Guidance for Subsea Source Control Competency and Skills

Guidance for Subsea Source Control Competency and Skills

MARCH2021

REPORT

591

AcknowledgementsIOGP-IPIECA Report 591 - Guidance for Subsea Source Control Competency and Skills was prepared by the Subsea Well Response and Source Control Subcommittee, part of IOGP’s Wells Expert Committee (WEC). Established in June 2011, the WEC has become the global voice of operators and a relevant and effective technical authority on the prevention and mitigation of high consequence well control events. The Subsea Well Response and Source Control Subcommittee (SWRSC) was formed in 2017 under the leadership and guidance of the WEC. SWRSC aims to be a centralized source of industry knowledge and shared experience in subsea well response and source control, to support IOGP Members and the broader exploration and production industry engaged in subsea activity, and to provide a forum for industry to identify technical areas where further development may be warranted. Further thanks is owed to the WEC’s Competency and Training Subcommittee (CTSC), which reviewed this report and provided recommendations for its publication.

Front cover photography used with permission courtesy of © Maersk Oil -Photographer Morten Larsen and © OSRL

AboutThis report was developed to share guidance with those interested in understanding subsea well response competency and the skills that sit within it. This report focuses on Source Control Branch workers and provides guidance that enhances an already established skillset, such as a Drilling Superintendent or Subsea Operations Manager. The contents of this report target response organization leaders and not individual contributors. Competency is an element of organizational preparedness and builds on IOGP Report 594 - Source Control Emergency Response Planning Guide for Subsea Wells.

Topics addressed in this report include:• Defining a general subsea well response organization and the roles within it• Identifying common or general incident management fundamentals that could be of interest to the

subsea response organization• Identifying specific technical skills that subsea responders would benefit from• Describing the level of skill that is recommended for given response position • Defining the content that make up the skill• Provide a detailed overview of the response organization roles, responsibilities, and deliverables

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IOGP welcomes feedback on our reports: [email protected]

Disclaimer

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, neither IOGP nor any of its Members past present or future warrants its accuracy or will, regardless of its or their negligence, assume liability for any foreseeable or unforeseeable use made thereof, which liability is hereby excluded. Consequently, such use is at the recipient’s own risk on the basis that any use by the recipient constitutes agreement to the terms of this disclaimer. The recipient is obliged to inform any subsequent recipient of such terms.

Please note that this publication is provided for informational purposes and adoption of any of its recommendations is at the discretion of the user. Except as explicitly stated otherwise, this publication must not be considered as a substitute for government policies or decisions or reference to the relevant legislation relating to information contained in it.

Where the publication contains a statement that it is to be used as an industry standard, IOGP and its Members past, present, and future expressly disclaim all liability in respect of all claims, losses or damages arising from the use or application of the information contained in this publication in any industrial application.

Any reference to third party names is for appropriate acknowledgement of their ownership and does not constitute a sponsorship or endorsement.

Copyright notice

The contents of these pages are © International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Permission is given to reproduce this report in whole or in part provided (i) that the copyright of IOGP and (ii) the sources are acknowledged. All other rights are reserved. Any other use requires the prior written permission of IOGP.

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Revision history

VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS

1.0 March 2021 First release

MARCH2021

REPORT

591

Introduction 6

1. Source Control Organization 8

2. Skills Matrix 11

2.1 ICS/IMS Awareness 122.2 Stakeholder Communication 122.3 Human Factors Awareness 132.4 Emergency Management 142.5 Oil Spill Response 142.6 Subsea Well Response Awareness 142.7 Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in 152.8 Estimating Worst Case Discharge (WCD) and Impacts 152.9 Subsea Well Integrity (SSWI) Engineering 152.10 Deployment and Landing Methods Engineering 162.11 Offset or Unconventional Landing Methods 172.12 SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight) 172.13 SSDI Operations 172.14 Plumes: Modelling, HSE and DP Process Safety 182.15 Flowback Operations 19

3. Descriptions of Source Control Branch positions 20

3.1 Source Control Branch Director 203.1.1 Deputy Source Control Branch Director 223.1.2 SIMOPS Supervisor 233.1.3 Well Control Leader 24

3.2 Relief Well Group Supervisor 253.2.1 Well Construction Unit Leader 263.2.2 Well Interception Unit Leader 273.2.3 Well Kill Unit Leader 283.2.4 Rig Operations Unit Leader 29

3.3 Well Intervention Group Supervisor 303.3.1 Well Intervention Unit Leader 323.3.2 Operations Unit Leader 33

Contents

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3.4 Capping Group Supervisor 343.4.1 Subsea Survey Unit Leader 363.4.2 BOP Intervention Unit Leader 373.4.3 Subsea Dispersant Unit Leader 383.4.4 Debris Clearance Unit Leader 393.4.5 Capping Operations Unit Leader 403.4.6 Offset Installation Unit Leader 42

3.5 Containment Group Supervisor 433.5.1 Subsea Layout Unit Leader 453.5.2 Subsea Foundations Unit Leader 463.5.3 Hydrate Inhibition Unit Leader 473.5.4 Subsea Flowlines Unit Leader 483.5.5 Riser System Unit Leader 493.5.6 Capture Vessel Unit Leader 513.5.7 Containment Operations Unit Leader 53

3.6 Engineering Group Supervisor 553.6.1 Geosciences Unit Leader 573.6.2 Drilling Engineering Unit Leader 583.6.3 ROV Unit Leader 593.6.4 Flow Assurance Unit Leader 603.6.5 Marine Unit Leader 61

Glossary of Terms 62

Acronyms 63

References 64

Further Reading 65


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Introduction

The IOGP WEC believes the focus of exploration and production should primarily be on preventing blowouts and that adequate preparation to respond to a subsea blowout scenario is essential to reduce the release of hydrocarbons to the environment.

IOGP Report 594 - Source Control Emergency Response Planning Guide for Subsea Wells provides high level guidance on how a Source Control Incident Management Team (IMT) can be structured. The model described was developed under the auspices of the United States Incident Command System (ICS) whose principles have largely been adopted by the industry and referred to as an Incident Management System (IMS)1. This report takes the organizational work a step further and provides more detail around the positions within the response organization and describes the skills specific to subsea well response that would benefit a group or activity leader therein.

Subsea well response does have some specific and unique considerations that do not always come into daily work life or established training and technical development programs. This Report aims to provide a reference point by identifying a set of skills that may be considered helpful to support a subsea well response, and details the expectations and suggested training for those skills. Moreover, an effective subsea well response requires a multidisciplinary team approach and a bringing together of skills that do not necessarily work alongside each other on a daily basis. To this end, having an awareness of adjacent participants’ activities and their needs can be of benefit.

A response organization is similar to a project delivery team. Leaders do not necessarily require a deep and detailed technical skill set, but they do need to understand the process and have a sufficiently good understanding of relevant activity(s) so as to understand interactions, what needs doing, how to ask the right questions, and define priorities.

This Report aims to support operators with useful information to develop a competency framework by defining the typical skills needed to support a subsea well response. There are several approaches that can be taken for delivering skills. This report does not attempt to define how the skills are delivered, but rather, breaks down the competency into specific skills and suggests content.

The report is structured in three distinct parts: • The first part presents a typical Subsea Source Control Branch organization and forms the

basis for this report’s discussion and guidance. • The second part comprises of a competency matrix capturing the recommended skills that are

specific to each role within the response organization. • The third part describes in detail the scope of the various roles in the Source Control Branch,

their job description summary, key tasks or responsibilities, reporting line, the type of professional role that would typically fill this position and specific skills identified in the skills matrix. This additional detail is provided to help identify the person with the right kind of experience for the position.

1 For more information, please see IOGP-IPIECA Report 517 – Incident management system for the oil and gas industry.

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This effort will enhance response readiness, help each organization identify, maintain, and train a pool of competent incident-ready responders. At a wider scale, the standardisation of the Source Control Branch structures or roles within the structure will facilitate mutual aid between operators, either during exercises or a real event should the need arise.

This Report does not assert that a response would fail if any of its recommendations are modified or not followed.

Disclaimer: This Report is intended to inform companies as they develop their internal systems for responding to situation that involves a loss of subsea source control. This report describes aspects of skill to an awareness level that individuals who fulfil a certain response role could benefit from. This report is not intended to be used as an industry standard or codified into legislation or other forms of regulatory requirement.


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1. Source Control Organization

The Source Control Organization is a part of the overall Incident Management System focused on source control activities and are often referred to as the Source Control Team (SCT). The SCT can be set up as a separate Section, reporting to the Incident Commander, or as a Branch reporting to the Operations Section Chief.

To present a conceptual picture, IOGP Report 594 described the macro subsea well response organization and task or mission groups inside it. This Report takes that work further and presents a more detailed model of a response organization which better reflects the task groups that would normally be anticipated in a detailed Source Control Emergency Response Plan (SCERP) or Incident Management Plan (IMP). Moreover, defining an organization for this body of work is also necessary to create a logical document. No matter which final organization format is decided, the functional task or mission groups described in this report ought to be similar – the differences being reporting lines, hierarchy, and naming conventions.

A summary description for each position follows the organization chart, and more detailed descriptions and position objectives are in Part 3 of this document.

Figure 1: Example of a Source Control Branch response organization and hierarchy

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Table 1: Role descriptions for a typical Source Control Branch

Position Position Description Summary

Source Control Branch Director Oversees response operations, coordinates parties, sets priorities, and has the primary responsibility for planning, execution, and termination of source control activities.

