Focus March 2017.pdf - Niyamasabha.org

PREFACE

The ‘FOCUS’ is published by the Kerala Legislature Secretariatfor the use of the members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. It is adigest containing articles and excerpts from books on subjects of currentintellectual, political, social and cultural interest, news, reports of the

commissions and committees and reviews of books. The views expressedtherein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe Kerala Legislature Secretariat.

Materials reproduced from other sources may not be republished inany form. Inquiries regarding permission for publication may be addresseddirectly to the sources cited.

`

V.K. BABU PRAKASH, SECRETARY,KERALA LEGISLATURE.

VOL. XLVII MARCH 2017 No. 3

CONTENTS

ARTICLES page

\ntcµ tZhv

\h hnI-k\ amXrI : ImÀjnI taJ-ebv¡pw KmaoW C´ybv¡pw Dt -P\w

[tbmP\, 2017 amÀ v]

1 - 11

hÀ¤okv BâWn shÀNzÂ cmPys¯ tSmÄ ssk\yw

[amXr- qan BgvN- -Xn- v, 2017 amÀ v 12-þ18] 12 - 35

T.K.Rajalakshmi

For affordable Stents [Frontline, March 17, 2017]

36 - 44

C.P.Chandrasekhar Wicked loans & bad banks [Frontline, March 17, 2017]

45 - 49

T.S. Subramanian Stellar feat [Frontline, March 17, 2017]

50 - 54

Sunil Bahri Book Review : Closely Watched Trains A review of the book ‘ India’s Railway Man’ by Rajendra Aklekar [Outlook, March 20, 2017]

55 - 57

LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS: Resume of Business Transacted during the Tenth Session of the Sixteenth Loksabha.

58- 69

1

\h hnI-k\ amXrI : Im¿jnI taJ-ebv°pw KmaoW

C¥ybv°pw DtØ-P-\w.

\ntcµ tZhv

Gsd km[y-X-Iƒ D≠m-bn´pw Im¿jnI kºZv hyh-ÿbpw Kma

-hn -I-k-\hpw C¥y-bn¬ ]Xo-£n® t\´-ß-ƒ Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬

D≠m-°nbn-´n-s√∂Xv hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ 2017˛18 te°p-ff _P‰v

]e hn[-Ønepw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv F∂v ImWmw. h¿≤n®

XpI \o°n-h-bv°¬, icn-bmb ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Is≠-Ø¬, IrXy-amb am¿K-

tcJ Xøm-dm-°pI F∂n-h-bn-eqsS Im¿jnI taJ-esb hnim-e-ambn

t\m°n-°m-Wm-\pw, Kma-hn-I-k-\-sa∂ e£yw t\Sm≥ sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Ip∂

kzm`mhn-Ihpw a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-hp-amb XS- -ßƒ \o°w sNøm\pw

CØ-h-WsØ _P‰v Gsd klm-b-I-amIpw icn-bmb k¥p-e-\-am-Wv

Cs°m-√sØ _P-‰ns‚ apJy khn-ti-j-X, Kmao-W-ta-J-ebv°v \¬Inb

Du∂¬, Im¿jnI kaq -l-Øn\v \¬Inb ssIØm-ßv, \mK-cnI

D]-t`m -‡m-°ƒ°p-ff klmbw F∂n-h -bmWv _P-‰nse ][m\

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

KmaoW, Im¿jnI A\p-_-‘-ta-J-e-Iƒ°v 2017˛18 kmº-ØnI h¿jw

1,87,223 tImSn cq]-bmWv \o°n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ign-™-h¿jsØ At]-£n®v

24 % h¿≤-\-bmWv CØ-hW hcp-Øn-b-Xv. ‘F√mhcp-tSbpw ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS

Gh¿°pw hnI-k\w’ F∂ apZm-hm-Iy-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-ambn cmPy-Øns‚

hf¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw F√m hn`m-K-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-f-fn-®p-ff

hf¿® km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn Im¿jn-I, A\p-_‘ taJ-e-I-fnse

ASn-ÿm\ kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øn-\mWv CØ-h-WsØ _P-‰n¬ Du∂¬

\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

I¿j-I¿°v anI® hcp -am\w Dd∏p hcp -Øp -∂-Xn¬ Ign™

Zi-I-ß-fn¬ ]mfn-®-Iƒ D≠m-bn- p-≠v. hn]-Wn-Iƒ NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ Ahÿ

CXn\v Hcp Imc-W-ambXmbn ImWmw. CXv a\- n-em°n kwtbm-PnX

2

hn]-Wn°v cq]w \¬Im\pw hn]-W\ cwKsØ hnS-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah

\nI-Øp-∂-Xn\pw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn®p Ign-™p.

Im¿jnI Dev]-∂-ßƒ°v anI® hne

I¿j-I¿°v Ah-cpsS Dev]-∂-ßƒ°v anI® hne Dd∏v hcp-Øp-∂-

Xns‚ `mK-ambn kwÿm-\-ßƒ°v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ Icm¿ Irjn

coXn-bpsS amXrIm \nbaw kw_-‘n®pw [\-a¥n _P-‰n¬ shfn®w hoin.

tZiob Ce-IvtSm-WnIv Im¿jnI hn]Wn (e-NAM) bpsS Iogn¬ IqSp-X¬

\nb-¥nX Im¿jnI hn]-Wn-Iƒ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\mWv Kh¨sa‚ v Du∂¬

\¬In-b-Xv.

(e-NAM) s‚ Iogn¬ Ct∏mƒ 250 Im¿jn-tIm-ev∏∂ hn]W\

Iº-\n-Iƒ Df-fXv 585 Bbn Db¿Øm-\mWv ]≤-Xn-sb∂v [\-a¥n _P‰v

]kw-K-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°n. IqSmsX hrØn-bm-°¬, Xcw Xncn-°¬, ]mbv°v

sNø¬ tPmen-Iƒ°mbn Hmtcm e-NAM hn]Wn°pw 75 e£w cq] hoXw

A\p-h-Zn -°p-sa∂pw [\-a¥n Adn-bn-®p. 2016 ¬ XpS-°-an´ e-NAMCe-IvtSm-WnIv hym]m-c-Øn-eqsS h≥am-‰-ßƒ°mIpw hgn-sbm-cp-°p-I.

I¿j-I¿ ASn-°Sn t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-bmb hne Aÿn-c-Xbv°v

anI® DØ-c-amWv e-NAM. I¿j-I¿ t\cn-Sp∂ ]e sh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpw Ipdn®v

t_m[y-ap -s≠∂v Irjn a¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ASp-ØnsS ]pd-Øn-d-°nb

dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-bp-∂p. CS-\n-e-°m-cpsS km∂n-≤y-amWv CXn¬ ][m\

]iv\w. CS-\n-e-°msc ]msS Hgn-hm°n hne \n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ kpXm-cyX Dd∏v

hcp-Øp-I-bmWv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ e£yw. Hmtcm Dev]-∂-Øn\pw cmPy-Øp-S-

\ofw Hcp ASn-ÿm\ hne Kh¨sa‚ v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øpw. CXn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-

am-Ip-∂Xv e-NAM Bbn-cn°pw.

e-NAM F∂Xv Hcp Hm¨sse≥ hym]-c-thZn BsW∂pw kam-¥c

hn]-W\ kwhn-[m-\-ambn ImW-cp-sX∂pw tIµ Irjn a¥m-ebw Ign-™-

h¿jw Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Im¿jnI Itºm-f-ß-fpsS tZiob

3

irwJe Hm¨sse≥ aptJ\ _‘-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Xc-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-

°m-\p-ff Hcp D]m-[n-bmWv e-NAM F∂v IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Itºm-f-ß-fnse ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ßƒ Hm¨sse≥ t]m¿´¬

aptJ\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ e-NAM klmbI-am-Ipw. kwÿm-\-Øn\v

]pd-Øp-f-f-h¿°v t]mepw hym]m-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ e-NAM thZn-bmIpw

8 kwÿm-\-ß-fn-embn 21 Itºm-f-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥ ]≤Xn

e£y-an-Sp-∂p. DØ¿]-tZiv (6), KpP-dmØv (3), sXe-¶m\ (5), cmP-ÿm≥ (1),

a[y-]-tZiv (1),lcn-bm-\(2), Qm¿J-WvUv (1) lnam-N¬ ]tZiv (2)

F∂n-ß-s\-bm-W-h.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw Nne ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kpXm-cyX

Dd∏v hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Im¿jnI hn]-Wn-I-fn¬ \n∂v AI‰n \n¿Øm≥

Kh¨sa‚ v Dt±-in-°p∂ CS-\n-e-°m-cpsS ]iv\-amWv I¿j-I¿ apJy-ambn

t\cn-Sp-∂Xv.

thKw tISp-h-cp∂ Dev]-∂-ßsf Im¿jn-tIm-ev]∂ hn]-W\

Iº-\n -I-fnse ]´n -I-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn -hm -°-W-sa∂v [\-a¥n _P‰v

]kw-K-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Xß-fpsS Dev]∂w anI® hne°v

hn¬°m≥ CXv I¿j-Isc A\p-h-Zn-°p-sa∂v [\-a¥n ]d-™p. ]gw,

]®-°dn I¿j-Isc `£y kwkvI-cW bqWn-‰p-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn

sa®-s∏´ hne Dd∏v hcp -Øm\pw hnf -sh-Sp -∏n\v tijw Dev]∂w

]mgm-Ip -∂Xv XS-bm-\p -amWv Kh¨sa‚ v e£y-an -Sp -∂-sX∂v _P‰v

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m- p-∂p.

Hmtcm Xpf-fn°pw A[nI hnfhv F∂ e£yw t\Sm-\mbn ssatIm

Pe-tk-N\ ^≠n\v \_m¿Uv cq]w \¬Ip-sa∂v Kh¨sa‚ v ]Jym-]n-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. CXn-\mbn 5000 tImSn cq]-bpsS k©nX \n[n°pw cq]w \¬In.

8000 tImSn cq] -bpsS £oc hnI-k\ \n[n°pw \_m¿Uv cq]w

\¬Ip -∂p -≠v. KpP-dm -Øv, I¿Æm-S -I, alm-cmjvS XpSßn Nne

4

kwkv-Ym-\-ßƒ°v amXta £oc hnI-k\ cwKØv t\´w sImøm≥

Ign-™n- p-≈q. \n›nX Imem-h-[n-°p-≈n¬ hmbv]m Xh-W-Iƒ AS-bv°p∂

I¿j-I¿°v aq∂v iX-am\w A[nI Ingnhpw Cs°m-√sØ _P-‰n¬

]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v.

\S∏v h¿jw Im¿jnI taJe 4.1 iX-am\w hf¿® tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp

-sa-∂mWv [\-a-¥n-bpsS ]Xo-£. Jmco-^v, dm_n hnf-Iƒ°v Cs°m√w

hnØn-d-°n-bXv IqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv Imcy-ßƒ kpK-a-am-Ip-sa-∂-Xns‚

kqN-\-bmbn ImWmw.

Ign-™-h¿jw XpS-°-an´ hnf C≥jp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn-bmb ][m-\-a¥n

^k¬ _oa tbmP-\-°p-ff \o°n-bn-cn∏v \S∏v h¿jw ap≥ h¿j _P‰v

hnln-X-amb 5500 tImSn°v ]Icw 13,240 tImSn- cq-]-bmbn Db¿Ønsb-∂Xv

]Xn-k‘n t\cn-Sp∂ I¿j-Isc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff Kh¨sa‚ns‚

ia-amWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ASpØ h¿j-tØ°v 9000 tImSn cq]bpw

\o°nh®n-´p-≠v. ta¬∏-d™ ]≤Xn 2016˛17 ¬ 30% Irjn ÿeØv

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-¶n¬ 2017˛18 ¬ 40% ÿe-tØ°pw 2018-˛19 ¬ 50%

hnkvXr-Xn-bn-te°pw Db¿Øm-\mWv e£y-sa∂v [\-a¥n ]d-™p.

hnf C≥jp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn°v A[nI XpI \o°n hbv°m-\p-ff

Kh¨sa‚ v Xocp-am-\sØ ]m¿e-sa‚n-\-IØpw ]pdØpw ]Xn-]£

I£n-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS kzmKXw sNbvXp. Pe-tk-N\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°m-bp-ff

][m-\-a¥n Irjn-kn-©mbn tbmP-\-bmWv Cs°m-√sØ _P-‰n¬ CSw t\Snb

as‰mcp Im¿jnI t£a ]≤-Xn.

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ as‰mcp khn-ti-j ]≤-Xn-bmb aÆv ]cn-tim-[\m

Im¿Un-s\-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°sh I¿j-I¿°v Ah-cpsS aÆns‚ ]cn-tim-[-\m-

5

-e-ßƒ thK-Øn¬ e`y-am-°n-bm¬ amXta I¿j-I¿°v ]tbm-P\w D≠mIq

F∂v [\-a¥n Nq≠n°m´n. Irjn hn⁄m\ tIµßfn¬ an\n em_p-Iƒ

k÷o-I-cn®v 648 tIµ-ßfpw CXns‚ Iogn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Kh¨sa‚ v

e£y-an-Sp-∂p. CXp-Iq-SmsX tbmKy-cmb kwcw- -I¿ hgn 1000 sNdp-InS aÆv

]cn-tim-[\m ime-Ifpw Bcw`n-°p-sa∂v [\-a¥n Adn-bn-®p. CXp-Iq-SmsX

Zo¿L-Ime Pe-tk-N\ ^≠n\v \_m¿Uv CXn-\Iw cq]w \¬In-bn- p-≠v.

Ipf-ßfnepw a‰pw ag-sh≈w XS™p \n¿Øp-∂Xpw Kma-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-

tebpw Im¿jnI taJ-e-I-fn-tebpw ASn-ÿm\ kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øns‚

`mK-am-sW∂v Irjn a¥m-eb DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ]d-bp-∂p. ag-°p-dhv t\cn-Sp∂

]tZ -i -ß-fn¬ ]tXy -In -®pw, Pe-tk-N\w \S -Øp-∂-Xn¬ CXv

\n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv. Pe-tk-N-\-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-_-‘-ambn Kma- -\-Kc ]tZ-

i-ß-fn¬ ag-sh-ff kw -cWw \n¿_-‘-am°n ]e kwÿm-\-ßfpw \nb-a-

\n¿ΩmWw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 2014 ¬ Ct∏m-gsØ Kh¨sa‚ v XpS-°-an´

][m -\ -a¥n Irjn kn©mbn tbmP\ AØ-c -Øn¬ kp]-[m\

Nph-Sp-sh-bv]mbn IW-°m°mw. I¿j-I-cpsS hcp-am\w 2022 HmsS

Cc-´n-bm-°m≥ e£y-an´v Im¿jn-I, Im¿jn-tI-Xc taJ-e-I-fnse CS-s]-S¬

]p\-c-h-tem-I\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v Du¿÷nX ia-ß-fmWv _P‰v hn`m-h\w

sNøp-∂-Xv.

Kma-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\mbn A[nI hnlnXw

KmaoW taJ-e-°p-ff sNehv hnlnXw h¿≤n-∏n-°mØ ]£w KmaoW

C¥y-bpsS ÿnXn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂ ]Jym-]\w shdpw ]mgvhm-°m-Ipw.

2014 \v tijw CXv \memw Xh-Wbpw [\-a¥n Kma-]-tZ-i-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬

6

XpI \o°n hbv°p∂ Imcyw _P-‰n¬ Du∂n-]-d-™p. ASn-ÿm\ kuIcyw

sa®-s∏-Sp -Ø¬, KmaoW tdmUp -Iƒ, KmaoW sshZyp -Xo -I -cWw

XpS-ßn-b-h-bvs°m∏w Xs∂ ZmcnZy\n¿Ωm¿÷-\hpw At±lw FSp-Øp-]-d-

™p. kmº-ØnI ]cn-jvI-cW \S-]-Sn-Iƒ XpS-tc-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw

IqSp-X¬ \nt£-]-ßƒ, hf¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ F∂nh A\n-hm-cy-am-

sW∂pw [\-a¥n Nq≠n-°m- n.

Hmtcm h¿jhpw Kmao-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ aq∂v e£w tImSn cq]-bmWv

Kh¨sa‚ v sNe-hn-Sp-∂-Xv. DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw, ^e-]m-]vXn, kwtbm-P\w

F∂n-h-bn¬ Du∂n Hcp tImSn `h-\-ßsf Zmcn-Zy-ap-‡-am-°m\pw 50000

Kma ]©m-b-Øp-Isf 2019 HmsS Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ \n∂v ap‡-am-°m\pw

e£y-an-Sp∂ At¥ym-Zb ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ Imcyhpw Kh¨sa‚ v

hy‡-am-°n. Kma-ßƒ Km‘n-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Ah-iy-L-S-I-am-sW-∂Xp

IW-°n-se-SpØv Km‘n-Pn-bpsS 150- mw P∑-hm¿jn-I-tØmSv A\p-_-‘n-®m-Wv

CXv \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Hmtcm ZcnZ IpSpw-_-Øn\pw kpÿnc hcp-am\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p-ff

IrXy-amb ]≤-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Kh¨sa‚ v apt∂m- p- t]m-Im≥

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Zmcn-Zy clnX Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°mbn ka-K-amb kqNnI

Xøm-dm°n ]ptcm-KXn ASn-ÿm\ Xe-Øn¬ Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-sa∂v

[\-a¥n ]d-™p.

I¿j-I-cpsS hcp-am\w Cc- n-bm-°-W-sa∂ e£y-tØmsS alm-flm-Km‘n

tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w sNøm≥ Kh¨sa‚ v

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xmbpw [\-a¥n shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Hmtcm KmaoW IpSpw-_-Øn\pw

7

h¿jw Ipd-™Xv 100 sXmgn¬ Zn\-ßƒ Dd∏v hcp-Øp-tºmƒ Xs∂, AXv

KmaoW kaq-l-Øns‚ DXv]m-Z\ £a-Xbpw hcp-am-\hpw h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥

X°-hÆw D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v Kh¨sa‚ v e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-bneqsS 5 e£w Ipf-ßfpw 10 e£w Ipgn-Ifpw

\n¿Ωn-°p-sa∂ Ign™ _P-‰nse e£yw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssIh-cn-°pw.

CØ-hW 5 e£-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv am¿®v 2017 HmsS 10 e£w Ipf-ßƒ

\n¿Ωn-°m-\mWv Kh¨sa‚ v e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. 2017- 18 ¬ as‰mcp 5 e£w

Ipf-ßfpw IqSn \n¿Ωn-°pw.Cu H‰ \S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS Xs∂ Kma]©m-b-ØpIsf

hcƒ®m ap‡-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p,

sXmgn -ep -d∏v ]≤-Xnbn¬ h\n -X -I-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw t\csØ

48 iXm-\-am-bn-cp-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ 55 iX-am-\-am-sb∂pw it≤-b-am-Wv. 2016 ˛17 ¬

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn°v 38,500 tImSn cq]

\o°nh®n-cp∂ ÿm\Øv 2017˛18 ¬ 48,000 tImSn cq] \o°n-h-®p. ]≤-Xn-°v,

CXp-hsc e`n® G‰hpw henb XpI-bm-Wn-Xv. ]≤-Xn-bn≥ Iogn¬ \n¿Ωn®

F√m \n¿Ωn-Xn-Ifpw `qan-im-kvX-]-c-ambn AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØn kpXm-cyX

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øpw. I¿j-I¿, KmaoW P\X F∂n-h-cp-ambn tbmPn®v ]h¿Øn®v

Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv e£y-sa∂v

kwi-b-te-i-sat\y [\-a¥n hy‡-am-°n.

]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS `mK-ambn KmaoW taJ-e-bnse

P\-ßƒ°v ss\]pWy ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im\pw _P‰v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.

2022 HmsS 5 e£w t]¿°v takvXn-cn-∏-Wn-bn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ipw.

8

2017˛18 HmsS 20,000 t]¿°v ss\]pWy ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv DS≥

ap∂n-ep-ff e£yw.

hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff a\p-jy-ti-jn-bn-ep-ff

Ipd-hmWv ]©m-bØv cmPv ÿm]-\-ßƒ t\cn-Sp∂ ][m\ ]Xn-k-‘n.

CXv ]cn-l-cn-°m\pw ASpØ kmº-ØnI h¿jw \S-]Sn kzoIcn°pw.

s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ, h\n-X-Iƒ F∂n-h-tcm-Sp-ff ]tXyI kao-]\w Ac-°n- p-d-∏n-

°p-∂-XmWv CØ-h-WsØ _P-‰v.

14 e£w kwtbm-PnX inip hnI-k\ AwK-\-hmSn tIµ-ß-fn¬ alnfm

i‡n tIµ-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 500 tImSn-cq] \o°nh®p. KmaoW

h\n-X-Iƒ°v ss\]p-Wy-hn-I-k-\w, sXmgn¬, UnPn-‰¬ km£-c-X, Btcm-Ky-

t£-a-Im-cy-ßƒ, t]mj-Im-lmcw F∂nh Hcp IpS-°o-gn¬ e`y-am-°p-I-bmWv

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v kmº-ØnI klmbw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-ff tZiob

]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v ][m-\-a¥n 2016 Unkw-_¿ 31 \v \S-Ønb ]kw-K-Øn¬

]Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂p. CX-\p-k-cn®v Bip-]-Xn-I-fnepw Btcm-Ky-tI-µ-ß-fnepw

]k-hn-°p∂ kvXoI-fpsS _m¶v A°u-≠p-I-fn-te°v 6000 cq] hoXw t\cn v

\nt£-]n -°pw. CXn-\mbn Ip™p-ßƒ°v ]Xn-tcm-[-Ip -Øn-hbv]p

\¬tI-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. KmaoW P\-X°p Cu ]≤Xn Gsd

klmbw sNøpw.

cmPysØ F√m Kma-ß-sfbpw Iq´n-bn-W-°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS

][m-\-a¥n KmakUIv tbmP-\°v 19000 tImSn cq] \o°n h®n-´p-≠v.

kwÿm\ hnlnXw IqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm-¬ samØw 27000 tImSn cq]

9

]≤-Xn°v e`y-amIpw. 2011- 14 Ime-b-f-hn¬ ]Xn-Zn\w 73 Intem ao‰¿ tdmUv

\n¿Ωn-®n-cp∂ ÿm\Øv 2016˛17 ¬ ]≤-Xn-bn≥ Iogn¬ 133 In.-ao. KmaoW

tdmUp-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®-Xmbn [\-a¥n ]d-™p. IqSmsX KmaoW taJ-e-bnse

Zcn-Z¿°mbn ]Jym-]n® ][m-\-a¥n Bhmkv tbmP-\°v 2017˛18 ¬ 44%

h¿[-\-tbmsS 23000 tImSn cq] \o°n h®p. 10 Zi-e£w hoSp-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-

I-bmWv e£yw AXp-t]mse KmaoW sshZyp-Xo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ff Zo\ Zbm¬

D]m-[ymb Kma tPymXn tbmP-\-°p-ff hnlnXw 43% h¿≤n-∏n®v 2017˛18 ¬

4814 tImSn cq]-bm°n.

KmaoW ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw I¿j-I¿°p-ff

klm-bhpw C¥y≥ kºZv hyh-ÿ-bpsS kaK hf¿®-°p-ff \n¿Æm-bI

LS-I-ßƒ BWv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂, Im¿jnI hnI-k-\-Øn¬

Du∂n -bp -ff KmaoW ASn -ÿm\ kuIcy hnI-k\ ]iv\sØ

ap≥Imeßsf At]-£n®v ka-K-ambpw t\cn´pw kao-]n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

CX-\p-k-cn®v Ign™ c≠c h¿j-ß-fn¬ ]e-hn[ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ tIµ k¿°m¿

Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Kma-ß-fnepw sNdp-]´-W-ß-fnepw sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßƒ

krjvSn-°m\pw ASn-ÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ hn -h-tijn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Irjnbpw

A\p-_‘ taJ-e-Ifpw i‡n-s∏-SpØn KmaoW C¥y-bn¬ sFiz-cyhpw

kº-Zvk-ar-≤nbpw sIm≠p-h-cm-\p-amWv CXp-hgn Kh¨sa‚ v e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.

KmaoW sshZyp-Xo-I-cWw

KmaoW sshZyp -Xo-I-c -W-Øn\v Kh¨sa‚ v D∂X ]cn-K-W\

\¬Ip-∂p-sh∂v 2017˛18 se _P‰v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. cmPohv Km‘n Kmao¨

sshZypXoIcW ]≤Xn \S -∏m -°n -bn´pw KmaoW C¥y-bpsS

10

]e `mK-ß-fnepw C\nbpw sshZypXn FØn-bn-´n -√. BsI-bp-ff 29

kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ 28 Dw 100 iX-am\w sshZyp-Xo-I-c-W-sa∂ e£yw

t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn tIµ-tØm-sSm∏w ]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v Dd∏v \¬In-b-Xmbn

Du¿÷-a¥n temIvk -bn¬ ]d-™n- p-≠v.

KmaoW sshZyp-Xo-I-c-W-Øn\v Ct∏m-gsØ Kh¨sa‚ v ap¥nb

]cn-K-W-\-bmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. aen\ Pew, HmS Pew F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v

sshZypXn DXv∏mZn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff \n¿t±iw 2014˛15 ¬ Kma hnI-k\ a¥m-

ebw apt∂m v h®n-cp-∂p. kutcm¿÷-Øns‚ hn]p-e-amb D]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS

cmPy-Øns‚ sshZypXn cq]-tcJ am‰n hc-bv°p-I-bmWv Hcp ][m\ e£yw.

][m\ _P‰v ]Jym-]-\-ßƒ

Im¿jnI hmbv] 10 e£w tImSn -sb∂ sdt°mUv XpI-bn¬

\nP-s∏-SpØn.

aÆv ]cn -tim-[\m Im¿Up-Iƒ e`y-am -°¬, Irjn hn⁄m\

tIµ-ß-fn¬ an\n em_p-Iƒ k÷-am-°¬ XpS-ßn -b-hbv°v

AwKo-Im-cw.

\_m¿Uv aptJ-\-bp-ff Zo¿L-Ime Pe-tk-N\ hmbv] 40000 tImSn

cq]-bmbn Db¿Øn.

Icm¿ Irjn coXn-°p-ff amXrIm \nbaw kwÿm-\-ß-fn-te°v

hym]n-∏n-°pw.

8000 tImSn cq]-bpsS £oc hnI-k\ \n[n°v Xocp-am-\-ambn.

11

Hcp tImSn IpSpw-_-ßsf Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ \n∂v c£n-°m≥ At¥ym-Zb

ZuXyw \S-∏n-em-°pw.

KmaoW sXmgn -ep -d∏ v ]≤-Xn°v 48000 tImSn cq] -sb∂

k¿h-Ime dnt°m¿Uv hnlnXw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn.

][m-\-a¥n KmaoW tdmUv ]≤-Xn°v 19000 tImSn hI-bn-cp-Øn.

kwÿm\ hnlnXw IqSn tN¿∂m¬ 27,000 tImSn-bmhpw.

][m-\-a¥n `h\ ]≤-Xn°v 23,000 tImSn cq] \o°n h®p.

2018 tabv amk-tØmsS 100% KmaoW sshZyp-Xo-I-cWw km[y-am-°m≥

th≠ kXzc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v ip]m¿i \¬In..

tbmP\

am¿®v 2017

12

sh¿Nz¬ cmPysØ tSmƒ ssk\yw

h¿§okv B‚Wn

Ah¿ Bcm-sWt∂m FhnsS \n∂p-f-f-h-cm-sWt∂m Hcp \n›-bhpw

In´m-\n-S-bn-√. GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmPy-Øn\p t\sc k¿h-k-∂m-l-ß-fp-sa-SpØv

]m™p-h-cp∂ ]cn-io-e\w kn≤n® tk\-sb-t∏m-em-W-h¿, Id-bn-√mØ sXdn-

hn-fn-bn¬, t\cn v ImWp-sa∂ òj-Wn-bn¬, AΩ s]ß-Ωm-cpsS am\y-X-sb-

°p-dn-®p-ff Bt£-]-ß-fn¬, kvXoI-fm-sW-¶n¬ _em¬kwKw sNøp-sa∂

B¨tIm-bva-bn¬ B Bƒ°q´w Xß-fpsS icn-Isf ]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂p.

Nne-t∏mƒ sh´p-In-fn-I-sf-t∏mse ]d-∂n-dßn k¿∆Xpw Xpe-bv°p-∂p.

dnt∏m¿ńMv F∂ hPm-bp-[-sa-SpØv s]mss^¬ Xs∂ ]qń-°p-∂p.

hoSp-I-fn¬ Ccp-∂p-sIm-≠mImw CsX√mw sNøp-∂-Xv. As√-¶n¬ tPmen

ÿe-Øp-\n-∂v, bmX-bn¬ \nß-fpsS sXm -Sp-Øn-cp∂p sIm≠mImw Ah¿

òjWn apg-°p-∂-Xv. ]Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ D∂-bn°pw ap≥]pXs∂ Ah¿

Xß-fpsS AP≥U \S-∏m-°n-°-gn-™n-cn-°pw. apJ-an-√mØ P\-°q´w

temIsØ G‰hpw hnUvVn-tb-°mƒ hnUvVn-bm-Wv. temIsØ G‰hpw

Iqc-t\-°mƒ Iqc-\m-Wv.

am\-h -cmin Ct∂mfw I≠n-´p -ff hnhc hn\n -a -b -Øns‚

anI® P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap-J-amb tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ tSmƒ* B¿an-I-fpsS

*hmb-\-°msc h-gn-sX-‰n-°pI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS Hm¨sse≥ kaq-l-ß-fn¬ sX‰m-btXm hnj-b-hp-ambn

_‘-an-√m-ØtXm Bb Imcy-ßƒ ]¶p-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv tSmƒ F∂ ]Zw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬

kn\n-a-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰p-ap-ff Zriy-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v krjvSn-°p∂ kv]q v Im¿´q-Wp-Isf amX-ambn Cßs\

hnfn-®p-Im-Wm-dp≠v. AXpw tSmƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]t£, AXv amX-a√ tSmfp-I-fpsS KW-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv.

13

-s]cp-am-‰-sØ°p-dn-®mWv ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Iw]yq- ¿ t]mKm-ap-Iƒ t]mse

A`n-]m-b-ßƒ°v ta¬ Ah¿ Htc Xcw Ia‚p-Iƒ Bh¿Øn-°pw.

Xßƒ°n-jvS -ap -ff t]mÃp-I-fn¬ sse°p-Iƒ \n¿_m-[-sam-gp -°pw.

aXn -h -cp -thmfw Kq∏p -I -fn¬ Ah sjb¿ sNøpw. Aß-s\-b-h¿

s]m∏-Km≥U SqfpIfmb lyqa≥ t_m´pIfmbn (Human Bots) ssk_¿

temIØv ]pe-cp -I -bm -Wv . Ah¿ hm¿Ø-Isf am‰n -a -dn -°p -∂,

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Isf \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Ime-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv \mw IS-∂p-

t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. \tc-µ-tamZn ASn-b-¥n-cm-hÿ ]Jym-]n-®m¬ A\p-Iq-en-°ptam

F∂ tNX≥ `K-Øns‚ Szn‰¿ k¿th-bn¬ ‘sbkv’F∂ adp-]Sn Xnc-s™-

Sp-°p-∂-h¿ 57 iX-am-\hpw ‘t\m’ F∂ adp-]Sn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-h¿

43 iX-am-\-hp-am-Ip-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v I≠-dn-bm≥ Cu kwL-SnX Kp≠m-

kw-L-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø\w a\- n-em-°ntb ]‰q. AXv P\m- n-]mb-am-sW∂v

_n.-sP.-]n. t\Xm-°-fmb iXp-Lv\≥ kn≥lbpw, kp_-“-Wy≥ kzmanbpw

t]mepw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. ]t£, tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fnsetImSn-°-W-°n\v

s]mss -ep-Iƒ AsXms° aXn-a-d∂v Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. \pW-°-Y-I-fpsS

]Nm-c-I¿ Cu s]mss -ep-Isf amX-amWv e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv.

hkvXp-Xbpw \pWbpw XΩn-ep-ff AXncv

]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ßsf ASn-apSn am‰n \n¿W-bn-°p-I-bmWv tkmjy¬

s\‰vh¿°v ssk‰p-Iƒ. hnh-c-ßƒ BZyw Adn-bm-\p-ff CS-ambn Ah

amdn-°-gn-™p. ]Xw, tdUntbm, sSen-hn-j≥ F∂n-ßs\ hm¿Øm

hnX-c-W-Øn¬ ta¬ss° t\Snb am[ya cq]-ß-fpsS tiWn-bn¬ Ah-km\

C\-ambn AXv ÿm\w ]nSn®p Ign-™p. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 62 iX-am\w

Bfp-Ifpw hm¿Ø-Iƒ Adn-bp-∂Xv tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ hgn-bm-sW∂v

14

ASp-ØnsS \S∂ Hcp k¿th hy‡-am-°p-∂p. 75 iX-am-\-tØmfw

Bfp-I-fpsS samss_¬ t^mWnepw tkmjy¬ B∏p-Iƒ D≠v F∂pw

B k¿th ]d-bp-∂p. ]t£, tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ°v hm¿Ø-I-tfmSv

AXn-s\mØ _lp-am\w Ct∏m-gp-an-√. AXv hkvXp-X-I-sfbpw \pW-I-sfbpw

Htc t]mse Nh-®n-d-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞ kw -h-ß-sfbpw If-f-°-Y-I-sfbpw

Htct]mse hnX-cWw sNøm-\p-ff Ignhv tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßsf Ip’nX

\o°-ß-fpsS Ccp≠ Ac-ßm°n am‰n-°-gn-™p. ÿm]nX XmXv]-cy-°m¿

s]mss -ep-S-a-Isf Xß-fpsS hgntb B´n-sØ-fn-°p-I-bmWv temI-sa-ßpw.

A\p-Iq-e-amb hm¿Ø-Iƒ ssSwsse-\p-I-fn¬ hnX-®v, N¿®-Isf hgn-Xn-cn-®p-

hn- v, Nne-t∏mƒ P\-ß-fpsS A`n-]m-b-sa∂ t]cn¬ k¿th-I-fpsS \ne-]mSv

am‰n adn-®v, ]N-WvU-amb ]Nm-c-th-e-I-fn-eqsS P\-ßsf sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n®v

Xßƒ°-\p-Iq-e-amb \ne-]m-Sn-se-Øn®v Ah¿ hne-kp-∂p. h¿jm-h-km-\sØ

IW-s°-Sp∏v BtLm-j-ßƒ°n-sS, ‘Cu h¿jw tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬

sshd-emb 10 ][m\ \pW-Iƒ’ F∂ Xe-s°- n¬ hmbn-°p∂ tÃmdn ]okv

\Ωƒ Pohn-°p∂ ImesØ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p≠v.

t^kv_p°v AXns‚ Ncn-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb sh√p-hnfn

t\cn-Sp-I-bm-sW∂v hna¿i-I¿ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-cpsS hnizm-kyX tNmZyw

sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. hymP-hm¿Ø-Iƒ Na®v ]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ temI-saßpw

k¿°p-te-j-\p-ff Hcp Zn\-]-X-tam, `qJ-WvUm-¥c irwJ-e-bp-ff

sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\tem e`n-®m¬ Fß-s\-bp-≠mIpw ? AXn-\mWv temIw

km£yw hln-°p-∂-sX∂v hnZ-Kv[¿ ]d-bp-∂p. t^kv _p°v Hcp am[ya

ÿm]-\-a√ F∂-Xm-bn -cp∂p Cu \ne-bv°p-ff hna¿i-\-ß-tfmSv

F°m-ehpw am¿°v k°¿ _¿§ns‚ (Mark Zuckerberg) adp -] -Sn.

15

Rß-fp-tSXv Hcp sSIvt\m-fPn Iº\n amX-am-sW∂v ]e-hpcp At±lw

Bh¿Øn-®n- p≠v. \yqkv ôUn¬ FØp∂ t]mÃp-I-fn¬ Hcp iX-am\w

hymP-hm¿Ø-Iƒ D≠m-tb°mw. ]t£, AXv henb kzm[o\w

sNep-Øp-∂psh∂Xv sI´p-I-Y-bm-sW∂pw k°¿_¿Kv ASp-ØnsS ]d-™p.

F∂m¬ t^kv_p-°n-eqsS ]N-cn® hymP hm¿Ø-Iƒ Ata-cn -°≥

]kn-U‚ v Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ kzm[o-\n-s®∂v hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Nne ]T-\ -ßƒ ÿm]n -® -tXmsS \ne -]m -Sn¬ am‰ -ap -≠m -bn -´p -≠v .

hymP-hm¿Ø-Isf \nb-¥n-°m-\p-ff henb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ t^kv_p°v

]Jym-]n®p Ign-™p. F.-_n.-kn. \yqkv, Atkm-kn-tb‰v ]kv, mIvSv sN°nMv

sh_v ssk-‰mb kvt\m]vkv tUmSv tImw XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn tN¿∂v

hkvXpXm ]cn-tim-[\m ]≤-Xn-bmWv ]Jym-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwibw

tXm∂p-∂Xpw hmb-\-°m¿ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xp-amb tÃmdn-Iƒ Cu

ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v Ab-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ AXv icn-bmb hm¿Ø-bmtWm F∂v

]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv ]≤-Xn. hymP-am-sW∂v sXfn-™m¬

‘sX‰mb hm¿Ø-sb∂v dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXXv ’ F∂ Ipdn-t∏msS (Flagging)

\yqkv ôUn¬ Ah-km\ sF‰-ambn amXw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

bmsXmcp aps∂m-cp-°-ß-fp-an-√msX hm¿Øm-cw-K-tØ°v t^kv_p°v

IS-∂p-h-∂-Xns‚ ]cn-WX ê-amWv Ct∏m-gsØ ]Xn-k-‘n-sb∂v Nne¿

Icp-Xp-∂p. temI-sa-ßp-ap-ff am[y-a-ß-fpsS d -d¬ ssk‰v F∂ \ne-bn¬

\n∂pw amdm-\p-ff hyK-X-bn¬ Ign™ h¿j-amWv Ah¿ C≥Ã‚ v

B¿ń -°nƒ (Instant Article) F∂ Sqƒ ]Jym -]n -® -X v . am[ya

ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn D≠m-°p∂ Icm-dns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ t^kv

_p°v t]Pn¬ Xs∂ hmbn-°m≥ CXv kuI-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂p. t]Pn¬ sjb¿

16

sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hm¿Ø-bpsS en¶n¬ Hcmƒ ¢n°v sNøp-tºm-ƒ hm¿Øm sh_v

ssk‰n-e√ AXv Xpd-°p-∂-Xv, adn®v t^kv_p-°n¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]c-ky-

h-cp-am\w hoXw sh°m\pw t^kv _p°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS kab

hym]vXn h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw CXv ÿm]-\sØ klm-bn-®p. Cu hcp-am\w

]Xo-£n-s®-Øp∂ hymP-∑msc \nb-¥n-°m≥ bmsXmcp kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw

Hcp-°m-sX-bmbncp∂p C≥Ã‚ v B¿ń-°nƒ ]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n-®-sX∂v

hna¿i-\-ap-≠v. CXmWv Ct∏mƒ hn\-bm-b-Xv. t^kv_p°ns‚ _nkn-\kv

amXrI ]cn-jvI-cn -°msX CXn¬ \n∂pw XSn-bq-cm≥ Ah¿°m-In-√.

hkvXp-X-Iƒ°√ AhnsS ]m[m\yw. Hcp t]mÃv FX XhW sjb¿

sNø-s∏- p-sh∂pw AXn¬ FX t]¿ Ia‚ v sNbvXp-sh∂pw sse°v sNbvXp-

sh∂pw amX-amWv ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu hn[-ap-ff F≥tK-Pvsa‚ v

saSn-Ivkv, UnPn-‰¬ I≠‚ v hyh-km-b-Øns‚ `q]Sw am‰n-h-c-bv°p-I-bm-Wv.

\pW-I-fmWv AhnsS icn-I-tf-°mƒ thK-Øn-tem-Sp-∂-Xv. ]ns∂-¥n\v

icn-I-fpsS ]pdtI t]mI-Ww ?

Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-h¿ BK-ln-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°m≥ IqSn-bmWv

tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn-te°v FØp-∂-Xv. CjvS-an -√mØ Imcy-ßsf

kv]¿in-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-h-cmWv IqSp-X¬.

F≥tK-Pvsa‚ v saSnIvkv Ipd-bp-∂-tXmsS \yqkv ôUn¬ AØcw

Imcy-ßƒ hcm-Xm-Ipw. t^kv _p°v A¬tKm-cnXw B hn[-amWv

ôUp-Isf Iao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmjvSo-b-ambn hn`-Pn-°-s∏´ P\X kXyw

amX-am-bn-cn-°n√ BK-ln-°p-I. Ah-cpsS ]£sØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-hsb

IqSn-bm-Ipw. GsX-¶nepw Hcp Hm¨sse≥ am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ _m°v

F≥Uv I¨tkm-fn¬ HcmgvN Ccp-∂m¬ aXn, Hcp \mSv F¥mWv hmbn-°m≥

17

BK-ln-°p-∂Xv F∂-dn-bm≥. Zmln-®p-h-e™ Imen-°q´w ta®n¬∏p-dsØ

Ipf-Øn¬ \n∂v aen -\ -Pew IpSn -°p-∂-Xp -t]m-se-bm-Wv tkmjy¬

am[y-a-ß-fnse hymP-hm¿Ø-Iƒ P\-°q´w sXm≠-sXm-SmsX hngp-ßp-∂-Xv.

skIvkv, ssIw F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ Cu®-bm¿°p∂

t]mse ¢n°p-Iƒ s]cp-Ip-∂Xv Iäp-∂n¬ ImWm-\m-Ipw. kndn-b-bnse

]ńWn ac-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff tÃmdn Umjvt_m¿Un¬ B¿°pw th≠msX

InS -°pw. AXn -i -tbm -‡n -] -c -amb hymP-hm¿Ø-Ifpw kn\n -am

-Xm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-ff tKmkn-∏p-Ifpw tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]cs° sjb¿

sNø-s∏-Sp -tºmƒ h‰n-h-c≠ ]pg-sb-°p-dn -®p -ff hm¿Ø, t]Pv hyq

s_m\m≥k-bnse FSp-°mØ \º-cmbn Ah-ti-jn-°pw. CØ-c-Øn¬

]c-kv]-cm-in-X- kw-L-am-bn- \n-∂mWv hymP-hm¿Ø-I-fpsS kjvSm-°fpw

]Nm-c-Icpw Ah-cpsS XÍw hep-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ amX-a-√,

temI-saßpw CXp-X-s∂-bmWv Ah-ÿ. t^kv_p°v F∂ henb hyhÿ

AXnse AwK-ß-fn¬ D≠m-°p∂ hnizm-ky-X-bmWv hymP-∑m¿°v BZyw

XW-em-Ip-∂-Xv. AXv Hcmƒ sjb¿ sNøp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xp-I, B hy‡n°v

Abm-fpsS kplr-Øp-°ƒ°n-S -bn -ep -ff hnizm -ky -Xbpw AXn¬

tN¿°-s∏-Sp -∂p. Cu hn[w If-IvSo -hmb hnizm -kyX henb

P\-°q- -ß-fpsS [mc-W-I-sf-Øs∂ Ań-a-dn-°p-∂p.

hnh-c-ß-fpsS alm-km-K-c-amWv C‚¿s\‰v Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂-h¿

Ct∏mƒ as‰mcp hmNIw IqSn H∏w tN¿°p-∂Xv ]Xn-hm-bn-°-gn-™p; sX‰mb

hnh-c-ßfpw AtX Af-hn¬ AXn-ep-≠v. kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy Ft∏mgpw

\njv]-£-am-sW∂v t\mwtNmwkvIn (Noam Chomsky) ]d-bp-∂p. “ AsXmcp

Np‰n -I- t]m-se-bmWv. hoSv \n¿an -°m-\mtWm Hcm-fpsS Xe-tbmSv

18

XI¿°m-\mtWm D]-tbm-Kn -°-s∏-Sp -∂Xv F∂ Imcyw Np‰n -I-bpsS

hnj-b-a-√. C≥¿s\-‰n\v Cß-s\-sbmcp XI-cm-dp-≠v. \nßƒ F¥n-\p-

th-≠n-bmWv AXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv F∂-dn-bm-sa-¶n¬ AXp-sIm≠v

D]-Im-c-ap-≠m-Ipw. shdptX hnh-c-ßƒ ]c-Xm-\mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬

KpW-sØ-°m-tfsd tZmj-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I. AhnsSbpw Chn-sS-bp-ambn

NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ hnh-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v \nßƒ°v kXysØ Is≠-Øm≥

Ign-b-W-sa-∂n-√” ˛ At±lw Bƒ´¿s\‰v (Alternet.org) F∂ Ata-cn-°≥

sh_v t]m¿ -en\v \¬Inb A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

`cWIq-S-ßƒ sacp-°nb tkmjy¬ aoUnb

tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ temIØv krjvSn-°p∂ kzm[o-\-sØ-°p-dn®v

tNmZn-®m¬ Hcp h¿jw ap≥]p-hsc ]e-cp-tSbpw Np≠n¬ BZy-sa-Øp-∂Xv

Ad_v kv]nMv Bbn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ a[y-]u-ckvXy

cmPy-ß-fnse P\-ß-fpsS ]Xn-tj-[-Øn\v hnØp-]m-In-bXv tkmjy¬

am[y-a-ß-fm-Wv. 1979˛¬ Cdm-\n-b≥ hnπ-h-Øn\v Bb-Øp-ff sJmta-\nsb

klm-bn-®Xv HmUntbm Imk-‰p-I-fm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ad_v hk-¥-Øn¬ AXv

t^kv _p°pw a‰-t\Iw tkmjy¬ ssk‰p-I-fp -am -bn -cp -∂p. ap√∏q

hnπ-h-sa∂v ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏´ Cu sNdp-Øp-\n-ev∏ns‚ ^e-sa-¥m-bn-cp-∂p

F∂Xv Ct∏mƒ X¿°-hn-j-b-am-Wv. F∂m¬ i_vZ-an-√m-Ø-h-cpsS i_vZ-

ambn tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ amdn-b-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v B¿°pw X¿°-ß-fp-

≠m-Im-\n-S-bn-√. A°mew Ign-™p-t]m-bn. tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßsf Fßs\

\bn-°-W-sa∂v `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ ]Tn-®p-I-gn™p; ]tXy-In®pw GIm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ.

Ah-cpsS tSmƒ B¿an -Iƒ s]mss^epIƒ°p Np‰pw tdm¥p -

19

Np-‰p-I-bm-Wn-∂v. `‡cpw \ybo-I-c-W-sØm-gn -em-fn -Ifpw Fgp-Xp∂

hmgvØp-I-fmWv P\-Io-bm`n-]m-b-sa∂ t]cn¬ hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

kv]q^v I≠‚p-Iƒ hnX-cWw sNbvXv sse°-Sn-°p-∂-hsc IpSp-°p∂

`c-W-IqS D]-I-c-W-amWv Ct∏mƒ t^kv _p°v. ssewKn-IX \nd™ lWn-

t]m-´p-Iƒ ÿm]n®v hy‡n-Isf If-fn-I-fn-te°pw Pbn-ep-I-fn-te-°p-

a-b-bv°p-∂p. Kq∏q-Iƒ D≠m°n Xoh-hmZ Bi-b-ßƒ ]N-cn-∏n®v AwK-

ß-fm-Im≥ hcp-∂-hsc XS-hn-em-°p-∂p. iXp-cm-Py-Øns‚ Imemƒ∏S

AXn¿Øn-bn¬ ssa\p-Iƒ hnXdpw t]mse Ah¿ ssSw sse\p-I-fn¬ `bw

hnX-°p-∂p. tkmjy¬ am[y-a -ßƒ km[m-c -W-°m-sc-b-√, `c-W-

Iq-S-ß-sf-bmWv IqSp-X¬ klm-bn-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv kao-]-Im-eØv \S∂

]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

P\m`n-em-j-a-dn-bm\pw P\-ß-fpsS ]cm-Xn-Iƒ tIƒ°m\pw G‰hpw

sNe-hp-Ip-d™ D]m-[n-bmWv tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ. P\-ßƒ F¥mWv

hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂-dn-bmsX `cWw \S-Ønb ]ecpw hoWp t]mb-Xn\v

NcnXw km£n-bm-Wv. C\n-bXv kw`-hn-°m-\n-S-bn-√, hnh-c-ti-J-cWw

\S-Øp-∂Xv P\m-`n-emjw k^-e-am-°p∂ `cWw \S-Øm-\m-sW∂v Bcpw

hnNm-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√. AXns\ A´n-a-dn-°m-\p-ff D]-I-c-W-ßƒ krjvSn-°m≥

th≠n-bp-am-Imw. P\-ßsf Xncp-Øm\pw Ah-cpsS ]Xn-tj-[-ßsf

AXn-Po-hn-°m\pw tSmƒ B¿an-Iƒ apX¬ bYm¿Y B¿an-Iƒ hsc `c-W-

Iq-S-ßsf klm-bn°pw. P\-Iob ka-c-t\-Xm-°ƒ sNbvX-sXt¥m AXp-

X-s∂-bmWv GIm-[n-]-[n-Ifpw hnhn[ P\m-[n-]Xy `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw

sNøp -∂-X v . Ah¿ Xßsf A\p -Iq -en°p -∂-h-cp -sS Kq∏q -Iƒ

krjvSn°p-I-bm-Wv. djy-bn¬ hvfmUn-a¿ ]pSns‚ ‘tSmƒ ^mIvS-dnbpw’

20

ssN\bnse ‘50 sk‚ v ]m¿ńbpw’ CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn Nq≠n°mWn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ Iº-\n-bmb t^kv_p-°ns\ \ntcm-[n-®v, shbvt_m

(weibo.com) F∂ t]cn¬ k¿°m¿ \nb-¥nX tkmjy¬ s\‰v h¿°nMv

ssk‰v Xs∂ ssN\ ÿm]n-®p. hnIWIvSv (vk.com) F∂ t]cn¬ djybpw

Hcp ssatIm tªmKnMv ssk‰ns\ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. k¿°m¿

A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcp t]mÃn\v 50 sk‚ v ]Xn-^-e-ambn hmßp∂ henb

kwLw ssN\-bn-ep-s≠∂v ]m›m-Xy-am-[y-a-ßƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. Cu

kwL-am-Wv 50 sk‚ v ]m¿ń F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

DØc sImdn-b-bnepw ssN\-bnepw t^kv_p°v kºq¿W-ambn

\ntcm-[n -°-s∏-ń -cn -°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a‰-t\Iw cmPy-ßƒ Xßƒ°m

h-iy-ap-f-ft∏m-sg√mw Cu sh_vssk-‰n-te-°p-ff ]th-i\w XS-bm-dp-≠v.

Cdm\pw ]mIn-kvXm\pw kndn-bbpw CuPn-]vXp-sa√mw Cu KW-Øn¬ hcp∂

cmPy-ß-fm-Wv. \ntcm-[-\-sa-∂Xv Imel-c-W-s∏´ coXn-bm-sW-∂m-Wv ]e

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Ct∏mƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Bfp-Isf N´w ]Tn-∏n-°m≥

CXnepw \√ am¿K-an-s√-∂mWv Xp¿°n ]kn-U‚ v Xøn]v F¿tZm-Kms‚

]m¿ń-bmb F.-sI.]n. Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. ‘KpW-I-c-amb cmjvSob `mj

]N-cn-∏n-°m\pw FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Ip]-N-c-W-ßsf XI¿°m-\p-ambn’ ]m¿ń-

6000 t]sc-bmWv cmPy-amsI \nb-an-®-Xv. Ah-cpsS i‡n sXfn-bn-°m≥

DX-Ip∂ Hcp kw`hw sXm -SpØ \mfp-I-fn¬ Xs∂-bp-≠m-bn. c≠v Xp¿°n

ss]e-‰p-amsc e_-\-\n¬ òI-c¿ Xń-s°m≠v t]mb-Xm-bn-cp-∂p AXv.

Atß-b‰w ]cm-P-b-s∏- p-t]mb Xp¿°n-bpsS \b-X¥ ia-ßsf hna¿in®

am[ya ]h¿Ø-I-\mb Favdn Inkn¬Ib (Emre Kizilkaya) sb kwLw

Szn‰-dn¬ hf-™p. Ck-tb¬ ]£-]m-Xn-bmb kb-WnÃv F∂m-bn-cp∂p

21

hnti-jWw. cmPy-tZmln F∂pw Nne¿ hnfn-®p. `oj-Wn-ap-g-°nb

P\-°q-´-sØ-°p-dn®v AKPs social media war F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ Favdn

Fgp -Xnb Ipdn∏v kwL-SnX ssk_¿ BI-a -W-ßsf°p-dn® v

]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°p-ff \√ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. lo_p `mj-bn¬ lkv_d

(Hasbara) F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hni-Zo-I-cWw F∂¿∞-ap-ff ]Z-amWv

Ck-tb-ens‚ tSmƒ B¿an-bpsS t]cv. 2013˛¬ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn cmPyw

ÿnco-I-cn® Cu kwLw, ‘Ck-tb¬ F∂ cmjvS-Øns‚ \nb-a-]-c-amb

km[p-Xsb temI-Øn\v ap∂n¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-Wv \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. 350˛Hmfw t]¿ apgp-h≥ kab ]h¿Ø\w \S-Øp∂ ssk_¿ Kq∏n¬

AwK-ßfmIp∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v cmPyw kvtImf¿jn-∏p-Ifpw a‰pw \¬Ip-

∂p-≠v. Cu hn[w AkwJyw ]Nm-c-Isc cmPy-Øn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ambn

Cktb¬ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Atacn°sb \n¿W-bn-°p∂ djy

ASp-ØnsS \S∂ Ata-cn-°≥ s]mXpXnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hnP-bnsb

\n¿W-bn-®Xv djy-bm-sW∂v \Ω-sf√mw hmbn-®p. tXm‰ ÿm\m¿∞n-bpsS

Btcm-]Ww amX-a-√, ]gp-Xp-I-fn-√mØ At\z-j-W-Øn\v hnZ-Kv[-cmb

Ata-cn-°≥ kpc£m GP≥kn-I-sf√mw Htc kzcØn¬ kΩ-Xn-°p∂

Imcy-am-W-Xv. AXns‚ XpS¿®-sb-t∂mWw 35 djy≥ \b-X¥ DtZym-K-ÿsc

H_m-a- -`c-W-IqSw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ CS-s]-´-Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ e`n®p F∂mWv

hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. Fß-s\-bmWv tImSn-°-W-°n\v hcp∂ Ata-cn-°-°m-cpsS

cmjvSob \ne-]m-Sp-Isf djy°v kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-bpI ? djy-bpsS

22

Ip]-kn-≤-amb C‚¿s\‰v dnk¿®v GP≥kn-sb-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿°v

B›cyw tXm∂p-I-bn-√. 2013 ˛¬ Hcp kwLw lm°¿am¿ tNm¿Øn-sb-SpØ

clky hnh-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv Ch-sc-°p-dn®v temIw BZyw Adn-bp-∂-Xv.

600 t]tcmfw hcp∂ sS°n-I-fpsS kwLw cmPy-Øm-I-am\w hcp∂ henb

Kq∏ns\ \bn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ]Xn-h¿jw 10 Zi-e£w tUmf-tdmfw Cu

C\-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn -°p-∂p-sh-∂p-am -bn -cp∂p tNm¿Øn-sb-Sp -°-s∏´

hnh-c-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]kn-U‚ v ]pSns‚ \b-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf

hmgvØp∂ tªmKp-Iƒ, t^kv_p°v t]mÃp-Iƒ, Szo‰p -Iƒ F∂nh

Fgp-Xp-∂-h-cmWv kwL-Øn-ep-f-f-sX∂pw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ipd-™Xv ]Øv

A°u-s≠-¶nepw Hmtcm am[y-Ønepw kq£n-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ch-cn¬

`qcn -] -£-hpw. sse°m-bn - I -a‚mbn t]mÃmbn Znh-khpw

50 Xh-W-sb-¶nepw Ch¿ tkmjy¬ am[y -a -ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sp -∂p.

FXn-cm-fn -Isf A]-Io¿Øn-s∏-Sp -Øp∂ tSmfp-Ifpw a‰pw krjvSn®v

]N-cn -∏n -°p-∂p. Aßs\ cmPy-Øn-\-IØpw ]pdØpw IrXy-amb

A-P≥U-tbmsS A`n-]mb kzcq-]o-I-cWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

djy-bpsS bpssI≥ A[n-\n-th-isØ hna¿in® ]Xn-]-£-t\-Xmhv

t_mdnkv s\avtkm-hns\ (Boris Nemtsov) 2015 s^_p-h-cn-bn¬ shSn-h®v

sIm∂ kw`hw temI-amsI i≤-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. s\avtkm-hns‚ ]m¿´n-°m¿

X-s∂-bmWv At±-lsØ sIm∂-sX∂v ]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ `c-W-Iq-Sm-\p-Iqe

tkmjy¬ am[ya kwL-ßƒ XpS¿®-bmbn iaw \S-Øn. sIme-]m-X-In-Iƒ

F∂v kwi-bn-°p∂ ]e kwL-ß-sfbpw AdÃv sNbvXv t]meokv AXn\v

HØmi sNbvXp. ]e Xnb-dn -I -fpsS ]pI-a -d -bn¬ kXyw

Hfn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sIme-]m-X-I-sØ-°p-dn®v Ct∏mgpw bYm¿∞-

23

hn-h-c-ßƒ ]pdØv h∂n-ń -s√∂pw sIme-bmfn sIaven\n-em-sW∂pw

s\avtkm-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hmZn-°p-∂p. ac-W-tijw At±-l-Øns‚

‘sImf-f -cp -Xm -b va -Iƒ’ tkmjy¬ am[y -a -ß-fn¬ hym]-I -ambn

]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏- p. cmPyw bp≤-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ hna¿in-°p-∂Xv cmPy-

tZm-l-am-Wv, cmPy-tZm-ln°v CXv Xs∂-th-Ww˛ Aßs\ t]mbn hmZßƒ.

Cu hn[w P\-tcm-j-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pSns\ c£n-°m≥ C‚¿s\‰v dnk¿®v

GP≥kn°v Ign-™p-sh∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v

aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°v ap≥]v s\avtkmhv Xs‚ t^kv _p°v t]Pn¬ Fgp-Xnb

hcn-Iƒ sIme-]m-X-I-Øns‚ Pohn-°p∂ sXfn-hmbn Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v. B

t]mÃn¬ s\avtkmhv FgpXn; ‘If you support stopping Russias war with

Ukraine, if you support stopping Puttins aggression, come to the Spring March

in Maryino(Suburub of Moscow) on 1st March.’ A⁄mX-\mb Hcp

sIme-bmfn amI-tdmhv F∂v t]cp-ff skan Hmt´m-am-‰nIv ]nÃ-fn¬

\n∂p-ap-Xn¿Ø \mev Xnc-Iƒ sIm≠v tamkvtIm-bnse amcn-bm-t\m-bn¬ \n∂pw

Bcw`n-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ ]pSns‚ GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb ]Xn-tj[

ka-c-Øns‚ Ncn-X-KXn am‰nadn-®p-I-f-™p. am¿®v H∂n\v amcn-bm-t\m-bn¬

s\avtkmhv A\p-kva-cW dmen-bmWv \S-∂-Xv.

Ata--cn -°≥ Xnc-s™-Sp -∏n¬ djy≥ tSmƒ B¿an \S-Ønb

_p≤n-]-c-amb Icp-\o-°-ßƒ GIm-[n-]Xy kz`mhw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Sw]v

F∂ I®-h-S-°m-cs\ B cmPy-Øns‚ ]kn-U‚ v ]Z-hn-bn-se-Øn-®p. thms -

Sp-∏ns‚ IW-°p-I-sf-b√ thm´¿am-cpsS a\- p-IsfbmWv lm°¿am¿

Ań-a-dn-®-Xv. Xnsc-s™-Sp-∏v ]Nm-c-W-Øn-\nsS Utam-Im-‰nIv ]m¿ń-bpsS

24

sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn¬ \pg™p Ib-dnb lm°¿am¿, ]m¿ń Ab® Ht´sd C -

sa-bn-ep-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-c-∂p

sUtam-Im‰v ]m¿ń ln√cn-°mbn \S-Ønb hgn-hn´ \o°-ßƒ ]eXpw

CXn-epsS ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. HIvtSm-_-dn¬, ]Nm-c-W-Øns‚ aq¿[-\y-Øn¬ hn°n-

eo-Ivkv, Un.-kn.-en-Ivkv F∂o sh_vssk‰p-Iƒ hgn-bmWv sabn-ep-Iƒ

]pd-Øp-h-∂-Xv. hnhm-Z-sa-bn-ep-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS ln√cn ¢n‚s‚

P\-Iob ]n¥pW Xmsg hoWp. ]n∂oSpff k¿t∆-I-sf√mw C°mcyw

ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. Xs‚ tXm¬hn°v djy-bpsS CS-s]-S¬ Imc-W-am-

sb∂v ln√cn ]n∂oSv Xpd∂p]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F v.-_n.sF. bpw B`y-¥c kpc-£-bpsS Npa-X-e-bp-ff tlmwem≥Uv

skIyq -cn‰n GP≥knbpw kwbp -‡-ambn \¬Inb dnt∏m¿ńs‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ H_ma k¿°m¿ HutZym-Kn -I-am -bn -Øs∂ djy≥

CS-s]-S¬ ÿnco-I-cn-®p. kn.-sF.-F bpw djy≥ lm°¿amcpsS km∂n[yw

ÿnco-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. djy≥ ]kn-U‚ v ]pSn≥ t\cn v \¬Inb \n¿t±-i-ßfmWv

\S-∏m-°-s∏- -sX∂pw 2017 P\p-hcn Bdn\v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ 25 t]Pp-ff

dnt∏m¿ v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ kpc£m GP≥kn-I-sfsb√mw shń®v

][m-\-s∏-s´mcp cmjvSob ]m¿ń-bpsS sabn¬ kwhn-[m\w lm°v sNøm\pw

IrXy-k-a-bØv Ah ]pd-Øp-hn´v Xnc-s™-Sp∏p êsØ Xs∂ XInSw

adn -°m\pw djy≥ lm°¿am¿°v Ign™p F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥.

IrXy-amb c≠p sXfn-hp-Iƒ lm°¿am-cn¬ \n∂pw At\z-jW kwL-ßƒ°v

e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tNm¿Ø-s∏´ tcJ-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ I≠ sa‰m-tU‰

(Meta-data) BWv CXn-sem∂v. djy≥ `mjm sk‰nMvkv Dff Iw]yq- ¿

25

D]-tbm-Kn®v lm°v sNø-s∏´ sk¿h-dnse Cw•o-jn-ep-ff tcJ-Iƒ FUn-‰v

sNbvX-t∏mƒ D≠mb Fd¿ satk-Pm-Wv kwi-b-ßƒ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

tkmhn-b‰v cl-ky-t]m-eo-kp-ambn _‘-ap-ff hm°v bqk¿s\bn-ambn

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-bm-fmWv tcJ-I-ƒ FUn‰v sNbvX-sX∂pw At\z-j-W-

kw-L-ßƒ°v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™p.

`c-W-L-S-\m-t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS aq∂mw XhWbpw ]kn-U‚ v ]Z-hn-bn-

te°v a’-cn® ]pSn-s\-Xnsc djy-bn¬ 2012˛¬ henb tXmXn-ep-ff P\-Iob

ka-c-amWv Ac-tß-dn-bXv. ]´m-f-sØbpw t]meo-kn-s\bpw sXcp-hn-en-d-°n-bmWv

B ka-csØ `c-W-IqSw ASn-®-a¿Øn-b-Xv. A∂v Ata-cn-°≥ tÃ‰v

skI-´ -dn -bm -bn -cp∂ ln√cn Ivfn‚¨, ]pSn≥ hncp≤ ka-c -Øn\v

\n¿tem`-amb ]n¥p-Wbpw ]Whpw \¬In-sb∂v djy≥ cl-kym-t\z-jW

GP≥kn-bmb sI. -Pn. -_n. - dn -t∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. Cu dnt∏m¿´mWv

ln√-cn-s°-Xnsc hy‡n-]-c-amb \o°-ßƒ \S-Øm≥ ]pSns\ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-

sX-∂mWv kqN-\. B kacw km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ Db¿∂p-h-∂-Xm-sW∂v

]pSn≥ C∂pw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. Ata-cn° krjvSn-®-XmWv F∂mWv At±-l-

Øns‚ Dd® hnizm-kw. Ccp-cm-Py-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw lm°v sNøp-∂-Xcw

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-bs‚ Ime-tØmfw ]g-°-ap-≠v.

A]-hm-Z-ßfpw hymP-hm¿Ø-Ifpw ]N-cn -∏n -°p-∂-Xn¬ Ccp]£hpw

tami-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ‘ioX-k-a-c-Im-eØpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS

]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn. ]t£, tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ C√mØ ImeØv CXv CX

Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n-√’. F∂v Ata-cn-°≥ hntZ-i-Imcy hnZ-Kv[-\mb ¢n‚ v hm v

(Clint Watts) ]d-bp∂p. ioX-k-a-c-Im-eØv Ccp-hcpw amdn amdn hnPbw

t\Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse ssk_¿ ioX-k-a-c-Ønse Hcp djy≥ hnP-b-Øn\v temIw

26

km£yw hln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv hvfmUn-an¿ ]pSns‚ ]Jym-]nX e£y-Øn-

te-°p-ff Hcp NphSp apt∂-‰-am -Wv. hnh-c-hn -\n -ab kt¶-X-Øn¬

\ne-hn-ep-ff Bwt•m- -km-Ivk¨ ta[m-hnXzw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-sa∂v 2013 ˛¬

djy-bpsS HutZym-KnI sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-emb djy SptU-bn¬ ]pSn≥

]Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂p.

amkn-tUm-Wn-b≥ Iuam-c-°m¿

Ata-cn-°≥ Xnc-™-Sp-∏n\v amk-ßƒ°v ap≥t] Xs∂ IrXy-amb

AP≥U-tbm-sS-bp-ff hymP-hm¿Øm-hn-X-cWw Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn hnhn[

At\z -jW kwL-ßƒ ]d-bp -∂p. \mep hyXykvX At\z -j-W-

ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ tImUo-I-cn®v hmjn-MvS¨ t]mÃv hni-Z-amb

tÃmdn Xs∂ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ln√cn ¢n‚-sW-Xnsc \pW-hm¿Ø-Iƒ

krjvSn -°p-∂-Xn\v hnZ -Kv[-cpsS henb kwLw Xs∂ \ntbm-Kn -°

-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xmbpw temI-sa-ßp-ap-ff \yqkv t]m¿ -ep-Iƒ hgnbpw tkmjy¬

aoUnb Kq∏p-Iƒ hgnbpw Ah hnX-cWw sNø-s∏- -Xm-bp-amWv At\z-j-W-

kw-L-ß-fpsS Is≠-Ø¬. Ccp-∂q-dn-e-[nIw sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ ln√cn hncp≤

hymP-hm¿Ø-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn \¬In -s°m-≠n -cp -∂-Xmbn t]m]v

Hm¿ t\m´ v (Prop Or Not) F∂p t]cp -ff sS°n -I -fpsS kwLw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw amk-ßƒ°p ap≥]v amXw cPn-Ã¿

sNø-s∏´ sUmsa-bv\p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu sh_vssk‰p-I-sf√mw Xs∂

hyXykvX t]cp-I-fp-f-f-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]e-Xn-s‚bpw DSa-kvY¿ Htc

Bfp-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

27

hymP-hm¿Ø-I-fpsS DZv -hhpw ]Nm-chpw kw_-‘n®v _kv oUv \yqkv

(BuzzFeedNews)- \-S-Ønb At\z-jWw sR´n-°p∂ hnh-c-ß-fmWv ]pd-Øp-

sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv . Xnc -s™-Sp -∏ns‚ hn[n \n¿W-bn® ][m\ hymP-

hm¿Ø-I-sf√mw BZyw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv sX°v-˛-]-Sn-™m-d≥ bqtdm-∏nse

sIm®p cmPy -amb amkn -tUm-Wn -b-bn¬ cPn -Ã¿ sNø-s∏´ sh_v

sk-‰p-I-fm-sW∂v _kv oUv ]d-bp-∂p. 15˛\pw 22˛\pw CS-bn¬ ]mb-ap-ff

sNdp-∏-°m-cmWv sh_vssk-‰p-I-fpsS DS-a-Iƒ. IqWv apf-bv°p-∂Xp

t]mse-bmWv hymP-hm¿Ø-Iƒ Na-bv°p∂ \yqkv t]m¿´ -ep -Iƒ

amkn-tUm-Wn-b-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂-X-tX. an°Xpw Cw•ojn-ep-f-f-h-bmWv. A©p

apX¬ ]Øp-hsc I≠‚ v ssdt‰-gvkmWv an°-hmdpw ÿm]-\-ß-fn-ep-f-f-Xv.

Cu _mƒ°≥ cmPysØ Iuam-c-°m-cpsS ][m\ Ãm¿ v-A]v hyh-km-b-ß-

fn-sem∂v hymP- hm¿Øm sh_vssk-‰p-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v dnt∏m¿´v

]d-bp-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ hmb\°m¿ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xcw hm¿Ø-I-fmWv

Ch¿ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. ImcWw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p-ff ¢n°p-Iƒ°mWv t]Pv

hyq am¿°-‰n¬ aqey-ap-f-f-Xv. “amkn-tUm-Wn-b≥ Sot\-tPgvkv”F∂ t]cn¬

Ip]-kn≤n t\Snb kwLw, h≥InS am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ D≠m-°n-b-Xnepw

hcp-am\w Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv D≠m-°n. Ata-cn-°-bnse 19 ][m\

am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv ]kn-≤o-I-cn® tÃmdn-Iƒ°v

tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ e`n® ]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf°mƒ IqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p hymP-

hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v e`n-®-sX∂v IW-°p-Iƒ D≤-cn®v _kv^oUv ]d-bp-∂p.

\yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv, hmjn-MvS¨ t]mÃv, l^nMv S¨ t]mÃv, F≥.-_n.-kn.

\yqkv XpS-ßnb hº-∑m-tc-°mƒ t^kv_p-°nepw Szn‰-dnepw hymP- sh_v

ssk‰p-Iƒ Xnfßn F∂¿Yw. ]Nm-c-W-Øns‚ Ah-km\ aq∂p-amkw

28

]pd-Øp-h∂ hymP-hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ Ccp-]-sX-Æ-sØ-bmWv _kv ^oUv ]T-\-

hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. Ch-tbmSv 8.71 Zi-e£w s]mss -ep-Iƒ sjb¿, Ia‚ v,

sse°v F∂o aq∂p coXn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-I-cn®p F∂mWv Is≠-Ø¬,

CtXImeØv 19 am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® G‰hpw hmbn-°-s∏´

20 tÃmdn-Iƒ°v 7.36 Zi-e£w ]Xn-I-c-W-ßtf krjvSn-°m-\m-bp-f-fq. kXyw

sNcp-∏n -Sp -tºm-tg°pw \pW ]mXn-temIw Np‰n -h-cp -sa∂ ]g-s©m√v

FX kXyw.

]N-cn -∏n°-s∏´ hymP-hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ A[n -Ihpw ln√cn

hncp-≤-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v _kv oUv ]d-bp-∂p. G‰hpw ]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ krjvSn-

°m-\mb hymPhm¿Ø-I-fn¬ BZysØ aq∂pw Sw]n\v Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬

ta¬ss° t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp. ln√cn tÃ‰v skI- -dn-bm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv sF.-

F-kv.-sF.-Fkv Xoh-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v h≥tXm-Xn¬ Bbq-[-ßƒ \¬In-sb-∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p Ch-bn¬ H∂v. ^m≥knkv am¿]m∏ Sw]n\v ]n≥Xp-W-b-dn-bn-®p

F∂Xv as‰m-∂v. ln√cn ¢n‚¨ amc-I-tcm-K-Øn\v ASn-a-bm-sW∂pw AXv

ad-®p-sh-®mWv Ah¿ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ t\cn-Sp-∂-sX∂pw temI-hym-]-I-ambn

hm¿Ø hcp-∂-Xn\v as‰mcp hymP-hm¿Ø hgn-sX-fn-®p. \yqtbm¿°n¬ \S∂

9/11 Hm¿a-Zn-\-Øn¬ ISpØ ]\n-sb-Øp-S¿∂v ln√cn Xe-I-d-ßn-hoW

hoUntbm ]pd-Øp-h∂ tij-am-bn-cp∂p Cu hymP-hm¿Ø-bpsS ]nd-hn.

tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fnse ‘IznIv sdkvt]m¨kv s]mss^-ep-Iƒ’°v

c≠m-a-sXm∂v Btem-Nn-°msX ssSwsse\n-te°v sjb¿ sNbvXp-hn-Sm≥ Cu

hymP≥ [mcm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. ln√cn ]kn-U‚ v ]Z-hn°v tNcpw-hn[w

Btcm -Ky -ap -f -f -bm -f -s√∂v ]n∂o -Sp -ff thZn -I -fn -se√mw Sw]v

Btcm-]-W-ap-∂-bn-®p. Zp¿_-e-bm-sbmcp kvXosb ]kn-U‚m-°tWm F∂

29

tNmZy-Øn-\pƒs∏sS hn[n-Zn-\-Øn¬ P\-ßƒ DØ-c-sa-gpXn F∂p thWw

a\- n-em-°m≥.

apI-fn¬ ]d-™-h-bpƒs∏sS ][m-\-s∏´ hymP hm¿ØIsf√mw BZyw

]kn-≤o-I-cn®Xv www.endingthefed.com F∂ sh_vssk‰msW∂v

_kv^o-Uns‚ dnt∏m¿´v ]d-bp-∂p. Ign™ h¿jw am¿®n¬ cPn-Ã¿

sNø-s∏´ sUmsabv≥ BWn-Xv. FUn-‰-dpsS t]tcm ]_vfn-j-dpsS t]tcm

sh_vssk-‰n¬ CXp-hsc ]Jym-]n-°mØ Cu t]m¿´¬ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v ImeØv

hmjn-MvS¨ t]mÃns\°mfpw \yqtbm¿°v ssSwkn-s\-°mfpw IqSp-X¬

hmbn-°-s∏- p. AeIvkm dm¶n-ßn¬ Ch¿ t\Snb IpØ-s\-bp-ff hf¿®

kqNn-∏n®psIm≠mWv _kv oUns‚ dnt∏m¿ v Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. CsX√mw

Iq´n-hm-bn-°p-tºmƒ amkn-tUm-Wn-b-bnse Iuam-c-°m¿ \njvI-f-¶-ambn

Fgp-Xn-hn´ tKmkn-∏p-I-fm-bn-cp∂p B hm¿Ø-I-sf∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ Xc-an-√.

henb ^≠nßpw ]Nmc-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ßfpw Ahsc ]n¥p-W-®n-´p-s≠∂

\nK-a-\-amWv ]e¿°p-ap-f-f-Xv. ]W-sam-gp-°n-bXv ]pSn-\mtWm Sw]mtWm

F∂ Imcy-Ønte X¿°-ap≈q.

kwL-]-cn-hmdpw Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Imcpw

Hcp sSen -hn -j≥ N¿®-bn¬ [\-Im-cy -a¥n tXmakv sFkIv

_n.-sP.-]n. t\Xmhv F.-F≥.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW-\p-ambn X¿°-Øn-em-Wv. a¥n

tXmakv Xßsf ]p—n-°p-I-bm-sW∂mWv cm[m-Ir-jvWs‚ ]cn- -hw. adp-]Sn

]d™ tXmakv sFkIv Xs‚ t^kv_p°v t]Pv kµ¿in -°m≥

cm[m-Ir-jvWs\ £Wn-°p-∂p. ‘-\nß-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Fs‚ t]Pn¬

Fgp-Xn-sh-®n-cn-°p∂ sXdn-Iƒ ImWq. ]p—-sams° F¥v. B sXdnhnfn

30

\S-Øp∂ kwLsØ \nebv°v \n¿Øm≥ Ign-bptam ? ’ tXmakv sFkIv

tNmZn -°p -∂p. kwL-Sn -X -amb sXdn -hnfn A\p` -hn -t°≠n hcp∂

BZy-sØ-bm -f√ tXmakv sFkIv F∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn -bmw.

k®n≥ sX≠p¬°sd Adn-bn√ F∂ \n¿tZm-j-amb Ia‚n\v acnb

jd-t∏mh F∂ djy≥ sS∂okv Xmcw ae-bmfn lqfn-K≥kns‚ Ak-`y-

h¿j-Øn\v Cc-bm-bn- p-≠v. \yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv F∂ Ata-cn-°≥ Zn\-]-X-

Øn-s\-Xn-sc-t∏mepw BI-aWw \S-Øn, AXns\ s]m¶me F∂ t]cn¬

]N-cn -∏n -°m≥ tkmjy¬ am[y-a -ß-fnse Akw-L-Sn -X-cmb tSmƒ

B¿an-Iƒ°v t]mepw Ign-™n- p-≠v.

Iff°-Y-Iƒ ]d-™p-] -cØn tZi-hym -] -I -amb Iem -] -ßƒ

\S-Øn -b -Xn\v \nc -h[n DZm -l-c -W-ßƒ C¥y-bpsS Ncn - X -Øn¬

ImWm-\m-Ipw. AXn\v tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ßƒ thW-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-

sam-∂p-an-√. ASpØ ImeØv DØ¿]-tZ-in¬ AJvemJv F∂-bmsf a¿±n®v

sIm√m≥ Imc-W-am -b-Xv, sXm´-SpØ t£X-Øn¬ \n∂p h∂ Hcp

A\u¨kvsa‚mWv. AJvem-Jns‚ ho´nse ^nUvPn¬ ]ip-amwkw

kq£n-®n- p-s≠-∂m-bn-cp∂p B Adn-bn-∏v. XpS¿∂v cmPy-Øns‚ an°-hmdpw

F√m `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw I®-h-S-Øn-\mbn amSp-Isf sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-hsc

a¿±n-°p-∂-Xcw hoUn-tbm-Iƒ hcm≥ XpS-ßn. tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬

hnX-cWw sNø-s∏´ Cu hoUn-tbm-I-fn-eqsS kwL-]-cn-hm¿ Xß-fpsS

cmjvSob AP≥U F¥m-sW∂v ssSwsse-\p-I-fn¬ ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. AXv Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Kq∏p-I-fn-te°v hym]-I-ambn sjb¿ sNøm≥

henb kwLw Xs∂ AWn-\n-c-°p-∂Xpw ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p.

31

\tcµtamZn A[n -Im -cØn¬ h∂tijw k¿°m-cns‚

\b-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ henb kwLw

Xs∂-bmWv \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-ń-´p-f-f-Xv. \nc-h[n cl-ky-Kq-∏p-Ifpw Ahsb

]n≥]-‰p∂ kzX-¥-Kq-∏p-Ifpw t^kv_p-°n¬ kPo-h-am-Wv. k¿°m-cn-s\-

Xn-cmbn i_vZn-°p-∂-h-sc-sb√mw cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fm°n apZ-Ip-Øm-\m-Wv CØcw

tSmƒ B¿an -I-fpsS iaw. sP. -F≥. -bp. ka-c -Øn-\nsS hnZym¿Yn -

t\-Xm-°-fmb I\-ø-Ip-am-dn-s\bpw Da¿ Jmen-Zns\bpw cmPy-tZm-ln-I-sf∂v

apZ-Ip-Øm≥ tkmjy¬ am[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS hym]-I-amb iaw \S-∂p. Da¿

JmenZv òI-c-cp-ambn kPo-h-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-bm-fm-sW∂v Btcm-]n-°p∂

\nc-h[n t]mÃp-I-fmWv Szn‰-dnepw t^kv_p-°nepw hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-´-Xv.

C°mcyw Xßƒ°-dn-bn-s√∂v At\z-jW GP≥kn-Iƒ ]Jym]n-®n´pw tSmƒ

B¿an-bpsS ]Nm-cWw \n¿_m[w XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

tamZn k¿°m-cns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-an -Ihv F∂ \ne-bn¬ \nc-h[n

hymP-hm¿Ø-I-fmWv c≠p h¿j-Øn-\p-f-fn¬ ]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-f-f-Xv.

\tc-µ-tam-Znsb temIsØ G‰hpw anI® ][m-\-a¥nbmbpw C¥y≥

tZio-b-Km-\sØ anI® tZio-b-Km-\-ambpw bp\-kvtIm(UNESCO) Xnc-s™-

Sp -sØ∂v Szn‰ -dn¬ h∂ t]mÃv apJy -[mcm am[y -a -ßsf t]mepw

sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-®p. t\m´p-Iƒ ]n≥h-en®psIm≠p-ff ][m-\-a-¥n-bpsS

]Jym-]-\-Øn\v sXm´p-]n-∂mse h∂ as‰mcp \pW-°Y A¥m-cmjvS

am[y-a-ß-fn¬ t]mepw N¿®-bm-bn. ]pXp-Xmbn ]pd-Øn-d-°nb 2000 cq] t\mń¬

Pn.-]n.-F-kv. Sm°n_v Unsshkv Ds≠-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]Nm-c-Ww. Cu t\m´pIƒ

If-f∏Wambn kq£n-°p-∂-hsc IpSp-°m≥ CXp-hgn Ign-bp-sa∂pw

aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ Ipgn-®n- m¬t]mepw D]-Kl kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn-eqsS t\m´p-Iƒ

32

Is≠-Øm-sa∂pw t]mÃn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]e ]mtZ-in-I- `m-jm-

am-[y-a-ßfpw t]mÃns\ hm¿Ø-bm-°n. temI-sØm-cn-SØpw CØ-c-samcp

kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy \ne-hn-ep-f-f-Xmbn Adn-bn-s√∂pw ]ns∂-ß-s\-bmWv Xßƒ

CXv ]_-ey-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-I-sb-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p dnk¿hv _m¶v h‡mhv

Aev]\ In√m-hme (Alpana Killwala) CtX-°p-dn®v ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. t\m´v

]n≥h-en -°-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ ][m\ N¿®-I-fn¬ \n∂pw P\-i≤

Xncn-°m≥ Cu hymP-hm¿Øbv°v BZy-Zn-\-ß-fn-se-¶nepw Ign-™p.

]mIn -ÿm-s\-Xn -cmb k¿Pn -°¬ kvssS°p -ambn _‘-s∏´

N¿®-I-fn¬ A`n-]mbw ]d-™-Xns‚ t]cn¬ F≥.-Un.-Sn.-hn. I¨kƒń-Mv

FUn -‰¿ _¿Jm ZØn\v (Barkha Dutt) henb tXmXnepff

òj-Wn -I -sf -bmWv Szn‰ -dnepw t^kv_p-°nepw t\cn -tS -≠n -h -∂-Xv .

cmPy-tZm-ln-sb∂v hnfn-®v, X√p-sa∂pw sIm√p-sa∂pw B¿Øp-hn-fn-°p∂

P\-°q -´ -Øns‚ Ia‚p -Iƒ Ct∏mgpw Ah-cpsS t]Pn¬ ImWmw.

_¿J-bpsSsX∂ t]cn¬ hymP Szo‰p -≠m°n Ah¿ cmPysØ H‰p-

sIm-Sp-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]N-cn-∏n-°m\pw Nne¿ ian-®p. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v

_¿Jm-ZØv ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xn-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. This is not a lack of intelligence;

this is a cunning and criminal vilification campaign to intimidate and scare and

target people-more women than men- and shut us up Gjym-s\‰v \yqkv No v

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰nMv FUn-‰¿ kn‘q kqcy-Ip-am-dn\v t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂

òj-Wn-I-sfbpw CtXmSv tN¿Øp-sh-®mWv ImtW-≠-Xv. sP.-F≥.-bp.-hn¬

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33

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34

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35

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12-18 am¿®v 2017

36

For affordable Stents

The fixing of ceiling prices for stents is much delayed and is at best apiecemeal intervention in a health-care industry that continues to remain

unconscionably unregulated.

T.K. Rajalakshmi

ON February 16, while addressing an election rally at Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, Prime

Minister Narendra Modi announced that the government had succeeded in capping the prices of

cardiac stents to make them affordable for all. The announcement came in the context of the

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPP A) fixing ceiling prices for the two main categories

of cardiac stents on February 13, ensuring a drastic reduction in the .markup rates to the end-

consumer. The ceiling prices that include the cost of production and a trade margin are valid for

a period of one year.

While the move has been welcomed by those in public health, the timing is not entirely

above suspicion. It took more than two years for the prices to be brought down to affordable

levels and that, too, after a Delhi High Court order as far back as on February 25, 2015, directing

the government to include coronary stents in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM).

A cardiac stent is made typically of a metal mesh in the form of a small expandable tube

to treat weak and narrowed arteries. The process of implanting a stent involves no major incisions

in the procedure of angioplasty. Stents are drugs under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.

The NLEM 2015 was notified on December 2015, but only in July 2016 were coronary

stents included in the NLEM. The government set up a subcommittee to consider the essentiality

of placing coronary stents in the NLEM, which submitted its report in April 2016.

But it was only on December 21, 2016, a full five months after the inclusion of coronary

stents in the NLEM, that the Department of Pharmaceuticals notified coronary stents as part

of Schedule I of the Drug Price Control Order,2013, paving the way for the NPP A to fix the

ceiling price of stents, Within one and a half months, the exercise was done. Bare metal stents

37

(BMSs) were to cost not more than Rs.7,260 a unit, and the maximum price of a drug-eluting

stent (DES) was to be Rs.29,600. Of the 52 stent manufacturers who submitted their prices, the

rates of only nine were found to be above the ceiling price for the DES, it was reliably learnt.

UNETHICAL MARKUPS

The NPPA in its February 13 order observed that “huge unethical markups at each

stage in the supply chain” resulted in “irrational, restrictive and exorbitant prices in a failed market

system driven by information asymmetry between the patient and doctors and doctors pushing

patients to financial misery”. All retailers and dealers were required to display their price lists

given by the manufacturer or the importer in a conspicuous area on their premises; hospitals,

nursing homes and clinics were also required to mention the cost of a stent along with its brand

n.ame, names of the manufacturer! importer in their billing to the patients. However, at the retail

end, hospitals charged astronomical amounts as the costs incurred in making medical devices

were distributed across the supply chain of manufacturer, distributor and retailer.

“The NPPA basically exposed the difference between the prices at which stents were

given to hospitals and the rates charged from the patients. The hospitals have been showing extra

expenses by putting the MRP [maximum retail price] in their books,” said G.S. Grewal, former

president of the Punjab Medical Council.

Stent manufacturers were reluctant ‘to include stents in the price control list, arguing that

drugs and medical devices could not be put in the same category and that the costs of procedures

had to be considered. Their main argument was that price controls would be inimical to

intergenerational advancement in stents ‘and manufacturers would be compelled to produce

stents with reduced advantage. The argument was that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were on

the rise and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Some 25 per cent of overall

mortality in India was attributed to CVDs, with coronary artery disease (CAD) the most common

CVD, accounting for 90 to 95 per cent of the deaths. In India, the prevalence was higher in the

under-70 age group compared with the West. A report of the National Commission on

38

Macroeconomics and Health estimated the number of CAD patients at 61.5 million in 2015; of

them, 23 million were estimated to be under 40.

According to the National Interventional Council (NIC) registry, 2015, a total of 3,53,346

procedures were performed and 4,73,000 stents were implanted. Some 95 per cent were DESs;

2 per cent were BMSs; and 3 per cent were biovascular scaffolds. The data also showed a

progressive increase from 2010 to 2015 in the number of centres performing the procedures and

in the number of coronary interventions made. But the rates charged for stent procedures ranged

from Rs.23,000 at Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) hospitals to over Rs.2 lakh in

private hospitals, which put them out of the reach of the common people. In 2015, the out-of-

pocket expenditure for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention procedures was reported to be

41.38 per cent of the total expenditure, of which government support and private insurance

companies accounted for 42.87 per cent and 17.75 per cent respectively.

As for variable pricing for differing categories in the DES, the subcommittee accepted

the superiority of DES types over BMS types, but it was categorical that there was no definite

superiority among currently available metallic DES types in terms of their clinical outcomes of

mortality and myocardial infarction (heart attack).

HIGH COURT INTERVENTION

It took a High Court order to get the government moving. Birender Sangwan, an advocate,

petitioned the Delhi High Court in 2014 after his relative had to pay an exorbitant amount for a

stent in a private hospital. Sangwan’s plea was that the exorbitant stent prices were discriminatory

and prejudicial to a large number of people. While coronary stents became a part of the NLEM

in 2016, their prices were not fixed. The NPPA, an organisation set up in 1997 under the

Department of Pharmaceuticals and committed to ensuring’ affordable drug pricing, was seized

of the matter as the issue had been raised at a State Drugs Controllers’ meeting a few years ago.

The State Drugs controller of Odisha had in a 2014 letter recommended control over the prices

of stents under the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) of 2013. On the basis of a market survey,

39

it was submitted that the price to the distributor, MRP, price to hospital and selling price to

patient of various medical devices, including stents, showed huge margins to distributors and

hospitals. The Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration, Maharashtra, had also, in September

2014, requested the NPP A to fix the MRP for 14 medical devices including cardiac stents.

While the scheduled drugs for price control were listed in the NLEM and incorporated in the first

schedule to the DPCO 2013, the non-scheduled drugs were also monitored by the NPP A from

time to time to ensure that the 10 per cent ceiling (on prices) mandated by the DPCO 2013 on a

year-to-year increase in the MRP was not violated.

MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH

The issue of drug pricing makes the difference between life and death for the majority in

this country. Unlike in China, where stents are indigenously produced, three-fourths of the stents

in India are imported and manufactured by multinationals. In 40 per cent of the cases, the expenses

involved are met out of pocket.

According to an NPP A report on stents, the number of cardiac interventions had grown

manifold in the past decade, from 40,000 in 2006 to 2,62,349 in 2013. The report also noted

that coronary atherosclerotic, heart disease (CAHD) was the most common form of CVD in the

country and afflicted around 32 million people with a mortality rate of 1.6 million in a year.

“Angioplasty procedure is very common these days but the high cost of cardiac stents is a major

cause of concern, as it seriously affects the ability of the common man to access it,” stated the

report.

The NPP A requested the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC) to assess

the cost effectiveness of the BMS and the DES types. The NHSRC survey concluded that the

cost-effective price for the BMS could be Rs.19,000 and that of the DES, Rs.28,000, and

found the MRPs to be exorbitant. The bulk of the stents were imported, but the MRPs were

found to be 10 times that of the landed cost (L.C.). Three market leaders, Abbott Vascular,

Medtronic and Boston Scientific, accounted for nearly 60 per cent of the market share of stents

in the country. The survey showed that in the case of Abbott alone, the difference between the

40

L.C. and the price to distributor (PTD) ranged between 68 per cent and 140 per cent across

different brands, while the difference between the PTD and MRP ranged between 72 and 400

per cent. The gap between the L.C. and the MRP ranged between 294 per cent and 740 per

cent. The same company made the supply to the CGHS at a margin of just 100 per cent to 200

per cent. In the case of Medtronics, the survey found that the margin between the L.C. and the

MRP ranged from 498 per cent to 854 per cent. In the case of Boston Scientific, the margins

between the L.C. and the MRP ranged from 464 per cent to 1200 per cent, according to the

NHSRC survey.

A quotation for the Boston Scientific Range of Products submitted by a distributor to a

hospital in Amritsar (a copy is available with Frontline) showed that the price for the DES in

various categories to the hospital ranged between Rs.32,000 and Rs.75,000, whereas the MRP

for the same ranged from Rs.l,50,000 to Rs.l,65,000. Another quotation submitted by a distributor

for Abbott Vascular (also available with Frontline) to the same hospital for the Abbott product,

Xience Xpedition Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent, pegged the distributor rate at Rs.82,000

while the MRP was Rs.l,40,000. Two other stent brands were also listed with distributor-to-

hospital rates at Rs. 50,000 and Rs.32,000 respectively and MRPs at Rs.l,15,000 and Rs.40,000

respectively.

The NPPA report mentioned earlier noted there was an “unreasonable markup in the

final cost to the patient.”. It noted that there was a common perception, not clinically validated,

that imported stents were superior to those made in India. But many hospitals, it said, including

government hospitals, were creating categories on the basis of country specific regulator approvals

such as a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved DES or a European-marked

DES or even a Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) approved stent in their tenders. This

encouraged the perception that products approved by a particular regulator were superior, going

by the price band. “ This is typical of the pharma sector where higher price is confused with

higher quality, “ observed the NPPA report.

41

More than 50 coronary stent manufacturers, including some of the leading names in the

industry, nine industry associations and four public health organisations were asked to submit

their representations on stent pricing. The NPP A worked out the probable minimum and maximum

prices that could be charged at every stage in the chain of distribution, factoring in margins as

well. The minimum rates clearly indicated that there was a possibility of fixing prices at those

rates. These were stiff enough for the consumer, but the maximum ceiling prices that were fixed

were found to be exorbitantly high. For instance, the minimum MRP that could be charged for the

two categories of stents was Rs.25,000 and Rs.40,000 respectively, while the maximum was

Rs.75,000 and Rs.l,98,000 respectively. The maximum trade margins that were worked out

from the hospital to the patient ranged from 436 per cent to 654 per cent for the BMS and the

DES respectively. The maximum trade margin from the distributor to the patient was more than

1,026 per cent for the BMS and about 892 per cent for the DES. Interestingly, the NPPA

calculated on the basis of industry data that the maximum cost of production for the BMS and the

DES was less than Rs. 10,000 for domestic manufacturers, while the landed cost for the imported

DES was not more than Rs.40,820 and Rs.16,749 for the BMS.

For imported stents, the maximum MRP charged for the BMS was

Rs.50,000 and Rs.l, 98,000 for the DES. “Imagine a situation where a young man brings his

50-year-old father to a hospital with a heart condition and is recommended an angioplasty. The

hospital advises him to go for quality and suggests a range of stent prices. The patient and his

family in such circumstances would rather not argue with the hospital and leave it to the hospital

to take the best option. In that process, the patient ends up spending astronomical amounts.

Remember the man is only 50 years of age. These are the kind of psychological pressures that

are put on people,” said P.N. Subramaniam, secretary of the Federation of Medical and Sales

Representatives Associations of India (FMRAI).

The rates of stents differed on the basis of their size, but medical representatives that

Frontline spoke to said the variation was minimal. They also said that hospitals bought them at

prices far lower than the MRP. The average cost to the distributor was Rs.20,000, while the

42

hospital paid Rs.25,000. The hospital and doctors then decided the selling. price. Some hospitals

sold them for around Rs.60,000 and some for Rs.1.5 lakh. The profit and commission to the

hospital and the doctor came from this amount. “The product is kept in the Cath lab, and the

doctor takes it and uses it. Patients and their families never come in contact with the product. This

open pricing is an issue in all devices,” said Subramaniam. He quoted other instances as well, The

Foley’s catheter, an instrument used to drain urine from the bladder, has an MRP of Rs.I00 to

Rs.270 though hospitals buy it for Rs.30. Urine poly bags are also bought by hospitals at Rs.40

while the MRP ranges between Rs.120 and Rs.180. He cited another example of a life-saving

injectible antibiotic called Meropenem: while the selling rate to institutions ranges from Rs.300 to

Rs.700 , the MRP ranges from Rs.600 to Rs.2,496. He lamented that there was no pricing

policy that worked on the basis of the cost of production.

DEMANDS FOR AFFORDABLE PRICING

The All India Drug Action Network (AIDAN), the Jana Swasthya Abhiyaan, the Alliance

of Doctors for Ethical Healthcare and the Third World Network have demanded that the ceiling

prices fixed by the NPP A should meet the objective of ensuring true affordability and should be

fixed “on the basis of CGHS reimbursement rates”. The CGHS rate was around Rs.23,625.

They said that the NPP A data revealed that by the time the patient got the stent, the increase in

the original cost (of production) was often in the range of 1,000-2,000 per cent.

They exhorted the government not to succumb to pressures from the industry or the

medical establishment. They also urged the Medical. Council of India to investigate the professional

misconduct of doctors and called for a legally binding code for the marketing of health products

including devices, a demand that the FMRAI has also raised.

Drug pricing is at the heart of health-care access. It is significant that the NPP A is a part

of the Department of Pharmaceuticals and not the Ministry of Health, which it ideally should be

under. Regulation of the prices of essential medicines was itself in danger of getting wound up

following deliberations in the NITI Aayog. The apprehensions were somewhat set to rest following

43

an assurance from the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers Ananth Kumar, reports of

which appeared in sections of the media. The Medical Technology Association of India has

expressed its disappointment with the capping of stent prices and demanded the involvement of

the Medical Technology Assessment Board in the exercise.

It has been the consistent plea of public health activists and experts

that determining the prices of essential drugs cannot be left to the market but should be based on

the cost of the production. The NLEM confines itself only to the treatment cost of medicine and

not other attendant costs that are added on to the overall treatment. These expenses charged by

hospitals are still largely out of control.

At present, only 18 per cent of the domestic market is under price control, leaving several

life-saving drugs, including patented ones, out of the control mechanism. Even the price controlled

drugs are often very expensive, with manufacturers enjoying high margins. The practice of fixing

ceiling prices had a marginal impact on reducing the prices of the medicines.

From 1979 onwards, a cost-based system of pricing came into effect which factored in

the cost of raw material and the cost of conversion, including a margin. This system was replaced

by a market-based system by the Drug Price Control Order, 2013, a gift of the United Progressive

Alliance government. According to a representation made by AIDAN to the Supreme Court in

an ongoing case on drug pricing, the market based pricing formula calculated the ceiling price as

a simple average of prices of all brands that have equal to or more than 1 per cent of the market

share after adjusting for the retailers’ commission. There were more brands selling at higher

prices than at lower prices, so the simple average also turned out to be high, it said.

PIECEMEAL APPROACH

The delay in fixing the price of stents has been inexplicable. But a piecemeal approach

would have a piecemeal outcome. Probir Das, the CEO of Terumo, a multinational medical

device manufacturing company, told Frontline that the new pricing mechanism would hurt the

industry. Reduced prices did not mean that patients would no longer be made to go for

44

unnecessary stenting, a trend that has been of concern internationally. “Companies will stand to

lose between 40-50 per cent of revenue. People who can afford to buy the latest generation

stents will not be able to buy them. It would have been better to go after hospitals that were

making huge markups,” he said..

Sulagna Chattopadhyay, Editor-in-Chief of Geography and You, who petitioned the

Rajya Sabha committee on petitions for the regulation of stent prices and other medical devices,

said the cost of importing stents was one-third of what was charged from the patients. She told

Frontline that there should be a cap on the procedure charges and that an audit of stents sold

could bring out the nexus between the hospital-industry and doctor.

A regulatory framework is required for every stage of treatment in order to ensure

affordable and equitable health care. The overal1 expenditure on health as a proportion of the

gross domestic product is still very low and much of health care continues to be in the largely

unregulated private sector. The stent price regulation, therefore, is a piecemeal intervention at

best.

FRONT LINE,

17 March 2017.

45

Wicked loans & bad banksC.P. Chandrasekhar

A trail of defaults is ensuring that the high NPA ratio of banks is not stabilising as theRBI expected it would once assets misclassified as restructured and standard are

recognised as non-performing.

The crisis created by non-performing assets (NPAs) on the balance sheets of commercial

banks, especially those in the public sector, does not go away. It only intensifies. An environment

that triggered large inflows of foreign capital and a surge in credit after 2003 encouraged banks to

explore new areas and terms of lending, which are responsible for the large exposures that are

now turning bad. Having encouraged that environment with its policies, the government pretended

that the problem was not serious enough to warrant emergency action. The reason was that it

wanted to do the impossible: resolve a big problem with little money. But now time. seems to be

running out.

Data for all banks (public and private) relating to December 2016, compiled by Care

Ratings (reported in The Indian Express, February 20) point to a 59.3 per cent increase in

NPAs over the previous 12 months to Rs.6,97,409 crore. That amounts to 9.3 per cent of their

advances, compared with an NPA to advances ratio of 3.5 per cent at the end of 2012. The

annual increment in the NPA ratio, which stood at around one-half of a percentage point in the

years ending December 2013 and December 2014, rose rather sharply to 1.6 percentage points

and 3.3 percentage points respectively in the years ending December 2015 and December 2016.·

One reason for the acceleration in NP A growth is the more stringent conditions imposed

in 2015 regarding recognition of assets as non-performing. Realising that postponing bad debt

recognition could result in the accumulation of stressed assets in bank balance sheets sufficient to

create a systemic problem, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) instituted an asset quality review in

2015 to reclassify assets and reverse the practice of treating all restructured assets as standard

assets.

46

Once stressed assets are formally recognised as non-performing, the requisite provisions

are set aside at the expense of short-term profitability, the banks are recapitalised, and credit

growth will see a revival, it was argued.

The problem is that this is not happening because a large number of projects to which

money had been lent during the boom period that preceded 2011-12, when investment rates

rose sharply, were not ones to which the banking system should have been exposed. As these

projects are all entering the period when they find themselves unable to service their debt, loans

are turning non- performing in quick succession. This trail of defaults is ensuring that the NP A

ratio is not stabilising, once assets misclassified as restructured and standard are recognised as

non-performing, as the RBI expected it would. More assets are turning bad.

As the Economic Survey 2016-17 recognised, in normal circumstances this would have

threatened the banks concerned with insolvency, perhaps triggered a run on the banks, forced

their closure and even precipitated a systemic crisis. India is fortunate that a large part of its

Banking system is owned by the government.

According to the Care Ratings figures referred to earlier, 24 PSBs accounted for 88.2

per cent of the total NPAs with the public and private banks.

Their NP A ratio stood at 11 per cent at the end of 2016, indicating that they have a

disproportionate share of bad loans in total advances.

According to the Survey, since there is the belief that these banks have the backing of the

government, which will keep them afloat, the bad loan problem has not, as yet, become a systemic

crisis.

DIFFICULT FOR BANKS

Unfortunately, matters are not all that simple. First, the situation in some of the PSBs is

much worse than the average NP A figure suggests. Five of them have NP A ratios above 15 per

cent. Second, constrained by its ideological adherence to “fiscal prudence” and stringent deficit

targets, the government’s appetite for recapitalising these banks is waning. Spending on projects

47

or welfare schemes appeals to voters, funnelling money into banks does not, especially when

they seem not to have exercised due diligence. This leaves the option of getting the banks to

make do with whatever money the government gives them, and supplementing that with recovery

of some part of the loans that are non-performing.

Recovery is a possibility because the bad assets accumulated in the course of the lending

boom after 2003 were concentrated in large loans to the corporate sector. As of March 2016,

large borrowers (with liabilities of Rs.5 crore and above) accounted for 58 per cent of scheduled

commercial bank advances and 86.4 per cent of gross NP As. The top 100 borrowers accounted

for 16 per cent of total advances and 22.3 per cent of gross NPAs. Indeed, the gross NP A ratio

of the top 100 borrowers rose from just 3.4 per cent in September 2015 to 22.3 per cent in

March 2016, with the reclassification of restructured assets.

Unfortunately, the focus of the government and the RBI is on finding ways in which banks

can help revive the large business groups, rather than how banks can recover their dues and

beef/up their balance sheets. According to RBI data, the rate of recovery of NP As of scheduled

commercial banks through various channels (Lok Adalats, Debt Recovery Tribunals and the

Securities and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Inter est (SARF

AESI Act) has fallen from 22 per cent of amounts involved in cases referred to these channels

and being considered by them as of March 2013 to 10.3 per cent by end March 2016. The

referred cases themselves exhaust only a small proportion of aggregate NP As in the system. In

fact, actual recoveries constitute only a small proportion of the reduction in NPAs.

In 2012, actual recoveries accounted for 34.4 per cent of NPA reduction, “upgradation”

(from NP A status) accounted for 34.5 per cent and comprornises/write-offs for the remaining

31.1 per cent. In 2015, these figures stood at 32.6 per cent, 26 per cent and 41.5 per cent

respectively. Write-offs are rising from already high levels.

48

FAILURE TO RECOVER

This failure to recover money lent to top corporates has been accompanied by an effort

to sell off assets.to private Asset Reconstruction Corporations (ARCs) who could acquire NP

As at a negotiated discount. They make an upfront payment of as low as 5 per cent of the sums

due, with the balance covered by security receipts accepted by the banks from the ARCs, which

need to be redeemed only when the ARCs manage to sell the assets concerned. Thus, the

ARCs were being contracted to recover a small percentage of the total NP A value, with their

fee depending on the difference between the acquisition and sale price. The result is that when the

discount on NP As sold by banks was sought to be reduced, the volume of NPAs sold came

down.

It is in this context that the Economic Survey’s case for the creation of a Public Sector

Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA) has to be assessed. In the Survey’s view: “Cash flows in

the large stressed companies . have been deteriorating over the past few years, to the point

where debt reductions of more than 50 per cent will often be needed to restore viability.

The only alternative would be to convert debt to equity, take over the companies, and

then sell them at a loss” [emphasis added]. So the point here is that instead of recapitalisation

the banks, the government should recapitalise the companies at taxpayers’ expense.

The Finance Ministry’s claim is that this is necessary because the companies cannot

share any of the blame for their current position: ‘Without doubt, there are cases where debt

repayment problems have been caused by diversion of funds. But the vast bulk of the problem

has been caused by unexpected changes in the economic environment: timetables, exchange

rates, and growth rate assumptions going wrong,” the Survey argues. This unabashed call for

subsidising private sector losses comes at a time when the government claims it does not have

enough money to recapitalise the banks.

49

Government and RBI spokespersons have recommended that public sector banks should

sell new equity and dilute government stake to strengthen their capital base. But if banks are not

recapitalised, there may not be many buyers for their equity. Meanwhile, the Finance Ministry

has suggested making transfers to the private sector through a roundabout scheme that helps

write off their debt.

In the midst of this, the newly appointed RBI Deputy Governor Viral Acharya, rumoured

to have been hired for his advocacyofbad banks (a title he now says he dislikes), has floated a

restructuring strategy which combines all the old ideas and has little new in it. It includes

restructuring of loans if the restructured asset is viable, sale of some assets with reasonable

economic value to a Private Asset Management Company, sale of other assets to a (quasi-

government?) National Asset Management Company, and recapitalisation of banks through

sale of equity (“private capital raising”), asset sales and mergers. When a policy package claims

to do a little bit of everything, there is reason to be worried. That could be a way to implement

what may be the worst elements of the package, with the rest being the smokescreen to conceal

the core objective.

FRONTLINE,

17 March 2017.

50

Stellar featts 104 sat

ellitISRO puts 104 satellites into orbit in a single launch, in itself an achievement,but the real challenge was to release them in a redetermined sequence and time

frame, ensuring that they did not collide .

T.S. Subramanian

At in At a press conference in Sriharikota after the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-

C37) put 104 satellites into orbit on February 15, A.S. Kiran Kumar, Chairman, Indian Space

Research Organisation (ISRO), emphasised that the mission was not aimed at creating a record.

“It is not about setting records. It is primarily about improving our capability to maximise our

returns,” he said. He explained how the decision to put 104 satellites into orbit came about .

.’We had excess capacity (in the PSLV). This was effectively used to put small satellites into

orbit. This is a timely effort. We are trying to maximise our resources.”

The four-stage PSL V, which has had 38 successful missions in a row, including the one on

February 15, can put satellites totally weighing 1,350 kilograms into orbit. The PSLV -C37’s

primary aim was to put a Cartosat-2 series satellite weighing 714 kg into orbit. Besides, it was

to put into orbit two ISRO nanosatellites, INS-lA weighing 8.4 kg and INS-IB weighing 9.7 kg.

So, the vehicle had “excess capacity”, that is, it could carry more satellites into orbit.

When the United States, Israel, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United

Arab Emirates approached Antrix, the commercial wing of the Department of Space, for putting

their nanosatellites into orbit, ISRO readily agreed. It meant revenue generation-Antrix would

charge these countries for putting their satellites into orbit.

That was how the PSL V -C37 carried 96 nanosatellites from the U.S. and one each from

Israel,Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UAE. These 101 nanosatellites together

weighed 645.9 kg. Thus, the total weight of all the satellites carried on board the PSLV-C37 was

51

1,378 kg. Kiran Kumar gave a perspective to the mission: ‘’Today, more and more small satellites

are being realised. Many times they have to wait for a launch vehicle [to put them into orbit]....

So, we put into orbit as many small satellites as possible from this .... The real challenge was to

put them into orbit within the time frame demanded by the customers.”

If the media in general celebrated the success of the mission in putting 104 satellites into

orbit from a single vehicle, some online columnists derided it as needless “chest-thumping”. But

what actually mattered was the complexity involved i·n putting so many satellites into orbit in a

sequence and ensuring that they did not collide.

ISRO’s top brass explained how they did it. K. Sivan, Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space

Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram, said, “Even to separate one satellite from the vehicle is

complex, to put 104 satellites into orbit was not an easy job.” All the 104 satellites had to be put

into orbit in just 600-odd seconds’ before the vehicle reached the South Pole, Sivan said, After

India’s Cartosat-2 series satellite INS-IA and INS-IB were put into orbit one after another, the

remaining 101 were shot into orbit in “sets” or in pairs separated at a 180 degree angle, he said.

After a smooth countdown, the 44.4 metre tall PSLV-C37 XL version, weighing

320 tonnes and equipped with more powerful strapon booster motors than the normal version,

lifted off. 9.28 a.m. from the first launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at at Sriharikota.

The fourth stage of the vehicle broke free about 16 minutes and 48 seconds after lift off

and Cartosat-2 was injected into orbit at 17 minutes and 30 seconds from blast-off. Then

INS-1A and INS-1B separated at 17 minutes and 39.80 seconds and 17 minutes and 40.30

seconds respectively.

The first pair of nanosatellites separated at 18 minutes and 32:80 seconds and the last pair

was put into orbit at 28 minutes and 42.80 seconds from lift-off Thus, in a span of 10 minutes, all

the 101 nanosatellites were fired from the vehicle’s fourth stage in a sequence, ensuring that they

did not collide. At about 29 minutes into the mission carne the announcement from the Mission

Control Centre: “Separation of 104 satellites confirmed.”

NOVEL SEQUENCING

52

According to Kiran Kumar, the challenge lay in accommodating so much of mass [of the

satellites] in the fourth stage of the vehicle and releasing them in a manner that they would not

collide not only at their time of release but during their life in orbit. So, a novel sequencing system

was adopted. The 101 nanosatellites were housed in quad packs, each ac commodating four

nano satellites. The quad packs are box-ike structures and once they are ejected from the vehicle’s

fourth stage, a door slides open in each pack and the four nanosatellites are fired into orbit in

pairs in opposite directions, The gap between two pairs of satellites. being put into orbit was

about four to 12 seconds. “This depended on the direction and the velocity with which each of

the satellites was put into orbit,” said Sivan.

PSLV-C37 Mission Director B.Jayakumar called it “a highly mission-intensive launch”

with “a lot of complex manoeuvring” of the fourth stage.

M. Annadurai, Director, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru, which built the Cartosat-2 series

satellite and INS-lA and INS-lB, said ISRO had put multiple satellites into orbit using a single

vehicle in earlier missions and “the same was multiplied now by a number” and the satellites had

to be separated at the correct intervals. “From the launch vehicle point of view, it is the mass that

matters. From the separation point of view, only the number [of satellites] goes up. They should

not collide. For that there is a proper orientation of the vehicle,” he said. The satellites were

ejected at different timings, orientation and velocity. Annadurai added, “We separate the satellites

in a very controlled way.”

An article called “ The unique triumph of PSLV-C37 ” on the ISRO website said:

“ The large number of satellites in this mission demanded adopting innovative approaches in

satellite accommodation and mission design”.

“The next requirement was managing the safe separation of these large number of satellites

within the constraints of limited visibility duration of ground stations and maintaining a safe distance

between the separated satellites over a longer period of time”.

“This was managed by designing a unique sequencing and timing [system] for separating the

satellites and with complex manoeuvring of the PS4 stage to which the satellites were attached.

53

The separation sequence, direction and timing were finalised based on extensive studies to ensure

safe distances among the 105 objects (including the PS4 stage) in orbit....

“The next major requirement was to ensure reaching the separation command from the launcher

to respective satellites, honouring the pre-defined sequence, which involves a complex electrical

wiring scheme. Any error in the wiring may result in the release of the wrong satellite, leading to

an undesirable situation of collision between them.

“Another feature in this mission was capturing all the separation events of the vehicle stages

and the 104 satellites using a comprehensive video imaging system onboard.

“Meticulous planning was done at the launch complex, the SDSC at Sriharikota for assembling

and handling of all satellites’ preparation .... ”

The imagery sent by the Cartosat-2 series satellite will be used for mapping applications,

monitoring coastal land use and regulating the use, road networking, creation of land-use maps

and detecting changes on land such as man-made features and so on.

Building INS-lA and INS-IB at the ISRO Satellite Centre was an important initiative because

the satellites were very small and each carried several payloads. ‘’This is a rerriarkable

achievement,” said Annadurai.

The INS bus could be used by universities and industries to build their own satellites.

The bus would provide an opportunity to universi ties and research and development. laboratories

to carry their innovative payloads.

NEXT, GSLV-MK III

With this innovative mission behind it, ISRO is now looking forward to the maiden lift-off

of its gigantic Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle,the GSLV-Mark III, in the second half of

April 2017. It weighs 640 tonnes and is the heaviest and most formidable launch vehicle built by

ISRO so far. The three stage vehicle is 44 metres tall and features an indigenously designed and

built cryogenic stage, which will be powered by 25 tonnes of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.

The rocket’s configuration comprises two solid strap-on booster stages called S~200, each with

54

a capacity to hold 200 tonnes of solid propellants; a liquid core stage called L-110, which will

hold 110 tonnes of liquid propellants; and the cryogenic upper stage called C-25, which uses 25

tonnes of cryogenic propellants.

P.V. Venkitakrishnan, Director, ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri near

Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, was upbeat on February 17 after the cryogenic stage, C-25, fired for its

full flight duration of 640 seconds at the IPRC complex. This is a major milestone before the

GSLV- MK III lift-off from Sriharikota. After the successful firing, which began at 5 p.m.,

Venkitakrishnan told Frontline from Mahendragiri: ‘’This was a qualification test, a stage test.

We will analyse the results of the test and if no fine-tuning is required, the flight cryo stage will

move to Sriharikota in two weeks and the GSL V - MK III launch will take place in the second

half of April. The two strapon booster stages and the liquid core stage have already reached

Sriharikota.”

The GSLV-MK III will put into orbit a communication satellite called GSAT-19E, weighing

about 3.2 tonnes and built by ISRO Satellite Centre.

Said Venkitakrishnan: “GSLV- MK III is fully designed and developed in India. It is a 100

per cent Indian product.”

FRONTLINE,

17 March 2017.

55

BOOK REVIEW

Closely Watched Trains(A review of the book ‘India’s Railway Man’ by Rajendra Aklekar)

An able administrator, Sreedharan was a stickler for integrity, efficiency and goodbusiness practices. This non-eulogistic account serves us well.

Sunil Bahri

Of the causes attributed to India’s limited success in sustaining development and alleviating

poverty, despite seven decades of stable democracy, the one that finds resonance in most discourses

is its poor public administration. In particular, the apathetic, status quoist and corrupt bureaucracy

is perceived as the toughest shackle on realising our true potential. Very few civil servants have

managed to leave behind inspiring legacies. ‘Metro Man’ E. Sreedharan is one of these. We now

have one more account of his life-India’s Railway Man by Rajendra Aklekar, It relies upon

conversations with the man himself and his friends and family, but Aklekar goes further and digs

up government archives to verify facts.

By now, most know that Sreedharan steered first the Konkan Railway and then the

Delhi Metro to fruition. What was remarkable was that they were completed on time, despite

being complex engineering projects, entailing not only large financial outlays but also coordination

between several central agencies and state governments.

A substantial part of this biography logs the details of these two projects. Despite his-

respect for the man, Aklekar does not deify Sreedharan, His career follows the course of an

average civil servant till he retired in 1990. There are frequent transfers, some challenges, some

disagreements and some excitements. He is a devoted son and a loving family man. He rises by

seniority to become a member of the Railway Board. All too familiar. His opportunity comes on

retirement A railway minister passionate about the Konkan Railway line finds an enthusiastic

56

man in the railway board. Thus, when most enjoy the fruits of retirement, did Sreedharan begin

his match-winning innings.

Again, Aklekar, and the conversations with Sreedharan, stay away from encomium. He

used modern management practices and a lot of common sense. He built a team with caution,

focusing on integrity, empowered his managers and created an environment of mutual trust with

contractors, prompt payment of bills being accorded priority. He provided a clear and focused

vision to deliver the highest standards adhering to time schedules within the budgeted costs.

What helped in his accomplishments were his long stints at both the Konkan Railway and the

Delhi Metro (unlike his frequent transfers’ while in service). Autonomy enjoyed by his organisations

enabled both technological and administrative innovation,. leading to better - outcomes, winning

Sreedharan the confidence of the political leadership.

Most tales of entrepreneurship, including those from the Indian corporate world, are

replete with far-more innovation and enterprise. There is also no dearth of persons with high

integrity and- competence in the government. What is rare about Sreedharan is his ability to

com bine technical competence with administrative acumen to realise not individual- excellence

or glory, but build teams, institutions and models that collectively achieve the impossible and

thrive even after the leader departs.

Sreedharan drew his philosophical and spiritual bearings from the Bhagawad Gita. His

sense of karma and lack of attachment to either the project or its success were rooted in the

Gita. He perceives this as the most critical factor in his success. It is ironical that the best outcomes

are obtained when the dictum of detachment from outcomes is followed.

The key take away from the biography is clear: you don’t have to be a Sreedharan to be

a ‘Metro Man’, so to speak. Most civil servants would love to leave a legacy like Sreedharan

and be so honoured and rewarded, but they would presume that you have to be extraordinary.

This book establishes that with the basic values integral to our culture namely, integrity, hard

work, professional excellence and commitment to society-each government manager can become

a Sreedharan.

57

The key lesson for governance is that there is a need to seriously review the policy of

transfer and postings of government managers, so that the long tenures that Sreedharan got post

retirement are granted to officials still in service. Their tenures should be linked to the life cycles

of projects, apart from providing them security. And retired and retiring people should be

nudged to go find their Konkan Railway, for they have realised only a small fraction of their

potentials yet.

The book is a must read for all civil servants. There are no startling revelations, there is

no idolatry, there is no hero who knew all and achieved all. It is a story of a retired man embracing

an opportunity and creating magic with simplicity, integrity and common sense. The book will

also provide insight to students of transportation and urban development. We need more such

inspiring tales.

OUTLOOK,

20 March 2017.

58

RESUME OF BUSINESS TRANSACTED DURING TENTHSESSION OF THE SIXTEENTH LOKSABHA

The Tenth Session of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha commenced on 16 November 2016 and

concluded on 16 December 2016. The House had a total of 21 sittings spread over 19 hours

and 26 minutes. The Session commenced at 11.00 A.M. on 16 November 2016 with the playing

of the National Anthem. Thereafter, the Hon’ble Speaker, Smt. Sumitra Mahajan made reference

to the passing away of Smt. Renuka Sinha, sitting member of the Lok Sabha; Smt. V. Jeyalakshmi,

Shri Arif Baig, Shri P. Kannan, Shri Harsh Vardhan, Smt. