HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 23, 1981

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2709

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 23, 1981 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. James David

Ford, D.D., offered the following prayer:

0 God, as You have promised to be with us always, even unto the end of the age, we pray that Your Spirit would accompany us in all the moments of life-in our laughter and in our tears, in our times of achievement and in our failures, in our attempts toward righteousness and in our weakness. As You have never forgotten us, may we not try to hide from You, that Your love will continue to light our path and lead us in the way, this day and every day. Amen.

THE JOURNAL

The SPEAKER. The Chair has examined the Journal of the last day's proceedings and announces to the House his approval thereof.

Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.

EL SALVADOR: THE POLITICAL DIMENSION-II

<Mr. McHUGH asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks and include extraneous matter.)

Mr. McHUGH. Mr. Speaker, last week I expressed concern that the Reagan administration appeared to be defining the fundamental issues in El Salvador in a manner that obscures rather than illuminates the choices we face. In particular, by overly dramatizing the military threat to the present Government of El Salvador, the administration seems to be downplaying those internal political issues that should be fundamental in shaping U.S. policy toward that nation.

While I am sure that it is tempting for some in the State Department to attempt to fit the conflict in El Salvador into a larger global context, such an interpretation is inappropriate and appears designed to stampede Congress, the American people, and our allies into an uncritical support of increased levels of U.S. military assistance.

The interpretation is flawed because it does not take into account those internal political factors that are fundamental. As the New York Times noted in an editorial last week:

Conditions inside El Salvador, not arms from Moscow and Havana, are the m9.in causes of this revolution. Blaming the Salvadoran explosion on imported arms Js like

blaming the Polish explosion on Radio Free Europe.

American global interests are not well served by a definition of the problem that ignores the fundamental political nature of the conflict in El Salvador, and we can only hope that the administration will revise its course and focus attention on the real causes of the crisis in that nation.

Mr. Speaker, for the benefit of those of our colleagues who may not have seen the editorial to which I just referred, I am inserting a copy into the RECORD at this point: [From the New York Times, Feb. 20, 19811 WHAT NEEDS CONTAINING IN EL SALVADOR

In its attempt to snuff out the flames of revolution in El Salvador, the Reagan Administration is sounding a global fire alarm. It is serving notice on Communist adversaries, Latin neighbors and European allies that any aid to the Salvadoran guerrillas will disturb a nation's relations with the United States. The Soviet Union and Cuba, in particular, are being warned to stay out of a region of primary American influence.

The obsessive nature of this campaign aside, it is a perfectly reasonable objective in today's world. What is far from clear, however, is whether the new Administration understands that a campaign of military insulation needs to serve a deeper political purpose. Secretary of State Haig is managing the alarm bell but there is no sign of anyone yet commanding hemisphere policy in his department.

The civil war in El Salvador seems to be a standoff. The leftist guerrillas' "final offensive" has failed to topple the junta. Yet the junta has only contained, not eliminated, the insurgency. Militarily, it might now preserve itself in power if Washington pours arms and advisers into this small country of over four million people. But that cannot be the sum total of policy.

Conditions inside El Salvador, not arms from Mc;>scow and Havana; are the main causes of this revolution. Blaming the Salvadoran explosion on imported weapons is like blaming the Polish explosion on Radio Free Europe. Unless the junta can demonstrate independence from the old oligarchs who oppose both land reform and any negotiation with disaffected social democrats, it will not be able to govern peacefully.

The price of support for the junta ought to be very plain: its energetic prosecution of the right-wing "death squads" that have contributed as much as leftists to the murder of 10,000 people in the last year. The apparent complicity of some Government forces in the death of American missionaries and failure to find the killers of land-reform advisers make the junta's sympathies highly suspect.

So far the Reagan team, like the Carter Administration, seems to be trying to shore up a frail "center'' -by discouraging rightist coups, promoting land reform and providing low-level military aid to the junta. What is missing in this formula is action against the "death squads" and a genuine political ap-

proach to the democrats among the insurgents.

The military deadlock may permit real negotiations in which other nations, notably Mexico, should be welcome. If the opportunities are lost to military exertions, relations with the democratic nations of the Caribbean would be sacrificed for a very minor dividend Halting aid to the guerrillas can support a political policy that aims to isolate the extreme right as well as the left. It will backfire if it signals only a concern for American global interests without regard for the well-being of the peoples in upheaval.

LEGISLATION TO CHANGE CENSUS ALLOCATION OF SEATS IN THE HOUSE <Mr. FITHIAN asked and was given

permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, I would today advise my colleagues that I am introducing a bill on behalf of our delegation and others to change the formula by which the census allocation of seats in the House of Representatives shall be formed. It does two things. First, it makes numerous changes in the technical nature of the census itself. Many of these are very much needed by the House in reporting to the House and many of these are also requested by the Bureau itself.

The second thing it does is to change the formula of distribution of seats in the House to what is known as the Hamilton-Vinton formula. I would point out that the Hamilton-Vinton formula is the longest used, most used formula for allocation of seats to the House. It has many advantages.

First, it is understandable because it is based on simple mathematical concepts.

Second, of all of the known apportionment methods, it honors the concept of quota more often than any others.

Third, the method is absolutely neutral-and I stress this, Mr. Speaker-it is absolutely neutral toward large and small States, a built-in bias that other formulas contain, including the formu-. la of equal proportions which we now use.

Fourth, the method adheres more closely to the spirit of Baker against Carr, one man, one vote, than other formulas.

This method, fifth, has been used more for reapportionment than any other in American history for very good reason: It is more equitable. It

0 This symbol represents the time of day during the H~use proceedings, e.g., 0 1407 is 2:07 p.m.

e This .. bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.

2710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 deals more fairly with all of the States, regardless of size.

In the present formula the error rate is very high and in this particular case, the error rate is serious.

DEFENSE SPENDING COMMITMENTS

<Mr. PEASE asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing a concurrent resolution which requests that the President call on pertinent member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance and on Japan to meet or exceed their pledges to increase their defense spending.

Defense spending in the United States is escalating by billions and billions of dollars each year. At the same time, some of our NATO allies are making few or no increases, despite the mutual pledge of NATO members in 1977 to increase their respective levels of defense spending in real terms by 3 percent annually.

Several NATO countries did not meet their pledges in 1980. The list includes Belgium, Denmark, Italy, and West Germany. Furthermore, Denmark is projecting no real growth in defense spending over the next 5 years, and Germany is projecting less than a 1-percent real increase. Yet the fiscal year 1982 Carter national defense budget statement discussion of the NATO 3-percent agreement says:

If we are to maintain a credible capability to oppose the Soviets and their Warsaw Pact allies in the future, such increases will continue to be required. Every effort must be made by the United States and its allies to maintain that commitment, even in the face of economic difficulties.

.Japan, although not a NATO ally, has also proved to be very disappointing in its defense commitments. Between 1979 and 1980, Japan decreased its defense expenditures by over a billion dollars. This translates to an 11-percent reduction of its already small base of defense spending.

In spite of enormous economic growth in the past three decades, Japan has continued to rely on the United States for military security. Mr. Robert Komer, former Under Secretary for Policy at the Department of Defense, recently stated:

The American taxpayer has been paying unconscionably for the defense of Japan. We provide the nuclear umbrella, we provide the high seas capability, we're defending their oil.

In reply to such criticism, Japanese officials lamely cite problems such as the antimilitary attitude of their citizens and the restrictions of their constitution.

The Reagan administration has pledged a reduction in spending which includes proposed drastic reductions in foreign aid. But continued tolerance of

negligible defense spending by the Japanese is foreign aid disguised as allied defense moneys.

The Reagan administration has repeatedly forewarned the American people of fiscal conservatism in all areas with the exception of defense. But even in defense, the billions of dollars spent could be significantly reduced or reassigned if international agreements were kept. If our allies had kept their agreements, there would have been almost $2~ billion more available in allied defense moneys in 1980.

I urge my colleagues to support this resolution. The defense and support capabilities of our allies are essential to the world's perception of the United States and what it stands for. The burden of increased military strength cannot rest solely on our shoulders.

NATO MUST DO MORE

<Mrs. SCHROEDER asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend her remarks.)

Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join the gentleman from Ohio in his resolution. This resolution is addressing rhetoric that has been going on for years. This rhetoric must be converted into action.

When my husband was in college, way back in the fifties, research on NATO was his major project. Reading his thesis is very interesting because it says exactly what we are saying now: NATO must do more. The United States has ' been saying NATO allies must do more for so long and for so many years that I do not think our allies ever hear it. I think they just smile and nod knowing we will keep carrying the load. After all the years of this dog and pony show, last year they finally agreed to increase their share by 3 percent. Before you applaud-they have backed off even that minor increase. They just do not believe we are serious.

I think the time has come to say: Enough is enough. We also must say that to Japan and many other of our other allies. The cost of U.S. support to NATO every year is now more than what we were spending during the height of the Vietnam war. We are asking our citizens to do much more. We must ask NATO allies to do much more also. No tokens. Europe may be our first line of defense, but it is their ultimate line of defense.

So I am pleased that the gentleman from Ohio is introducing the resolution. I join him and I hope we say we are really serious; we cannot tolerate 30 years more of rhetoric.

NEED FOR GREATER ALLIED EFFORT TO COUNTER SOVIET EXPANSIONISM

<Mr. LANTOS asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks and include extraneous matter.)

Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, as we witness the opening of the 26th Soviet Communist Party Congress, the aggressive and oppressive forces of the Red army are in Afghanistan, direct or indirect Soviet attempts to further infiltrate our own hemisphere are in full swing, and the fate of Poland is hanging in the balance.

In these perilous times, our Government is correct in calling on our friends and allies to carry their fair share of the burden in our common defense. From Japan through the Middle East to Western Europe, it is the umbrella of security provided by the United States which remains the cornerstone of freedom. I am confident that our newly affluent associates and our old allies will want to join with us in assuming their fair share of the burden of the efforts to contain direct and indirect Soviet aggression.

At the same time we must resume at the earliest possible and appropriate moment the search for meaningful, equitable, and verifiable reduction in strategic armaments-a sword of Damocles which so perilously hangs over us all.

Mr. Speaker, I insert here into the RECORD excerpts from our Deputy Defense Secretary's remarks at the allied military policy conference just concluded in Europe:

ExCERPTS FROM ADDRESS TO U.S. ALLIEs WASHINGTON, February 21.-Following are

excerpts from remarks prepared for delivery by Frank C. Carlucci, Deputy Secretary of Defense, to a privately sponsored annual military policy conference in Munich, West Germany, and made available by the Defense Department here today:

Some of the challenges that confront us in the 1980's are those that forged our alliance in the 1940's-the menacing and continuing growth of Soviet military power in Europe. Yet, in many ways, the context for even these familiar challenges has changed. The Soviet buildup in Europe clearly exceeds any rational requirement for defense. It bears all the marks of an offensive military capability, consistent with Soviet military doctrine.

This steady and cumulative expansion of conventional chemical and theater nuclear forces has been accompanied by a long-term and major shift in the strategic nuclear balance, from one of unquestioned U.S. superiority to essential equivalence, and the prospect, if appropriate steps are not taken, of possible inferiority. The twin results of this shift are that the United States no longer enjoys a strategic edge to compensate for other deficiencies and that Soviet ability to use the threat of conventional force for political purposes could be significantly en-

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2711 hanced. On all levels of military capability, are contributing their fair share of the the trends are ominous. common burden.

FAILURES OF THE PAST

Neither Europe nor America has devoted the resources necessary to meet our agreed defense goals. Many of the NATO force goals have not been achieved and many long-term defense program measures are far from full implementation. Further, neither we Americans nor Europeans have been sufficiently engaged in the search for ways to protect our common interests in the Persian Gulf and other areas.

All too often in the past we have talked of consultation and acted on our own.

Europe is no longer shattered, impoverished and disunited. Indeed, Western Europe's total G.N.P. exceeds that of the United States. In this situation, the United States cannot be expected to improve and strengthen U.S. forces in Europe unless other Allies increase their own contribution to the combined defense effort. Nor can the United States, unaided, bear the burden of promoting Western interests beyond Europe.

We are unequivocally committed to a major and sustained increase in military capability and therefore in defense spending.

A MORE DURABLE FRAMEWORK

We are equally determined to demonstrate to old allies and to potential friends alike the reliability and value of American friendship. In key areas of the world beyond Europe, we will begin to build a more durable framework of relationships designed to enhance the security of those regions.

We intend to demonstrate a realistic approach to arms control, to ensure that arms control will serve our security needs and that our approach to negotiations is guided by a realistic strategy.

We are confident that our European allies will want to join with us in assuming a fair share of an enhanced effort within Europe itself.

The harsh realities confronting us, however, dictate even greater efforts by all in the future. There is a critical need to strengthen the conventional force structure in Europe. This requires substantial additional resources, rather than more rhetoric or disputes about percentages. We should place more emphasis on specific force increases and defense improvements.

NEED TO SHARE BURDEN

The threat to vital Western interests in key areas, such as the Persian Gulf, can be met only if all concerned share the burden and find new ways to make greater contributions in support of our common interests. Western Europe's stake in the security and stability of the Persian Gulf is enormous and well-recognized. What is perhaps less well understood is the great contribution the Western European members of the alliance could make to help protect the security of this region so vital to them.

Force deployments in Southwest Asia by the European members of the alliance, together with supporting facilities, should be strengthened and coordinated with U.S. military activities in the region.

We want to .be able to say that a new awareness has arisen in the alliance, a new consensus to give first priority to the defense of freedom. We will want to explain that, on both sides of the Atlantic, we share a new sense of realism and have mustered the political courage to reverse the downward drift in our common security. We want to demonstrate that our ~es and friends

0 1210

INCREASED "USE AND FLEXIBILITY OF INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS NEEDED NOW <Mr. MOORE asked and was given

permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.) -

Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I introduced on January 23, 1981, H.R. 1250 and am circulating a dear colleague letter asking all Members of Congress to cosponsor it with me. This bill is a most needed savings incentive measure increasing the use and flexibility of individual retirement accounts.

One of the organizations working with me, the American Council of Life Insurance, had a telephone survey conducted from January 20 through February 8, 1981, by Roger Seasonwein Associates, Inc., of New Rochelle. N.Y. The survey was of 1,000 American adults all across the country. The survey produced very important attitudinal evidence in support of the concept of H.R. 1250.

Sixty-three percent of those questioned felt that they were saving too little and 72 percent felt their savings were inadequate for retirement. Seventy-two percent of those questioned favored allowing a tax deduction for retirement savings for employees currently covered by pension plans. Such persons cannot now have an individual retirement account according to the current law, but could under H.R. 1250.

Fifty-one percent of those interviewed said they were saving nothing for their retirement years. A substantial number, 44 percent, felt that it was not going to be possible for them to be able to retire at age 65. An impressive 89 percent of those questioned felt that current tax policies are preventing persons from saving money. Based on the results of the poll, it was indicated that 47 percent of working adults who are presently covered by pension plans would avail themselves of an individual retirement account if the law was changed to allow them to do so and would make an average contribution of $617 a year to such a plan. The pollster computed that this represented a potential increase in savings for this country for retirement just from this segment of the population of $11.3 billion per year. It should be noted that this poten

tial is based on the current $1,500 taxexempt contribution level whereas H.R. 1250 raises that figure to $2,000. It also does not take into account those persons who are not covered by a private pension plan and who either have an IRA now and will probably in-

crease the contributions from $1,500 to $2,000, or those persons who are not covered by pension plans and do not now have IRA's but might well do so after the passage of this bill due to its increased limits and flexibility. Therefore, the potential would seem to be now well in excess of the $11.3 billion in potential new savings estimated by this poll.

I wanted to share this information with you as I think it is important evidence in support of this concept of savings incentive. I urge you join in cosponsoring this bill with me. Senator JoHN CHAFEE has introduced the same bill on the Senate side <S. 243) and hearings will commence on February 24, 1981, before the Savings, Pension, and Investment Policy Subcommittee, which he chairs, of the Senate Finance Committee.

REAGAN TAX PROGRAM DOES NOT HELP THE RICH AND SOAK THE POOR <Mr. WALKER asked and was given

permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.)

Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, some critics of the President's economic reform program have contended that it is a program which cannot be passed because it tends to favor the rich as opposed to the poor.

Mr. Speaker, such a contention is a phony. It is a distortion of the facts. Mr. Speaker, some figures that I have developed indicate that under the President's program-if it is allowed to be put into effect as the President has defined it-those making over $50,000 per year will, by the end of the time the program is in effect, be bearing more of the tax burden than they are today; and those who are in the lower income range will be bearing less of the tax burden.

That is precisely the kind of program the American working people have wanted in this country for a long, long time. It is precisely the program the President has sent forward. It is time that we get about enacting that program.

To say that this is a program that favors the rich is to deceive the working people of this country. I think it is time that we stop deceiving them and start working on a tax program that will do them a lot of good.

APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA · The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the

provisions of section l<2>, Public Law 94-399, the Chair appoints as members of the Temporary Commission on Financial Oversight of the Dis-

2712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 trict of Columbia the following Members on the part of the House:

Mr. DELLUMS of California; Mr. DIXON of California; and Mr. McKINNEY of Connecticut.

APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the

provisions of section 5(b), Public Law 93-642, the Chair appoints as members of the Board of Trustees of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation the following Members on the part of the House:

Mr. SKELTON of Missouri, and Mr. TAYLOR of Missouri.

APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF BOARD OF VISITORS TO U.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the

provisions of section 194(a), title 14 of the United States Code, the Chair appoints as members of the Board of Visitors to the U.S. Coast Guard Academy the following Members on the part of the House:

Mr. GEJDENSON of Connecticut, and Mr. McKINNEY of Connecticut.

CUT STAFF BUDGETS The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.

DANIELSON). Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. CoLLINS) is recognized for 60 minutes.

Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, President Reagan has proposed a new economic plan for this country which contains many cuts in spending by the executive branch of Government which are designed to help reduce inflation. Before we consider Mr. Reagan's proposals, it ·is important that we move to cut waste in our own House. The growth in the funding of congressional committee staffs needs correction immediately. How can we talk of cutting waste in other programs when the worst examples of overspending in the Government are the excess investigative staff members on House committees?

Let me make very clear what I am talking about. I am not speaking about the 18 personal staff that each of us are allowed. Together these employees number up to 7,830 people that may assist us in the preparation of legislation. I am making no proposal to cut these members of our personal staffs. All but 2 of the committees are granted 30 statutory staff to perform committee business. I am not proposing cuts in the 757 statutory staff we now employ. On top of these statutory staff, committees hire investigative staff whose salaries are provided via funding resolutions. The fact that

these additional staff are called investigative is misleading. It is not required that they perform investigative work. They are just additional committee staff on the public payroll in positions that should not exist.

The number of staff has exploded in the last few years. In 1973 there were 570 investigative staff and 308 statutory staff. By 1979, the number of statutory staff had grown to 738. This would appear to eliminate the need for any growth in investigative staffing during the same time. On the contrary, investigative staffing ballooned from 570 to 1,221 from 1973 to 1979.

Although committees have had similar workloads in past years, let us look at Federal paperwork. The Federal Register printed 35,572 pages in 1973 but this rose to a staggering 87,012 pages in 1980. The Feqeral Register contains documents · other than rules or proposed rules that are applicable to the public. Notices of hearings and investigations, committee meetings, agency decisions, and rulings, delegations of authority, filing of petitions and applications, and agency statements of organization and functions are examples of items published in this record. Overgrown staff created this added Federal activity to justify their staff positions.

Is is also interesting to note that two committees-Appropriations and Budget, which authorize spending for hundreds of agencies and departments, are allowed to have more than 30 statutory staff. The budgets of these committees are not reviewed by the full House. Not surprisingly, these committees are near the top of the list when it comes to staffing and spending.

Last week the Subcommittee on Accounts began reviewing the funding resolutions for the other committees. The early returns are not good. Committees are requesting, and the Subcommittee on Accounts is recommending higher funding levels than before. It is time to take a close look at each committee and determine the proper investigative staff levels and appropriate amounts for each of the funding resolutions.

Only three committees are behaving in a frugal, commonsense mannerArmed Services, Veterans' Affairs, and Standards of Official Conduct. These committees should stick to their 1980 funding amounts.

My own committee, Energy and Commerce is a good place to start looking for possible cuts. Frankly, my committee is vastly overstaffed. In 1974, 58 staff were employed by Energy and Commerce, yet I recall that we were more than adequately staffed at that time. Our latest figures from 1980 show that Energy and Commerce employs 146 total staff at this time.

I propose that 73 investigative staff be cut from my committee. We would still have 73 total staff. We would have a 25 percent increase over the 1974 staffing level.

Two years ago I served on the Oversight Subcommittee in Commerce. Thirty-one staff served the Democrats, while the Republicans had one staff member. It would be much more efficient if these staff were all cut, allowing the membe::'S to rely on oversight from their subcommittees.

This year in the Telecommunications Subcommittee, the Democrats have asked for 18 staff. The Republicans requested one person. By reducing the 1980 funding level by an amount proportionate with my proposed staff cuts, $2,359,914 can be saved.

In 1974 the Agriculture Committee had 22 employees on its staff. The investigative expenditures for the full committee in 1974 were but $145,905. Today Agriculture has 3)12 times the staff with 70 employees. In 1979 the committee spent over $1,000,000 in investigative expenditures.

Thirty five of the investigative staff must be cut. Expenditures should be reduced accordingly. A move to reduce the number of subcommittees to five would facilitate these cuts.

The staff of the Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Committee are as prosperous as they are numerous. In November 1980, no less than 35 of the staff of this committee drew salaries over $30,000 per year; 9 commanded over $50,000 annually. The number of staff on the Banking Committee has nearly doubled since 1973-from 51 to 96.

We should cut back three-quarters of this increase, including a proportionate amount of the high-priced talent. This measure would result in a savings of over $1,200,000 from the 1980 funding level.

The District of Columbia Committee is a classic example of overstaffing. Since the District was given home rule in 1974, the Senate has only had a subcommittee dealing with the District of Columbia. Only seven Senate staffers work in this area. Our District of Columbia Committee employed 41 staff in 1980.

This committee should rightfully be only a subcommittee under Government Operations. I endorse the immediate elimination of the 11 investigative staff positions on this committee. This saves $289,670 but it is still over four times the staff which the Senate has in this area.

No committee has had a staff which has been bloated for a longer period of time than Education and Labor. Congressional awareness of this fact was such that the funding resolution for this committee only carried by 26 votes in 1980.

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2713 There is no logical reason that this

committee should have more staff than Armed Services' total of 50. However, Education and Labor employed 135 total staff in 1980.

A drastic cut is needed to get this committee in line. If 85 investigative staff were cut, the committee would still have 50 staff, yet over $2,000,000 would be saved. It is interesting to note that this committee reported fewer bills in the 96th Congress than did Armed Services although it had nearly triple the staff.

We faced as many problems in Foreign Mfairs in 1974 as we do now. Although the war was over, we were still heavily involved in Southeast Asia. However, the Foreign Mfairs Committee of the House had only 41 staff in 1974. Today the number is 85, although the committee reported fewer bills in the 96th Congress than it did in the 92d.

The committee could be allowed a 25-percent increase over 1974 while still cutting 34 investigative staff. Such a move would save over $1,100,000 of the committee's 1980 appropriation of over $1,800,000.

Unlike many committees that have shown sharp increases in staff levels in the past few years, the Government Operations Committee has been large for some time. In 1980, the committee employed 67 investigative staff-including 17 who each drew $40,000 or more annually. This figure was an increase over previous years although the number of bills reported by the committee took a sharp dip in the 96th Congress.

In this period of general review, I feel the Committee on Government Operations could eliminate one-third of its total staff-29 investigative staff-and reduce the amount of its funding resolution from over $2,400,000 in 1980 to $1,400,000 in 1981.

Currently, the House Administration Committee runs the House Information Systems. HIS now employs over 200 people, yet its computer services are nearly identical to those offered by the Library of Congress. HIS should be dismantled, while its useful functions are absorbed by the Library of Congress and Office of the Clerk. This would result in a savings of several million dollars.

The workload, in terms of bills reported, for the Interior and Insular Mfairs Committee dropped by 50 percent during the 96th Congress. However, its staffing did not follow suit. This committee should be reduced to a level only 25 percent above its staffing level in 1974. This cut of 19 investigative staff would translate into a dollar reduction of over $600,000.

The Judiciary Committee had need for a large staff during the Watergate hearings several years ago. However, this committee never returned to its

pre-Watergate staff levels. Currently the committee employs 80 staff compared to only 44 which it found necessary as recently as 1973.

This committee should cut over $550,000 from its investigative budget while cutting staff by 20. This would still allow a 50-percent increase in staffing since 1973.

In 1974, just 7 years ago, the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee had only 22 total staff. In 1980, the number was 88. This was 38 more staff than was employed by the Armed Services Committee, which has jurisdiction over the entire defense budget.

I propose that 55 investigative staff be cut from Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and that its funding be reduced proportionally. Over $1,500,000 could be saved while still allowing the committee to increase its staff size by 50 percent since 1974.

Although the Post Office became quasi-independent in 1974, the Post Office and Civil Service Committee has continued to increase its staff. Democrats now have 32 investigative staff on this committee; Republicans have but 4.

Since this committee's workload has been reduced, I feel that it would be proper for the committee to cut from investigative staff the 22 staff added since 1974. This would be but a step toward the efficient way the Senate handles this area, but would save over one-half a million dollars from the 1980 appropriations.

The Public Work and Transportation Committee is currently spending over $2,500,000,000 dollars. This figure has been increasing although the number of bills referred to the committee has dropped from 7 46 in the 92d Congress to 473 in the 96th Congress. During that period of time, the committee has added 11 new employees.

The Public Works investigative staff should be cut so that the total staff figure is back to the . 1974 level-11 must be cut. The investigative budget should be reduced by a proportionate amount.

The Rules Committee is another prime target for cuts. As James Kilpatrick pointed out in his syndicated news column, in 1950 when he came to the Hill the Rules Committee had three employees on its staff. As late as 1973, this committee had seven staff. I suggest this committee eliminate its entire investigative staff. It could quadruple its staff from 1973 without even using up its 30 statutory staff. This would result in a savings of $530,000 from 1980 appropriations.

Science and Technology is another committee which has tripled its total staff in the last 6 years. Total authorizations for "inquiries and investigations" for this committee grew from $790,000 for the entire 92d Congress to $3,496,800 for the 96th Congress.

I propose reducing the investigative staff of this committee from 60 to 15. This would still allow for a 50-percent increase in total staffing from the 1974 figure of 29 to 45 when statutory staffers are considered. This measure would result in a decrease in the funding resolutions of $1,422,600 from 1980 figures.

The Small Business Committee is ·that in name only. Its expenditures are big business amounting to over $700,000 in 1979. This committee has seen its staff grow from 27 to 55 during the period from 1975 to 1979. However, the committee was referred fewer bills in the 96th Congress than in the 94th-80 compared to 96. This committee only reported 14 bills in the entire 96th Congress.

The Small Business Committee should be reduced back to its 1975 level. All of the investigative staff should be cut. The great majority of the investigative budget can then be eliminated.

Another committee with a highpriced staff is Ways and Means. When Wilbur Mills chaired this committee in 1974, it employed 31 total staff. The latest figures I could obtain from 1980 show a total staff of 90 for Ways and Means. Five of these executive investigative staffers make over $50,000 per year.

Large cuts could be made in this committee if each member was not given his own personal staff member. I favor cutting 51 investigative staff from Ways and Mea.nS. More than $1,800,000 could be saved from 1980 appropriations while allowing the staff to increase 33 percent over 1974 figures.

As we consider these important cuts, let us remember that investigative spending has increased by a factor of seven in less than a decade.

During the time that this staff explosion has occurred, let us review the ratio of minority investigative staff/ majority investigative staff. In Foreign Mfairs there are 3 Republican and 47 Democratic staffers. In House Administration the ratio is 60 Democratic staff to 1 Republican for investigative staff. The figures for District of Columbia, Government Operations, and Judiciary are very similar. These ratios contrast with the 44 percent of the House which are Republican members.

These excess committee staffs are also promoting unnecessary legislation which results in Congress being in session longer, and Americans having to deal with more redtape.

The President is trying to cut areas of the executive branch that are loaded and counterproductive. We must do the same. Let us make these necessary cuts in committee staffs.

2714 COMMiillE ON AGRICULTURE

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE

February 23, 1981 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent Congress Congress increase Congress Congress increase Congress Congress increase

BACKGROUND Staff:

Investigative.. ............................... 1973- 9 1980-40 Total... ........................................ 1973-20 1980-70

Cost: Investigative authorization............... $250,000 $2,272,000

1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative................................. $108,175 $1,011,711 Total........................................... 375,027 1,996,218 Salaries....................................... 104,473 1 572,409

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 35 to level of 5. Reduce budget request by $1,091,300 to level of $155,900. •

' Includes minority subcommittee. • From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON BANKING

BACKGROUND Staff:

344 Investigative................................. 1973-40 1980-116 250 Total........................ ................... 1973-56 1980-146

Cost: 809 Investigative authorization............... $1,474,000 $7,458,000

1973 1979

Expenditures: 835 Investigative ................................. $810,267 $3,410,593 432 Total........................................... 1,529,719 4,414,099 448 Salaries······································· 740,529 137,122

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 73 to level of 43. Reduce budget request by $2,359,914 to level of $1,390,086. 1

1 From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS

BACKGROUND Staff:

190 Investigative................................. 1973-29 1980-51 161 Total........................................... 1973-44 1980-80

Cost: 406 Investigative authorization............... $800,000 $2,838,676

1973 1979

Expenditures: 321 Investigative ................................. '$370,903 $1,197,935 188 Total.... ....................................... 954,810 2,273,668 324 Salaries......................... .............. 1339,634 1,046,591

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 20 to level of 31. Reduce budget request by $551,638 to level of $855,039.2

11972. •From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE

76 82

255

223 138 208

92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent

92d 96th Percent Congress Congress increase

Congress Congress increase Congress Congress increase

BACKGROUND Staff:

In~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: Imj~ 1~~t~~ Q)st:

Investigative authorization............... $1,518,500 $5,004,887

. 1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative................................. $904,130 $2,190,746 Total........................................... 1,200,588 2,991,829 Salaries....................................... 823,529 2,012,732

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 32 to level of 35. Reduce budget request by $1,222,824 to level of $1,337,463.'


COMMITTEE ON DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

BACKGROUND Staff:

60 ~0:~~~~~::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::: mt~~ mt~~ 88 Qlst:

230

142 149 144

Investigative authorization............... $936,582 $3,620,923

1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative................................. $476,985 $1,514,153 Total............... .................... .. .. .... 791,409 2,538,260 Salaries .......................... ............. 439,324 1,402,634

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 34 to level of 22. Reduce budget request by $1,138,467 to level of $736,655.'


COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS

BACKGROUND 81 Staff:

143 }~:~~~-~~:::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::: ::::: 1973-12 1980-58 1973-22 1980-88

287 Cost: Investigative authorization •.............. $519,000 $3,176,245

1973 1979

217 Expenditures: 220 Investigative................................. $203,086 $1,467,191 219 Total.. ......................................... 442,409 2,959,945

Salaries ······································· 181,052 1,262,618 RECOMMENDATION

Reduce investigative staff by 55 to level of 3. Reduce budget request by $1,595,162 to level of $87,009. 1

'from 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND CIVIL SERVICE

383 300

512

622 487 597

92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent Congress Congress increase Congress Congress increase 92d 96th Percent

Congress Congress increase

~ ~~ ~ Investigative ............................. .... 1973-21 1980-11 -91 Investigative.. ............................... 1973-47 1980-67

BACKGROUND

Total........ ................................... 1973-34 1980-41 21 oJtal........................................... 1973-58 1980-86

Cost: $604,670 42 Investigative authorization... .......... .. $1,832,600 $3,620,923 Authorized investigative funding ....... _$_2_50'-,000----'-----

1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative.............. ...... ............. $251,942 Total. ................................. ......... 570,546 Salaries....................................... 244,559

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 11 to level of 0. Reduce budget request by $289,670 to level of 0.


$251,531 ·······•····· 1,122,659 96

232,586 -5

COMMiillE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR

1973

Expenditures: Investigative .................... ..... ........ $147,294 Total...................................... .. ... 1,231,077 Salaries....................................... 861,070

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 29 to level of 38.

1979

$496,661 2,503,073 1,669,482

Reduce budget request by $1,071,226 to level of $1,403,675.'


COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR

BACKGROUND 43 Staff: 48 Investigative................................. 1973-33 1980-36 9

Total..................................... ...... 1973-44 1980-55 25 99 Q)st:

Investigative authorization ............... _$1_,0_56_,000 __ $1_,8_00_,00 ___ 70

1973 1979

237 Expenditures:

~~ i~-~~::::::::::: :::::::: ::::: ::::::: :: 1nm 1~m:m RECOMMENDATION

Reduce investigative staff by 22 to level of 14. Reduce budget request by $580,556 to level of $369,444. 1

•From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION

50 122

57

92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent Congress Congress increase

BACKGROUND Staff:

Investigative................................. 1973-83 1980-106 Total........................................... 1973-95 1980-135

Cost: Investigative authorization............... $2,478,000 $4,939,500

1973 1979

Expenditures:

}~~~:::: :: ::::::::::: :::::::::::::::: $l:~~:H~ $~:m:~rz Salaries....................................... 986,067 1,761,222

RfCOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 85 to level of 21. Reduce budget request by $2,022,358 to level of $499,642. 1


28 42

99

80 101 79

Congress Congress increase

BACKGROUND Staff:·

Investigative ................................. 1974-31 1980-41 32 Total ........................................... 1974-41 1980-70 71

Cost: Investigative authorization ............... $704,000 $2,516,679 257

1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative ................................. $497,993 $1,140,500 129 Total ...............•........................... 817,638 2,386,666 189 Salaries .....•................................. 407,668 985,879 142

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff '1s 19 to level of 22. Reduce budget request by 10,168 to level of $706,511. 1

'from 1980 funcing 1M!.

Congress Congress

BACKGROUND Staff:

Investigative •...........................•.... 1973-52 1980-53 Total ........................................... 1973-64 1980-83

Q)st: Investigative authorization .. ." ..•......... $1,871,560 $3,740,000

1973 1979

Expenditures:

}=~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::: : $1,060,058 $1,613,061 1,389,830 2,649,586

Salaries .•..•.......•..•..............•..•..... 934,295 1,459,887 RfCOMMENDATION

Reduce investigative staff by 11 to level of 42. Reduce budget request by $388,113 to level of $1,481,887.1

• From 1980 fllldng level.

increase

2 30

100

52 90 56

February 23, 1981 COMMiffiE ON RULES

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2715 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS-Continued

92d 96th Percent 92d 96th Percent Congress Congress increase Congress Congress increase

BACKGROUND Staff:

Investigative ..........•.•.................... Total .......................................... .

1973-0 1973-7

REOOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff ~ 50 to level of 11.

mtl~ ........ SOO Reduce budget request by 1,845,902 to level of $406,098. •

Cost: Investigative authoriz.ation ..•............ __ $:....:5,_000_.:....$1.:._,134:....:'.:....000 __ 22....:...,500_


1973 1979

Expenditures: 0 1220 Investigative................................. '$1,744 2$779,660 44,605

AMERICAN PEOPLE LOOKING TO CONGRESS FOR LEADERSHIP

Total........................................... 150,000 1,136,509 658 Salaries.................................... ... •o 2465,000 ............ .

REOOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 17 to level of 0. Reduce budget request by $530,000 to level of $0.

'92d Congress. '96th Congress.

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Staff:

92d Congress

BACKGROUND

96th Congress

Investigative.......... ....................... 1973-15 1980-60 Total............. .............................. 1973-27 1980-90

Cost: Investigative authorization............... $790,000 $3,496,800

1973 1979

Expend'rtures: Investigative ................................. $328,987 $1,519,806 Total........................................... 633,500 2,571,117 Salaries....................................... 284,688 1,318,171

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 45 to level of 15. Reduce budget request by $1,422,600 to level of $47 4,200.•

•From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS

Percent increase

<Mr. DAUB asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.) ·

Mr. DAUB. Mr. Speaker, I want to say to my colleague, the gentleman from Texas <Mr. CoLLINS), that I thought his remarks were well constructed, and the point made is one which I hope everyone takes heed. The American people are indeed looking for this Congress to set the exam-

300 pie, and that will offer true leadership. 233 So I wish to commend the gentleman 343 from Texas <Mr. CoLLINS) for his very

appropriate remarks.

362 STATEMENT REGARDING IN-305 TRODUCTION OF THE YOUTH 363 EDUCATION AND WORK OP

PORTUNITY ACT The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under

a previous order of the House, the gen-tleman from Vermont <Mr. JEFFORDS), is recognized for 5 minutes. • Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing, with Mr. PERKINs

92d 96th Percent and Mr. GOODLING, the Youth Educa-_________ Con_gress ___ Con_gress __ i_ncr_ease_ tion and Work Opportunity Act. This

essential legislation will extend and Staff: BACKGROUND consolidate the youth employment

Investigative ................................. 1973-(') 1980-24 ............. programs authorized under title IV-A Cos~~tal......... .... ........ ...................... 1973- ( ') 1980-55 ............. of the Comprehensive Employment

Investigative authorization............... $928,000 $1,528,650 65 and Training Act, and link these pro-1973 1979

Expenditures: Investigative................................. '$331,360 $734,802 Total ... ........................................ 611,109 1,231,665 Salaries....................................... 433,043 622,681

RECOMMENDATION Reduce investigative staff by 24 to level of 0. Reduce budget request by $676,000 to level of $100,000.'

•Committee was not a standing committee until1975. '1975. •From 1980 funding level.

COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS

grams with remedial education programs of secondary schools in targeted

122 areas thoughout the country. Except

101 for a few minor changes, this is the 44 bill that overwhelmingly passed the

House on a 337-to-51 vote last August, and that had received the unanimous endorsement of the Republican Policy Committee. This bill joins education with employment and training programs for youth in a unique combination that can resolve the problems of youth unemployment. . Youth unemployment is now higher

92d 96th Percent than at any time over the past 4 years. _________ Con--=gress~--Con--=gress~_increase __ The jobless rate for youth was 19 per

cent in January. If we let this condition continue, our Nation will pay a BACKGr!OUND

Staff: Investigative................................. 1973-74 Total........................................... 1973-31

1980-61 1,425 heavy economic and social cost by gen-1980-90 190 erating a future work force that

Cost: Investigative authorization .............. .

Upencitures: Investigative ................................ . Total .......................................... . Salaries .... ,., .............................. ..

$75,000 $4,252,000 - 5,569 simply cannot do the job. We will have 1973 1979 relegated an entire generation to years

of low productivity and dependency on the Government. If people remain

$69.790 S1.s63,o51 2•3575°5 largely unemployed for the first 10 666,464 3,038,132

45,411 1,708,718 3,663 years of their working life, it is exceed-

79-059 0 1984-82- (Vol. 127 Pt. 2)

ingly difficult for them to develop stable employment patterns. Alternatively, those who work as teenagers do better as young adults. Likewise, those with training, education, and labor market information have more stable and remunerative employment as adults.

We have retained three titles in the bill. The first title details the employment training programs; the second title establishes remedial education programs at the secondary level; and the third title requires the ultimate linking of the two sides of the issue, a single line item appropriation for titles I and II. Major provisions of the bill include:

Strong links between education and labor programs for youth;

Close involvement with vocational education programs;

Reservation of funds for joint CETA/education programs, starting at 22 percent and increasing to 31 percent;

Forward funding of CETA youth programs;

Planning and decisionmaking at the local level;

Required interaction among the principle actors in joint CETA/education programing, such as lay citizens, private industry, school personnel, and CBO's;

Targeting to the most needy students;

Coordinated recordkeeping and eligibility standards; and

Incentives for youth to return to or to complete high school or its equivalent.

Two specific changes contained in this bill include an expansion of solar energy employment training opportunities for youth and a clarification of incentive activity. The so.Iar energy area is expanded to incorporate the principles contained in H.R. 3532, a bill that had over 40 cosponsors in the 96th Congress. Additionally, rather than mislabel the work activities in title I as entitlement activities, these activities are called incentive projects. The intention is not to create an entitlement program with an associated automatic draw on the Treasury, but rather to design a matching program which is available only to qualified prime sponors and is limited by Federal appropriations .

This legislation is the outcome of a decade's efforts to address youth unemployment. By 1977, the Congress had passed the Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act with the expectation that these pilot programs would provide the basis for a national youth policy. The Education and Work Opportunity Act builds on the experience gained through these projects, forming a comprehensive approach.

2716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 Through our efforts we have learned

that to be truly effective. programs for young people need to address both education and employment needs. It is generally accepted that without basic literacy skills. youth are unable to take advantage of further education or training and will be permanently consigned to the bottom of the economic and social ladder. A recent Wall Street Journal article indicated:

The lack of literate workers is creating problems for a variety of industries-problems ranging from wasted investment in more efficient equipment to outright safety hazards. More broadly, poorly educated workers are contributing to the U.S.'s productivity difficulties.

The bill I am introducing closely links schools and employment training programs in a combined effort to instill in youth the basic educational and employability skills which they need to become productive members of society. It emphasizes this combination as a total approach to the structural unemployment problems faced by youth.

The Youth Education and Work Opportunity Act seeks to increase the relevance of education to high school youth. By encouraging students to stay in school, joblessness among high school dropouts may be stemmed. Dropouts are three times as likely as graduates to be unemployed. Employment. training and education programs are targeted to the neediest youth and to those who can most benefit from these services. The major design, planning, and initiation of these programs are at the local level where the needs of the youth can best be recognized.

The concern of Members who may question the timeliness of a new domestic issue is understandable. I support the need to cut back on Federal spending, but even though the mood of the country is one of budget austerity, it is not necessarily a time to end. or to cut back on policy development. If we fail to take the initiative on youth unemployment, and we fail to take up the obvious need to blend education and training programs for youth then we place an unfair burden on today's yout4 who will be the workers and taxpayers of tomorrow. It is more cost effective to break the structural unemployment cycle in the beginning than to pay for supportive services. incarceration. and unemployment insurance later on.

Without this bill, we may not make further progress toward solving the youth unemployment problem. We must continue to discuss. examine and consider carefully all the alternatives. This bill builds upon what has proven to be successful. Youth unemployment is not an issue that will merely disappear.e

ETHYL ALCOHOL DUTY The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under

a previous order of the House. the gentleman from Minnesota <Mr. FRENZEL) is recognized for 5 minutes. • Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker. I am introducing today a bill to repeal the tariff on imports of ethyl alcohol recently enacted as part of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980. Although clothed in the popular language of promoting energy self -sufficiency, action to impose such a prohibitive tariff in reality will dampen the development in the United States of efficiently produced alternative fuels.

My bill would return the duty on ethyl alcohol to 1979 levels of 3 percent ad valorem for most-favorednation entries and 20 percent ad valorem for entries from nonmarket economies. That is in contrast to the recent law which imposes an additional 10 cents per gallon duty beginning January 1. 1981, jumping to 20 cents in 1982 and to 40 cents thereafter through 1992.

I can find little justification. either based on unfair import competition or national energy policy, for enactment of such a prohibitive tariff. It constitutes a unilateral action in violation of international trade agreements. undermines the operation of U.S. trade laws, and runs counter to the national goal of encouraging alternative fuel production and thereby gaining independence from foreign sources of fossil fuel.

The current additional duty was enacted in order to eliminate for importers the benefit of the 40 cents per gallon tax credit given to producers of fuels with an alcohol content. The credit was enacted in the Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1979 and applied to producers of gasohol and other special fuels regardless of whether they used imported or domestic alcohol. Since only one U.S. firm at the present time produces ethyl alcohol for use in gasohol. competitively priced imports were a positive factor for emerging domestic producers of gasohol.

There is, however. a misconception that any foreign content in the production of alternative fuels threatens energy self-sufficiency. Since the first increment of the newly imposed tariff on ethyl alcohol will effectively eliminate imports, all domestic gasohol producers will have to rely on a single domestic source to supply the alcohol-a situation that usually results in high costs all the way around. The resulting economic environment is not one that encourages the development of alternative fuels in this country.

I also would like to reiterate the arguments against this duty increase that I made on the floor of the House when the reconciliation measure was being considered last fall. Specifically, to raise tariffs unilaterally in order to focus a subsidy solely on domestic pro-

ducers violates two important principles of international trade law. The first is that bound rates of duty are not to be increased except under very limited circumstances and then only after an investigation and other procedures established by law are completed. The second principle is that of "national treatment" whereby the United States and its major trading partners agree to treat importers no less favorably than domestic producers with respect to internal taxes. laws, and regulations.

Basic trade principles have been summarily set aside without any legitimate argument for abandoning our international obligations or for disrupting the free operation of the marketplace. No domestic producer has filed any complaint of unfair trade practices or otherwise exercised the import relief procedures provided in U.S. law. Neither has any investigation of national security implications as they relate to overall energy policy been made as directed by law before duties are raised for the purpose of protecting a vital national security interest.

Although national security concerns associated with energy independence were cited as a principal motive in enacting the tariff on ethyl alcohol, it is hard to believe that imports which peaked in 1980 at 75 million gallons for the entire year and are expected to decrease substantially over the next several years could be a threat to our national security. This is especially true since the use of ethyl alcohol, whether domestic or foreign, to make gasohol encourages the development of alternative fuels in this country and contributes to our overall energy independence from foreign sources of fossil fuel.

Brazil is the principal supplier of eth3'1 alcohol to the United States. It does not produce alcohol for export, but rather exports residual amounts that were temporarily high last year because the development of gasohol supplies exceeded the demand anticipated by the conversion of various fleets to gasohol use. The Brazilian Government has estimated that in 1981 exports will drop to a minimal level as a result of increased internal demand along with their national commitment to substitute alcohol fuels for 20 percent of overall fuel consumption by 1985.

Brazil also is a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade <GATT), and, like the United States, accepts certain commitments as a member of the world trading community. Brazil is an important export market for the United States, especially in agricultural products. The duty we have imposed is a serious impairment of benefits for Brazil under negotiated tariff cuts, and that country has already requested consultations

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2717 with the United States in an effort to determine the concessions which will have to be paid for our unilateral action. These concessions very likely will come from the agriculture sector.

In short, our action to preserve a market position for a single domestic firm will not be without cost. Other domestic sectors will be adversely affected, the price of ethyl alcohol and subsequently gasohol as the end product will be pushed up artificially, and the manipulation of market forces will hinder the efficient development of alternative fuels industry in this country.

In my view, the consequences cannot be justified on national security, energy policy, or trade policy grounds. Imposition of such a high-duty rate is a costly overreaction to a mild surge in import levels that were never very high to begin with and that are expected to decrease as a result of normal market forces. It is special legislation that should never have become part of U.S. law. I hope it can be repealed in the 97th Congress.e

CALL TO CONSCIENCE VIGIL, 1981

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the .House, the gentleman from Illinois <Mr. PoRTER) is recognized for 5 minutes. e Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to participate in the Call to Conscience Vigil, 1981.

I applaud the Soviets' recent increase in the number of exit visas issued to Jews and the release last week of Iosef Mendelevich, one of the three remaining defendants in the 1971 Leningrad trials. Although the current emigration figures are nowhere near the 1979 figures of 51,000, the upward swing of the past 2 weeks cannot go unnoticed. This trend could represent a step toward Soviet willingness to comply with previously agreed international accords and could be a hopeful sign for all those concerned with human rights.

Yet our optimism must be cautious. We must not relinquish pressure on the Soviets to end the mistreatment of refuseniks and prisoners of conscience until all human rights violations have been eliminated.

One such violation remains in the case of Vladimir Kislik, a distinguished scientist at the Kiev Institute of Nuclear Research in the 1960's, who has been attempting to emigrate to Israel since 1973.

Since the denial of his visa application, Kislik has held only menial jobs and has not worked in the scientific field in ~ capacity. Mr. Kislik was forcibly separated from his family when his wife and son were allowed to leave for Israel in 1973-at which time he was given the impression that he would soon be allowed io follow.

Mr. Kislik has been subjected to constant harassment, including threats, KGB surveillance, interrogations, and brutal beatings. Last July, Kislik was committed by Soviet authorities to a state mental institution to prevent any anti-Soviet activity during the Moscow Olympics.

After the resolution I introduced condemning Mr. Kislik's mistreatment passed the House, he was released from the mental institution but remains locked in the Soviet jail denied emigration rights.

Vladimir Kislik's case is not an isolated one, but yet another example of Soviet violations of principles set forth in the Helsinki Final Act. Hundreds of Soviet refuseniks have been subjected to similar persecution. It is time for the Soviets to live up to their commitment and for Congress to reaffirm this Nation's belief in basic human rights and personal freedoms.e

INTRODUCTION OF NUCLEAR WASTE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ACT The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under

a previous order of the House, the gentleman from New York <Mr. LUNDINE) is recognized for 5 minutes.