Deputy Source Control Branch Director

Assists the Source Control Branch Director.

SIMOPS Supervisor Interfaces with all operational parties and coordinates marine traffic within their designated zone (usually 500-1000m radius of flowing well).

Well Control Leader Acts as a liaison between the IMT and well control contractor(s).

Relief Well Group Supervisor Responsible for relief well planning and operations, including intercept and well kill.

Well Construction Unit Leader Responsible for the engineering and approvals needed to drill the relief well.

Well Interception Unit Leader Specifically focuses on the well intercept plan and coordinates with the relief well specialist contractor and Well Construction Unit Leader on trajectory design.

Well Kill Unit Leader Responsible for well kill planning, operations and resourcing.

Rig Operations Unit Leader Responsible for the safe and coordinated operations of the relief well drilling unit.

Well Intervention Group Supervisor

Responsible for the planning and execution of all operations related to attempts to regain control of the incident well by top or surface interventions. In case of a subsea blowout this role takes effect after the incident well has stopped flowing (either by dynamic kill or hole collapse or flow path bridging). However, for a platform blowout the topside/surface intervention may become a primary source control activity in parallel with relief well operations.

Well Intervention Unit Leader Develops techniques and operational procedures needed to support intervention activities.

Operations Unit Leader Responsible for reviewing, communicating, and implementing intervention plans.

Capping Group Supervisor Responsible for planning and execution of all operations related to attempts to regain control of the incident well by subsea capping, including the associated subsea activities (missions) for source control.

Subsea Survey Unit Leader Responsible for planning, execution and mapping of subsea survey activities and findings at the incident location.

BOP Intervention Unit Leader Responsible for the planning and execution of BOP Intervention activities to close the BOP and works with the Debris Clearance Unit Leader to gain BOP panel access as needed.

Subsea Dispersant Unit Leader Responsible for planning, downline deployment, execution, and ongoing support of subsea dispersant injection activities. Interfaces with Engineering or Environmental Unit who will be seeking SSDI approval.

Debris Clearance Unit Leader Responsible for planning and execution of subsea debris clearance activities to provide access to the Blowout Preventer (BOP) Intervention panel, Capping Stack interface points, or on the seafloor to facilitate the installation of ancillary response equipment.

Capping Operations Unit Leader Responsible for planning and execution of subsea well capping operations to shut-in the well or prepare the well for flowback with well containment equipment.

Offset Installation Unit Leader Responsible for planning and execution of offset installation activities to install the capping stack and shut-in the well or prepare the well for flowback with well containment equipment.

Containment Group Supervisor Responsible for planning and execution of all operations related to developing and implementing a temporary subsea production system for the capturing of hydrocarbons.

Subsea Layout Unit Leader Responsible for updating, planning and executing the over-arching survey which will facilitate installation of the subsea system.

Subsea Foundations Unit Leader Responsible for the preparation and installation the Subsea Structures required for the well specific Containment concept, prior to subsea lay of the flexible flowlines.

Hydrate Inhibition Unit Leader Responsible for the preparation and deployment of a chemical delivery system capable of providing the Containment subsea system with methanol or MEG (mono-ethylene glycol) on demand.


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Position Position Description Summary

Subsea Flowlines Unit Leader Responsible for verifying the suitability of the flowline and jumpers configuration, including the defined methodology and the installation of the flowline and jumpers between the capping stack and the subsea structures.

Riser System Unit Leader Responsible for the mobilization, deployment, and installation the Containment System Riser (CSR) with foundation, flowspool, landing string, subsea test tree (SSTT) and gel-filled marine riser (as required).

Capture Vessel Unit Leader Responsible for the planning and deployment of a surface hydrocarbon processing and offloading system, for the safe capture and disposal of incident well fluids; works closely with the Containment Operations Unit Leader.

Containment Operations Unit Leader

Responsible for the Containment system design, pre-commissioning, start-up and steady state operations for the capture and disposal of incident well fluids; works closely with the Flow Assurance Unit Leader and Capture Vessel Unit Leader.

Engineering Group Supervisor Responsible for supporting situation assessment and technical response strategy, coordinating engineering activities, and overseeing data quality and documentation.

Geosciences Unit Leader Coordinates with geoscience teams and verifies the consistency of the geological / geophysical / reservoir information provided to the various groups in the Source Control Branch. During the incident, GUL assesses the reservoir behaviour and effects on drilling activities.

Drilling Engineering Unit Leader Responsible for all Drilling Engineering activities related to the flowing well and relief well; acts as a support role for the Well Construction Unit Leader.

ROV Unit Leader Provides ad hoc support and expertise for all the ROV missions undertaken on the incident site. Liaises with the ROV supplier and, monitors ROV SIMOPS in coordination with the SIMOPS Supervisor. Ensures that proper communication is maintained between the vessels and the ROV unit(s) on board those vessels.

Flow Assurance Unit Leader Brings expertise in the Source Control Branch in all Flow Assurance aspects with focus on efficient flow of hydrocarbons to topsides through to export. They have a particular focus on the prevention of hydrate formation.

Marine Unit Leader Brings expertise in the Source Control Branch in all marine-related aspects. The Marine Unit Leader liaises closely with the SIMOPS Supervisor as numerous vessels are expected to operate in close proximity to each other in and around the incident location. The Marine Unit Leader will ensure that no interference occurs between the different vessels performing the missions of the Source Control Branch: drilling rigs, intervention units, construction vessels, shuttle tankers, tugs. The Marine Unit Leader maintains close contact with the Operations Group to properly incorporate the oil recovery activity (if any) in the assessment of the Source Control Branch operations.

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2. Skills Matrix

The skills and competencies recommended for an organization to be able to offer an effective source control response are detailed in this section. The skills identified in Figure 2 have been divided into recommended and optional. Not every skill requires a dedicated training course; skills can also be attained through experience.

Where a skill is recommended, it is considered important to the associated position. Where a skill is categorized as optional, the associated position would benefit from knowledge in the stated skill, but not having that knowledge would not be detrimental to the overall response.

Subsea well response depends on a multidisciplinary approach, in which a group of people with diverse skills are brought together to prepare a robust engineering package and response plan. There are some specific subjects related to subsea well response that practitioners do not encounter in their daily routines, and an understanding of these and how they relate to other members of the response organization can be beneficial.

This Report focuses on ‘awareness’ rather than ‘mastery’. The SWRSC viewpoint is that once qualified professionals are made aware of the specific consideration that are related to subsea source control in their chosen field of practice, they can adequately perform the task or lead the mission group. There will be a need for some specialized experts, who in turn would report to response Supervisors or Unit Leaders; however, this is similar in context to other situations where specialist consultants are engaged to support a specific project deliverable.

Note: When considering the prior paragraph, readers should not be confused with surface oil spill response or relief well intercepts and dynamic kill. Surface oil spill response is a highly specialized skillset that is unique to the oil spill response organizations (OSRO). Similarly, ranging, intercept, and dynamic kill operations are also specialized and draw on the core expertise of the Well Control Contractor(s).

The matrix that follows presents an overview of skills that may qualify an individual to serve in a subsea well response organization. To separate general skills from technical subsea response skills, the matrix has been split into groups based on the following considerations:

• Incident Management Fundamentals – General ICS/IMS principles and HSE skills that could be useful during a crisis. These skills are suggested to help enhance the overall response.

• Surface Oil Spill Response – Though this Report does not focus on surface oil spill response, some members of the subsea well response organization would benefit from a level of training in this area, which will help to harmonize interface points.

• Subsea Well Response – Technical skills that the SWRSC considers to be specialized. Knowledge of these skills would be beneficial.

Following the matrix, a description of each skill has been provided. Readers should note that some of these topics, such as offset installation or logistics, may be more applicable to the operator’s area of activity or specific response situation. It is suggested that operators determine these specifics internally.


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Table 2: Source Control Skills Matrix

2.1 ICS/IMS AwarenessIncident Command System (ICS) or Incident Management System (IMS) awareness level training will help participants understand:

• The principles of ICS/IMS• ICS/IMS Language• PEARL priorities (People, Environment, Assets, Reputation, and Liability)• The potential for ICS/IMS to be fit for purpose and modular• Span of control• Reporting groups• Command concepts• ICS Forms

2.2 Stakeholder Communication Within ICS/IMS, the Public Information Officer (PIO) is the person assigned to handling communications to external parties. The Public Information Officer (PIO), Incident Commander, and Crisis Managers will all require a flow of information from the Source Control Branch Director and it may be beneficial for them to have an understanding of the principles of external communications.

This skill involves having a knowledge of what is important for those who need to communicate externally: how to assemble and disseminate timely, tailored, and relevant information to the community, media, government, incident personnel, and their organizations.

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Other elements of the skill include providing an awareness of how the PIO provides timely and relevant information to stakeholders; providing warnings and information to threatened communities, other stakeholders, and the public; liaising with news media; managing media liaison issues; and consulting with affected communities in conjunction with relief and recovery organizations and/or agencies.

Aspects of media training may also be beneficial.

2.3 Human Factors Awareness‘Human Factors’ are simply those things that can influence what people do.

They may include factors relating to the job people do (e.g., available time for a task or control panel design) personnel factors (e.g., fatigue, capability) and organizational factors (roles, manning levels). Human Factors, as a discipline, is concerned with designing equipment, work environments, and activities so that people find tasks easy to perform, safe, and matched to their strengths and limitations. It is an approach which is integrated into risk management, engineering, procedure writing, job planning, and training. It is an area of focus for the industry in general, and all participants are encouraged to further develop their competence in this area.

Competence during times of crisis can be affected by the factors listed below. It is important that crisis supervisors and leaders have an awareness of Human Factors and how they can affect individuals’ ability to respond effectively. Factors include:

• Excessive workload• Undue pressure (real or perceived)• Inappropriate supervision• Poor communication• Fatigue• Stress• Poor procedures• Cognitive bias

Crew Resource Management is another subject that can provide benefits to the workforce. Suggested topics that can be included in the training are:

• Situational awareness• Decision Making• Communication• Teamwork• Leadership and Supervision• Awareness of performance shaping factors

IOGP have produced a range of resources to support Human Factors and Crew Resource Management. These include IOGP Reports 452, 453, 501, 502, 621 and an information sheet titled Understanding and Managing Human Factors in the Wells Sector; full details can be found in the References section of this Report.


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2.4 Emergency ManagementProviding Emergency Management training for response leaders is an established practice. The underlying objective is to test how leaders respond under pressure and be able to receive feedback.

Formal training is commonly referred to as “OIM training” but this Report does not consider formal OIM training a requirement. The oil and gas industry has seen the benefits of well operations teams that use Drill the Well On Simulator (DWOS) exercises as a form of well control and crew resource management training: see IOGP Report 476 - Recommendations for enhancements to well control training, examination and certification. The DWOS has built stronger teams, communications, problem solving and helped people learn about the effects pressure can have on humans. The skill can be developed through tabletop exercises, full scale exercises, or other forms of simulated activities.

2.5 Oil Spill ResponseInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) Level 2 or Level 3 courses are suggested for the Oil Spill Response skill because certain positions would benefit from an awareness of surface oil spill response, as there will be interactions where each part of the response organization will affect each other.

IMO Level 2 is tactically and strategically focused, while IMO Level 3 is intended for decision makers such as the Incident Commander or Source Control Branch Director and embraces all technical or legal managerial aspects.

2.6 Subsea Well Response AwarenessThe objective of this skill is to have an overview of the entire subsea well response process. It is recommended that individuals with skill in Subsea Well Response Awareness have knowledge of:

• The Operators Incident Management Team organization• Where to find plans and checklists• A general overview of what is involved in subsea well response with elements of

BOP intervention, debris clearance, capping, relief well drilling and Flowback or Containment if applicable

• Aspects of surface oil spill response to promote an appreciation interface points• Which capping stack resources are available to your organization and how to activate

them• Mobilization strategies and logistics• Elements or considerations that go into Well Engineering and Source Control

Emergency Response Plans (as described in IOGP Report 594 - Source Control Emergency Response Planning Guide for Subsea Wells)

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2.7 Well Integrity and Soft Shut-inThis technical skill relates to the process of shutting-in the well after landing a capping stack. Shut-in methods can include a hard shut-in, where the capping stack is closed as quickly as possible, and the soft shut-in method, which sequentially closes the capping stack and looks for a predetermined pressure transient response before moving to the next closure device. Choosing which method to use is governed by a number of considerations that are centred around the well’s geological and mechanical integrity. The objective of this skill is to promote an awareness of the issues and engineering workflows that help to make informed decisions.

2.8 Estimating Worst Case Discharge (WCD) and ImpactsThe Worst Case Discharge (WCD) estimate is a key input parameter that effects oil spill trajectory modelling, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) submissions or Environmental Plans, oil spill response planning, kill simulations, plume analysis, and landing analysis. There is also the concept of Worst Case Credible Discharge which is often used to describe a more probable discharge and is also used to perform certain engineering analyses. There are also different methods for calculating worst case discharge and the appropriateness of the calculation method can depend on geology, jurisdiction, company philosophy, and type of activity. The objective of this skill is to create an awareness for the different calculation methods, how they can be used and what work activities are influenced by output.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Calculation method• Probabilistic calculation methods and their validity• Use of water bearing sands along the open hole and their influence in discharge

pressure and rate• Use and modelling of cross flow assumptions• Understanding and risk assessing underground blowouts and underground

containment against salt or absorption into overlying sands• Which worst case discharge calculation method to use for an application• Dependent engineering activities and how they are influenced by worst case discharge

output• Dynamic kill analysis and how it is influenced by worst case discharge• Discharge rate estimations during an incident

2.9 Subsea Well Integrity (SSWI) Engineering Subsea Well Integrity Engineering covers aspects of well design, kill design, relief well planning, broader well integrity factors, field layout considerations, and well placement. The objective of this skill is to create an awareness of the different engineering considerations and be able to define engineering workflows and coordinate specialists who would be used to assist in detailed design.


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It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Worst case discharge output and how it impacts well design calculations• Casing design well control load cases• Underground blowout engineering• Using soft shut-in methods to understand well integrity• Conductor design and stability analysis for capping stacks and aged or fatigued wells• Field development layout and consideration of relief wells and capping method; in

shallow water situations, this includes consideration of offset installation methods• Relief well placement and trajectory planning• Ranging methods and techniques• Dynamic kill analysis, kill method design and considerations, estimation of

hydraulic horse power, high rate well kill considerations equipment, and logistics considerations

• BOP and LMRP mandrels and pressure containment

2.10 Deployment and Landing Methods EngineeringThis skill is intended to create an awareness of operational methods and considerations for how to mobilize, deploy, and land a capping stack, from the quayside to the incident well.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Vessel selection criteria• Quayside crane capacity and vessel loading• Sea fastening• Overview of Plume Analysis and how it may impact deployment strategies• Using worst case discharge and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling to

establish landing method and risk assess landing difficulty• Vertical deployment techniques• Deployment tools • BOP and LMRPs mandrels and pressure containment• Interfaces, adapters, and land out options• Non-vertical well issues and wellhead straightening• Keel hauling to deploy via drilling unit• Offset installation methods and key considerations• Understanding of risks as presented in IOGP Report 595• Contingency plans• ROV interfaces, hydraulic supply and closing the capping stack• ROV tooling – observation, operation, and debris removal• ROV mobilization strategies – issues that can arise with idle equipment

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2.11 Offset or Unconventional Landing MethodsIn situations where offset installation or another unconventional landing method are required, specialized skills will be needed to prepare a specific offset installation plan. The work package covers engineering, equipment selection, mobilization, and deployment. The plan will likely reveal a number of complex considerations that need to be understood and factored into the response. Considerations include CFD modelling for the land out, boil dimensions and dynamic forces, and geotechnical and subsea architecture.

The objective of this skill is to ensure that if offset or unconventional landing methods are required, that identified response participants understand the issues and considerations.

2.12 SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight)Within the ICS/IMS structure, mobilizing equipment to the field is the responsibility of the Logistics Section Chief. Leaders within Source Control Branch benefit from an understanding of what is involved, how it may impact them, and what potential obstacles they can anticipate.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Mobilization strategy for the nominated capping stack• Air freight considerations and unloading• Sea freight considerations, either by cargo vessel or response vessel• Awareness of deployment vessel requirements• Road infrastructure and transportation considerations• Port infrastructure, utilities, and equipment staging requirements• Port access for response personnel• Crane capacity to assemble equipment and transfer it to the deployment vessel• Immigration and equipment clearance processes for the country of operation

2.13 SSDI OperationsThis area of skill involves the implementation of subsea dispersant injection to the field. Response leaders benefit from an awareness of what is involved and the different options for achieving SSDI.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of:: • Dispersant theory• Dispersant injection rates• The role of dispersants in VOC suppression and responder safety• How to coordinate with Safety Officers, SIMOPS Supervisors, and other field personnel

with respect to dispersant injection rates• Environmental considerations and Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA) overview• Jurisdictional requirements with respect to pre- or post-approval and reporting

requirements


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• Water column monitoring purpose, techniques, and link to scientific or environmental monitoring plans.

• Water column monitoring equipment• Vessel requirements• Equipment requirements• Downline or conduit options, such as coil tubing, hoses, or Intervention Workover

Control System (IWOCS)• Sea fastening and deployment frames• Interfacing the downline with the subsea injection manifold• Surface equipment requirements and vessel deck planning• Dispersant resupply plan• Vessel and personnel safety while working in a spill area• Vessel Owner, Master, and Underwriter considerations

2.14 Plumes: Modelling, HSE and DP Process SafetyThis skill is intended to create an awareness of the process safety aspects of subsea well response. The bullet points below will be beneficial when considering the capping situation. If containment is a response option, consider also the topics shared in section 2.15, Flowback Operations.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Understanding the role of Plume Analysis and how it is used to define hazardous

concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Lower Explosive Limits (LELs) and therefore vessel placement or operating envelope

• Protecting workers from hazardous VOCs and the role of subsea dispersant• Understanding weather effects and how to utilize forecasts to update planned

activities and SIMOPS plans• Managing Dynamically Positioned (DP) vessels at the scene and risks associated with

loss of power (black ship) and drift off • Activity or Well Specific Operating Guidelines – “Watch circles and drift off”• Ensuring response vessels have adequate safety systems to detect hazardous levels

of LEL’s and have shut down systems that protect the vessels air intakes• Safety case requirements and interactions with existing surface and subsea

infrastructure• Working with vessel Owners, vessel Masters, and Underwriters

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2.15 Flowback OperationsThis skill is consortium specific and not necessary for participants who do not intend to maintain a Flowback or Containment option. Flowback or Containment is complex and akin to setting up a miniature subsea and surface production system with flaring and possibly an export system. Leaders benefit from an awareness of the complexities, engineering requirements, and timeframes needed to mobilize, install, and activate a Flowback or Containment system.

It is recommended that individuals with this skill have knowledge of: • Overview of the subsea containment equipment• Other potential uses of containment equipment• Flow assurance• Surface process engineering• Subsea system controls• Equipment placement and foundations• Riser systems• Surface production systems• Production process, flaring, and/or export engineering• Oil lifting operations and marketing• Process safety engineering (fire and gas dispersion study), heat radiation, vessel class

implications and Underwriting• Commissioning procedures• Production chemical and nitrogen supply and replenishment• Mobilization and commissioning timelines• Subsea pressure relief systems and environmental compliance• Shutdown procedures• SIMOPS considerations


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3. Descriptions of Source Control Branch positions

3.1 Source Control Branch Director

Function in IMT: Source Control Branch Director

Job description summary

Oversees response operations, coordinates parties, sets priorities, and has the primary responsibility for planning, execution, and termination of source control activities

Key Tasks or Responsibilities

• Stop flow from the incident well• Assess blowout situation• Form the source control organization and team members• Identify possible source control methods• Establish and recommend daily and longer-term objectives to IMT• Sets up their organization to execute IMT objectives• Engineer-chosen strategy and methods• Ensure risk management as required• Mobilize required equipment and resources for selected source control solutions• Plan and execute field operations• Secure the incident well after the stopping the flow• Ensure required communication within the IMT and compliance with the Incident Action Plan (IAP) process• Ensure a robust connection between the Logistics Section and the Source Control Team to ensure all necessary resources are mobilized

Reports To

Operations Section Chief (as presented in this Report; may also report to the Incident Commander)

Reports

• Deputy Source Control Branch Director• Well Control Leader (Contractor)• SIMOPS Supervisor• Relief Well Group Supervisor• Well Intervention Group Supervisor• Capping Group Supervisor• Containment Group Supervisor• Engineering Group Supervisor

Type of professional role that would typically fill this position

The Source Control Branch Director has recognized leadership and an overall comprehension of the entire response and well kill process: • Subsea Well Response or Source Control Advisor• Drilling Manager or persons in similar positions of technical leadership• Subsea Completions Manager• Subsea Well Intervention Manager

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Specific skills identified in Skills Matrix

Incident Management Fundamentals and Surface Oil Spill Response

Subsea Well Response - Technical

ICS/IMS Awareness Recommended Subsea Well Response Awareness Recommended

Stakeholder Communication Recommended Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in Optional

Human Factors Awareness Recommended Estimating WCD and Impacts Optional

Emergencies Management Recommended Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Optional

Oil Spill Response Recommended Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Optional

Offset or Unconventional Landing Methods

Optional

SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight) Recommended

SSDI Operations Optional

Plumes: Modelling, HSE and DP Process Safety

Optional

Flowback Operations (if applicable) Optional


21

3.1.1 Deputy Source Control Branch Director

Function in IMT: Deputy Source Control Branch Director


Assists the Source Control Branch Director


Same as the Source Control Branch Director. In practice, this person may find themselves acting as the Source Control Brach Director during times when the Director is occupied in other IMT meetings.

Reports To

Source Control Branch Director

Reports

• Well Control Leader (Contractor)• SIMOPS Supervisor• Relief Well Group Supervisor• Well Intervention Group Supervisor• Capping Group Supervisor• Containment Group Supervisor Engineering Group Supervisor


The Deputy Source Control Branch Director has recognized leadership and an overall comprehension of the entire response and well kill process:• Subsea Well Response or Source Control Advisor• Drilling Manager or persons in similar positions of technical leadership• Subsea Completions Manager• Subsea Well Intervention Manager• Subsea Well Intervention Manager







Emergencies Management Recommended Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Optional



Optional

SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight) Recommended



Optional


22


3.1.2 SIMOPS Supervisor

Function in IMT: SIMOPS Supervisor


Interfaces with all operational parties and coordinates marine traffic within their designated zone (usually 500-1000m radius of flowing well)


• Prepare SIMOPS maps based on surface and subsea layout for response activities• Communicate with Operations Section Branch Directors and Supervisor to ensure situational awareness• Assist with developing SIMOPS plans for the next operational period• Communicate with adjacent Supervisors and Unit Leaders to ensure development of and compliance with SIMOPS plans• Work closely with the Marine Unit Leader to ensure vessels are controlled and safely managed

Reports To


Reports

No reports


The SIMOPS Supervisor would have a strong background in marine operations and logistics. The person would need to have excellent communication skills and able to manage competing requests for resources.• Marine coordinator or Superintendent• Drilling Superintendent• Vessel Master or ship OIM• Drilling Supervisor with experience in dynamically positioned vessel operations





Stakeholder Communication Recommended Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in -


Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering -

Oil Spill Response Optional Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Optional


Optional

SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight) -



Optional



23

3.1.3 Well Control Leader

Function in IMT: Well Control Leader


Acts as a liaison between the IMT and well control contractor(s)


• Act as the single point of contact to the Well Control Company(s)• Provide insight on the equipment provided by the Well Control Company• Inform the Incident Owner of the Logistic requirements for the mobilization/deployment of personnel/equipment required to

address the situation• Coordinate the work of the Well Control Company specialists incorporated in the IMT in close cooperation with their supervisors/

leaders• Providing guidance on both the Strategic and tactical IMT decisions, in close coordination with the Well Control Company specialists

incorporated in the IMT• Contributing effectively to the overall situation awareness

Reports To


Reports

No reports


• Focal point for the primary well control contractor


Incident Management Fundamentals and Surface Oil Spill Response Subsea Well Response - Technical


Stakeholder Communication - Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in Recommended

Human Factors Awareness Recommended Estimating WCD and Impacts Recommended

Emergencies Management - Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Recommended

Oil Spill Response - Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Optional


Optional




Optional


24


3.2 Relief Well Group Supervisor

Function in IMT: Relief Well Group Supervisor


Responsible for relief well planning and operations inclusive of intercept and well kill


• Mobilize the relief well organization as required• Review and endorse the relief well design and ensure adequate preparation of the well’s operational programme• Establish an interface with the Well Control Leader to ensure specialist skills are involved in design and execution activities• Ensure all necessary applications to drill the relief well and execute a dynamic kill• Establish links and communications lines into the Logistics Section for sourcing of required drilling unit(s), tangible and rental

equipment, and other services that may be needed to drill the relief well and perform the dynamic kill• Ensure risks are identified and appropriately mitigated• Oversee associated well operations

Reports To


Reports

• Well Construction Unit Leader• Well Interception Unit Leader• Well Kill Unit Leader• Rig Operations Unit Leader


This role would typically be filled by someone with experience delivering well projects:• Drilling Manager• Drilling Engineering Team Leader• Well Delivery Manager• Well Operations Manager• Well Engineering Advisor• Drilling Superintendent• Lead Drilling Engineer• Senior Drilling Engineer




Stakeholder Communication Recommended Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in -


Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Recommended

Oil Spill Response Optional Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. -

Offset or Unconventional Landing Methods -

SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight) Optional

SSDI Operations -


Optional

Flowback Operations (if applicable) -


25

3.2.1 Well Construction Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Well Construction Unit Leader


Responsible for the engineering and approvals needed to drill the relief well


• Prepare relief well(s) design and engineering analysis• Prepare the Relief Well Drilling Programme (in collaboration with the Well Interception Unit Leader)• Coordinate relevant service companies to support the Relief Well Drilling Programme• Ensure that drilling and well intercept risks are appropriately identified and mitigated• Prepare drilling applications and other submissions• Identify tangible and rental equipment along with services that may be needed to drill the relief well, and work with the Logistics

Section to acquire them.

Reports To

Relief Well Group Supervisor

Reports

No reports


This role would typically go to an individual with experience in Drilling Engineering and responsibility delivering well projects:• Drilling Engineering Team Leader• Well Engineering Advisor• Lead Drilling Engineer• Senior Drilling Engineer



ICS/IMS Awareness Optional Subsea Well Response Awareness Optional

Stakeholder Communication - Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in -

Human Factors Awareness Optional Estimating WCD and Impacts Recommended


Oil Spill Response - Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. -


-


SSDI Operations -


Optional


26


3.2.2 Well Interception Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Well Interception Unit Leader


Focuses on the well intercept plan and coordinates with the relief well specialist contractor and Well Construction Unit Leader with respect to trajectory design


• Develop the well trajectory with the Well Construction Unit Leader• Coordinate Directional Drilling and Well Control Contractor (Ranging) Contractors• Define directional drilling targets• Develop the ranging strategy• Prepare operational procedures for the Well Construction Unit Leader to include in the Relief Well Drilling Programme• Interface with Well Kill Unit Leader and Well Construction Unit Leader to prepare a risk assessment for when the relief well

intercepts the incident well

Reports To


Reports

No reports


An individual with experience in directional well planning, understands geological risks and has skills to technically coordinate multiple service companies:• Senior Drilling Engineer• Wellbore Surveying or Placement Subject Matter Expert• Directional Drilling Coordinator (Contractor)• Well Control Contractor Specialist





Human Factors Awareness Optional Estimating WCD and Impacts -




-


SSDI Operations -


-



27

3.2.3 Well Kill Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Well Kill Unit Leader


Responsible for well kill planning, operations and resourcing


• Work with the Engineering Group Supervisor, Advisors and Well Control Unit Leader to establish an plausible actual discharge rate and prepare dynamic kill models in order to confirm well kill feasibility and required pumping schedule

