging in agefrom 13 to 84—visited Lithuania on YIVO’s

first “Shtetl to State” Mission, which also includedvisits to Russia and Israel. Many participantsrecorded their experiences in mission journals,which they shared with Yedies. Excerpts arepublished below.

Ella Levine, YIVO Development Directorhen memories become stories passed onfrom one generation to the next, their roots

become less real. This mission gave the bearers ofmemories and family stories a new perspective—physical structures to match the events.

We sought to explore, understand and reclaimour heritage in the cradle of Jewish scholarshipand culture. While some of us went to Lithuaniato seek out former homes and schools, others wentto find places linked to their family histories.

Women’s Committee members Sara Rigler (whowas acompanied by her husband Bill), Sima Katz,and Vera Stern, as well as YIVO Leadership Forummember Myra Treitel (who accompanied herfather Jacob Waisbord), called the trip one of themost powerful experiences of their lives.

Ralph and Pearl Kier went to find Ralph’s roots.For the first time since childhood, he went by thename of Rachmiel and was proud to do so. TheGlick-Rohrlich family, four generations removed,rediscovered their heritage. Max Lubliner, born inLodz, wanted to see what remained of the richJewish culture for which Lithuania was famous.

Each member of the group came with anagenda. Some wanted to see certain towns; otherssought out specific streets and buildings. Each ofus retraced our steps, or those of our parents orgrandparents, becoming reacquainted with thepast.

What was once a thriving home for Jewishscholarship and thought now survives only inmemories. The remaining Jewish community inLithuania is fighting to preserve and reawaken aculture that was practically extinguished.

Once YIVO was the center of Jewish education,research, science and socioeconomic studies inVilna. By going back to where it started, YIVO isconnecting with its past. The mission participantslearned about YIVO’s past and present. Manyexpressed a desire to take an active role in makingYIVO’s goals a reality by joining committees,learning Yiddish and otherwise supporting YIVO.

Retracing Jewish Heritage on Mission

Mission participants outside the Jewish community Center in Kovno.

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A marble map on a building shows Vilna’s old Jewish Ghetto.

Mission participants at the Vilnius Jewish Community Center.

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Jacob Benzell, Union, New Jerseyeing a Holocaust survivor born in Lithuania,it was very painful returning to the country of

my birth. Every time we stopped at the memorialsto the murdered Jews, my heart nearly broke.

Ponar Forest, outside Vilnius, was the mostdifficult visit. The beauty of the surroundings andthe serenity of the majestic trees standing in silencecontrasted with the inhuman brutality that markedthe site as a horrible killing grounds. It was mind-boggling to think of the massive murderscommitted in such a gentle, beautiful place.

In Zagare, my birthplace, thousands of Jewswere murdered in Narishka Park. There, U-shapedrows of the burial place are covered with darkgreen leaves. To me they look as if they areweeping for the untold dead just beneath theground. In the silence I can hear them cry, “Lookwhat they have done to us.”

Madeline Cohen, New York, NYs we walked through the recently restored oldtown in Vilnius, I wished I could see more

markers of past Jewish life. Our guide Stefanpointed out a former Jewish theatre, streets wheresynagogues once were, and the boundaries of theJewish ghetto. We saw amonument to the Gaon ofVilna, and marble plaqueson the façade of a buildingshowing a map of the Jewishquarter. But to learn aboutthe vibrancy of Jewish life inVilna, one must read booksor visit (as we did) theJewish Museum, where ourguide was Rachel Kostanian,a founder and curator of themuseum. Rachel gave us thehistory of Vilna from herpersonal experience as a survivor of the Shoah.

We bore witness at Ponar and the Ninth Fort.Being with people who lost family at these verysites, and being able to say kaddish together for allthose who died there, was an experience I willnever forget.

In Kovno we visited Jewish cemeteries andwalked through the streets of the ghetto. Asya, aJewish woman living in Kovno, was our guide forthe day. She paid special attention to thosemembers of the group seeking to find streets andbuildings where their families lived, andcemeteries where family members were buried.

to Lithuania, Moscow and Israel

Tal Levin, daughter of Ella Levinehis mission to Lithuania exposed the worldthat I had always wanted to know. The black

and white pictures of my mom and her familysuddenly came to life. The buildings that mymother grew up in became real.My history became not justsomething I heard about, butsomething I was taking part in.

Seeing my mother go back tothe places of her earliestmemories opened up a worldformerly closed to me. Seeing theNinth Fort, where so many of ourloved ones were murdered,walking in the Jewish ghettos,seeing the synagogues, schools,homes—everything that oncesymbolized thriving Jewishculture—made stories come alive.When I thought about how I waswalking on the same streets asmy relatives—some who only liveon in memories—I got chillsdown my spine. I was going backto a place some tried to uproot usfrom. This was another exampleof how we survived.

Talking to the Jews who are still in Vilna andKovno, people asked why they were trying to holdonto and recreate a semblance of Jewish life in acountry in which it was almost destroyed. I saw agroup of people ensuring that no matter where inthe world they are, there shall always be someJewish culture there. The buildings are gone, butthe people are still there.

Rather than being commemorated in books, theyare a testament to what could have been, but isn’t.

Ella Levine andher daughter Tal at a monument tothe Vilna Gaon.

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Abandoned Jewishhospital in Kovno.

Ruth Benzell, wife of Jack Benzell, walking in Narishka Park.

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Rhona Liptzin, Seaford, NYt’s May 29 and we’ll be leaving Lithuaniatomorrow. I am crying. I am leaving a piece of

my heart here. I am crying for my mother andfather and the pain they endured, the sorrow thatlasted a lifetime. I am crying for the family that Ishould have had. I am crying for the land that Iwas entitled to and the place I could have calledhomeland had it not been erased by the Shoah.

I was a little girl when I promised my parentsthat I would never forget. I promised them thatYidishkayt would not end with them. When I saidkaddish for them 20 years ago, I prayed that Iwould live a life that would be worthy of thepraise and love they bestowed upon me.

I look at my beautiful son sleeping so peacefully.I know his little head was filled this week with somuch. I wonder if he misses having a full set ofgrandparents as much as I did.

I will someday have a grandchild, and I willbring him to the land of his great-great grand-parents. I can bring him to the Ninth Fort, theorphanage, the Hebrew school. I can show himwhere my grandmother is buried. Their souls arehere. This is where my roots are.

Each monument that is erected here becomes areminder to the world. This land has to live withthe shame of it all. And that’s a pretty sad thing for a nation and for the world to have to do.

I think of how many children of survivors there are, and I multiply my reaction and feelingsby theirs, and I see a generation of people whomust be searching for the roots that gave them

their Jewish culture, theirYidishkayt. I see a generation that is being left with theresponsibility to remember. Ithink of my sons, and I hope thatthe Holocaust teaches them to getinvolved and make a differencein this world. I hope I can teachthem to always pay attention towhat is happening in the worldand to help out. I wish for themto be generous enough to give ofthemselves, to be strong andcourageous, and at the sametime, kind and gentle, and to notlet Yidishkayt end with me.

It is vital for YIVO to continueorganizing such missions tostrengthen the connectionbetween the past, the present andthe future—Me’Dor Le’Dor.

Joshua Liptzin, 13, son of Rhona Liptzin e were going to where my grandparentsand great-grandparents lived prior to the

Holocaust. I had been looking forward to this tripfor months. I finally got to see where they hadlived prior to the Holocaust. My mom had told mestories that her mother had told her, and I triedpicturing what the places would look like. Itwasn’t what I expected.

At the Ninth Fort, at least 50,000 people weremurdered, and two of them were my great-grandparents. Even though I never met them, andneither did my mother, it made me feel closer tothem and gave me an understanding of what theyhad gone through. We went to the grave wherethese 50,000 are buried, and on top of it was a hugemonument. There were three structures in it: theone in the middle symbolized the courage andstrength of the Jews during that time, and the twosmaller structures on the right and left symbolizedthe hard times, pain and suffering they had to gothrough, as well as hope for the future.

I consider myself lucky to have had theopportunity to go there and learn so much.

Rhona and Joshua Liptzin in Vilnius.

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Part of a photo exhibit in the Jewish Museum of Vilnius.

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Theodore Smith, Reston, VAlthough the subject of the Holocaust isunavoidable on the ground where it took

place, I do think it is time to move on and paymore attention to things as they are, instead of theway things once were. I came away impressedwith the seriousness and intellectuality of theLithuanian and Moscow communities and believethat a third model of Jewish life is evolving therethat is neither the Muskeljudentum of Israel nor theFiskaljudentum of the United States.

My grandfather came to the United States morethan 100 years ago as a result of one of the periodicfamines that afflicted the Russian Empire at thattime. I always wondered why he picked upstateNew York as the place to resume dairy farming,but during the bus trip from Kaunas to Shauliai,through the Lithuanian farm country, I was struckby how the lay of the land, the crops, the cattle, theclimate, and even the flowers in bloom resembledupstate New York when it was still somewhat ofan agricultural powerhouse.

In Moscow the Jewish Museum at Victory Parkwas a total surprise and a brilliant illustration thatRussian Jews can put together a world-classfacility and exhibit with their own resources. Therewere many documents and graphics, as well asexamples of Judaica that I have seen in no otherJewish museum I have visited. The esthetics of thedisplay testified to the degree of talent and intentof the local Jews to demonstrate they can matchtheir efforts against any similar effort anywhereelse. The Jewish studies program at the RussianState University of the Humanities also showedhow the local Jews (with some outside assistance)are reviving serious study of Jewish history andculture, even if the level of funding is not sogenerous as that for the new Jewish museum.

The YIVO trip was an eye opener and very wellorganized, and the group congenial. It may havebeen as much an internal exploration as anexternal one.

Miriam Katz, Bethpage, NYMiriam is the daughter of Sima and Nathan Katz, whoalso went on the mission.

e ended with four days in Tel Aviv andJerusalem. At our farewell dinner we met

with Mr. Joseph Melamed, president of theLithuanian Association in Israel. He revealed to usthe startling statistic that 90 percent of theLithuanian Jews who perished after the Germaninvasion died by the hands of Lithuanian citizensand their enthusiastic Nazi collaborators.

Before World War II there were 350,000 Jews inLithuania. Today, 3,000 remain, and their numbersare dwindling quickly, in large part due toassimilation and intermarriage.

Their government is quite poor, but constructionis taking place nonetheless. For example, the cityof Vilnius erected a new sports stadium on the siteof an old Jewish cemetery. On holidays they holdfestivals there and dance on our graves.

It is not my intention to make it seem as thoughall Lithuanians are evil monsters. Some riskedtheir lives to save and hide Jews, although this wasusually done for a price. My own parents survivedbecause a good Lithuanian smuggled them andfive other family members out of the ghetto. Later,a good kind family hid all seven of them on theirfarm, without remuneration. Just as there are somebad people in every society, there are some goodpeople as well.

Monument atPonar Forest,where 100,000people, including70,000 Jews fromVilna and thevicinity, wereslaughtered.

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Mission participants visiting the Ninth Fort Monument, sceneof a mass murder of Lithuanian Jews outside Kovno.

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New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

AMERICAN HISTORY• Professor Mordkhe Schaechter

donated the papers of Leybl S.Kahn, the longtime YIVOLibrary volunteer andcontributor to YIVO’spublications who diedrecently. The papers includeextensive materials on YIVOand various Yiddishistorganizations in the UnitedStates.

• Ruth Michaels donatedadditions to the papers of herfather, longtime YIVOResearch Associate Dr. RudolfGlanz (1892 - 1978). Theseinclude the proofs of hisunpublished 380-page book,Aspects of the Social, Politicaland Economic History of the Jewsin America, focusing on thenineteenth century, as well ashis memoirs of childhood andadolescence in Vienna.

• Harriet Geller donated workpapers of her father, IsaacGeller, relating to his nearlythree decades as a HIASfundraiser (1930s-1950s).

• William Stern, a leadingveteran of the labor, socialdemocratic, Labor Zionist andYiddishist movements, as wellas former executive director ofthe Workmen’s Circle, hasdonated papers reflecting hiswide range of interests,including the cooperativehousing movement, theLeague for IndustrialDemocracy, Jewish SocialistAlliance, Forward and theAtran Foundation.

• Lena and David Breslowdonated the records of theWorkmen’s Circle School #3 inthe Amalgamated Houses inthe Bronx.

• Shirley Novick, wife of the latePaul Novick, who was editorof the New York Yiddish daily,Morgn Freiheit, donatedphotographs relating to herhusband’s trips to the SovietUnion.

• Linda Harris-Sicular donatedthe papers of her father, LeonW. Harris, who served as aJewish lay chaplain in the U.S.Army in New Mexico andIndia during World War II.

• Sonia Slom Hecht donatedpapers relating to her father,Charles Slom, an operatictenor who was active in theHistadrut Division of theWorkmen’s Circle.

• Professor Martin Warmbranddonated materials relating toblack-Jewish relations inAmerica.

• Larry Cohen donated theautobiography of his father,Norman, born in theimpoverished immigrantneighborhood called Chicken

Hill in Pottstown,Pennsylvania. The donation isthe first piece of an ongoingfather-son collaborativeproject.

• Myron Cohen donated acollection of tickets to ballsgiven by variouslandsmanshaftn in New YorkCity during the 1920s.

• Dr. Edward A. Mainzerdonated his large collection ofAmerican anti-Semitic andanti-Israeli literature, datingmostly from the 1970s.

• Fannie Trost Cole and ArleneL. Parnes donated ephemerarelating to American Jewishhistory in the 1920s and 1930s.Sonia Nusenbaum donatedsimilar, but more recent,materials.

ART • Before he passed away

recently, the novelist BurtBlechman donated hiscollection of over 600 pieces offine Yemenite Jewish silverjewelry. These were craftedbefore World War I in Yemen,and in Jerusalem before theestablishment of the State ofIsrael. Selected items from thebeautiful collection will be onpermanent exhibition on arotating basis at the Center forJewish History. Twenty piecesare currently on display atCongregation Beth El in NewRochelle, N.Y.

• Adah B. Fogel donatedceramic figurines of Jewishfolk characters created by herlate husband, the sculptorEfraim Fogel.

• Original art objects and sourcematerials on Jewish artistswere donated by IsabelBelarsky, Carole T. Le Mianand Andrew Marum.Jewish petroleum “wildcatters” near Bialystok before the

turn of the century. Donated by Kylie Masterson.


New

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ns• Doris Pfeffer donated a large-

scale collage created by herlate sister, the filmmaker andartist Barbara Pfeffer,composed primarily ofphotographs of familymembers murdered by theNazis.

EUROPEAN HISTORY• George Reiss donated a letter

from Mendl Beilis, the manwho was tried and acquittedin a blood libel case in Russiain 1913.

• Rema Braun (via Dr. ChavaLapin) donated the memoirsof her father, ChackielKameraz, a Jewish Communistactivist in inter-war Vilna.

• Sharyn Robbins Silversteindonated a letter giving adetailed description of thepolitical and economiccondition of the Jewishcommunity in Lodz, Poland,in 1931.

• Jack Freedman donated theprison letters of his cousin,Icek, who was arrested fordefending fellow Jews duringthe pogrom in Przytyk,Poland, in 1936.

• Fela Kupferstein donateddocuments relating to theJewish printers’ union inPoland. She also donatedmaterials on the AmalgamatedWorkmen’s Circle school inthe Bronx.

• Marci Shore donated her studyof labor Zionism in post-warPoland.

HOLOCAUST• Majus Nowogrodski and Rose

Klepfisz each made separatedonations of materials relatingto the Bundist resistance in theWarsaw ghetto.

• Chana Ellenbogen donated theEnglish-translation typescriptof her father’s memoir, Mitnfarshnitenem folk (With theSlaughtered People). Itdescribes Jacob Celemenski’sactivities as a courier betweenthe Polish underground andthe Warsaw ghetto. GershonFreidlin translated the work.

• Michael Jackson (Jakobowicz)donated a memoir of hissurvival in the Chernovtsyregion of the Ukraine.

• Steve Harris donated JosephDlugacz’s account of survivalin Brescia and Leipzig.

• Dr. Harriet Davis Kramdonated World JewishCongress documents relatingto East European Jewry duringand after the Holocaust.

• Rose Boyarsky donated poemsand letters written bysurvivors immediately afterWorld War II.

• Richard Puette (via EllenSimer) donated a letter fromhis cousin, Isaac Zanger, anAmerican soldier, describinghis aid to Jewish survivors inCzechoslovakia in 1945.

GENEALOGY • Family documents and

genealogical documentationwere provided by Dr. GeorgeAlexander (via RoseAlexander), Robert J. Greene,D. J. Jaffe, Ralph B. Lawrence,Julius Marymor, GertrudeSinger Ogushowitz, AnneOttolenghi, Charlotte Steiner,Al Turney and DavidWaxman.

LANDSMANSHAFTN• Shirley Saunders donated

Yiddish-language minutes ofthe Rakishker (Rokiskis) Societyin Johannesburg in the 1950s.

• Paul and Bella Zafran donatedrecent Yiddish-languageminutes of Branch 473(Kovler) of the Workmen’sCircle.

• Sol H. Liebman donated thecorrespondence, from recentdecades, of the CongregationSons of Telsh (Telshai) in NewYork. The correspondencedeals mostly with cemeteryplot assignments.

• Special thanks to PhilipImperiale and Robin Kraus ofthe New York StateDepartment of InsuranceLiquidation who donated therecords of 40 landsmanshaftn.These documents will first beprocessed through YIVO’sArchives and will then beavailable to the public.

Wedding photo of the Prewalers was among the geneologicalmaterials donated by David Waxman.


YIVO News26

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LANGUAGE ANDLITERATURE• Anna Miransky donated the

papers of her late father, theYiddish poet and fabulistPerets Miransky. Many lettersfrom leading Yiddish literatiare included.

• Miriam Gross donated thepapers of her late father, theYiddish novelist B. Demblin(the pen name of BenjaminTeitelbaum). Letters frommany Yiddish writers are alsoincluded.

• Emily Birnbaum donatedadditional materials to thepapers of the trilingual writersJacob and Menachem Glenn.

• Professor Marvin (Mikhl)Herzog, the Yiddish linguistand member of YIVO’s Boardof Directors, donated a largeaddition to his papers. Thepapers reflect his scholarlyactivities.

• Sidney Miller donatedadditional materials to thecollection of papers of hisfather, Canadian Yiddishwriter Mordechai Miller.

• Other literary materials weredonated by Julius Fuhrmann,Ada Kagan, Leon Lederman,the late Adam Markusfeld andJean Mathieu.

MUSIC andRECORDINGS• Basia Arkuski (via Sara Paul)

donated a collection of morethan sixty Yiddish folksonglyrics that she recalls frominter-war Vilna.

• Peter Rushefsky and HowieLees jointly donated a copy ofthe very rare book,International Hebrew WeddingMusic, compiled by WolffKostakowsky and publishedin Brooklyn in 1916. Mr.Rushefsky also donatedmaterials relating to his careeras a klezmer musician.

• Special thanks to Dini Bigajerof the United Jewish Appeal ofGreater New York whodonated thirty Yiddish andcantorial 78-rpm recordings.These include rareperformances by baritoneCantor Zavl Kwartin, CantorJoseph Shlisky and CantorPinchas Borenstein.

• Also, special thanks to MartinKaplan and Leon Eisensonwho jointly donated 150 glassdisc transcriptions of theJewish Theological Seminaryradio series “Eternal Light”from the mid-1940s. A numberof these transcriptions of the“Palestine Speaks” radioprograms from the ZionistOrganization of America werealso included.

• Andrew Ingall of the NationalJewish Archive ofBroadcasting donated twenty-five Yiddish 78-rpm records.

• Felix Fibich, the dancer/choreographer/actor, donated50 LP recordings of Israeli andYiddish music, includingHasidic nigunim.

• Isidor Friedman donatedtwenty-five Jewish LPrecordings.

Photo of a turn-of-the-century New York City touring coach, donated by Lee Frazier.

Yiddish sheet music donated byMitchell and Meredith Saltzman.

[continued from page 25]

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27

• Mitchell and MeredithSaltzman donated 78-rpmrecordings of Yiddish andcantorial music, as well asYiddish sheet music.

• The Yiddish and cantorialsinger Freydele Oysher hasdonated Jewish music booksand sheet music.

• Bella Kudish Weinbergdonated her biography of herfather, the violinist AlexisKudish. Mr. Kudish, whoreceived his musical trainingin Russia, performed in theUnited States from the 1920sto the 1940s.

• Lillian Brodatz donatedmaterials on Cantor JacobKoussevitsky.

• Beverly Tarabour donated (viaSara L. Sirman) documents onthe life and career of CantorAaron Wecker, director of theDer veker Jewish choir inBucharest in the inter-warperiod.

• Max Silverman donated aletter from the late violinistYehudi Menuhin, as well asother materials.

VISUAL MATERIALS• Linda S. Bienstock donated a

videotape of her puppet playbased on her grandmother’slife.

• Robert Belenky donated 133photographs depicting theactivities of the Agro-Joint inSouthwest Ukraine in the1920s. The Agro-Joint, adivision of the AmericanJewish Joint DistributionCommittee, aided Jewishagricultural settlements in theSoviet Union. The donor’sfather, Maxim DavidovichBelenky, was the head of theAgro-Joint’s tractor team. Thisdonation complements YIVO’sextensive holdings of theAgro-Joint’s records, found inthe papers of its director,Joseph Rosen.

• Feigl Glaser donatedphotographs of the MedemSchool in Lodz, Poland, in1923. She also donatedphotographs of Bundist youthactivities in Belgium in 1946.A. Jakubowicz and PinyeNash donated photographs ofrecent Bund gatherings inAmerica and Australia.

• Miscellaneous photographs ofPoland were donated by Dr.Janusz Cisek (via SimonSchochet), and miscellaneousAmerican photographs weredonated by Lee Frazier.

• Professor Xie Goldmandonated a video of the historicJewish community ofNilopolis, Brazil.

• Kylie Masterson donated aphotograph of Jewishpetroleum “wildcatters” nearBialystok before the turn of thecentury.

SEEKING DONORINFORMATION

The YIVO Archives is seekingthe address and/or telephonenumber of donor DeborahPincus Fedder.


Clarifications Our apologies to donor

Miriam Haaran. Her father,Solomon Golub, was acomposer of Yiddish art songs,not of theatre numbers.Besides manuscripts andprinted materials, she alsodonated recordings of some ofthese songs.

Apologies also to donorRachel Levit Lisman. Shedonated materials relating tothe Sofia M. GurevitchGymnasium in Vilna as well asa series of autobiographicalessays on Vilna and othertowns.

Agro-Jointphotographs from SouthwestUkraine in the1920s. They weredonated by RobertBelenky.

Remember YIVO in your will. See page 19 for details.