Mr. LUNDINE. Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing legislation for consideration by the House of Representatives which addresses our long neglected problem of disposal of our high-level radioactive wastes. We have discussed the issue of what to do with our nuclear wastes for a long time, but have not yet been able to arrive at a consensus on fundamental issues surrounding this debate. I am convinced that the long-term management of our high-level nuclear wastes is one of the most formi(iable environmental problems facing this country. In addition to this, the current stalemate over nuclear energy in this country, in part, can be directly attributed to a failure to deal with this problem.

Last year, largely through the efforts of Mr. FuQUA, chairman of the Science and Technology Committee, Mr. UDALL, chairman of the Interior Committee, and Mr. DINGELL, chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee, this House made substantial progress in resolving the impasse over nuclear waste management. Although the House was unable to reach final agreement with the Senate on a policy for managing our radioactive wastes, there appeared to be an agreement in principle regarding several important policy aspects. First, there was agreement on the need for a definitive timetable for the development of repositories for ultimate disposal of our radioactive wastes. Second, there was agreement to reject the notion of an absolute State veto over repository siting decisions. But, there was agreement on the need to define a proce-

dural mechanism for resolving disagreements between the individual States and Indian tribes regarding the siting of disposal facilities for our Nation's radioactive wastes. The legislation I am introducing today builds on this consensus, and, I believe, goes even further in addressing problems underlying the nuclear waste dilemma. It offers a truly comprehensive policy approach to radioactive waste management.

My bill calls for the development by January 1, 1982, of a national "mission plan," which is subject to congressional disapproval, to identify the logical research and development steps necessary to implement a successful highlevel radioactive waste management program; and to link these steps to site characterization, design, construction, and operation of permanent geologic repositories for the disposal of our high-level radioactive wastes.

Such a planning mechanism is a prerequisite to a successful program. The Department of Energy is in the process of trying to develop a national plan for radioactive waste management. However, I am suggesting that such a planning process be modeled on the project planning guidelines which have been developed by NASA. Such planning procedures successfully places a man on the Moon and have enabled our space program to accomplish many other research and development goals. I believe such an approach is applicable to our long-term radioactive waste disposal program and therefore have set down a planning framework in the legislation I am introducing today.

The Department of Energy plan does not as yet adequately address all of the issues connected to our radioactive waste management problem, or set forth a careful and comprehensive strategy for resolving them. The Department must clearly define the specific task and obstacles before us in the radioactive waste management area; and set forth programmatic and managerial resources and schedules to accomplish these tasks. Furthermore, ways to deal with the implications of implementation of a national program and to provide assurances that the required technology can be made available to accomplish this task must be incorporated into the overall planning process.

The bill recognizes the possibility that as part of the mission plan, the Secretary may find it necessary to utilize a combination of concepts to repository development. It provides the Secretary the authority to proceed with unlicensed research and development repositories, giving preference to existing Department of Energy sites, if such an undertaking can be justified as part of the mission plan. These repositories will not be permanent, but

2718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 will rather serve as test facilities for accumulating necessary experimental data. Furthermore, the bill acknowledges the probable need for an interim step in repository development and provides the Secretary the option of interjecting as part of the mission plan the licensed development of retrievable intermediate scale repositories prior to siting, licensing, and emplacement of wastes into a permanent nonretrievable repository.

Fully consistent with the planning process which enabled us to put a man on the Moon within a 10-year time period, my proposal sets time-oriented goals for site characterization, identification, and construction of repositories for high-level radioactive wastes. Under my bill, at the time of submission of the mission plan, the Secretary is required to designate sites for characterization as possible repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. By 1985, the Secretary shall have completed site characterization activities which are designated in the mission plan. By 1987, the Secretary shall have completed environmental assessments and engineering design plans and consulted with the States regarding the possible utilization of these sites for repository development. At this time, the Secretary shall designate at least two sites in preparation for application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for a construction permit for either a small-scale intermediate, retrievable repository or a permanent repository, depending on the status of our knowledge under the mission plan. Nuclear Regulatory Commission review of this application for a construction permit must be completed within 4 years after the date of application.

The bill sets forth a carefully defined and meaningful role for the States and affected Indian tribes which might possibly be impacted by repository development. This legislation makes permanent and further defines the role of the existing State planning council in working with the States and acting as a liaison between the States and Federal Government. State review boards will be established in the individual States to review site characterization, siting, and development activities of the Secretary. The Secretary is authorized to provide assistance. to those States within whose borders there is potential repository development. In addition, an independent review and arbitration board will be created to settle disputes be-

. tween the individual States or ·Indian tribes and the Federal Government. The board will be charged specifically with the task of determining whether the site characterization activities, engineering designs, other plans for the facility, and the environmental impact assessments address the concerns of

the State and were conducted in accordance with the mission plan.

My proposal recognizes that establishment of a repository within a State's borders will result in restricted use of that site for a lengthy period of time. To provide just compensation for the State contribution to the national program in this regard, the Federal Government shall on a regular basis make payments to the States in the amount which would be paid to the State if the property were subject to taxation by the States.

In a tight Federal budget climate, one major obstacle in moving ahead with implementation of a system for disposal of our high level radioactive wastes will continue to be providing adequate funding levels. To address this, I am proposing the establishment of a trust fund drawn from payments by utilities with title to spent fuel to fund implementation of the mission plan and to make the payments to the States referred to above. The amount of money in this fund will be supplemented by amounts appropriated by Congress for necessary research and development activities and to provide for the disposition of federally owned high level radioactive wastes. The Secretary will have the authority to set the fee and adjust it accordingly as changing economic circumstances demand. Actual title to the spent fuel at the utility will not pass to the Federal Government until the fuel actually reaches the repository for disposal.

A utility fee is fully justified as a mechanism for the private sector to provide the Government timely reimbursement for the service being provided by the Federal Government in designing a system to dispose of their nuclear wastes. Also, timely payment of such a fee will insure that the consumers who benefit from nuclear energy resulting in the creation of given quantities of radioactive wastes are also the ones who bear the economic costs of its ultimate disposal.

I believe that the program I am suggesting for development of repositories for disposal of our high level radioactive wastes can succeed. But, I am also aware that a repository program is only one element of our radioactive waste management problem. My proposal also addresses two other heretofore unaddressed aspects of the picture by establishing Federal policies regarding the interim storage and reprocessing of commercial spent fuel.

The bill states that it is the primary responsibility of the private sector for the interim management of spent fuel . It should be our national goal to minimize the transportation of spent fuel.

There has been considerable discussion to date regarding the possibility of the Federal Government assuming the responsibility for interim storage of utility spent fuel by creating awayfrom-reactor storage facilities for

spent fuel. Not only will this greatly increase the transportation of spent fuel among sites, but more importantly there is no need for the Federal Government to assume this responsibility. Estimates from the Department of Energy and others of the need for such interim storage capacity which cannot be accommodated by existing capacity at reactor sites has steadily declined.

In addition, there are alternative technologies which can be utilized. Rod consolidation, one such technology, involves the dismantling of fuel assemblies and the storage of just the fuel rods in a smaller space within a stainless steel canister. Storage of up to twice the original amount of spent fuel may be possible in some existing storage racks with this technology.

Several other dry storage concepts are also available for onsite expansion of spent fuel storage capacity. Canyon storage, for example, is being used commercially in Great Britain and at nonlicensed Department of Energy facilities in Idaho and Nevada. This technique utilizes air instead of water as a coolant. Caisson storage, another concept, would store spent fuel underground in lined containers holding one or more ft:.el assemblies. A third dry storage concept, cask storage, which involves storage of spent-fuel assemblies in transport casks with air acting as a coolant, has been certified for use in Germany.

The United States cannot afford to procrastinate regarding these technologies any longer. For the most part, they are not new technologies, but rather for several reasons are technologies particularly appropriate to the situation utilities are facing now as reactor pools fill up. First, they will likely prove more economical than away-from-reactor facilities because they can reduce the need for transportation and will enable the utilities to add storage capacity at reactor sites in an incremental fashion as needed. Second, they will likely prove to be safer and simpler systems requiring less attention and minimizing the chances of a loss of coolant accident which is a concern to us today with wet pool storage.

The Department of Energy has conducted promising research on the dry storage concepts and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has recently completed the rulemaking procedure necessary to license a dry storage facility. The Tennessee Valley Authority has expressed considerable confidence in dry storage technologies as a promising option to address their interim storage needs. My bill would help us move forward in this area by authorizing the Department of Energy to enter into contracts with private utilities to provide for an onsite demonstration of a licensed facility for

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2719 ca 'lyon, caisson, and cask storage. Dry st Jrage, combined with the policy statement included in this bill making clear private sector responsibility for interim management of spent fuel, should provide the basis for a resolution of the problem facing some utilities over the next decade with interim spent fuel management.

One other yet unresolved issue which has complicated efforts to reach a national consensus on nuclear waste management is the question of whether or not to permit the commercial reprocessing of spent fuel. In 1977, President Carter acted to halt development of the necessary regulatory mechanisms for reprocessing and to temporarily defer consideration of commercial reprocessing of spent fuel. He took this action primarily to support a broader international effort to coordinate a nonproliferation policy. Unfortunately, the record indicates that this action has not substantially contributed to altering the international climate on nonproliferation.

I believe it is time that a Federal policy be established regarding the commercial reprocessing of spent fuel. My bill would direct the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to proceed with necessary rulemaking procedures to license commercial reprocessing facilities. At the same time, it would declare that it is the policy of the Federal Government not to provide direct subsidies for such activity or to assume the task of Government reprocessing for commercial purposes. This will permit the regulatory framework to be developed and market forces to work their will in regard to the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle.

In summary, I believe this proposal offers a comprehensive policy framework for resolution of our high-level nuclear waste management problems. Development of a national mission plan for the disposal of our radioactive wastes coupled with meaningful procedural mechanisms for State participation in siting decisions, and financing mechanisms to implement the mission plan will move us forward toward a resolution of this difficult problem.

. Firm policy statements regarding the interim management and reprocessing of spent fuel can provide the necessary climate to make the mission plan work effectively. I look forward to working with my colleagues in the House and Senate to examine these proposals and to develop a comprehensive national nuclear waste management policy.

CHORE SERVICE PROGRAMS NEED SEPARATE TREATMENT The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under

a previous order of the House, the gentleman from Iowa <Mr. BEDELL) is recognized for 5 minutes.

Mr. BEDELL. Mr. Speaker, it is not uncommon in the pursuit of worthy

public policy goals of a national scope that equally worthy State and local programs come into conflict with those goals and are crippled and sometimes destroyed. I am today introducing legislation that would help resolve one such conflict and preserve an effective and needed community-based program that may be faced with a substantial operating burden next year as a result of an IRS ruling scheduled to become effective in June 1982.

The program, variations of which are in operation in many States across the country, is known in my home State of Iowa as chore services. Administered by the Department of Social Services, chore services is a small-scale neighbor-to-neighbor program through which individuals provide services to the elderly and disabled who, on a limited or temporary basis, need assistance with small chores such as minor household repairs, occasional meal preparation, and yardwork. The providers are often youths or other senior citizens who would like to earn a little extra money and help a neighbor in the process. The Iowa Department of Social Services pays the client, who then reimburses the provider. In conjunction with other in-home services, such as homemaker health and adult day care, the chore services program is intended to keep the elderly in their homes and out of institutions where possible.

Since the program's inception in Iowa, chore services workers have been treated as independent contractors by the State; that is, as self-employed, occasional workers responsible for paying their own social security and income taxes, if applicable. However, the IRS in recent years has undertaken a major effort to reclassify workers as employees or independent contractors, and ruled in 1975 that chore services workers were employees for whom the State must withhold social security taxes. This classification controversy was one of many across the country that were put on hold by section 530 of the Revenue Act of 1978, an interim statute which temporarily forgave such potential tax liabilities until Congress could develop a clear statute governing the classification of workers. This interim statute was extended late last year and is due to expire in June 1982.

I support efforts by the IRS, and the Congress, to develop a rule that insures the prompt, equitable, accurate collection of Federal taxes. However, in my view, the classification of chore. services workers as employees of the State is clearly inappropriate, and would inflict a heavy paperwork burden on a small-scale program operating on a limited budget. It does not make sense to me to force States to divert thousands of dollars in potential services moneys to pay FICA for these workers, many of whom are al-

ready retired or are youth earning a minimal amount of pocket money after school. Due to an admittedly worthy national goal, a small Iowa neighbor-to-neighbor program and many others like it throughout the country face the prospect of bureaucratization that is potentially crippling.

I am today introducing legislation to provide that chore services performed under certain State programs designed to assist the elderly and the handicapped be exempt from social security and income tax withholding. Chore workers could thus continue to be responsible for paying their own income and social security taxes after June 1982, if any are owed, and States could continue to operate these programs without unnecessary redtape, paperwork, and expenses.

The chore services program in Iowa typifies the strong community spirit on which so many small towns across the country have been built. The need for such programs will increase markedly in future years with the dramatic increase in the number of older Americans. These highly effective programs, designed to keep the elderly and disabled at home by providing for assistance by neighbors where needed, should not be jeopardized by potentially devastating cutbacks caused by undue Federal Government-in this case IRS-interference. I strongly urge my colleagues to give their support to the legislation I am introducing today.

The text of the bill follows: H.R.1978

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that social security taxes and income tax withholding shall not apply to certain chore service performed under a State program designed to assist the elderly and the handicapped Be it enacted by the Senate and House of

Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That <a><l> subsection (b) of section 3121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 <defining employment for FICA tax purposes> is amended by striking out "or" at the end of paragraph <19>, by striking out the period at the end of paragraph < 20 > and inserting in lieu thereof ";or", and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph:

"(21> chore service performed by an individual under an arrangement with a State programif-

"<A> only individuals who have attained age 65 or who are handicapped are eligible to receive such service under the program,

" such service consists only of the performance of housework, yardwork, meal preparation, or minor household repairs at the home of the recipient of the service or errands for food, clothing, medicine, or paying bills, and

"<C> 80 percent or more of the chore services under the program for the calendar year can reasonably be expected to be performed by individuals who perform an average per week of 20 or fewer hours of such service under the program during such year."

<2> Paragraph <2> of section 1402<c> of such code <defining trade or business> Is

2720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 amended by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (E), by striking out the semicolon at the end of subparagraph <F> and inserting in lieu thereof ". and". and by inserting after subparagraph <F> the following new subparagraph:

"<G> service described in section 312l(b)(21);".

(b) Subsection <a> of section 3401 of such Code <defining wages for purposes of income tax withholding) is amended by striking out "or" at the end of paragraph <19>, by striking out the period at the end of paragraph < 20 > and inserting in lieu thereof "; or'', and by adding after paragraph (20) the following new paragraph:

"(21> for service described in section 312l(b)(21)."

<c><l> Subsection (a) of section 210 of the Social Security Act is amended by striking out "or," at the end of paragraph <19), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (20) and inserting in lieu thereof "; or" and by adding after paragraph (20) the following new paragraph:

"(21) Chore service performed by an individual under an arrangement with a State program if-

"<A> only individuals who have attained age 65 or who are handicapped are eligible to receive such service under the program,

"(B) such service consists only of the performance of housework, yardwork, meal preparation, or minor household repairs at the home of the recipient of the service or errands for food, clothing, medicine, or paying bills, and

"(C) 80 percent or more of the chore services under the program for the calendar year can reasonably be expected to be performed by individuals who perform an average per week of 20 or fewer hours of such service under the program during such year."

(2) Paragraph <2> of section 211<c> of such Act is amended by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph <E>. by striking out the semicolon at the end of subparagraph <F>. and inserting in lieu thereof " , and" and by inserting after subparagraph <F> the following new subparagraph:

"<G> service described in section 210<a><21>;".

(d)(1) The amendments made by subsection <a><l> and subsection <c><l> shall apply to services performed after July 1, 1982.

(2) The amendments made by subsections (a)(2) and <c><2> shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1980.

(3) The amendments made by subsection (b) shall apply to remuneration paid after July 1, 1982.

0 1240 ANNUAL REPORT TO THE

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION The SPEAKER pro tempore <Mr.

LUNDINE). Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from California <Mr. DANIELSON) is recognized for 5 minutes.

Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, the Congress and the country owe a great debt of gratitude to our distinguished Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. I want to bring to your attention and to the attention of the Members of Congress a speech which he gave on February 8, 1981, at a meeting of the American Bar Association in Houston, Tex .• captioned "Annual Report to the

American Bar Association." The speech by our Chief Justice hit the bull's-eye on a matter of greatest concern to many people in our society, the problem of the scope and impact of crime upon our society and upon our economy. He pointed out many of the problems which are involved, but most importantly. he has perceived and he spoke of an ever-present concern of every person whom I meet in my district.

The people of America are afraid, they are frightened. They are scared to death of the possibility of becoming victims of crime. It is my· practice when in my district to visit senior citizens' complexes, senior citizens' clubs, and other community groups as well. And I am convinced that the subject uppermost in the minds of most of our peace-abiding citizens is the fact that they have a high probability of becoming the victims of crime.

Now, Chief Justice Burger does not purport to be a law-enforcement officer, and he did not speak from that perspective. But he does head up our judicial system. And inevitably he has an overview of the scope, the spread, the manner of handling violations of the criminal laws within our United States.

In reviewing criminal cases he sees what many of the problems are. I commend to every Member of the Congress a reading of Chief Justice Burger's speech, which will be appended to my remarks and made a part of the RECORD.

I want to point out his saying, accurately, that crime and the fear of crime have permeated the fabric of American life damaging the poor and minorities even more than the affluent. A recent survey shows that 46 percent of all women and 48 percent of all Negroes in our society are significantly frightened by pervasive crime in America.

He points out that the basic purpose of our society is the protection and security of each individual. The basic need is security, security of the person, the family, the home, and property. That is the meaning of civilized society.

The Chief Justice points out that currently in our judicial system there are massive safeguards for accused persons including pretrial freedom for most crimes, defense lawyers at public expense, trials and appeals, retrials and more appeals, almost without end, and that yet this fails to provide elementary protection for its law-abiding citizens.

He points out that for at least 10 years our national leaders and those of other countries have spoken of international terrorism. Yet our own rate of routine day-to-day terrorism in almost any large city in our land exceeds the casualties of all of international terrorism in any given year.

Why do we show such indignation over alien terrorists and yet such tolerance for the domestic variety? He asks: "Must we be hostages within the borders of our own self-styled enlightened civilized country?" Accurate figures on the cost of home burglar alarms, of three locks on every door and, sadly, of handgun sales to householders are not available, but they ·must run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. We hear people talk of having criminals make restitution and have the State compensate the victims. The first of these suggestions is largely unrealistic. The second is unlikely. Restitution. I am reminded of a saying of my father, "You can't get blood out of a turnip."

Frankly, I think. it applies exactly, how do you get a criminal to make restitution to his victims?

The Chief Justice points out that deterrence is a great factor in reducing crime and the greatest deterrent factor is one of swift and certain consequences, swift arrest, prompt trial, certain penalty, and at some point, finality of judgment instead of the endless appeals ..

The Chief Justice points out along farther in his speech that we in the United States seem to be reluctant to spend money to help control crime and to provide proper places of confinement for our criminals. Yet we do not seem to find any reluctance in providing money for national defense. As a matter of fact, the two are of equivalent importance. To take care of our criminal problem is as much a part of our national defense as is the Pentagon budget, not as large, but equally as significant.

The Chief Justice then makes a few suggestions as to changes that can be made in the judicial process which will help. And I agree with him, it will help considerably in reducing crime.

First, to restore to all pretrial release laws the critical element of dangerousness to the community;

·Second, to provide for trial within weeks of arrest;

Third, review on appeal with 8 weeks of a judgment of guilt; and

Fourth, following appellate review, confine all subsequent judicial review to claims of miscarriage of justice.

Mr. Speaker, I commend Chief Justice Burger's message to you and to all Members. It is essential that we understand the problems of crime and the criminal justice system before they destroy the freedom of our people.

The complete message follows: .ANNuAL REPORT TO THE .AJIERICAN BAR

AsSOCIATION

<Transcript of remarks by Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, Houston, Tex., February 8, 1981) Today, for the twelfth time, you allow me t~ opportunity to lay before _you problems

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2721 concerning the administration of justice, as · of an impotent society-a society whose ca- 20 times as many homicides. The United I see them from my chair. For this, Mr. pability of maintaining elementary security States has one hundred times the rate of President and Fellow Members of the .Asso- ' on the streets, in schools, and for the homes burglary as Japan. Overall violent crime in elation. I thank you. of our people is in doubt. the United States increased sharply from

On previous Occasions I have discussed I thought of this recently in a visit to the 1979 to 1980, continuing a double-digit rate. with you a range of needs of our system. medieval city of Bologna, Italy. There, still More than one-quarter of all the houseYour responses beginning in 1969 were a standing are walled enclaves of a thousand holds in this country are victimized by some major factor in bringing into being the In- years ago with a high comer tower where kind of criminal activity at least once each stitute for Court Management, The Nation- watch was kept for roving hostil~ stre~t year. al Center for State Courts, The Provision gangs. When the householder left his barn- The New York Times recently reported for Court Administrators in the Federal caded enclave he had a company of spear- that one documented study estimated that System, and many other changes. And in men and others with cross-bows and battle- the chances of any person arrested for a light of my subject today, I should also axes as guards. felony in New York City of being punished mention the important contributions made Possibly some of our problem of behavior in any way-apart from the arrest recordbeginning in 1970 by your Commission on stems from the fact that we have virtually were 108 to 1! And it is clear that thousands Correctional Facilities and Services. The eliminated from public schools and higher of felonies go unreported in that city as in value of these improvements is beyond pre- education any effort to teach values of in- all others. cise calculation. But the value is great. We tegrity, truth, personal accountability and For at least ten years many of our nationdo not always agree, but our differences are respect for others' rights. This was recently alleaders and those of other countries, have few indeed. All I ask for is equal time. commented on by a distinguished world spoken of international terrorism, but our

The new President who has just taken statesman, Dr. Charles Malik, former presi- rate of routine, day-by-day terrorism in office is confronted with a host of great dent of the U.N. General Assembly, Speak- almost any large city exceeds the casualties ' problems, domestic and worldwide: infla- ing to a conference on education, he said: of all the reported "international terrorists" tion, unemployment, energy, an overblown "I search in vain for any reference to the in any given year. government, a breakdown of our education- fact that character, personal integrity, spir- Why do we show such indignation over al system, a weakening of family ties, and a itual depth, the highest moral standards, alien terrorists and such tolerance for the vast increase in crime. As he looks beyond the wonderful living values of the great tra- domestic variety? our shores, he sees grave, long-range prob- dition, have anything to do with the busi- Must we be hostages within the borders of lems, which begin ninety miles off the ness of the university or with the world of shores of Florida and extend around the learning." our own selfstyled enlightened, civilized 1

country? Accurate figures on the cost of globe. Perhaps what Dr. Malik said is not irrele- home burglar alarms, of three locks on each I

Today I will focus on a single subject, al- - vant to what. gives most Am~ricans such door-and sadly of handgun sales for housethough one of large content. Crime and the ?eep concern m terms of behaVIor in Amer- holders-are not available but they run into 1

fear of crime have permeated the fabric of lea today. . . . hundreds of millions of dollars. American life damaging the poor and mi- I pondered long before decldmg to concen- What the American people want is that norities even' more than the affluent. A trate today on this sensitive subject of crime and criminals be brought under conrecent survey indicates forty-six percent of crime, and 1 begin by reminding ourselves trol so that we can be safe on the streets women and forty-eight . percent of Negroes that ';llder ~ur enlightene~ Const~tution and in our homes and for our children to be are "significantly frightened" by pervasive and Bill of Rights, whose blcentenmals we safe in schools and at play. Today that crime in America. will soon celebrate, we have established a safety is fragile.

system of criminal justice that provides Seventy-five years ago, Roscoe Pound shook this association with his speech on "The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice." In the 1976 Pound Conference, we reviewed his great critique but also examined criminal justice. My distinguished colleague, Judge Leon Higginbotham, carefully noted the imperative need for balance, in criminal justice, between the legitimate rights of the accused and the right of all others, including the victims. And, of course, we are all victims of every crime.

When I speak of "Crime and Punishment" I embrace the entire spectrum beginning with an individual's first contact with police authority through the stages of arrest, investigation, adjudication and corrective confinement. At every stage the system cries out for change, and I do not exclude the adjudicatory stage. At each step in this process the primary goal, for both the individual and society, is protection and security. This theme runs throughout all history.

When our distant ancestors came out of caves and rude tree dwellings thousands of years ago to form bands and tribes and later towns, villages and cities, they did so to satisfy certain fundamental h~an needs: Mutual protection, human companionship, and later for trade and commerce. But the basic need was security-security of the person, the family, the home and of property. Taken together, this is the meaning of a civilized society.

Today, the proud American boast that we are the most civilized, most prosperous, most peace-loving people leaves a bitter aftertaste. We have prospered. We are, and have been, peace-loving in our relations with other nations. But, like it or not, today here at home we are apl)l'~aching t~e status

more protection, more safeguards, more It needs no more recital of the frightening guarantees for those accused of crim~ than facts and statistics to focus attention of the any other nation in all history. The protec- problem-a problem easier to define than to

. tive armour we give to each individual when correct. We talk of having criminals make the State brings a charge is great indeed. restitution or have the State compensate This protection was instituted-and it has the victims. The first is largely unrealistic,

: expanded steadily since the tum of this cen- the second is unlikely. Neither meets the 1 tury-because of our profound fear of the central problem. Nothing will bring about

power of Kings and States developed by an swift changes in the terror that stalks our ' elite class to protect the status quo-their streets and endangers our homes, but I will , status above all else-and it was done at the make a few suggestions. 1

I expense of the great masses of ordinary To do this I must go back over some histo-1 people. ry which may help explain our dilemma.

Two hundred years ago we changed that. For a quarter of a century I regularly ' Indeed, in the past 30 or 40 years we have spent my vacations visiting courts and prischanged it so much that some now question ons in other countries, chiefly Western whether the changes have produced a dan- Europe. My mentors in this educational gerous imbalance. process were two of the outstanding penolo-

I put to you this question: Is a society re- gist of our time: the late James V. Bennett, deemed if it provides massive safeguards for Director of the United States Bureau of accused persons including pretrial freedom 1 Prisons and the late Torsten Ericksson, his for most crimes, defense lawyers at public counterpart in Sweden, where crime rates expense, trials, and appeals, re-trials and · were once low, poverty was nonexistent, cormore appeals-almost without end-and yet rectional systems enlightened and humane.

. fails to provide elementary protection for its ! Each was a vigorous advocate of using pris- . law-abiding citizens? I ask you to ponder ~ ons for educational and vocational training. 1

this question as you hear me out. I shared and still share with them the Time does not allow-nor does my case re- belief that poverty and unemployment are

quire-that I burden you with masses of de- reflected in crime rates--chiefly crimes tailed statistics-! assure you the statistics against property. But if poverty were the are not merely grim, they are frightening. principal cause of crime as was the easy exLet me begin near home: Washington, D.C., planation given for so many years, crime i the capital of our enlightened country, in would have been almost nonexistent in af-1980 had more criminal homicides than fluent Sweden and very high in Spain and

. Sweden and Denmark combined with an ag- Portugal. But the hard facts simply did not gregate population of over twelve million as and do not support the easy claims that against 650,000 for Washington, D.C. and poverty is the controlling factor; it is just Washington is not unique. From New York one factor. America's crime rate today ex-

1

City, to Los Angeles, to Miami the story on ceeds our crime rate during the great de-1 increase in violent crime from 1979 to 1980 pression.

is much the same. · New York City with We must not be misled by cliches and sloabout the same pol)ulation as Sweden has gans that if we but abolish poverty crime

2722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Fe~ruary 23, 1981 will also disappear. There is more to it than that. A far greater factor is the deterrent effect of swift and certain consequences: swift arrest, prompt trial, certain penalty, and-at some point-finality of judgment.

To speak of crime in America and not mention the drugs and drug-related crime would be an oversight of large dimension. The destruction of lives by drugs is more frightening than all the homicides we suffer. The victims are not just the young who become addicts. Their families and, in turn, their victims and all of society suffer over a lifetime. I am not wise enough to venture a solution. Until we effectively seal our many thousands of miles of borders-which would require five or ten times the present border guard personnel and vastly enlarge the internal drug enforcement staffs, there is little else we can do. Our Fourth and Fifth Amendments and statutes give the same broad protection to drug pushers as they give to you and me, and judges are oath-bound to apply those commands.

It is clear that there is a startling amount of crime committed by persons on release awaiting trail, on parole, and on probation release. It is not uncommon for an accused to finally be brought to trial with two, three or more charges pending. Overburdened prosecutors and courts tend to drop other pending charges when one conviction is obtained.• Should we be surprised if the word gets around in the "criminal community" that you can commit two or three crimes for the price of only one and that there is not much risk in committing crimes while awaiting trial?

Deterrence is the primary core of any effective response to the reign of terror in American cities. Deterrence means speedy action by society, but that process runs up against the reality that many large cities have either reduced their police forces or failed to keep them in balance with doubledigit crime inflation.

A first step to achieve deterrence is to have larger forces of better trained officers. Thanks to the FBI Academy we have the pattern for such training.

A second step is to re-examine statutes on pre-trial release at every level. This requires that there be a sufficient number of investigators, prosecutors, and defenders-and judges-to bring defendants to trial swiftly. Any study of the statistics will reveal that "bail crime" reflects a great hole in the fabric of our protection against internal terrorism.

To change this melancholy pictll.re will call for spending more money than we have ever before devoted to law enforcement, and even this will be for naught if we do not reexamine our judicial process and philosophy with respect to finality of judgments. The search for "perfect" justice has led us on a course found nowhere else in the world. A true miscarriage of justice, whether 20-, 30- or 40-years old, should always be open to review, but the judicial process becomes a mockery of justice if it is forever open to appeals and retrials for errors in the

• The official D.C. reports show that in the last quarter of 1975, i.e., October, November and December 1975, 569 of all the persons arrested for serious crimes were, at the time of their arrest, awaiting trial on one or more prior indictments. In the same period 402 persons who were arrested were, at the time of arrest, at large either on parole from a penal institution, on probation after a judgment of conviction, or on a conditional release other than the traditional parole. Remarks of Warren E. Burger at the ALI Opening Session, May 18, 1976.

arrest, the search, or the trial. Traditional ates can be a powerful force-is a "damage appellate review is the cure for errors, but control program." It will be long; it will be we have forgotten that simple truth. controversial; it will be costly-but less

Our search for true justice must not be costly than the billions in dollars and thoutwisted into an endless quest for technical sands of blighted lives now hostage to crime. errors unrelated to guilt or innocence. To do this is as much a part of our nation-

The system has gone so far that Judge al defense as the Pentagon budget. Henry Friendly, in proposing to curb abuses Sometimes we speak glibly of a "war on of collateral attack, entitled his article, "Is crime." A war is indeed being waged but it is Innocence Irrelevant?" a war by a small segment of society against

And Justice Jackson once reminded us the whole of society. Now a word of caution: that the Constitution should not be read as That "war" will not be won simply by I a "suicide pact." harsher sentences; not by harsh mandatory 1

Each of these men, of course, echoed what - minimum sentence statutes; not by aban- , another great jurist, Justice Benjamin Car- doning the historic guarantees of the Bill of 1

dozo, wrote more than fifty years ago in his Rights. And perhaps, above all, it will not be essays on "the nature of the judicial proc- accomplished by self-appointed armed citi-ess." zen police patrols. At age 200, this country 1

I am not advocating a new idea but merely has outgrown the idea of private law and restating an old one that we have ignored. vigilantes. Volunteer community watchman At this point, judicial discretion and judicial services are quite another matter. 1

restraint require me to stop and simply to Now let me present the ultimate paradox: ~ repeat that governments were instituted After society has spent years and often a i and exist chiefly to protect people. If gov- modest fortune to put just one person ernments fail in this basic duty they are not behind bars, we become bored. The media I

excused, they are not redeemed by showing lost interest and the individual is forgotten. 1

that they have established the most perfect , Our humanitarian concern evaporates. In ; systems to protect the claims of defendants all but a minority of the States we confine in criminal cases. A government that fails to I the person in an overcrowded, understaffed protect both the rights of accused persons institution with little or no library facilities, : and also all other people has failed in its little if any educational program or vocamission. I leave it to you whether the bal- 1 tiona! training. I have visited American pris- : ance has been fairly struck. 1 ons built more than 100 years ago for 800 1

Let me now try to place this in perspec- prisoners, but with two thousand crowded tive: first, the bail reform statutes of recent today inside their ancient walls. ! years, especially as to non-violent crimes, Should you look at the records you will were desirable and overdue; second, the pro- find that the 300,000 persons now confined visions for a lawyer for every defendant in penal institutions are heavily weighted were desirable and overdue; third, statutes with offenders under age thirty. A majority to insure speedy trials are desirable but only of them cannot meet minimum standards of if the same legislation provides the means reading, writing, and arithmetic. Plainly to accomplish the objective. · this goes back to our school systems. A

Many enlightened countries succeed in . sample of this was reflected in a study of holding criminal trials within four to eight I pupils. in a large ci~y wher~ almos~ half of weeks after arrest. First non-violent offend- the thrrd .graders failed readin~. ThiS sho~d . ers are generally placed on probation, free not surpriSe us, for today we fmd some hi~h to return to a gainful occupation under school graduates wh? cann.ot read or wnte close supervision. But I hardly need remind well enough to hold srmple JObs. . ~ this audience that our criminal process Now turn with me to a few steps which . often goes on two, three, four or more years ought to be considered: before the accused runs out all the options. (1) Restore to all pretrial release laws the I Even after sentence and confinement, the crucial element of dangerousness to the warfare continues with endless streams of community based on a combination of the petitions for writs, suits against parole evidence then available and the defendant's boards, wardens and judges. past record, to deter crime-while-on-bail;

So we see a paradox-even while we strug- (2) Provide for trial within weeks of arrest gle toward correction, education and reha- for most cases, except for extraordinary bilitation of the offender, our system en- cause as shown; courages prisoners to continue warfare with (3) Priority for review on appeal within society. The result is that wh~~ever may eight weeks of a judgment of guilt; 1

have been the defendant's hostility toward . I

the police, the witnesses, the prosecutors, <~> Followmg exhaustion of appe~ate · the judge and jurors-and the public de- reVIew, co~ine an. sub.sequent ju~cial ! fender who failed to win his case-those review t:<> clarms of miSCarriage of justice, hostilities are kept alive. How much chance And fmally: do you think there is of changing or reha- A. We must accept the reality that to con-bilitating _a person who is encouraged to fine offenders behind walls without trying keep up years of constant warfare with soci- to change them is an expensive folly with 1

ety? short term benefits-a "winning of battles The dismal failure of our system to stem while losing the war";

the flood of crime repeaters is reflected in B. Provide for generous use of probation j part in the massive number of those who go for first nonviolent offenders, with intensive in and out of prisons. In a Nation that has supervision and counseling and swift revoca-been thought to be the world leader in so tion if probation terms are violated; 1

many areas of human activity our system of : C. A broad scale program of physical rebajustice-not simply the prisons-produces bilitation of the penal institutions to prothe world's highest rate of "recall" for those vide a decent setting for expanded educawho are processed through it. How long can tional arid vocational training; _ we tol~rate this rate of recall and the devas- D. Make all vocational and educational tation It produces? programs mandatory with credit against the

What I suggest now-and this association sentence for educational progress-literally with its hundreds of State and local affili- a program to "learn the way out of prison,"

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2723 so that no prisoner leaves without at least being able to read. write, do basic arithmetic and have a marketable skill;

E. Generous family visitation in decent surroundings to maintain family ties, with rigid security to exclude drugs or weapons;

F. Counseling services after release paralleling the "after-care" services in Sweden, Holland, Denmark, and Finland. All this should be aimed at developing the prisoner's respect for self, respect for others, accountability for conduct and appreciation of the value of work, of thrift, and of family.

G. Encourage religious groups to give counsel on ethical behavior and occupational adjustment during and after confinement.

The two men I spoke of as my mentors beginning twenty-five years ago-James V. Bennett and Torsten Eriksson of Sweden, were sadly disappointed at the end of their careers, on their great hopes for rehabilitation of offenders. A good many responsible qualified observers are reaching the stage that we must now accept the harsh truth that there may be some incorrigible human beings who cannot be changed except by God's own mercy to that one person. But we cannot yet be certain and in our own interest-in the interest of billions in dollars lost to crime and blighted if not destroyed lives-we must try to deter and try to cure.

This will be costly in the short run and the short run will not be brief. This illness our society suffers has been generations in developing, but we should begin at once to divert the next generation from the dismal paths of the past, to inculcate a sense of personal accountability in each schoolchild to the end that our homes, schools and streets will be safe for all.

LEAVE OF ABSENCE By unanimous consent, leave of ab

sence was granted to: Mr. SAVAGE <at the request of Mr.

WRIGHT), for this week, on account of a death in the family.

Mr. LoNG of Louisiana <at the request of Mr. WRIGHT), for an indefinite period, on account of medical reasons.

SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED By unanimous consent, permission

to address the House, following the legislative program and any special orders heretofore entered, was granted to:

<The following Members <at the request of Mr. DAUB) to revise and extend their remarKS and include extraneous material:)

Mr. JEFFoRDs, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. FRENZEL, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. DAUB, for 10 minutes, toda-y. Mr. PoRTER, for 5 minutes, today. <The following Members <at the re-

quest of Mr. LUNDINE) to revise and extend their remarks and include extraneous material:)

Mr. LUNDINE, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. BLANCHARD, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. GoNZALEZ, for 15 minutes, today. Mr . .ANNuNzio, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. BEDELL, for 5 minutes, today. Mr. DANIELSON, for 5 minutes, today.

EXTENSION OF REMARKS By unanimous consent, permission

to revise and extend remarks was granted to:

<The following Members (at the request of Mr. DAUB) and to include extraneous matter:)

Mr. CARMAN. Mr. HANSEN of Utah. Mr. LEBOUTILLIER. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. CONABLE.

Mr. BROWN of California in 10 instances.

Mr . .ANNuNzio in six instances. Mr. JoNEs of Tennessee in 10 in

stances. Mr. BoNER of Tennessee in five in

stances. Mr. EDWARDS of California in two in-

stances. Mr. CoRRADA in two instances. Mr. FAsCELL in five instances. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. BAILEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. SKELTON in two instances. Mr. RosENTHAL. · Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. BARNES. Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. CONYERS. Mr. STARK. Mr. LANTos. Mr. PERKINS.

ADJOURNMENT Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, I

move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accord

ingly <at 12 o'clock and 48 minutes p.m.), the House adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, February 24, 1981, at 12 o'clock noon.

Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. COLLINS of Texas in two in- EXPENDITURE REPORTS CON

stances. Mr. O'BRIEN in two instances. Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. MOORHEAD. Mrs. ScHNEIDER. <The following Members <at the re

quest of Mr. LuNDINE) and to include extraneous matter:>

Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. ANDERSoN in 10 instances. Mr. GoNZALEZ in 10 instances.

CERNING OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL

Reports of various House committees, and delegations traveling under an authorization from the Speaker, concerning the foreign currencies and U.S. dollars utilized by them during the fourth quarter of calendar year 1980 in connection with foreign travel pursuant to Public Law 95-384 are as follows:

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITIEE ON AGRICULTURE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date f'er diem I Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or en'JI)Ioyee Counby U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Arrival Departure Foreign ~~~t Foreign ~;~~t Foreign ~~~t Foreign ~~ currency currency currency currency

currency• currency• currency• currency•

Thomas Coleman.................................................... 11/10 11/12 Belgium······························-···················· 3,865.00 124.05 .................... 36.27 ............................................................................. . 11/12 11/17 Denmark ................................................... 1,849.50 336.27 .................... .................... 48.13 1.01" ..................................... . 11!17 11/17 France .............................................................................................. .......................................... .................. .................... .................... ................. .

Military transportation per pe!DI....... ...... ... .............. ............... .................................. ........... ............................. ......... ..... ...... ......... .. .......... ........ ..... ............... 2,650.85 .................... ......................................................... . Fred Richmond....................................................... 11/10 11/12 Belgium.................................................... 3,865.00 124.05 ....•..........•............................................ .................•..................................•.....

11/12 11/17 Denmark ................................................... 1,849.50 336.27 .................... .................. .. 48.13 1.01 ..................................... . 11!17 11/17 France ........................................................................................................................................ , ......................................................................... ..

Military transportation per pe!DI.............................. ............... ....................................................................................................... .................... .................... 2,650.85 ............................................................................ .. William Thomas........ .............................................. 11/10 11/12 Belgium.............. ...................................... 3,865.50 125.05 ......... :.......... 36.27 ............................................................................. .

11/12 11/17 Denmark................................................... 1,849.50 336.27 ........................................ 48.13 1.01 .................................... .. 11!17 11!17 France .......................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ..

Military transportation per pe!DI ............................................................................................................................................................................. ·...... ......... 2,650.85 ............................................................................ ..

Committee total................................................................................................................................................................ 1,380.96 .................... 8,025.09 ............................................................................. .

1 Per ciem cmstitutes lodging and meals. •11 foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. E de Ia GARZA. Olainnan.

February 5, 1981.

2724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFRCIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per diem 1 Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Counby U.S. dollar u.s. dollar U.S. dollar f«eign equivalent f«eign equivalent f«eign equivalent f«eign Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency

currency• currency• currency•

Bil Alexander........................................................ 12/13 12114 France...................................................... .................... 110.00 ................................................................................................... . 12!14 12!21 Egypt............................................................................ 525.00 .................... 243.64 ........................................................... . 12/21 12/26 Israel....... ..................................................................... 428.00 .................................................................................................. .. 12/26 12!31 Greece ................................ ...................... .................... 362.66 .................... 376.76 .................... .................... .......... ........ ..

~~~ .. ~:::::::::: : ::::::::: : ::::::: : ::::::::::::::::·· .. ii'/22 .......... i1i'2s ..... Eiiiianii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......... 387:ixi·:::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11/25 11/30 Germany........................................................................ 459.00 .................... 1,204.08 .......................................................... ..

Bob Traxler........................................................... 11/6 11/11 Bahamas................................................................. ...... 282.00 .................... 360.00 .......................................................... .. George Allen.......................................................... 10/17 10/19 United Kingdom............................ .................................. 258.00 .................................................................................................. ..

10/19 10/21 Germany..... ................................................................... 210.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/21 10/22 France.......................................................................... 117.00 .................. .. ................................................. ...... ................. ...... .. 10/23 10/29 Italy ............................................................................. 687.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/29 10/30 Belgium................................................................. ....... 117.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/30 10/31 Germany........................................................................ 105.00 .................... 1,295.00 ......................................................... .. . 12/7 12/9 Egypt............................................................................ 150.00 ................................................................................................... . 12/9 12/14 Kenya............ ............................................................... 375.00 .................................................................................................. .. 12!14 12!15 Djibouti ......................................................................... 82.00 .................................................................................................. .. 12/15 12!17 Oman............................................................................ 245.00 ........................................ ........................................ .................. .. 12/17 12/20 Saudi Arabia .................................................................. 304.00 .................... 3,296.00 ........................................................... .

Robert V. Davis...... ............................................................... 10/8 United States............................................. .................... 75.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/9 10/12 Egypt.... .......................................................... .............. 255.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/12 10/13 Israel............................................................................ 150.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/13 10/15 Turkey............. ............................................................. 150.00 .... .............................................................................................. .. 10/15 10/16 Greece .......................................................................... 75.00 ........................................ ........................................ ................... . 10/16 10/18 Italy............................................................................. 150.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/18 10/21 Nethet1ands........................................ ........ .................... 225.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/21 10/23 Germany.................................................................. ...... 150.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/23 10/27 Scotland ..................................... ... ................................ 300.00 .................... 2,854.00 .................... ............. .......................... .

Aubrey A. Gunnels.................................................. 11/1 11/4 Ireland.......................................................................... 544.00 .................................................................................................. .. 11/5 11/5 England......................................................................... 129.00 ..... ............... ............................................................ ................... . 11/6 11/6 Germany............ .. ............................................... ... ........ 105.00 .................................................................................................. .. 11/6 11/8 France ....... ................................................................... 234.00 .................... 2,277.09 ........................................................... .

Richard N. Malow ................................................... 11/6 11/9 Bahamas............................................ .. ..... .................... 282.00 .................... 330.00 ........................................ .................. .. John G. Osthaus..................................................... 10/9 10/11 Nicaragua .................................................. .................... 150.00 .................................................................................................. ..

10/11 10/13 Guatemala ..................................................................... 150.00 .... ............................................................................................... . 10/13 10/15 Mexico.................................................................... ...... 225.00 ........................................ ........................................................... . 10/15 10/17 United States................................................................. 100.00 .................... 1,031.76 .......................................................... ..

Terry Peel............................................................. 10/12 10/14 ...... do........................................................................... 150.00 ....... ........................................................................................... .. 10/14 10/16 Korea..................................... ....................................... 150.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/16 10/18 Hong Kong .................................... ............ .................... 150.00 .................................................. ................................................ .. 10/18 10/19 Philippines ................................................................. .... 75.00 ................................................................................................... .

~~~~~ ~~m ~~~~~.:::::: : :: ::::::: : :::::::::: ::::: ::: : :::: :: :::::::: :::::::::::::::: ~~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/24 10/26 Thailand................. ................................................ ....... 150.00 .................................................................................................. ..

~~~~~ ~~m ~~:: :::: :: ::: :::: : :: ::::::~: ::::: : :: :::: :: ::: :::::: : :::::: : :: : : :::: :: :: : ::::: ~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/28 10/29 Azores................................ .......................................... 75.00 .................................................................................................. ..

a~~:1

::::::::::: : :::::: ::::: : : ::::::::::::: :::i~j:ii:: ::::: ::: :i~j:i~:: :::~~~~:::: : ::::: :::::::::: :: :::::::::: ::::::::::::::::: :::: :: :::: :::: ::::::: :::: : : :::: : :::~~:i:~::::::::: ::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/13 10/16 Switzerland.................................................................... 300.00 ................................................................................................... .

~~~~~ ~~m re~ey· :: ::::::::: ::~: ::: :::: :: : :: : : :::::::::: : ::::::: ::::::::: :: :: :::::: ::::: :: ~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/23 10/28 Egypt........................................................ .................... 450.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/28 10/29 Switzerland................................................ .................... 100.00 .................... 3,081.40 .................... ...................................... ..

Austin G. Smith .................................................................... 10/8 United States................................................................. 75.00 ...................................................................................... ............. . 10/9 10/12 Egypt............................................................................ 225.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/12 10/13 Israel ........... ................................................................. 150.00 ............................................................ ...................................... .. 10/13 10/15 Turkey .......................................................................... 150.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/15 10/16 Greece .......................................... ................................ 75.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/16 10/18 Italy ............................................................................. 150.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/19 10/21 Germany........................................................................ 225.00 ................................................................................................... .

&!a~~.~.:: :::::~:::::::::: :: : :: :::::::: :::: :: :::: : : :: .. ··io/i2' ......... iii/i4 ..... ui.~eii- Siiies·: :::: ::::: : : :: ::::::: :: :::: : ::::::: ::::: ::: ::::::::: :: :::: :: : :: :: ......... 15'<i:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~:~ .. :: : :: :: : : ::: :~: :::: : : :::: ::: :::: ::::: : :: : : :: :: :::::::::: : :: 10/14 10/16 Korea............................................................................ 150.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/16 10/18 Hong Kong.................................................................... 150.00 ............................................................ ...................................... .. 10/18 10/19 Philippines......... ........................................ ............. ....... 75.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/19 10/21 Diego Garcia...................... ....................................... ..... 150.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/21 10/24 Australia.................................................... .................... 225.00 ............................................................ ...................................... .. 10/24 10/26 Thailand .............................. .......................... ......... ....... 150.00 ............. ....... .............................................................................. ..

~~~~~ 1~m ~~:: : :: :: ::: ::: ::::::::::: ::::::: ::::: : :::::::::: : :: :::: :: :::::::::::: :: :::::: ~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/28 10/29 Azores.......................................................................... 75.00 ........ ............ ........................... ................................................... ..

rsn~~~::::::: :: : :: ::::::::: ::: ::: ::::::::: :: :: : :: ::: :: :::: : :: :::::i~j~:::::::ij~~~:~¥~::::::: ::: :::: : :: ::::: ::::: : ::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::: :::: : : ::::: ::::~:~:: :: :::::::: :: :::::::: ....... ~:~.~:~~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/6 10/7 Greenland ...................................................................... 75.00 ................................................................................................ .. .. 10/8 .................. United States................................................................. 25.00 .................... 136.00 ................................................. : ......... .

............... 10/13 United States............................................. .............. ...... 75.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/14 10/14 United Kingdom .............................................................. 75.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/15 10/17 Kenya ........................................................................... 150.00 ................................................................................................... .

~~~~~ ~~m := = ·n.;ei·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10/20 10/21 Oman............................................................................ 75.00 ................................................................................................... . 10/21 10/22 Singapore...................................................................... 75.00 ............................................................ .................... ................... . 10/22 10/24 Japan............................................................................ 150.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/24 10/27 PhHippines ..................................................................... 225.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/27 10/28 Guam............................................................................ 75.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/28 10/29 Hawaii.......................................................................... 100.00 .................................................................................................. .. 10/30 .................. United States............................................. .................... 50.00 .................................................................................................. ..