• Define and implement the well kill pumping sequence• Identify required resources and working with the Logistics Section to attain those resources• Prepare and support the operational plan• Arrange the preparation of well kill fluids and fluids handling plan• Interface with Well Construction and Well Interception Unit Leaders to prepare a risk assessment for when the relief well intercepts

the incident well and characterising how the relief well will behave upon intersection

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role has an operational emphasis and is best positioned by someone who has a broad understanding of operational planning and well control: • Well Operations Manager• Drilling Superintendent• Drilling Supervisor• Well Control Contractor Specialist• Dynamic Kill Specialist









-


SSDI Operations -


-


28


3.2.4 Rig Operations Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Rig Operations Unit Leader


Responsible for the safe and coordinated operations of the relief well drilling unit


• Identify and prepare the crews and relief well drilling unit• Pull together a suitably experienced rig operations team• Review Relief Well Drilling Programme and operational plans and ensures that risks have been appropriately identified and

mitigated• Coordinate with the SIMOPS Supervisor, Drilling Contractor and Marine Unit Leader operating envelopes and protocols• Executes the Relief Well Drilling Programme and well kill

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This is an operational leadership role best suited to someone who manages a drilling operation.• Drilling Superintendent









-


SSDI Operations -


Recommended



29

3.3 Well Intervention Group Supervisor

Function in IMT: Well Intervention Group Supervisor


Responsible for the planning and execution of all operations related to attempts to regain control of the incident well by top or surface interventions. This role may take effect prior to landing the capping stack by way of a ‘Top Hat’ or light duty intervention activities or after the incident well has stopped flowing (either by capping stack, dynamic kill or hole collapse, or flow path bridging). For a platform blowout, the topside/surface intervention may become a primary source control activity in parallel with relief well operations.


• Mobilize the well intervention organization as required• Review and endorse operational plans and programme for top/surface intervention• Work with Logistics Section to secure services and equipment needed• If considering a ‘Top Hat’, work with Containment Group and Engineering Group Supervisors on aspects of flow assurance and

surface hydrocarbon handling.• Ensure risks are identified and appropriately mitigated• Oversee top/surface kill operations• Support plans for well intervention after well capping/well interception• Work closely with the Well Intervention, Vessel Owners or Drilling Unit Contractor and underwriters to ensure they are willing to

perform the work

Reports To


Reports

• Well Intervention Unit Leader• Operations Unit Leader


Depending on the chosen method of intervention, this role would be best suited for people who understand aspects of well re-entry, developing intervention plans and preparing for their operations:• Drilling or Well Intervention Manager• Well Operations Manager• Drilling or Well Intervention Superintendent• Subsea Completions Manager or Advisor• Subsea Well Intervention Manager or Advisor• Senior Drilling or Well Intervention Engineer• Senior Subsea Completions Engineer• Senior Subsea Well Intervention Engineer

30





Stakeholder Communication Recommended Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in Recommended





-


SSDI Operations -


Optional



31

3.3.1 Well Intervention Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Well Intervention Unit Leader


Develops techniques and operational procedures needed to support intervention activities


• Prepare operation plans and programme for top/surface intervention• Define services and equipment required for the operation and works with the Logistics Section to source same• Prepare risk assessments and ensure adequate mitigations are in place• Coordinate Service Contractors to ensure procedures are prepared and integrated into the main programme• Prepare and submit any necessary permits or authorization

Reports To


Reports

No reports


Depending on the chosen method of intervention, this role would be best suited for those with experience as a: • Senior Drilling Engineer• Senior Completions Engineer• Senior Well Intervention Engineer




Stakeholder Communication - Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in Optional


Emergencies Management - Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Optional



-


SSDI Operations -


-


32


3.3.2 Operations Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Operations Unit Leader


Responsible for reviewing, communicating, and implementing intervention plans


• Review operation plans and verify that risks have been appropriately identified and mitigated• Identify and prepare the crews and Intervention or Drilling Unit• Assemble a suitably experienced site operations team• Coordinate with the SIMOPS Supervisor, Vessel Contractor and Marine Unit Leader operating envelopes and protocols• Liaise with services providers to ensure equipment is prepared for the operation• Execute well intervention operational procedures, ensuring operations are safely carried out

Reports To


Reports

No reports


Depending on the chosen method of intervention, this role would be best suited for those involved in managing or overseeing well operations:• Drilling or Well Intervention Superintendent• Subsea Intervention Operations Leader









-


SSDI Operations -


Recommended



33

3.4 Capping Group Supervisor

Function in IMT: Capping Group Supervisor


Responsible for planning and execution of all operations related to attempts to regain control of the incident well by subsea capping, including the associated subsea activities (missions) for source control


• Mobilize capping organization and nominate Task Force Unit Leaders• Deploy the site survey equipment and develop the capping response strategy• Review and endorse operation plans and procedures for capping operations and related missions• Secure equipment, resources and services needed (regular and special)• Secure permits as required (for subsea dispersant operations)• Provide input to and assist in the planning of simultaneous operations• Execute well capping operations and related missions• Ensure required communication within the IMT and compliance with the IAP process• Work closely with the Logistics Section to action the equipment mobilization plan and secure all necessary resources and permits• Coordinate with the Producing Asset Team to ensure any wells or subsea infrastructure in the area of work are shut-in or isolated• Coordinate with SIMOPS Supervisor and Marine Unit Leader for vessel management• Ensure risks are identified and appropriately mitigated

Reports To


Reports

• Subsea Survey Unit Leader• BOP Intervention Unit Leader• Subsea Dispersant Unit Leader• Debris Clearance Unit Leader• Capping Operations Unit Leader• Offset Installation Unit Leader


The Capping Group Supervisor has recognizedrecognized leadership and an overall comprehension of the entire response and well kill process: • Subsea Well Response or Source Control Advisor• Drilling Manager or persons in similar positions of technical leadership• Subsea Completions Manager• Subsea Well Intervention Manager• Third party Professional with dedicated focus on Subsea Well Response

34







Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Optional

Oil Spill Response Optional Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Recommended


Recommended


SSDI Operations Recommended


Recommended

Flowback Operations (if applicable) Recommended


35

3.4.1 Subsea Survey Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Subsea Survey Unit Leader


Responsible for planning, execution, and mapping of subsea survey activities and findings at the incident location


• Develop operation plans and procedures for subsea survey operations, considering debris locations, offset installation access, subsea dispersant access, infrastructure status and capping stack installation.

• Work with Logistics Section to identify Vessel of Opportunity with work class ROV for the subsea survey mission• Identify need for special service equipment (e.g., 2D/3D sonar, camera)• Inspect seafloor, wellhead, BOP ROV panel and primary and secondary capping stack interfaces• Collect oil sample(s) as may be required by Environmental Unit for subsea dispersant design, application, future studies, and use• Provide video streaming, recording and final report for further use by the SCB• Support with VOC monitoring and ROV monitoring of other subsea response activities

Reports To

Capping Group Supervisor

Reports

No reports


This role is well suited for a Subsea Engineer who is familiar with the area of operation and frequently works with subsea field architects and survey companies:• Senior Subsea Engineer






Emergencies Management - Subsea Well Integrity Engineering -



Recommended


SSDI Operations -


Optional


36


3.4.2 BOP Intervention Unit Leader

Function in IMT: BOP Intervention Unit Leader


Responsible for the planning and execution of BOP Intervention activities to close the BOP, and works with the Debris Clearance Unit Leader to gain BOP panel access as needed


• Develop operation plans and procedures for BOP intervention operations• Review BOP specification and confirm that intervention equipment is suitable for use• Source HP ROV skid or solutions based on subsea accumulator bottles (SAMs) or other technologies

– Mobilize nitrogen and hydraulic fluid per well and location requirements – Evaluate need for pre-charging pump, if SAMs mobilized by air freight – Determine the most efficient BOP Intervention system configuration – Evaluate need for mud mats (depending on soil conditions and SAMs configuration)

• Work with Logistics Section to identify Vessel of Opportunity with work class ROV for the BOP intervention mission• Execute BOP Intervention and shut-in well (according to well integrity evaluations)

Reports To


Reports

No reports


An individual who frequently deals with subsea operations or subsea intervention and has practical experience with subsea control design and operating subsea equipment with an ROV:• Senior Subsea Engineer• Senior Subsea Well Intervention Engineer• Drilling Contractor’s Subsea BOP Engineering Manager





Human Factors Awareness - Estimating WCD and Impacts -




-


SSDI Operations -


-



37

3.4.3 Subsea Dispersant Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Subsea Dispersant Unit Leader


Responsible for planning, downline deployment, execution, and ongoing support of subsea dispersant injection activities; interfaces with Engineering Group Supervisor or Environmental Unit, who will be seeking SSDI approval


• Develop operation plans and procedures for Subsea Dispersant operations• Review subsea dispersant specification and confirm that response equipment is suitable for use• Coordinate with Environmental Unit over SIMA requirements, proposed dispersant/oil ratio (DOR) and water column monitoring plans• Ascertain dispersant type, rate and volume required• Coordinate with Logistics Section for mobilization and resupply of chemicals from agreements and/or providers• Select Pump and Conduit with interface to dispersant equipment• Source and install location beacons to aid vessel positioning during operations• Identify Vessel of Opportunity with work class ROV and dispersant storage space• Arrange for and oversee any vessel modifications that may be required to support equipment (tanks, conduit chutes, etc)• Source equipment and prepare plan for water column monitoring (if required)• Coordinate with SIMOPS Supervisor vessel requirements and sampling patter for water column monitoring if required• Execute Subsea Dispersant and water column monitoring operations as required• Coordinate with Safety Officer and other SIMOPS Supervisor to continually monitor and adjust injection rates to suppress VOCs at

surface, thereby reducing responder exposure

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is best fulfilled by someone who has experiencing in organising subsea completions or interventions where a downline is required. The critical part of this role is interfacing service providers and vessel owners to deliver the downline. • Senior Subsea Completions Engineer or Advisor• Senior Subsea Well Intervention Engineer or Advisor• Senior Subsea Engineer