YIV

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28 YIVO News

Gifts of $50,000 and Above

Atran Foundation, Inc. Diane Fischer

Estate of Pearl Heifetz

MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Ronald O. Perelman

NYC Department of Cultural AffairsSchuyler G. Chapin, Commissioner

National Foundation for Jewish Culture

Francesca and Bruce Slovin

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Toby and Bernard Nussbaum

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Martin Lipton, Esq.

Naomi and Motl Zelmanowicz

Gifts of $25,000 - $49,999

Alexander Hertz Foundation

Estate of Evelyn Uhr

Estate of Leo A. Shifrin

Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. Inc. Kindy and Emanuel J. Friedman

Andrea and Warren Grover

Rena and Enrique Grunstein

Erica Jesselson

Kekst and Company Inc. Carol and Gershon Kekst

Leucadia National Corporation Diane and Joseph S. Steinberg

Lucius N. Littauer Foundation Inc. William Lee Frost

Susanne and Jacob Morowitz

Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison Betsy and Max Gitter

Republic National Bank of New York Nina and Walter H. Weiner

Ronald S. Lauder Foundation Jo Carole and Ronald S. Lauder

Rivki and Lindsay A. Rosenwald

S.H. and Helen R. Scheuer Family Foundation Joan and Richard J. Scheuer

Slim Fast Nutritional Foods FoundationS. Daniel Abraham

Steinhardt Management LLC Judy and Michael H. Steinhardt

Willis Corroon Corporation of New YorkSally and Anthony DeFelice

Gifts of $10,000 - $24,999

Access Industries, Inc. Len Blavatnik

Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, Inc.Bluma D. Cohen

American International Group William Kane

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company Leah and Michael Karfunkel

Baker & McKenzie William J. Linklater

Baruch College/CUNY Lois Cronholm

Mildred T. Becker

Phyllis and Martin L. Berman

Ethel S. Brodsky

California Federal Bank Jerry and Carl B. Webb

Continental Health Affiliates, Inc.Phyllis and Jack Rosen

Tanya and Sol Neil Corbin

Corning Incorporated Roger G. Ackerman

Ethel R. Cutler

Datascope Corporation Carol and Lawrence Saper

Dibner Fund, Inc. David Dibner

Bernice and Donald G. Drapkin

Barbara and Daniel Drench

Ernst & Young Katherine and Gerald D. Cohen

Estate of Dr. Belle Abramson

Estate of Tamar Wollock

FAB Industries, Inc. Halina and Samson Bitensky

Forward Association, Inc. Samuel Norich

Shulamis L. Friedman

Gittis Family Foundation Howard Gittis

Global Financial Press, Inc. Barbara and Richard S. Kendall

Goldman, Sachs & Co., Inc. Suzanne and Thomas S. Murphy

Gotham Partners Management Co., LLCKaren and William A. Ackman

Guardsmark, Inc. Barbara and Ira A. Lipman

Harry and Celia Zuckerman Foundation, Inc. Mark Zuckerman

Fanya Gottesfeld Heller

KPMG LLP Renee and Michael J. Regan

Lazard Freres & Co. LLC Kenneth M. Jacobs

MacKenzie Partners, Inc. Daniel H. Burch

Morgan Stanley Dean Witter William R. Reid

Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund Linda S. Collins

Nash Family Foundation, Inc. Helen and Jack Nash

Harold Ostroff

Paine Webber Group Inc. Cati and Donald B. Marron

Claudia and Nelson Peltz

Doris and Martin D. Payson

Donors of $5000 and Above

The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research thanks the following donors for helping to preserve ourJewish heritage through their generous support. In the last issue, Yedies acknowledged gifts of

$1000-$4999. This issue recognizes donors of $5,000 and above from August 1998 - June 15, 1999.

YIV

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ors


Barbara and Louis Perlmutter

Philip Morris Companies Inc. Joan and Joseph F. Cullman, 3rd

Inge and Ira Leon Rennert

Pearl Resnick

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Claire and Joseph H. Flom

Sol Goldman Charitable Trust Amy P. Goldman

Sonya Staff Foundation Eve Staff Rosahn

Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman, LLP Kane and Martin Nussbaum

Theodore and Renee Weiler Foundation Inc. Richard I. Kandel

Weil, Gotshal & Manges Joanne and Robert Todd Lang

Abigail and Leslie H. Wexner

Gifts of $5,000 - $9,999 Adelphi University

Matthew Goldstein

Adolph & Ruth Schnurmacher Foundation, Inc. Ira J. Weinstein

Barclays BankTerrance Bullock

Roz and Michael H. Baker

Beate and Joseph D. Becker

Rose Anne and Lucien Burstein

CIBC Oppenheimer Corp. Lotte and Ludwig Bravmann

Chase Manhattan Corporation Anne and William B. Harrison

Cravath, Swaine & Moore Allen Finkelson ,Esq.

E.M. Warburg, Pincus & Co., LLC Lionel I. Pincus

EL-KAM Realty Co. Ellen and Kamran Hakim

Estate of Joseph Ain

Estate of Lucy Kohn

Edith and Henry J. Everett

Family Management Corporation Cathy and Seymour W. Zises

Diane and George Fellows

Michael Fuchs

Herman George Kaiser Foundation Carol Wilson

Home Depot Bernard Marcus

Houghton Mifflin Company Wendy J. Strothman

Jeno Neuman et Fils Inc. Sholom Neuman

Joseph E. Seagram and Sons, Inc. Rick Marker

Joseph H. Reich & Co. Carol and Joseph H. Reich

Kramer, Levin, Naftalis & Frankel Thomas E. Constance , Esq.

Kronish Lieb Weiner & Hellman LLP David and William Schwartz

Ruth and David A. Levine

John L. Loeb , Jr.

Ruth Mack

Martin H. Bauman Associates, LLC Martin H. Bauman

Merrill Lynch & Company Barry S. Friedberg

Nathan and Evelyn Day Family Trust Peggy Anderson

NationsBank Mark R. Antweil

New York Times Company Foundation, Inc. Barbara and Arthur Gelb

Ruth and Raymond G. Perelman

Rosa and David M. Polen

Sandra and William L. Richter

Rebecca E. Rieger

Sakura Dellsher, Inc. Betty and Leo Melamed

Sanders Morris Mundy Inc. Don A. Sanders

Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Roger Hertog

Shelley and Donald Rubin Foundation, Inc. Evelyn Jones Rich

Sy Syms Foundation Lynn and Sy Syms

Morris Talansky

Vinson & Elkins Harry M. Reasoner Esq.

Sima and Rubin Wagner

Frances Weinstein

Wolf, Block, Schorr, Solis-Cohen LLP Matthew H. Kamens, Esq.

Carol and Lawrence Zicklin

From February 1998 - June 15, 1999

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011

Phone: (212)246-6080, Fax: (212) 292-1892www.baruch.cuny.edu/yivo/

I want to help YIVO preserve our Jewish heritage.• $50–Entitles you to the YIVO newsletter inYiddish and English.

• $100–The above, and a small posterreproduction from YIVO’s collection.

• $180–All of the above and a special packet ofYIVO postcards with historic photographs.

• $360–All of the above, and a choice of Yiddishrecordings.

• $500–All of the above and a book from YIVO.

• $1000 and over–All of the above and a listing in Yedies.

Enclosed is my contribution of $______.

Please return this form with your check payable to YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. Your gift to YIVO is tax deductible. Thank you!

Name ________________________________________

Address______________________________________

City/State/Zip________________________________

Telephone (h)_______________ (w)_______________

Fax_______________ e-mail_____________________

hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈hHuu†

30

Letters to Yedies

Dear Editor: Imagine my surprise, joy and pridewhen I received YIVO News #187 and saw thatyou used a copy of a postcard made by my uncle,Henry (Haim) Goldberg, who perished in theHolocaust. I have been doing research on his life.This issue will become part of my family archives.

Mrs. Barbara Klion

Dear Editor: I have an archive you might beinterested in for the encyclopedia about EastEuropean history and culture. My grandfather,Zalman Kaplan, was the photographer inSzczuczyn, Poland, a prosperous town of 5,000between Warsaw and Bialystok. We have familypictures from the late 1890’s to 1937, pictures of thetown in general, and a documented history of thetown from its Polish origins in the 1500s to theHolocaust. Szczuczyn was ceded to Russia by theGermans in 1939. Before the Germans took backthe town in 1941, the Polish residents massacredhundreds of their Jewish neighbors--including ourfamily. The rest were killed in the Holocaust. Onlyfour or five of the town’s 3,000 Jews survived.

The pictures present a well-rounded look atJewish life in small town, pre-Holocaust Poland.

Michael H. Marvins

Thanks very much for your offer. We treasurecollections of this type.

Editor

Dear Editor:The latest copy of Yedies carries anitem on the HIAS Archives. The documents in thecollection dealing with the Conference at Evian in1938 are of special interest to me. I spent a veryprofitable two months at the YIVO Library andArchives years ago and I look forward to anothersuch occasion.

Professor David VitalTel Aviv University, Israel

We encourage our readers to write (by regular mailor e-mail) with comments and responses to Yedies.

Vilna and Kovno AreaGatherings Held in Miami

The Vilna and vicinity annual gathering inMiami, Florida, is always an evening to

remember! In February, more than 300 guests came to celebrate and share their proud Vilnaconnection. With the dedication and help of SamHamburg, a member of the organizing committee,the warm and friendly atmosphere reflected thedeep roots and culture of this unique Landsleitcommunity.

A week later, Harry Demby was hard at workorganizing the annual gathering of the Litvaks—Kovno and vicinity—in Miami. Some 200 guestsfrom the U.S., Canada and South Africa gatheredto show their deep roots in Yiddish language andculture and in the rich Lithuanian Jewish heritage.

Florida gathering of Lithuanians from Kovno area. (L-R) ItkaLev, Ella Levine, Ruth Day, Rachel Lapidus of Montreal, SaraKarn and Izak Lev.

Request for Support

The YIVO Library seeks your support topurchase these important reference books andnew scholarly editions on two of the seminalfigures of Hasidism:

• Hebrew Manuscripts at Cambridge UniversityLibrary, by Stefan C. Reif, Cambridge/New York,1997— $125.

• One Hundred Years of Art in Israel, by Gideon Ofrat,Boulder, 1998— $75.

• Otsar Ha-Hagadot, by Yitshak Yudlov, Jerusalem,1997— $150.

• Die Fahrt des Rabbi Nahman von Bratzlaw ins Land Israel (1798-99) (Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav’sJourney to the Land of Israel, 1798-99), Tuebingen,1997— $125.

• The Bar Ilan Responsa Project CD, contains 700 volumes of Biblical commentary, including theMishna, Tosefta, Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud,among others—$650

• The Talmud, the Steinsaltz edition, Englishtranslation by Adin Steinsaltz (17 volumes), New York, 1989—$750

• Die Geschichten vom Ba’al Schem Tov = Schivcheha-Bescht (In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov),Wiesbaden, 1998—$125.

Donors’ names will be acknowledged onbookplates inserted in volumes purchased withthese funds.