Transportation...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4,478.31 .......................................................... ..

Committee total................................................................................................................................................................ 15,304.66 .................... 47,983.70 .......................................................... ..

u.s. dolar equivalent

or U.S. currency t

110.00 768.64 428.00 739.42

2,887.00 387.00

1,663.08 642.00 258.00 210.00 117.00 687.00 117.00

1,400.00 150.00 375.00 82.00

245.00 3,600.00

75.00 225.00 150.00 150.00 75.00

150.00 225.00 150.00

3,154.00 544.00 129.00 105.00

2,511.09 612.00 150.00 150.00 225.00

1,131.76 150.00 150.00 150.00 75.00

150.00 225.00 150.00 75.00 75.00 75.00

6,274.08 4,521.75

234.00 300.00 273.00 300.00 450.00

3,181.40 75.00

225.00 150.00 150.00 75.00

150.00 225.00

2,564.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 75.00

150.00 225.00 150.00 75.00 75.00 75.00

4,539.75 6,243.08

50.00 75.00

161.00 75.00 75.00

150.00 75.00

150.00 75.00 75.00

150.00 225.00 75.00

100.00 50.00

4,478.31

63,288.36

1 Per diem constitutes IOOging and meals. • H foreign cunency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. JAMIE WHITTEN, lllainnal.

February 9, 1981.

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2725 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, SURVEYS, AND INVESTIGATIONS STAFF, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED

BETWEEN OCT. 1, 1980, AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per diem I Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Country · U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S.

currency' currency• currency' currency'

C. R. Anderson ................................................ -..... 11/30 12/4 Mexico.......................................................................... 300.00 .................... 619.50 .................... ........................................ 919.50 Stuart W. Angevine................................................. 11/30 12/4 ...... do........................................................................... 300.00 ..................................................................................................................... .

12/4 12[7 Costa Rica..................................................................... 262.50 .................... 991.75 ............................................................ 1,554.25 Lewis E. Evans...................................................... 11/30 12/4 Mexico.......................................................................... 300.00 ..................... , ............................................................................................... .

12/4 12/7 Costa Rica ................................................. _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... __ 26_2._50_ .. _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ .. __ 9_91_.7_5 _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ .. _1-'-,5_54_.25

Cornlllittee total............................................................. ................................................................................... .................... 1,425.00 .................... 2,603.00 .................... .................... .................... 4,028.00

•Per diem constitutes lodging and meals. •11 foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equlvalen~ n U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. JAMIE WHITTEN, Chairman.

Februa!y 9, 1981.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITIEE ON ARMED SERVICES, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per Diem I Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Country U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S.

currency' currency • . currency • currency 2

G. V. Montgomely .................................................. 10/5 10/9 Panama......................................................................... 300.00 .................... s 896.63 .................... ........................................ 1,196.63 Patricia Schroeder................................................... 11!23 12/5 Thailand........................................................................ 825.00 .................... '2,170.00 ............................................................ 2,995.00 G. Kim Wincup....................................................... 1211 12/5 Germany .................................................... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _. __ 37_5._00_._ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ .. _.-'-1,0_64_.oo_ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ .. _..c...1,43_9_.oo

Committee total........................................................................... ..................................................................................... 1,500.00 .................... 4,130.63 .................... .................... .................... 5,630.63

• Per diem constitutes lodging and meals. 'If foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; If U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. 3 Transportation paid !rj Department of the Army. • Transportation paid !rj Department of State.

MELVIN PRICE, Chairman. January 30, 1981.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITIEE ON BANKING, FINANCE AND URBAN AFFAIRS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1, 1980, AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per Olem I Transportation Other purposes Total


currency• currency• currency • currency •

Stephen S. Cohen................................................... 10/12 10/23 France ........................................ .'................................. 1,287.00 .................... 3 589.00 ........................................ .................... 1,876.00 .. . .. ... ... .... ............ ...... ....... ... ... ... ... ... ... ................. ... . . ......... ..... ... . .. ...... ..... . ... .. . . ...... ...... ....... ....... ............. '128.26 . ...... .. .... ... ... . . . ... .. .... .......... ....... .... ... ..... 128.26

James It Galbraitlt................................................. 10/12 10/20 France.......................................................................... 1,053.00 .................... •20.04 ............................................................ 1,073.04 10/20 10/24 West Germany................................................................ 553.00 .................... '199.00 ............................................................ 752.00 10/24 10/31 England......................................................................... 903.00 ................................................................................ .................... 903.00 10/31 11!05 SWeden......................................................................... 856.00 .................... 3 1,149.00 ........................................ .................... 2,005.00

Richard Medley...................................................... 10/12 10/25 West Germany................................................................ 1,136.00 .................... '231.11 ............................................................ 1,367.11 , • , • ..... • •• ... .. ......... . .. . ....... 3 793.00 ........................................ .................... 793.00

Andrew Martin ........................................................... iiii24"" ...... "iiiiii"""~::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:.:::::::::::::::::::::::.:.:::: ..... ::::::::::::.: .. :::: ... ::::...................... 3677.70 ............................................................ 2,933.70 John Zysman ......................................................... 10/01 10/08 France.......................................................................... 819.00 .................... ................................................................................ 819.00

10/08 10/12 England................................................................................................................. 1255.86 ........................................ .................... 255.86 10/12 10/18 France ...................................................... .................... .................... .................... '108.70 ............................................................ 108.70

~~~~~ ~~m rr:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......... ~.~~:~.~ ~~s~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ~~m ~~~~2 rr:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::: ~:m:~ :::::::::::::::::::: s;~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:m:~

. •222.71 ............................................................ 222.71 John zysman ........................................................... ·1 iiis· ......... i i"i2ii ..... rianc:e· :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ii7o:oo· · :::::::::::::::::::. s412.oo ... . ..... . ...... .... . ................... ........... ... ... ... 1.ss2.oo

11!20 11/20 london.................................................................................................................. '357.95 ............................................................ 357.95 11/21 11!22 France .......................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ ..

J. William Stanton.................................................. 11110 11/12 Belgium........................................................................ 228.00 .................... •36.27 ............................................................ 264.27 11!12 11/15 Denmark....................................................................... '420.00 .................... •977.06 ............................................................ 1,397.06

Return................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1,310.00 ............................................................ 1,310.00 Bruce Vento.......................................................... 11!10 11/12 Belgium.................. ...................................................... 228.00 .................... '36.27 ............................................................ 264.27

11!12 11!17 Denmark....................................................................... 525.00 .................................................................................................... 525.00 11/17 11!17 France.................................................................................................................. •2,650.85 ............................................................ 2,650.85

Chalme!s Wylie...................................................... 11/10 11/12 Belgium ............................. -......................................... 228.00 .................... •36.27 ............................................................ 264.27 11!12 11/17 Demark......................................................................... 525.00 ................................................................................ .................... 525.00 11!17 11!17 France.................................................................................................................. •2,650.85 ........................................ .................... 2,650.85

Norman Shumway................................................... 11!10 11!12 Belgium........................................................................ 228.00 .................... •36.27 ............................................................ 264.27 11!12 11/17 Denmark....................................................................... 525.00 .................................................................................................... 525.00 11/17 11/17 france.................................................................................................................. 32,650.85 ............................................................ 2,650.85

John J. LaFalce ................................................. :.... 11/22 11!29 Spain............................................................................ 623.00 .................... •3,095.31 ............................................................ 3,718.31 Edwin Wetlber........................................................ 12/13 12/23 Israel............................................................................ 630.00 .................................................................................................... 2,244.00 1 wrt ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... 11,614.00 ............................................................................ ..

Committee total_................................................................................................................................................................ 17,391.00 .................... 23,424.39 ............................................................ 40,815.39

'l'w liem constitutes lodlin2 and meals. 'If foreign currency is usedt enter U.S. dollar equivalen~ n U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. 'Transportation-Department of State. 'Ground transportation. 'Transpor1ation-Department of k torce. 'Returned $105 IIHISed per liem to reasury Department ·

HENRY S. REUSS, Menar. January 3, 1981.

2726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFACIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMmEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per diem 1 Transportation Other pWJIOSeS Total

Name of MenUr or employee u.s. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar U.S. dollar Arrival Departure Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent

currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency' currency' currency' currency'

G. R. Benles.......................................................... 10/22 10/23 Great Britain .................................................................. 129.00 .................... .................... ........................................ .................... 129.00 10/23 10/26 Oman............................................................................ 369.00 .................... 21.00 .................... ........................................ 390.00 10/26 10/30 Kenya··········································································· 300.00 .................... .................... ............................................................ 300.00 10/30 1112 Somar~a. .... . .. ....... .... .... ................................. .... ............. 11.00 .................................................................................................... 11.00 11/2 11/6 Saudi Arabia·································································· 646.00 .................... 127.66 .................... 50.16 .................... 823.82 11!6 11/9 Egypt....... ..................................................................... 225.00 ................................................................................ .................... 225.00 11/9 11/12 Israel............................................................................ 239.00 .................... 112.00 .................... 105.43 .................... 456.43 11/12 11/14 Great Britain.................................................................. 258.00 .................................................................................................... 258.00

~l:~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::·-1i'i22" ........ i2i2o ..... Sii3.iii:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ······us-z:oo·:::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~.~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:l~:~

~=~~~:.T ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ii~~~::: :::::::ii~~ij::: ::j~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ::::: ::::~~~: : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ....... ::~.!~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1

·m:a ll~ ll~~4 ~~.::::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::: :::: :: : ::::::::: :: :::::::::::::: : ::::::::: 6~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6~~:~ 11/14 11/18 West Germany................................................................ 408.00 .................................................................................................... 408.00

~~~m:~~.::::::::::: :: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: .... ioi2s .......... ii7i ....... SWiileiianiL::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·· ....... 63s:az··:::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4'~~:~

~=-.~~~.:::::::::::: :::: ::: ::::::::::::::::: ::::: ... mlr ....... mr ..... Ei~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ......... rH:~· ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :::::::::~:::~~:: ~~~~~~:~::~~~~~:~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r*~~ 12/2 12/2 Namibia............................................................................................. 75.00 .................... ........................................ .................... 75.00 12/3 12/4 South Africa................................................................... 75.00 .................................................................................................... 75.00 12/4 12/5 Great Britain.................................................................. 261.00 ................................................................................ .................... 261.00

ll~~ ll~~3 ~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: 5~~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5~:~ 11/13 11/14 Great Britain.................................................................. 129.00 .................... 48.00 ............................................................ 177.00

~~ ~~.::::::::::::::::::: :::: :: :::::::::::::: : :· .. IB·fr····· .. n~n .... ·~~~::::::::::::::::::::: :::: : : :: : : ::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ......... ~~f~· :::::::::::::::::::: 5

•6

~Ur :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ij:ij:::::::::::::::::::::: 5·m:H

11/17 11/17 France ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

~i~~~.::::::::::::::: :: ::::::::: : :::::: :::::::::::: ···mir ....... fr~Ir· .. ~~~::::::::::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: ::: ::::::: ::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::· ........ ~~t~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: 2

•6

~:~r :::::::: :: ::::::::: ::: :::::::::i~:ij:::::::::::::::::::::: 2

·~~:u 11/17 11/17 France .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..

~: :: ::: : :: :. :.:;;~;; ;;;;;~ ;1: :: : :~: =:: : ;;;: ~:~i! :: : : ::~;~ ::· .;::: ::If: 11/17 11/17 France ....... ........................... ................................................................................................................................................................................ ..

rir~~~.::::::: :: :::::::::::::: :::: :::::::::::::::::: .... iili2 .......... iiii7'····oenmaiL:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::··· .. -··sz·s:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: 2'6~:~~ :::::::::::::::::::: ........... 4iif:::::::::::::::::::: 2'~~:~~ 11/17 11/17 France ................................................ .................................................................. .............................................................................. ..

ru~~~.:::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: :: : :: ::: : ·"1iii22'"'"'"'iiii23""'Gieat'8iii.aiii::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::::::::: : :::::::· · ....... 129:oo":::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 '~~~:~ 10/23 10/27 Oman.................................. .......................................... 418.89 .................... 21.00 ............................................................ 439.89 10/27 10/29 UAE. ....................................................... .................... 264.00 .................... .................... .................... .................... ... ................. 264.00 10/30 10/31 Saudi Arabia .......................................................................................................................................................................................... ................ .. 11/3 11/6 ...... do........................................................................... 519.00 .................... 496.96 .................... 50.16 .................... 1,066.12 10/31 11/3 Yemen.......................................................................... 355.43 .................................................................................................... 355.43

ll~~ ll~~2 ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : : ::::: : :::::::::::::::::: ~~~:~ ::::::::::::::::::::·"""''i'i'i:oo·:::::::::::::::::::: ......... i'o5:43"::::::::::::::::::::, m:~ 10/29 10/30 Bahrain ......................................................................... 123.70 .................................................................................................... 123.70

~~~~~~.::::: :::::: : ::::::::::::::::: :::::::: :::: .... ii/i2' ......... im:;-···oenn;a·ik·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::····-· .. 343:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: 3'53~:~ :::::::::::::::::::: ........... 4iir:::::::::::::::::::: 3·~~:~~ 11/17 11/17 France ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

Military transjXlrtation .......... · ....... · .. · ............... · .... · ...... io/22 ... · · · .... i oi23 .... ·r;rearsiii.aiii :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: · ...... "i'z9:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: 1'~~~:~ 10/23 10/27 Oman............................................................................ 405.00 .................... 21.00 ............................................................ 426.00 10/27 10/29 UAE. ....................................................... .................... 264.00 ............................................................ ........................................ 264.00 10/29 10/30 Bahrain......................................................................... 123.70 .................................................................................................... 123.70 10/30 10/31 Saudi Arabia .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..

IM~1 ll~~3 vei!·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m:~ :::::::::::~::::::: ......... ~.~:~~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: ........... ~:~.~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: 1·m:~ II~~ 11~~2 ~::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::: :::::: :::: ::::: : ::: :::::::: :::: : ::: m:~ :::::::::::::::::::: ......... ~~-~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: ......... ~.~.~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: ~~:~

Committee transportation ......................................... ............... ....................................................................................................... .................... .................... 3,530.30 .................... .................... .................... 3,530.30 11/12 11/17 Denmark....................................................................... 343.00 .................... 1.01 .................... 48.13 .................... 392.14 11/17 11/17 France ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

Committee transjXlrtation ........................................................ ........................................................................................................................... .................... 1,673.79 .................... ........................................ 1,673.79

t~;~:::~:.::==J::::::::: :: :i~:.:: ;::~::::: ::~:::: :: : :: : : ::-:: ~~:: :::: :E:~.;~ : ::::: :::::: ::::~~:.- .. mi 10/11 10/18 Zaire............................................................................. 545.31 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 545.31 10/18 10/23 Kenya........................................................................... 298.60 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... 298.60 10/23 10/26 Somalia......................................................................... 141.56 .................................................................................................... 141.56 10/26 10/29 Italy ............................................................................. 273.00 .................... .................... ........................................ ................ .... 273.00

ll~ lt~~3 ~.:::::::: : :::::::::: :::::: :::::::: :::::: : ::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::: : : ~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~ 11/13 11/14 Great Britain.................................................................. 129.00 .................................................................................................... 129.00

=r~~.~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::: ... 1llis .......... i1722 ..... Bei&iiiffl·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::···· .... ·4s9:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: 5'6~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5·lli:~ = r·~-~~.::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: : :::: ::::::"'1iii9"'" ....... iiii'iii'""rim·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......... i'i'i:oo":::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~ .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1·m:~

10/11 10/17 Zaire............................................................................. 366.79 .................................................................................................... 366.79

t~~~~ I~m =-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:=:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g~:~ Cammitlle tnnspor1Jtian ......................................... ••.•.•••••••••• .................. ..... ... ..... .................................................... .................... .................... .................... 3,228.00 .................... ···················· .................... 3,228.00

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2727 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFACIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMffiEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980-

Continued

Date f'er diem I Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or empkYfee Country u.s. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar U.S. dollar Arrival Departure Foreign ecpvatent Foreign ecpvalent Foreign equivalent Foreign ecPvalent

cunency or U.S. cunency or U.S. cunency or U.S. cunency or U.S. cunency• cunency• cunency• currency.

D. Pease............................................................... 11m 11~1~ ~~~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: : : ::::::::::::::::: ::: ::::: : :: : ::::: : : :: : : m:~~ :::::::::::::::::::: 3t~r ::::::::::::::::::::···········4s:1r:::::::::::::::::::: ~:~f 11/17 11/17 France ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

:~~~.::::::: : : :::: : :::: ::::::::: :: : : ::::::::::::::···"iois····· ·······ioi"io·····France·:::::::::: :: ::::::::::: ::::: : :: : :::::::::: : :: :: :::::: : :::::: : :;: ::::::::::· ········234:o~:;-: ::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~:~~-.:::::::::::::::: : :: ::: :: : :::::: ::::::::::: ::::: : :::::::::::: 2·~~:M

~-=~~::: : :: : :::••!!w.!~-~:~ ~ ~:~1=~:::~~ :: ~ : :•m !!-~.:::; :::=:~~~:~:=f:::::::::::::: :• ; ::: ~ ,,f~ 12/6 12/12 France.. ........................................................................ 770.00 .................... 75.00 ............................................................ 845.00

~~~:r~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::: :::::::···"iilif .. ······"ivi:r····Gieai.sriiaiii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·········2ss:ixi·:::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~.~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1·m:~ 11/13 11/15 France...... .................................................................. 234.00 .................................................................................................... 234.00 11/15 11/17 Switzerland .................................................................... 200.00 .................................................................................................... 200.00

=~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::····i~i:·········iiiii·····ii:i:::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::~:: :·· ·· ·· ···;;;~~··::~::~::~::~::::: ~::; ;;;;;;~~~~:~;;::~::::::::~: ::::~:::: :::::::::~~~~~::~~:~ ~~~~~~~~~~:~~~:: 2·!i~E ~m~~~.:: ::::::: :::::::::: : :: :::: ::::::: ::::::: :···mir· ······mir··~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·········~~f~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: ::: ::::~:~~:~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1·m:~

11/18 11/21 Belgium........................................................................ 235.20 .................... 431.61 .................... ........................................ 666.81 11/17 11/17 France............................... .. ................................................................................. 56.32 ............................................................ 56.32 11/21 11/23 Italy ..................................................................................................................... 63.96 ............................................................ 63.96

~~~~~.:::::::::::: :: :::: ::::: :::: ::::::::::::: : :::: ···I~~~r·· · ···I~~~r····~~:~~!~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::::::: :::::::::::::: ::: :::: :::· ········~~t~··:::::: :::::::: ::::::········-~~-;::--:::: ::::::: :::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::: 1~:~ 1~~~~ ~~~~0 =ii::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3~:~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3~:~ 11/2 11/6 Saudi Arabia.................................................................. 646.00 ···················· 127.66 ............................................................ 773.66 11/6 11/9 Egypt............................................................................ 225.00 .................................................................................................... 225.00 11/9 11/12 Israel................. ........................................................... 239.00 .................... 112.00 .................... 105.43 .................... 456.43 11/12 11/13 Great Britain .................................................................. 129.00 .................... 6.86 ............................................................ 135.86

rH~t ~~.:::::::::: :::: :::::::: :::: ::::: ::::::::: :· ·· ·ioi2f········"ioi2f ··· ·Grea·t·aiitain :::: :::::::::::::::::: :: :::::::::::: :::: :::::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~-~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~:~.~:~ 11/12 11/13 ...... do........................................................................... 258.00 ···································································································· 258.00 10/23 10/27 Oman............................................................................ 492.00 .................... 21.00 .................... .................... .................... 513.00 10/27 10/29 UAE. ....................................................... .................... 209.58 ................................................................................ .................... 209.58 10/30 10/30 Bahrain..... .................................................................... 142.00 ........................................ .................... ........................................ 142.00 10/30 10/31 Saudi Arabia •••••••••••..••••••...••••..••••.••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••....•••••• ·••·•·•••··•·•••·••·•·••·•••••••••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••• 11/3 11/6 ....... do........................................................................... 634.00 .................... 127.66 ... ................. 50.16 .................... 811.82 10/31 11/3 Yemen.... ...................... ................................................ 414.00 .................................................................................................... 414.00

11~~ 11~~2 ~:::: ::::::::::::::::::::: :::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::::::::::: m:~ ::::::::::::::::::::·········m:iiii·::::::::::::::::::::····· .. ··1os:4j··:::::::::::::::::::: m:~ ~~i:.~~~.::::::: :: : : :::::::::::::::::: ::::::::: :::····w"io .......... iili2·····Bei~iiiti·::::::: :::: :::::::::: :: ::::::: : :::::::::::::::::::: :: : :: : :: :::::::::: ::: · · ····· ·· 22s:iiii·: :::::::::::: ::::: : : 3•9§~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3·~~~

11/12 11/17 Denmark....................................................................... 525.00 ................. ... 1.01 .................... 48.13 .................... 574.14 11/17 11/17 France ........................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................ .

=~~~~.:::::::::::::: :::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::::···mi~·· · ······Ir~Ir···~~~::::::: :: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::::· ········~~l~·· :::::::::::::::::::: 2

•6

~:~f ::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::i~: I~:::::::::::::::::::::: 2

·L~:i! 11/17 11/17 France ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

Mirrtary transportation ....••.•..•...••••.••••••••.••.. ......•.•••••.•.......••.•.• ..•.•.............••....•....•....••..........•........•........•....••.•.••.•..•.. ........•.....••.... •..........•..•..•.. ...........•..•..... 2,650.85 .................... .................... .................... 2,650.85

Grand total.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 129,201.18

11'er diem constiMes lodging and meals. •H foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; ~ U.S. cunency is used, enter amount expended. CUMEHT J. ZABLOCKI, Olairman.

January 30, 1981.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITIEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date l'erd"lelll' Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Country U.S. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar Foreign

u.s. dollar = equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent ecPvalent Arrival Departure or U.S. cunency or U.S. cunency or U.S. currency or U.S. cunency• currency. cunency. cunency.

Michael F. Barrett.................................................. 11/29 12/03 ~~~ny·· .. ··. ·.· .. ··.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·•·.·.·•·.••••·.·.·.·.•.·.·.• •• ··.·.·. ·.· •. ··.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.· .. ··.•. 296.00 706.00 ( •) 2,096.30 .................... .................... .................... 2,802.30

g~~ m~ Fr.:: ··················-·································· 3,42l~ ......... 77"0:"00 ........... 29iiiii""""""""""""5.i:iiii" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·········zsa:oo·· ·········a24:oo

i~~:~::-:~::::::::~:;;:~ .. ii .. ·-j~i·ti:~~~~;~~:~=~~;~:~ ;ii····ii::::::JI :t~ :l;~;;::~::=~:~=:;~::~~~ ~~~ 11/12 11/17 Denmark................................................... 2,887.50 525.00 ('l 2,650.85 ............................................................ 3,175.85

Nancy Mathews...................................................... 10/17 11/08 France...................................................... 2,012.40 468.00 952.00 221.38 ........................................ 952.00 689.38 11/08 11/17 England..................................................... 407.08 979.3~ 82.1!0 196.00 ........................................ 82.00 1,175.36

:: ~~:=~~-=::==:=:::~·:· .. !~ .. ---~~-~I:::~~::-::~=s~T~:~~:~g~::~::~!::::dl::~~:;-~~::~~~:~:::~~- II Midtael 1 wan1..................................................... ~~~~: 1~~n =::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2.t~i~ ~~:~ 858~~ 2·~:S ::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::::::·········858:00.. 2·~~

11/01 11/08 France...................................................... 4,024.80 936.00 269.00 62.55 ··-················ .................... 269.00 998.55

Henry A. Waxman, flt.C................................. .......... H~~ H~~~ ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 20,~:~ m:~ ······-······<·r········3:ii9I3r::::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: aJ~:W

2728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 23, 1981 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND

DEC. 31, 1980-Continued

Date ·

Name of Member or employee Arrival Departure

Country

Transportation Other purposes

U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign

Currency or U.S. currency currency'

equivalent Foreign or U.S. currency

currency'

equivalent Foreign or U.S. currency

currency'

Total

u.s. dollar eqlivalent

or U.S. currency t

~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: : : : :: : :::: :::: ::: ~~~~~ 10/26 Germany........ ........................... ................. .................... 474.00 ( :j 2,392.00 ...................................................... ...... 2,866.00 10/26 ...... do ....................................................... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _. __ 47_4._00 ___ (:.....:...._ __ 8_94_.00_ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _...:..1.3_68_.00

Convnittee total............................................................. ................................................................................................... .... 11,847.n .................... 29,834.44 ............................................................ 41,682.21

1 Per d"lelll constitutes lodging and meals. •Military.

•n foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. •Per diem for Germany received in London, England. •Commercial.

JOHN D. DINGEU, Member.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per d"lell1 1 Transportation Other purposes Total


currency• currency' currency• currency I

Hubbard, Hon. Carroll .............................................. 10/18 10/23 Republic of Panama......................................................... 375.00 .................... "942.00 .................... .................... .................... 1,317.00 10/26 do ......... ............................................................... 600.00 .................... 622.00 .................... .................... .................... 1,222.00 Lawson, Janie L ..................................................... 10/18

Oakley, Jana R....................................................... 10/18 Seifert, Gerald........................................................ 10/5 Wallace, Sidney A................................................... 10/18

10/18 do....................................... ................................. 600.00 .................... 622.00 .................... .................... .................... 1,222.00 10/10 France................... ....................................................... •702.00 .................... 980.00 ..........•......... .................... .................. .. 1,682.00 11/1 United Kingdom .......................................... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... __ 1,_80_6.00_ .. _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ .. _1_,0_84_.00_ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ .. _2...:...,8_90_.00

Committee total......... .................................................... ............................... .................................................... ............ ...... .. 4,083.00 .................... 4,250.00 .................... .................... .................... 8,333.00

1 Per d"1e111 constitutes lodging and meals. •H foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. •T ransportation paid by Department of Defense. •Traveler returned $lf8.78 to Department of State via letter from acting chairman dated October 16, 1980.

WALTER B. JONES, Member. January 29, 1981.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Perdiem 1 Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Country U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S.


Yeager, PhiriP B ··························································s72a··· 1~W ~:nd States ..... .............. .............. ............ ·········150:53 .. ·········38'1:iiii. :::::::::::::::::::: ......... ~~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: ·········150:53·· ~~:~ ~~~~ ~~~~ =c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ :m:~~ ~~:~ ·········•8a:oo··········~rs:32":::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:m:1~ ~rs:~ 10/8 10/12 France............................................ ........ .. 2,427.75 585.00 ........................................ .................... .................... 2,427.75 585.00 10/12 .................. United States ....................................... ...................................................................... ................. ............................................................................ .

Holmfeld, John D................................................................... 10/16 ...... do............... .................................................................................................... 187.50 .................... ........................................ 187.50 10/16 10/18 Canada..... ............................... .................. 173.78 150.00 ................................................................................ 173.78 150.00 10/18 .................. United States .......... ...... ............................................ ..................... .... ...................... ................................................................................................ '

Spensley, James w .................................................... 1i'i3····· ~~~~ sw:n:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::····· .. 2;99'9:7:s- ··········:;os:oii··········4iii50.. 2'~~:~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::···· .. '3:'4~'1:28.. 2'~:~ • 11/7 .................. United States ..................................................................................................................................................................... .................... ................. .

Khedouri, Frederick N .................................................. ii'iJ'···· ~~~~ sw:n:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::····· .. 2:s99:78 ........... 7iis:ixi'········ ·4oJ:5iJ.. 2'3~:~ :::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::·······3;4iij:za· 2'~:~ 11/7 . .. . .. ... ...... ... United States ..................................................................................................................................................................... .................... ................. .

Marceau.................................................................... ........... 11/14 ...... do... ............................................................................................ 1,899.54 2,239.50 .............. .......................... 1,899.54 2,239.50 11/15 12/11 Australia....................... ................................................. ........................................ .................... 349.17 410.11 349.17 410.11 12/12 .................. United States ............................................................. ........ ................................................................ ..................... ........... .................... ................. .

Maxwell, Paul C.................................................................... 11/15 ...... do................................................................................................................... 2,713.90 ............................. ........... .................... 2,713.90 11/15 11120 Venezuela ............... ................................... 2,225.60 520.00 2,900.00 677.57 .................... .................... 3,125.60 1,197.57 11/20 11/25 Brazil........................................................ 30,455.22 498.00 4,260.00 69.66 .................... .................... 34,715.22 567.66 '

~~~~~ ....... ~~!.~~- -- =Sta"ies-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~-~:~ .. ......... ~~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ....... ~:~~-~:~ ........... ~:~ . T~ ullian M ....................................................... ii/25··· ~~m Me!::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·····ro:37'2:so···········•so:oo··:::::::::::::::::::: ...... ... ~~-~:~ .. :::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::····To:37iso.. ~~:~

11/29 .................. United States ..................................................................................... ........................................... ..................................... ..................................... .

Brown. George E.. Jr ................................................... ii/23'.. ~~m can~t::::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::: : ::: ::: : :: :: :::::::::::····· .... r7hr····· .... 1so:oo··:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ····· .... 17'1:38 .. ········Tso:oo 11/28 .................. United States ............................................. .................... ........... ......... ..................................................................................................................... .

Moss................................................................................. .. 11/23 ...... do ........ ........................................................................................................................................................................................... ................. . 11/23 11/28 Canada.............................. ........................ 88.69 75.00 ..............................••................................................ 88.69 75.00

Heitowit, Ezra ........................................................... ~~!.~~--- ....... i1i2s ... ~~~~-~-~~.: ::::: : ::::: :: :::: ::::::: :::: :: : : :: : :~:::: :: : :: :::: ::: ::: : : :::::::::: ::::: : ::::::::: :::::: ::::: :::::::::···· · .. usfoo··::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .. .... Us7:oo! 11/29 12/3 United Kingdom.......................................... 296.00 706.00 176.52 421.01 .................... .................... 472.52 1,127.01

m~ m~2 =~::::: : :: ::::: : ::::: ::: ::: :::::::: :::::: : :: :: ::: :: : :: · · ··--·3;426:5ii' '""" '"'fio:oo···········2oo:oo--···········4i4f ::::::::::::::: : :: : : : ::::: :::: :: ::: :: : ::···· .. '3;62'6:5ii··········aii47 : ~ .. : ................................................................ ~~!.~~-- - ·····Tii2s ... ~~~-~-~~.: :::::::::: :::::: : ::::::: :::: ::::::: :::: :: ::: :::::: :::::::: ::: : ::::::::: :: :: : : :: :: ::: : :::: :: : ::::: :::: : :: ·· ·· ··us-roo·:: : ::::::::::::::::: : : :: :: ::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :::: ...... Us7:o·i 1

11/29 12/3 United Kingdom.......................................... 296.00 706.00 176.52 421.01 ........................................ 472.50 1,127,01

g~~ mt2 =~:::~:: ::::: ::::: : :: ::::::::::: :::: ::: : :: :::::::: :: : ....... 3:42'6:5ii' ......... 77o:oo·· ......... 5ii9:oo ........... li'o:&s' :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·······3:93'5:5ii' ·········88ii:s·s . 12/12 .................. United States··············-···--··--············ ···································································································· ................................................................. .

Davis, Robert w ......................................................... 12/iii... gm ~::::::: : :: : :::::::::::::::: : : :: : ::::::: :::: :::: : :: ::: : : : :: :: :: ::::: : : :::::· · · .. ····1so:oo·· ::::::::::::::::::::·········:;89:oo .. :::::::::::::::::::: ·········2sur ::: ::::::: : ~ : ::: ::: ······u9ii:s-7 i 12/12 .................. United States ............................................. ............................................................ ................................................................................................. .

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2729 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31,

1980---tontinued

Date Per ciem 1 Transportation Other purposes Total

Name ot Member or employee Arrival Departure

Country U.S. dollar U.S. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. dollar Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent

currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency• currency• currency. currency.

Ertel, Allen E. •........... .. .......................................... 11/6 Hollenbeck, Harold c. •............................................. 11/6

10/80 Bahamas ...................... : ............................ ............................................................................................................................................ ...... .......... .. 10/80 ...... do ............................................................................ .. _ ......................................... ...... .................................................................... ................ ..

Hanson • ................ ...... ........... .............................. 11/6 10/80 ...... do ............................ ............................................... ........................................ .................... ............................................................................ ..

Committee total .......................................... ............................................................................... .................................... ... 8,438.00 .................... 16,504.35 ................... . 661.98 .................... 25,604.33

1 Per diem constitutes lodging and meals. •If foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended. •Supplemental report to be filed on this trip as soon as State Department cost information is received.

DOH FUQUA, Chairman January 29, 1981.

REPORT OF EXPENDITURES FOR OFFICIAL FOREIGN TRAVEL, PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, EXPENDED BETWEEN OCT. 1 AND DEC. 31, 1980

Date Per diem 1 Transportation Other purposes Total

Name of Member or employee Country u.s. dollar U.S. dollar u.s. u.s. F«eign equivalent F«eign equivalent Foreign equivalent Foreign equivalent Arrival Departure currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S. currency or U.S.


Diane E. La Vflf staff Central America ............................................................. 150.00 .............. .............. .. .. ................................................ .................... 150.00

~~ ~: ~~~~~H:::::: : : :: ::: :::: :::::::: ::: : : ::: : :::: : : : :::: ::: : : ::::::: :::::::::::::::::: ~~~~.: : : :: :::: : :: :: : : :::::::::: : :::: :::::::::::::::: : :: :: : : :: : :: : ::::: :: ::::: : : U1~:~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: U1~:~ James 0. Bush, staff ............................................................................... Asia .......................................................... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _. _1.:....,7_68_.00_ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ ... _ .... _ ... _ ... _. _1.:....,7_68_.00

Committee total.. ........................................ .................................................................................... ................. ................. 4,079.00 ............. ..................... ....... .................................................. .. ....... 4,079.00

1 Per d'Jern constitutes lodging and meals. "If foreign currency is used, enter U.S. dollar equivalent; if U.S. currency is used, enter amount expended.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC.

Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive communications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows:

573. A letter from the Secretary of Agriculture, transmitting notice of a delay until January 31, 1982, in the submission of the rural development strategy report required by section 607 of the Rural Development Polley Act of 1980; to the Committee on Agriculture.

574. A letter from the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force <Research, Development and Logistics), transmitting notice of the proposed conversion to contractor performance of the family housing maintenance function at McConnell Air Force Base, Kans., pursuant to section 502(b) of Public Law 96-342; to the Committee on Armed Services.

575. A letter from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense <Installation and Housing), transmitting notice of the location, nature, and estimated cost of various construction projects proposed to be undertaken by the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 2233aO>; to the Committee on Armed Services.

576. A letter from the Acting Director, of ACTION, transmitting notice of proposed final guidelines for applications for minigrants, pursuant to section 420(d) of Public Law 93-113; to the Committee on Education and Labor.

577. A letter from the President, National Railway Passenger Corporation, transmitting the annual report of the Corporation for fiscal year 1980, pursuant to sections 308 and 805 of the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1971, as amended; to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.

578. A letter from the Assistant Attorney General <Antitrust Division), transmitting the semiannual report covering the 6 months ended September 30, 1980, on the voluntary agreement and plan of action to

implement the International Energy Program, pursuant to section 252(i) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act; to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.

579. A letter from the Assistant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, Department of State, transmitting copies of international agreements, other than treaties, entered into by the United States, pursuant to 1 U.S.C. 112b(a); to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

580. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting notice of the proposed refund of $148,742.32 in excess gas royalties to the Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Co., pursuant to section lO of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953, as amended; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

581. A letter from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Land and Water Resources, transmitting a copy of an application by the Buffalo Rapids project, Irrigation District No. 2, Custer and Prairie Counties, Mont., for a loan under the Small Reclamation Projects Act, pursuant to section 4<c> of the act, as amended; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

582. A letter from the Secretary of Transportation, transmitting a report on the utilization of the authority to make payments to officers of the U.S. Coast Guard holding positions of a critical nature during calendar year 1980, pursuant to 37 U.S.C. 306(!>; to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

583. A letter from the Chairman, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, transmitting a quarterly report on the Commission's hiring and promotion of women and minorities, covering the period ended September 30, 1980, pursuant to section 201(h) of Public Law 93-438, as amended; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

584. A letter from the Joint Chairman, Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation, transmitting the draft National Acid Precipitation Assessment plan, pursuant to section 704(c)' of Public Law 96-294; jointly,

EDWARD P. BOlAND, Chairman. January 28, 1981.

to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, and Science and Technology.

585. A letter from the Comptroller General of the United States, transmitting a report on Federal-Interstate Compact Commissions usefulness, and their effectiveness in managing river basin operations < CED-81-34, Feb. 20, 1981>; jointly, to the Committees on Government Operations, and Interior and Insular Affairs.

586. A letter from the Secretary of Energy, transmitting the annual report for fiscal year 1980 on the West Valley Demonstration project, pursuant to section 4 of Public Law 96-368; jointly, to the Committees on Science and Technology, Energy and Commerce, and Interior and Insular Affairs.

PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

Under clause 5 of rule X and clause 4 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows:

By Mr. BEDELL: H.R. 1978. A bill to amend the Internal

Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that social security taxes and income tax withholding shall not apply to certain chore service performed under a State program designed to assist the elderly and the handicapped; to ' the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. BROWN of California: H.R. 1979. A bill to amend the National

Labor Relations Act to provide that the duty to bargain collectively includes bargaining with respect to retirement benefits for retired employees; to the Committee on Education and Labor.

By Mr. PHILLIP BURTON: H.R. 1980. A bill to amend the Immigra

tion and Nationality Act to permit more persons to immigrate from colonies of foreign states; to the Committee on the Judici-ary.

By Mr. GRAMM <for himself and Mr. WRIGHT):

H.R. 1981. A bill to amend the Congres-

2730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE February 23, 1981 sional Budget and Impoundment Control MARSINO, Mr. PoRTER, Mr. RoE, and Act of 1974 to require generally that each Mr. WmTEHURST): congressional budget resolution for any H.R. 1991. A bill to amend the Internal fiscal year provide a balanced budget for Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction that year and for the succeeding fiscal y~ar. for certain contributions to product liability to provide for midyear corrections and to loss reserve accounts; to the Committee on avoid unanticipated deficits, and for other Ways and Means. purposes; jointly, to the Committees on By Mr. JEFFORDS <for himself, Mr. Rules and Government Operations. PERKINs, and Mr. GooDLING):

By Mr. COELHO: H.R. 1992. A bill to extend the authoriza-H.R. 1982. A bill to amend the Internal tion of youth training and employment pro

Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that, in grams and improve such problems, to authe case of an employee annuity, the em- thorize intensive and remedial education ployee may elect to exclude from gross programs for youth, and for other purposes; income all amounts received by the employ- to the Committee in Education and Labor. ee under the annuity until the employee re- By Mr. LUNDINE: covers his consideration for the annuity, H.R. 1993. A bill to provide for the devel-without regard to whether such considera- opment of a plan for the disposal of radioaction is recovered during the first 3 years of tive waste and spent nuclear fuel, to require the annuity; to the Committee on Ways and the construction of repositories in accordMeans. ance with the plan, to establish a Federal

By Mr. CONABLE (for himself, Mr. policy regarding the interim storage and ARCHER, Mr. FRENZEL, Mr. JoNEs of commercial reprocessing of spent nuclear Oklahoma, and Mr. MARTIN of North fuel, to provide for a demonstration proCarolina>: gram for dry storage of such fuel, and for

H.R. 1983. A bill to amend the Internal other purposes; jointly, to the Committees Revenue Code of 1954 to clarify the extent on Energy and Commerce, Interior and Into which a State, or political subdivision, sular Affairs, Rules, and Science and Techmay tax certain income from sources out- nology. side the United States; to the Committee on : By Mr. MOORE: Ways and Means. H.R. 1994. A bill to amend the Internal

By Mr. LEVIT AS: Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that mem-H.R. 1984. A bill to amend the Administra- bers of the uniformed services assigned to

tive Procedure Act to require the perform- duty outside the United States shall be eligiance and publication of economic impact ble for the earned income credit; to the analyses in the Federal Register for all pro- ' Committee on Ways and Means. posed and final rules which are subject to By Mr. PERKINS: the provisions of that act; to the Committee H.R. 1995. A bill to amend the Federal Re-on the Judiciary. serve Act to provide an 8-year transitional

By Mr. FASCELL: period with respect to reserve requirements H.R. 1985. A bill to amend title 11 of the for certain depository institutions which

Social Security Act so as to remove the limi- withdrew from membership in the Federal tation upon the amount of outside income Reserve System; to the Committee on Bank-

ing, Finance and Urban Affairs. which an individual may earn while receiv- H.R. 1996. A bill to amend the Railroad ing benefits thereunder; to the Committee Retirement Act of 1974 to provide that cer-on Ways and Means. tain additional military service shall be

By Mr. FINDLEY: deemed part of years of service of an indi-H.R. 1986. A bill to amend section 201 of vidual for the computation of certain annu

the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended, to ities; to the Committee on Energy and Comdelete the requirement that the support merce. price of milk be adjusted semiannually; to H.R. 1997. A bill to amend title 39 of the the Committee on Agriculture. United States Code to prohibit the Postal

By Mr. FRENZEL: Service from limiting regular daily mail de-H.R. 1987. A bill to amend the Tariff livery to fewer than 6 days each week, and

Schedules of the United States to increase for other purposes; to the Committee on from $300 to $600 and from $600 to $1,200, Post Office and Civil Service. respectively, the valuation limitations relat- By Mr. SEffiERLING: ing to the duty-free importation of personal H.R. 1998. A bill to amend the Internal articles by returning U.S. residents; to the Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction Committee on Ways and Means. for any contribution, bequest, or gift to the

H.R. 1988. A bill to suspend the duty on United Nations; to the Committee on Ways carob flour until December 31, 1984; to the and Means. Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. SEffiERLING (for himself,

H.R. 1989. A bill to repeal the additional Mr. APPLEGATE, Mr. BENJAMIN, Mr. duties imposed until 1993 under the Omni- BomoR of Michigan, Mr. CROCKETT, bus Reconciliation Act of 1980 on imported Mr. KILDEE. Mr. MITCHELL of Mary-ethyl alcohol; to the Committee on Ways land, Mr. MoTTL, Mr. MURPHY, Ms. and Means. OAKAR, Mr. PEAsE, Mr. PRICE, Mr.

By Mr. FITHIAN (for himself, Mr. REGULA, Mr. RoE, Mr. TRAxLER, Mr. HAMILTON, Mr. EvANS of Indiana, WILLIAMS of Ohio, and Mr. YOUNG of Mr. BENJAMIN, Mr. SHARP, Mr. Missouri): JACOBS, Mr. MYERS, Mr. HILLIS, Mr. H.R. 1999. A bill to impose quotas on the DECKARD, Mr. HILER, and Mr. CoATs): importation of automobiles during 1981,

H.R. 1990. A bill to amend title 13, United 1982, and 1983; to the Committee on Ways States Code, to require the Secretary of and Means. Commerce to prepare certain reports with By Mr. BLANCHARD: respect to census activities and the decenni- H.R. 2000. A bill to create the U.S. Revi-al census, and for other purposes; jointly, to talization Bank and to authorize such bank the Committees on the Judiciary and Post . to issue obligations and provide loans and Office and Civil Service. loan guarantees to qualifying business en-

By Mr. GRADISON (for himself, Mr. terprises and local governmental units; to GEPHARDT, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Mr. the Committee on Banking, Finance and ERLI:NBORM, Mr. FRENzEL, Mr. LAGO- Urban Affairs.

By Mr. SIMON: H.R. 2001. A bill to amend the Fair Labor

Standards Act of 1938 to authorize a special minimum wage for the limited employment of individuals under the age of 19 and for the employment of full-time students; to the Committee on Education and Labor.

H.R. 2002. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to exempt from the windfall profit tax the first 250 barrels a day of crude oil production of independent producers and royalty holders; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. TAUKE: H.R. 2003. A bill to eliminate the retroac

tive application of the provisions of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 which require proration of initial adjustments to civil service annuities; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. WAXMAN: H.R. 2004. A bill to amend the Public

Health Service Act to revise and extend the programs for the National Health Service Corps and to revise and extend the programs of assistance under titles VII and VIII of such act for the education of health professions personnel, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.

By Mr. WHITEHURST: H.R. 2005. A bill to establish an age limit

for participation in the school lunch program; to the Committee on Education and Labor.

By Mr. YOUNG of Florida: H.R. 2006. A bill to amend title 17, United

States Code, to authorize the nonprofit use of copyrighted works, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

H.R. 2007. A bill to amend title 17 of the United States Code to exempt nonprofit veterans' organizations and nonprofit fraternal organizations from the requirement that certain performance royalties be paid to copyright holders; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

H.R. 2008. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to increase the exclusion for dividends and interest and to make such exclusion permanent; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. ALBOSTA: H.J. Res. 182. Joint resolution to designate

April 26, 1981, as "National Recognition Day for Veterans of the Vietnam Era", to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. KASTENMEIER: H.J. Res. 183. Joint resolution designating

November 21, 1983, as "Bicentennial of Manned Flight Day"; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. VANDER JAGT: H.J. Res. 184. Joint resolution to provide

for the issuance in the year 1982 of a commemorative postage stamp in honor of the bicentennial anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Government of the Netherlands; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. JEFFORDS <for himself, Mr. BoNKER, Mr. D'AMoURS, Mr. DoRNAN of California, Mrs. FENwiCK, Mr. LoNG of Maryland, Mr. WEISS, and Mr. YATES):

H. Con. Res. 72. Concurrent resolution to declare March 1, 1981 as "National Day of the Seal;" to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. MARKS (for himself, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mr. WoN PAT, Mr. GoRE, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. RITTER., Mr. GINN,

February 23, 1981 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2731 Mr. HILER, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. VENTO, Mr. DONNELLY, Mr. LoTT, Mr. McDADE, Mr. ROSE, Mr. PORTER, Mr. WOLPE, Mr. FISH, Mr. COLLINS of Texas, Mr. FoRSYTHE, Mr. KoGovSEK, Mr. RoE, Mr. CoRcoRAN, Mr. McDoNALD, Mr. MoLLoHAN, Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. GUYER, Mr. BARNARD, Mr. MAVROULES, Mr. WILSON, Mr. YATRON, Mr. RAILSBACK, and Mr. CHAPPELL):

H. Con. Res. 73. Concurrent resolution expressing the sense of the Congress that legislation providing for withholding of Federal income tax from dividends and interest should not be enacted; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. PEASE <for himself, Mrs. SCHROEDER, and Mr. LANTos):

H. Con. Res. 74. Concurrent resolution requesting the President to call on pertinent member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and on Japan to meet their respective commitments to increase defense spending in 1981; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

By Mr. DELLUMS: H. Res. 78. Resolution to provide for the

expenses of investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on the District of Columbia; to the Committee on House Administration.

By Mr. SKELTON: · H. Res. 79. Resolution authorizing the

printing as a House document of the publication entitled "Programs and Papers Portraying the Personality, Character, and Achievements of George Washington"; to the Committee on House Administration.

PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows:

79-059 0 1984- 83- (Vol. 127 Pt. 2)

By Mr. DANIELSON: · H.R. 2009. A bill for the relief of the estate of Dorothy Meserve Kunhardt; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. PRITCHARD: H.R. 2010. A bill for the relief of Kai-Mee

Chen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 2011. A bill for the relief of Sun Cha

Cho Walker; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr.YOUNG of Florida:- ._ H.R. 2012. A bill for the relief of Martin

R. Goodall, his wife Mary and their son, James; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

H.R. 2013. A bill for the relief of Dennis D. Jones; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

ADDITIONAL SPONSORS Under clause 4 of rule XXII, spon

sors were added to public bills and resolutions as follows:

H.R. 18: Mr. BEREUTER. H.R. 375: Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr.

FISH, Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. SCHEUER, Mr. BARNES, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. CONYERS, Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mr. SoLARZ, Mr. OBERSTAR, Mr. SToKEs, Mr. HARKIN, and Mr. CROCKETT.

H.R. 397: Mr. RITTER and Mr. AKAKA. H.R. 465: Mr. VOLKMER and Mr. VENTO. H.R. 556: Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. McKINNEY,

Mr. YATRON, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. AKAKA, and Mr. HOWARD.

H.R. 911: Mr. lRELAND, Mr. MINETA, Mr. VANDER JAGT, Mr. CoRcoRAN, Mr. BARNARD, Mr. AUCOIN, Mr. JACOBS, and Mr. CHAPPELL.

H.R. 1005: Mr. BLANCHARD. H.R. 1011: Mr. PEPPER. H.R. 1339: Mr. RAILSBACK and Mr. CHAP

PELL. H.R. 1340: Mr. RAILSBACK and Mr. CHAP

PELL. H.R. 1598: Mr. HAWKINS, Mr. PHILLIP

BURTON, Mr. SoLARZ, Mr. SToKEs, AND Mr. FAUNTROY.

