1 Authors of the letter include members of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Ozone Review Panel from the 2009 to 2015 review of the primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone, as well as two former chairs and ten former members of the chartered CASAC.

2 Frey, H.C., Diez Roux, A.V., Allen, G., et al., Advice from the former U.S. EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory

Committee Ozone Review Panel on EPA's Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants (External Review Draft – September 2019), and EPA's Policy Assessment for the Review of the Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (External Review Draft – October 2019), submitted to Hon. Andrew Wheeler, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and to Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–ORD–2018–0274 and Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2018–0279, December 2, 2019. Accessed at https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf//B2AF0B23ABE6A60E852584C4007312E3/$File/EPA+CASAC+O3+Re view+ISA+PA+Letter+191202+Final.pdf

3 85 FR 49830 at p. 49850. 4 Institute of Medicine. Toward Environmental Justice: Research, Education, and Health Policy Needs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999; O’Neill MS, Jerrett M, Kawachi I, et al. Health, wealth, and air pollution: Advancing theory and methods. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:1861-1870; Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M, DeLuca P, et al. Relation between income, air pollution and mortality: A cohort study. CMAJ. 2003;169:397-402; Zeka A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Short term effects of particulate matter on cause specific mortality: effects of lags and modification by city characteristics. Occup Environ Med. 2006;62:718- 725. 5 American Lung Association. Urban air pollution and health inequities: A workshop report. Environ Health Perspect. 2001; 109 (suppl 3): 357-374. 6 Apelberg BJ, Buckley TJ, White RH. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in cancer risk from air toxics in Maryland. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:693-699. 7 Nardone A, Casey JA, Morello-Frosch R, Mujahid M, Balmes JR, Thakur N. Associations between historical residential redlining and current age-adjusted rates of emergency department visits due to asthma across eight cities in California: an ecological study. Lancet Planet Health. 2020;4(1):e24-e31. 8 Bell ML, Dominici F. Effect modification by community characteristics on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and mortality in 98 US communities. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:986-997.

9 Cakmak, S; Dales, RE; Judek, S. (2006b). Respiratory health effects of air pollution gases: Modification by

education and income. Arch Environ Occup Health 61: 5-10; Burra, TA; Moineddin, R; Agha, MM; Glazier, RH.

(2009). Social disadvantage, air pollution, and asthma physician visits in Toronto, Canada. Environ Res 109: 567-

574. 10 Miranda ML, Edwards SE, Keating MH, Paul CJ. Making the environmental justice grade: The relative burden of air pollution exposure in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:1755-1771. 11 https://www.lung.org/getmedia/ffc022b1-ec37-4867-b9a2-af5d8ec578b2/national-health-and-medical.pdf.pdf 12 Frey, H.C., et al., CASAC Review of the EPA’s Second Draft Policy Assessment for the Review of the Ozone

National Ambient Air Quality Standards, submitted to Hon. Gina McCarthy, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-CASAC-14-004, June 26, 2014. Accessed at https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/5EFA320CCAD326E885257D030071531C/$File/EPA-CASAC-14- 004+unsigned.pdf 13 Id., at ii. 14 Id. (emphasis supplied.)

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15 Id. 16 U.S. EPA, Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants (Final Report), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R20/012, 2020. Available at https://www.epa.gov/isa/integrated-science-assessment-isa-ozone-and-related-photochemical-oxidants.

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17 Jerrett M, Burnett RT, et al. Long-term ozone exposure and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2009: 1085-1095. 18 Lin S, Liu X, Le LH, and Hwang S-A. Chronic exposure to ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions among children. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116:1725-1730. 19 Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, and Gilliland F. Ozone, oxidant defense genes, and risk of asthma during adolescence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009; 177(4):388-395. 20 Salam MT, Millstein J, Li YF, Lurmann FW, Margolis HG, Gilliland FD. Birth outcomes and prenatal exposure to ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter: Results from the Children's Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113: 1638-1644; Morello-Frosch R, Jesdale BM, Sadd JL, Pastor M. Ambient air pollution exposure and full-term birth weight in California. Environ Health. 2010; 9: 44. 21 U.S. EPA, 2020, Section 6-22. 22 Di Q, Wang Y, Zanobetti A, et al. Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376:2513-2522. 23 Galizia A, Kinney PL. Year-round residence in areas of high ozone: Association with respiratory health in a

nationwide sample of nonsmoking young adults. Environ Health Perspect. 1999; 107: 675-679. 24 Peters JM, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, Linn WS, Navidi W, London SJ, Margolis H, Rappaport E, Vora H, Gong H,

Thomas DC. A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II: Effects on pulmonary function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159: 768-775.

25 Parker JD, Akinbami LJ, Woodruff TJ. Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Allergies in the United States. Environ Health Perspect. 2009; 117:140-147.