Harry Demby

YIVO News

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b†l sgr nkjnv v†y zh zhl nhyi muuhhyi nTiw nthrngknTiw tundgegry ehhi Puhki tui s†ryituhpdgaygky thi uuTrag sgo hHshai nkufv-ygTygrwuu†x v†y th dgaPhky thi Puhkiw th dTxyr†khry thcgrsgr uugky/ zh v†y tuhl dgaPhky thi phkngiwsgrubygr thbgo xk†uuTehai jurci-phko Ish er†otuhpi nTrePkT." )5691(w uu†x v†y dguuUbgi shTngrheTbgr I†xeTr"-Prgnhg/ thi 8691w cag, sgrPuhkhagr ITbyhmhubhxyhagr" eTnPTbhgw thz zh nhyinTi Tuugedgp†ri ehhi Tngrheg/

mu sgr tuhxaygkubd uugry dgdrhhy Tithkuxyrhrygr eTyTk†d/ nhr sTbegi guuT tui hux;ckTx tui uuhey†r nTre†uuhya pTr zhhgrcrhhyvTrmhehhy/

ayhe dgzuby: IT jkuo thz nhr neuho dguu†ri/ TzTzgkygbg zTlw auhi kTbd pTrdgxiw thz uuhtuhpdgayTbgi ≤jh,-vn,ho/ nhr uuhky zhl dkhhciw Tzsgr p†ygr agPy bj, pui sgo uu†x zi uugre v†ytuh; x'b sgrzgi sh khfyheg a˙i"/ zh v†y dgz†dy TsTbe sh Tkg uu†x v†ci thr nhydgv†kpi c sgrTrcgy ju. sh tuhci sgrn†byg tuhl s"r sus phanTiwsgr njcr pui sgr vesnvw s"r khzT gPayhhiwuuhxbaTpykgfgr shrgey†r pui hHuu† tui p†rzhmgrhipui sgr tubygrbgnubdw tui s"r vgrak dkgzgrw hHuu†-nhyTrcgygrw uu†x v†y dgkhhgby sh e†rgeyur tuidgv†kpi co rgsTdhri/

muo xu; thz tuhpdgyr†yi s†x 71-h†rheg turthhbhekpui njcrw sgr phskgr nTyhT d†ynTiw uu†x v†ydgaPhky hux; Tjrubx IvgcrgHag ngk†shg"/ ≈ s/T/

05 h†r eTkgsza-hHsha:T bg tuhpkTdg

Fçus pupmhe h†r eTkgsza-hHshaw pui turhtk uubrlw s†x

pTraPrhhyxyg hHshag kgrbculwuugry dgdrhhy T bgw zgexygtuhpkTdgw nhy T bgo Trbphr puis"r hjhtk-Tct )szagprh( aTbskgr)bhu-h†regr tubhuugrxhygy(w bgxyTyhxyhag yTcgkgx pui chbvuubrlw uuhxbaTpykgfgr

nhyTrcgygr thbgo hHuu†w bg p†y†drTphgx pubgohHuu†-Trfhuu tui T bg vhkg pui gsrhTi uux/

thbgo Trbphr arcy s"r aTbskgrw If'v†c muograyi n†k dggpby eTkgsza-hHshazungr 2891w uugif'v†c tuh; sgo zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrl/†bdgvuhci ayushri nTng--kauiw x'kaui pui n˙bgyTyg-nTng tui zhhsg-c†cg/ Pubey Tzuh uuh T xlTbsgrg TngrheTbgr hHsi chi thl mudgeungi mu sgocul mu kgrbgi zhl x'kaui pui n˙bg †çu,w †cgr surln˙i nuygraPrTlw gbdkha"/

s"r aTbskgr uuzy †i tuh; sgow Tz zhby x'thzTruhx thi h†r 9491 bhmy ngi eTkgsza-hHshaFxsrthcgr sgr dTbmgr uugkyw thi T b†fnkjnvshegrxçhçv uu†x thz thi dTbmi Ti Tbsgrgr pui sgrpTrnkjnvshegr/ Is†x uu†x s†x kgrbcul thz TzuhP†Pukgr thz T xhni x tuh; uuhpk sgr hHuu† thzthcgrdgdgci sgo gbhi kgrbgi hHshaw x tuh; shPgsTd†dhag ngku, pui sgo cul co kgrbgi shhHshag aPrTlw khygrTyur tui eukyur"w thz nnahls"r aTbskgr/ bhay b†r bhmy ngi gx thcgr sgrd†rgr uugkyw b†r sh vgcrgHag tuhpkTdg )Ihhshaktubhcrxhyv"w Truhx 7791 surfi hHuu† cau≤pu, nhyinTdbgx-pTrkTd co vgcrgHai tubhuugrxhygy( thztuhl x'uuhfyhexyg kgrbcul pTr hHsha thi hArtk/

Ix'thz T uuhfyheg zTl"w arcy s"r aTbskgrwIuu†x uubrl v†y sgo cTbs sgshehry muuhh suru, ≈'T n≤bv sh Tkgw uu†x c zhhgrg ehbsgr thi nuhk uugyhHsha kgci'/ thz gx T n≤bv th pTr dgcuhrgbg hHsha-rgsgrxw th pTr sh pui tubsz uu†x euei Truhx tuh; sgrdgkgdbvhhy zhl mu kgrbgi hHsha c turhtk uubrfi"/

†y sh bg tuhpkTdg uugy ngi egbgi euhpi pTrivTrcxy-zni 9991/

thsT eTnhbxeh

mk

bg tuhxdTcg]vnal pui z' s[

turhtk uubrl

co nTfi t˙gr muu†v dgsgbey sgohHuu†/ zgyw Tz tubszgrg ehbsgr tuiehbsxehbsgr z†ki zhl kgrbgi tui dgsgbegis†x kauiw dgahfyg tui kgci-ayhhdgr puitubszgr hHshagr nhzrj-thhr†Pg/

hHshag z˙yi

jhshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991

'v†c pTrcrgbdy n˙i uuTeTmhg thi sgryagfhagr rgPuckhew sgrgheray thi Pr†dw tui

zhl tuhl TrhcgrdgfTPy ehhi xk†uuTe zhl†Pdgaygky muuhai Tbsgrg thi Prgac†rdw Phkzi tuiygrgzhi/

uu†x pTr Ti thbygrgx v†y sh dguugzgbgyagf†xk†uuTe pTr vbyheg hHsi? pui T baeavsheiehcu. pTri jurci )vgfgr sr vubsgry yuhzbywTrbdgrgfby eTrPTyi-kTbsw sgn†ky tuhl T yhhk puisgr rgPuckhe( zbgi dgckhci ckuhz rgaykglw bhayngr uuh gykgfg yuhzby/ pubsgxyuugdi thz s†x kTbspuk nhy ngreuugrsheg vhxy†rhag grygr ≈ ahkiwch,-guknx ts"dk/ kuhy T nTPg uu†x sh hHshag evhkvv†y vh†r Truhxdgdgci zbgi s† nna vubsgrygrTzgkfg grygr mguu†rpi thcgri dTbmi kTbs/ sh ahkiuu†x ng v†y bhay thcgrdgbhmguugy ≈ tuh; aukiwygTygrxw ehb†xw nuzhhgi ts"dk ≈ v†ci chz kgmybxtuhl dgvTkyi zhl thi mgpTki/ ehhi dgky tui ehhiTrcgyerTpy tuh; mu rgxyTuurhri zhh thz thi sgre†nubhxyhagr ≤eupv bhay dguugi muo erhdi/

uhvh vhuownTfy zhl s†ryiTi thcgregrgbhatui s†x kTbsuuTrpy Tr†Psgo e†nubhxyhaih†l/ thmy erhdysh hHshag evhkvwuuzy tuhxw ngrbhay ehhinkufhag ayh.wb†r uuh T zTlnTfy zhl ≈f'uuhhx bhay puiuuTbgi ≈ puigrdg. eunydgky murgxyTuurhri/v†y ngiw knakwtuhxrgn†byhrysh druhxgPhkzgbgr ahk )shmuuhhy drgxygthi thhr†Pg(wuu†x uugi f'chi

s†ryi dguugi x'grayg n†kw †bvhhc 08gr h†riw v†ysh ahk bhay dgvTy ehhi Pbho/ vby thz T njhv mueuei tuh; thr: Tk. dkTbmyw x thbguuhhbhew xtuhxbuuhhbhe/ sh prHgr tuhxdgak†dgbg auhci zbgidTbmg/ sgr zk pui sgr s†ryhegr evhkvw rus†k; kuhw

uu†x T sTbe tho v†c thl zhl cTegby nhy sgr ay†ywthz sgruuk dgay†rciw †cgr zi zui v†ythcgrdgbungi sh Trcgy tui dhy vby Tfyubd bhayb†r tuh; sgr ahkw b†r tuhl tuh; sh ch,-guknx thiPhkzgbgr dgdbyw Pubey uuh zi p†ygr cag≤u/ tui Tzuhuuh ng egi zhl s†x thmy pTrdhbgi pTrayhh thlw Tz shprHgr pTruu†exgbg duyg-grygr uugki tuhl v†ci T≤heui/

tuhl sh Pr†dgr hHshag dTx v†y sgrkgcy cgxgrgmyi/ tubygr sh e†nubhxyi zbgi dguugi pTrak†xivgfgr muuTbmhe h†rw Fkunray tuh; rgn†byw shs†ryheg Phbjx-ahkw uuU tuh; sh uugby zbgituhpdgarhci sh bgngi pui vgfgr 000w77 yagfhaghHsi tundgcrgbdyg thi jurciw tui sh aPTbhag ahkwtpar sh agbxygw dgcuhy thi nhyk-nhzrjshei xyhk/b†r bhay kTbd murhe v†y ngi zhh chhsg uuhsgrdggpby/ v†c thlw uu†x f'chi dguugi x'Tfyg n†k thiPr†dw xu;-Fk-xu; zufv dguugi mu zgi Tkg s†ryheghHshag k†eTkiw sgrubygr sgo Tkyi hHshai ch,-veçru,w uuU x'khdy muu"T sgr nvr"k/

ehhi ygrgzhi chi thl dgp†ri muo grayi n†k/ s†ryidgphby zhl s†l sgr e†bmgbyrTmhg-kTdgrw uu†x puitho v†y ngi sgP†ryhry ehhi tuhauuh. mgbskhegryuhzbygr yagfhag tui Tbsgrg hHsi/ s†x aygykcTayhhy pui muuhh pgxyubdgi/ thi sgr drgxgrgr v†cichz sgr nkjnv dguuuhby †ryheg yagfiw v†ci zhh shsyai Truhxdgyrhci tui tuhpdgaygky s†ryi T dgy†pTr hHsi/ nhl v†y dgjhsuayw uu†x co vbyhei y†duuuhbgi s†ryi uuhsgr yagfiw Fngy Tzuh uuh ehhi n†kd†rbhay/ )thi sgr ekgbgrgr pgxyubd dgphby zhl sgrdguugzgbgr kTdgr nnaw uu†x gr thz vby T nhi nuzhh/(

thi Prgac†rd v†y sgr hHshagr nuzhh Tituhxaygkubd uugdi hHshai ayhhdgr )†i druhxg jhsuahopTr tubszgrg khhgbgrx( tui uugdi sgr vhxy†rhg puihHsi thi xk†uuTe )s† zbgi nhr T xl pTeyi dr†sbhay dguugi cTeTby(/ gykgfg p†y†drTphgx puis†ryheg hHsi nhy c†rs tui Ptu,w uuh tuhl sgr pTeywTz sgr eçr pui j,o-xupr dgphby zhl s†ryiw v†ci nhlsgrn†byw Tz chzi jurci thz xk†uuTe dguugi T xlngr T yhhk pui tubszgr hHshagr nhzrj-thhr†Pgwthhsgr sh yagfhag kgbsgr/ )Tdç v†y nhl n˙bg Txk†uuTehag cTeTbygw T dguugzgbg ≤knhsv pui sgrzungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrlw dguu†ky phri muoj,o-xuprx eçrw b†r gr thzw muo cTsuhgriw dguugipTrak†xi ≈ gr dgphby zhlw uuzy tuhxw thi TeTyTe†ncg thi mgbygr ay†y ≈ tui sgo akhxk v†yzh bhay dgegby †Pzufi/(