-



Plumes: Modelling, HSE AND DP Process Safety

Optional


38


3.4.4 Debris Clearance Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Debris Clearance Unit Leader


Responsible for planning and execution of subsea debris clearance activities to provide access to the Blowout Preventer (BOP) Intervention panel, Capping Stack interface points, or on the seafloor to facilitate the installation of ancillary response equipment


• Establish clearance priorities with Capping Group Supervisor• Work closely with tooling contractors to ensure delivery and operation of debris removal equipment• Work with dependent users to prepare the incident well for the next phase of the response (Capping Group Supervisor, Well

Intervention Group Supervisor and Offset Installation Unit Leader)• Develop operation plans and procedures for Debris Clearance activities• Review subsea survey information and identify needs for debris clearance equipment• Establish subsea debris placement location and transportation corridor• Ensure any subsea infrastructure that is within the clearance transportation corridor is shut-in or isolated• Review debris clearance requirements and confirm that response equipment is suitable for use• Work with Logistics Section to identify Vessel(s) of Opportunity with work class ROV and down line• Execute Debris Clearance operations in coordination with SIMOPS Supervisor and Marine Unit Leader

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suitable for someone who is familiar with subsea ROV tooling, construction methodologies, equipment and infrastructure as well as operations.• Senior Subsea Engineer• Marine Construction Engineer









-


SSDI Operations -


Optional



39

3.4.5 Capping Operations Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Capping Operations Unit Leader


Responsible for planning and execution of subsea well capping operations to shut-in the well or prepare the well for flowback with well containment equipment


• Coordinate with Logistics Section Chief and Capping Stack provider on the mobilization of equipment and resources• Develop operation plans and procedures for Capping operations• Verify that flowing condition and expected shut-in pressure is within Capping Stack specifications• Evaluate mechanical interfaces and verify compatibility with Wellhead and BOP interfaces• Verify that well integrity is adequate for shut-in with the Capping Stack• Evaluate fatigue loading on wellhead/BOP assembly with the Capping Stack installed• Evaluate up-lift forces to confirm Capping Stack installation feasibility• Verify with Engineering Group Supervisor actual discharge rates (if possible), or, failing that, confirm with Engineering Group

supervisor that discharge rates are within pre-operational WCD/WCCD estimates• Review plume and gas dispersant modelling to confirm vertical access and define exclusion zone• Perform soft shut-in modelling for reference to ensure well integrity during actual shut-in• Evaluate need for and mobilize nitrogen and hydraulic fluid per well and location requirements• Evaluate need for pre-charging pump, if subsea accumulator bottles are mobilized as air freight• Evaluate soil conditions and need for mud mats for deployment of the capping stack system• Evaluate the need for spacer spools and the requirement for straightening the wellhead• Mobilize the Secondary Containment Cap to provide isolation via a metal-metal seal after shut-in• Work with Logistics Section to source available vessel(s) with work class ROV and subsea cranes according to location requirements• Review operation plans and verify that risks have been appropriately identified and mitigated• Execute Capping operations and perform controlled shut-in (or choking) of well

Reports To


Reports

No reports


The Capping Operations Unit Leader has recognized leadership experience and an overall comprehension of subsea equipment deployment and has preferably served in one of the following roles:• Subsea Manager• Subsea Completions Manager• Subsea Well Intervention Manager• Third party Professional with dedicated focus on Subsea Well Response• Drilling Manager• Drilling or Completions Engineering Advisor

40





Stakeholder Communication - Well Integrity and Soft Shut-in Recommended



Oil Spill Response - Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Recommended


Recommended


SSDI Operations -


-



41

3.4.6 Offset Installation Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Offset Installation Unit Leader


Responsible for planning and execution of offset installation activities to install the capping stack and shut-in the well or prepare the well for flowback with well containment equipment


• Revalidate the Offset Installation Plan and Procedures• Coordinate with the Logistics Section Chief to secure equipment and services needed (with possible need for fabrications)• Work with Logistics Section to source vessel(s) as required for the defined offset installation solution• Ensure any subsea equipment that could be at risk during deployment is shut-in and isolated• Review all operational procedures with affected parties and amend as required• Execute offset installation activities as required and install the capping stack

Reports To


Reports

No reports


• Offset Installation Specialist or person responsible for developing the detailed operational plans







Oil Spill Response Optional Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Recommended


Recommended


SSDI Operations -


Recommended


42


3.5 Containment Group Supervisor

Function in IMT: Containment Group Supervisor


Responsible for planning and execution of all operations related to developing and implementing a temporary subsea production system for the capturing of hydrocarbons


• Mobilize containment organization and nominate Task Force Unit Leaders• Ensure well modelling and analysis are performed to identify equipment needs and field layout• Prepare system modelling that is required to define capacity needs and confirm the ability to combine the containment equipment

with well owner equipment and response vessels• Ensure seabed and surface architecture for containment operations are defined and consistent with output from the containment

system modelling and analysis• Review and endorse operation plans and procedures for the containment solution• Coordinate with the Logistics Section Chief to secure equipment, resources and services needed• Secure permits as required (e.g., for capture vessels operations)• Provide input to and assist in the planning of simultaneous operations• Deploy well containment solutions and commission same for flowback operations• Perform flow assurance analysis for transient and steady state flow operations• Develop protocols and vessel management plans with SIMOPS Supervisor and Marine Unit Leader• Ensure risks are identified and appropriately mitigated• Ensure required communication within the IMT and compliance with the IAP process

Reports To


Reports

• Subsea Layout Unit Leader• Subsea Foundations Unit Leader• Hydrate Inhibition Unit Leader• Subsea Flowlines Unit Leader• Riser System Unit Leader• Capture Vessel Unit Leader• Containment Operations Unit Leader


The Containment Group Supervisor has recognized leadership experience and an overall comprehension of the Containment process. This position is well suited to those who are involved in setting up temporary or permanent subsea production systems, with experience as: • Senior Subsea Well Test Engineer• Subsea Development Project Manager• Subsea Engineering Manager• Subsea Advisor


43





Human Factors Awareness Recommended Estimating WCD and Impacts -

Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering -



Optional


SSDI Operations -


Recommended


44


3.5.1 Subsea Layout Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Subsea Layout Unit Leader


Responsible for updating, planning, and executing the overarching survey which will facilitate installation of the subsea system


• Develop operational plans and procedures for subsea survey operations• Identify construction or multipurpose vessel with work class ROV for the containment subsea survey mission• Identify need for special service equipment (e.g., 2D/3D sonar, camera)• Perform overarching survey

– Identify seabed features and debris caused by the incident which may affect the previously planned locations of the subsea equipment

– Establish any seabed disturbance or subsidence and identify seafloor features, fissures, and debris from the incident• Provide video streaming, recording, and final report for further use by the SCB• Support with VOC mapping and ROV observations of other subsea response activities:

– Subsea foundations: Confirm that the areas are free of any constraints and hazards that would impede the safe landing of the structures onto their pre-installed foundation

– Subsea flowlines: Ensure routes are clear of objects that may impact the installation of the flowline. Establish if bathymetry data conforms to data from previous route surveys

– Riser system: Conduct a visual survey of the location prior to installing the flowspool – Capture vessel: Conduct a visual survey of the locations prior to installing the anchors and chain

Reports To

Containment Group Supervisor

Reports

No reports


This role is suited for someone who is involved in or has had prior experience in subsea field layout design. The incumbent should be able to coordinate supporting services that provide input information.• Subsea Development Manager• Senior Subsea Engineer









-


SSDI Operations -

Plumes: Modelling, HSE & DP Process Safety

Optional



45

3.5.2 Subsea Foundations Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Subsea Foundations Unit Leader


Responsible for the preparation and installation the Subsea Structures required for the well-specific containment concept, prior to subsea lay of the flexible flowlines


• Develop operation plans and procedures for subsea foundations operations – Obtain response equipment description and technical information (e.g., materials, dimensions, and weights) for system

qualification – Perform on-bottom stability analysis based on site conditions to establish if additional flowline stability measures are required – Perform analysis and design preliminary foundation and flowline parking structures as required. – Verify that equipment materials are adequate for the intended service conditions

Note: the Containment Operations Unit Leader will specify minimum material requirements for flow wetted surfaces• Ensure the pressure relief or system over pressure protection system components are correctly configured and installed per

recommendation from the Containment Operations Unit Leader• Coordinate with Logistics Section Chief to mobilize the required subsea structures onto the selected Vessel of Opportunity.• Coordinate with SIMOPS Supervisor on equipment deployment locations, installation sequence, and estimated time to install• Install Subsea Structures on seabed as per overall field layout• Conduct visual and positional surveys of the subsea structures before, during, and after installation.