H.R.1644: Mr. RALPH M. HALL.

H.R. 1711: Mr. PRITCHARD, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. MAluuOTT, Mr. PASHAYAN, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. LoTT, Mr. GUARINI, Mr. JOHNSTON, and Mr. WoLF.

H.R. 1764: Mr. BENEDICT, Mr. RAHALL, and Mr. STATON of West Virginia.

H.R. 1765: Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. STENHOLM, Mr. RoEMER, Mrs. FENwicK, Mr. THOMAS, Mr. BROOKS, Mr. LoTT, Mr. CHAPPELL, and Mr. JOHNSTON.

H.J. Res. 113: Mr. BENEDICT and Mr. HoPKINS.

H. Con. Res. 52: Mr. BEDELL, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. ROE, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mrs. FENwiCK, Mr. SoLARZ, Mr. NEAL, Mr. RosE, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. DE LUGO, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. VENTO, Mr. HEFNER, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. SIMON, Mr. PATTERSON, Mr. BLANCHARD, Mr. GARCIA, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. MINETA, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. CORRADA, and Mr. ECKART.

H. Res. 50: Ms. FERRARo. H. Res. 51: Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. ST GER

MAIN, Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, Mr. STUDDS, Mr. KILDEE, Mr. RATCHFORD, Mr. WASHINGTON, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. VENTO, Mr. YATES, Mr. HALL of Ohio, Mr. ATKINSON, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. FORD of Michigan, Mr. FRANK, Mr. WEISS, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. SAVAGE, Mr. PHILLIP BURTON, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. YATRON, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. CLAY, Mr. NowAK, Mrs. CHisHOLM, Mr. GEJDENSON, Mr. BENJAMIN, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. WEAVER, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. CONTE, Mr. ECKART, Mr. DOWNEY, and Mr. SCHUMER.

PETITIONS, ETC. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, 26. The SPEAKER presented a petition of

the Gertrude Stein Democratic Club, Washington, D.C., relative to declaring the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., as a national holiday, which was referred to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

2732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 23, 1981

FIVE MYTHS ABOUT THE GOLD STANDARD

HON. LARRY McDONALD OF GEORGIA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Monday, February 23, 1981

• Mr. McDONALD. Mr. S-peaker, the United States of America is at a point of decision in its history today. Either we step into the open grave of economic collapse caused by 50 years of criminal economic policy, or start a third century of liberty and prosperity based upon the revitalizing truths of constitutional law and free enterprise. These are the choices we face. This country has seen similar moments of decision before in its history such as when we started this great Nation and at several points during the intervening years. There are, however, no guarantees we will again surmount the insurmountable, choosing the right path of constitutional law and free market economics, and even fewer assurances than ever before because of this Nation's hidden enemies.

My allusion is to the many individuals who have chosen to violate their stewardship as free men at this moment and have advocated the superficial, the dishonest, the criminal as solutions to our problems. This ignorance or malice is historically reprehensible. For the path that we must take and the solutions we must choose are as open and plain as they have been before.

An example of just such a path and one of the men of proper convictions advocating it is Congressman RoN PAUL and his bill to reestablish the gold standard. In Representative PAUL's "Freedom Report" dated January 1981, he explodes five myths that have done much to confuse the issue of a gold standard in this country and in the world. In a succinct fashion he points out the fallacy in believing that there is not enough gold, a gold standard would enable Russia and South Africa to hold us hostage, gold causes depression, gold causes inflation or that gold would be speculative. Because it indeed points out the clear and historically proven course we must take, I commend it to the attention of my colleagues. It is about time we started facing the decisions we must make as a nation and doing so immediat~ly if we are to avert a national disaster.

The report follows:

FIVE MYTHs ABoUT THE GoLD STANDARD (By Congressman RoN PAUL)

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for allowing me to appear before your subcommittee this morning to discuss the feasibility of establishing a gold standard.

As you know, I have introduced, and other members have cosponsored, H.R. 7874, which is a comprehensive bill to place the United States on a full gold coin standard within two years of the date of its passage.

I believe such a standard to be not only desirable and feasible, but absolutely necessary if we are to avoid the very real possibility of hyperinflation in the near future, and economic collapse. But in Washington today we have five myths about the gold standard.

The first myth is, "There isn't enough gold." The second myth is, "Since the Soviet Union and South Africa are the world's principal producers of gold, they could hold our economic system hostage and benefit if we were to establish a gold standard." The third myth is, "The gold standard would cause a depression." The fourth myth is, "The gold standard will cause inflation." And the fifth myth is, "The gold standard is subject to undesirable speculative influences."

MYTH NO.1: THERE ISN'T ENOUGH GOLD I find it amazing that economists can

make statements like this, for it is an elementary principal of economics that if one raises the price of a commodity, one will always have enough of that commodity. What we saw in the runup of gold prices is in fact the raising of the price of gold to match the depreciation of the dollar that has occurred, and still is occurring.

Simply put, there will always be enough gold so long as no one interferes with the free market mechanism.

At $700 an ounce the United States government has enough gold reserves to more than cover all the Federal Reserves notes outstanding. If we were to establish a gold standard by the procedure I have outlined in my bill H.R. 7874, then the world would be fully informed of the gold holdings of the United States government, and the price of gold could adjust accordingly, so that when redemption of our greenbacks-our Federal Reserve notes-began, the price would be the market-clearing price. Quite simply, the statement that there is not enough gold is false. It is a scare tactic used by opponents of the gold standard.

MYTH NO. 2: A GOLD STANDARD WOULD ENABLE RUSSIA AND SOUTH AFRICA TO HOLD US HOSTAGE

The second myth that should be challenged is that the Soviet Union and South Africa could hold us hostage were we to establish the gold standard. It is true that the Soviet Union and South Africa, because they have vast gold deposits, have reaped a windfall in the past decade. Yet we are not today on any sort of gold standard It is the present inflationary policies of governments the world over that create these windfalls. Rather than giving the U.S.S.R. and South Africa windfalls, we should institute the gold standard.

Stabilization of our monetary system-and perhaps the world monetary system, if the world emulated us-would remove any spec-

ulative premium that the Soviet Union and South Africa presently receive. We would see a stabilization of the world price of gold and an end to inflation throughout the world. In such a condition, the Soviet Union and South Africa would no longer be in a position to reap windfall benefits.

During the first several months of this year the Soviet Union has withheld gold from the international gold markets. It has recently been rumored that they have sold hundreds of tons to Saudia Arabia at a premium price. Whether or not that is the case, it is easy to see that the inflationary problems that beset us and the rest of the world create the conditions for Russia and South Africa to reap vast economic benefit. The present inflation causes fear and panic among the world's peoples.

Were we to institute a sound money system-a full 100 percent gold coin standard-the fear and panic would be eliminated. There would be no premium to be reaped by the Soviet Union and South Africa, and they would not receive any windfall from the sale of their bullion and their coins. Nor would Russia and South Africa be able to hold us hostage.

The gold reserves of the United States are immense, but no matter what their size, it is extremely difficult to see how Russia and South Africa, either by restraining their production or by dumping gold, could seriously affect us here in the United States.

When we reach a full gold coin standard and our unit of account is a weight of gold, as I have indicated in my bill, H.R. 7874, the world's entire production for one year would not influence significantly the value of that weight of gold.

MYTH NO. 3: GOLD CAUSES DEPRESSIONS The third myth is that "a return to the

gold standard will cause a depression." Now this statement is a half-truth, for if we improperly institute a gold standard, then we might in fact have a depression. Following World War I, the government of Great Britain returned to a gold standard, but in a deflationary fashion. Britain re-established the link that existed between the pound and gold prior to World War I, not taking into account the increase in the number of pounds that had occurred during the war when Great Britain was off the gold standard. The result was a short depression, because the political experts completely ignored the damage that had been done by their policies during the war.

Were we to establish a gold standard, we would have to pursue a course that would not result in deflation and would not cause a depression. We would redeem at the market price for a period of one year the greenbacks we have printed, and then cease redemption, allowing the gold coins we have put into circulation to function as our money of account. If we proceed to a gold standard in an or

derly fashion, such as I have proposed in my bill H.R. 7874, then there will be no depression. A gold standard cannot be achieved if we do not end our budget deficits as well. The standard must be accompanied by tax cuts, an end to the printing of paper money, and a significant reduction of federal regula

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.

February 23, 1981 tions if we expect a restoration of a sound economy.

Unless we are committed to all these things, even the establishment of 100 percent gold coin standard cannot stop our descent into economic chaos. We must cut the federal government down to constitutional size, and the establishment of a full gold standard is part of that process. The Constitution explicitly forbids any state government, and implicitly the Federal government, from making anything except gold or silver coin a legal tender in payment of debt.

MYTH NO. 4: GOLD CAUSES INFLATION

The fourth myth about the gold standard is that "It will cause inflation." Opponents of the gold standard point out that the world supply of gold increases by about two or three percent per year, and such an increase in supply would result in inflation in any country that adopts a gold standard.

I do not wish to challenge the proposition that the world gold supply increases by 2 to 3 percent per year. For the sake of argument, I will accept that as given. The result of such an increase is that prices might stay stable rather than falling. It is useful in this regard to point out the behavior of prices during our history. For most of the 19th century we had an imperfect gold coin standard. In the 67 years prior to the beginning of the Federal Reserve system in 1913 the consumer price index in this country increased by 10 percent, and in the 67 years subsequent to 1913 the C.P.I. increased 625 percent. This growth has accelerated since 1971 when President Nixon cut our last link to gold by closing the gold window.

In 1833 the index of wholesale commodity prices in the U.S. was 75.3. In 1933, just prior to our going off the gold standard, the index of wholesale commodity prices in the U.S. was 76.2: a change in hundred years of nine-tenths of one percent. The index of wholesale commodity prices in 1976 was 410.2. Today, the index is 612.3. For 100 years on the gold standard wholesale prices rose only nine-tenths of 1 percent. In the last 45 years of paper money they have gone up 536 percent.

The index of wholesale commodity prices emphasizes the stability of these prices during the entire 19th century. This stability was first overturned during the Civil War-the greenback period-then in World War I, and once again in World War II, and with the inflation that has persisted since that war.

Rather than causing inflation, the gold standard has historically been a bulwark against inflation. It is politically-manipulated money such as we have had since 1934 that causes our inflation.

People today have come to expect that prices will continue to rise, and we see the beginnings of a hyperinflationary psychology setting in.

. If we are to avoid the horrendous consequences of such a psychology, we must take dramatic action and give our country an historically proven system, a full gold coin standard.

MYTH NO. 6: GOLD WOULD BE SPECULATIVE

The last myth about the gold coin standard that I would like to address is the notion that such a standard wouid be subject to undesirable speculative influences.

This assertion was most recently made in a letter sent by the Federal Reserve to Chairman William Proxmire of the Senate Banking Committee. The letter argued that because gold is a commodity used in jewelry

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS and in industry, it is subject to speculative influences that are undesirable in setting up a stable monetary system.

I find such an argument amazing, for it is precisely because it is a commodity and not subject to the manipulation of a bureaucracy in Washington or London that it is desirable. If one wishes to speak of undersirable speculative influences, one need only look at the speculation that occurs daily in the U.S. dollar.

A gold standard would eliminate all speculation about the political motivations of the monetary authorities in governing the supply of money. The great virtue of the gold standard is that it removes discretionary power over the money supply from any one agency, thus ending the most fertile source of speculation. A gold standard puts the power of the monetary system into the hands of the people and takes it away from the politicians and bankers, thus removing a potential vehicle for establishing a tyranny.

Gold cannot be mined as cheaply as Federal Reserve notes can be printed. Nor can its supply be manipulated on a daily basis. There is a great dispersion of power in a gold standard system. That is the strength of the system, for it allows the people to check any monetary excesses of their governors and does not allow the governors to exploit the people by debasing the money.

The letter from the Fede1·al Reserve System to Chairman Proxmire closed with a call for more faith in the System and its good intentions. For over 60 years the American people have been exercising such faith and they have suffered the worst depression and the worst inflations in their history. Let us hear no more of faith in men, but bind government with the chains of an honest monetary system-the full gold coin standard.

In the Coinage Act of 1792 the Founders provided the death penalty for any government employee who debased the money. One wonders that if such a penalty were enforced today how may members of the Federal Open Market Committee would survive the month.

GOLD: THE MEASURING ROD

In his "Tract on Monetary Reform" published in 1923, the father of the age of inflation, John Maynard Keynes, wrote: "The individualistic capitalism of today . . . presumes a stable measuring rod of value. It cannot be efficient-perhaps cannot survive-without one."

Lord Keynes was correct. Unless we have a stable measuring rod of value, such as a gold coin standard, capitalism and freedom cannot survive. If not vigilant, we will evolve into the sort of fascism that resulted from the great German inflation following World War I.

The choice before us is simple: Shall we have gold and political freedom or shall we have paper and political tyranny?e

DO CONSERVATIVES CONTROL THE HOUSE?

HON. NEWT GINGRICH OF GEORGIA


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, when Nicholas Lemann, of the Washington Post, wrote "People who call themselves conservatives control both Houses of Congress," page 1, February

2733 22, 1981, everyone who is conservative should have been frightened and aroused. The national news media is buying the liberal Democratic argument that TIP O'NEILL is helpless in a House controlled, de facto, by conservatives.

We know better. We lost the fight for a conservative speaker. A liberal now presides over the House. And he recognizes motions, sets the calendar, and dominates the proceedings. He is in control.

Liberals still control most of the committee and subcommittee chairmanships, and most of the staffs.

Liberals preside, in particular, over the Ways and Means, Joint Economic, and Rules Committees. These three committees will have enormous impact on Reagan's program for economic recovery. It is obvious that they have been stacked by the liberals to block that program.

It is vital that we tell the country over and over again that we do not control the House, and that TIP O'NEILL and the liberals do. It is essential that the country knows who to blame if economic recovery is blocked by the Democratic leadership.e

WATT HAS FUNNY IDEA OF "NEIGHBORLY"

HON. DON EDWARDS OF CALIFORNIA



e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with my colleagues an editorial which appeared in the San Jose Mercury on February 16, 1981.

The editorial examines Interior Secretary James G. Watt's announcement that he is considering reopening four basins off the coast of California and Oregon for oil and gas development. As the author points out, this announcement has enraged not only environmentalists, but Government officials at all levels, chambers of commerce, fishing and tourist industries, and other businesspeople.

None of these groups, including those of us here in the House who have spoken out against Secretary Watt's decision, fails to recognize the need for some offshore drilling to develop offshore energy resources. However, in this instance, the small amount of oil and gas resources in these four basins hardly warrants development; especially when one considers the adverse effects this development could have on a variety of different things, including the fishing industry, wildlife habitats, water supplies to a number of counties, the San Francisco Bay delta system recreational and scenic beaches, property values, as well as several seismic faults.

2734 I commend the article to the atten

tion of my colleagues. WATT HAs FuNNY IDEA OF "NEIGHBORLY"

On the lovability scale, environmentalists rank James G. Watt somewhere between the Boston Strangler and Ming the Merciless, and his first acts as Secretary of Interior are doing nothing to improve his rating.

Watt announced last Wednesday that he's planning to allow oil and gas development in four tracts off the California coast from Eureka south to Santa Cruz.

A day later, it was learned that Watt is reviewing the Carter administration's decision • to include Califarnia's five North Coast rivers in the wild and scenic rivers system, thereby protecting them from development. ,

In a letter to the governors of California and Oregon, Watt declared that he has • made "no final decision" on allowing oil ' companies to bid for leases in the four offshore basins, but added, "The president has instructed me to take the necessary steps to increase the domestic production of oil and gas, and I firmly intend to take those steps."

Last October Watt's predecessor, Cecil Andrus, refused to allow oil and gas development in those basins, correctly reasoning that their limited fuel potential wasn't worth the risk of severe damage to some of the most beautiful coastline in the world.

Watt says the U.S. Geological Survey's latest estimate puts the oil potential of Lease Sale 53-the four North Coast tracts plus a fifth one off Santa Barbara in which Andrus already has approved leasing-at 982 million barrels and the gas potential at 1.2 trillion cubic feet. But that may be an over-optimistic guess. As of last fall, the U.S.G.S.'s median estimate for all five tracts was only 540 million barrels of oil-about a 30-day supply for the United States.

The Friends of the Earth, the Sierra Club and other environmental groups are, of course, loudly protesting Watt's move. But the opposition isn't confined to hard-core nature buffs. Even people who couldn't tell a bowfin whale from a black-footed ferret understand what oil spills and industrial blight could do to the North Coast's multimillion-dollar tourism and fishing industries.

Eleven California congressmen, including local representatives Don Edwards, Norman Mineta and Leon Panetta, as well as Donald Clausen of Santa Rosa, the ranking California Republican in the House and the senior GOP member of the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, have sent Watt a stiff letter of protest. The point out that "every local unit of government in the central and northern California coastal area, including the state and its various agencies, has opposed" drilling in the four basins. Gov. Jerry Brown has denounced Watt's move, and the head of the California Coastal Cominission has promised a court battle and a "snarl of red tape" if the leases go through. .

In his letter to Brown, Watt affirmed his intention "that the federal government establish a 'good neighbor' policy with the states.'' Good neighbors don't put drilling rigs and oil slicks in other people's front yards. If Secretary Watt wants to be neighborly, he'll stick with Andrus' decisions and

· leave our coast and our rivers alone.e

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HONORING JOHN RALSTON

HON. JOHN P. MURTHA OF PENNSYLVANIA


Monday, February 23, 1981 • Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, it was a pleasure for me to tour the Elderton/Plumcreek Area Park which is a magnificent example of what a community can achieve by working together.

The Elderton/Plumcreek Area Recreation Commission started their work back in 1976. The project includes a baseball diamond, tennis courts, handball courts, park shelters, a large picnic area, and a two-level playground area. It is particularly rewarding because

of the work of Mr. John Ralston. Mr. Ralston is a retired civil engineer who volunteered his services for the planning, designing, and supervising of the construction at the park. He received no wages for his work but did it as a volunteer. In addition, he contributed financially to the project, and has paid for materials out of his own pocket so the project could continue and CET A workers would have materials with which to work.

Who can say what family might be pulled closer together by an afternoon spent at that park, or what child might stay out of trouble because he or she has an opportunity at constructive recreation? I can say the community is better for the contribution of this park, and to that contribution we all say thank you to John Ralston.e

THE NATO SACRED COW: STILL ROAMING THE RANGE

HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER OF COLORADO


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, among the sacred cows still roaming the range after President Reagan's much ballyhooed Wednesday night roundup is NATO.

The U.S. taxpayer annually spends between $35 and $81 billion on NATO defense, depending on whose figures you care to believe.

At House Armed Services Committee hearings this week on European defense posture, Gen. Bernard W. Rogers, commander in chief of the U.S. European Command, testified that the United States pays two-thirds of all NATO defense costs.

There is a great deal of hand wringing on both sides of the ocean these days on how much our NATO allies ought to increase their defense spending. According to our so-called allies the answer falls somewhere between very little and not at all. A summary

February 23, 1981 of the debate appeared in the February 18 Wall Street Journal.

Yet the assumption, the incredible assumption, is rarely questioned: Why must the U.S. taxpayer bear the brunt of European defense costs?

The Journal article follows: U.S. ALLIES DEBATE DEFENSE BOOSTS

Even as President Ronald Reagan seeks to add at least $20 billion to his predecessor's $196 billion defense budget for the coming fiscal year, the U.S. allies are searching their souls and treasuries to determine their proper share of the common defense effort.

There is a consensus to do more, but there are problems.

Where spirits are willing, economies are often weak. And where economic muscle may be sufficient, ghosts of history and politics are troubling.

The Carter adlninistration pressed the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to live up their pledge to boost their individual defense budgets by a real, or inflation-adjusted, 3% a year. But Mr. Reagan's top national-security advisors backed away from the 3% target even before he took office. While they indicated that they wanted the allies to do more to bolster Western defenses in Europe, they declared that a fixed percentage increase isn't a valid measure of strengthened security.

Whatever Washington's expectations turn out to be, West Germany isn't likely to meet its NATO pledge this year. That's because of the looming economic slowdown, a desire to restrain the federal budget's expansion, and what Defense Minister Hans Apel calls a "growing pacificism" in the country.

Late last month, 24 parliamentarians from the Social Democratic Party called for the equivalent of $466.2 million to be removed from the defense budget and transferred to development aid, arguing that such aid represented a better use of the funds. Though that call was rejected by the Social Democratic caucus, it is indicative of the current pacifist mood.

REAL RISE OF 2.8%

The German government increased defense outlays last year to about $22.61 billion, converting at current exchange rates. That amounted to a real rise of about 2.8% and to about 3.2% of gross national product, or total output of goods and services. Final figures aren't in for 1981, but German officials reckon that defense spending will show a real increase of about 2.2%, though some supplements could raise that figure.

In neighboring France, military expenditures have risen considerably in recent years, now amounting to almost 4% of GNP, and cutbacks aren't expected no matter who wins the presidential election in the spring. Of the total $21.13 billion budgeted this year, about a third will be spent on nuclear weapons.

While France hasn't been part of NATO's integrated military command since 1966, the Pentagon calculates that France's real 3.5% defense-spending increase last year outdistanced that of any country within the integrated command.

Britain's defense-spending plans are complicated by the sagging economy. It is committed to spend more in real terms, but it must stay within the limits imposed by the British treasury. Even so, a British defense spokesman contends that the nation's defense outlays will continue to grow by a real 3% annually.

February 23, 1981 In the fiscal year ended April 1, 1980,

spending was $20.05 billion, or 4.9% of GNP. Proportionally, that put Britain second only to the U.S. among NATO members. Fiscal 1981 outlays are budgeted at $26.12 billion. But that is $585.6 million above the treasury's cash limits, which will mean big cuts in the fiscal1982 defense budget.

Other European NATO countries where defense spending has been a major issue in the past year present a mixed picture-with Italy going beyond the NATO target and both Denmark and the Netherlands falling short.

Italy's spending for 1981 is expected to show a 6% real rise from 1980, compared with zero growth last year and a 3% real increase in 1979. Though this is the biggest increase planned by any NATO nation, Italy is starting from a low base. Its per-capita defense spending is less than a third of that in all NATO countries.

But military observers credit Italy with making great strides in its weapons procurement and modernization program.

The Danes, by contrast, have always been reluctant to make the sacrifice entailed in increased defense spending. Their military budget showed a real increase of only 6% for the four years beginning April 1977, and fiscal 1980 saw a real drop of 0.6%. Defense spending in fiscal 1982 will increase to $1.25 billion, for a real increase of less than 1%. But a diplomat in Copenhagen observes that "growth could be somewhat larger" thereafter.

The Netherlands' defense budget has been close to the 3% target in the past two years. But this year, the Ministry of Finance won a battle with the Ministry of Defense, and the real 1981 increase will be closer to 2%.

Politics played a key role in this decision. Dutch elections will be held on May 26, and the unilateral nuclear disarmament lobby has been gathering momentum. According to a diplomat in The Hague, however, "the betting is that defense spending will go up again next year."

BUILT INTO POLl~

Across the Atlantic, Canada holds rigidly to the NATO target. The 3% real growth has been built into federal policy and is assured regardless of other budget demands or the inflation rate.

On the other hand, Canada's defense outlays, at about 1.8% of GNP for the fiscal year ending March 31, are at the bottom of the NATO scale. "We seem to run neck and neck with Luxembourg," says a senior defense planner.

Spending will rise to about $6 billion <Canadian) next year from $5.07 billion in the current fiscal year. While that is a sharp nominal <or unadjusted> increase of 18%, it doesn't represent much change relative to GNP. A boost to a more aggressive 4% of GNP would more than double Canadian military outlays and eat up a major portion of the relatively small discretionary portion of the national budget. "Politically and financially, that kind of jump isn't possible," says a Canadian official.

Japan, though it isn't a member of NATO, has also come under pressUre from the U.S. to boost its defense spending. The prime minister, Zenko Suzuki, is known in political circles as Mr. Fish because he hails from a fishing prefecture and has been Japan's chief negotiator in fishing talks with the Russians.

Several weeks ago, Mr. Suzuki used a .fishing allegory to explain to some visiting U.S. Government officials why Japan is increasing its defense budget only 7.6% in the fiscal

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS year beginning April 1, rather than the nominal 9.7% the U.S. h~ expected.

"YOU PULL GRADUALLY"

"When you are a deep-sea fisherman trying to pull in a big fish, you don't pull on the line too suddenly or the line will snap and you'll lose the catch," Mr. Suzuki said. "You pull gradually, gradually, gradually."

The "big fish" to which Mr. Suzuki alludes is Japanese publie opinion, which is only slowly losing the pacifist strain that has marked it since World War II.

Partly because of this political restraint, the $12 billion <U.S.> in spending in the coming fiscal year will constitute only 0.9% of GNP, unchanged from the current year. But Japanese officials note that spending on new weapons will rise more than 17%. And while the 1981 budget doesn't legally commit Japan to do anything beyond 1981, the award of contracts for new weapons "necessarily presumes" that more of these weapons be bought in future years, a Japanese official suggests.

Even with the higher defense spending being proposed by Mr. Reagan, the U.S. is likely to devote to the military only about half the 12% to 14% share of GNP that the Soviet Union earmarks for defense. But most of the major U.S. allies spend even smaller shares of their GNP on defense, so the new administration will still press them to step up spending.

Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger and Secretary of State Alexander Haig explain that their disavowal of the 3% NATO target isn't intended to de-emphasize the urgent need for a greater defense effort by U.S. allies. But they insist privately that the allies are likely to do more if the U.S. recognizes their contributions rather than criticizing their deficiencies, as the Carter administration often did.

Some defense experts in Washington and in Europe worry that the Reagan administration may have dropped the 3% goal prematurely. That figure was the only measure of defense effort agreed on by all members of the alliance. And, without a common goal, it is feared that some nations facing economic difficulties may seize the opportunity to relax their defense efforts.e

THE 250TH BIRTHDAY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

HON. IKE SKELTON OF MISSOURI


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, February 22 of next year will mark the 250th birthday of this Nation's most famous, and probably most revered, citizen-George Washington. Washington served his country both as a heroic military man and as a great leader. He served as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army ·in the American Revolutionary War, presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787, and was unanimously chosen to be the first President of the United States of America. The story of Washington's life reveals the courage, dedication, perseverance, and action that make for a model citizen.

Because I believe that all Americans, and our young citizens in particular,

2735 would benefit from a knowledge of the life and times of George Washington, I am today introducing a bill to authorize the reprinting of a document called the "Programs and Papers Portraying the Personality, Character, and Achievements of George Washington." This document was published by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission in 1932. It is my hope that this document will be available by February 1982 as a fitting tribute to the 250th birthday of this truly great American-George Washington.e

MY FRIEND PETE MILLIGAN OF ILLINOIS BELL

HON. ROBERT McCLORY OF ILLINOIS


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, in the course of our experiences here in the Congress, we come in contact with many individuals who represent large private corporate and professional interests. One of the most effective, persuasive, and also likable of such representatives or legislative advisers has been C. G. "Pete" Milligan, who has represented the interests of Illinois Bell Telephone Co., an affiliate of American Telephone & Telegraph Co.

Pete Milligan as a legislative adviser or lobbyist, and more particularly as a dedicated and effective representative of Illinois Bell and the Bell Telephone System, has become one of my good friends both during my service here in the U.S. House of Representatives and before that time when I was a State senator in the Illinois General Assembly.

Mr. Speaker, Pete Milligan possesses a personality which engenders a friendly and generally favorable response from those with whom he has contact. In his presentation of legislative issues, he has always been completely fair and understanding. Naturally, he has never failed to present illinois Bell and the Bell System in their most favorable light. However, when differences have arisen. he has responded with reasonable explanations and never with rancor or impatience.

Mr. Speaker, may I say that Pete Milligan has been a good contact for me whenever any disputes or questions have arisen regarding my personal or official contacts with the telephone company. He has cooperated fully in supplying me and my office with telephone directories and other useful information enabling me to maintain close communications with my Illinois constituents.

More recently in the hotly contested issues surrounding the competition between the Bell System and competitors on so-called long lines, as well as

2736 in the more intense rivalry involving communications equipment, systems, and related technology in which various other Illinois interests have been pitted against the huge Bell System, Pete Milligan, in behalf of Illinois Bell and the parent and affiliate companies, has advanced arguments compatible with our private enterprise system while recognizing the unique and dominant role which the Bell System occupies in our Nation.

Mr. Speaker, as Pete Milligan takes his well-deserved retirement, I join with other Members of this body in wishing him well. Recognizing that Pete Milligan will not indeed retire from an active and productive life, I suspect that he will be turning his interests toward other useful activities from which society will continue to benefit.

Mr. Speaker, in behalf of my wife Doris and myself, as well as my entire congressional staff, both here in our Nation's Capital and in my congressional district in Illinois, I extend to Pete Milligan and to his wife Patty my best wishes for good health and satisfying lives in their years of active retirement.e

MEDICAL DIRECTION IN NURSING HOMES



Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, the high cost of medical care for elderly citizens in our Nation's nursing homes should concern us all.

The greatest problem we face is how to cut medical costs while maintaining the highest standards we can for medical care.

Dr. George Artress, from Smyrna, Ga., is working on a project with me on ways to improve health care in this country. I would like to share with you Dr. Artress' essay that he presented to the Georgia Joint Legislative Committee on Aging in the fall of 1980.

About five years ago, a group of physicians in Georgia started an organization to . improve the medical care of nursing homes. It is now a national organization operating in many states-New York, Texas, Minnesota, California, and all the Southeastern states. My remarks here will deal with the pressures to improve nursing homes and not increase red tape or government support.

I have personally spent my entire professional career trying to upgrade medical care of all types. I started out in Nicaragua 24 years ago and later spent nine years in Asia. The Cambodians tried to destroy my clinic by government-inspired riots years ago, but the Afghans were the greatest while I was there 4~ years. I say this to emphasize the need for pragmatism. to get the most bang for the buck.

In Afghanistan my young assistant was drafted into the army and was assigned to a 100-bed hospital. He reported the equip-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ment and supplies consisted of a dozen bottles of pills, two syringes to give penicillin shots, and regular string to do suturingwithout any anesthetic.

In contrast, in Manila in 1966 we prepared for President Johnson and the Asian Summit Meeting and sort of overdid things. I had a private telephone hookup direct to the White House doctor. We arranged for a private hospital in the Embassy. While the President was traveling we had a helicopter with paramedics and complete resuscitation equipment, a little maneuver that cost $3,000,000 over four days.

A nursing home in Georgia is supposed to completely care for an intermediate patient for $24 a day, but the hospital averages $175 per patient admitted. The nursing home has to pay the same tax, insurance, food, and utilities as well as to have most of the same committees and regulations. So obviously, something has to give.

Since at present, the government health care costs are approaching the defense budget and the taxpayers are at their limit, there is no remote or feasible way to upgrade nursing home care to hospital status. I hate to say this, but like it or not, there is going to be a two-tier system. Pragmatism comes into play, and we need some oldfashioned horse trading.

My classic example is an elderly gentleman who was at the end stage of lung disease. He told us he was ready to die, but somehow he got to the intensive care unit at the hospital, and one specialist after another did heroic things until he had been in I.C.U. with breathing tubes, pacemaker, and so forth for 73 days before he died. His hospital bill was $86,000. I often think if we had let this man "go in peace" and could have had this money to spend to improve the care of maybe a thousand people for a couple of months, it would be better.

There is a need to be realistic with what is available. However, I am not satisfied that the same patient that we care for for $24 per day in Georgia, if moved into South Carolina, has $36 per day for his or her care. With the present state of our society, we have to upgrade things in Georgia to be fair to our chronically disabled people. Since mostly I am talking about "a home," as well as adequate medical care, the task is more complex. We have to come to grips with a major unsolved problem in nursing homes.

With common sense and good faith, the nursing home situation can be changed commensurate with reality. A primary consideration is that in this era of taxpayer revolt

. governments can't increase costs overall. There has to be rearranging of priorities. Figuring out how to do this can be complicated, time-consuming operation.

Three or four years ago my nursing home administrator had budget cuts, so he had to reduce this staff from 80 people to 50 people. In spite of that, it was actually costing him more a day for each Medicaid patient than he was getting. Care has to go down in such circumstances. Let's get it back up.

My broad recommendations to the legislative committee are to <1 > horse trade with doctors, and this is one of the reasons for the Medical Directors Association. Contact through me or the Georgia Health Care Association. Hopefully, we could save great sums of money on hopsital related care and upgrade nursing home care generally; <2> Have selective increase in staffing-for example, allow three hours of nursing home care per patient in place of two, etc.; <3>

February 23, 1981 Push a Grant Program to interest and train more nurses interested in long term care, then budget to pay on par with the hospitals for select personnel; <4> Figure some way to increase the prestige of the nurse's aides, since they will likely never make the wage of the clerks at Kroger's; <5> Sweeten the financial return of the physician, so they will at least listen to the medical directors who are trying to entice them into nursing homes.

Let me expand on the last point. As an example, in my solo practice office, the cost for my staff wages averages $60 per hour <or a dollar a minute>. Before paying any bills or taxes or whatever, this has to come in. Notwithstanding, the Medicaid reimbursement to a doctor for a month's care of a nursing home patient is about $8-12. That means that counting travel and time checking the chart, seeing the patient, talking to the relatives, can't average much more than four minutes a month-unless he is doing charity work. Now, all doctors believe in charity work, but they cannot do more than so much because there is practically no creditor who will let a doctor go long without paying his bills. Until this can be rectified, doctors, out of necessity, will continue to send the sick patients to the emergency room or hospital at perhaps ten times the cost of caring for them at the nursing home.

This last discussion will be confusing if one doesn't separate the medical director's postition from the fact he is a physician-he or she wears two hats at the same time. A medical director is an employee <consultant> of a nursing home paid for by government funds. Most medical directors are also attending physicians along with other doctors in the community. So as a medical director, I want my nursing home to be the best place attainable for "physicians" to care medically for patients. But we have problems because the nursing home cannot ever be like a hospital, even though the regulations are set up on the basis of the hosptial model, although the funding is $300 less.

Let me suggest ways to rearrange funds: < 1> A requirement that those in govern

ment who propose rules and regulations get with funding people to be sure there is a way to pay for the regulation and that the benefit justifies the cost. More and more the personnel have to spend so much time on documenting regulations that they cannot care for the patients;

<2> A requirement that new nursing homes be built near to hospitals so doctors would incorporate nursing home rounds with hospital rounds;

<3> More licensed personnel in the nursing home so physician instructions can physically and safely be carried out without always going the route of the $300 emergency room visit for a $30 cause;

(4) Arrange physician reimbursement so they can physically afford to care for more patients in the nursing home. Country doctors are paid about one-half as much as city doctors. We recently asked Prudential why. Several logical reasons were given. but this process costs the state and federal governments millions of dollars, and has to be changed;

<5> Vigorously push the use of physician's assistants in nursing homes. There are a lot of red-neck doctors left in Georgia who believe P.A.'s are a tool of the devil, but I couldn't afford to take care of more than 25 patients without a P .A. The P.A. can spend four times as much time, cost accounted, as I can. There is no way that this does not produce better care. Yes, those who want to

February 23, 1981 do charity work can perhaps do better, but they usually don't go to a nursing home. We are lucky if we get one out of ten physicians in a community to ever go to a nursing home. With the economic realities of today, the P.A. is a must in long term care settings;

(6) Do away with at least half of the regulators and the regulations. There is just no sense in the massive duplication of verification procedures. There have at times been three separate survey teams in my nursing homes. Let's sit down and do away with the unnecessary duplication and cost. Patient care could be immensely improved.

One way of implementing the above reduction would be to send all nursing home medical directors in the state to a ye.arly convention and go over problems and solutions for which the medical director would be responsible. As basic humanitarians, there would be no better way to get a bunch of birds with one stone.

I could go on, but here is a start on ways to upgrade medical care and suggestions on rearranging funds with no overall hikes in cost.e

WELFARE

HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. OF KENTUCKY


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, last Wednesday evening the President presented to the Congress his proposed spending reductions for this fiscal year and fiscal 1982. In this same vein, I would like to share with my colleagues the views of my constituent, Mr. J. E. Rhoades, of Central City, Ky., about welfare and social programs and the role of the Federal Government. Mr. Speaker, I submit Mr. Rhoades' letter:

I am 52 years old and have kept my mouth shut all these years, but the time has come that I have to let you know how a few of us working people feel. To start off with I have heard Welfare, Food Stamps, Black Lung, Workmen's Compensation and Senior Citizens until I am sick and tired of it. It appears that our nation promotes the no work attitude, get something for nothing and the country owes me a living. That is a bunch of bolony. The good Lord didn't intend for man to live off his neighbor. Every man should provide for himself. I will admit that there are a few cases that need help, but only a few and that is the responsibility of the churches not the State.

I could write pages to substantiate my complaints, but I don't have the time. I do want to say it is time that the dead beat get off his can and do something eight hours a day for his hand-out, if is nothing but count cars. About everybody can do something, like picking up trash, this would at least keep them out of the house which would in turn eliminate a few Welfare babies. That is another thing our nation is promoting is illegitimate children, which naturally lowers the class of people and in turn decays the overall intelligence of our country. At the rate we're going our country will be a bunch of idiots in the next five or six generations.

No, I know I have exaggerated some, but seriously I definitely believe in the simple old rule: Don't work, don't eat.

I know I covered a lot of territory when I mentioned Welfare, Food Stamps, Black

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Lung and Senior Citizens, but these are the categories that are killing us in this area. I know there are thousands of other items and maybe the next time I write I will stick to only one category, but I wanted you to know how I felt, and that I want to help better this country and I think to do so everybody must learn to carry his own load, but the Government is going to have to stop feeding them for nothing in order to do so.

Thanks. Respectfully yours,

J. E. RHOADES.~

MIAMI REGION OF HADASSAH COMMEMORATES 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH OF FOUNDER, HENRIETI'A SZOLD

HON. DANTE B. F ASCELL OF FLORIDA


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this opportunity to bring to the attention of our colleagues, a very special occasion that must not go unnoticed. The largest women's Zionest organization in the world, Hadassah, is celebrating the 120th anniversary of the birth of its founder, Henrietta Szold. The Miami region of Hadassah is commemorating this event in honor of Miss Szold who should be a symbol of hope and inspiration to all the people of the world. This great woman must be remembered for her devotion to humanity. Her. accomplishments-as an American, as a friend of the State of Israel, and as a woman-are worthy of our attention and admiration.

Henrietta Szold was born in 1860 in Baltimore, Md. She was the daughter of an abolitionist rabbi, a well respected teacher and scholar in the Jewish community there. As a child, Henrietta observed the funeral of Abraham Lincoln from the shoulders of her father. An extremely bright and curious child, Henrietta was an avid learner and an exceptional student. During this period of .our history, it was unusual for a woman to pursue such an interest in education; however, with an obvious zeal for learning and eager for the attention of her scholarly father, she far outshone her sisters and many of the learned men who studied with her father.

After Miss Szold finished her formal education, she herself became a teacher in a girls school. However, her real energies were devoted to writing for various Jewish publications. Early on, Miss Szold earned the reputation of being one of the leading Jewish essayists in America. She also became a well known Biblical scholar and, in the 1890's, she became the editor and translator of the Jewish Publication Society of America.

Henrietta Szold's life is remarkable in that she can be considerd a "first" in a number of areas. While still living

2737 in Baltimore, she founded night· schools for immigrants. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, many immigrants were coming to America from Europe and Miss Szold recognized the need for education -and training programs for these people.

Her true passion lay in pursuing Jewish study and thought and, after her father died, she felt she could fulfill her scholarly aspirations by studying Jewish law. She approached Rabbi Solomon Schechter of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York to see if there were some way for her to study there. In 1902, it was unheard of for any woman to study at a rabbinical seminary but, because Rabbi Schechter had been a colleague of her father's and because Rabbi Schechter was also impressed with Miss Szold's scholarly reputation, she was admitted to the seminary as a special student early in 1903.

At the age of 50, Miss Szold traveled to Jewish Palestine. She recognized the urgent need there for a variety of human and health services and when she returned to the United States she was able to secure funds to send the first American trained public health nurses to Palestine. Miss Szold returned there herself and began a career in health administration that is yet to be equaled. First she established a program to set up "well baby" stations. The public health nurses taught mothers about hygiene and nutrition, and about the basics in child care, such as how to clean milk, boil water for health purposes, and to put drops in their babies' eyes.

In 1912, Henrietta Szold founded Hadassah, an organization dedicated to activities to improve the living conditions of Jews in Palestine. During World War I, she brought medical volunteers to Palestine, and out of this medical unit grew the Hadassah Medical Organization. Miss Szold ostensibly became the first secretary for health, education and welfare for the Jewish community of Palestine at the same time that she was president of Hadassah. In addition, Miss Szold was busy building the famous Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem. Miss Szold was responsible for bringing medicine, social services, and health care to that part of the world. In addition, under her direction, the first recreation programs were brought to Palestine. Until this time, no one had recognized any need for children's recreation programs.

In 1934, when Henrietta Szold was 74 and preparing to return to Baltimore, she was asked to become the Director of Youth Aliyah • • • an offshoot organization of Hadassah, established to rescue children from Nazi Germany and other countries and resettle them in Palestine. Miss Szold accepted the position and, during the period from 1934 and 1945 when she

2738 died, thousands of children were brought to Palestine and saved from the horrors of the Holocaust. Miss Szold set up scores of children's villages and those who were not sent to such villages were placed in Kibbutzim around the country. Her work served as a model for the rehabilitation and education of children. Miss Szold's efforts combine the dignity of labor with educational training and culture. Under her direction, the peer group was encouraged to develop with an emphasis on social values. Early in the 1940's, Miss Szold opened a high school for girls because, in those days, career training was not considered important for young women. Originallr, the school only offered programs m foods and clothing, but it has grown enormously and now maintains a curriculum of the most sophisticated medical and scientific technologies.

As deeply religious as she was, Miss Szold never cut herself off from the common person. In addition, she was devoted to the idea of cultivating an understanding between Arabs and Jews. Although she came from an educated and fairly affluent family, she never thought of immigrants as less than equals. She told her father when she was opening the night schools for immigrants in Baltimore that there was something to learn from every group or culture. She viewed her work then and later with other immigrant groups in Palestine, as a learning experience. To Henrietta Szold, it was more important to learn about people and derive an understanding from various groups of people than for them to learn about her.

Henrietta Szold was respected and admired as a humanitarian by many prominent people including Eleanor Roosevelt and Frances Perkins. David Ben Gurion called her the greatest Jewish woman in 400 years. She has also been called the first modern Jewish woman. Among her accomplishments is her admittance to the Jewish Theological Seminary at a time when even the secretarial staff at the seminary was all male <women are still not admitted to the seminary for formal rabbinical study); she was the first woman on the Bible Translation Commission; she was the only woman and the only American to serve on the Vad Leumi, the governing council of Jewish Palestine; and she was Israel's first Minister of Health, Education and Welfare. Her efforts were certainly innovative. She combined scholarship with a great expertise as .a standard setter and philosopher~

Today, the women of Hadassah consider themselves to be disciples of Henrietta Szold. The organization boasts over 370,000 members. Hadassah raises money to send to various projects in Israel, many of which originated under Miss Szold. Most of the funds go to the Hadassah Hebrew Uni-

. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS versity Medical Center in Jerusalem, a very modern, highly sophisticated and technological hospital, serving Jews and Arabs alike. Hadassah also supports various educational, community and vocational guidance services. Hadassah provides counseling in 15 different languages and administers tests of skill and knowledge to newly-arrived immigrants. The organization is also a major contributor to Youth Aliyah and the Jewish National Fund and is instrumental in underwriting land redevelopment projects.

The outstanding activities of Hadassah are a monument to Henrietta Szold's achievements during her lifetime. In closing, I would like to commend the Miami Region of Hadassah for its efforts in honoring this great woman, the founder of their organization, and for carrying on her work.e

THE STEEL INDUSTRY AND AIR POLLUTION LAWS




e Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I was pleased to join last week with House steel caucus chairman JosEPH GAYDos in sponsoring legislation to provide a 3-year stretchout on steel industry air pollution control expenditures.

This is the legislation to implement the agreement reached last fall by the steel industry, United Steelworkers, Environmental Protection Agency, and environmental groups. It was endorsed in principle by President Reagan during the Presidental campaign.

Basically, the approach realizes the need to revitalize the steel industry and provides additional time to meet air standards. This, in turn, will free money for needed modernization of production facilities, which will help us to compete with foreign industries and provide jobs for American steelworkers.

The bill insures no air quality problems will result from the delay, and does not change the requirements, only extends the time for meeting them.

While this will not directly affect the situation at the Bethlehem plant in Johnstown, I believe it will be a significant step in strengthening the economic position of the industry which will have a very strong impact on improving the entire American steel industry.

As a member of the executive committee of the steel caucus, I will work diligently for this bill, which I believe is extremely important to the steel industry and steelworkers.•

February 23, 1981 THE SILVER SCAM-HOW THE

HUNTS WERE OUTFOXEDPART I




e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, there was a great deal of speculation some months ago by our usually misinformed press that the Hunt brothers, together with some Members of Congress, had conspired to drive up the price of silver. This inspired many misleading articles in the popular press written along very simplistic lines. However, the truth was otherwise. Completely overlooked were the machinations of those serving on the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC>. Actually, the Hunt brothers lost a lot of money due to some sudden changes in the rules. And after a long bounce downward, the price of silver is working its way up again in accordance with the law of supply and demand as it always will. This situation was very astutely reported in Atlantic Monthly magazine for September 1980 by Mr. Alan Trustman. In this article he explodes most of the myths written about by the popular press on the Hunts and ·the silver market. I commend the first part of the article to the attention of my colleagues.

THE SILVER ScAM-How THE HUNTS WERE OUTFOXED

When the Hunt brothers lost upwards of a billion dollars in the silver market, much of the world felt that it couldn't have happened to two nicer guys. After all, the Texans were out to "corner the market" and cheat the small investor . . . Or were they? The author, himself a speculator in precious metals, has a different view. And he casts a cold eye on the methods and motives of those members of the financial establishment who brought the Hunts' empire crashing down.

Two greedy Texas speculators got too big for their britches and tried to corner silver. They were defeated by the free market and got their just deserts; they lost more than a billion dollars, and ended up in hock up to their eyeballs. It is a good story, a populist morality tale, and by now everybody knows it.

But is it true? Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert

Hunt were good ol' boys from deep in the heart of. Quiet, intensely private, they took care of themselves, and minded their own business. No one accused them of being lovable. They were rich by inheritance and made their money grow. They had a history of aggressive speculation in art, in horses, in soybeans. They lived hard, worked hard, took big risks, and knew how to count. Which is where it all started.

They counted the annual world consumption of silver. It exceeded the annual world production of silver. The rest was coming from above-ground stocks, so Nelson Bunker and William Herbert ·tried to count those. It was difficult. As near as they could figure,

February 23, 1981 there were approximately 600 million ounces, but a third of it adorned the wrists of Indian ladies and export from India was prohibited. That left an available supply of 400 million ounces.

Not much. With the market price $4 an ounce, somebody could buy all of it for $1.6 billion. It seemed to Nelson Bunker and William Herbert that" the price should be much higher, or someone would buy much of it up. What would happen if they did?

Well, that depended. If they tried to buy too much, too fast, the price would likely go way up. But that was all right; they were willing to pay considerably more. Maybe they should buy a little at a time, and spread the buy over a couple of years until they had half of the 400 million ounces. If they started buying at $4 an ounce, and bought at prices up to say, $36, their average price for the 200 million ounces would be $20 an ounce, a total investment of $4 billion. A good deal, exciting, big.

They started to buy. The price went up. What they were doing was no secret. They told everyone. News travels fast in the commodity markets. They say they operate independently. The constant use of both names here doesn't imply they act in concert. Maybe they do, maybe they don't. They do operate out of adjoining offices in Dallas. The point is they were both in the market, everyone knew it, and that probably did affect the price.

"Fair market value" is usually defined as the price willing buyers pay willing sellers, neither being under any pressure. In the case of silver, it depended on supply and demand, which itself depended on a number of economic and political factors and rumors: What would industrial demand be? What would be the new supply? Would there be a commodity boom? Would the OPEC countries invest more petrodollars in gold? Would they invest in silver? How far up would they drive the gold price? Would silver move from its recent 1:37 relationship to the gold price to the 1:20 relationship which had usually prevailed over the ages? And would there be a silver "comer''?

Comer? A pause for explanations. Silver is traded on numerous markets, principally physical bullion "spot," and "forward" markets overseas, and "futures" markets on the exchanges here. "Spot" trades are cash on delivery, now. "Forward" and "Futures" trades are agreements to buy and sell on set future date specified quantities which are sometimes but not always, on deposit with banks or warehouses approved by the markets. By way of analogy, banks customarily lend more money than they have on deposit-on the reasonable assumptions that most transactions will be settled by offsetting debits and credits, that only certain depositors will demand their funds at any one time, and that in the event of a run, the government and bank will shut operations down, and liquidate in an orderly and fair manner. In very much the same way, commodity markets customarily deal in forward and future contracts for more of the commodity than the approved banks and warehouses have on deposit-on the similar reasonable assumptions that most transactions will be settled by offsetting debits and credits, that only certain contract holders will demand delivery at any one time, and that in the event of a run, the government and "exchange" will shut the market down, and liquidate in an orderly and fair manner. The "exchange" is the more or less formal association of member firms operating a market.

"Forward" and "futures" sales may be "long" or "short": "long" if the seller has

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS the commodity on deposit, "short" if the seller does not own it. The short seller thinks the price will go down, and plans to buy the commodity cheaper later, on or before the date he has to deliver. In all cases, the functioning of the "forward" and ,;futures" markets depends on the right to require or the obligation to make physical delivery against payment on the due date. "Leverage" is the ratio of the total value of the commodity bought or sold to the required cash down payment in a "forward" or "future" contract. The leverage available in the U.S. futures markets was impressive: 20-30: 1 on silver and most other commodities; as much as 666:1 <$1500 for $1 million face amount> on three-month U.S. Treasury bills. The banks and exchange members executing customer orders guarantee the credit of their customers, making certain customer debts are adequately collateralized by sufficient initial and additional cash margin, and the exchanges usually guarantee the credit of their members, making certain that member debts are adequately collateralized by sufficient cash margin. Most of the time, the system works well, efficiently and fairly.

What do we mean by "comer"? A comer exists when one party or group owns substantially the entire available supply of a commodity and "squeezes" people who have sold short by demanding delivery and forcing the shorts to buy from the comerer the quantity they are short a.t higher and higher and ever more unfair prices.

There have been a number of more or less effective commodity comers over the years, but they have been increasingly rare recently because of the internationalization of markets, the proliferation of exchanges, government regulation of the exchanges, more effective management of the exchanges, new and improved communications, technological advances in the production of most commodities, and the like. On the other hand, a comer remains an exciting conception, and as Nelson Bunker and William Herbert enlarged their investment in silver, the possibility of a comer became a major factor affecting the silver price.

Why? Not because a comer was likely. And not really because of what the Hunt brothers said or did. But the comer story was being told by brokers, whose business it was to sell commodities to their customers, and tell it the brokers did, enthusiastically. Pretty soon, when people bought or sold silver, they were speculating not in silver but on the possibility of a comer. When they bought, they were betting on the comer. When they sold, they were betting against it. And lots of people did bet, on it or against it, including not only the professionals, super-rich, and multinationals but also some little people.

The little people were in the game because of the enormous leverage available in the U.S. futures markets. You could put down $1000 and buy or sell a 5000-ounce silver future worth $20,000 at $4 an ounce, $25,000 as the price went to $5.

Both of the relevant U.S. futures markets, the Commodities Exchange <Comex) in New York and the Chicago Board of Trade <CBOT), are operated by exchanges, much like the stock exchanges, governed by their members, and making markets in commodities, originally agricultural commodities such as wheat, sugar, soybeans, and pork bellies, and more recently foreign currencies, precious metals, and financial instruments, all of which are also traded as commodities. These markets exist, at least in

2739 theory, so that makers and users of the commodities can hedge against the risk of price fluctuations in the future. You can make a small "initial margin" down payment and agree that at a specified date in the future you will buy or sell a specific quantity of the commodity at a price which is, in general, the "spot" price the day the future is bought or sold, adjusted up or down according to the cost of borrowing money until the day set for payment and delivery.

If you buy, you are betting that the price will go up; if you sell, you are betting that the price will go down. If the price goes up or down in your favor, you can wait until the delivery date and then pay the balance of the purchase price and take delivery if you are "long" the commodity, or buy the specified quantity, deliver it, and collect the balance of the purchase price if you are "short" the commodity.

Or you need not wait until the delivery date. If the price goes up or down in your favor, you can borrow a portion of your paper winnings "equity," in effect getting a portion of your profits before you have earned them by completing your trade. If the price goes up or down against you, you will be "called" for "additional margin," and if you fail to post it promptly, your broker will close out your position by selling your future at the market price, holding you liable for any deficiency. To illustrate the impact of leverage ou the stakes: at 10:00 a.m. you buy a one-month 5000-ounce silver future for $4.10-and post initial margin of $1000 on the $20,500 purchase price. At 11:00 a.m. the price rises to $4.30 and you promptly sell-for $21,500: a profit of $1000 less commissions on your $1000 investment, doubling your money in one hour. For much of 1978 and 1979 you doubled your margin investment or lost it all on any 20-cent move. And your $1000 margin investment wasn't even due your broker until the next day.

It is a wild and risky game, and there are those who love it. The principal players are the exchange members, who make the markets, the makers and users of the commodities, and the "speculators." That appellation in this context is free from any derogatory taint; they are respectable and necessary parties whose willingness to gamble is essential to a properly functioning market.

Another class of player, the investor, has started to emerge recently. Speculators are by definition short-term players. People buy and sell pork bellies to make money, and virtually no one invests in pork bellies longterm. People do, however, invest long-term in the financial-instrument, currency, and precious-metal commodities. Many longterm holders are genuine investors there.e

RECENT HEATING OIL PRICE INCREASES

HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL OPNEWYORK


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, last year I released a study showing that price increases for middle distillate fuels-primarily home heating oil and diesel fuel-were totally unjustified. The study identified the major oil companies' role in the huge price

2740 increases of middle distillate during September 1978 through September 1979. Since October 1980, we have witnessed another huge and unjustifiable price increase in home heating oil. As Mr. Bruce Rothwell's editorial in the February 6, 1981, edition of the New York Post indicates, the major oil . companies are into the consumer again. Again the price increases are unjustified by recent crude oil price increases.

The editorial follows: RIPOFFS ON HEATING OIL

The scandalous increases in the price of heating oil week after week throughout this cold winter are being explained away as a result of the usual greed on the part of the OPEC sheiks and President Reagan's recent decontrol of oil.

Poppycock. Reagan lifted the controls only a couple

of days ago and the home heating oil now being distributed is from stocks produced at much lower crude oil acquisition costs.

The attempt to place the blame on OPEC is also phony.

Let us compare the $1.27 a gallon retail price today with the price of 98.8 cents last October.

To justify this increase there would have to have been an increase in the price of crude oil on the world market of $11.80 per barrel: as there are 42 gallons to a barrel, you multiply the price difference of 28.1 cents by 42.

But the price of OPEC oil during this period did not go up by $11.80 a barrel. It went up by between $2 and $4 a barrel, depending on whether the crude was purchased from the Saudis or from other price gouging Arab states.

What happened to the big oil companies and their refineries-even allowing for maximum labor cost increases during all of last year-to cause them to rip us off by a further $7.80 per barrel?

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Federal policy that will nurture the bay's health through this decade and beyond.

The material follows: THE CHEsAPEAKE BAY PRoGRAM:

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND F'uTuR.E NEEDS

STATEMENT OF THE CITIZENS STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE EPA CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM, APPROVED FEBRUARY 1981

The Chesapeake Bay is a resource of na· tional importance. Congress recognized this when, in 1976, it created the Chesapeake Bay Program and gave the Environmental Protection Agency $25 million to carry out that program. Conceived as a five-year program, this study has reached a critical phase. As it begins the process of assembling and analyzing millions of dollars worth of data, and preparing management options based on that data, it is important to reflect on what has been accomplished and to form recommendations on what should happen when the five-year program ends.

The Chesapeake Bay Program haS been a unique effort to look at a valuable resource as an entity, make some assessment of its health, and lay out a series of options with regard to future uses. This is the first time that water quality studies have been undertaken on a Bay-wide scale. When the data are computerized, the Bay Program will have prepared a good and accessible set of information on circulation patterns in the Bay, sediment distribution, dissolved oxygen, trace metals, organic pollutants, nutrients, and salinity. It will also have information on the distribution and ecological value of submerged grasses. The Bay Program will have quantified the pollutant loads being delivered to the Bay by the major tributaries and the relative contributions of land sources to those loads. All this information, when combined with historical data, will enable the Chesapeake Bay Program to assess the current "state of the Bay," make some predictions about water quality under various population and land

When it comes to avarice, need no lessons from OPEC.e

they clearly use projections, and offer alternative solu-

i>ERSPECTIVE OF CITIZENS STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE EPA CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM

HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES

tions for attaining the desired goals. These are significant accomplishments.

The technical information has been developed by a cadre of competent scientists working in research institutions around the Bay. The Bay community is grateful to have this corps of talented people working on the Bay and recognizes the value of their collective knowledge and experience. Continuity in research and the maintenance of a good data bank are fundamental to improved

OF MARYLAND management. If the Chesapeake Bay Re-IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES search Coordination Act is implemented, it

Monday February 23 1981 should be closely coordinated _ with the • • . Chesapeake Bay Program so that the mo-

e Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, the mentum the Bay Program has created in Chesapeake Bay is one of our Nation's the research community will not be stifled. most magnificent natural resources. The accomplishments of the Chesapeake As the states of Maryland and Virgin- Bay Program are m~c~. broader, h~wev~r. i d the Federal Government re- than ~erely the acqUISition of technical ma, an . formation. The Bay Program has created a

fleet on the continwng challenge of state-federal partnership which has successhow to best protect and preserve this fully focused on the complex nature of manresource, I insert in the RECORD a aging a resource which is under multiple jupaper which expresses the views of the risdiction. This partnership will foster ideosteering committee of the Citizens tification of the alternative solutions and Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc. participation ,in their implementation. The I look forward to working with my col- Bay Programs ~anagement co~ttee has

. . . . been an interestmg experiment m voluntary leagues ~ the Maryl~d and Vrrguua joint decision-making, and there is strong congressional delegatiOns, along with sentiment among that group for continuing all Members of Congress who share an an informal structure. appreciation for the bay and a com- In addition, the Bay Program has develmitment to its preservation, toward a oped a method, called segmentation, to or-

February 23, 1981 ganize technical data in a format that can enhance management capabilities for state and local governments. Based on previous work done on the Bay and on similar approaches which hav~ been successfully applied to other water bodies, segmentation appears promising. The Citizens Steering Committee is encouraging further development of the segmentation concept.

Another major accomplishment of the Bay Program has been the increased level of public awareness of and concern for the future of the Bay. EPA's commitment to public involvement in the Bay Program is unmatched in other research efforts. The involvement of interest groups including industry, maritime trade, agriculture, commercial fisheries, recreation, and conservation has produced a broad base of support for intelligent resource management based on adequate and accurate scientific assessments of causes and effects.

Politically, the Bay Program appears to have been responsible, at least in part, for two significant recent developments. In 1978, the Maryland and Virginia legislatures created a bi-state legislative commission to look at the Bay; in 1980 this temporary commission was given a ten-year life and is currently in the process of hiring an executive director. In 1979, the governors of the two states signed an agreement creating a bistate working committee which brings together the agencies in both states having jurisdiction over the Bay. This committee has reached agreement on a number of bi-state issues. Both of these developments bode well for continued informal cooperation on Chesapeake Bay affairs.

In the future, the Bay is going to need the same kind of attention that the Chesapeake Bay Program has focused on it for the past four years. It is necessary that a specific plan of action be developed now so that the efforts currently underway will not lapse at the end of 1981. The Citizens Steering Committee of the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program has determined that, at a minimum, the following actions are needed to secure the future of the Bay:

The Bay ought to be recognized in the Clean Water Act as a national resource, the kind of recognition already given the Great Lakes.

Continued federal presence on the Bay is vital. Federal funding of research and management programs and oversight of state planning, construction, and enforcement actions will continue to be necessary.

The Bay community needs to develop a clearly articulated set of objectives for the Bay. Present pollution control actions are likely to be inadequate to maintain the status quo, given the expected growth in the area. The public needs to decide how clean it wants the Bay, and what actions it will support to achieve that.

A mechanism, perhaps informal, for bi- or tri-state decision making is needed The lack of success of most Title II Commissions would suggest that the Bay states need to create something that will work for them, allowing the necessary flexibility for state and local decision making. The segmentation concept now in the developmental stages ought to be considered a decision making tool.

Public access to information about the Bay and a means to be involved in decision making need to be continued.

The ability of the states to monitor and enforce existing water quality regulations needs to be strengthened It is suggested

February 23, 1981 that monitoring and enforcement be priorities in federal grants to the states.e

WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT

HON. GARY A. LEE OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 23, 1981

• Mr. LEE. Mr. Speaker, in the most recent years, America has matured to a point where recognition long-overdue is being afforded to a segment of our population whose work was often taken for granted, overlooked, or placed in a lesser priority than those they worked beside. I am speaking of the healthy and exciting recognition afforded to women in America who provide business and industrial acumen equal to their male coworkers yet frequently unmentioned.

I take great pleasure each year to remind Americans that long ago in my congressional district's largest city, Syracuse, N.Y., a most progressive newspaper and the city's primary women's organization have teamed up to select the community's outstanding female figures. I am honored again this year to present this list of central New York's Women of Achievement, selected by the Syracuse Post-Standard and the Syracuse Federation of Women's Clubs.

Mr. Speaker, of all the traditional celebrations in this central New York city, announcement of the annual Women of Achievement awards captures more of the imagination and spirit of the new America than any other. They represent the uniquely American capacity to recognize hard work, dedication to community, and willingness to help others that created this Nation's bedrock foundation. Each of these recipients, in her own way, could be held before the entire Nation as an example of the individual efforts which our new President would like for each of us.

My heartiest congratulations are extended to each honored community resident today, just as, I am sure, the congratulations of my colleagues here in the Congress are extended. I proudly present this list of central New York's Women of Achievement:

Ida Benderson, All-Time recipient. Orletta Vadeboncoeur, All-Time recipient. Patricia Gonzales, Business/Industry re-

cipient. Arpena Mesrobian, Career recipient. Lois Stuber Spitzer, Citizenship recipient. Patricia Howard, Education recipient. Eunice Aikman, Good Neighbor recipient. Ann Biesemeyer, International Friendship

recipient. Dr. Marie S. Blackman, Medicine recipi

ent. Gladys McElroy, Volunteer Leadership re

cipient.e

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WOMEN IN AMERICA

HON. BARBARA A. MIKULSKI OF MARYLAND


eMs. MIKULSKI. Mr. Speaker, on February 4, 1981, as 3,000 women convened on the Hill to observe Women's Rights Day in Congress, I reintroduced a bill which would designate the week beginning March 8, 1981, as National Women's History Week. The new bill, House Joint Resolution 162, now has 127 cosponsors as we near the designated week.

The very existence of such proposed legislation has stimulated a flurry of activities around the Nation celebrating the achievements and contributions of women in America. My own great State of Maryland is planning an exciting week of events in the public schools and libraries around the State. Our Maryland Commission for Women has been working with our State department of education to provide every public school with an excellent resource packet, an 8-page list of knowledgeable speakers who are willing to travel anywhere in the State to talk about historical Maryland women, and posters, brochures, and profiles of Maryland women for public displays.

Recently, I came across an article in the New York Times which clearly shows that women's history is here to stay, that recent discovery of women's letters and diaries stashed in collections throughout the Nation represent a rich treasure of information to be shared with our people. I am happy to insert the article in today's CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD:

[From the New York Times, Jan. 5, 19811 LIBRARIES ON HISTORY OF WOMEN BUSY AND

GROWING

<By Nan Robertson) Spurred by the feminist movement of the

last decade, libraries and collections on the history of women have opened their doors across the United States and are expanding as never before.

The giants among them, notably the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, at Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Mass., and the Sophia Smith Collection, at Smith College in Northampton, Mass., both founded in the early 1940's, are being showered with donations and students' and authors' requests for access. Research visits at the Schlesinger-considered the foremost repository in the country devoted solely to the history of women-shot up from 247 in 1970 to more than 4,000 in 1980. The 20,000 volumes in the library, including 3,000 cookbooks, grew from 8,000 in 1968.

The great collections at the Schlesinger range from those of Betty Friedan and the National Organization for Women to "the French chef," Julia Child; from the records of the Lydia Pinkham Company, maker of "little pink pills," to those of the suffragists, the abolitionists and the Female Bible Society of Boston and Vicinity. The Sophia Smith Collection is famous above all for the

2741 papers of Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement; its lesser-known photo collection is choice and historic.

Carl Degler, a historian at Stanford University in California, was asked what changes he saw in women's history collections. He replied, "If you went to an ordinary library 20 years ago, they'd say, 'We don't have anything on women here. We have papers on this man and that family, but nothing on women.' It was discouraging and time consuming to pick out the material you knew was there. Now, the rise of the specialized libraries focuses in one place the sources dealing with the history of women. I call it exciting.''

RIPPLE EFFECT SEEN

A ripple effect of the big libraries' popularity and visibility shows in much smaller and very new collections opened in the late 1970's and 1960's. They include the National Black Women's History Archives in Washington and Jane Addams and Midwest Women's History collections, both at the University of Illinois Chicago Circle Campus. A magnificent private collection built over a lifetime, that of the late Miriam Y. Holden, was donated to the Princeton University library only in 1979, after her death.

How did these and other libraries come into being? What motivated them? Why have a women's history library anyWay?

One answer came from the historian Gerda Lerner, among the most forceful and articulate scholars on the history of women. The president-elect of the Organization of American Historians, Mrs. Lerner, who taught for years at Sarah Lawrence College and is now going to the University of Wisconsin, said in a recent interview: "Women's history was neglected and ignored by the men who made the culture-and who recorded only their own experiences. If you want to find out the truth about women's role in society, you have to restore women's history. You can't restore women's history if you don't collect the sources.'' She and others believe the biggest single impetus in the last decade came from the feminist movement.

Jill Conway, the President of Smith and a specialist in women's history, said that until recent years, "women's history scholars continually had to rediscover the past."

HEART-RENDING LETrERS

The history of American women, as told in these libraries, is recounted not only in the papers of reformist, heroines such as Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony and Margaret Sanger, or in the sagas of prominent families such as the Garrisons. It is told in the tum-of-the-century journals of Maimie, a reformed Philadelphia prostitute, and in the thousands of heart-rending letters from anonymous housewives that overwhelmed Betty Friedan after the publication of her watershed book, "The Feminine Mystique," in 1963. Here is one response:

"This book will do for American women what the Emancipation Proclamation did for the slaves. I have felt this way for years and have thought that there was something wrong with me.'' It was signed: "Enlightened.''

The most important recent event in women's history archives, opening a new era of research into women's lives, is not the opening of a library or the expansion of a collection or the donation of a spectacular set of a woman's papers. It is the debut of a book, now known familiarly as "The Hinding Book," which was published by the R.R.

2742 Bowker Company a year ago. It proved what many women's history scholars had suspected or believed-that women's history could be found not just in a few specialized libraries, but in thousands of treasure troves everywhere.

Titled simply, "Women's History Sources: A Guide to Archives and Manuscript Collections in the United States," this groundbreaking 2,505-page two-volume tome was edited by Andrea Binding, a librarian at the University of Minnesota, and represents the labor of 2,000 historians, librarians and scouts over seven years. What they found were 18,026 women's history collections across the length and breadth of the United States, many of them buried or "lost" in 1,586 locations, muffled in general archives such as the colossal Library of Congress and modest state historical societies or gathering dust in attics and basements. The Binding team identified and described each of its finds, arranging them geographically by state and city in a typographically handsome and easy-to-read format. The "Binding Book" <the first syllable is pronounced like "din") costs $175.

The "grand manuscripts search," as the Duke University historian Anne Firor Scott characterized the survey, was financed by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the University of Minnesota. The preface notes that in addition to serving as a traditional reference work, the book is "a compendium of women's experience in the United States."

"It describes women who were arsonists, astronomers, attorneys, botanists, legisla-. tors, madams, paleobotanists, physicians and stagecoach drivers," along with wives and mothers, "those who promoted suffrage while opposing birth control," and "others who did the reverse," those who were conventional and those who were eccentric.

Meantime, the specialized women's history libraries continue to open their doors, grow and prosper. Mrs. Lerner points out that the principal reason for this is the contemporary feminist movement, which dates from Betty Friedan's "The Feminine Mystique" in 1963 but took hold only in the early 1970's. There were precursors, earlier collectors of women's sources, but these are little known today.

The first collectors of women's sources were early 19th-century feminists. They compiled books, biographies of famous women, volumes assembling their great deeds. The next big effort was made by feminists in the 19th-century women's rights movement. It included Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and Mathilda Gage.

They edited a six-volume history of the women's suffrage movement, published in the 1880's, that was out of the same motivation, recognizing that their current movement would be part of history some day. That generation of feminists worked for the 19th Amendment-women's suffrage.

Mrs. Lerner took up the thread: "Then there was a second generation of collegetrained women. This group included Elizabeth Schlesinger, wife of Arthur Sr. anc;i mother of Arthur Jr.; Miriam Holden and Mary Beard, wife of Charles, the historian. Elizabeth Schlesinger was totally neglected. She wrote 14 books, seven co-authored and always ascribed to her husband, and seven herself. The seven she wrote herself were largely ignored. She wrote, most importantly, 'Women as Force in History,' very badly reviewed by historians. It was the single most significant work written on the theory

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS of women's history until the 1960's, and has been only recently revived. With Eugenia Leonard, these four women tried to create a women's archives from 1929 to 1940. It came to nothing. When the group gave up, Mrs. Schlesinger helped to found the Radcliffe Library. Holden continued to collect and after her death, her husband gave her collection to Princeton, The Mary Beard collection went to Columbia University."

The next step was the World Center for Women's Archives, created in 1936. The sponsors included Eleanor Roosevelt, Ida Tarbell, Margaret Sanger, Mrs. Vincent Astor, Mrs. Louis D. Brandeis, Frances Perkins, Oswald Garrison Villard, Alice Paul, Pearl Buck and Mary McLeod Bethune <the founder in 1935 and driving force behind the National Council of Negro Women, whose papers form the core of the newly activated National Black Women's History Archives). The World Center lasted only five years before financial and other problems caused its dissolution.

"In each case," said Mrs. Lerner, "we have an archive as a result of a feminist movement."

The origins of few collections are more eccentric, more original or more single-minded than the archives of the woman in Berkeley, Calif., who calls herself "Laura X." It began when she was 29 years old, grew and flourished in her hillside home from 1969 to 1974, overflowing at one point into a nonfunctional shower. Then, pressed for funds in the mid-1970's, she dispersed her collection to the University of Wyoming at Laramie and Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. Important chunks were microfilmed and are now available at the Women's History Research Center in Berkeley. The Laura X collection, although scattered, is considered by experts such as Patricia King, director of the Schlesinger Library, to be an offbeat and fascinating record of the modem feminist movement, "with echoes of the student left and radicalism."•

SELECT COMMITTEE ON NARCOTICS ABUSE AND CONTROL

HON. LEO C. ZEFERE'ITI OF NEW YORK


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, last week the Rules Committee favorably reported out House Resolution 13 to establish the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. I commend my colleagues on the Rules Committee for recognizing that the problem of drug abuse remains critical and that the important work of the select committee must continue.

Additional Members of the House have joined with me and 14 of my colleagues from the select committee in cosponsoring House Resolution 13.

The following Members are currently cosponsoring House Resolution 13:

LIST OF COSPONSORS

Mr. Zeferetti, Mr. Beard, Mrs. Collins of Illinois, Mr. Coughlin, Mr. de la Garza, Mr. Doman of California, Mr. English, Mr. Evans of Georgia, Mr. Gilman, Mr. Guyer, Mr. Neal, Mr. Railsback, Mr. Rangel, Mr. Rodino, Mr. Scheuer, Mr. McDonald, Mr.

February 23, 1981 Richmond, Mr. Levitas, Mr. Akaka, Mr. Fish.

Mr. Barnes, Mr. Nowak, Mr. DeNardis, Mr. Atkinson, Mr. Hertel, Mr. Howard, Mr. Grisham, Mr. Mineta, Mr. Lowry of Washington, Mr. Shaw, Mr. Yatron, Mr. Hightower, Mr. Erdahl, Mr. Mavroules, Mr. Pepper, Mr. Pritchard, Mr. Downey, Mr. Fauntroy, Mr. Chappell, Mr. Won Pat.

Mr. Dougherty, Mr. Anderson, Mr. Brown of California, Mr. Dixon, Mr. Stratton, Mr. Daub, Mr. Garcia, Mr. Nichols, Mr. Young of Alaska, Mr. Lagomarsino, Mr. Addabbo, Mr. Roe, Mr. Barnard, Mr. Hyde, Mr. Conyers, Mr. Corrada, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Winn, Mr. James K. Coyne.

Mr. Solarz, Mr. Sunia, Mr. Biaggi, Ms. Ferraro, Mr. Carman, Mr. Rosenthal, Mr. Stokes, Mr. Dyson, Mr. Bingham, Mr. de Lugo, Mr. Lent, Mr. Mica, Mr. Kemp, Mr. Dellums, Mrs. Chisholm, Ms. Fiedler, Mr. Porter, Mr. Anthony, Mrs. Schneider, Mr. Ottinger.

Mr. Roybal, Mr. Green, Mr. Jones of North Carolina, Mr. Solomon, Mr. Foglietta, Mr. McCollum, Mr. Peyser, Mr. Gray, Mr. Guarini, Mr. Dwyer, Mr. Hubbard, Mr. Gonzalez, Mr. Young of Florida.e

SO MUCH FOR CAMPAIGN PROMISES

HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK OF CALIFORNIA



• Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would like to commend to my colleagues the following editorial from the Oakland Tribune regarding the Reagan administration's imminent review and expected repeal of Federal standards affecting the hiring of minorities by Federal contractors.

There is a lot of talk by the advocates of supply-side economics about the expected benefits of abolishing such regulations. The claim is that if business is untethered from these restrictions, the job of providing and creating employment opportunities will be handled more efficiently and that more jobs will result.

I would like to see some evidence of the private sector's dedication to providing not just jobs, but jobs to those who need them most. As long as 10,000 of my constituents line up in Oakland looking for work, there is no reason for employers to complain they can not find enough willing labor. And there is no reason to cease Federal efforts to get those with jobs and those out of work together.

The editorial follows: [From the Oakland Tribune, Monday, Jan.

26, 1981] LoCKING IN DISCRIMINATION

On Wednesday an estimated 10,000 jobseekers showed up at a job fair in Oakland, waiting in line up to two hours for a chance to talk to prospective employers.

The turnout was so much higher than sponsors expected that some job-seekers never got in the door. Of those who did,

·February 23, 1981 more than half appeared to be members of minority groups.

That same day in Washington, D.C., two prominent Republicans from the San Francisco Peninsula renewed their efforts to modify requirements for federal contractors to hire minorities-because they say they cannot find enough.

At issue is a 1967 executive order by Lyndon B. Johnson which requires that the workforce of federal contractors reflect the racial makeup of the communities in which they are located.

Since Johnson set up the regulations by executive order, Reagan could wipe them out just as easily. No congressional approval is necessary.

The industries want regulations allowing their workforces to reflect the percentages of minority workers already in a particular field, rather than their percentage in the general population, according to Peninsula Rep. Paul N. McCloskey.

In return for McCloskey's endorsement in his presidential campaign, Reagan promised that, if elected, he would take a hard look at the affirmative action program.

Also spearheading the move to change the requirements is David Packard, multi-millionaire partner in the Hewlett-Packard electronics firm, a former deputy secretary of defense, and Northern California chairman for Richard Nixon in 1972.

With such supporters, it seems likely that the proposal will be considered seriously.

But to see the effect of setting goals based on past practice, one need only look at the old immigration quotas, based on patterns set when most immigrants came from Northern Europe. They effectively discriminated against immigrants from Asia and Mexico, as well as the Italians, Greeks and Eastern Europeans who made up the second wave of newcomers to this country.

Linking requirements for hiring to the available workforce would do the same, locking in the effects of the discrimination that has kept women and minorities out of technical and professional jobs for so many years.

It would take away incentives for industry to work with government and education to find ways to bring women and minorities into nontraditional fields.

It is hard to be sympathetic to McCloskey's claim that, at any given time, 4,000 jobs are vacant because employers cannot find workers, considering that only two small electronics firms showed up at the job fair in Oakland, a city with substantial unemployment, less than 50 miles away.

Yet many of these same companies have been willing to go to the developing nations of Asia to find workers, even in cases where it has meant helping workers move from scattered villages to company-provided housing near their factories.

H electronics companies can find the ways to train workers across the Pacific Ocean, one would think they could find ways to train workers from across the Bay. While prospective employees may need help in finding adequate transportation to the Peninsula, this would seem to be a relatively simple obstacle to overcome. McCloskey said he can make a good argunient that the cost of affirmative action adds 5 percent to the inflation rate. We find that hard to believe.

But even if it were true, the cost of refusing to offer equal opportunities to all of this country's population is far greater.

It is a sad commentary on our values when congressional representatives and corporate chieftains would rather work to

79-{)59 0 1984-84- (Vol. 127 Pt. 2)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS change the laws than work to solve the very real social problems which made the laws necessary in the first place.e

MY COMMITMENT TO MY COUNTRY



Monday, February 23; 1981

e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, each year the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States and its ladies auxiliary conduct a voice of democracy contest. This year, I am happy to say that the winner for the State of Georgia, Miss Karen Kay Martin, is from Griffin, one of the cities in my district.

I would like to share with you her patriotic essay. I hope you'll find it as inspiring as I did.

AN OLD-FAsmoNED AMERicAN I want to be an old-fashioned American.

You may call rile cornball if you wish, but I want to be a flag-waving, tear-shedding, apple pie-eatin', red-white-and-blue American. I am committed to preserving those proven ideals of patriotism, participation and pride in my country.

Thinking back, I have always been filled with intense feelings of patriotism. In grade school, one of my favorite parts of the day was reciting the pledge of allegiance and singing a patriotic song. I never grew tired of reading about Betsy Ross, Abraham Lincoln, or the American Revolution. Now, as in the past, on the Fourth of July, you can always find me waving sparklers or watching the local fireworks display. As I "ooh" and "aah" at the POP! and BANG! of the fireworks, I am remembering those battles long ago in which men and women died to gain independence for America. While I enjoy a Fourth of July picnic lunch at the park with my family and others, I thank God not only for the delicious food and fellowship, but also for the brave men and women who fought the elements and a hostile, unbroken land to establish a free America. As I watch parades, I wait impatiently for the color guard to approach, bearing America's symbol of independence-the flag; then, as my hand proudly goes to my heart, I feel the tears of love for this land of mine.

Through my example of a patriotic American, I am fulfilling my commitment to love my country. Even though I am only one young adult, I will always fight to preserve my old-fashioned ideals. Edward Everett Hale wrote, "I am only one, but still I am one. I cannot do everything, but still I can do something, and because I cannot do everything, I will not refuse to do the something that I can do."

Along with my commitment to patriotism comes my responsibility of participation. I must fulfill my duties as an American citizen. Voting for the officials who are to lead me, getting involved in local government, and working for civic groups are a few of the privileges that I am responsible for maintaining. My support of programs such as the United Way, Salvation Army, Goodwill, March of Dimes, and other service and charity organizations will help preserve American friendliness and concern for all people's welfare.

2743 Another area of my commitment to pre

serving American values lies in my participation in the defense of my country. I am humbled when I think of our American soldiers huddled in the breastworks of Bunker Hill, crawling on the beaches of Anzio, crouched in the foxholes of Korea, and wading in the rice paddies of Viet Nam. I am responsible for continuing this defense of my country at home and abroad, in back of the lines or in front.

Through my strong feelings of patriotism and through my enthusiastic participation in my citizenship activities, I hope to exhibit a pride which will stand as a worthy example for future young Americans to follow.

Yes, I am a proud, old-fashioned American. I am committed to preserving those values which unified our country in the past and can bring together our broad diversities today and tomorrow.

Through my example of a caring young adult, I hope to fulfill my commitment to my country-my commitment to those timehonored ideals of patriotism. participation, and pride in the United States of America.e

YOUNG INTRODUCES TAX INCENTIVES FOR SAVERS

HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG OF FLORIDA



• Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, we all realize the need to provide a real growth on the supply side of our economy, as opposed to a growing Federal bureaucracy. In order to promote that real growth we need to provide incentives to Americans for investment in the private sector. For many years now, the Federal Government has been establishing a false sense of financial security by printing money that we really do not have. This practice has fueled inflation, which makes it increasingly more difficult for the American people to utilize financial and savings institutions, because they need that money just to keep up with the cost of living. The alternative is to provide incentives to the American people to save their money, to create a money supply for capital creation and productivity, and thereby create jobs by promoting the expansion of industry.

The Federal thirst for deficit spending drives it into the money market to borrow enough funds to stay afloat. The Government competes with the private sector for scarce investment dollars, and pays high interest rates in order to attract investors. If someone can afford to invest money, he will certainly seek the highest return possible, and the subsidized Federal borrowers can easily outbid the moneystarved private sector for capital. We need to reverse this trend and instead encourage investments in the private sector if we are to create more jobs and enjoy real economic growth.

2744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The 96th Congress realized this, and The cost of producing pork today is 54~

was successful in enacting a temporary while the price received is about 40~. A new remedy in the windfall profits tax law, pickup costs $1,500 in 1950 and today it which provides individuals $200 and costs $9,500 and fuel costs have gone up 16

times. Keep in mind we are not talking married couples $400 in free interest about· an expendable product. Food is not and dividend income for calendar optional. There are no substitutes. years 1981 and 1982. I supported that What if I were to tell you-a time bomb action and believe it will help reduce will explode in this room at any minute? the strain on the available money The doors to the room are all locked. We supply, since it encourages Americans · have to act quickly. What could we do to to utilize savings accounts. However I prevent the bomb from going off? Suppose d t b 1. th vis" i you suggest I call the bomb squad; so I do.

o no e 1eve ose Pr? Ions go ar But I get a recorded message: "Sorry, due to enougJ;t. We must proVIde permanent lack of funding, the bomb squad has been incent1ves to the taxpayers of our disbanded." Then what? Ultimately, we Nation, and today I am introducing would all have to join together in a concertjust such legislation. ed effort to find that bomb and somehow

My bill provides a $1,500 tax exclu- deactivate it. sion for individuals on interest and There is a time bomb scheduled to go off dividend income, and a $3,000 exclu- at any minute-no~ in this room, but sion for persons who are married and throu~hout the entrre w~rl~. That time

. . . . bomb IS world hunger and It's JUSt as deadly ~ile J.oin~ tax returns. I believe ~his leg- as any bomb we've ever known. 1Slat10n lS a good step in providing per- It's hard to think about hunger when manent saving incentives to those who we're wax fat and full. Most Americans prefer to follow a sound savings pro- rarely think about real hunger because gram, while at the same time creating we're so well fed. Even our poorest have more capital for investment and pro- access to fo~d stamps. But h~ge~ is a very ductivity in the private sector. real threat m the future. This trme bomb

Mr. Speake!, the American people ke:~~ ~~~e we going to do when bacon are f~d up Wit~ the Federal. Gov~rn- and hamburger costs twenty dollars a ment s econonnc policies. This leg15la- pound? What are we going to do when our tion will help alleviate the problem source of protein is as costly and precious as and I hope we can consider it at the an ounce of caviar? earliest possible date.e We must increase our food supply, not

only to keep prices affordable, but also to keep up with population growth. World pop

ADDRESS BY ORVILLE K. SWEET ulation is increasing at a rate of five persons

HON. IKE SKELTON OF MISSOURI


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, the executive vice president of the National Pork Producers Council, Orville K. Sweet, addressed the Annual Pork Producers and Legislators Banquet here in Washington on the evening of February 4. His talk was most interesting and thought provoking. I commend it to Members of this body.

AGENDA FOR THE 80'S Pork producers gather here tonight for a

unique purpose. We are here not to be hosted but to be hosts, not for a handout but to help out.

We are here not to complain and criticize but to encourage and support.

We are concerned that the average American does not comprehend the greatest threat to world peace and security. That threat is the increasing probability of world food shortages.

Fate has placed the greatest burden in human history on the American farmer.

He bears that burden for two reasons. First, because of all the great industries throughout the world, American agriculture is the most efficient. And second, because America lies in that narrow band around the earth known as the temperate zone. This rare combination of rich soil and optimum climate makes it possible to produce more food than any other nation on earth.

But today's food producer is caught in a cost squeeze from which many will not survive. In 1950, a dozen eggs cost the consumer 72~. today eggs are 70~.

a second. There are eighty (80) million more people to feed each year. The United Nations' World Food Council estimates conservatively there are more than one-half billion people in underdeveloped countries who literally are starving right this minute. Their diets lack protein-the scientific definition of malnutrition is lack of protein. The time bomb keeps ticking.

A lot of hungry people clamored onto America's shores during 1980-more than a million aliens. They didn't leave Cuba, Haiti and Cambodia simply because they didn't like the politics there. They came to the United States because they were hungry. The time bomb keeps ticking.

The United Nations' World Food Council has labeled the turbulent 1980's the "foodcrisis prone decade". We're suffering from a variety of shocks to our food supply-climate change, OPEC enbargoes, Middle East conflicts and rampant inflation. Our time bomb of hunger keeps on ticking-and we must learn how to deactivate it-NOW!

We can't plan for future shocks from a state of ignorance. We need research to help us solve our food problems-and we have only a slender time margin to work with. Anson Bertrand, the United States Department of Agriculture's research director has said-if research efforts are not increased, our fundamental knowledge of 1ood production will have been picked bare long before the year 2000. He has warned us that the general public does not have the slightest idea of how precarious our position is.

Let's take a look at some of the ways research can help us.

Our productivity has plateaued because there haven't been any recent breakthroughs in technology to increase our efficiency. Besides that, our resources are dwindling. We're being asked to do more with less-provide more meat, more milk and

February 23, 1981 more eggs with less energy. less land and less water.

The amount of land available for agricultural use is shrinking. Our land is being transferred to urban and industrial use at a rate of one million acres a year. We're going to have to grow more food on less acreage.

Of all the wonderful things about democracy, it has one serious flaw. It's simply those of us who enjoy it don't understand it. The dynamics of democracy is catastrophe.

In 1939 we passed the draft law by only one vote. In the 30's we passed the insurance savings plan after we were bankrupt. We fund research for airline safety but only after the greatest tragedy.

A great number of the world's population is starving today, what can we, what should we do before the crisis hits the U.S.? How do we de-activate the time bomb?

Research can make our jobs as pork producers much easier in ways other than increasing the reproductive efficiency of sows. We have much more to learn about feed efficiency. swine nutrient requirements and better utilization of feed additives. Genetic improvements can help us improve economic performance of our animals through the development of superior germ plasm. And we all know how important disease control is to our operations. Research in marketing is the only solution to the gross inequalities between a farmer's cost of production and the prices received. We score much higher on production efficiency than we do on marketing.

Research on food safety and nutrition can give us information we need to deal with consumer issues. The diet-heart controversy isn't going to go away unless more facts can be established. We need also to resolve issues of food contamination and spoilage, the nitrite problem and the question of toxic chemicals in food.

With all of those issues to face, what are we doing about them? Very little. This year, only 2.2 percent of our national research budget will be spent on agriculture. Food supply has dropped drastically on America's list of priorities. During 1949, 39 percent of all U.S. research funds were allocated to projects aimed at improved food production. During 1950, agricultural funding had slipped to 6 percent. We have many more people to feed now than we did then. And yet, our only means of increasing food supply-research-has diminished substantially. The time bomb keeps ticking.

Where are our priorities? This year, the U.S. will spend more than 161 billion dollars for defense; five and one-half billion for space; 5 billion for· energy; 4 billion for human health. Agriculture will get only $600 million. Secretary Block assured us today that he is equally concerned.

Priorities need to be re-arranged within the realm of agricultural research. Less than one-half of our total agricultural research budget goes to animal research. Although animal food provides more than 40 percent of our food supply, only one-half percent of the value of those products is spent on research.

Funding for research is a very good investment. In the swine industry, return on research investment is about 52 percent higher than any other type of livestock and much higher than most manufacturing industries.

Because agricultural research is such an important investment in our future, I ask all of you to support me in waking up America to the need for increased research. Be an activist yourself. Get the facts. Become a

February 23, 1981 spokes-ll8.11 in your community on the need for animal agricultural research. The National Pork Producers Council is working in tandem with the newly formed Forum for Animal Agriculture to obtain research funding. We're going to present our case to the American public. And we need all the support we can get.

Through research, we can act now to avert food crises and necessary profit for the producer. And through that research we can and we will deactivate that time bomb that threatens our industry.

People who are challenged by a higher purpose are those who not only achieve great things for others but they accomplish more for themselves. There is an old cliche among hog men that hogs don't bed up together to keep each other warm but to keep themselves warm.

An attitude and a mind set for serving others is the key to happiness and success. So often our immediate goal is economic but when our goal is serving others, the economics seem to always fall in place. For tens of thousands of years, man has dreamed of a world free of hunger and oppression. We still hold that dream.

Freedom. Freedom-do we really know what it means? Just this past week, 52 people returned home. Church bells rang. Anthems were sung. Bands played. Parades marched. Yellow ribbons were strung and last Thursday was a day of Thanksgiving.

What was your reaction? What have we learned from this experience? Do we really know what it is to be free? If we have never been without air, do we really know how sweet it is? To be free is the greatest gift on earth.

But there are other kinds of bondage. There is the bondage of hunger, poverty and ignorance. To be enslaved by any of these captors is a horrible thing.

New Year's morning 1981, a select group of celebrities who were also naturalized citizens were guests on the early morning Today Show. They each told their story and related their own opinion as to what contributed the most to their rise to fame. Without exception, each said the greatest factor contributing to their success was the opportunity America provided. Henry Kissinger said the most difficult problem for him to understand as Secretary of State was the period of time when America, through internal strife, seemed to be bent on self-destruction while millions around the world would swim oceans just to be part of her and to enjoy her bounty.

My father lies tonight under the grassy sod and the starlight skies of central Oklahoma. His grave is marked by a small granite stone, with this simple inscription: "He is a good man." He left me neither gold nor silver, but he left me something far more precious. He left me the memory of an honest, Christian father who loved America and the soil. He also left me this moral philosophy, "It is far more important what a man is than what he has or what he does."

May God grant us the privilege of passing this philosophy on to our children and their children, because that is not only the basis for Christianity, but is the foundation upon which this country was built and our only hope for its future.

CONCLUSION

We share a magnificent obsession, an achieveable dream. We can feed the world without bankrupting America and selling the future of our children and grandchildren. We must, however, think big, plan big, and perform efficiently. We need not prosti-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS tute America by exporting her non-replaceable natural resources. Above all, we must protect and reserve the soil.

There is a special relationship between God, man and the soil. You can recognize a true farmer by the way he cherishes the soil.

The solution is in replenishing our bank of technology through research and sharing the technology with the Third World. Not a new idea but still a good one.

Feed a man a fish and he will enjoy a meal-teach him how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his life and those who come after him. That's the way we deactivate the time bomb.

Edna Saint Vincent Millay wrote a poem entitled "Renaissance" about a man who returned to earth and had a beautiful perspective about life and success. I give you only the last verse-The world stands out on either side No wider than the heart is wide Above the world is stretched the sky No higher than the soul is high The heart can push the sea and land Farther away on either hand The soul can split the sky in two And let the face of God shine through But East and West can pinch the heart That cannot keep them pushed apart And he whose soul is flat-the sky Will cave in on him-by and by.

We are delighted you are here tonight. Where else but in America can farmers come to their nation's capital and converse with the highest levels of government. Where else but in America can we meet on social terms and break bread together and discuss our country's problems and challenges. I think you all agree it is worth saving.e

VIOLA GRACE CROSTHWAITE

HON. CARL D. PERKINS OF KENTUCKY


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, the Nation owes a great debt to the individuals who render service in classrooms. These dedicated professionals are one of the Nation's greatest resources. Most ·often their services to their community continue long after retirement from educational systems.

I would like to share with my colleagues the outstanding achievements of Viola Grace Crosthwaite, who has taught almost 50 years in Rowan County, Ky., one of the counties I am privileged to represent in the Congress. Recently the Kentucky Retired Teachers Association newsletter commended her service with the following commentary, which I insert in the RECORD at this point:

Miss Grace Crosthwaite is a native Kentuckian. She was born and reared in Rowan County.

She received her elementary education in a one-room rural school called Charity Branch School. She got her high school diploma in Morehead, Kentucky. She received her BS Degree from Morehead State University in 1934 and her MA Degree in 1953.

Grace taught 49.1 years in Rowan County-10.1 years in the rural school

2745 which she attended, 5 years in the Morehead Grade School, and 34 years teaching Mathematics in the Rowan County High School. She was also senior sponsor most of those years, and she also sponsored the yearbook and the school paper.

In 1934-44 she was president of the Morehead State University Alumni Association and has served on the Alumni Executive Council for several years. She is a member of the Farmers Rebekah Lodge #23, the Kentucky Federation of Homemakers, the Rowan County and Licking River Extension Council, the American Legion Auxiliary, the Historical Society, and the St. Claire Ladies Auxiliary of which she was president for three years.

Since she retired she has been active in the retired teachers groups in Eastern Kentucky. She has been the secretary of the Eastern District of retired teachers since 1975.

In 1975 she helped organize the Rowan County Retired Teachers Association and has served as its secretary and treasurer since it was organized. She has also helped Mildred McLain, NRTA Assistant State Director, organize retired teacher units in Morgan, Martin, Magoffin, Fleming, and Robertson Counties.

In 1975 the Lions Club presented her with an award as the Outstanding Woman of the Year for Outstanding Community Work. In 1976 the Farmers Rebekah Lodge #23 chose her for the Rebekah of the Year. The Editorial Board of the American Biographical Institute, a Division of Historical Preservation, presented her with an award. She was selected to appear in the 1979-80 edition of Community Leaders and Noteworthy Americans. The honor comes in recognition of her outstanding service to her community, state, and nation.e

NATIONAL DAY OF THE SEAL

HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS OF VERMONT



• Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing a resolution to proclaim March 1, 1981, the National Day of the Seal. This resolution is meant to celebrate the birth of the seal rather than its often brutal death, which has frequently been noted in the past. March 1 has been proclaimed the International Day of the Seal in many nations. In the United States, the focus of the festivities is New York City, where the Paul Winter Consort will give two benefit concerts in the Cathedral of St. John the Divine.

March 1 is a particularly significant day in the eternal cycle of the harp seal. Each year around this time, about 400,000 harp seal pups are born off the coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In the first 2 months of their lives, approximately 180,000 of them will be killed before their bright white coat begins to molt and turns to the gray adult coat.

Much has been made of the often brutal and inhumane method of killing these animals. The hunt is con-

2746 ducted by Canadian and Norwegian nationals under the supervision of the Canadian Government, which justifies the "harvest" on the grounds of herd management techniques that are supposed to allow the herd to increase. However, a recent study by two population dynamics experts concluded that the methods used to determine quotas contained biases that led to underestimations of both the decline of the stock and the natural mortality rate. Nevertheless, the quotas remain unchanged and will be filled in the next 2 months. '

Many U.S. citizens have expressed outrage over the clubbing that is used to kill the seal pups. On March 1, however, we can project a more positive, upbeat feeling about the seal by celebrating its birth. I urge my colleagues to support this resoulution and observe the International Day of the Seal in any manner they see fit.

The resolution follows: H. CON. RES. 72

Concurrent resolution to declare March 1, 1981, as National Day of the Seal

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembed,

Whereas the seal is an essential and inseparable part of the marine ecosystem, and

Whereas the seal, of which there are some 33 species, is a land mammal that returned to the oceans 20 to 30 million years ago, and

Whereas the presence of the seal helps maintain the health and balance of this environment, and

Whereas the presence of the seal is an indication of a whole and healthy ecosystem, and

Whereas the seal is a social carnivore with a highly evolved nervous system and physiology especially adapted to its marine environment, and

Whereas the seal epitomizes the freedom and the mystique of the oceans and in many cultures is revered as a spiritual embodiment of the mind in the waters, and

Whereas March is the month of the year when the harp seals pup, renewing their eternal cycle, and

Whereas the growing worldwide awareness of the ecological and esthetic value of the seal has led to a desire to designate a special day of recognition: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the House of Representatives <the Senate concurring>, That the Congress proclaims March 1, 1981, as the National Day of the Seal and urges all citizens to join in this celebration of life with appropriate activity.e

VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST WINNER

HON. JAMES V. HANSEN OF UTAH


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, it is with great pride that I share with my colleagues, today, a noteworthy essay on patriotism written by a high school student in my district, David Terry

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Warner of Provo, Utah. David is a winning contestant in the voice of democracy contest conducted by the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, and its ladies auxiliary.

I congratulate this fine young man on this outstanding achievement, and wish him continued success in the coming years. The essay follows:

A dawn mist rose from Lexington Green, and Concord welcomed the clear, April morning. The young men and their fathers gathered in anticipation, and their sparse numbers grew. This was a moment of decision. Each colonist had to make a choice. Was a war that would last over seven hard years worth their freedom?

There has seldom been such patriotic fervor as there was in those early days, but the United States is no longer young. American society has reached a point that marks a people in middle passage. We have lost the innocence of youth and we seek the wisdom of maturity. Like the revolutionist of Lexington, we stand in a clearing; we stand on a green. Our path has been paved with sacrifices we did not make. By birth we inherit freedoms we haven't fought for. In living we adopt an ideal of a generation long gone by. As heirs of our history we are given our past and it gives us our future. Just as those of Concord, we must make that decision, for we will fight for today's freedom now, or relinquish tomorrow's hope in the future.