vhhxy gxw Tz pTr hHsi thz yagf bhay ngr uuh Tnuzhh/ †cgr thi sgo nuzhh thz cphrua FsTh mu p†ri/≈ v/d/

hHshag n†ngbyi cg, T bxhgv ehhi nhyk-thhr†Pg

sh druhxg

Phkzgbgr ahk

f

hHshag z˙yi

YIVO Newsz

If'v†;w Tz mukhci jurci uugki n˙bg zhi gPgxtuhpy†iw nhy gPgx n,ei zi sh uugky/ ng y†r bhayzhmi nhy pTrkhhdyg vgby/ f'v†;w Tz zhh uugki y†i pTrTbsgrg nhy T crhhygr vTbyw uuh tuhl y†i pTr tubszwtuhpvhyi hHshaehhy"/

thr zuiw szaTaw arcy: Is†x thz bhay dguugi x≤oT bxhgv/ nhr zbgi dgp†ri thbgo kTbs pui n˙bgzhhsg-c†cgw gkygr-zhhsgx tui gkygr-c†cgx/ f'v†ctuh; sgo Truhxdgeuey cnal pui jsaho/ xu;-Fk-xu;thz nhr tuhxdgeungi mu zgiw uuU zhh v†ci dgkgcy pTrijurci/ sh nTng v†y nhr sgrmhhky s†x uu†x zh v†ydgvgry pui thr nTngw v†c thl zhl tuhxdgn†kyw uuhx'uugy tuhxzgi/ b†r x'thz dguugi Tbsgra/

Ithbgo bbyi p†ryw uuU x'zbgi tundgcrTfydguu†ri kfk-vPju, 000w05 hHsiw zbgi tuhltundgeungi n˙i gkygr-zhhsg tui gkygr-c†cg/ f†yathl v†c zhh bhay dgegbyw tui sh nTng tuhl bhaywv†c thl s† p†ry sgrphky mu zhh T b†gbyehhyw tuif'v†c pTrayTbgi uu†x zhh v†ci surfdgnTfy/ nhrzbgi dgdTbdgi tuhpi eçr pui sh 000w05w uu†x tuh; thoayhhy T rhzhegr sgben†k/

IT dkhew uu†x f'chi dgp†ri ehhi khyg tui uu†xf'v†c zhl Tzuh †bdgeuey tui †bdgkgrby uugdi sgokTbs"/

yTk kguuhiw gkT kguuhbx y†fygrw thz tuhlnhydgp†ri/ zh arcy: IT dTb. kgci uuhk thl uuhxiuu†x ngr uugdi n˙bg uu†rmkgi/ ehbsuuz pkgd thlsrhhgi yTyg-nTng T e†Pw b†r ehhi n†k bhay erhdiehhi dTbmg gbypgrx/ cg, sgr bxhgv thcgr khyg v†cthl †cgr dgzgi sh Tn†kheg uugky/ sh Tkygp†y†drTphgx pui sgr nTngi nhy thr naPjv zbginhy T n†k kgcgshe dguu†ri/ sh vzgr uu†x zhh v†cithi zhh dguuuhby zbgi dguu†ri T nnau,/ f'v†c thmythcgrdgkgcy sh dgahfyg pui n˙i naPjv/ s†xsgrmhhki nhr uugdi sgo v†y uuy bhay dgekgey/f'v†c dgnuzy Tkhhi zgi sh grygrw uuU x'thz Tk.dgagi/

Is†x zgi sgo bbyi p†ryw uuU tubszgrg thhdgbgzbgi tundgcrTfy dguu†riw s†x dhhi thcgr shTn†kheg hHshag dTxiw s†x zgi sh ahkiw aukiw vzgrwpui sgo thz nhr sh dTbmg dgahfyg kgcgshe dguu†ri/uugi f'v†c dgyrTfyw Tz s† zbgi dgdTbdgi n˙bgnaPjv-dkhsgrw x sh uu†x f'v†c dgvTy sh zfhv zhhmu egbgiw x shw uu†x v†ci bhay sgrkgcy nhl muegbgiw thz nhr surfdgdTbdgi T xerul thcgri kc/

Inhr v†ci dgrgsy nhy sh hHsiw uu†x zbgi dgckhcithi uuhkbg tui e†uubg/ ng v†y zhh dgprgdy pTr uu†x?thl pTrayhh pTr uu†x: uuk zhh uuhkiw Tz hHsi tuihHshaehhy z†ki b†l kgci tungyuo/

ITkg hHsi yhhki sgo zgkci durk/ nhr v†ci T y˙grghHshag hruavw zbgi nhr njuhç s†x mu kgrbgi tuituhpmuvhyiw uuU nhr z†ki bhay uuuhbgi"/

x'dguugzgbg uuhkbgr hHshag h,unho-vuhz

zy uuhxi! dguugzgbg ≤knhshopui sgr hHsha-zungr-Pr†drTo!xu;-Fk-xu; uugy gx zi! T cukgyhi pTr dguugzgbg≤knhsho pui sgr hHsha-zungr-Pr†drTo!

xu;-Fk-xu; T bg. pTr zungr-Pr†drTnbhegx/sgr graygr gbhi: s†x sgrvbyhei sh Tsrgxi-

rahnu,/

tuhc thr zy T dguugzgbgr xyusgby pui sgr hHsha-

zungr Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrl †sgr thr zy thi

e†byTey nhy dguugzgbg xyusgbyi pui Pr†drTow zy

Tzuh duy tui k†zy tubsz uuhxi tgr )zhhgr( vbyheg

e†byTey-thbp†rnTmhgw Trbdgrgfby b†ngiw

Tsrgxw ygkgp†i- tui ygkge†Phg-bungri tui

ckhmP†xy-Tsrgx/ Tphku uugi thr zy auhi thi tubszgr

Tsrgxi-rahnv sTrpi nhr x uuh uuhxi mh ng sTr; tl

Trbbgngi thi sgr cukgyhi-rahnv/

muo cgxyi arcy T ckhmP†xyk hTbek xTkTbyi:

Tbhay egby thr tho sgrdrhhfi surfi ygkgp†iwygkge†Phg †sgr P†xy: 0806Ω642Ω212w gexy' 8316`2981Ω292Ω212 hTbek xTkTbyw 51 uugxy 61xyg dTxwbhu-h†rew b"h 11001w p"a/

[email protected]

hgeç uuxc†rsx

ayushr-eTrygw

hHuu†w 0491/ gr

thz nhydgp†ri

ehhi khyg/

hHshag z˙yi

˙-hubh vh†r v†y gkT kguuhiw sgr Tbyuuhekubd-shrgey†r co hHuu†w dgphry T druPg hHuu†-

ayhmgrx thcgr sgr khyuuhagr rgPuckhe/ x'ruçcTyhhkheyg zbgi dguugi khyuuhag hHsi )pui uuhkbgwe†uubgw aTuuk( †sgr ehbsgr pui khyuuhag hHsi/ s†uuygr crgbdgi nhr sh uugrygr pui gykgfg pui zhh/

hgeç uuxc†rsw pui uuTragw uu†x thz Tbyk†pi ehhiuuhkbg thi h†r 0491 tui sgrb†fsgo pui uuhkbg ehhiTngrhegw arcy: Ithl v†c dguu†ky b†l thhi n†kcTzufi sh Pkgmgr b†l Ti thcgrrx pui eTrdg 06 h†r/sh n†yhuuhrubd ]pui sh Tbsgrg cTyhhkheyg[ thz dguugimu zufi sh auraho ≈ sh uu†rmkgi pui tubszgryrTshmhg"/

r†bT khPmhiw uu†x thrg yTyg-nTng v†ci dgkgcythi e†uubgw thz dgp†ri tui v†y nhydgphry thr zuiwszaTa/ zh arcy: IszaTa ak†py auhi/ n†rdi p†rinhr Tuuge pui khyg/ cag, thl arc sh thmyheguugrygr uuhhi thlw s† k†z thl thcgr T ayhe vTr./thl cTuuhhi yTyg-nTngw zhhgr mgr surfi dTbmi kgci/thl cTuuhhi sh naPjv uu†x thl v†c bhy dgvTyw uu†xthl v†c dgsTrpy v†ci/ thl cTuuhhi s†x kTbsw uu†xuugi bhay sgr jurci uu†ky gx dguugi n˙i vhho/

Iekhhbgrvhhy v†c thl mudgz†dy yTyg-nTngw Tzf'uugk gx ehhi n†k bhay pTrdgxi/ uugi f'v†c nhymuu†bmhe h†r murhe dgz†dy b†l zhh eshaw chi thldguugi mu hubdw f'v†c bhay dguuUxyw uugr f'chi tuinhy uu†xgr uugd thf'k dhhi/ f'v†c ckuhz dgcgyi d†ywTz thf'k zi uugry zhhgrg kuhcuugrygr tui zhhgrkhcaTpy/ T dTbmg uu†l v†c thl dgvTy ekgngbha thivTrmiw gray thmy egi thl zhl Truhxz†di/ n˙i y˙grzubsk ak†py auhi Tzuh ruHe/ f'uuhhxw Tz zi e†P thz shuu†l dguugi thcgrdgpuky/ gr v†y dgkgrby uugdihHshagr dgahfygw hHshai ayhhdgrw sgo jurciw uugdie†nubhzo tui sgo b†fe†nubhxyhai kgci/ f'chi zhfgrwTz uugi gr uugy thi h†ri Truo gx uuhsgr kgrbgiw uugygr gx sgrpTr cgxgr pTrayhhi/ f'uu†ky dguu†ky

uuhxiw mh tho pgki tuhxzhhsg-c†cg Tzuh ayTreuuh nhr/ f'chi zhfgrw Tzf'chi dguugi dgrgfyuu†x f'v†c thonhydgphry Tvgr ehhikhyg/

If'v†c Tk. dgzgi/s†xw uu†x f'v†c prHgrdgnhhbyw Tz x'thz bhayngr uuh T ngåvkgw Tngåv pui yuhzby tuithhi bTfyw v†c thl thmyTkhhi dgzgiw nhy shthhdgbg tuhdi/ s†x uu†xthz dguugi uugk thl ehhin†k bhay †beueiw b†rs†x uu†x x'thz b†l s†thz nhr dgayTbgi pTrsh tuhdi/ nhryago uugk thl T n†k b†l v†ci Tithhbhek tui tho nhyphri Tvgrw thi kTbs pui zbg†çu,/ f'uugk tho crgbdgi muo bbyi p†ryw thbgoh,unho-vuhzw thi sgr vgcrgHagr dhnbTzhgw tuhpidgy†-ch,-guko/ f'uugk tho uuziw uuU x'thz sgr eçrpui n˙i c†cg/ s† dgphbgi zhl sh chhbgr pui tubszgrg†çu,w s† v†y sh grs tbdgzTPy zhhgr ckuy/

Ix'v†y bhay dgsTrpy dgagi/ x'thz †cgr p†rydgagi/ s† thi sgo kTbsw khyg/ s†x kTbs nuzTrhcgryr†di sgo czhui/ n˙i Fgx egi thl gray thmytuhxk†zi/