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited to someone who has experience in subsea equipment preparation and construction operations.• Senior Subsea Engineer


Incident Management Fundamentals & Surface Oil Spill Response Subsea Well Response - Technical







-


SSDI Operations -


Optional


46


3.5.3 Hydrate Inhibition Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Hydrate Inhibition Unit Leader


Responsible for the preparation and deployment of a chemical delivery system capable of providing the Containment subsea system with methanol or MEG (Mono-ethylene glycol) on demand.


• Develop operation plans and procedures for hydrate inhibition operations – Obtain response equipment description and technical information (e.g., materials, dimensions and weights) for system

qualification – Evaluate hydraulic performance of the chemical injection system to define type of conduit, required ID, pump discharge

pressure rating and total MEG requirements – Evaluate the minimum operational requirements for the Hydrate Inhibition delivery vessel, specific to the well incident site

• Mobilize the required chemical delivery equipment onto the selected response vessel• Deploy the chemical delivery conduit as per overall field layout• Provide MEG to the subsea system on demand• Conduct visual and positional surveys of the chemical conduit before, during, and after installation

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited for someone with subsea well intervention experience who understands what is needed to provide chemical delivery to the subsea tree.• Subsea Well Intervention Engineer









-


SSDI Operations -


Optional



47

3.5.4 Subsea Flowlines Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Subsea Flowlines Unit Leader


Responsible for verifying the suitability of the flowline and jumpers configuration, including the defined methodology and the installation of the flowline and jumpers between the capping stack and the subsea structures


• Develop operation plans and procedures for flowline and jumper operations – Obtain response equipment description and technical information (e.g., materials, dimensions and weights) for system

qualification – Perform on-bottom stability analysis and tie-in loads assessment to ensure tie-in loads and seabed stability of the flowlines

and jumpers are acceptable – Evaluate BOP/Capping stack specification to identify if additional equipment may be required to prevent the flexible jumpers

from clashing with the BOP – Verify the suitability of the materials selected for the subsea system to be compatible with well fluids and reservoir properties

• Mobilize the required subsea flowlines and jumpers onto the selected Vessel of Opportunity• Lay the flowlines and jumpers to seabed as per overall field layout• Install flowlines and jumpers for the different legs according to the optimum sequence• Conduct visual and positional surveys of the subsea flowlines before, during, and after installation

Reports To

Subsea Containment Group Supervisor

Reports

No reports


This role is suited to someone who has experience in subsea equipment preparation and construction operations.• Senior Subsea Engineer









-


SSDI Operations -


Optional


48


3.5.5 Riser System Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Riser System Unit Leader


Responsible for the mobilization, deployment, and installation the Containment System Riser (CSR) with foundation, flowspool, landing string, subsea test tree (SSTT) and gel-filled marine riser (as required)


• Develop operation plans and procedures for containment system riser activities – Obtain response equipment description and technical information (e.g., materials, dimensions, and weights) for CSR system

design and qualification – Obtain Capture Vessel, BOP, SSTT and Surface Flow Tree (SFT) service provider data to generate stack-up drawing with SSTT in

the BOP and the arrangement from the foundation to the SFT. – Perform foundation and riser analysis, and source foundation equipment – Perform landing string analysis and source landing string pipe and connectors – Define interfaces with SSTT service equipment and other topsides and rig equipment – Evaluate well-specific flow assurance to confirm if insulation gel is required – Evaluate suitability of Capture Vessel motion compensator and define operability envelope – Verify the suitability of the materials selected for the containment system riser to be compatible with well fluids and reservoir

properties – Confirm capture vessel crane capacity to lift and handle the subsea flowspool, or alternative solution for installation of the

flowspool – Identify Vessels of Opportunity for the preparation of the CSR foundation, hook-up of flowline, supply insulation gel and to act

as Capture Vessel• Mobilize all equipment required for the Containment Vessels CSR activities• Deploy the CSR equipment and install CSR foundation, CSR Flowspool, Capture vessel marine riser and BOP, including SSTT with

landing string from the capture vessel

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited to someone who has experience in the planning and execution of a subsea well test or clean-up flow back.• Senior Subsea Completions Engineer• Senior Subsea Well Test Engineer


49









-


SSDI Operations -


Optional

Flowback Operations (if applicable) Required

50


3.5.6 Capture Vessel Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Capture Vessel Unit Leader


Responsible for the planning and deployment of a surface hydrocarbon processing and offloading system for the safe capture and disposal of incident well fluids; works closely with the Containment Operations Unit Leader


• Develop operation plans and procedures for surface hydrocarbon processing and offloading – Obtain response equipment description and technical information (e.g., materials, dimensions and weights) for processing

system design and qualification – Perform vessel suitability assessment with screening criteria for containment operations – Ensures the chosen production vessel is operating in Class – Prepare survey report as baseline for surface processing and offloading design – Perform capture vessel assessment and prepare rig modifications plan – Perform surface processing assessment and prepare equipment modification plan – Perform heat radiation study and prepare rig cooling system layout – Perform assessment and selection of offloading tankers in terms of suitability for offloading, storage capacity and distance

from the incident well – Perform analysis to determine equipment required for safe offloading to DP Tanker – Verify the equipment availability and compatibility with well fluids and reservoir properties

• Participates in the HAZOP and HAZID activities that are led by the Containment Operations Unit Leader• Execute Capture vessel and well test equipment modification scope• Mobilize and assemble topside and offloading equipment• Commission topsides hydrocarbon processing and marine offloading system• Deploy Capture vessel and offloading tankers to incident site• Develop SIMOPS plan with SIMOPS Supervisor and Marine Unit Leader

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This position is well suited to those who are involved in supervising the operation and performance of temporary or permanent subsea production systems: • Senior Subsea Well Test Engineer• Senior Completions Engineer with experience in managing well testing activities• Senior Process Engineer• Production Vessel OIM


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-


SSDI Operations -


Optional


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3.5.7 Containment Operations Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Containment Operations Unit Leader


Responsible for the Containment system design, pre-commissioning, start-up, and steady state operations for the capture and disposal of incident well fluid; works closely with the Flow Assurance Unit Leader and Capture Vessel Unit Leader.


• Design system and develop operation plans and procedures for containment operations – Specify or verify the type or suitability of the flow wetted materials needed for the subsea system ensuring compatibility with

well fluids and reservoir properties – Specify the ratings of burst discs or other over-pressure protection systems as required based on system analysis and steady

state flow assurance report – Perform system modelling to define the required number of containment legs and allocate well test spreads to capture vessels

by combining flow assurance and surface process techniques with known equipment data and preliminary well data – Develop a subsea process flow diagram for the process fluid and chemical flow directions – Perform steady state flow assurance to identify the operating envelopes for the containment system – Perform transient flow assurance modelling to assess the behaviour of the containment system during transient operations – Perform MEG injection system evaluation to identify the hydrate requirement and sizing the chemical injection system – Prepare guidelines for the different containment operating modes with logic charts that indicates the sequential steps required

for the operations – Prepare HAZID and HAZOP documentation – Ensure the chosen production vessel is operating in Class – Ensure identified hazards and risks are appropriately mitigated

• Pre-commission the complete containment system• Ensure de-watering of the containment system prior to start-up• Start-up the containment legs according to the optimum sequence• Control steady state during normal operation• Control transient conditions (shutdown, restart)• Prepare for decontamination activities during containment operations• Plan flushing, cleaning, and retrieval of the containment equipment after end of operations

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This position is well suited to those who are involved in designing and preparing operational procedures for a temporary or permanent subsea production system: • Process Engineering Team Leader or Advisor with subsea experience• Senior Process Engineer with subsea experience• Offshore Installation Manager (OIM)• Senior Subsea Well Test Engineer


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-


SSDI Operations -


Recommended


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3.6 Engineering Group Supervisor

Function in IMT: Engineering Group Supervisor


Responsible for supporting situation assessment and technical response strategy, coordinating engineering activities, and overseeing data quality and documentation.


• Mobilize engineering organization and nominate task fore unit leaders• Compile, validate, and document incident and source control data• Assess the blowout situation, working closely with the Source Control Branch Director to evaluate control options and prepare a

recommendation for the Incident Commander• Estimation of actual discharge rate based on incident particulars• Ensure risks are identified and appropriately mitigated• Provide necessary support for the Engineering and Operational functions within the SCB organization• Coordinate with IMT with regards to advisors outside of the Wells Function• Develop a master response plan for the subsea well response aspect• Ensure compliance with the IAP process

Reports To


Reports

• Geosciences Unit Leader• Drilling Engineering Unit Leader• ROV Unit Leader• Flow Assurance Unit Leader• Marine Unit Leader


The Engineering Group Supervisor has recognized leadership experience and an overall comprehension of the entire response and well kill process. They would preferably have experience in Drilling, Completions, Testing, and in roles that require the skills that consider the full spectrum of Capping and Containment, such as:• Well Engineering Manager• Well Engineering Advisor• Subsea Well Response or Source Control Advisor• Subsea Completions Manager• Technical Authority/Custodian


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ICS/IMS Awareness Recommended Subsea Well Response Awareness

Recommended



Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering

Recommended

Oil Spill Response Optional Deployment and Landing Methods Eng.

Recommended


Recommended

SSWI Logistics (air and sea freight)

Optional



Recommended

Flowback Operations (if applicable)

Recommended

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3.6.1 Geosciences Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Geosciences Unit Leader


Coordinates with geoscience teams and verifies the consistency of the geological/geophysical/reservoir information provided to the various groups in the Source Control Branch. During the incident, the GUL assesses the reservoir behaviour and subsequent effects on drilling activities.


