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Giving local creativity and traditional knowledge its due :

grassroots to global (g2G)

Anil Gupta, founder, Honey bee network, sristi, IIMA and NIFanilgb@gmail.com

Honey Bee Network

founded in 1987-1988

A nameless, faceless innovator or traditional knowledge holder comes into contact with the Network and gets an identity.

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SRISTI (Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, 1993) is a developmental voluntary

organization, set up to strengthen the Honey Bee Network of grassroots innovators engaged in conserving biodiversity and

developing sustainable solutions to local problems.

http://www.sristi.org Note on SRISTI

biodiversity

Modern R and D

Give me a place to stand, I will move the word

• Economcially Poor often leverage a resource in which they are rich: knowledge (+ ethics, institutions, cooperation)

• Living root bridge, Meghalaya

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Meghalaya

Technology is like words,

institutions are

like grammarand culture is like

thesaurus

Three pillars of sustainability

Andhra Pradesh Meghalaya

Mizoram

Energy: Do we harvest efficiently?

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Herbal Agricultural Products growth promoters, fruit ripeners, anti-

termite products, pesticides

Herbal Veterinary Products formulations for mastitis, bloat, ephemeral

fever, diarrohea, rop, lactogogue, etc

Kamaal/Clamp – herbal formulation for agricultural use

Ishwar Singh Kundu, Haryana

The product has diffused through sales channels widely in Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, parts of Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh

Community knowledge based herbal plant growth promoters and pesticides

Products sold throughout the country with share of profit going back to the community

Herbal medication for mastitisUkhardiyabhai Somabhai Raot, GujaratTechnology is available under the brand name Mastiherb

Herbal medication for ephemeral feverNaval Kishore Singh, BiharTechnology is available under the brand name Ephelixin-3D

JANAKI Devi,

Western Champaran, Bihar,

innovator of a herbal pesticide, patent filed by NIF on her innovation, testing done in SRISTI natural product lab

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Technology is like words, institutions are like grammarand culture is thesaurus

Helicoverpa armigera

Pod borer

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Herbal Neem stabilizer

Kanubharti Mojibharti Bavaji, Junagadh, Gujarat

Validation: Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur

Insecticidal activities of one of the grassroots practices (a combination of five ingredients) wer e tested in different ratio against Lepidopterons

• Practice was found to be effective against Helicoverpa armigera larvae and exhibited Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) like activities.

• In all the combination tested, larvae failed to reach pupation stage and many died during larval stages. Similar activities were recorded in Spodoptera litura, however some of the larvae reached to pupation but failed to hatch into adults

• In dose response assay activity was retained up to 2%.

Validation: Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur

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Spodoptera litura (Fab)

Tobacco caterpillar

Plutella xylostella

Diamond back moth

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Neem extract

010000002000000300000040000005000000600000070000008000000

0 2 4 6 8 10 20

UV exposure (in min)

Are

a

Peak 1

Peak 2

Peak 3

Peak 4

Peak 5

Practice 2 (mixture)

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

0 2 4 6 8 10 20

UV exposure (in min)

Are

a

Peak 1

Peak 2

Peak 3

Peak 4

Peak 5

Peak 6

Peak 7

Effect of UV exposure to chemical profile of Neem extract and Mixture

� Cliquez pour éditer le format du plan de texte

� Second niveau de plan

− Troisième niveau de plan

� Quatrième

Herbal medicine for Typhoid CInnovator/TK holder:

Shri Shatrughna Prasad | 70 Years | 7th Std | Herbal healer |

Hazaribag, Jharkhand| Dr. Ambedkar Seva Sanathan

Brief about innovation :

Use of a local plant for the treatment of typhoid

Methodology :

About 10-15 g young tender shoots (fresh or dried)

is ground along with a cup of water and filtered.

The extract is given orally to the patient.

Dose: One cup juice twice a day till recovery.

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Typhoid Fever

•Typhoid is one of the most common worldwide bacterial diseases transmitted by ingestion of food and water, contaminated with Salmonella typhi. Poor sanitation conditions promote the occurrence and re-occurrence of typhoid •Symptoms of typhoid includes frequent fever and gastric problems.•Typhoid fever persist for three weeks to a month, which may be fatal if not treated.