IT druhxg mhpgrw zgex nhkh†i/ uugy ngi zhh b†lTk. cTuuhhbgi thi 001 h†r Truo? thi 005 h†r Truo? shuugky pTrdgxy Tzuh dhlw Tzuh drhbd/ x'thz T nhtuxgzTl"/

uhshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991

hHuu†-ayhmgrx p†ri thi khygw n†xeuugw hårtk

n

sh druPg tuhpi

bbyi p†ry

sgben†k pui uuhkbgr dgy†

sgben†k pui e†uubgr dgy†

hHshag z˙yi

gr graygr thbygrbTmh†bTkgr uuhxbaTpykgfgrxgnhbTr uugdi hHshagr eukyurw uu†x thz

phrdgeungi pui 02xyi hubh chzi 2yi hukh 9991 thihruakho tui ≤k-†çhç tubygri PTyr†bTy pui hHuu†cau≤pu, nhyi hHsha-†Pyhhk co vgcrgHaitubhuugrxhygy tui nhyi ch,-akuo-gkhfow thz Tsurlnhy druhx vmkjv/

thbgo xgnhbTr v†ci zhl cTyhhkhey TuuTbxhrygdrTsuHr-xyusgbyi/ zhh v†ci zhl thbygbxhuu dgkgrbyuugdi sgr hHshagr khygrTyur tui uugdi sgr nhzrj-thhr†PgHagr hHshagr dgahfyg tui ayhhdgr/ sh†bdgzggbxyg nunjho thi sgo pgks v†ci dgphry sgoxgnhbTr sh xyusgbyi v†ci dgak†xi cTeTbyaTpythhbgr nhyi Tbsgri tui dgvTy T dgkgdbvhhy zhl mucTbhmi nhy sh rfg hårtksheg rgxurxi pTri khnuspui sgr hHshagr khygrTyur tui ayhhdgr/

Tkg kgemhgx tui Tbsgrg Teyhuuhygyi zbgidgphry dguu†ri tuh; hHsha/ sh kgrgrx zbgi dguugi:

› nrsfh Tkyaukgr )vgcrgHagr tubhuugrxhygy(:Ish hHshag eukyur thi x†uugyi-pTrcTbs"› sus phanTi )hHshagr yg†k†dhagr xgnhbTr tui

hHuu†(:Isgr tuhpeuo pui sgr n†sgrbgr hHshagr eukyur

thi nhzrj-thhr†Pg"› anutk eTx†uu )yrhbhyh-eTkgsza(:Ish hHshag eukyur thi muuhabnkjnvshei Puhki"› jbv b†rhl )nhahdTbgr tubhuugrxhygy(:Ish hHshag khygrTyur thi sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyi"› Tçrvo b†uugraygri )vgcrgHagr tubhuugrxhygy

tui ch,-akuo-gkhfo(:Iakuo-gkhfnx uugre"› juv yurbhTbxeh )vgcrgHagr tubhuugrxhygy(:Ish Tkyg hHshag khygrTyur"sgrmu v†y ngi zhl cTegby nhy hHshag arcgrx

tui eukyur-yugrxw uuh tuhl dgdTbdgi tuh; TkhygrTrhai yur thcgr ≤k-†çhç/ sh grayg uu†lzbgi sh khnusho phrdgeungi thi ch,-akuo-gkhfo thi≤k-†çhçw sh muuhhyg uu†l tuhpi vr-vmuphow vgcrgHaitubhuugrxhygyw hruakho/

sgr †Pru; tuhpi xgnhbTr thz dguugi T xlgbyuzhTxyhagr uuh ng v†y zhl dgrhfy/ ngi v†y†bdgbungi srxhe xyusgbyi pui Tfy kgbsgr tui zhhmgyhhky tuh; muuhh druPgx/ sh vum†u, v†cisgrgheray dgsgey sh thbxyhyumhgx uu†x v†ci†rdTbhzhry sgo xgnhbTr/ sgr hHuu† v†y tuhl dgdgcip†r-xyhPgbshgxw T sTbe sgr crhhyvTrmhehhy pui sgrp†ruugryx-Tx†mhTmhgw pui s"r Trb†ks rhyaTrsxw puipTbhg d†ygxpgks-vgkgr tui pubgo x†bhg xyg;-p†bs/

ng v†pyw Tz pui sh cTyhhkheyg thbgo xgnhbTruugy TruhxuuTexi T bgr sur hHsha-kgrgrx tui -dgkgrbyg/ sgr muuhhygr xgnhbTr pui sgo nhi uugryPkTbhry tuhpi h†r 1002 thi sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyi/

YIVO Newsv

b shxek cubshag khsgrubyhew sgo 2yi n˙w thz tubygri PTyr†bTy pubgohHuu† phrdgeungi Ti tubygrbgnubd kFçus sgo

Truhxeungi pui T bgo e†nPTey-shxek pui hHshagTrcgygr khsgr t"y Ithi khcaTpy tui thi dgrTbdk:sh nuzheTkhag hruav pubgo hHshai Trcgygr-cubs"wdgzubdgi pubgi bgo hHshai f†r tui sgo Trcgygr-rhbd-f†r tui shrhdhry pui zkni nk†yge/ †y sh khsgrv†ci sh s†zheg f†ri ≤jhk, dgzubdgi co e†bmgrysgo 52xyi hTbuTr 8991w kFçus vubsgry h†r cubsw7981 thi uuhkbg/

muuhai sh njcrho uu†xzhh phdurhri tuhpi shxek: h/-k/ Pr.w angregeTyagrdhbxehw navcr†sgrz†iw susgsgkayTyw a/ Tb-xehwTçrvo rhhzgiw n†rhxuuhbyaguuxehw n†rhxr†zgbpgks muuhai she†nP†zhy†ri zbgi nhfkdgkcTryw kTzTr uubgrwsus chhdgknTiw hux;runahbxeh/ x†khxyi: jbveuPgr tui sbhtk rTux/ sgrTfyh†rhegr tkhag nk†yge v†y dgzubdgieTyagrdhbxehx Ihudby-vhngi"/

vgfgr muuhh vubsgry ngbyai zbgi dgeungi vgriyhhk khsgr pubgo shxekw T sTbergsg pui shbvkgdTkgrxw sgr Pr†sumhrgr pubgo shxek )x'thhbhek puignbutk PTy tui x'turthhbhek pui hgeç PTy(w uuh tuhlyugo zi dganTeg ehfkgl/ dgphry sgo p†rzh. v†ys"r khzT gPayhhiw sgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr shrgey†rpubgo hHuu†/ tuh; mumudrhhyi s†x shxek v†ci sh f†riPr†pgxh†bgk thcgrrge†rshry sh khsgr thi T xyush†/muzTngi nhyi shxek erhdy ngi T ahhi thkuxyrhrychfk pui 23 zykglw uu†x bgny Tri Tkg uugrygr puish khsgr tuh; hHshaw yrTbxkhygrhry tui thcgrdgzgmytuh; gbdkhaw uuh tuhl b†yhmi uugdi sh njcrho tuie†nP†zhy†ri tui zfrubu, uugdi sgo cubs/ b†l shxekgltui yTangx egi ngi zhl uugbsi muo hHuu†/

thbygrbTmh†bTkgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr xgnhbTruugdi hHshagr eukyur

s

z

hHshag z˙yi

shshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991

go 31yi hubh vh†r thz thi cbhi pui IPTre thxyxhbTd†d" p†rdgeungi T ånjv kFçus sgo cul pui

uuhkbgr arcgr tui sgrmHgr vhra TcrTn†uuhyag"v/ sgr hHshagr †rhdhbTk t"b ppTTrraauuuuUUbbssggbbggddggaayyTTkkyyiithz Truhx thi 8591w nhy T vesnv pui s"rnTex uubrlw sgo sgn†kyhei shrgey†r pui hHuu†/thmy thz Truhx Ti gbdkhag thcgrzgmubdw nhy T bgr vesnv pui s"r sus phanTiw rgsTey†r puihhHHuuuu††--cckkggyyggrrtui uuhxbaTpykgfgr nhyTrcgygr thihHuu†/ sgr yhyk pui sgr gbdkhagr tuhxdTcg thz

tui sgr pTrkTd thz uuhhi-xyhhy-tubhuugrxhygyw thi e††PgrTmhg nhy hHuu†/

sgr dTxyrgsbgr pui sgr ånjv thz dguugi Pr†p'anutk eTx†uu )yrhbhyh-eTkgszaw e†bgyhe†y(/ grv†y sgrmhhky uugdi vhxy†rhai gçr pui khyuuhaihHsbyuo tui sh kgdgbsgx uu†x v†ci Trundgrhbdky shvuhPyay†y pubgo dgchyw uuhkbgw cTeTby thi sgrhHshagr yrTshmhg uuh Ihruakho skhyt"/ s†x culcTayhhy pui T rhh gPhz†si pui njcrx kgci tuis†eungbyhryg p†raubdgi tui thz tbdgyhhky thi phb;jkeho/ sgr graygr jke cTarcy sh Prbxu, tuisgo ayhhdgr kgci pui s†rphag tui aygykag hHsithi grayi pgryk pui 02xyi h"vw zhhgr auugrgv†rguuTbhgw †cgr tuhl zhhgr druhxg dgbhyehhy thisgr Trcgy/ sh aygykag hHsi zbgi dguugi T chxkTbsgra uuh sh s†rphagw †cgr zhh zbgi tuhl dguugish ge†b†nhag cTzg pui sh hHsi thi sh drgxgrgaygy/ sh muuhh ehrmgrg gxhhgi thi sgo jke v†ci muy†iw thhbgr nhy Tfhku, c khyuuhag hHsi tui sgrmuuhhygr nhy hHshag e†k†bhxyi uu†x v†ciTrbdgbungi thi zhhgrg s†rphag vhhngi PxhfhaerTbeg hHsi pui sh Trunheg drgxgrg aygyw kuhy sgrrge†ngbsTmhg pui zhhgrg s†eyuhrho/

thi muuhhyi yhhk pubgo cul rgsy zhl uugdipTrahhsgbg TxPgeyi pui hHshai kgci thi mTrhairuxkTbs thi sh kgmyg h†ri pui 91yi tui †bvhhc 02xyi

h"v/ s†x thz dguugi Ti thbygrgxTbygrthcgrdTbdx-Pgrh†s pui yrTshmh†bgki hHshaikgci mu n†sgrbg ayrgcubdgi tui bgygbsgbmi/

sgr srhygr yhhk pui cul thz Tfr†b†k†dhagr vnal pui muuhhyi/ gr akhxyti T s†eungbyhryg tuhxp†raubd uugdi sgrtuhpphrubd pui sh syag †euPTbyi thiuuhkbgr dgchy cg, sgr graygr uugky-nkjnv/ T eTPhyk zfrubu, t"y ITPrhk-ygd9191" sgrmhhky uugdi tuhpay˙d puiTbyhxgnhyhzo thi sgo eTby thi sh graygh†ri pui sgr bgr Puhkhagr nkufv/ sh

pTrkgmyg yhhkipui cul v†ci muy†i nhy sgrPr†pgxh†bgkgrtuhxchksubd puihHshag hudbykgfgthi Puhkiw T dgchythi uugkfi sgrnjcr thz dguugiygyhe zi dTb.kgci/ sgrkgmygr yhhk thz T xgrhg PgbP†ryrgyi pui phrbshegPgrzgbkgfehhyi thi hHshai dgzgkaTpykgfi kgci thiuuhkbg muuhai chhsg uugky-nkjnu,/