For me, it is not easy. Manhood spreads hopeful ambition, and I embrace my future with great anticipation. But like the boys of Lexington, I must consider a future without the niceties of my past. History echoes with the voices of those who have made that choice. The stories of over one million Americans who died in combat must be heard, and to the wounded we must listen, and for their families we must care. These too were young people on the threshold of adult life. And as adults the decision is ours. Is the American ideal worth our future?

For every ambitious American who like me has ever reaped a beneift from this society, I would suggest a debt, one paid by one million young lives and yet still owed. It is a personal deficit that must be cleared by every individual. To this society we owe a commitment: a commitment to past efforts, a commitment to tomorrow's attempts, a commitment to defend America in whatever capacity our abilities will afford-and defending America does not mean going to war. The majority of our citizens have never been in battle. We can't think less of them because they were not friends of Paul Revere or field scouts for MacArthur. Though I may never fight on a battlefield, my war for independence must never cease. For those like me, we fight a silent war, a muted foe. It is the cynicism, the ignorance, the apathy we battle. And perhaps it would be easier to fight a concrete opposition, but this deterioration of the American ideal is a relentless and destructive enemy. Americans must defend America with their personal attitudes and with their individual actions. It is the quiet things that win a quiet war: a conscientious vote, a constructive criticism, a supportive voice. It is the quality of caring and the caring for the quality. That is the voice of Democracy. These are our responsibilities, for we are the agents of our future. And if America ever rises as the standard it will not be because of an army but because of a unity: a unity in commitment, a unity in personal attitude, a unity in individual action.

February 23, 1981 My commitment to my country is a pledge

to defend it, whether on the battlefront or on the homefront, whether in war or in peace. The dream of those at Lexington and Concord is mine, and I will pay my price for dreaming. Nothing is free, and freedom is no exception. Let my commitment to my country give my children and their children the opportunity to make such a choice. Let my integrity find me loyal in that moment when I must choose between my own future and the future of this nation. Let history number me among the patriots of that April morning, for together we stand in a clearing.

On this green of decision, let me contribute to a nation that survives only because my commitment to defend America in attitude as well as action, does not stand alone.e

BRAZILIAN MODEL FOR REAGAN TO STUDY




e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, it seems as if our neighbors down in Brazil have mastered the art of cutting federal bureaucracy. I think it is time our country took some lessons from Brazil's 10-member Ministry of De bureaucratization.

In a recent Washington Post article, Jim Brooke reported how, in just 18 months, the ministry has abolished over 500 obligatory documents and streamlined paperwork for Brazil's citizens. This saved Brazilians from having to fill out and send in almost 400 million forms in a year.

I would like to share this amazing article with my colleagues. Maybe cutting the bureaucracy will not be as harmful as some make it out to be. [From the Washington Post, Feb. 15, 19811

"CHAMPION MINISTER" SKEWERS BUREAUCRACY AS BRAZIL CHEERs

<By Jim Brooke) Rio DE JANEIRO.-President Reagan's ap

prentice red-tape cutters could take a look at the shining record of Brazil's 10-member Ministry of Debureaucratization.

Since birth 18 months ago, it has abolished in excess of 500 formerly obligatory documents and streamlined paperwork for passports, wills, drivers' licenses, export licenses and voter registration-sparing Brazil's 119 million citizens the chore of filling out, having stamped, sealing, notarizing or authenticating roughly 400 million forms annually.

Last year, the ministry introduced legislation to exempt most small businesses from filing income taxes, cutting the number of returns by 60 percent but reducing revenue by only 1 percent. The ministry has unveiled new rules exempting small farmers and other low-income groups from paying income tax, a reform expected to reduce the number of returns by 20 percent and save 340 million sheets of paper.

This partial list of accomplishments is why Hello BeltrAo, "extraordinary minister for debureaucratization," has become a hero

February 23, 1981 to Brazilians, wealthy and poor. He receives more than 100 letters daily, some addressed to "Mr. Champion Minister," makirig his office a few doors from the president's a national suggestion box for ways to attack bureaucratic excesses.

Beltra.o, 62, a former New York University law student, modestly attributes his popularity to the fact that "no one in Brazil likes bureaucracy." In an interview, he described Brazil as a nation where "officials believe more in death certificates than in cadavers."

Bureaucratic horror stories abound. A woman applying for retirement benefits patiently stood in line for several hours, clutching her bundle of . papers. When her turn arrived, a conscientious official scrutinized her forms, page by page. Then he pounced. She had forgotton to obtain an atestado de vida-a document proving she was alive.

In his first proclamation, Beltra.o abolished that and five similar forms that he said "made life hell for the poor."

The heart of his program was unveiled a few months later in a startling presidential decree: "Until proved in the contrary, people are telling the truth."

To get the word out, Beltra.o ordered that 750,000 posters bearing these and later measures be tacked up in Brazil's 50,000 federal offices. Today in post offices and police stations across the 27 states and territories, clerks work under such slogans as "Excessive control does not stop the dishonest, it Just makes life difficult for the honest," or "Your word is worth more than a lot of documents."

At the bottom of these posters and at the end of a series of television spots appears Beltra.o's mailing address in Brasilia and the message: "Complain to the minister."

Few complain about his crusade. In Congress, Beltra.o's programs have en

joyed bipartisan backing, some passing unanimously. But a bill to release automatically federal revenues owed to states and cities ruffled a few feathers.

One government deputy was overhead grousing, "Now my mayors aren't going to need me to free their highway funds."

While Beltra.o's reforms remain largely noncontroversial in Brazil's increasingly peppery politicial climate, the minister's work is carving into the livelihood of despachantes, or professional middlemen.

For a fee, these despachantes will cut through the bureaucracy that has grown corpulent, cushioned from public displeasure, in almost 17 years of uninterrupted military rule. Although they learn the trade in a school, serve an apprenticeship, and register with a union, one of their primary skills is knowing where and when to drop a generous "tip" to a public functionary.

Rio's yellow pages list about 500 despachantes and even government offices have resorted to using them to conduct business with each other. But Beltra.o has eliminated much of their work and union officials complain that they do not foresee offering new courses within the next few years.

In addition to simplifying life for the ordinary Brazilian, Beltra.o aims to reduce the state's role in the economy. ·

In a country where 60 percent of industrial production comes out of state-controlled factories, private business leaders hail Beltra.o as their savior. He was honored as "man of the year" by Visa.o magazine, the leading business weekly. In a speech kicking off a small-business conference, the minister estimated that Brazilian businesses, large and small, must keep up with 500 bureaucratic forms and obligations each year.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2747 Beltra.o also keeps at his fingertips statis- . make for my country? Would I be willing to

tics for the U.S. bureaucratic burden- interrupt my education in order to stop ag"41,000 regulations for your hamburger"- gression? Would I be willing to conserve and he says the United States is ripe for de- energy to prevent the United States from bureaucratization. becoming dependent on the oil-producing

Looking back on his first 18 months of nations? I answer yes to these questions. To running Brazil's pioneer program, his advice ' me the preservation of democratic princito the Reagan administration is: vigorous ; pies stands above everything else. presidential support, a tight nucleus of advisers, dramatic, eye-catching measures at the outset, and a leader with the prestige and personal qualitie_s to capture public and congressional support.

Beltra.o has the qualities to win respect. He served for two years as planning minister and until his present post was one of Brazil's highest paid executives.

He also has a sense of humor. A lifelong guitar player, he has composed

a "Samba of De bureaucratization." The refrain translates roughly as: "In the nest of the bureaucrat, there are millions of little bureaucrats-plenty of work for the simplifying cat."e

VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST WINNER

HON. GREGORY W. CARMAN OF NEW YORK



• Mr. CARMAN. Mr. Speaker, one of our Long Island young people has distinguished herself by winning the New York State honors in the voice of democracy contest, conducted every year by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. I think the winning speech from my State should be an inspiration to all. It was written by Miss Tara Marie Kazak, 33 Polly Drive, Huntington, N.Y.

The essay follows: In 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt de

clared that the world was founded upon four freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. It is these words that have helped me to understand my commitment to my country. Without these freedoms democracy would cease to exist. These freedoms are basic to man's nature. Since these freedoms are so important to me as a person, it is my responsibility to safeguard them. This is the basis for my commitment to my country.

A presidential election year dramatizes the role of the electorate in a representative democracy. Our government requires the consent and active participation of informed citizens. As a prospective voter it is my duty to learn as much as I can about the nation's problems and the proposed solutions to these problems. This will help me to become a more effective citizen. A democracy can never succeed if everyone passes the burden on to someone else. Thomas Paine, during the Revolutionary War, described a real patriot as one who comes to the aid of his countq during any emergency. A loyal citizen is nOt-a sunshine patriot. A sunshine patriot is one who shrinks away from the service of his country in times of crisis. The hostages in Iran and their families are true patriots. I can learn a great deal from their example about commitment to my country. _ How mu_ch sacrifice would I _ be willing . to

In a few years I shall vote and take an active part in government affairs. By choosing government officials wisely, I will be assured of having my interests represented in both the local and federal levels of government. By participating in community affairs, I will continue to increase my knowledge of government problems.

Franklin Roosevelt's statement of the four freedoms has given me insight into my responsibilities as a United States citizen. With every benefit comes a responsibility. One responsibility is to keep informed about public issues and government actions. Another is to take part in community affairs and elections. Finally, my duty includes the willingness to serve my country. Eleanor Roosevelt recognized the importance of the individual in a democracy. She stated, "A democratic government represents the sum total of the courage and the integrity of its individuals. It cannot be better than they are."e

RESTRICTING IMPORTS OF FOREIGN AUTOMOBILES

HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING OF OHIO



e Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, the 96th Congress considered and enacted a number of resolutions dealing with the problem of automobile imports. I cosponsored several of them, as well as · legislation .to provide tax credits for the purchase of American cars.

I have long supported the concept of lowering both tariff and nontariff barriers to global trade. In the long run we and our trading partners benefit from the free flow of international trade. However, the continued import penetration of foreign cars, and the se- ; rious effects of the penetration on the : U.S. auto industry, leads me to con- · elude that Congress must take strong ! steps to prevent the irretrievable de- : cline of the domestic auto industry. One of the options available to us is to ; impose some type of temporary auto import restrictions.

In January, the Department of Transportation released a profoundly disturbing study of the future of the U.S. auto industry. The study indicates that the current trend in job loss in the domestic auto industry is not likely to be halted in the near future. In fact, the study predicts the loss of half a million manufacturing jobs over the next 10 years, principally in the aready hard-hit Northeast-Midwest industrial area. Furthermore, the U.S. auto in._dustry may have to spend as_

2748 · much as $70 billion over the next 5

years if the industry wishes to overcome its current trade disadvantage with foreign car manufacturers.

The DOT study calls for a new spirit of cooperation between the auto industry, the Federal Government, and labor unions, in order to create the climate best suited for aiding the industry. The study calls on the Government to provide for a refundable investment tax credit to help the industry acquire the capital it needs for retooling, as well . as for an accelerated depreciation schedule. The study also calls for the Government to provide increased programs for worker retraining and community redevelopment. Fi-

. nally, the study calls for the Government to negotiate an orderly marketing agreement with Japan in order to restrict imports of Japanese cars toreflect the time needed for the U.S. auto industry to retool and meet the import challenge.

I am the author of legislation to pro-. vide a refundable investment tax

credit, and I support legislation to accelerate the depreciation schedule. l have also introduced legislation amending and broadening the provisions of the Trade Act of 1974 governing trade adjustment assistance benefits to workers and firms. Today I am introducing legislation to establish a mandatory limit on imported automobiles for 3 years.

I am not suggesting that the only cause of rising auto industry unemployment is the high rate of import sales. With few exceptions, the management of America's great auto corporations failed to accommodate their production plans to meet the clear need for improved fuel efficiency after the great OPEC price squeeze that started in 1974. Congress was also slow to react, though in 1977 Congress finally mandated a gradually rising scale of fuel efficiency in successive model years.

Moreover, U.S. automakers have frequently failed to price their fuel-efficient cars to compete effectively with imports. Nor have U.S.-made economy cars always been as competitive, in terms of quality and reliability, although U.S. cars have been found to be considerably safer in crashes than imports. Fortunately, the new generation of fuel-efficient U.S. cars appears to be considerably improved in quality over previous efforts.

As Members of the House of Representatives, we simply cannot sit back and watch the U.S. auto industry collapse. We must help the industry buy the time to retool and obtain sufficient income to pay for retooling and to survive in the meantime. The DOT auto industry study indicates that Japanese auto manufacturers benefit from a government-industry-labor relationship designed ~o ~axi.m,ize effi-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ciency of production and minimize its cost. Furthermore, foreign auto manufacturers benefit from tax structures which encourage auto exports by "rebating" certain indirect taxes, thus, in effect, subsidizing their exports. While not the subject of the bill I am introducing, I believe Congress should look at the general question of how Federal tax policies may indirectly benefit foreign car manufacturers.

It is my hope that our trading partners will take serious note of the increasing pressure for a permanent limit on auto imports. We have passed resolutions which ought to persuade our allies that we are deeply concerned about the high level of auto and truck exports to the United States. However, thus far it does not appear that foreign car .manufacturers are willing voluntarily to limit exports to the United States. Indeed, Toyota Motor Sales U.S.A. recently filed suit ·. in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging a decision by U.S . G._ustoms officials to increase the tariff on imported small pickup trucks from 4 percent to 25 percent. This has led me to conclude that we must provide for a mandatory temporary limit on auto imports if we are to prevent the collapse of the U.S. auto industry.

The legislation I am introducing today sets an import limit of 1. 7 million units for each of 3 years, 1981, 1982, and 1983. Each individual foreign car manufacturer would be allowed to retain its 1979 market share ratio. In other words, if a foreign car manufacturer held a 20-percent share of the U.S. import market in 1979, that manufacturer would be entitled to a share of the U.S. import market no larger than 340,000 cars in each of the quota years. My bill does give the President authority to waive the import restrictions for 6 months if it is determined that such a waiver is in

· the national interest and would not harm the U.S. auto industry. Congress would have 30 days in which to disapprove the waiver by concurrent resolution.

Industry studies indicate that U.S. auto manufacturers already have sufficient productive capacity to satisfy the probable demand for fuel-efficient cars to the extent that it exceeds the number of cars that could be imported under the proposed quota.

There is a risk that mandatory import restrictions may strain our relationships with our allies in Europe and Japan. However, our trading partners must also realize that declining U.S. auto industry employment seriously strains the good will Americans hold for them. If our trading partners will not take steps to reduce this strain, then we must do so ourselves.e ·

1

February 23, 1981 ONE HUNDREDTH BIRTHDAY

TRffiUTE TO MARY AGNES KELLEY

HON. CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER OF RHODE ISLAND



e Mrs. SCHNEIDER. Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure today to pay tribute to Mary Agnes Kelley of Smithfield, R.I., who will celebrate her 100th birthday on March 6, 1981. Miss Kelley is the oldest living graduate of St. Xavier Academy in Providence, where she worked as a bookkeeper before her retirement. I am sure my colleagues will join me in wishing Miss Kelley a happy birthday on this auspicious occasion.e

HUAC? IN 1981? TODAY?

HON. TOM LANTOS OF CALIFORNIA



• Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, my distinguished colleague and neighbor from California, Mr. EDwARDs, with his penetrating sense of history, cautioned us all not to slip into repeating some of the least distinguished episodes in our recent history in an article in the New York Times. I am pleased and proud to introduce into the RECORD his thoughtful and perceptive comments on the possible restoration of the so-called House Un-American Activities Committee. [From the New York Times, Feb. 19, 1981] WASHINGTON.-Most Americans probably

have little or no recollection of the dark decades of the House Un-American Activities Committee. For them, it must be difficult to understand the dread many of us feel when we learned of the re-establishment in the Senate Judiciary Committee of an internal security subcommittee and of possible action in the House of Representatives to reconstitute HUAC.

From 1938 to 1975, HAUC, later called the House Committee on Internal Security, traveled like a carnival throughout the country.

House rule No. 11 defined HUAC's duties as the investigation of "un-American activities" and of "the extent, character and objects of un-American propaganda activities." What the committee actually did was break up families, tum friends into enemies, and destroy reputations and lives, while demon-

-strating that the United States Government could take on characteristics that are usually associated with our totalitarian adversaries.

When I was elected to Congress, in November 1962, votes against appropriations for HUAC would trigger reams of protesting letters from constituents as well as attacks on one's patriotism. That in January 1975, the House voted to eliminate HUAC and assign Its jurisdiction to the Judiciary Committee was a tribute to years of devoted op-

February 23, 1981 position of constitutional experts-members of Congress such as the late William Fitz Ryan, the Rev. Robert F. Drinan, Robert W. Kastenmeier, Benjamin S. Rosenthal, Bella S. Abzug, and Phillip Burton.

Today, a Republican majority controls the senate and a bipartisan conservative coalition is feeling its muscle in the house. Keeping an eye on "subversives" appears to be a major item on the agenda of the new Senate majority, at least in the Judiciary Committee.

Citizens who see nothing wrong with keeping "suspicious" people under the surveillance of a committee of elected legislators do not understand the implications of establishing Congressional internal-security committees.

The Constitution wisely provides a system of checks and balances for the distribution of power among the three branches of Government. The legitimate functions of the Congress are to enact laws and to oversee their execution by the executive department. If a person or an organization is suspected of violating laws, it is the responsibility of the executive branch to investigate the alleged violation and of the judiciary to conduct the trial.

But what HUAC did-and would do again if reconstituted-was usurp the investigative powers of the executive department and the adjudicatory authority of the judiciary.

As a committee in Congress, HUAC would have might and power without equal. When it leveled its guns at a "suspicious" or "oddball" or "possibly subversive" citizen, the damage could well be irreparable.

It is because of guarantees of procedure <the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, the right to a lawyer, the right to public trial by jury, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, the compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in one's favor), not because of the goodness of our leaders, that people's rights aresafeguarded. .

Few of these safeguards apply in a Congressional hearing where the entire procedure, which might be televised, would amount to a trial in which the nation sat as a jury. In the glare of Klieg lights, legislative functions are forgotten: the Committee sits as a kangaroo court and tries the victims for their loyalty, their political beliefs, or their different life styles.

The irony of this rush to turn back the clock is that the issue itself is such a fraud. Terrorism is decreasing, not increasing, in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has requested steadily decreasing funding for its antiterrorism program, attributing this "to the continuing downward trend in domestic terrorist activity which [requires] a decreased level of investigative effort."

The few organizations engaged in sporadic terrorism are under investigation by the F.B.I., and espionage and sabotage are being dealt with properly in accordance with Federal laws and the Constitution.

Sadly-alarmingly-momentum appears to be on the side of those who savor the bad old days. The Senate Judiciary Committee has already created a new Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism. In the House, a vote to resurrect HU AC could occur in March or April. ·

In the spring of 1976, Congress sent several rooms full of House Un-American Activities Committee/House Committee on Internal Security files to the National Archives, to be sealed for at least 50 years. In the spring of 1981, will we move those miles of

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS records-rumor, gossip, innuendo, yellowing clippings--back to Capitol Hill? •

REV. ORA B. WASHINGTON

HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. OF MICHIGAN



e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the citizens and city of Detroit this Sunday, February 22, will honor and show their appreciation to Rev. Ora B. Washington for her outstanding work in the community.

Ora and William Washington moved with their family from Mississippi to Detroit over 25 years ago, overcoming formidable obstacles. As a citizen and active member of the Vernon Chapel A.M.E. Church, Ora Washington has reached out to help others, working with the elderly, the sick, and the needy. She now serves as assistant pastor of the Free Worship House of God. Her effective and unselfish service has both benefited and been a great source of pride to the city of Detroit.

Ora B. Washington's example of service and commitment should be a model for all of us. I commend her for her efforts and achievements.

DOES THE UNITED STATES WANT WAR IN EL SALVADOR?

HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF CALIFORNIA



e Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speaker, the question of the U.S. role in El Salvador must include the question of how far is our Government prepared to go in propping up the current regime? Are we, to put it bluntly, prepared to go to war in El Salvador?

This question will undoubtedly be considered provocative by many, who would similarly reject any analogies of El Salvador to the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. I find the analogies disturbing-and valid.

Mr. Speaker, those of us who recall the Vietnam war debates will also recall that one of the most prescient and most accurate chroniclers of the time was journalist I. F. Stone. Since his semiretirement a few years ago, I. F. Stone has written less frequently on current foreign policy matters, although he has continued to follow them closely. His views on current U.S. policy in El Salvador were recently published in the Los Angeles Times. Coincidentally, the Los Angeles Times has published their own editorial, making much the same point. I highly commend the following articles to my colleagues, ·who will be called upon to

2749 support, modify or oppose U.S. policy in El Salvador.

The articles follow: [Los Angeles Times, Feb. 18, 1981]

AMERICA'S WAR-PRONE MooD WOUNDED PRIDE CRIES OUT, BUT COOL

REFLECTION IS IN ORDER

<By I. F. Stone) WASHINGTON.-There is a smell of blood in

the air. Nobody wants war. But there seems to be a craving in the national psyche to bash someone around. If we could be stretched out on a psychoanalyst's couch, the doctor would warn us to watch out. We are in a war-prone mood.

The roots of the trouble go far back. Until the Korean War, we had always won. That was a stalemate. Vietnam was a defeat. The Iranian hostage affair seemed to advertise American impotence: We are wounded in our machismo.

War and the feeling of virility are closely related. The words for manliness and bravery are linked in most languages. "Virtue" itself goes back to manliness in battle. Its ethical connotations came much later. There are familiar colloquial obscenities for what a man seeks to prove in a fight.

El Salvador seems to be the No. 1 choice for an easy place to prove that "we've got what it takes." On Tuesday, Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. urged increased military aid to the junta in El Salvador. And Charles H. Percy <R-Ill.), chairman of the State Foreign Relations Committee, said that "this nation will do whatever is necessary to prevent a Communist takeover." But the clash may occur unexpectedly at half a dozen other places, like an accident when one begins to drive a little giddily. It's an unstable world, and we're in a mood where any upheaval may seem to cast doubt on our national ego or, better still, id: This new Administration seems to have a lot of id.

A few cooling reflections, before meals and at bedtime, may be helpful. One is to keep in mind something that President Reagan left out of his speech the other day on all the terrible things that have happened to us since the 1960s.

What he left out was what one of those "little wars" did to the federal budget and the public debt in that period. It was Vietnam that sparked the Great Inflation. The cost of the Vietnam War was the major factor that almost doubled the national debt from $284 billion in 1960 to $533 billion in 1975, when it finally ended. The value of the dollar was cut in half before we finally got that little war off our back.

That war too started as a test of machoJohn F. Kennedy's. And it began with just a few advisers and a little military aid to put down "terrorism" against a government · that, while of course a dictatorship and a little gory around the edges, was, after all "on our side," though similarly stubborn in refusing to heed our advice to clean up its act.

We're sending a high-level team to Western Europe this week to line up support for the coming crusade to make El Salvador safe again for its "super rich," the notorious Fourteen Families, which still hope to turn the clock back.

That mission and our growing intervention, which began in President Carter's last days and is now No. 1 on Reagan's foreignpolicy agenda, are not going to increase the confidence of our European allies in our good sense and in our leadership.

2750 Few Americans realize that the chief sup

port of the El Salvadoran revolution-like that of Nicaragua-has come from the social democrats and the Christian Democrats in Western Europe. They see the fall of the Fourteen Families, like that of Nicaragua's former dictator, Gen. Anastasio Somoza, as long overdue.

That is how Mexico and Panama and most of Latin America see it, too. The whole operation will be seen as a reversion to classic Yankee imperialism, and just plain stupid, expecially when we're trying to muster worldwide pressure against a similar Humpty-Dumpty operation by the Russians in Afghanistan.

The sill1est part of the whole spectacle will be our new propaganda line for the new crusade. It's against "terrorism." But how do you line up support for a regime that is itself the most terroristic in Latin America? A regime whose terror squads are allowed to shoot down an archbishop at Mass, to rape and murder American nuns, and to assassinate Americans who had the temerity to work on plans for land reform?

Will Reagan's ideologists ask Western Europe to distinguish between "good" terrorism and "bad"? To approve even the rape and murder of American nuns when, in the subtle casuistry of our new U.N. representative, Jeanne Kirkpatrick, they tum "activist"?

[Los Angeles Times, Feb. 20, 19811 SALES PITCH FOR A QUAGMIRE?

The Reagan Administration is waging a strong public-relations campaign to build up domestic and international support for a new U.S. policy toward war-tom El Salvador.

The Administration has decided to make that Central American nation a test case for its new get-tough policy with the Soviet Union. The State Department has sent diplomatic missions to Europe and Latin America with detailed evidence to break up U.S. allegations that Soviet-bloc countries like Cuba and Vietnam are shipping arms to leftist guerrillas in El Salvador. Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. earlier this week briefed members of Congress on the same information.

Haig and others argue that this outside aid to the guerrillas justifies an increase in U.S. military assistance to the military-civilian junta ruling El Salvador. The United States provided $10 million worth of aid last year, along with about 20 military advisers. The type of assistance now being sought by the Salvadoran military-patrol boats, helicopters and radar equipment-would require about 100 U.S. military advisers for training and maintenance.

A diplomatic sales pitch like this has not been tried by the United States since John F. Kennedy won allied support for U.S. actions before the 1962 CUban missile crisis. The Reagan Administration is making its case with such fervor because our allies abroad, and many decision-makers in this country, fear that El Salvador could become another Vietnam-like quagmire.

While Republican senators like Charles H. Percy of Illinois and Howard H: Baker Jr. of Tennessee were impressed by Haig's briefing, many Democrats remain unconvinced. More than 46 members of the House are cosponsoring a resolution to cut off all military aid to the Salvadoran junta, arguing that the situation in El Salvador is more complex than Haig's "Cold War rhetoric" makes it appear.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Reaction among allies to the State De

partment briefings has been noncommittal at best. The French and the West Germans were particularly cool, and the Latin American reaction could be even colder, considering the strong feelings there toward U.S. military involvement anywhere in the region. Top Mexican officials are already warning that, evidence or no evidence, they are unlikely to support the United States in El Salvador because of a fundamental disagreement with this country as to what precisely is happening there. While the United States sees the junta as a centrist government besieged by left- and right-wing terrorists, Mexico sees the junta as a regime without popular support, besieged by its own people.

The Reagan Administration seeins determined to increase military aid to El Salvador regardless of the reaction that its selling job gets. But it will face a tough, delicate and dangerous balancing act in that country.

Supporting the junta militarily would strengthen the military elements of the Salvadoran government, but could also weaken the civilians who are pressing for social reforms. It Inight also encourage the rightwing forces, whose death squads, although responsible for a large part of the bloodshed in El Salvador, have not faced the same government repression that the leftist guerrillas have met.

A similar balancing act-to prop up a government waging a protracted guerrilla war while trying to also win the "hearts and minds" of a civilian population-failed in Vietnam. One hopes the United States is not destined to repeat that sad experience in El Salvador.e

A $147 MILLION SAVED IS $147 MILLION EARNED

HON. PAUL FINDLEY OF ILLINOIS


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, in a letter to you as Speaker of the House, Secretary of Agriculture John R. Block last week urged passage of legislation to delete the requirement that the support price of milk be adjusted semiannually. The administration recommends prompt action on the proposed bill so that it may be enacted before April 1 when the support price of milk ffi scheduled for yet another increase under the present, rigid milk price support program.

I am introducing today the legislation which Secretary Block seeks because I believe action needs to be taken even though time ffi short. Avoiding the April 1 increase actually will help the position of diary farmers and it will save the U.S. Treasury $147 million. That ffi only a very small part of the larger cost picture. Figures I have just obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture predict that the dairy support program thffi year will cost in excess of $1.8 billion.

That ffi the cost to the Government of buying 11.3 billion pounds-milk equivalent-of butter, cheese, and

February 23, 1981 nonfat dry milk to support the farm price of milk.

Add thffi year's cost to the $1.28 billion price tag of the program last year and you have a total Government cost of over $3 billion to support milk prices over a 2-year period.

As my colleagues know, I endeavored a year ago to amend the present rigid dairy program of 80 percent of parity support with semiannual adjustments because I believed then, and still do, that the program should have some flexibility to take account of changing supply and demand factors.

My efforts to maintain a degree of flexibility in the dairy price support program were just as much on behalf of dairy farmers as for taxpayers. My position is something like that of the farmer who sprays hffi apple orchard with insecticide to ward off worms. It ffi not that he ffi against worms, he ffi for apples. The apples in thffi case ffi my belief that any farm price support program ought to serve as an economic storm cellar for farmers without being too costly for the public benefits derived. What I was attempting to do was to get rid of the "worms" of inflexibility in order to preserve the "apples" of a responsive dairy program.

My amendment to the dairy price support bill in November 1979 was overwhelmingly defeated and the Congress and President Carter mandated the present 80 percent of parity price floor with semiannual adjustmentsregardless of the increased level of milk production it would stimulate. When it became apparent that the Treasury costs of the dairy program would become considerably more burdersome than even I had anticipated, I introduced a bill in July 1980 to give the Secretary of Agriculture the authority to maintain the support level at 80 percent of parity or to adjust or forgo any scheduled semiannual increase in supports, conditional on a double-trigger-level formula based on Government acquffiitions of dairy products. The bill was the same as the earlier amendment I had offered. Like that amendment, the bill offering a flexibile approach found its way into legislative oblivion.

Those legislative efforts were made to call congressional attention to the danger-to dairy farmers as well as consumers-of maintaining an openended program of increasing levels of price supports without regard to the consumer demand for dairy products.

We are now seeing the unfortunate effects of that mandated, inflexible support program enacted in November 1979-a program cost of $1.28 billion to acquire a mountainous 8.2 billion pounds of dairy products-milk equivalent basffi-in the 1979-80 fffical year and a projected added cost thffi year 'of more than $1.8 billion to buy an even

February 23, 1981 larger mountain of 11.3 billion pounds of dairy products. Small wonder that record milk production has far outpaced consumer demand.

Maintaining the current milk support level without adjustment on April 1 would save the Government an estimated $147 million in this fiscal yearcertainly a paltry sum when compared to the $1.8 billion cost if the program is left unchanged. But, to paraphrase Poor Richard's observation, I must point out to my colleagues that $147 million saved is $147 million earned.e

TAX DEDUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNITED NATIONS

HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING OF OHIO


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, I am again reintroducing legislation that would authorize tax-deductible contributions to the United Nations and other specialized agencies of which the United States is a member.

Recent news accounts suggest that the current administration may seek to cut our already small foreign aid program. The desire in Congress to balance the budget and reduce Federal spending puts a premium on encouraging the spirit of voluntarism which is prevalent in this country. Frankly, if we are going to cut back Federal subsidies, we are going to have to encourage people to support vital organizations like the United Nations on a voluntary basis.

The United Nations has recurring problems in its effort to stay financially solvent-problems which could be substantially alleviated if American foundations and individual taxpayers were permitted to take a tax deduction for making contributions to the United Nations and its agencies. At the present time, deductions for such contributions are not permitted under the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

Congress is likely to find itself under increasing pressure to reduce our annual commitment to foreign economic assistance of all kinds, including our annual contribution to the United Nations. It seems to me that one way to retain the good will of the developing nations of the world, and to impress upon them the sincerity of our commitment toward the peaceful resolution of global problems is to permit foundations and private citizens to make tax-deductible contributions to the United Nations.

Since this bill provides for a tax deduction, not a tax credit, for contributions made to the United Nations, the total amount contributed by private taxpayers will be much more than the

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS revenue loss to the Treasury. For example, a $100 contribution from a taxpayer in the 35 percent marginal ta~ bracket would result in only a $35 loss to the Treasury. Contributions by taxexempt charitable foundations would result in no loss to the Treasury. If U.S. Government contributions to the United Nations were to be reduced as a result of private contributions, the Treasury could actually show a net gain from the effect of my legislation.

The text of the bill, and a list of agencies \Vhich would be eligible for tax-deductible contributions follows these remarks:

I. U.N. AGENCIES

U.N. Headquarters. U.N. Office at Geneva. Economic Commission for Europe <ECE). Economic and Social Commission for Asia

and the Pacific <ESCAP). Economic Commission for Latin America

<ECLA). United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development <UNCT AD). United Nations Environment Programme

(UNEP). World Food Council <WFC). United Nations Children's Fund

<UNICEF). United Nations Development Program

<UNDP). Office of the United Nations High Com

missioner for Refugees <UNHCR). United Nations Institute for Training and

Research <UNITAR). United Nations Relief and Works Agency

for Palestine Refugees in the Near East <UNRWA).

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development <UNRISD).

II. SPECIALIZED AGENCIES

United Nations Development Organization <UNIDO)

International Labour Organization <ILO). Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations <FAO). United Nations Educational, Scientific

and Cultural Organization <UNESCO). World Health Organization <WHO). International Bank for Reconstruction

and Development <IBRD). International Finance Corporation <IFC). International Development Association

<IDA). International Monetary Fund <IMF). International Civil Aviation Organization

<ICAO). Universal Postal Union <UPU). International Telecommunication Union

(!TU). World Meteorological Organization

<WMO). Inter-Governmental Maritime Consulta

tive Organization <IMCO). World Intellectual Property Organization

(W!PQ). International Atomic Energy Agency

(!AEA). (This was established "under the aegis of the United Nations"; it reports an

. nually to the General Assembly.) H.R.1998

A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction for any contribution, bequest, or gift to the United Nations Be it enacted by the Senate and House of

Representatives of the United States of America in · Congress assembled, That (a) subsection (c) of section 170 of the Internal

2751 Revenue Code of 1954 <defining charitable contribution) is amended by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new paragraph:

"(6) The United Nations or an instrumentality or agency thereof of which the United States is a member, but only if the contribution or gift is to be used exclusively for the purposes for which such organization is established."

(b) Section 170(b)(l)(A) of such Code <relating to percentage limitations for individuals) is amended by striking out "or" at the end of clause (vii), by inserting "or" at the end of clause (viii), and by inserting after clause (viii) the following new clause:

"(ix) an organization referred to in subsection (c)(6),".

"SEc. 2. (a) Section 2055(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 <relating to transfers for public, charitable, and religious uses) is amended by striking out "or" at the end of paragraph (3), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting in lieu thereof "; or", and by inserting after paragraph < 4) the following new paragraph:

"(5) to or for the use of the United Nations or an instrumentality or agency thereof of which the United States is a member, but only if the contribution or gift is to be used exclusively for the purposes for which such organization is established."

(b) Section 2006(a)(2)(A) of such code <relating to transfers for public, charitable, and religious uses) is amended by striking out "or" at the end of the clause (ii), by striking out the period at the end of clause (iii) and inserting in lieu thereof"; or", and by inserting after clause (iii) the following new clause:

"(iv) to or for the use of the United Nations or an instrumentality or agency thereof of which the United States is a member, but only if the contribution or gift is to be used exclusively for the purposes for which such organization is established."

SEc. 3. (a) Subsection (a) of section 2522 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 <relating to charitable and similar gifts) is amended by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting in lieu thereof "; or", and by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph:

"(5) the United Nations or an instrumentality or agency thereof of which the United States is a member, but only if the contribution or gift is to be used exclusively for the purposes for which such organization is established."

(b) Subsection (b) of such section 2522 is amended by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (5) and inserting in lieu thereof "; or", and by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new paragraph:

"(6) The United Nations or an instrumentality or agency thereof of which the United States is a member, but only if the contribution or gift is to be used exclusively for the purposes for which such organization is established.

SEC. 4. The amendments made by the first section of this Act shall apply with respect to any gift or contribution payment of which is made after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date. The amendments made by section 2 of this Act shall apply with respect to the estates of decedents dying after such date. The amendments made by section 2 of this Act shall apply with respect to gifts and transfers made after such date.e

2752 LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE

HON. BALTASAR CORRADA OF PUERTO RICO


e Mr. CORRADA. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join my colleagues today in commemorating the 63d anniversary of the Lithuanian independence.

It is sad that because Lithuania as a nation has been swallowed up by Soviet expansionism and is not independent at this time that we can only commemorate rather than celebrate this day.

Nor should we forget the rest of the captive nations, some of which have basically disappeared through Soviet annexation, and others which, although still maintaining a semblance of independence, are so completely dominated in their political and economic life as to preclude any independent action by their governments.

At this time Mr. Speaker, one of those nations, Poland, is undergoing severe internal difficulties due to an effort by its people to assert themselves as a people. Congress, the administration, and the American people as a whole should send a message to the Soviet leaders that we will not tolerate Soviet repression and intervention in the internal affairs of Poland. That we will not tolerate another Hungary or another Czechoslovakia. And that any act of military intervention against their right of self-determination, will result in serious international sanctions.e

HERBERT CREECH, ~ OF FIRST AMENDMENT ESSAY CONTEST

HON. TONY P. HALL OF OHIO


• Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, the first amendment to the Constitution guarantees us the most important freedom in any democracy: freedom of speech.

To recognize the importance of the first amendment, every year the Dayton Journal Herald conducts an essay contest on the subject. This year's winner is Dayton lawyer Herbert Creech, Jr.

In his unique style, Mr. Creech tells what the first amendment means to him, and how it has touched him personally. I commend him for his unusual approach to a subject on which much has been written.

The publication of the essay, first in the Journal Herald, and now in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, is testimony to the power of freedom of speech granted under the first amendment.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I herewith offer it to my colleagues

for their enlightenment. WHAT THE FIRsT AMENDMENT MEANS TO ME

(US)

<By Herbert Creech, Jr.> The First Amendment does not lurk timid

ly amid the leaves of some ferny silent forest as if it were an outcast, a "bigfoot monster," unwilling to face the light of day.

The First Amendment leaps from the pages of the Constitution with a roar of cannon and the crack of musketry. Yorktown, Trenton and Valley Forge were its boming places. Its coming sprayed the streets of Boston with wildfire; its impetus forever carved in the minds of men "by a rude bridge that arched a flood."

Its birth pangs were apocalyptic and violent. It was worth dying for and the principle preceded the deed. So born, in an atmosphere of raging thunder, no wonder it abhors the "sounds of silence" and stands instead at one with the free, the robust, the uninhibited and, yes, even the wild. .

And it belongs to us: a birthright. ou.r fathers having suffered and died for it, we need to make no other plea. It is ours. Inviolable. "Unalienable." Like a dearly beloved, it is important to us and is surfeit with meaning.

The First Amendment is important to our psychological well-being, essential to our mental health.

No matter how humble, we have our thoughts, our say. No matter how slow, we have opportunity and time. We are unalienably human with intrinsic worth because we speak equal.

He may be intelligent, but our right also has its silver; she may be superior, but our claim is of the same pure gold.

They have power, but we have our questions. Our self-respect, self-esteem, our fundamental worth is affirmed. We are deemed by the Constitution good enough to talk with "the best of them." If we do not like it, we can talk about it, talk about it, talk about it.

Politically, we need not choose in darkness, need not go to the polling places blind. Ignorant or brilliant, we hear them out; sane or crazy, they have their say; skilled or ridiculous, they debate. We debate. They listen. We listen. And it all comes out "in the wash."

We bathe in information, revel in facts. The fewer the secrets, the wiser the ballot. The more we hear, the better we think. The more ideas exposed, the wider selection for a grander civilization.

With no limits on our speech, there are no limits on our thoughts. With no limits on our thoughts, there are no limits on our potential. We can go all the way, the limit. We can fearlessly become more than we are. Our children can become more than we were.

The First Amendment gives us the right to unshackle thought, the freedom to harness ideas. We can talk about it, talk about it, talk about it.

We know how cruel the teacher experience. To need learn all thereby condemns me to a laborious agony, slow death with nothing to show .finally but a few dried kernels of obsoleScent quackery. But, I can read. I can see. I have a right to know, a claim on data.

I attend speakers and judge the worth of their thought for myself. If the thought has content, it becomes my own. I decide. The government abstains. In the cavern of my opinion. no regulation may enter. More per-

February 23, 1981 sonal than anything, my thoughts and words are mine. The only risk I run is to be thought a fool-small price for the full expansion of my fantastic possibilities.

Vicariously, I experience events in the news. I master a mountain on television; fight a shark at the movie. I study the machinations of the insane and murderous and, if I wish, curiously indulge the strange delights of pornography.

And for this I suffer not-because of the First Amendment. Indeed, the suffering, I am sure, would be more if I had to experience all these things "first hand."

The First Amendment expands my mind without pain or danger; increases my reach by the least exertion; doubles my pleasure while keeping me "on the right side of the law."

The First Amendment says in language which we are free to hear and, with God's grace, able to comprehend: "Come to the future."

Chains placed on minds by the backward and fearful are outlawed by the Constitution. The superstitious and the wicked are given no rein. Words and concepts may not be "burned at the stake" in America.

It is better to think than to carry dumbweight upon shoulders: better to experiment than to sulk grudgingly behind the proscriptions of petty tyrants; better to shout with fury than to be a timid jack rabbit of the mind ceaselessly fleeing the hounds of controversy, malice and mischief.

We need to talk about educators who are afraid of books. We need to talk about politicians who are afraid of ideas. We need to explore suspect places where the public may not gather.

Greatness of thought, clarity of speech and harmony of expression are not the wards of the First Amendment. These charlatans will fend for themselves; they have their own rewards.

Rather, the First Amendment says that if I need curse the king, I may. If I wish to damn the government, throw it down, complain about my boss, set up a committee, mock religion, envY the rich, despise the poor, slander the mighty, all in words common, I may exhale my grudges and talk about it, talk about it, spoiling myself with impunity.

No ticket is necessary, no permission required. The only bounds are the range of my capacity and my opinion of myself.

Surely, I realize that freedom of speech is the key that unlocks a wealth of untold thought and frees ideas of unspeakable brilliance in the minds of free persons everywhere, third planet voyagers to a great destiny.e

CAMBRIA COUNTY ALL SPORTS BANQUET



• Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, recently the eighth all-sports banquet and Cambria County War Memorial Sports Hall of Fame inductions were held, saluting a number of outstanding athletes from the Johnstown area.

Sports serves the dual purpose of developing the talents and characters of the individuals involved, and of devel-

February 23, 1981 oping community pride and success. All these athletes exemplified both of those goals, and I would like to mention briefly their names and accomplishments.

The individuals inducted into the Sports Hall of Fame were:

Mr. Pete Vuckovich: A 1970 graduate of Conemaugh Valley High School, he starred in local baseball and then was selected in the 197 4 draft by the Chicago White Sox. He now has a major league record of 53-43 and was St. Louis' leading pitcher last season.

Mr. AI Gionfriddo: A graduate of Cresson High School, his baseball career spanned a decade, and he will live forever in baseball memories for his catch off Joe DiMaggio in the 1947 World Series.

Mr. Gary Hrivnak: A football star at Greater Johnstown High, he was an all star at Purdue and played as a defensive tackle with the Chicago Bears.

Mr. Jeff Richardson: A member of the historic New York Jets team that won Super Bowl III, he started his football career at Greater Johnstown High School and also starred at Michigan State.

Mr. Norm Van Lier: He came to our area as an outstanding guard for the St. Francis College Red Flash and went on to a distinguished pro career. He still ranks as the fourth alltime scoring leader at St. Francis~

Two men were inducted posthumously. They were John Hubbard, an outstanding race car driver who died in 1976 while qualifying for a race, and George S. "Jock" Phenicie, a boxer early in this century who lost only twice in some 80 bouts.

The banquet also gave contemporary awards to a number of outstanding young athletes. Those individuals are:

Lisa Britt: She gained all-American status as a guard for the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown women's basketball team, and has excelled in professional basketball.

Todd Thiele: Most recently, he won the Pennsylvania Junior Amateur Golf Tournament to cap a long list of golfing victories.

Artrell Hawkins: A running back at the University of Pittsburgh who started in the recent Gator Bowl game and helped lead the Panthers to a convincing victory over South Carolina.

Mike Chobany: Another running back at Pitt, he was part of the team's outstanding depth which was a key factor in their No. 2 national ranking.

Sam Medile: Played for 4 years as a defensive back with the University of Maryland during which time the Terps compiled a 35-11 winning record.

Mike Sewak: A 2-year starter on the Virginia Cavaliers offensive line was a key in rebuilding the Virginia football program.

Ted Helsel: Playing for St. Francis College, he set records and earned nu-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS merous honors as a running back for the Red Flash.

It should also be noted that two very special families were honored at the banquet. The Norman Hostetler family of Jerome has produced football-playing brothers, Ron, Doug, and Jeff, who have excelled on the college gridiron. Another son, Todd, starred in college baseball. Meanwhile, their daughters, Gloria, Cheryl, and Lori have starred in a wide range of sports activities. Meanwhile, the Samuel M. Bradley family of Johnstown has seven athletic children. Three sons, Jim, Tom, and Matt, have played excellent college football, while three daughters, Kitty, Patty, and Cassie, have been outstanding basketball players, and a fourth daughter, Betsy, participates regularly in the Special Olympics.

May I extend my congratulations to all these outstanding athletes and honor them on the awards they received at this banquet.e

DO WE HAVE THE RIGHT INFORMATION TO MAP OUR ECONOMIC RECOVERY?

HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF CALIFORNIA


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speaker, everyone shares in the desire for economic recovery and hopes the Reagan administration has a good program for accomplishing that recovery. Like most important issues, the program the new administration has put forward is complicated and the choice of policy options is based on a set of assumptions that are considered fact, but may be considerably less than that. The question we must ask before we accept the entire package is how do we know it is actually working, and how will we measure progress?

This may seem obvious to most people, but the truth is that we have a very poor understanding of the state of the economy today and how one major factor interacts with another. The fact that the economic theories of the last several years did not prove to be very useful does not mean that the new theories will be any more useful.

Mr. Speaker, for at least three administrations I have been advocating the improvement of our economic accounting system and a revamping of our system of economic indicators, Recently there has been discussion of the imprecision of the Consumer Product Index < CPI> in estimating inflation. At other times, there has been discussion of the limited utility of productivity figures of even unemployment figures. The debate over the use of the gross national product <GNP> as a sign of progress has raged for years with occa-

2753 sional efforts made to develop a quality of life index.

The new administration not only seems dedicated to acting on unproven theories and imprecise data, but they also seem determined to introduce economic cost-benefit analysis to governmental decisions that were not intended to be decided by a price tag, such as those which save lives. There should be no confusion between cost-effective analysis, where the most economically efficient means to accomplishing a goal is · considered, and cost-benefit analysis, where the goal itself has a pricetag placed on it. If this new use, or abuse, of economics does not take place, there will be an even greater need for better economic data and some means to put a pricetag on good health, clean air, safe neighborhoods, peace of mind and human life, to name only a few of the items which must be considered.

Mr. Speaker, I raise these issues not to be difficult, but to suggest that now is the time to set up the economic research and information gathering program which will enable us to discuss these subjects with greater certainty. I know that most economists share this view, although as advocates of various programs most economists are reluctant to discuss how little they actually know. One economist who has been quite outspoken on this need is Nobel Laureate Wassily Leontief, who recently expressed his concern in an edi-

. torial. The two points Dr. Leontief makes are the need for better information and the need for a strategic plan on how to accomplish our goals. I commend this editorial to my colleagues: [From the New York Times, Feb. 22, 19811

IF MR. REAGAN'S POLICIES FLoP, THEN WHAT?

President Reagan has four years to demonstrate that tax cuts, accompanied by a spectacular increase in the military budget, but balanced by sharp reductions in social and other nonmilitary spending, can put the badly listing economy on an even keel. He must prove that the engine of private enterprise, freed from the shackles of environmental laws and other restrictive regulations, will propel it full speed ahead.

Let's hope he succeeds-that the inflation rate falls to 5 percent and the unemployment rate to 4 percent, while the average family's real income will resume what was considered its normal rate of growth: at least 3 percent.

But what if the new policies do not work? What if inflation continues unabated, if unemployment is not substantially cut, and the economy does not resume its prior growth rate? Mter new elections, the present team of supply-side economists likely will be sent back to their corporate offices, and the old team of Keynesian demand-side experts will be called in with their familiar tool kit of fine-tuning devices to regulate fiscal and monetary policies, and precision gauges to measure full-employment gaps. They might even start by imposing a general price-and-wage freeze that would bring us back to where we were in the fall of 1971.

2754 If the supply-siders fail, not only the poli

ticians but even the general public might finally realize that something is fundamentally wrong with the entire process by which the United States designs, implements, and monitors its national economic policies.

Fundamentally, there can be two approaches to formulation and implementation of national economic policies: A trialand-error, hit-or-miss approach, or a strategic-corporate management calls it "planning" -approach.

The first consists in putting together a conventional package of policy measures, usually chosen on the basis of theoretical or doctrinal considerations; then introducing another package if the first fails; and if that fails as well, in;mgurating a third. Sometimes, however, there is a tendency to stick by the original policy, even if it is obviously not working and threatens to bring the country to economic collapse.

Strategic planning, less simplistic, is more ambitious and thus more complex. To put it into practice, it is not enough to have a theoretical understanding of the principles on which the economic system works and to be possessed by a strong determination to attain certain national goals.

Trail-and-error is bound to fail because policies directed at one particular area-taxation, spending, industry, labor, the environment, foreign trade-will affect not only the areas to which they are addressed, but they are bound to have mostly unintentional and often negative repercussions in all the other fields. A modem economy is a complex body, all parts and functions of which are interdependent.

Strategic planning, on the other hand, is aimed at producing an internally consistent description of different states in which the national economy would find itself after the application of alternatives combinations of economic-policy measures.

Effective implementation of such an approach is hindered by a lack of necessary factual information. The continuous unwillingness of academic economists to give up their traditional reliance on abstract mathematical formulas-linked to reality only by a very fragile bridge of indirect statistical inference-is to a large extent responsible for this. Engaged in constructing elegant theories, they fail to press for creation of a reliable systematically organized data base, which is indispensable for any empirical science.

Creation and maintenance of a comprehensive data base that would permit a marked reduction of the amount of guessing now involved in policy making is a major task that could be easily carried out by the coordinated efforts of all elements of our statistical establishment. The example of Japan demonstrates that this is not impossible.

Japan is as much ahead of America in compiling the so-called input-output tables describing in detail the structure of national economies as it is in manufacturing efficient cars. The construction of the most recent American input-output table was assigned to a small team in one of the Commerce Department's bureaus. But in Japan, it was carried out by the combined efforts of 13 different ministries under the general supervision of a special Cabinet committee. The amount of detailed information in the Japanese tables is about four times as great as in ours; its compilation took only about half as much time.

Having entered what is proudly called The Information Age, neither the Government

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS nor the private sector can afford to make crucial decisions while groping in the dark. It will take our automobile industry four years to tool up to produce an up-to-date car. It will take America at least as much time and effort to close the economic-information gap. Let us not postpone that task any longer.e

ELLA GRASSO

HON. BALTASAR CORRADA OF PUERTO RICO


Tuesday, February 17, 1981 e Mr. CORRADA. Mr. Speaker, I would like to join my colleagues today in paying tribute to Ella Tambussi Grasso.

Governor Grasso's life was marked by both a distinguised public career as a State legislator, a Member of Congress, and finally Governor of the great State of Connecticut, and also by her dedicated service to the people of that State.

I never had the pleasure of serving with Mrs. Grasso in the House of Representatives, but I am aware of her record here and particularly as Governor, where she showed great compassion and understanding of the very real problems encountered by the large Hispanic population of Connecticut, many of whom are Puerto Ricans.

Many times I have met with Puerto Ricans residing in that great State and without exception they always spoke very warmly of Governor Grasso and of lu::r involvement with the Hispanic community.

Mr. Speaker, I would also like to take this opportunity to extend my condolences, and those of the people of Puerto Rico, to Mr. Grasso and the rest of the family.e

DR. WLADISLAW KOLAKOWSKI: FIRST AMERICAN KNIGHTS OF MALTA GRAND CHANCELLOR

HON. JOHN LeBOUTILLIER OF NEW YORK


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. LEBOUTILLIER. Mr. Speaker, today I would like to bring to the attention of this body the achievements and unique person of one Dr. Wladislaw Kolakowski. Dr. Kolakowski is a longtime resident of the Long Island community of Great Neck. On May 8, 1973, Dr. Kolakowski was given deserved tribute in this body when he received the Grand Cross of the Eloy Alfaro International Foundation of the Republic of Panama. He was awarded this because of his publication that year of the world renowned "Copernicus Portfolio," which celebrated the 500th anniversary of that great scientist's birth.

February 23, 1981 Now is a special time for Dr. Kola

kowski. In January of 1980 he became the first American Knight of Malta to hold the position of International Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Malta Hospitallers-the third highest office in this ancient and respected order.

I would like to bring to the attention of this body, Mr. Speaker, an article that appeared in the January 10, 1980, issue of the Long Island Catholic. But before I submit this article, Mr. Speaker, I would like to offer a brief explanation of the Knights of Malta that will give the greater, historical overview of the organization that Dr. Kolakowski is such an important member of.

The brief explanation and the article follow:

A BRIEF ExPLANATION OF THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA

THE COMMON MAN FOR UNCOMMON ACHIEVEMENTS

This organization is a unique international organization. While it is primarily a charitable public foundation, it is also a sovereign international entity. The history dates back to 1048 and the time of the crusades. As time has passed the military aspects of the order have been reduced to ceremonial in nature and emphasis has been placed upon the hospitaller functions. Distinguished men and women of all races and creeds are eligible for the honor of investiture as Knights or Dames of the Order.

The Knights of Malta is a hospitaller, dynastic, lay order of universal brotherhood and knighthood. As regards the sovereignty, the Order is a juridical person, subject to inalienable and inviolable international rights, engaging in legislation, administration and jurisprudence. The Order is organized in territories of the states where it is constituted publicly in prior federal corporate consulates. This form merely facilitates doing business within those states and does not constitute forfeiture of the sovereignty of the Order. as established by the Supreme Court of the United States of America in 1794 and 1821 and by the approvals of Popes Gregory XII in 1581, Pius VII in 1818, Leo XIII in 1879, 1893, 1896, and John Paul II in 1978 and 1979.

The Knights of Malta has as issue and supreme purposes the hospitaller assistance, asylum and charity, relief of the suffering of humanity and continuing the traditions which have stood for centuries: science, faith, moral justice, social order and peace.

A large number of countries recognize the Knights of Malta Hospitallers Order, and between these and the Order, exist full diplomatic relations.

GRAND CHANCELLOR OF KNIGHTS OF MALTA

GREAT NECK.-Dr. Wladislaw Koscisza-Kolakowski, who lives here with his wife, is the first American ever to hold the position of International Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Malta Hospitallers-the third highest office in the ancient order.

Dr. Kolakowski <whose doctorate is in business administration> has been a member of the Knights of Malta since 1948.

The history of the Knights of Malta dates back to 1048 and the time of the crusades. It was originally founded as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem to care for the needs of

February 23, 1981 pilgrims to the Holy Land who fell ill in foreign lands. Later, more military aspects developed.

Dr. Kolakowski proudly notes that he is associated with "the oldest section-the hospitallers" and has nothing to do with the military tradition.

He explained that the order is currently involved with charitable works in many countries, particularly those which have to do with health care and education.

Selection of members, which he described as "difficult but possible," is based on the individual candidate's history of philanthroPY or contributions to humanity.

"When candidates come to us and want to belong to us, we look at what they represent," he said. Substantial donations are generally also required.

Traditionally candidates were also required to submit evidence of nobility in their family trees, at least to attain certain ranks within the order. Dr. Kolakowski said such distinctions still remain within the military tradition of the order, but not among the hospitallers.

"With us, it is helpful <to be of noble heritage)," he said. "Why not?" His own family coat of arms is proudly displayed. "But we have some very nice people" who do not boast noble lineage, he said, and there is no discrimination against them.

Nor, he said, does the order discriminate because of sex <there are Dames as well as Knights of Malta, whose candidacies are considered on their own merits), race, or creed, despite historically close ties with the Catholic Church.

"We are very cooperative with any one who does good.'' Dr. Kolakowski said.

The Knights of Malta have special status as a sovereign international entity, recognized as such by many countries. Dr. Kolakowski has a diplomatic passport; the order is organized into consulates in the various territories where it is established. There are currently between 8,000 and 9,000 members, with offices in 14 countries.

Dr. Kolakowski, who has been grand chancellor for just over one year, holds his appointment for life.

Membership in the Knights of Malta has been traditional in his family for generations, he said, brushing aside the assumption that the appointment was the result of his own years of service to the order.

He said he's just beginning to find his way around the job, and in the process of moving the grand chancellory to the U.S. from Rome. Coincidentally the grand master has also moved to California, so the base for the international order will be in the U.S.

Knights P.nd Dames of Malta are recognizable at official Church functions by their choir dress, which consists of a black cape emblazoned with the eight-pointed cross of Malta. White capes are worn at other functions; ceremonial swords are also used.e

H.R. 1817

HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN OF ILLINOIS


Monday, February· 23, 1981 e Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, the steel industry of the United States is in a struggle for its very existence. It faces stiff competition from foreign firms which enjoy significant support

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS from their own governments. Its most crucial problem now is productivity. Due to layers upon layers of costly regulations and redtape, the American steel industry has been unable to fully modernize its plants. To help them modernize their plants and thus improve their productivity, Mr. BENJAMIN and I have introduced H.R. 1817, the Steel Industry Compliance Extension Act of 1981, which has the backing of both labor and management.

The Steel Tripartite Committee was formed several years ago a.S part of a program designed to assist in the revitalization of the steel industry. The Tripartite Committee studied various steel industry problems and made recommendations for potential areas of relief. One of those areas of concern had to do with environmental regulations. It is felt that additional time should be provided for the steel industry to comply with the Clean Air Act deadline. After meetings among representatives from industry, EPA, the United Steel Workers, and environmental groups, the conditions and limitations for a 3-year stretchout on steel industry air pollution control expenditures were agreed upon. Subsequently, H.R. 1817 would allow for full compliance no later than December 31, 1985.

The principle behind the 3-year stretchout amendment is to insure steel industry compliance with the Clean Air Act in a manner that would also provide for needed modernization of production facilities. This would result from financing such improvements with funds that otherwise would have to be spent on construction necessary to meet the December 31, 1982, Clean Air Act deadline.

Under present rules a company must initiate construction plans now because construction of facilities usually takes about 1 ~ to 2 years. Money must be committed soon in order to meet the 1982 compliance date. Thus, any money that could be utilized for modernization will be lost if this amendment is not adopted.

Because of the limited time available to the steel industry to meet the present Clean Air Act deadlines, it is essential that immediate action be taken on this bill. Timing is of the utmost importance.

H.R. 1817 addresses the concerns of the steelworker, EPA, and environmentalists. Among these are the following:

First, the company will be granted relief only at the discretion of the EPA Administrator.

Second, there must be an enforceable consent decree in all cases in which relief is granted covering control facilities as well as production facilities scheduled for modernization.

Third, safeguards to insure no air quality degradation problems will result from the stretchout, will be

2755 signed by agreeing parties-EPA and the steel plant owners.

Fourth, assurances that the company has the capability to meet the conditions of the agreement, thereby avoiding the potential of any delays beyond 1985, will also be made.

This bill is an important step in the revitalization of an industry that is the economic backbone of our Nation. The benefit of this proposal has been recognized by all parties and specifically enforced by the previous administration. During the Presidential campaign, President Reagan announced a four-point plan to revitalize the steel industry which specifically included stretching out the time period for further air pollution cleanup.

I urge my colleagues to join us in helping this battered industry get back on its feet. Improved modernization, productivit!7 , employment, and energy savings will be the result.e

ACLU LIES ABOUT THE MORAL MAJORITY



Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, with a "Big Lie" technique that might have brought a blush of embarrassment to even the muckslingers of Hitler's Third Reich, the American Civil Liberties Union has launched smear attacks on the Moral Majority organization in hopes of raising money.

The Moral Majority opposes exposing our children to corrupting pornography, supports allowing voluntary prayer in public schools, and opposes laws and policies that attack the integrity of the family. That is sufficient for the ACLU to throw about scare words like "nightmare," "dangerously deceptive," "alarming," and to assert that the Moral Majority's "kind of 'patriotism' violates every principle of liberty that underlies the American system of government."

The truth is that the framers of the Constitution would feel very much at home with the members of the Moral Majority and aghast at the extremist, anarchistic excesses of the campaign launched by the ACLU attackers. The ACLU for some 60 years has fought to banish the mechanisms of representative government designed to protect the United States from its foreign and domestic enemies. And ACLU has been a consistent opponent of public expressions of traditional American moral, ethical, and religious values in the education of children.

Cal Thomas, the Moral Majority's vice president of communications, answered the ACLU smears in the December 15, 1980, issue of "The Moral Majority Report." His response to 19

2756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS charges and allegations by the ACLU MM 9. We have always opposed a theocraappear below, so that those of us in cy and seek no power for ourselves. We are this Congress can judge the relative just addressing principles and will continue

to do so. merits of the two positions on the ACLU 10. And they are dangerously de-issues. ceptive. They appear to represent American

The article follows: patriotism because they wrap themselves in ACLU 1. The Moral Majority-and other the American flag and use words like

groups like them-think that children "family" and "life" and "tradition". should pray in school. Not just their chil- MM 10. We are deceptive? And what is the dren. Your children. ACLU? They say the words we use,

MM 1. We have never said children should "family", "life" and "tradition", are decepbe forced to pray in school. We do believe tive. No pro-moral person thinks so. What children should not be prohibited from about the pro-abortionists <such as the praying corporately. We also believe chil- ACLU> who use deceptive words such as dren who do not wish to pray should be ex- "pro-choice", "product of conception" and cused from doing so, much as the Jehovah's "postpregnancy contraception" to obscure Witnesses are exempted from pledging alle- the killing of the unborn? giance to the flag. ACLU 11. In fact, their kind of "patriot-

ACLU 2. They want their religious doc- ism" violates every principle of liberty that trines enacted into law and imposed on ev- underlies the American system of governeryone. ment. It is intolerant. It stands against the

MM 2. That is not true. We believe in the First Amendment guarantees of freedom of separation of church and state, but we also expression and separation of church and believe that cuts both ways. The free exer- state. It threatens academic freedom. And it else of religion means God cannot be dis- denies to whole groups of people the equal criminated against because he happens to protection of the laws. be God. MM 11. We violate no principles of liberty

ACLU 3. If they believe that birth control and seek only to exercise the rights that are is a sin, then you should not be allowed to ours under the Constitution. The ACLU's use contraceptives. real problem is they don't like our agenda.

MM 3. Moral Majority has never taken a ACLU 12. Make no mistake about it: the position on birth control. new evangelicals are not a conservative

ACLU 4. If they believe that abortion is movement. True conservatives place great wrong, then you should not be allowed to value on the Bill of Rights-a time-tested have one. document designed to guarantee individual

MM 4. Yes, we do believe abortion is the rights by limiting the powers of governtaking of innocent human life and there is ment. no such thing as a "safe" abortion. It is MM 12. So we're not true conservatives, never safe for the child and sometimes not huh? Thank goodness we don't have to rely safe for the reluctant mother. We favor on the ACLU for a definitive word on the abortions only to save the mother's life. meaning of a "true" conservative. Certainly

ACLU 5. If they believe that the Bible it wouldn't be a person who agrees with the condemns homosexuality, then the law ACLU! should punish homosexuals. ACLU 13. In fact, the new evangelicals are

MM 5. That is false. We favor civil rights a radical anti-Bill-of-Rights movement. for homosexuals but oppose those who They seek not to conserve traditional choose to live a homosexual ll!estyle from American values, but to overthrow them. receiving treatment as a min~nty group, as I Their agenda represents massive governif they were members of a legitimate minor- . ment intrusion. And conservatives as well as ity such as black persons. liberals should stand up against them.

ACLU 6. If they believe that a man should MM 13. Baloney! be the breadwinner and the divinely ap- ACLU 14. These groups have already had pointed head of the family, then the law alarming success. They have been pivotal in should keep women in their place. blocking passage of the E.R.A. in fifteen

MM 6. That is grade A baloney and the states. Public school boards all over the ACLU knows it. We support full equ~ country have banned books and imposed rights for women, though we believe ERA ts prayer and other religious ceremonies. state the wrong way to bring it about. legislatures have begun placing increasingly

ACLU 7. If they are offended by the ideas severe restrictions on a women's right to in certain books, then the law should ban have an abortion. And there is mounting those books from rour libraries and schools. pressure to pass laws requiring the teaching

MM 7 · Why is 1t that moral persons are of the Biblical account of creation as an alattacked for opposing the secular human- ternative to evolution. ism, evolution and situational ethics taught MM 14. What is alarming about success? in many textbooks, yet those who would Public school boards have not imposed tear down our values are defended in the prayer and other religious ceremonies and name of "academic freedom"? the ACLU knows it. Why shouldn't Biblical

ACLU 8. And like Joe McCarthy, they be- creation be taught as a valid "theory"? Why lieve that anyone who disagrees with them the prejudices against Creation when the should be barred from teaching in the scientists can't even prove their own the-public schools. , ories scientifically?

MM 8. Joe McCarthy? C mon now, ACLU. ACLU 15 They have grown into a rich Aren't you guilty of using the fear tactic and powerf~ force in this country. here which you think we use and for which How rich? In a week, the Moral Majority you condemn us? We have never suggested a1s milli n dollars with its television barring teachers who disagree with us from r es a 0

schools. Who is your reseacher? He/she is program. over paid. MM 15. MM raised a little more than $2.2

ACLU 9. These new groups are on the million this entire year <1980). We wish we march and growing stronger each day. did take in $1 million a week. We could do Their agenda 1s clear and frightening: they more. We do not have a Moral Majority TV mean to capture the power of government , program. and use it to establish a nightmare of reli- ACLU 16. How powerful? In the last elec-gious and political orthodoxy. tion, key members of Congress were success-

February 23, 1981 fully targeted by them for defeat, because of their positions on abortion, E.R.A., and other civil liberties issues.

MM 16. We have never and will not target individuals for election or defeat.

ACLU 17. And the head of the Moral Majority promises more of the same. At a press conference a week after the election, he warned elected officials, both Republican and Democrat, to "get in step" or "be prepared to be unemployed."

MM 17. The ACLU is confusing us with Paul Weyrich of the Committee for the Survival of a Free Congress, who made this statement. We did not even have a representative at the press conference.

ACLU 18. For 60 years, the American Civil Liberties Union has been the organization that protects the Bill of Rights. As former Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote:

"The ACLU has stood foursquare against the recurring tides of hysteria that from time to time threatened freedoms everywhere . . . Indeed, it is difficult to appreciate how far our freedoms might have eroded had it not been for the Union's valiant representation in the courts of the constitutional rights of people of all persuasions, no matter how unpopular or even despised by the majority they were at the time."

We've been there in the past and we'll be there in the days ahead. We will meet the anti-Bill-of-Rights forces in the Congress, in the courts, before state and local legislatures, at school board hearings. Wherever they threaten, we will be there-with lawyers lobbyists, staff and volunteers-to resist their attempts to deprive you of your liberty and violate your rights.

MM 18. The arrogance of ACLU is incredible. One might as easily be "frightened" and "alarmed" by ACLU views.

ACLU 19. The ACLU, like the Moral Majority, depends on individual contributions. But they raise more money in a few weeks than we raise in a year.

Already there is talk of constitutional amendments that would impose prayer in the public schools and outlaw all abortions. And legislation has been introduced that would strip federal courts of their authority even to hear constitutional cases.

In the Senate, Strom Thurmond will now chair the Judiciary Committee, which controls most legislation affecting the courts 1

and the Constitution. Senator Thurmond I favors repeal of the Voting Rights Act of J

1965, and has announced his support of i much of the Moral Majority's program. He : has actively opposed civil rights and civil liberties for thirty years. Now he may pre- , vail. 1

We are facing a major struggle over the Bill of Rights. This struggle does not in-

1 volve the question of whether the Moral

1

Majority and other groups like them have 1

the right to speak. They do, and we would : defend that right. Even those who oppose 1

the Bill of Rights are protected by the First Amendment. The danger lies in the content of their views, not in their right to express ' them. ·

Nor is it a question of partisan politics. : There have been shifts of power from one , party to another before. That is not what concerns us. The American Civil Liberties I Union is non-partisan and does not endorse · or oppose candidates for public office. But we will make certain that, whatever other changes may occur in the political arena, the Constitution does not become a casualty of the new order.

We can only be as strong as the number of 1

people who support us. mtimately, the pro-

February 23, 1981 tection of your rights depends not on legislatures, not on who gets elected President, not even on the courts. It depends on individual citizens, aware of the fragility of liberty, alert to the forces that imperil it, and are prepared to give of themselves in order to preserve it.

In the past, when the Bill of Rights was in danger, enough people recognized the threat, and came together in time to repel it. Such a time has come again.

It is up to you to assure that the Bill of Rights will be passed on intact to the next generation.

Please send us your contribution before another day passes. Without your help, we don't have a prayer.

MM 19. Why does MM raise more money than the ACLU? Why do people buy one product over another? Because it performs better. They believe in the product on which they spend their money. Americans have proved their dislike for dirty tricks, lies and misrepresentation of facts, so the intent of ACLU's money-raising ad will be crystal clear to all who read it. The ACLU is hurting financially because it is out of step with the rest of the country.

If the ACLU has been a champion of minority rights, they should have supported us when we were under-represented in our government. Now they are suggesting that the majority should rule. They think they are the majority. But the real majority is pro-moral, and the real majority voted out those whose programs and platforms have nearly run the country into the ground.

We hope the ACLU raises enough money to survive. It would be a shame to deprive newspapers of the income from such fullpage ads.e

THE CAPTIVE STATUS OF LITHUANIA

HON.CARLOSJ.MOORHEAD OF CALIFORNIA


Wednesday, February 18, 1981 e Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I would like to take a moment, as many of my colleagues have done this month, to recognize the captive status of Lithuania and the campaign of the Lithuanian American community to change that status.

At the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Union, exercising its flawed penchant for geographical greed, imposed forced occupation on Lithuania. It was a classic demonstration of a

large nation unjustly and immorally stealing the freedom and independence of a small nation. It was a nation of might, lacking the restraints of civilized entities, crushing a weak nation.

But if Lithuania lacked military might, the nation and its people have since demonstrated uncommon courage and determination in their quest for freedom.

I urge the new adminiStration to pursue with renewed vigor a policy that continues to recognize the diplomatic corps of an independent Lithuania and to continue its policy of nonrecognition of the Soviet's annexation of the Baltic State.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS We cannot and will not forget these

brave people and their equally valiant quest for liberty and independence.•

PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS

HON.CHARLESB.RANGEL OF NEW YORK


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the operational difficulties of hospitals have changed drastically in the past decade. Health care costs have been rising before medicare, medicaid, and peoples ability to pay. This has created a difficult situation for many hospitals because it has forced them to rely on other revenues, such as charitable contributions and endowment funds to stay afloat. This problem of hospital revenues is of grave concern to me because I have seen needed facilities threatened by lack of adequate resources, endangering the health of the people served by these institutions. I encourage my colleagues to read the remarks which I insert into the RECORD, of Joseph V. Terenzio, president of the United Hospital Fund of New York, where he discusses these issues:

REMARKS OF JOSEPH v. TERENZIO

The environment in which hospitals in New York City operate has undergone profound change in the last ten years, and they have had to cope with powerful and sometimes conflicting forces within the environment. The beginning of the decade saw full impact of Federal programs for financing the health care of the aged and the poor, programs that had been enacted near the end of the previous decade. However, many of the limitations and problems of these programs with which we are now familiar became apparent only after they had been underway for .several years. Mandated health planning <administered by the Health Systems Agencies and the State Health Planning and Development Agencies> and utilization review <administered by the Professional Standards Review Organizations), were put into place in part to address the unforeseen escalation in the Federal health care budget. Both of these have directly affected hospitals' daily operations.

The changing role of medicine in our society has also had an important impact upon the environment which I describe. Progress in biomedical research and the development of new technology and treatment forms have been accompanied by increased awareness of the limitations of medicine. A legacy of success in medical and surgical intervention has been met with an intensified discussion of biomedical ethics. New cures have raised the expectations of patients, but other methods, some unorthodox and unproven, are also receiving a great deal of our attention. Within the medical community itself, many surgical and diagnostic procedures are being reviewed and reevaluated. Medical manpower issues are also being subjected to a rigorous reevaluation. We began the decade with medical schools expanding rapidly to reduce a perceived shortage of physicians, and it closes ·amidst dire forecasts of an impending oversupply.

2757 Most significant for the hospitals, howev

er, has been the austere economic climate that has evolved. Health care costs had been rising before Medicare and Medicaid, but these programs seem to have both exacerbated the trend and transformed what had previously been largely a private sector matter into an issue of government policy. The costs of the programs are being felt in different ways. Although Medicare and Medicaid provided a promise of care for those least able to pay, their escalating expenditures have engendered limitations on coverage and stringent reimbursement methods for the providers of services.

Therefore, it is becoming clear that the rapidly rising costs of medical care, on the one hand, and limitations on society's ability or willingness to pay for this care, on the other, have created a difficult situation for many hospitals, particularly those in New York City. In an effort to curb public expenditures for the Medicaid program, eligibility standards have been tightened and the cost of treating the "medically indigent" has been shifted, by default, to the individual hospitals.

Concurrently, methods for reimbursing hospitals were changed from a method of cost-based retrospective reimbursement to a new reimbursement system which sets rates prospectively. These changes were coupled with peer group ceilings for similar hospitals established to further restrict reimbursement rates, penalties for occupancy rates that fell below specified standards, and limitations imposed on reimbursement for ambulatory care services.

All of these developments have combined to result in substantial financial difficulty for hospitals in New York City, as evidenced by increasing operating deficits and many closures. According to a recent study by Alpert and Krasner, "in 1974, at least 26 voluntary hospitals exPerienced deficits totaling $39 million. By 1978, the number of hospitals with deficits had grown to 38, and the aggregate value of deficits had reached $77 million." Among the voluntary hospitals that are members of the United Hospital Fund, over 95 percent suffered operating deficits in 1979, and a third of all the member hospitals had deficits of eight percent or more. As a former hospital administrator and Commissioner of Hospitals for the City of New York. I find these trends especially disturbing, because these facilities are survivors of a period during which many other hospitals closed their doors.

Equally distressing to me are the various ways many of these hospitals are surviving despite continuing operating deficits. All too often, in my opinion, they have relied upon other revenues, such as charitable contributions, endowment funds, and depreciation funds, to supplement operating revenues. Obviously, dependence on these sources of revenue is merely a desperate short-term solution with ominous long-term ramifications. We are using the system's future to pay for its daily costs. Although philanthroPY can help to mitigate hospital deficits, its role has declined substantially in recent years. Despite increases in the dollar measure of contributions, philanthropy now provides less than one percent of hospital revenues in New York City. Similarly, the value of endowment funds has decreased almost 60 percent over the past decade, when adjusted for inflation. In addition to resorting to the use of endowment funds, many hospitals have had to survive in the short run by diverting funds earmarked for the replacement of depreciating plant and

2758 equipment. The effects of these activities are not always immediately apparent; however, I can assure you that indefinite continuation of this kind of financing seriously threatens the viability of our hospital system in New York City.

The publication which you have been given today, "A Decade of Change in New York City Hospital Services," is a compendium of information which describes hospital operations in New York City in recent years. These data are presented in a series of graphs, maps, and tables, and are accompanied by concise narrative. Together, these data reflect some of the problems which have confronted hospitals during this period, as well aS trends toward improving the efficiency of health care delivery.

I would like to highlight for you a few of the findings of this study which I find to be particularly interesting:

Thirty-three hospitals in New York City have closed since 1969.-This dramatic 27 percent rate of closure undoubtedly has created hardships for communities, hospital employees and physicians. However, the 10 percent reduction in the number of hospital beds in the same period was generally consistent with national health planning objectives and guidelines. These guidelines were intended to reduce health care expenditures by tightening the supply of hospital beds and encouraging alternative and less expensive forms of treatment.

The average length of stay in New York City hospitals over the past ten years has declined.-As the number of hospital beds decreases, the alternative forms of care increase, and as reimbursement ceilings are imposed, hospitals are encouraged to handle increasingly difficult episodes of illness expeditiously, by more efficient scheduling of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Increased occupancy rates, also experienced in New York City since 1969, were similarly fostered by the reduction of beds and may also imply a more efficient use of resources.

The number of patient visits to hospital outpatient departments in New York City has increased by nearly a third from 1969 to 1979.-0ne reason for this increased dependency on hospital-based ambulatory care has been the 45.5 percent decrease in the local supply of general practitioners in office-based practices in New York City over the same period.

Emergency room visits in New York City hospitals also increased significantly in number during this same ten-year period, adding further to the role our hospitals have been called upon to play in providing ambulatory care for their communities.

Since 1969, the proportion of New York City's hospitals under voluntary auspices rose to fully two-thirds of all hospitals, and to an even larger percentage of total hospital beds available.

The report from which these observations arise provides information not only for general care hospitals aggregated into New York City as a whole, but also features chapters which provide information on each borough within the City and the individual hospitals serving those communities, as well as for two Congressional Districts which extend beyond the City's boundaries. Included in the Appendix to the report are the data upon which the graphics and narrative throughout the report are based.

This report clearly illustrates the substantial changes in hospital services that have occurred over the past decade. Unfortunately, the impact of these changes cannot be fully documented in a report such as this.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS What is apparent, however, is that because of the dynamic nature of the health care environment and the potential for social and policy changes to have unforeseen consequences, careful and continuous monitoring of the situation is necessary. The intent of this report is to provide a basis for evaluating the effects of programs introduced in the past and to serve as a foundation and stimulus for informed consideration and discussion of health care policies for the future.

It is for this reason that I am pleased to present you with "A Decade of Change in New York City Hospital Services." This document will add to your resources of information on New York City hospitals and health care environment. It represents another example of the United Hospital Fund's expanding portfolio of data and publications which, I believe, can provide information of special interest to you. If you have any comments or suggestions for future special studies or reports that would make our services more useful to you, please feel free to contact me or my staff.e

HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCA-TIONAL ASSISTANCE AND NURSE TRAINING AMEND-MENTS OF 1981

HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN OF CALIFORNIA



• Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing H.R. 2004, the Health Professions Educational Assistance and Nurse Training Amendments of 1981.

I am especially pleased to introduce this bill since it is virtually identical to the health professions education billH.R. 7203-passed by the House in September by a vote of 368 to 8. Although the Senate also passed a health professions bill last year, it was not possible to reach agreement on all of the many provisions during the postelection session. As a result, health professions legislation is again on our agenda.

In introducing this bill, I want to stress that this bill was the product of extensive deliberations last year. Those considerations produced a consensus that this bill provided a sound and balanced health professions policy for the Nation. But while I believe this is a good bill, I do not expect the 97th Congress to endorse all of its provisions without revision. I anticipate further review of the student assistance, project support, nurse training, and National Health Service Corps programs, and the many other provisions in the bill. Many individuals and organizations will have suggestions on how to improve the bill. New members of the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment will bring their own views on how to shape these important programs. Thus, the introduction of this bill is only the beginning of a process that I hope will lead to the en-

February 23, 1981 actment of strong health professions legislation later this year.

H.R. 2004 reauthorizes the Federal health professions and nurse training programs for fiscal years 1982 through 1984. It revises the health professions authorities for the first time since 1976. Since 1976, the Nation's health professions priorities have changed and Federal budget constraints have tightened. H.R. 2004 tailors our health training programs to fit the new priorities and constraints.

H.R. 2004 includes major provisions in six areas:

First, the bill extends the nurse training authorities for 3 years. This extension insures that the Federal Government will do its share to alleviate the shortage of nurses that we have heard so much about. In particular, the bill supports nurse training by: Continuing direct support for schools of nursing with increased emphasis on assistance to the 2- and 3-year schools which train bedside nurses; authorizing special project grants to communities with the greatest shortage of nurses; and assisting working nurses to return to school to upgrade their skills and improve their professional status.

Second, the legislation provides financial assistance to health professions students. Student assistance is especially important at a time when the cost of education continues to increase. The bill extends the health professions student loan program, the exceptional financial need scholarship program, and the health education assistance loan-or HEAL-program. Together with the guaranteed student loan program, these programs assure that adequate funds will be available to health students in coming years.

Third, the bill phases out capitation grants to health professions schools over the next 2 years. This reduction responds to concerns about the continued need for institutional support. Federal expenditures are reduced in an orderly manner while the schools are provided adequate time to make necessary financial adjustments.

Fourth, the bill maintains the current efforts to develop area health education centers and the National Health Service Corps. The geographic distribution of physicians and other health professionals continues to be an important problem as many rural communities and inner-city neighborhoods do not have adequate numbers of health care providers.

In revising the statutory authority for the Corps, the bill assigns a greater role to physicians entering the private practice of medicine and allows professionals to be directly employed by local service programs. These provisions will both reduce direct Federal costs and increase the retention of professionals by these communities.

February 23, 1981 Fifth, the bill extends and revises as

sistance for primary care training. The number of family practice and other primary care residency programs has increased significantly over the past decade. Federal assistance has played a major role in this development. The bill continues the Nation's commitment to this important trend.

Sixth, the bill extends and strengthens the program of educational assistance to students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The number of these students enrolled in the health professionS schools has not increased over the past 5 years. Goals set in early years have not been met. The bill encourages further efforts in this area. It continues assistance to Meharry Medical College and other minority health professions schools.

H.R. 2004 also revises and extends assistance to physician assistant, public health, health administration, and allied health training programs.

An important issue associated with this bill is the appropriate level for the authorizations for the health professions and nurse training programs for the next 3 years. The amounts provided in this bill are an attempt to set a reasonable balance between the sums necessary to maintain important existing programs and budget constraints. They are substantially less than authorizations for fiscal year 1980.

In conclusion, I would reiterate my hope that this bill can serve as the basis for subcommittee reconsideration of health professions training legislation. It is the product of extensive consideration last year. It can serve as a starting point for further deliberations this year.

The Subcommittee on Health and the Environment will initiate its consideration of the renewal of the health professions education and nurse training authorities with hearings on H.R. 2004 and all similar bills at 9:30 a.m., on Monday, March 2, in room 2322 of the Rayburn Building. At that time . the subcommittee will hear from many of the organizations and individuals with special interest and expertise in health professions education and nurse training. Further information on these hearings, and other subcommittee activities, is available at the subcommittee office, 2415 Rayburn House Office Building, or by phone at 225-4952. Information on last year's deliberations on health professions education is available in the record of last year's hearings: "Health Professions Educational Assistance and Nurse Training Act of 1980" <Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce; serial No. 96-148> and in the committee report on H.R. 7203 <H. Rept. 96-978>.•

79-Q59 0 1984- 85- (Vol. 127 Pt. 2)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRIBUTE TO AMBASSADOR

AMORY HOUGHTON

HON. GARY A. LEE OF NEW YORK



2759 productivity growth this country has ever known-the Corning Glass Works multiplied its sales worldwide 32 times. Employment multiplied within the glass works family tenfold.

Mr. Speaker, when I call the glass works' employees a family, that is exactly what I mean. We hear much today in national economic circles of the need for improved relations between employers and those who work

• Mr. LEE. Mr. Speaker, colleagues, I for them, yet the Corning Glass am deeply sadd~ned today _ to brin~ Works has always exemplified the pernews of the passmg of a great Amen- fection of an employer-employee rela-can, Ambassador Amory Houghton, a ti· h" b f th Amb d • lifelong resident and a moving force of · . ons IP eca~e 0 . e assa or s Corning, N.Y., the city where I grew 1 influence. While the firm grew from a up and the city where today many of few hundred persons to many thoumy constituents make their living. sands, the Ambassador could be count-

ed on to walk frequently through its Ambassador Hough~on may _best be plants and call each employee by his

r~mem~ered by Am~rican ~d n:terna- or her first name, to be familiar with t10nal figur~~ for hiS contributiOns to their families and sincerely interested worl? stabilit! and. betterm~nt as in their well-being. The same was true President DWight Eisenhowe: s U.S. of the community which the

:-:~:'~~~~:61~0 H::~;:iced~m:ra!~: Houghton f8;milY chose to hold its in-led the Government of that nation to dustry, Cornmg, N.Y. award him the Grand Cross of the The Corning Glass Works virtually Legion of Honor. Yet his contributions rebuilt the city of Corning following a were broad and meaningful beyond devastating flood in that community diplomatic circles. in June of 1972. It provided homes,

During the years of World War II, Ambassador Houghton added to his role of the leader of a growing industrial giant-the Corning Glass Works-the many jobs of a selfless public servant. He used his expertise in industrial matters to help America and its Allies win that war by serving on the War Production Board and as Chairman from 1943 to 1945 of the U.S. Mission for Economic Affairs in London. Ambassador Houghton virtually never refused his country either his time or his talents. He was the very image of a statesman and world mover.

The Corning Glass Works was by no means a cottage industry when Ambassador Houghton joined the family in its employ in 1921. The Ambassador's great-grandfather, also named Amory, founded the business in 1851 and it was moving well when the Ambassador took the helm as president in 1930. He become chairman of the board of directors in 1941, chief of the firm's executive committee in 1961, and honorary board member in 1964 and, in 1971, received the title of chairman emeritous, the position he held until his death Saturday at the age of 81.

From the moment Ambassador Houghton assumed the leadership of his firm, its performance bedazzled the American industrial scene. During the period of his direction, the Corning Glass Works grew into a multibillion dollar enterprise and a multinational economic force. While America's gross national product multiplied six

. tim~s-in the years of the greatest

community-use buildings and badly needed funds for both company and noncompany families following that disaster, even while suffering millions upon millions of dollars loss itself. The force of the Ambassador, and the sense of service and dedication to community and its family of employees which he instilled upon his family which still maintains the helm at the Corning Glass Works, was responsible for the profile which is held in the highest esteem there.

Finally, Mr. Speaker, I note that the Corning Glass Works of the late Ambassador has continued to be a contributor to this Nation's advancement. In the form of the Sullivan Park Research Center in Corning-the world's largest and most advanced glass and , ceramics research facility-the work for America continues. Every American space probe has been fitted with highly specialized window glass from Corning and countless national secu- ! rity measures utilizing this most versa- 1 tile substance continue to come from i Corning. Its new, bright, museum of · glass draws travelers from around the world. The family the Ambassador gave such attention to thrives in Corning and in facilities around the world.

Today I add my symphathies on the loss of this great American to those of the Houghton family and the larger family of employees of the Corning Glass Works and the city which he loved. This Nation has lost an important and very great citizen with the passing of Ambassador Amory Houghton.e

2760 INTERSTATE TAXATION

HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. OF NEW YORK


Monday, February 23, 1981 • Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, on several occasions Congress has attempted to wrestle with the subject of interstate taxation. In the last Congress Mr. JoNEs of Oklahoma and I introduced legislation which addressed the two aspects in that area which have become the leading edge of complaints and abuses. H.R. 5076 would have limited the use of that method of corporate tax assessment used by only a few individual States known as the worldwide combined reporting system. It also would have conformed the State rules for taxation of dividends received by domestic corporations from foreign subsidiaries to those of the Federal Government as to the quantity of the foreign source dividends which are taxed by the States. An identical bill, S. 1688, was introduced in the Senate by Senator MATHIAs.

Very complete hearings were held in both Houses of Congress. The records of the March 31, 1980, hearings of the Committee on Ways and Means on H.R. 5076 and of the hearings of the Senate Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on Taxation and Debt Management Generally, of June 24, 1980, on S. 1688 provide voluminous support for this type of legislation.

I am today introducing a bill for myself and Mr. JoNEs which is the same as H.R. 5076 except that minor revisions have been made to take into account technical comments of the Treasury Department and the Joint Committee on Taxation made during last year's hearings.

This legislation is consistent with principles of international taxation. The U.S. Government and virtually all other governments in the world determine taxable income on the basis of what are arm's-length transactions between related companies. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, of which the United States is a member, has included the arm's-length standard in its Model Income Tax Convention. The "1974 Guidelines for Tax Treaties Between Developed and Undeveloped Countries," prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, and approved by this country, adopts the same principle.

The passage of this legislation will assure that the United States speaks with one voice regarding taxation of foreign source income and will relieve both United States and foreign-based businesses of the unfair and unjustified tax burden imposed by a small minority of States.

This legislation will increase corporate, commercial, and industrial in-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS vestment in the United States by removing the obstacle of the worldwide combined reporting system which exposes worldwide and unrelated lines of business of corporate affiliates to the threat of such unfair methods of taxation. Increased job opportunities will result. It would also remove the threat of multiple taxation and retaliatory taxing methods by other governments that could place U.S. corporations at a disadvantage when competing in worldwide markets.

The purpose of the section of the bill regarding dividends paid to U.S. corporations by their affiliates overseas is to provide that a State may not tax a greater portion of the dividend than the Federal Government effectively taxes. Under general principles of State taxation, a State is only entitled to tax that part of a corporation's income which has been generated by that State's economy. Thus, properly States should not tax foreign source business profits or dividends paid from those profits of a corporation not doing business in those States. This legislation does not go that far, but imposes only a reasonable limitation parallel to the Federal system. It would permit States to tax foreign source dividends to the extent that the Federal Government effectively taxes those dividends after taking into account the foreign tax credit.

I urge all my colleagues to closely examine this bill and to review the record established last Congress in support of it. I am hopeful that we can move expeditiously to provide the uniformity in this one area of international taxation that is so badly needed. I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be reprinted in the RECORD.

H.R.1983 A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code

of 1954 to clarify the extent to which a State, or political subdivision, may tax certain income from sources outside the United States Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of

Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That (a) chapter 77 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 <relating to miscellaneous provisions> is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section: "SEC. 7518. INCOME OF CORPORATIONS ATTRIB

UTABLE TO FOREIGN CORPORATIONS. "(a) IN GENERAL.-Where two or more cor

porations are members of the same affiliated group of corporations-

(!) for purposes of imposing an income tax on any corporation which is a member of such group, no State, or political subdivision thereof, may take into account, or include in income subject to such tax, any amount of income of, or attributable to,

<2> any other corporation which is a member of such group and which is a foreign corporation, unless such amount is includable in the gross income of the corporation described in paragraph < 1 > for purposes of chapter 1 (including any amount includable in gross income under subpart F of part

February 23, 1981 lll of subchapter N of chapter 1> for the taxable year in which or with which the taxable period (for purposes of State or local law> ends.

"(b) INCOME TAX DEFINED.-For purposes of this section, the term 'income tax' means any tax which is imposed on, according to, or measured by income.

"(C) AFFILIATED GROUP DEFINED.-For purposes of subsection <a>, the term 'affiliated group' means a common parent corporation and one or more chains of corporations connected through stock ownership with such common parent corporation.

"(d) CERTAIN CORPORATIONS TREATED AS FOREIGN CORPORATIONS.-For the purpose of this section, a domestic corporation shall be treated as a foreign corporation if under section 86l<a><2><A> a dividend received from such corporation in the taxable year referred to in subsection <a> would not be treated as income from sources within the United States.

"(e) CERTAIN DIVIDENDS PAID OR DEEMED PAID.-

" (1) DIVIDENDS EXCLUDED FROM TAX.-If a corporation receives in any taxable year a dividend from a foreign corporation <of is by application of section 951 treated as having received such a dividend), in imposing an income tax on such corporation no State, or political subdivision thereof, may tax, or otherwise take into account-

" <A> in the case of a dividend received from a corporation with respect to which an election under section 936 is in effect for the taxable year in which such dividends are paid, the amount of deduction allowed by section 243,

" in the case of a dividend received from a corporation described in subsection (d) which is not described in paragraph <A>, more than the lesser of-

" the amount of the dividend exclusive of any amount of dividend determined under paragraph (3), or

" (ii) the amount by which the dividend plus any amount of dividend determined under paragraph <3> exceeds the excluded portion of the dividend determined in accordance with paragraph (2).

" <C> in the case of a dividend received from any other foreign corporation more than the lesser of-

"(i) the amount of the dividend <exclusive of any amount determined under section 78), or

"(ii) the amount by which the dividend plus any amount determined under section 78 exceeds the excluded portion of the dividend determined in accordance with paragraph (2).

"(2) EXCLUDED PORTION OF A DIVIDEND.The excluded portion of any dividend shall be determined by multiplying the amount of the dividend <including any amount of dividend determined under section 78 or paragraph (3)) by a fraction-

" <A> the numerator of the fraction shall be the sum of-

"(i) the total amount of tax withheld from all such dividends at the source.

"(ii) the total amount of tax which by application of section 902 or section 960 to all such dividends, the domestic corporation is deemed to have paid, and

"(ill) the total amount of tax deemed paid by application of paragraph (3).

"(B) The denominator of the fraction shall be 46 percent of all such dividends.

"(3) SPECIAL RULE WITH RESPECT TO DIVIDENDS RECEIVED FROM DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS TREATED AS FOREIGN UNDER SUBSECTION (d).A corporation that receives a dividend

February 23, 1981 which is described in subparagraph of paragraph < 1) shall-

"(A) treat as a dividend for purposes of subparagraph of paragraph (1), and

"(B) treat as a tax deemed paid for purposes of subparagraph <A> of paragraph (2), foreign income taxes which such other corporation has paid or deemed paid in the same proportion on or with respect to the accumulated profits of such corporation from which such dividend was paid, which the amount of such dividend bears to the amount of such accumulated profits in excess of all income taxes <other than those deemed paid). For purposes of this section, only a tax for which a credit against tax would be allowable under section 901 (determined without regard to the limitations in section 904 and 907) shall be taken into account."

 EFFECTIVE DAn:.-The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable periods <for purposes of State or local law> beginning after December 31, 1980.

(C) AMENDMENT OF THE TABLE OF SECTIONS.-The table of sections for chapter 77 of such Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new items. "Sec. 7518. Income of corporations attribut

able to foreign corporations."•

LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY

HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN OF NEW YORK


Wednesday, February 18, 1981

• Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, the 63d anniversary of the Lithuanian Independence Day is certainly an occasion which warrants the attention of all of us who cherish individual freedom and national sovereignty. This month we once again acknowledge and support the Lithuanian people as a symbol of that struggle.

It was in February of 1918, the newly formed Lithuanian Council, which came about as the direct result of the end of World War I, issued its declaration of independence and eventually formalized a new government on November 11, 1918. When German troops evacuated Vilnius, the city was entered by Bolshevik forces that immediately installed a pro-Soviet Lithuanian regime in January 1919. However, it was with complete determination and sacrifice that the Lithuanians managed to drive the Bolsheviks out of Lithuania and a peace treaty recognizing Lithuania's independence was signed by Soviet Russia in July 1920. Lithuania enjoyed its hard won independence until 1939, which marked the outbreak of World War II.

In October 1939, after the start of World War II, the Soviet Union stationed troops in Lithuania. In return, the Russians transferred to Lithuania the city of Vilnius and its surrounding territory, which had just been seized from Poland. In June 1940, using the military alliance, the Soviet Government demanded that Lithuania form a

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS government acceptable to Moscow. The start of this new Soviet annexation was halted only temporarily by the German invasion of Eastern Europe which, in turn, incorporated all conquered countries into the Third Reich's protectorate.

After the recapture of Lithuania from the Germans by the Red army, the sovietization was resumed in the economy through nationalization of industry and collectivization of agriculture. Political opposition to Soviet rule was completely wiped out.

Nevertheless, Lithuania's short-lived independence has been fruitful in a number of ways. Having experienced the freedom that we, as Americans have, only served to magnify the desire of Lithuanians to permanently acquire national sovereignty and to be recognized as a country that seeks to promote and protect the concept of human rights. It is this month that we acknowledge and admire the courage and resiliency of a small nation which has yet to turn away in the face of danger and persecution.

Mr. Speaker, I would urge my colleagues to join me in speaking out for a free Lithuania. In the name of the Helsinki accords, to which the Soviets are cosignatory, and for those who have dedicated their lives to this just cause, it is imperative that our country shoulder some of the responsibility of aiding those nations still seeking their independence.•

INTERVIEW WITH REV. JERRY FALWELL-PART I




• Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, for many decades American society in general and the American political scene in particular have been influenced by a number of church related or religious groups. The Federal Council of Churches and the successor National Council of Churches are two examples of such religious forces. For many decades those same driving religious forces have been based upon a social gospel very closely linked to secular humanism.

More recently there has been a growing realization of the danger of secular humanism as a basis of morality. Accompanying this realization has been a rapidly growing appreciation for Biblical morality as a basis for law and society.

The most active force promoting a return to Biblical morality and rejection of secular humanism is the organization known as the Moral Majority whose founder is Rev. Jerry Falwell of the Thomas Road Baptist Church of Lynchburg, Va.

2761 Recently two writers approached

Reverend Falwell with the idea of doing an interview for a forthcoming book. As it turned out, there was misrepresentation because the interview appeared in Penthouse magazine.

While the interview has been an understandable embarrassment to Reverend Falwell, Penthouse being a pornographic, vulgar, and salacious magazine, the substance of the interview will be helpful to my colleagues in the Congress.

The first part of the March 1981, Penthouse interview follows:

PENTHOUSE INTERVIEW: REvEREND JERRY FALWELL

This Penthouse interview with the Reverend Falwell incorporates two taped conversations, conducted by two independent journalists, Sasthi Brata and Andrew Duncan, at two different times. Although the interviews were cut for space reasons <these cuts are indicated by ellipses in the text), neither the questions nor the answers have been altered in any respect.

Penthouse: ... Your message seems to be ... a very simple message. . . . One has to wonder why it needs such an expense-$50 million a year?

Falwell: Well, the gospel of Christ, which is a very simple message-that is, the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ-is as old as the Bible is. . . . Now the difference, however, in this generation, this age, than, for example, the first generation after Christ, is that there were about 250 million people on the earth during the days of Christ. There are-about 18 times that many now. And we've long since passed the 4 billion mark, and we're moving on in a population explosion.