•Treatment of typhoid includes various chemical drugs such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin etc

•Resistance of causal organism towards these commonly used drugs is one of the major concern worldwide. Typhoid resistance to these drugs are known as Multi Drug Resistant Typhoid (MDR-Typhoid)

Herbal Formulation for Typhoid:

•Extract and fractions obtained from a plant were evaluated against causal organism of typhoid and all of them showed good control in in vitro conditions.

•Toxicity of the above was also tested in in vivo conditions in Swiss albino mice at different dose and it was found non-toxic even at the oral dose of 1200mg/kg.

Aqueous extract of formulation can inhibit 40 isolates (E. coli, S. typhi B 3385, C3891, E1590) at 250 µg/ml and 4 isolates were inhibited at <512 µg/ml. The sensitivity of these isolates to alcoholic extract was at 512 to 1000 µg/ml.

Validation: Indian Council of Medical Research, Virus Unit, Kolkata.

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Organisms

formulation Antibiograms

Aqueous Methanolic

Salmonella typhiserovar typhi

C-5685 450 450 -

C-7087 350 512 -

D-878 450 450 -

D-1604 350 450 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

D-1716 350 550 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

D-2190 350 450 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

D-7372 350 512 -

D-7652 350 512 -

D-7672 450 450 -

E-856 350 450 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

E-860 350 512 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

E-1349 350 512 -

E-1590 250 450 Cr Ar SXTr NAr

E-2990 350 450 -

E-3316 350 450 -

E-3404 350 450 -

G-1846 450 512 -

S. typhi MTCC734 350 550 -

A, ampicillin; C, chloramphenicol; T, tetracycline; Q, cotrimoxazole; NA, nalidixic Acid; NOR, norfloxacin; SXT, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim; CIP, ciprofloxacin; OFX, ofloxacin; Amc, amoxicillin wit h clavulanic acid; NA, nalidixic acid; CTX, cefotaxime; NOR, norfloxacin; *, intermediate; SXT, Sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim.

Evaluation of Plant extracts for their anti-cancer properties”

•The plants extract evaluated for its efficacy against Skin cancer cell lines (B16F10 - LucG5) showed significant reduction in the % cell viability.

•The growth of cancer cells were reduced when they were treated with extracts.

•A dose dependent relationship was observed, higher the concentration of the extract higher was the reduction in the cell proliferation.

• The herbal extract is very effective against the cancer cell lines.

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•Two compounds obtained from two plants were evaluated for their inhibition effect on migration of melanoma cancer cells using wound assay

•Cell migration of the cancer cells from one part to another was reduced due to treatment with herbal extract.

•Reduction in Cancer cell migration will reduce the proliferation of cancer to one part of the body to another

Silk (Protien) Producing Structure of Spider

Spinneret one of the specialized silk-handling devices found in spiders. 4 pairs (2 on 10th segment and 2 on 11th abdominal segment)

Spinnerets are movable, sclerotized tubes composed of several segments; they vary in size, and are mostly conical in web-spinning species. The silk glands produce a protein (fibroin) as a liquid which is emitted through tiny spigots on the ends and ventral sides of the spinnerets.

“Spider Protein Formulation for Blood Clotting”

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“Spider Protein Formulation”

Culture of Salivary (Ampullate gland)

Growth of Spider Ampullate gland in Plate

Magnified view of two type of cells of Spiders Ampullate gland

Microscopic view of Spiders Ampullate gland

The formulation of spider cell line was prepared in lab and was tested for blood clotting.

Blood samples were treated with different concentration and clotting time was recorded.

Treatment of blood with spider formulation reduced the clotting time and the blood coagulated immediately.

The formulation contains specific proteins obtained from spider cells.

Formulation of protein when tested in in vitro showed instant clotting @ 300l/ 1.5 ml blood.

Key lessons :

a) Tk is not uniformly distributed, some times neighboring villages don’t know, sometimes within a village people don’t know

b) There is a huge difference between those who know but can t practice vis a vis those who can do both

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c) Without generating an ethical value chain, there is not any benefit that will be shared; both market driven and self use driven open source and protected tech domains need to be nurtured; patents are important but collegial learning is even more important. Acknowledgement of people’s knowledge at all stages of value chain including on packages

d) Moving towards Tech commons: self employed people who work with their hands and are at near subsistence level need to be encouraged to copy and imitate the knowledge, but firms cannot usurp the people’s tk and tjk based innovations without licensing

Tech commons continued:

Lead innovations and derivative innovations by a group of grassroots innovators and tk holders are kept in bundle. This bundle by common consent can be licensed to a firm but members of a community and other self employed people can copy and adapt it for their own survival

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E) PIC needs to be taken at different stages, assuring too much before finding out out novelty will raise expectations which may not be fulfilled, it will lead to frustration ( see nifindia.org) .

F) Formal and informal science have to be blended before valuable IP can really be created. Unless significant value is added, formal sector scientists may not insist on co-inventorship in patent applications. In any case credit may be given in ip in relevant cases but assignment may still be done in the name of local communities

G: There is no fast track for applications based on TK at any level, national or international level

H: A clearing house mechanism may be created so that market opportunities may be generated for them

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Should accuracy be traded off with affordability

Should design overtake durability

Should desires be preferred over deserving

Trade offs in

inclusive

development

Innovation

InvestmentEnterprise

GOLDEN TRIANGLE for rewarding CREATIVITY

Leadership is to take note of ex ante and ex poste transaction costs and deal with them upfront,

If not, these are transferred to the weaker partner

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Making Breakthroughs for markets

Incubator R & D

Product Development,

Business

Development, Market

Research

Sanctuary

(Paradigmatic Shift)

Known

Known

Unknown

Unknown

Product

Mar

ket

Models of innovations:

• empathetic innovations

• Pooling of distributed ideas, TK for generating innovations and triggering experimentation

• Inverted model of innovations: creative children

• Open source pool of innovations: honey bee database of thousand of people’s ideas available on web, but then why so few

• Tech commons: people to people copying is allowed and encouraged, but people to Firm is not

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Mind to market: the case of herbavate

Herbvate: a skin ointment

It is based on the traditional knowledge of seven innovative comunities from six districts Sabarkanth, Panchmahal, Dang, Mahsana, Patan and Bhavnagar of Gujarat. Herbavate exhibits remarkable properties against eczema and variety of inflammatory and infectious skin conditions.

Communities: The innovative communities of Herbavate represented by seven tk holders : 1. Amratbhai Shankarbhai Rawal, Mehsana Gujarat. 2. Kunjubhai Kakadiyabhai Bhoya, Dang Gujarat 3. Pujabhai Dabhi, Sabarkantha, Gujarat 4. Karshanbhai Parmar, Sabarkantha Gujarat 5. Laxmanbhai Pagi, Panchmahal, Gujarat 6. Lilabhai Rawal, Patan Gujarat 7. Lakhabhai Becharbhai Khatana, Bhavnagar Gujarat

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Pooling of distributed knowledge to trigger innovative products

Recognition to Innovators

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Back to lab leads

Traditional foods: functional food and nutraceuticals

• Nutrition

• Health

• Conservation of agro-biodivetrsity through market demand

• Benefit sharing

• Sharing Cultural knowledge

• Weaning younger generation away from western junk food culture

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Satvik Traditional Food Festival, iim campus

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TAF( technology Acquisition Fund)

• Technology Commons and Technology Acquisition Fund : expanding public domain and licensing tech at low or no cost to small entrepreneurs

Inclusive Indian innovation eco-system

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Informal Network of like minded people and organizations. It has no physical address

First formal steps, an NGO to support the HBN

Regional Technology Business Incubators to augment grassroots innovation through value addition & business development

National level body supported by DST. Govt of India to scale up green grassroots innovations

Honey Bee Network- an Incubator of Institutions

Mining the minds of masses

• NIF has mobilized more than 160,000 ideas, innovation, and traditional knowledge practices, of course not all unique, from over 500 districts of India. Patents have been filed for more than 450 grassroots innovations and outstanding tk practices in India and USA; much more are in public domain

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Functions

Scouting and

Documentation

Dissemination &Information Technology

Value Addition& Product

Development

IPRs Management

NIF

Enterprise& Business

Development

Current Status

• Scouted more than 170,000, ideas, innovations, traditional knowledge practices (Not all unique)