sh y†fygr pui njcrw shbv TcrTn†uuhyaw TkTbdh†rheg chckh†ygeTrhi pui hHuu†w v†y dgrgsyuugdi sgo uuh gx thz tuhpdgeungi sgr dgsTbe pui sgrgbdkhagr thcgrzgmubd tui uuh Tzuh sgr dgsTbe thzpTruuhrekgfy dguu†ri/ thi sh 07gr h†riw uugi shhHshag tuhxdTcg thz dguu†ri tuhxdgagPyw thz auhiFngy bhy dguugi ehhi †bprTdgx uugdi cul/ †cgrsgrpTr v†y zhl cTuuhzi Ti thbygrgx pTri cul thi shgbdkha-rhhsbsheg erzi/ thhbheg p†ragr v†ci mhyhrys†x culw Tbsgrg v†ci gx dgbumy thi sh hHshagkhnusho thi sh tubhuugrxhygyiw tui b†l Tbsgrg v†cidgcgyi thcgrzgmi cTzubsgrg eTPhykgi/ Tzuh thztuhpdgeungi sgr dgsTbe thcgrmuzgmi s†x dTbmg culwcpry Tz gx thz dguugi Ti thsgTkg thcgrzgmgrhi uu†xv†y zhl tubygrdgbungi mu y†i sh Trcgyw juv s†cehiwpTr uugkfgr thcgrzgmubdgi pui hHsha zbgi dguugi Txl ngr uuh Pauy T Prbxv/ sh Trcgy v†y dgsuhgrygykgfg h†r/ sgr uuygrshegr yrhy thz dguugi mudgphbgi T pTrkgdgrw tui nhr )sh y†fygr pui njcrtui sh thcgrzgmgrhi( zbgi dguugi dkhekglw Tz sgrhHuu†w thi muzTngbTrcgy nhy sgo uuhhi-xyhhy-tubhuugrxhygy pTrkTd thi sgyruhy v†ci †bdgbungitubszgr p†rak†d Truhxmudgci sh thcgrzgmubd/ shrge†ngbsTmhg †bmubgngi sgo p†rak†d v†ci dgdgcis"r Tvri bTskgrw sgr sgn†kyhegr uuhxbaTpykgfgrshrgey†r pui hHuu†w tui Pr†p' rptk PTyTH g"vwPr†pgx†r pui hHshagr Tbyr†P†k†dhg tui rgsTey†rpui husTHeT-PuckheTmhgx thi uuhhi-xyhhy-tubhuugrxhygy/ pTr sgr gbsdhkyhegr rgsTemhg puisgo F,ç-hs v†y sgr hHuu† †bdgaygky sgo hubdidgkgrbyi hjhtk-Tct )szagprh( aTbskgr/ s"r bTskgrv†y cTeungi T xyhPgbshg mu sgei sh vumtu, pui sgrkhyTugr-pubsTmhgw uugngbx xgergyTrhi thz pruhPTngkT cruncgrd/ shbv TcrTn†uuhya sgrmhhkyw Tzpui sgo bgo cul thz thr mudgeungi T

T bg tuhxdTcg pui hHuu†

]vnal tuh; z' y[

shbv TcrTn†uuhya c sgr åhnjv

kFçus thr p†ygrx cul

s

Profiles of a Lost World

hHshag z˙yi

˙ Tçhçv Txyrhbxehw sgr bgrvuhPy pui sgr hHuu†-

chckh†ygew thz sh ghersheg guçsvs†x tuhxdr†ci sh tumru, pui sgrchckh†yge tui nTfi zhhe†nPhuygrha muyrhykgl pTrp†ragrx tui pTr dkTy cgkbho s†thi Tngrheg tui thcgr sgr uugky/zh uuhk e†nPhuygrhzhri sgoeTyTk†d tui dgci sgo guko T

muyrhy mu TngrheTbgrw thhr†PgHag tui hårtkshegsTyi-cTzgx/ zh uu†ky tuhl dguu†ky b†l ngrTruhxvgkpi dgbgTk†diw uuh tuhl cTvhkphe zi cozufi thbp†rnTmhgx tuh; sgr uugkyuugc/

If'eue zhhgr Truhx tuh; sgr Trcgy co hHuu†thbgo bgo 'mgbygr pTr hHshagr dgahfyg'"w v†y zhdgz†dy/ Isgr mgbygr uugy mubuhpphri tubygr thhisTl sh hHshag dgahfyg pui Fk ≤pumu, hårtk"/

pr' Txyrhbxeh thz thi sh pTrdTbdgbg gk; h†rdguugi sgr chckh†ygegr pubgo mgbygr pTr vgfgrghHshag khnusho co Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr tubhuugrxhygy/s†x v†y zh surfdgphry s†x e†nPhuygrhzhri sh dTbmgchckh†ygew uu†x thz thmygr sh muuhhyg thi dTbmie†nPhuygrhzhryg druhxg zTnkubd husTHeT thi shpTrthhbheyg ayTyi/ thhsgr zh v†y thcgrdgbungi sgophkTsgkphgr P†xyi thz zh dguugi T nhyTrcgygrthbgo hHshai yg†k†dhai xgnhbTr tui thbgo hubh†iyg†k†dhai xgnhbTr thi bhu-h†re/ zh thz tuhl T yugrhithbgo pTrcTbs hHshag chckh†ygei/

Tegdi IFk ≤pumu, hårtk" sgrmhhky zh w Tz zh thzTkhhi T ayhe I≤pumu, hårtk": Ithl chi tuhpdguu†exithi T prungr ≤k-†çhçgr ayuc/ sgr yTygw T

dgcuhrgbgr thi ≤hniw v†y thi ay†y tuhpdgaygkymuuhh ahki ≈ thhbg T ≤hnbgr tui thhbg T xprshag"/c sgr Trcgy v†y gr zhl tuhxdgkgrby nTng-kauiwuu†x T sTbe sgo v†y gr zhl dgegby mubuhprgsi nhyTçhçvx nTngw T dgeungbg pui uuuhshxkguuw Puhki/ v†ysh y†fygr dgrgsy hHsha nhy sgr naPjv pui nTngxmsw uuh tuhl tuhxdgkgrby zhl s†x ≤hnbgr gçrh,/

d YIVO News

av-zfrhv cgegrw sgr vuhPy pui sgr hHuu†-chckh†ygew v†y dgk†zy uuhxiw Tz zungr 9991

uugy gr thcgrbgngi T bgo P†xyi uuh eurTy†r puihusTHeT tui vgcrgHeT thi sgr chckh†yge pubgoxygbp†rsgr tubhuugrxhygy )eTkhp†rbhg(/ cgegr v†yvgfgr 11 h†r pTrbungi zi P†xyi s†/ prHgr thz grdguugi ygfbhagr chckh†ygegr thi sgr n†byrg†kgrhHshagr p†kex-chckh†yge )1891Ω7891( tui b†l prHgrdgTrcgy thi sgr chckh†yge pubgo hHuu† uuh vuhPy-eTyTk†dhrgr tui dgbgTk†dhagr chckh†ygegr)6791Ω1891(/

b†l thi 1791 v†y zhl †bdgvuhci cgegrx pTrchbsubdnhyi hHuu†w uugi gr v†y ayushry thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrlw uu†x gr z†dyw Tz s†xthz Ickh auo xpe dguugi sh drgxyg thcgrkgcubd puin˙bg hubdg h†ri"/ uugdi zi kTbdh†rhegr Trcgy thbgohHuu† z†dy grw Tz Is†x zi sgr vuhPy-chckh†ygegrthz nhr dguugi T druhxgr Fçus tui T druhxg zfhv/ surlsgr my v†c thl muzTngbdgTrcgy nhy uugryhege†kgdgxw dguugi sgr nnubv thcgr zgkygbgzTnkubdgiw dgTrcgy c Fkgrkhh zhhgr uuhfyhegPr†hgeyiw dguugi T cTTnygr thi muuhh Pr†pgxh†bgkg†rdTbhzTmhgx tui tuhxdguugi T vTkcg uugky" ≈sgrubygr uuhkbgw eHguuw uuTrag tui cugb†x-trgx/ grv†y tuhl nhydgTrcgy co mudrhhyi tui surfphri s†xTrhcgrekci zhl pubgo hHuu†w prHgr pui sgr 5ygrguugbhu thbgo sgruukhei k†eTk tuh; sgr 75ygr dTxtui sgrb†fsgo thbgo bgo Imgbygr pTr hHshagrdgahfyg"w tuh; sgr 61ygr dTx/

bhay-dgeuey sgruh; uu†x cgegr dhhy Tuugew uugygr zhfgr uuygr zi pTrcubsi nhyi hHuu† surl ckciT nhydkhs/ sgrmu e†bxyTyhry grw Tz sh mhki pui sgrPr†drTo pui hHshag khnusho co xygbp†rsgrtubhuugrxhygy Izbgi mudgPTxy mu sh pubgo hHuu†"/sgr r†a pui sgr xygbp†rsgr Pr†drTow Pr†p'xyhuugi mhPgrayhhiw thz yTeg T drTsuHrygr x puisgr zungr-Pr†drTo t"b turhtk uubrlw x pubgonTex uubrl-mgbygr co hHuu†/ pTrbgngi cgegrxP†xyi uuh vuhPy-chckh†ygegr uugy Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh/

nav-zfrhv cgegrdhhy Tuuge pubgo hHuu†

nav-zfrhv cgegr

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go 3yi nTr. v†y s"r guuT dgkgrw TdgrnTbhxyeg thi uuTraguugr tubhuugrxhygyw

dgvTkyi T rgpgrTy t"y Isgr dgrnTb†mgbyrhagrTegdi sgo xkTuu†mgbyrhai mudTbd mu hHsha"/ zh v†yTrundgrgsy sh Fkgrkhh yg†rhgx nFuj sgo tuhpeuopui hHshaw sgrgheray mh hHsha sTr; zi pTrrgfbypTr T dgrnTbhagr mh T xkTuuhagr aPrTl/tuhxdgphry v†y zhw Tz f†ya ng egi bhaypTrrgfgbgi hHsha pTr T xkTuuha kauiw thz †cgr shxkTuuhag vaPgv tuh; nTng-kaui p†ry dguugiayTregr tui yhpgr uuh x'sTfy zhl thi pkud bhay b†rthz sgr uugrygr-tumr nuaPg dguu†riw b†r tuhl shxTng xyrueyur pui sgr aPrTl ≈ sh p†bgyhewp†bgnhew n†rp†p†bgnhew drTnTyhe tui xhbyTex/

rgpgrTy pui s"r guuT dgkgr)uuTraguugr tubhuugrxhygy(

s

Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh ≈ bgr vuhPy pui sgr chckh†yge