The commission that the Lord gave to the church was to "preach the gospel to every creature," meaning every living person. Well, if we were to do it as it was done in early New Testament, apostolic days, of two by two knocking on doors-house-to-house evangelism-by pure numerics we would never even keep up with the population explosion. And so, the ultimate answer is, as I see it, God gave you in the past 100 years most of the media that distinguished our world from Paul's world. The exception is the printed press. I think it's significant that the first major thing printed on the printing press, 500 years ago, was the English Bible. I think God gave the medium, including the printing press, to the church to make the great commission of preaching the gospel to every creature a possibility.

God is not unreasonable. God does not give commandments that cannot be kept. And so, if we're going to reach everybody, television, radio, the printed page, automation, computerization, et cetera, et cetera, all of this is essential-particularly to those of us who are living in the last quarter of the twentieth century. If the population of the world goes on to 7 billion, as some say it will by the turn of the century, I see a very real possibility that we can have preached the gospel to every one of them by that time, many times, by simply using what God has made available to us and to industry.

So in order to do that, it costs us this year <1980) $56 million to do it. Next year it will cost more like $75 million to do it. We have to decide whether or not the cost, or the end, justifies the means. If it is worth it-if really obeying God and preaching the

2762 gospel to every creature is important, and I feel it's all-important-then cost should not stand in the way ....

Penthouse: What about the show business aspects of your presentation? Doesn't this tend to diminish and make facile the points you're putting across?

Falwell: Well, I don't know if you have watched the "Old Time Gospel Hour" or not, but we are a church service; that is, we actually videotape the 11:00 a.m.-to-noon Thomas Road Baptist Church worship service .... If we were not televising the service, we would probably conduct it just as we do. As a matter of fact, Sundays when we do not tape we don't make any changes. So we don't have J television production with the congregation or studio audience. Rather, just the reverse. We have a church service, a traditional church service, with the television cameras allowed to look on. So I don't look on that as show business, as some do ...

Penthouse: I'm thinking more of the rallies ...

Falwell: Okay. We are right now on a tour of all 50 states. And it's going to be next spring before we finish it, because we have a lot of other things going. This morning at 11:00 <in Montgomery, Ala.) the governor and the lieutenant governor, the attorney general, many of the legislators, will join us on the state steps. There's a purpose for that. We'll have thousands of Christian school students here. We'll have Christian educators. We'll have several hundred pastors here. And just thousands of Alabamians will join us.

And we're trying to accomplish a number of things. First of all, there is a phenomenon happening in America: it's the Christian school movement. So far the media hasn't picked up on it, but it's probably the most significant phenomenon of this era. . . . Local churches everywhere ... feel that the public school system has completely adopted humanism as its philosophy, which isanti-Christ, as we see it, and antibiblical. The churches have been forced into starting an alternate school system .... By a federal U.S. Supreme Court mandate, the public schools cannot teach these children what we want to teach them: cannot teach them the Bible, cannot teach them morality, cannot teach them character-building traits, etc. But we do. So we are developing our own and accepting no tax monies, so that we really are involved in double taxation. We Christian parents-! have three children in a Christian schoolpay our regular taxes that would enable us to get free education in the public school system. and then we go pay tuition in a Christian school. . . .

Now we've grown from 1,400 schools in 1961 to 16,000. We're adding a new school every seven hours. We want kids to see government not as their enemy but as their ally. And the imagery, the symbolism of that state capitol, provides for them that setting.

Penthouse: When you say the state schools don't provide character-building, surely that's a bit simplistic, because they do provide what they assume is characterbuilding. What you mean is they· don't provide what you see as character-building?

Falwell: Well, if the total vacuum of discipline, if the drug epidemic, if the amoral position of the National Education Association and the teaching profession of this day is building character, that's the kind of character we don't want built in our young people.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Penthouse: ... You've said the goal of hu

manism was world socialism .... Where is the evidence for that?

Falwell: Well, I think that secular humanism has one thing in mind. First of all, it's based upon-and there's no way to question this premise-atheism. Now that doesn't mean that it automatically becomes equated with communism. et cetera. But it does mean that it has no absolute values. It has an amoral philosophy: nothing is absolutely right or wrong. We used to call it situation ethics, but it's really worse than that, because it develops a total society based upon what the Book of Judges in the Old Testament describes, during the most horrible time in Israel's history; Judges 21:25 says, "In those days there was no king in Israel"- that is, no authority-"and every man did that which was right in his own eyes." And, of course, that is chaos. And that is exactly, as I see it, where the public school system is today .... The ultimate end of promoting amorality, atheism, and developing a permissive society where there is no authority for right or wrong is, of course, ultimately going to be the wipeout of the family, the wipeout of all the traditional values that have made the United States, in my opinion, the greatest free society in the world for many years ...

The ultimate goal [of humanism] is internationalism. I'm not an isolationist. I don't think that we should not be aware of the rest of the world. I preach very strongly that we have an obligation, that America's only importance to God is as we minister to the world. But I do see that one-world socialism, one-world government-internationalism-is just the opposite of what freedom is all about, what the world is all about. I think the futility of the United Nations at this moment in dealing with, for example, t.lle Iranian situation, is an indication of how totally impotent and helpless and useless they are.

Penthouse: . . . Surely what you're advocating is a slight contradiction, because it's freedom for people who believe in what you believe. Abortion, for instance-your position seems to be absolutely certain and sure, which would not allow freedom to other people who don't feel the same way as you.

Falwell: Rules and regulations, standards of behavior, are absolutely essential in any civilized society. For example, I believe in freedom of speech, but that does not permit me to stand up in this restaurant and yell "Fire!" when there is no fire, because my freedom of speech is now infringing upon the rights and benefits and well-being of the people in this room. And I have no right to use my freedom of speech to libel or slander someone's character. My freedom of speech ends where someone else's well-being begins.

Now that is likewise true in the matter of abortion .... It has always been the position of the Bible that life has dignity; life begins with conception, not birth. And it's not a Roman Catholic position; abortion is not a Roman Catholic issue, as the politicians try to make it. It's a moral issue. And it's to our discredit, who are not Catholics, that we've allowed the Roman Catholics to carry that ball. Now the idea of "freedom of choice," which is what they prefer to use, rather than "freedom to kill," to me is an obnoxious statement and a ridiculous statement. It's like a bank robber saying, "I have freedom to break safes, and I want my freedom."

Well, we believe that rules, standard regulations-and this is regardless of what anyone thinks about America; it was,

February 23, 1981 indeed, founded upon the Judea-Christian ethnic. Our founding fathers were not all committed Christians or committed Jews, but they were committed to biblical principles, which are found written right through the documents-the Constitution, the Declaration, the Bill of Rights, et cetera-on which the nation is founded.

Penthouse: ... It's quite okay for you to have your opinions . . . but other people may not share those. And yet you are trying to impose, are you not, your attitudes on them? Based on the Bible, which they may not believe in?

Falwell: Well, they can say the same thing about "Thou shall not steal." If we tell folks, if we write it down and say, "You're not going to break in this restaurant at nighttime and steal-" "Well, where did you get that?" "I got that from the Bible: 'Thou shall not steal.'" "Well, I don't believe the Bible." That doesn't matter! It's the matter of law! For example, in this country, homosexuality .... There are those who are saying, "Well, that's an alternate life-style." At this present moment, in all 50 states, and that's been the case since the days of the beginning of this country, is a violation not only of God's law, of written man's law. And yet we are trying to make it something other than that when, in fact, it is not.

Penthouse: Some people would call that progress, of course. Allowing people to live as they want to.

Falwell: Yes, I think it's perverse, too. Penthouse: Some people would think it's

progress. Falwell: Oh, I'm sorry. I misunderstood

you. Well, I suppose you could use the word progress to validate almost anything, but I look on it as regression instead.

Penthouse: . . . Don't people make the criticism ... that it's a very simplistic doctrine which you're putting forward which makes people think there are easy answers to very complicated questions? Do you not feel that's a valid criticism?

Falwell: I really don't. I think that you could say that science is simplistic because it's exact. I was studying mechanical engineering before I even became a Christian. ... You come to exact, simplistic answers if you follow the proper equations and the proper processes ... Theology, to me, is an exact science. God is God. The Bible is the inspired, inherent word of God. And if everyone accepts the same theses and the same equations, they will arrive at the same answer.

Penthouse: Yes, but what if everybody doesn't? And there's no reason why they should. Are you not . . . steamrolling, with the money that you generate from television ... to push forward a message which, in its way, is ... repressive?

Falwell: Well, it is easy for people today who are violating God's law and man's law to ridicule those who oppose them by simply saying, "That fellow's repressive; he is suggesting a return to where America was fifty years ago, morally.'' That is exactly what I am proposing, morally. Not technologically. I certainly am very much a progressive person. If you come to our ministry and visit our complex and see the kind of innovative and up-to-date procedures we use in everything we do, you'd never accuse me of being against progress. But there's a vast difference between technology and theology. And whereas we are progressing in our world today, the science book I used in college is obsolete today. But I use the same Bible I used then.

February 23, 1981 Penthouse: ... I understand that you are

against the Equal Rights Amendment. Are you against the whole concept of feminism?

Falwell: Oh, no, just the opposite. I am more for equal rights for women than the true feminists are. What the true feminists are doing is advocating a unisexual society, which I think is demeaning to womanhood. Now in all fairness, many of the persons involved in the effort to pass or ratify the Equal Rights Amendment are very wellmeaning, very well-intentioned people who, in my opinion, are misled as to what the ultimate results of that amendmt 1t would be.

The reason I oppose the an endment is this: the language is very ambiguous. I'm sure you've read it. It simply says that there shall be no discrimination on account of sex, period. . . . If it had been ratified and ever were ratified, it would do a number of things. It would leave open to every jurist, every judge, before whom some singular case appears in the future the right to determine what those words mean. It would put sex in the Constitution, not women. It would say that when, for example, two men applied for a marriage license, or two women applied for a marriage license, and a clerk of the court denied them on the basis one of them was of the wrong sex, somebody in court could prove that's discrimination on account of sex.

And I think another problem is that women in America, who have never been forced in combat, would, at some point in time, be forced into combat, because some man out there is going to court and say, "This is discrimination .... " Even financially, men have to support women when they desert them in this country. I think that's right. I don't think women should have to support men. There are benefits that women need to have. I think we need to discriminate in favor of women.

During the 1980s, what I plan to work on, and what Governor Reagan has said, and I approve of it, we've got to work through the states in every possible way to guarantee that women do, in fact, earn the same dollar for the same work that a man does. That's not true today. That they have the same opportunity for development and achievement of position in that job as a man. That is not true today. That they lose none of what they have gained. And the amendment, I fear, would do that. So I'm simply saying that we want to lead the vanguard of equal rights for women in this decade, but oppose this amendment.e

IN HONOR OF LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE

HON. DON BAILEY

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2763 tion of their nation into the Soviet ited upon the East Timorese by the Union. . Indonesians, but also the majority of

On February 16, 1918, the Lithua- · the aid which has helped maintain the nian nation declared its independence. remaining Timorese on the fringe of This was a goal for which the Lithua- survival. nian people had been striving during a By reading the article, one could get period of Russian domination, 1795 to the impression that the civil war sub-1915, followed by German occupation sequent to the Portuguese departure during the First World War. After 20 from East Timor was long and bloody. years, Lithuania fell under Russian - In-fact, it has been documented that domination when it was occupied by the actual civil war occurred during the Red army in the Second World the late summer and early fall of 1975. War. It was declared a constituent Re- It is the Timorese resistance to the public of the U.S.S.R. on August 3, Indonesian invasion which has been 1940. Following the German attack on long and bloody. the Soviet Union 10 months later, East Timor has become a source of ~thuania was .in German h~ds until embarrassment for our Government, ~t was re~ccupied b~ the SoVIet ~Y the Indonesians, and the Portuguese. m 1944. Smc~ then, It has been consid- Many nations fail to understand our e.red by Russia as a component repub- acquiescence in the Indonesian annexlie. . ation of East Timor in the light of our

However, ~he Umted. S~ates has outcry against Soviet aggression in Afnever recogruzed the SoVIet mcorpora- ghanistan and Vietnamese aggression tion of Lithuania or the other two in Cambodia Baltic States, Estonia and Latvia. It is . · my hope that persons all over this . ~ would llke to su~gest that th~ po-country share my feelings of concern lltiCal problem which ~ast T~or for these people. Equally important is poses for our Governme~t lS not an mthe strength of the Lithuanians them- solvable. ~ne. As th~ article expre~ses, selves to hold fast to their principles- Indonesia s annexat~on of East ~or that their self-determination will ulti- has _not been recogniZed by the Umted mately prevail. NatiOns. ~he Po~tuguese h~~e. !>e~

I commend Congressman A.NNuNzio to recogniZe their . re~ponsibilit~e~ m for sponsoring this special order. It the area and hav~ mdi~ated a willingcertainly is an occasion worthy of rec- ness to. enter diScussions ~th ~he ognition. I am proud to extend my Indonesians. Our close rel~t10ns With best wishes and sincere support of the both ~ortugal and I~donesia, an~ our L·th anians here and abroad.e past mvolvem~nt With E~t Timor,

I u present the Umted States With an op-

EVENTS IN EAST TIMOR

HON. DON EDWARDS OF CALIFORNIA


Monday, February 23, 1981 e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. Speaker, I would like to recommend to my colleagues the article, "The Silent Suffering of East Timor," which appeared in New York Times Magazine, February 15, 1981. Although there are some areas of disagreements between my understanding of events in East Timor and those characterized in the article, I welcome the extensive coverage presented in this article. Due to the Indonesian-imposed blackout on

portunity, and indeed, a responsibility, to encourage the involved parties to work toward a Zimbabweanlike solution to the problems plaguing East Timor.

The article follows: THE SILENT SUFFERING OF EAsT TIMoR

<By Henry Kamm> No doubt there are more remote places,

particularly on Timor, an island on the eastern fringe of the far-flung Indonesian archipelago [see map below], but on a Sunday morning last year, the village of Uatolare, inland from East Timor's southern coast, could have served as a metaphor for the end of the world.

oF PENNSYLVANA news coverage of East Timor, very

I walked among thousands of people huddled together, from the outskirts of the village to its ravaged center. Men, women, children-all shared the look and scent of deprivation to the limits of human endurance: frail bodies clothed in rags, gaunt faces uttering mute pleas. The bloated bellies of children protruded over waists so scrawny that the smallest ones had to hold up their shorts or lose them.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES little is known about the events in East Timor. However, certain frighten-

Wednesday, February 18, 1981 ing facts are certain. e Mr. BAILEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Through the use of American sup-Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to plied arms, and with the foreknowltake part in the commemoration of · edge of top American officials, IndoneLithuanian independence. In my dis- sia invaded the island of East Timor in trict, the 21st Congressional District 1975. Since the date of that invasion, of Pennsylvania, there are many per- at least 100,000 of the population of sons of Lithuanian descent. about 600,000 have perished. The con-

The people of this Baltic nation ditions on the island remain dismal. truly aspire for freedom and independ- East Timor is an ironic problem for ence. This country's support of their our Government. It is one in which we efforts, I feel, is evidenced in our re- have supplied not only the vast majorfusal to accept the forcible incorpora- ity of the weapons of destruction vis-

Through the open doors of the village church, the chants of prayer could be heard. Recently patched holes showed how heavily the church had been hit by naval shellfire during the Indonesian invasion of December 1975. Inside, a large congregation sat on the bare floor, singing in Portuguese the Roman Catholic liturgy. But no priest officiated; the fervent prayers were offered in the face of an empty altar. Standing at an open side door, a girl as emaciated as the others, no older than 12 years, intoned a

2764 new chant whenever the chorus thinned and faltered.

The deserted school house, also marked by the bombardment, stood across the square. On one wall, someone had scrawled, "Death to the traitors," also in Portuguese. By now, however, after years of civil war among East Timorese and war against Indonesia, no one recalled which faction the words applied to.

The war was over at the time of my visit in January 1980, despite sporadic guerrilla action against the Indonesian occupiers that continues to this day. Dismal and melancholy as the scenes I saw were, it was really not the end of the world. Those whom I saw were survivors, those who had graduated from starvation to malnutrition. The great dying was ending. Indonesia's belated call to the world community for help had been answered, largely by the United States, which had also furnished most of the weapons that Indonesia used for its invasion-although the United States intended that these weapons be used only for Indonesia's sell-defense.

Indonesia's hold on East Timor is secure, but its annexation of the former Portuguese colony has not been recognized by a majority of members of the United Nations. In last year's voting on the annual question in the United Nations General Assembly, only 35 countries, including the United States, sided with Jakarta. But there is no fire in the annual debate; East Timor is too remote, it seems, to deserve serious attention. It was a backwater even of the Portuguese empire that collapsed after the Lisbon revolution of 1974. An island divided when the Portuguese and Dutch clashed there in the 17th century, Timor had remained colonized-if not pacified-more from force of habit than for any benefit it offered to its conquerors. West Timor became part of independent Indonesia with the rest of the Dutch East Indies in 1949.

Indonesia's invasion of East Timor, occurring in the same year as the Communist victories in Indochina, never became a major issue in the world, but in the United States and Australia small groups ,.~-:-::.:::-: ~ in universities continue to protest their Gov .. .:-nments' acquiescence in the act of force.

There is substance to these protests, even if, at their most extreme, they degenerate into hyperbole-accusations of "genocide" rather than mass deaths from cruel warfare and the starvation that accompanied it on this historically foodshort island, of American complicity rather than acquiescence. True, President Gerald R. Ford and Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger visited President Suharto in Jakarta on the eve of the airborne and naval invasion, but there is no evidence that they discussed with him the impending attack. Indonesia, vast, populous, rich in petroleum and strategic minerals, and emphatically anti-Communist, is deemed too valuable a friend by the West to risk offending it for having committed aggression and Anschluss against so minor a land and people.

The progress toward oblivion has been advanced by East Timor's isolation from the world, and by the primitive condition in which Portugal left it, with only a minute fraction of its preannexation population of about 650,000 educated in the colonizer's language and fewer still in any other. Little is known about events in East Timor since the invasion, because Indonesia has reinforced its newest province's isolation, and the bulk of the testimony has come from highly partisan members or supporters of

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Fretilin, the Revolutionary Front of East Timor, which governed for four months until the Indonesian onslaught and whose armed resistance lingers on. The vast majority of East Timorese have suffered mutely and passively.

East Timor's descent into the abyss began on Aug. 11, 1975, when the people of Dill awoke to the sight of armed men patrolling the streets of their torpid colonial capital. The Timorese Democratic Union <U.D.T.> had staged a coup against the colonial Government. Four days later, the Central Committee of Fretilin, U.D.T.'s principal rival, announced from the mountains behind Dill, to which most of its members had fled, "a general armed insurrection against all traitors and enemies of the people.''

In the final act of futility that had marked more than four centuries of Portuguese rule, the Governor and his administration abandoned the East Timorese to chaos and civil war and embarked, under the cover of the waning night of Aug. 26-27, for the safety of the offshore island of Atauro. Their arms remained to fuel the battle-most of the army's weapons going to Fretilln, the most left-wing of the three parties formed in the heady aftermath of Portugal's revolution, and those of the pollee to U.D.T., the gradualists who ostensibly favored slow progress to independence under Portugal's aegis.

What followed U.D.T.'s disastrous "whiff of grapeshot" can be summarized: Fretilin made good its armed insurrection. By the end of August it had gained control of Dill. Before September ended, it had driven most of the U.D.T. forces into Indonesian West Timor in disarray. Indonesia made clear its unwillingness to accept Fretilin rule by early October, striking with full military force to seize three towns across the international border. But except for this strip, Fretilin controlled East Timor insofar as any central force can exercise a hold over the forbiddingly mountainous and largely roadless interior.

In mid-November, Indonesian forces once more began to edge eastward. Late on the afternoon of Nov. 28, when the sea breeze usually lightens the humid air that lies heavy over the plaza between the Governor's palace and Dill's waterfront, Fretilin brought down for the last time the Portuguese flag that it had left flying despite t~e Government's desertion, and proclaimed the Democratic Republic of East Timor.

Two days later, on the Indonesian side of the border, leaders of U.D.T. and Apodetithe third major party that sprang up after the revolution in Portugal, and which espoused joining Indonesia-presented Adam Malik, then Jakarta's Foreign Minister, with a declaration of integration. On the morning of Dec. 7, Indonesian paratroopers landed in Dill and Baucau, the territory's second largest town, landing craft discharged waves of soldiers on the beaches and troops poured across the frontier. Fretilln resistance was heavy, and on Christmas day, Indonesia, a nation of 135 million, brought ashore massive reinforcements.

When 1975 ended, Fretilin had been driven into the interior with much of the civilian population, but it had salvaged much of its fighting strength and leadership. A new phase of warfare began, witnessed only by those who did battle and by their victims. Indonesia banned the press-this continues with rare and closely shadowed exceptions to this day-as it proceeded with the task of "pacifying" its new possession. Word filtered back to Jakarta that fighting

February 23, 1981 and casualties were heavy, that much of the population remained in the mountains with Fretilin and that the East Timorese were suffering.

Early in 1978, reports began to circulate in the Indonesian capital that a possibly decisive turn had occurred and large numbers of East Timorese were fleeing to Indonesianheld areas, telling of waning Fretilin control and, more importantly, critical shortages of food and medicines. Their physical appearance bore witness to this.

By September of that year, Indonesia felt the tide had turned sufficiently in its favor to invite a large party of ambassadors and journalists to visit Dill and nearby sites where recent refugees from the mountains had been gathered. What the group saw and heard convinced most of its members that famine and illness of frightening proportions were abroad in East Timor.

Fully a year later, the first international aid shipments reached the island. Tens of thousands had died, before and during that wasted year. How many? Figures as frightful as 200,000 have been advanced. An Indonesian census, recently completed but not made public, puts the population at 552,000. This would be more than 100,000 fewer East Timorese than the last published Portuguese statistics, dating to 1974, showed

The belated relief effort, by all accounts, has been effective, and East Timorese are no longer dying of hunger or untreated ills. Indonesia ordered the two international relief groups that it allowed to work in East Timor to wind up their emergency operations at the end of last year.

Those are the bare bones of the East Timor story-but crucial questions remain unanswered. Why did the East Timorese elite, whatever its political differences, drive the colony so quickly into murderous civil war? Why did Portugal abandon East Timor before any pressure had been exerted on its administration and forces? Why did Indonesia intervene so heavy-handedly?

On my first visit to East Timor, during the final week of peace before the coup in August 1975, Dill and its surroundings presented an aspect reminiscent of the other Portuguese colonies in the aftermath of the Lisbon revolution. I saw in Dill, as I had in Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, gross underdevelopment, unrelieved as it was in Angola and Mozambique by glossy capital cities with huge slums. The paved roads of the capital petered out into dirt tracks even closer to the dusty town than in the larger African possessions. Instead of slums, there were clusters of flimsy shacks, grafted onto the edges of Dill, that housed the indigenous population.

When I visited one of these at midday, families were eating their meal, a mash of boiled tubers topped with some greens and spiced with chilies. What had they eaten in the morning? The same, they said through my interpreter. And what would the next meal be? The same. On the Indonesian side of the island, I had been told by a West German doctor who had been there for two years that the population was chronically malnourished, living on a diet very short on proteins, although on both sides of the border cattle were plentiful and the unfished ocean swarmed with protein-rich seafood. It is a measure of Dutch and Portugese colonial neglect that the East Timorese were never taught to take advantage, in any systematic way, of the food sources available. Even in times of peace, with the populations pursuing their generally seminomadic way of life, 'Timor and the other islands of

February 23, 1981 the Lesser Sunda group are victims of frequent crop failures and spells of hunger.

The Portuguese Governor of East Timor, Col. Mario Lemos Pires, received me graciously in a comfortable comer of his huge office, guarded by two East Timorese in glistening white uniforms and feathered headdresses who flashed swords and smiles. He was of the new breed, a military man sent after the revolution to oversee decolonization. It would not be easy here, he said. In East Timor, there was not just one liberation movement to which Portugal could hand over its authority, but three relatively large ones and two minor groups, all newly formed. _,

East Timor had three options and would have to exercise a choice, Colonel Pires's assistant for political affairs, Maj. Francisco Mota, said. They were immediate independence, gradual progression toward freedom under Portuguese guidance or integration with Indonesia. He did not think the last had much support. The Portugese Army's last remaining task was to maintain order and educate the East Timorese to exercise their choice before many more months.

I was directed to Fretilin headquarters to look for some of its leaders. They were in the countryside educating villagers, I was informed by a group of friendly youths in their teens and 20's, milling about a hut under a big tree at the edge of town. The boys inquired about my nationality and expressed admiration for the United States based largely on Muhammad Ali and blue jeans, which some were proudly wearing. They sheepishly sang a song when asked about Fretilin, and my interpreter, a man sympathetic to the Portuguese revolution, said he could not follow its meaning. One teen-ager had the names of Marx and Lenin tattooed on his forearm. He and his friends giggled when asked about their significance, and giggled again when asked why they were giggling.

I had met the U.D.T.leadership at the airport in Kupang, the capital of West Timor, awaiting the plane that took them and me to Dill. Surprisingly, for an independence movement committed to a residual Portuguese role until East Timor eventually gained its freedom, the three leaders seemed in close harmony with the senior, uniformed Indonesian officials seeing them off. They had been to Jakarta, they told me on the plane, and had been cordially received by a number of ministers. They had also visited Macao, Taiwan, Japan and Australia. The 34-year-old U.D.T. president, Francisco Xavier Lopes da Cruz, a grave and heavily bearded man, asked me to dinner at his house the following night.

His house was simple, befitting a minor customs official. He explained his movement and the others, discounting Apodeti because, he said, integration, although he would accept it if it were the people's choice, was unpopular. He described Fretilin as a divided movement. The established leaders, Francisco xavier do Amaral (his senior in the customs department, who had completed his education for the priesthood and whom he described as a friend) and Nicolau Lobato, were Roman Catholics, but others, students who had returned from Lisbon after the revolution, were full of Communist, even Maoist, ideas and rhetoric.

. A coalition between Fretilin and U.D.T. had broken apart, said Mr. Lopes, and Fretilin people in the hills had taken to beating up U.D.T. members and breaking up their rallies. "Maybe we'll have to teach them a lesson," he said as a parting remark.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Two days later, Mr. Lopes staged his futile

coup, providing the impulse for the Fretilin countercoup and the Indonesian intervention. In November, Mr. Lopes was among those petitioning Indonesia to accept East Timor into its republic. When I visited Dill last year, Mr. Lopes was Deputy Governor, living in a luxurious house, and the new owner of a 20-acre coffee plantation. I wondered, after the fact, whether he had struck a deal with Jakarta to create the conditions for annexation.

The recent publication in Australia of a series of secret diplomatic documents-later suppressed by the Government-sheds some light on this question. In a situation summary for the Australian Foreign Minister, senior aides wrote: "Other very delicate sources <which are being brought to your attention separately) suggest that U.D.T. acted with at least some fore-knowledge of the [Indonesian] state intelligence coordination body."

The summary continues by noting that the Dill radio under U.D.T. control was appealing to Southeast Asian nations to send help, including armed forces, and it concludes: "The broadcasts provide the pretext for Indonesian intervention in Portuguese Timor. All this stops well short of proof of Indonesian collusion with U.D.T. But if the Indonesians were intending to intervene, they could have hardly stage-managed the scene any better."

The presumption of a link between Indonesian military intelligence and U.D.T. is paralleled by the persistent allegation, made by East Timorese hostile to Indonesia but not affiliated with Fretilin, that Major Mota and a colleague from the Portuguese Armed Forces Movement, Maj. Silverio Jonatas, collaborated with Fretilin in order to 1:-ring about immediate independence, thus freeing Lisbon from costly further responsibility in the decolonization process. Friends of Fretilin do not deny the closeness between the most radical Fretilin leaders and the two Portuguese majors, and Fretilin's quick access to most of the arms and munitions stores of the Portuguese military provides additional evidence.

Dispatches from Australia's Ambassador in Jakarta, Richard A. Woolcott, provide the most revealing insights into the American position as Indonesian intervention drew near. Reporting on Aug. 17, the envoy cabled: "[United States Ambassador to Indonesia David D.l Newsom told me last night that he is under instructions from Kissinger personally not to involve himself with the Indonesians on the grounds that the United States is involved in enough problems of greater importance overseas at present. The State Department has, we understand, instructed the embassy to cut down its reporting on Timor.

"I will be seeing Newsom on Monday but his present attitude is that the United States should keep out of the Portuguese Timor situation and allow events to take their course. His somewhat cynical comment to me was that if Indonesia were to intervene the United States would hope they would do so 'effectively, quickly and not use our equipment.' "

The Australian dispatches also illustrate what was probably Indonesia's principal motivation for intervention: the fear of President Suharto, and the military officers around him, of Communism. The cables report conversations with Ambassador Newsom, in which Gen. Yoga Sugama, director of state intelligence, suggested that U.D.T. was pro-Moscow and Fretilin pro-

2765 Peking. Mr. Newsom tried, and failed, to persuade General Sugama that Portuguese socialism, with which the general linked U.D.T., was strongly anti-Communist.

The cables also report that Ambassador Newsom warned General Sugama that the use of American arms in East Timor could endanger future military assistance, and that he hinted it would provoke a negative reaction in Congress. Mr. Newsom's analysis proved correct. Such criticism of the invasion as was heard from the United States arose in Congress, where committee hearings continue to provide a forum for views critical of Indonesia. From the outset, the Administration of President Ford declared its acceptance of the Indonesian action, while conceding that the East Timorese had not been given an opportunity for an act of self -determination.

Officials at the American Embassy in Jakarta, now headed by Ambassador Edward E. Masters, profess not to remember or never to have known what their predecessors reported in 1975. Explaining the American position, which was limited to halting the weapons flow for six months, embassy officials cite reasons of state. Indonesia, they point out, is a valued ally, a third-world country that takes pro-Western positions, a founder-member of the nonaligned movement that is sternly anti-Communist, and an important petroleum producer <accounting for 5 percent of American imports> that does not, they say, use the commodity as a political weapon. Indonesia is also described as a Moslem nation that is not hostile, a reliable supplier of several raw materials, a country in which American investment exceeds $4 billion and which is strategically situated athwart vital air and sea routes between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

American officials show signs of embarrassment when asked why the United States takes so lenient a view of the annexation of East Timor when Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia and creation of puppet government, stopping short of outright annexation, have met with such strong American opposition on the ground of violation of principles of international conduct.

As in Vietnamese-occupied Cambodia, the East Timorese use every possible occasion to make a foreigner aware of their unhappiness over foreign occupation. In the more than four years since my previous visit, East Timor had become a country broken in body and spirit. The 1978 Indonesian offensivein which American-supplied aircraft played a major role-had reduced Fretilin to a handful of guerrillas and brought the people down from the hills to the coast, famished, sick, naked or in rags.

Indonesia initi8.lly turned a deaf ear to Western requests to be allowed to bring in aid. Finally, in January 1979, Adam Malik, now Indonesia's Vice President, told Bishop Edwin Broderick, executive director of the American organization, Catholic Relief Services, that it could begin a program of food and medical assistance.

But bureaucratic delays, typical in Indonesia, put off the first survey of needs by Francis X. Carlin, Catholic Relief's director in that country, until May. What he saw continues to haunt Mr. Carlin, a Philadelphian with long experience in Asia .

"The first group I saw ... about 120 of them ... were just down on the floor with all that they owned, which didn't amount to anything. The military had given them some com. Their bellies were bloated, their eyes huge and empty, their limbs scrawny.

2766 Their skin was dry and scaly, and they were unbelievably dirty.

"Hunger was killing not just the very young or the very old, but it was so bad there it was killing those in the prime of life. Many of that first group were definitely beyond recovery. Wherever we went afterward. people were skeletal and totally deprived of food and clothing. The Indonesian colonel with me said, 'Move fast.' I couldn't move fast enough."

The Moslem fasting month, when many services cease functioning in Indonesia, and what Mr. Carlin termed "internal delays" between Catholic Relief and the United States Government <which underwrote most of the assistance>. kept aid from arriving until September, a year after the ambassadors, including Mr. Masters, had seen the first victims.

The ill and the starved were on their way to recovery when I saw them because, Mr. Carlin said, those who could not be saved had died by then. But their spirits seemed permanently wounded. The faces of those in the large resettlement areas, where perhaps half of East Timor's population has been gathered-to provide necessary services, say the Indonesian authorities, to keep the people under control, say others-reflect the horrors of war, famine and military occupation.

The stories of some East Timorese who oppose Indonesian rule but are not affiliated with any of the East Timorese parties suggest a typical Southeast Asian war-in which cruelty knew few bounds and both sides pushed and pulled a largely unpolitical people in order to deny them to the "enemy." Eventually, the superior numbers and equipment of the invader suceeded in reducing Fretilin to perhaps 600 guerrillas who are still in the mountains-and still capable of sporadic attacks and thus of provoking Indonesian reprisals, arrests and mistreatment of innocent East Timorese.

"Above all, the people want more justice," a Timorese priest said recently. "They feel the moral injustice. Their rights are not respected. No one can talk. And they are worried about food. There is not enough land in the villages where they have to stay, and they havep't the health or the strength to make new fields. You have to eat to have strength."

The priest hesitated, then sadly resumed. "I think it is a situation beyond our force. I think it is the destiny of small countries. We have to accept."e

SENATE COMMITI'EE MEETINGS Title IV of Senate Resolution 4,

agreed to by the Senate on February 4, 1977. calls for establishment of a system for a computerized schedule of all meetings and hearings of Senate committees, subcommittees, joint committees, and committees of conference. This title requires all such committees to notify the Office of the Senate Daily Digest-designated by the Rules Committee-of the time, place, and purpose of the meetings, when scheduled, and any cancellations or changes in the meetings as they occur.

As an additional procedure along with the computerization of this information, the Office of the Senate Daily Digest will prepare this information for printing in the Extensions of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of each week.

Any changes in committee scheduling will be indicated by placement of an asterisk to the left of the name of the unit conducting such meetings.

Meetings scheduled for Tuesday. February 24, 1981, may be found in the Daily Digest of today's RECORD.

MEETINGS SCHEDULED

FEBRUARY25 8:30a.m.

Armed Services Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces

Subcommittee To resume closed hearings on proposed

authorizations for fiscal year 1982 for land-based deterrent programs of the Department of Defense.

212 Russell Building 9:00a.m.

Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit

tee To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for certain museum services, and Indian education programs.

1224 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit

tee To hold hearings on proposed recom

mendations of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and of the General Accounting Office on Intergovernmental Matters.

2228 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m.

Commerce, Science, and Transportation Aviation Subcommittee ·

To continue hearings on S. 508, authorizing funds through fiscal year 1985 for the airport development aid pro-gram.

235 Russell Building Governmental Affairs Permanent subcommittee on Investiga

tions To resume hearings on alleged corrup

tion in the International Longshoremen's Association's influence and control over the waterfront industry along the east and gulf coasts.

3302 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources

Business meeting, to consider its rules of procedure for the 97th Congress.

4232 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m.

Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on the conduct of

monetary policy. 5302 Dirksen Building

Environment and Public Works Transportation Subcommittee

To hold hearings to review those items in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the Federal Highway Administration.

4200 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations International Economic Polley Subcom

mittee . To hold hearings to examine current

U.S. interests in developing countries

February 23, 1981 and alternative strategies to advance U.S. interests.

4221 Dirksen Building Joint Economic

To resume hearings on the scope of monetary policy.


Select on Intelligence To meet in closed session to receive an

intelligence briefing. S-407, Capitol

2:00p.m. Appropriations Labor, Health and Human Services, and

Education Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Inspector General, Office for Civil Rights, policy research programs, and departmental management programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.

1114 Dirksen Building Joint on Printing

To hold an organizational business meeting.

S-151, Capitol

FEBRUARY26 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars; the National Capital Planning Commission, and the Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation Commission.

1224 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee

To hold hearings to review those items in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

4200 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga

tions To continue hearings on alleged corrup



Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Business meeting, to mark up S. 414,

permitting merchants to offer unlimited discounts to cash-paying customers, and providing a 3-year extension of law prohibiting merchants from penalizing credit card customers by imposing surcharges made by credit cards.

4232 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit

tee To continue hearings on proposed rec

ommendations of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and of the General Accounting Office on intergovernmental matters.

357 Russell Building

February 23, 1981 Special on Aging

Organizational business meeting, to consider its rules of procedure for the 97th Congress, and other pending committee business.

457 Russell Building 10:00 a.m.

Appropriations *Transportation and Related Agencies

Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Transportation Safety Board, and the Research and Special Programs Administration, Department of Transportation.

1318 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation

Communications Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 270, to provide

for the deregulation of the radio broadcasting industry.

235 Russell Building Joint Economic

To hold hearings on the scope of energy policy.

6226 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m.

Select on Ethics To further discuss proposed revisions to

the Senate Code of Official Conduct. 6228 Dirksen Building

FEBRUARY27 8:30a.m.

Armed Services Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces

Subcommittee To resume closed hearings on proposed

authorizations for fiscal year 1982 for land-based deterrent programs of the Department of Defense.

224 Russell Building 9:00a.m.

Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga

tions To continue hearings on alleged corrup



Commerce, Science, and Transportation Communications Subcommittee

To continue hearings on S. 270, to provide for the deregulation of the radio broadcasting industry.

235 Russell Building Environment and Public Works

To hold hearings to review those items in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the Public Buildings Service.

4200 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations International Economic Policy Subcom

mittee To resume hearings to examine current

U.S. interests in developing countries and alternative strategies to advance U.S. interests.


Appropriations Labor, Health and Human Services, and


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Office of Human Development Services, and for certain departmental management programs and the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education.

9:30a.m.

1114 Dirksen Building

MARCH2

Commerce, Science, and Transportation *Science, Technology, and Space Subcom

mittee To hold hearings to assess the Nation's

critical shortages of strategic materials and minerals and evaluate the impact of the National Materials and Minerals Policy, Research and DevelopmentAct.

235 Russell Building 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for elementary and secondary educational programs of the Department of Education.


MARCH3 9:00a.m.

Appropriations BUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the American Battle Monuments Commission, Army Cemeterial Expenses, the Office of Consumer Affairs, and the Consumer Information Center.

1224 Dirksen Building Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior.


Commerce, Science, and Transportation Science, Technology, and Space Subcom

mittee To hold hearings on proposed legislation

authorizing funds for fiscal year 1982 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for impact aid programs, and emergency school aid programs of the Department of Education.

1114 Dirksen Building Appropriations Transportation and Related Agencies Sub

committee To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Transportation; and the National Transportation Safety Board.

8-126, Capitol 11:30 a.m.

Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings to receive the Veterans

of Foreign Wars legislative recommendations for fiscal year 1982.

318 Russell Building

2767 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for library and learning resource programs and vocational and adult education programs of the Department of Education.

8;ao a.m.


MARCH4

*Governmental Affairs Oversight of Government Management

Subcommittee To hold hearings to review Govern

mentwide debarment and suspension practices.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Water Research and Technology, Department of the Interior, the Holocaust Memorial Commission, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

1318 Dirksen Builcllng 9:30a.m.

Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on S. 234, to encourage

the establishment of home health programs and to provide expanded coverage of home health services under the medicare and medicaid programs.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for educational, rehabilitation, and research programs for the handicapped of the Department of Education.

1114 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs

To resume hearings on the conduct of monetary policy.

5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Consumer Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed legislation authorizing funds for the U.S. Fire Administration of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

235 Russell Building Environment and Public Works Environmental Pollution Subcommittee

To hold hearings to review those items in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the Environmental Protection Agency.

4200 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m . .



timates for fiscal year 1982 for certain student financial assistance programs of the Department of Education.


2768 Environment and Public Works Environmental Pollution Subcommittee

To hold hearings to review those items in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.


MARCH5 9:30a.m.


mittee To resume hearings on proposed legisla

tion authorizing funds for fiscal year 1982 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

235 Russell Building Governmental Affairs Oversight of Government Management

Subcommittee To continue hearings to review Govern

mentwide debarment and suspension practices.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for certain school improvement programs, special institutions, and Howard University of the Department of Education.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the Department of Transportation.

1224 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Regional and Community Development

Subcommittee To hold hearings to review those items

in the President's budget for fiscal year 1982 which fall within its legislative jurisdiction and consider recommendations which it will make thereon to the Budget Committee, receiving testimony from officials of the Economic Development Administration, Appalachian Regional Commission <title V>, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Institute of Education, fund for the improvement of postsecondary education, educational statistics, educational research and training activities overseas of the Department of Education.

10:00 a.m.


MARCH6

Environment and Public Works To hold hearings on proposed legislation

establishing public buildings policies for the Federal Government, perma-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS nently establishing the Public Buildings Services in the General Services Administration, authorizing funds for fiscal year 1982 for the construction, renovation, and maintenance of public buildings and related activities of the Public Buildings Service.


MARCH9 10:00 a.m.

Environment and Public Works To resume hearings on proposed legisla

tion establishing public buildings policies for the Federal Government, permanently establishing the Public Buildings Services in the General Services Administration authorizing funds for fiscal year 1982 for the construction, renovation, and maintenance of public buildings and related activities of the Public Buildings Service.


MARCH 10 9:00a.m.

Appropriations HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Institute of Building Science, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, National Credit Union Administration, and the Office of Revenue Sharing <NYC>.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for Indian health service programs, and the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior.








timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Community Services Administration.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for Administration, Research and Special Programs and the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Transportation.

8-126, Capitol Environment and Public Works

Business meeting, to consider those matters and programs which fall within the Committee's jurisdiction with a view to submitting its views and budgetary recommendations to the Committee on the Budget by March 15.


February 23, 1981 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the National Labor Relations Board, the National Mediation Board, the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, and the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.


MARCH11 10:00 a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Railroad Retirement Board, domestic operations programs of ACTION, and the Soldiers' and Airmen's Home.

1114 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works

Business meeting, to continue consideration of those matters and programs which fall within the Committee's jurisdiction with a view to submitting its views and budgetary recommendations to the Committee on the Budget by March 15.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, and the President's Commission on Ethical Problems in Medicine.


MARCH12 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, Department of the Interior.






Appropriations Transportation and Related Agencies Sub


timates for fiscal year 1982 for Civil Aeronautics Board, Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority <Metro>.

1318 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works

To mark up proposed legislation establishing public buildings policies for the Federal Government, permanently es-

February 23, 1981 tablishing the Public Buildings Services in the General Services Administration, authorizing funds for fiscal year 1982 for the construction, renovation, and maintenance of public buildings and related activities of the Public Buildings Services.


MARCH16 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education.


MARCH 17 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1981 for the Veterans' Administration.





10:00 a.m. 235 Russell Building


Education Subcommittee To continue hearing on proposed budgE't.

estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the Department of Transportation.

2:00p.m. 1114 Dirksen Building


Education Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed

budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education.


MARCH18 10:00 a.m.



budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and.Education.






EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MARCH19

10:00 a.m. Appropriations Labor, Health and Human Services, and





timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation <Amtrak).






MARCH20 9:30a.m.

Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on proposed legislation

authorizing funds for certain public health categorical programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.

2769 1982 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

235 Russell Building Labor and Human Resources Labor Subcommittee

To continue hearings on S. 348, to increase job opportunity by allowing employers to pay young people the minimum wage at a reduced rate.


MARCH26 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Department of the Interior and certain related agencies.



authorizing funds for certain public health professional education and nurse training programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.


MARCH27

10:00 a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m.





MARCH23 9:30a.m.


authorizing funds for national centers for health statistics of the Department of Health and Human Services.


MARCH24 9:30a.m.

Labor and Human Resources Labor Subcommittee

To hold hearings on S. 348, to increase job opportunity by allowing employers to pay young people the minimum wage at a reduced rate.


MARCH25 9:00a.m.

Appropriations . Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for alternative fuel programs and the Economic Regulatory Administration, Department of Energy




tion authorizing funds for fiscal year

Labor and Human Resources To resume hearings on proposed legisla

tion authorizing funds for certain public health categorical programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.


MARCH31 10:00 a.m.

Appropriations Treasury, Postal Service and General

Government Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Management and Budget.

S-146, Capitol 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the White ;House Office, Office of Administration, official residence of the Vice President, executive residence, special assistance to the President, compensation of the President, and other unanticipated needs.

S-146, Capitol

APRIL 1 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 and for the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Selective Service System.

S-126, Capitol

2770 Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit

tee To hold hearings on proposed budget esti

mates for fiscal year 1982 for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior.



authorizing funds for certain adolescent pregnancy programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Secretary of the Treasury.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of the Secretary, international affairs programs, Bureau of the Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and Bureau of Government Financial Operations of the Department of the Treasury.

9:00a.m. Appropriations


APRIL 2

Interior and Related Agencies Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Department of the Interior; and the Smithsonian Institution.


Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings to receive legislative

recommendations for fiscal year 1982 from officials of Paralyzed Veterans of America, Blinded Veterans Association, Military Order of the Purple Heart, and Veterans of World War I.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the U.S. Postal Service.

S-146, Capitol 11:00 a.m.

Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings to receive legislative

recommendations for fiscal year 1982 from AMVETS.

412 Russell Building 2:00p.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the U.S. CUstoms Service, U.S. Secret Service, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

S-146, Capitol

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS APRIL7

10:00 a.m. Appropriations Treasury, Postal Service and General


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the General Services Administration.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Personnel Management, Merit Systems Protection Board and Special Counsel, Federal Labor Relations Authority, Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, Commission on Executive, Legislative and Judicial Salaries, and the President's Commission on Pension Policy.


1318 Dirksen Building APRILS

HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Council on Environmental Quality, and the National Regulatory Council.

S-126, Capitol Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of the Secretary and the Office of the Solicitor, Department of the Interior.


Labor and Human Resources · To hold hearings on proposed legislation

authorizing funds for certain health maintenance organizations of the Department of Health and Human Services.

4232 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Administrative Conference of the United States, Federal Elections Commission. Office of Federal Procurement Policy, Domestic Policy Staff, U.S. Tax Court, and the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped.



APRIL9

Interior and Related Agencies Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimat.es for fiscal year 1982 for strategic petroleum reserve programs, the Energy Information Administration, and naval petroleum reserve programs, Department of Energy.


February 23, 1981 10:00 a.m.


Government Subcommittee To hold he.arings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Internal Revenue Service, and the savings bond division of the Bureau of the Public Debt.




timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Council of Economic Advisers, National Security Council, and the Council on Wage and Price Stability.


APRIL 21 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for Forest Service programs, the Office of the Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, and the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation.


Labor and Human Resources To resume hearings on alleged sex dis

crimination in the workplace. 4232 Dirksen Building

10:00 a.m. Appropriations District of Columbia Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Columbia.



APRIL22

HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Environmental Protection Agency.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of the Secretary of Energy.



authorizing funds for certain community /migrant health centers and the National Health Service Corps of the Department of Health and Human Services.

10:00 a.m. Appropriations


APRIL23

District of Columbia Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget

estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Columbia.


February 23, 1981 APRIL28

9:00a.m. Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Hu

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MAY7

9:00a.m. Appropriations Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for conservation and fossil energy programs.

1223 Dirksen Building manities.

10:00 a.m. 1114 Dirksen Building w:~p~:~iations

Appropriations District of Columbia Subcommittee

To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Columbia.


APRIL 29 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Consumer Cooperative Bank, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission.


APRIL30 9:00a.m.

Appropriations

District of Columbia SUbcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget

estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Columbia.


MAY12 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.



To resume hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Colum

2771 MAY20

9:00a.m. Appropriations HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommit


timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

· 1224 Dirksen Building

MAY21 9:00a.m.


tee _To continue hearings on proposed

budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation.

10:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building


To resume hearings on proposed budget estimate§. for- fiscal year 1982 for the government of the District of Columbia.


JUNE2 9:00a.m.


tee HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommit

tee

bia. 1114 Dirksen Building- To hold hearings on proposed budget es-

. t-imates for fiscal year 1982 for the De, To hold hearings on proposed budget es

timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Science Foundation.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.




- 1224 Dirksen Building

MAY5 10:00 a.m.




MAY6 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.


MAY13 9:00a.m.



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Commission of Fine Arts, the National Gallery of Art, and the Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior.


1223 Dirksen Building MAY14

Interior and Related Agencies Subcommittee .

To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1982 for the Office of Territorial Affairs, Department of the Interior.





MAY19 10:00 a.m.




partment of Housing and Urban Development, and certain independent agencies.

10:00 a.m.


CANCELLATIONS

FEBRUARY25



timates for fiscal year 1982 for the Social Security Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services.

1114 Dirksen Building Budget

Business -meeting, to continue markup of proposed revisions to the Second Concurrent Budget Resolution for fiscal year 1981.


FEBRUARY26 10:00 a.m.

Budget Business meeting, to continue markup

of proposed revisions to the Second Concurrent Budget Resolution for fiscal year 1981.


FEBRUARY27 10:00 a.m.

Budget Business meeting, to continue markup

of proposed revisions to the Second Concurrent Budget Resolution for fiscal year 1981.


HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 23, 1981

Documents

Transcript of HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 23, 1981