General Overview of Forest Policy Processes in Central Asia

www.fao.org/forestry

General Overview of Forest Policy Processes in Central Asia

Dr. Çağlar Başsüllü Junior Consultant

Regional Workshop on Impacts of the Recent Forest Policy Development on the Condition of the Local Population and Forests

11-13 March 2015 Istanbul-Turkey

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Policy, legislation and national forest programme or strategy linkages

Forest areas and local population relations in SEC countries

Main characteristics of forest policy documents in SEC countries

Main challenges of forests and forestry sector in SEC countries 4

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1

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Content

A case study from Turkey (policy-local population perspective) 2

List of policy documents in SEC countries 6

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• Law establishes rights and responsibilities

• Legislation is an instrument for implementing a policy

• Provides legal basis

1 2 Legislation Policy

• Provides direction

• Set broad vision

• Set objectives and goals

Policy and legislation linkages

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Policy and national forest programme or strategy linkages

• A strategy provides direction on the approach to achieve the goals and objectives set by a policy.

• NFPs are long-term master plans to implement the policy or strategy.

z National Forest Policy

Policy states «Supply industrial and firewood demands of forest villagers in accordance with legislation; reduce social pressure and harmful interventions towards the forests while supporting forest villagers by relevant establishments with using rural development funds»

A case study from Turkey (policy-local population perspective)

Policy for local people

z National Rural Development Strategy

Strategy states «Increase income and employment opportunities

of forest villagers; create alternative activities with local resources in the lands that agricultural development is not sufficient, forest villages in particular»


Programmes, Plans and Strategies for local people

Rural Development Plan 2010-2013

Plan has objectives in the context of enhancing forest-village relationship;

• Poverty reduction in forest villages, • Increase support provided for forest villages, • Increase non-wood livelihood resources in forest villages.

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National Forest Program 2004-2023

Program has objectives;

i. Supply wood demands of forest villagers, ii. Utilization from non-wood forest products and water resources

inside forests, iii. Grazing in forest lands, iv. Employment in forest activities to enhance livelihoods and

reduce poverty of forest villagers,

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General Directorate of Forestry Stratejic Plan 2013-2017

Plan states «Support socioeconomic development in forest villages to ensure sustainable forestry activities»



10th Development Program 2014-2018

Program states «Develop supportive tools to solve or reduce development problems in the villages settled in or near protected areas and on mountains, forest villages in particular»

Turkey National Action Program for Combating Desertification

Program states «Support socioeconomic development of forest villagers to reduce their dependence on forests and ensure conservation of forests»

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Forest Law No. 6831

Articles 2, 13, 31-40 and 98 are related with forest villages and villagers.


Legislation for local people

The Constitution Article No.170 (Conservation and protection of forest villagers)

• Development of forest villagers who lives in or near the forests;

• Settlement of forest villagers partially or completely in a different place and rehabilitation of these new lands for the benefit and utilization for people by State are regulated by law.

• State takes necessary precautions to facilitate operation equipment’s and other inputs of these people.

• Lands belong to village people are reforested immediately as State forests after the transfer of villages.

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Regulation on the Implementation of the Articles 31, 32 and 33 of Forest Law No.6831

The regulation organizes the industrial and firewood supply for forest villagers, refugees and forest villagers who exposed to natural disasters.


Legislation for local people

Law on Organization and Obligations of the General Directorate of Forestry No. 3234

GDF has responsibilities to support villagers who settled in or near forests in cash and in-kind resources; enhance forest-community relations and take necessary precautions...

Law on Support for Development of Forest Villagers No. 2924

Basic law for providing support for development of forest villagers. Law also regulates the transfer of villages…

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Financial support for local people

• Since 1974, 1.2 billion USD of social and economic individual loan for livestock, beekeeping, handcraft, etc., has been provided for 450.000 families.

• Totally, 5 billion USD payment and credit support were provided to forest villagers in last 12 years.

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Forest areas and local population relations in SEC countries

Forest Area Rural Population

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Example text

• Climate change

• Forest degradation and deforestation

• Biodiversity loss

• Land conversion and degradation

• Water scarcity and drought

• Erosion

• Desertification

• Loss and degradation of natural habitats

• Illegal logging

• Overgrazing

• Pests, diseases and fires

2 Global and Social Problems

• Financial problems

• Forest governance problems

• Law-enforcement problems

• Institutional, human resources and capacity problems

• Inadequate stakeholders’ participation, public awareness and intersectoral cooperation

• Lack of forest planning and monitoring

• Lack of data on forests and forest policies

• Insufficient use of forests

• Unsustainable tourism

1 Institutional and Economic Problems

Main challenges of forests and forestry sector in SEC countries

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1

Current national forest policy statements and programmes identifies the following issues:

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Manage, maintain or enhance the ecosystem goods and services provided by forests for poverty reduction and sustainable development,

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Ensure sustainable use and management of forests in accordance with laws and regulations; functional planning and monitoring of forests,

Protect and enhance the extent and quality of environment and forests, including productive capacity, health and vitality,

Biodiversity conservation and use, combat desertification, erosion, climate change and pest and diseases; reduce forest crimes,

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Current national forest policy statements and programmes identifies the following issues:

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Land classification; reduce forest degradation and deforestation, forest cadastrate,

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Forestry activities such as afforestation and rehabilitation and management of protected areas, identification of licensed activities such as hunting, mining,

Design and strengthen institutional structure and staff capacity, improve public awareness, research,

Identification of financial flows and support for the development of rural people...

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thank you! спасибо!

Dr. Çağlar BAŞSÜLLÜ Forest Engineer, Ph.D.

Junior Consultant Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Sub-regional Office for Central Asia Office Phone: +90 312 307 95 36

e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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General Overview of Forest Policy Processes in Central Asia

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