Tçhçv

Txyrhbxeh

hHshag z˙yi

˙o 47xyi hHuu†-cTbegy sgo 72xyi TPrhk vh†rthz sgr gher-ygng dguugi vnal/ Ib†l T kTbdgrw

vgkshagr bxhgv v†y zhl sgr hHuu† tundgegryTvhho"w v†y dgz†dy crul-tkh xk†uuhiw p†rzhmgr pubgohHuu†w co cTdrhxi sh 005 dgxy thi v†ygk Phgr/Isgr hHuu† thz sh crhe muuhai tubszgrg pTrabhygbgnhzrj-thhr†PgHag hHsi tui sh vbyheg suru, uu†xpTrthbygrgxhri zhl nhy tho"/

s†ryi v†y zhl ayTre †bdgzgi sgo hHuu†xthcgrdgdgcbehhy sgr hHshagr aPrTl tui eukyur/sgr pTruuTkyubd-nhydkhs n†yk zgknTb†uuhya v†ycTdrhxy sgo guko tuh; hHshaw sgr p†rzhmgr pubgophrgraTpy-p†ruo rhyT kuh tui egyh zhxgxw e†nhygy-nhydkhsw v†ci dgrgsy x tuh; hHshaw x tuh;gbdkha/

sh grbdgxyw uu†x v†ci cTeungi tuhxmhhfgbubdgipTri kgcbx-tuhpyuw zbgi dguugi uu†kygr uuhbgrw sgrdguugzgbgr p†rzhmgr pui sgr cTbe IrgPuckhebTmh†bTk" tui T cTuuUxygr dgzgkaTpykgfgr yugrwtui s"r vgbrh r†z†uuxehw Pgbxh†bhrygr Pr†pgx†rco vTruuTrs-tubhuugrxhygy/

p' uuhbgr v†y sgrmhhkyw uuh zi yTyg thzekhhbgrvhhy Tuuge pui aygyk crgziw dr†sbgr dgdby/Fsh zhl uuhsgr tunmuegri mu zbg naPjv-uu†rmkgiv†y zhl uuhbgr Trbdgy†i thi hHsha-Fkk-yugrw tuimuuhai Tbsgrg dguu†ri T nhydkhs pui sgr hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd/ Is†x yu thl Fsh tuhpmuvhyi sh hHshageukyur"w v†y gr dgz†dy/

s"r r†z†uuxehw T dgcuhrgbgr thi sTbmhe uu†x zinaPjv ayTny pui cTcruhxew uuxruxkTbsw thz zhhgrthcgrdgdgci sgo hHshai p†ke/ gr v†y dgz†dyw TzItpar thz thi cTcruhxe bhay dguugi Tzuh ahhi tuirjçu,shew uuh sgr yTyg pkgd tubsz tuhxn†ki/pubsgxyuugdi thz cTcruhxe c tubsz dguugi sgr

≤nmh, pui vhhow naPjvw hHshaehhy/ zbgi nhr Tkhhi Tayhe 'cTcruhxe'"/

p' xk†uuhi v†y Tkgngi dgsTbey pTri ayhmi sgohHuu† tui sgo bgo Imgbygr pTr hHshagr dgahfyg"/Inhy tgr vhk; uugki nhr vhPa tuhpy†i/ ehhi crhrvv†ci nhr bhayw sgr bgr sur pTrk†zy zhl tuh;tubsz"/

chshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 881 zungr 9991

Pr†drTo co e†kunchT-tubhuugrxhygy/ †y uu†x zharcy ≈ thl mhyhr:

ITzuh uuh sgr P†gy z/ uubPgr v†y dgz†dyw'hHsha thz n˙i kaui'/ tui f†ya gx thz bhay n˙inTng-kauiw tui tuhl bhy n˙i y†d-ygdkgfg aPrTlwv†c thl aygbshe dgphkyw Tz hHsha thz yTeg n˙ikaui ≈ uugrygrw ekTbdgiw tuhxsruei tui nuzhew uu†xkgci yh; thi n˙i vTr. tui banv/

Ithl chi dgcuhri dguu†ri thi T cubshxyhagrnaPjvw puk nhy Teyhuuhxyiw thsgTkhxyi tuiarcgrxw uu†x v†ci zhl thcgrdgdgci mu sgo vnalpui hHshaehhy/ thl chi dgdTbdgi thi sgr Trcgygr-rhbd-auk 41Ω3 tui thi sgo zungregnP 'vnal'/ thlv†c aygbshe nurt dgvTy rgsi hHshaw uuk n˙ihHsha-uu†eTcukTr thz auuTl/ thl uuhk thhi n†k pTrTkg n†k zhl †bvhhci kgrbgi rgsi hHsha pkhxhe tuiyrTfyi tuh; hHsha/ sgr vnal pui hHshaehhyw puin˙i naPjv tui pui n˙bg ehbsgr-h†riw thz thmy n˙iTruhxru; tui n˙i zfhv"/

†y pTr sh hubdg hHsiw pruhgi tui ngbgrw v†y sgrhHuu† dgdgci sh ngdkgfehhyi zhl mu pTrchbsi nhysgo hHshai kaui tui hHshagr eukyur/ dguuhxgngbyai prgdiw IpTr uu†x suuet hHsha?"

nhr z†di cphrua h† ≈ uuk hHsha thz ngr uuh Tkaui/ hHsha thz sh banv pui p†ke/ hHsha pTrbgny TP†zhmhg uu†x v†y bhy thr dkfi thi tubszgrpTrdTbdgbvhhy/ s†x thz sh aPrTl thi uugkfgr gxthz e†bxgruuhry tubszgr dTbmg kgcbx-sgrpTrubdwjfnvw khhsiw z†rd tui v†pgbubd/

sgrhcgrw n˙bg khcg prbsw uuh auugr sgr nmçpui hHsha z†k bhy zi vbyw z†dy sgr hHuu† ≈ bhhi!hHsha nuz kgciw uuk hHsha v†ci nhr khcw Tphku shpui tubsz uu†x egbgi uuhhbhe tubszgr kaui/

sgr hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu†wuu†x uugy thmygr vuhzi muzTngi nhy Tbsgrgthbxyhyumhgx thi T vhxy†rhai eukyur-mgbygr thibhu-h†rew ckcy uuygr T khfyyurgo thi sgrvbymyhegr hHshagr dgahfyg/

z†k kgci sgr hHuu†!z†k kgci s†x hHshag p†ke!

5/1 nhkh†i s†kTr dgaTpi co v˙h†rhei cTbegy

zgknTb†uuhya]vnal pui z' t[

c

MMthl eue Truhx tuh; n˙i †byhhk thi sgr uuhfyhegrTrcgy thi hHuu†"w v†y gr dgz†dyw MMuuh tuhl tuh; sgrdgkgdbvhhy pui b†gbygr muzTngbmTrcgy nhy shTbsgrg drhbsgr-†rdTbhzTmhgx pubgo bgo 'mgbygrpTr hHshagr dgahfyg' tui nhy Tbsgrg †bdgzggbgTeTsgnhag thbxyhyumhgx"/

uugdi s"r rbx' b†nhbTmhg v†y e†ngbyhry crul-tkh xk†uuhiw sgr p†rzhmgr pui sgr hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd:MMs"r rbx v†y T xl yTkTbyi ≈ gr thz th T PgsTd†dwth T p†ragrw th Ti TsnhbhxyrTy†r tui Ti †bphrgr/zbg cehtu, uugki pTrayTrei sgo hHuu† thi T mywuugi nhr cTnHgi zhl tubygrmubgngi bg uuhfyhegPr†hgeyi"/

s"r rbx]vnal pui z' t[

co 47xyi hHuu†-cTbegyw sgo 72xyi TPrhk v˙h†rw zbgi

dgaTpi dguu†ri 5/1 nhkh†i s†kTr/ n†yk zgknTb†uuhya v†y

cTdrhxy sgo guko tuh; hHsha/

x thz nhr dgdgci dguu†ri shPrhuuhkgdhg vby †uuby mu z†di

T P†r uugrygr thi hHsha/ thl rgsmu tlw jauçg pTrzTnkygw thib†ngi pui sgo e†nhygy pui sgocubs-Trfhuu co hHuu†/

sgo kgmyi h†r thz dgpgrydguu†ri sgr 001-h†rhegr huchkguo

pui sgo hHshai Trcgygr-cubs ≈ T dTbmgrh†rvubsgry pui vgr†Hai eTn; pTr sgr x†mhTkgrtui bTmh†bTkgr cTprubd pui sgo hHshai Trcgygr-p†ke T h†rvubsgry pui khhsiw pui ckuy tui puiyrgriw pui tubszgr auugr dgPrUuuyi hHshai p†ke/

tui s†l zgbgi nhr s†! ≈ tui tubszgr vhxy†rhagrdTbd thz pTrthhchey thi sgo cubs-Trfhuuw uu†x thz Tyhhk pui sgo hHuu†/ sgr hHuu† uu†x v†y chz thmyTrbdgarhci T uuUbsgrkgl vhxy†rha eTPhyk thi

tubszgr hHshagr dgahfyg pui tuhpvTkyiw puiPrgzgruuhri tui z†rdguushe †Pvhyi sh gexP†bTyi tuis†eungbyi pui tubszgr bgfyi/

†cgrw Ituhc bhay b†l vgfgr"/// b†l uuhfyhegr uuhs†x thz sh bTmh†bTkg nhxhgw uu†x sgr hHuu† yuyvby ≈ thi zbg cTnHubdgi tbmupkTbmi hHshawtubszgr nTng-kauiw muuhai sh hubdg TngrheTbgr suru,/

k†nhr tl dgci thhi caPhk pui T xlw tuikhhgbgi pTr tl Ti gxhh pui T hubdgr hHshagr pruh ≈thr b†ngi thz shbv dTkgrx ≈ dgarhci yTeg thihHshaw dgahey muo hHuu† nhy Ti TPkheTmhg †bdgbungimu uugri thi sgo hHuu†-hHsha-

YIVO Institutefor

JewishResearch

hHshagr

uuhxbaTpykgfgr

thbxyhyuy ≈

hHuu†

YIVO hshgu,YIVONEWS

hshgu,pui hHuu†

bun' 881

zungr 9991

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

15 West 16th Street,New York, NY 10011

Non-Profit Org.U.S. Postage

PAIDAlbany, NY

Permit No. 164

hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu†

hgrkgfgr cgbgphy/ / / / / / / / / c

Tçhçv Txyrhbxeh`

nav-zfrhv cgegr/ / / / / / / d

TcrTn†uuhya-cul/ / / / / / / / / s

thbygrbTmh†bTkgr xgnhbTr`

shxek cubshag khsgr/ / / / / v

hHuu†-ayhmgrx thi khygw

n†xeuugw hårtk/ / / / / / / / / u-z

hHshag n†ngbyi thi

nhyk-thhr†Pg/ / / / / / / / / / j

eTnhbxeh-tuhxaygkubd`

eTkgsza-hHsha / / / / / / / / y

bger†k†di tui h†rm˙yi/ / / / / h

sgr hHuu† gpby zhl uuhsgr pTr p†raTrcgysgr hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† thz uuhsgr T n†k †pipTr p†raTrcgy ckuhz kuhy cTaygkubdgi/ b†l T cTaygkubdygkgp†bhry 0806Ω642Ω212/ sgr TrbdTbd muo hHuu† co Imgbygr pTrhHshagr dgahfyg" dgphby zhl tuh; 22 uugxy 71yg dTxw muuhai 5ygrtui 6ygr guugbhu/

5/1 nhkh†i s†kTr dgaTpi

n/ zgknTb†uuhya: cTdrhxubd muo hHuu†-cTbegy 9991

]vnal tuh; z' c[

g

thbvTky

s"r eTrk rbx cTayhny dguu†ripTr gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†r

h hHuu†-pTruuTkyubd v†ycTayhny s"r eTrk rbx pTri

bgo gezgeuyhuu-shrgey†r pubgohHuu†/ zi eTsgb. uugy zhl †bvhhcisgo 03xyi tuhduxy 9991/ s"r rbxw† nunjv thi n†sgrbgrthhr†PgHagr dgahfygw thz chzTvgr dguugi sgr xPgmhgkgr dgvhk;

pTr e†nubTkg cTmHubdgi muo Prgzhsgby pubgoTsgkp-tubhuugrxhygy/

]vnal tuh; z' c[

s

hshgu - YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

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