• Compile and document incident and source control data• Estimates actual discharge rate based on incident specific information• Ensure consistency of the Geosciences work across the Source Control Branch• Ensure the Relief Well Group is furnished with the latest Geoscience and shallow hazards assessment data• Support relief well operations in the identification and assessment of geological risks• Provide necessary support for the operational units• Coordinate discipline advisory support across the SCB as needed

Reports To

Engineering Group Supervisor

Reports

No reports


This role is suited for someone who has experience in leading subsurface teams and understands the key input deliverables required by Drilling Engineers from the Subsurface team.• Well Delivery Manager• Subsurface Team Leader• Subsurface Advisor• Geoscience Manager or Supervisor• Geoscience Advisor or Technical Team Lead






Emergencies Management Optional Subsea Well Integrity Engineering Optional



-


SSDI Operations -


-



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3.6.2 Drilling Engineering Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Drilling Engineering Unit Leader


Responsible for all Drilling Engineering activities related to the flowing well and relief well; acts as a support role for the Well Construction Unit Leader.


• Compile and document incident and source control data• Ensure consistency of the Drilling Engineering work across the Source Control Branch• Coordinates drilling engineering advisory support across SCB groups• Support the construction of the master plan in cooperation with the Planning Section• Point of contact for well construction and surveillance background and documentation on incident well

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited to a person with experience in well planning and drilling operations.• Well Engineering Advisor• Senior Drilling Engineer





Human Factors Awareness Optional Estimating WCD and Impacts Optional


Oil Spill Response - Deployment and Landing Methods Eng. Optional


-




-


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3.6.3 ROV Unit Leader

Function in IMT: ROV Unit Leader


Provides ad hoc support and expertise for all the ROV missions undertaken on the incident site. Liaises with the ROV supplier and, monitors ROV SIMOPS in coordination with the SIMOPS Supervisor. Ensures that proper communication is maintained between the vessels and the ROV unit(s) on board those vessels.


• Ensure proper voice and video communication channels between ROV vessels • Ensure consistency of the survey work across the Source Control Branch• Provide necessary support for the Operational functions• Support the construction of the master plan in cooperation with the Planning Section• Liaises with the ROV supplier and monitors ROV SIMOPS in coordination with the SIMOPS Supervisor• Ensures that proper communication is maintained between the vessels and the ROV unit(s) on board those vessels.

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited to someone who has a strong and broad understanding of ROV operations and interfaces. An insight into communication systems is advantageous. • ROV Contractor Operations Manager• Senior Subsea Engineer









Optional




Optional



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3.6.4 Flow Assurance Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Flow Assurance Unit Leader


Brings expertise in the Source Control Branch in all Flow Assurance aspects with focus on efficient flow of hydrocarbons to topsides through to export. They have a particular focus on the prevention of hydrate formation


• Ensure no blockages in the production system • Model the production system and provide a flow assurance plan to the Containment Operations Unit Leader and Containment Group

Supervisor

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is best suited to a flow assurance specialist.• Flow Assurance Advisor or SME• Senior Flow Assurance Engineer





Human Factors Awareness - Estimating WCD and Impacts Recommended




-


SSDI Operations -


Recommended


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3.6.5 Marine Unit Leader

Function in IMT: Marine Unit Leader


Brings expertise in the Source Control Branch in all marine-related aspects. The Marine Unit Leader liaises closely with the SIMOPS Supervisor as numerous vessels are expected to operate in close proximity to each other in and around the incident location. The Marine Unit Leader will ensure that no interference occurs between the different vessels performing the missions of the Source Control Branch: drilling rigs, intervention units, construction vessels, shuttle tankers, tugs. The Marine Unit Leader maintains close contact with the Operations Group to properly incorporate the oil recovery activity (if any) in the assessment of the Source Control Branch operations.


• Responsible for selecting and vetting required vessels for the Source Control Branch• Provide inspection services and confirms the vessel class documents are valid.• Provide guidance on the Activity Specific Operating Guidelines to properly handle SIMOPS aspects in a safe and efficient way• Ensure that any regulatory approvals that are needed to operate are in place• Manage the offloading activities in case Containment is required

Reports To


Reports

No reports


This role is suited for someone who understands operational aspects of dynamically positioned vessel management and risk assessment.• Marine coordinator or Superintendent• Vessel Master or ship OIM









Recommended



Plumes: Modelling, HSE AND DP Process Safety

Recommended



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Glossary of Terms

Term Definition

BOP Stack Subsea Blow out preventer (BOP) and Lower marine riser package (LMRP) as an assembly.

Capping The process in which a capping stack is installed onto a flowing well and then used to shut-in the flowing well.

Capping Stack A subsea device that is installed upon a flowing wellbore to either shut in or regulate flow.

Contractor Company or other legal entity that provides a service to a client.

Containment The process in which a capping stack is installed onto a flowing well and then partially closed in such a way that flow is diverted to surface processing facilities. It differs from Capping in that the well is not shut-in.

HAZID (Hazard Identification) is a qualitative technique for the early identification of potential hazards and threats effecting people, the environment, assets or reputation.

HAZOP A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment.

Relief Well A directional well that is drilled a safe distance from the incident well and designed to intersect the incident well at a certain point and pump fluids into the flowing incident well to stop the flow.

Source Control The process of stopping an uncontrolled flow to the environment.

Third Party Independent party that is not the OEM or equipment owner but is one of the following:• A technical classification society (e.g., American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) or Det Norske

Veritas (DNV)).• A licensed professional engineering firm that performs verifications.

Verification Provision of objective evidence that determines the extent to which a procedure, task, equipment item, operating system, or model conforms to its specification

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Acronyms

Acronym Meaning

BOP Blow Out Preventer

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics

CSR Containment System Riser

IAP Incident Action Plan

IMT Incident Management Team

LEL Lower Explosive Limit

LMRP Lower Marine Riser package

MEG Mono-ethylene Glycol

OIM Offshore Installation Manager

ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle

SCT Source Control Team

SIMA Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment

SSDI Subsea Dispersant Injection

SSTT Subsea Test Tree

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds

WCD Worst Case Discharge

WEC Wells Expert Committee


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References

[1] IOGP Report 594 – Source Control Emergency Response Planning Guide for Subsea Wells

[2] IOGP Report 453 – Safety Leadership in Practice: A guide for Managers

[3] IOGP Report 476 – Recommendations for the Enhancement of Well Control Training

[4] IOGP Report 501 – Crew Resource Management for Well Operations Teams

[5] IOGP Report 502 – Guidelines for Implementing Well Operations Crew Resource Management Training

[6] IOGP Report 517 – Incident Management System for the Oil and Gas Industry

[7] IOGP Report 621 – Demystifying Human Factors: Building Confidence in Human Factors Investigation

[8] IOGP Info Sheet – Understanding and Managing Human Factors in the Wells Sector

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Further Reading

[1] API RP 17W, Recommended practice for Subsea Capping Stacks, 1st Ed., July 2014.

[2] IOGP Report 463 – Deepwater Wells - Global Industry Response Group Recommendations

[3] IOGP Report 464 – Capping & Containment - Global Industry Response Group Recommendations

[4] IOGP Report 465 – Oil Spill Response- Global Industry Response Group Recommendations

[5] IOGP – International recommendations on well incident prevention, intervention and response

[6] IOGP Report 592 – Subsea Capping Response Time Model Toolkit User Guide

[7] IOGP Report 593 – Guidelines on Implementing Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA)

[8] IOGP Report 595 – Subsea Capping Stack Design and Operability Assessment

[9] IOGP Report 520 - Oil Spill Preparedness and Response: An Introduction, 2019

[10] SPE Technical Report, Calculation of Worst Case Discharge and SPE 181393-M

[11] Adams E, Socolofsky S, and Boufadel M. “Evaluation of Models for Subsurface Dispersant Injection Final Report”. Paper submitted to the API Oil Spill response Joint Industry Task Force D3 Subsea Dispersant Injection Modeling Team, June 30, 2017.

[12] Spaulding M. “State of the art review and future directions in oil spill modelling”. Marine Pollution Bulletin 115 (1-2). 2017. p.7-19.

[13] Spaulding M et al. “Application of an Integrated Blowout Model System, OILMAP DEEP, to the Deepwater Horizon Spill”. Marine Pollution Bulletin 120 (1-2). 2017. p. 37-50.

[14] French-McCay D, Crowley D, and McStay L. “Sensitivity of modeled oil fate and exposure from a subsea blowout to oil droplet sizes, depth, dispersant use and degradation rates” Marine Pollution Bulletin 146. 2019. p.779-793.

[15] OGUK, Guidelines on Relief Well Planning for Offshore Wells, Issue 2, March 2013.

[16] For more information on Human Factors and Human Performance: www.hpog.org.


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http://www.hpog.org

This report was developed to share guidance with those interested in understanding subsea well response competency and the skills that sit within it. This report focuses on Source Control Branch workers and provides guidance that enhances an already established skillset, such as a Drilling Superintendent or Subsea Operations Manager. The contents of this report target response organization leaders and not individual contributors. Competency is an element of organizational preparedness and builds on IOGP Report 594 - Source Control Emergency Response Planning Guide for Subsea Wells.

www.iogp.orgRegistered OfficeCity TowerLevel 1440 Basinghall Street London EC2V 5DE United Kingdom

T +44 (0)20 3763 [email protected]

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T +1 (713) 261 [email protected]

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T +44 (020) 7633 [email protected]

Guidance for Subsea Source Control Competency and Skills

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