• 574 patents filed on behalf of innovators

• 500 projects supported for value addition

• 189 projects under Micro venture innovation fund

• Transferred 54 technologies to 70 licensees

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www.techpedia.in

• recently a new initiative techpedia.in, (a portal by SRISTI ( www.sristi.org) pooling 150,000 engineering and other tech projects by 450k students from over 500 institutions) etc., engaging with youth in the one of the youngest country

•

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Shodh yatra every summer, every winter

Business Development and MVIF

( g2G)

National Innovation Foundation

www.nifindia.org/bd

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G2G grassroots to global

Global GIAN – Building Global Value

Chain for augmentation of Green

Grassroots Innovations

Sales made1. Coconut tree climber- USA (Florida, Massachussets, California,

Hawaii etc.) Australia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Mexico, West Indies

1. Pomegranate deseeder-Turkey, USA

1. Garlic peeling machine-Pakistan

1. Arecanut husker- Singapore

1. Milking machine-Phillipines, Uganda, Ethiopia

1. Resin grading machine-Peru

1. Cassava peeling machine-kenya

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Product enquiries:

Sl no. Innovation/product Countires

1 Coconut/palm tree climbing device USA, United Kingdom, Vietnam, Australia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Iran, West Indies

2 Entech oil expeller USA, United Kingdom, Australia, Phillipines, Canada, Kenya, Colombia, S. Africa, Switzerland, Poland, Indonesia, Belgium

3 Garlic peeling machine Slovenia, USA, Turkey, Peru, Singapore, Iran , Venezuela, Pakistan

4 Pomegranate deseeding machine USA, Australia, Turkey, Venezuela, Hongkong, Israel, Netherlands, Thailand, UAE, Iran, United Kingdom

5 Cassava peeling machine Congo, USA, Benin, Nigeria, Kenya, UAE, Uganda

6 Aaruni tilting cart Uganda

7 Coconut defibring machine China

8 Coconut dehusker Mexico, New Zealand, USA, Philippines, Bangladesh

9 Lemon cutting machine S. Africa

10 Milking machine Bangladesh, Uganda, Ecuador

11 Palm leaf mat weaving machine Fiji

12 Rain Gun (Chandraprabha) Sudan

13 Tea making machine Bangladesh,

14 Tile making machine Bangladesh, Kenya, Rwanda, Ghana, Zambia

15 Trench digging machine Pakistan

16 Zero head water turbine Egypt

17 Arecanut dehusking machine Chile

How to reward: Portfolio of Incentives for farmers’

innovations

material-individual

Ipr or non ipr based awardsAwardsR and d grantsEndowments

non-material-individual

Recognition HonourMemorial

material-collectiveTrust fundsVenture and incubation fundsCollective awardsSupp for Institution buildingendowments

non-material-collectivePolicy changes

Pedagogic changes

Forms of incentivesMaterial non material

Target

Of individual

Incentives

collective

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Creating networks :

No one organization is likely to possess sufficient information or knowledge to enable it to achieve it s goals

Shaping future requires working sometimes without templates :

Integration of different streams of thought and action require incorporation, assimilation and adaptation of the strengths of each system

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Shadows of sustainable spirit: trying to look for frugal, diverse, resilient and simultaneous solutions , as nature does all the time

How hungry are we to scout, spawn and sustain green innovations based on TK for inclusive development?

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Shall we take notice of grassroots innovations only when these falls out of place?

How did it happen:

The journey…..

SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH AND INITIATIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTITUTIONS (www.SRISTI.org ) info@sristi.org

GRASSROOTS INNOVATION AUGMENTATION NETWORK (wwwGIAN.org)

NATIONAL INNOVATION FOUNDATION (www.NIFindia.org ) info@nifindia.org

Anilg@sristi.org

Honey bee network , informal global social movement, started in 1987-88,

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• Creativity counts

• Knowledge matters

Innovations transform

Incentives inspire

Join the honey bee network

» For rewarding indigenous creativity and innovation

» www.Techpedia.in

» www.Sristi.org/anilg

» www.Nifindia.org

» Contact us: info@nifindia.org

» anilgb@gmail.com

» 09825014437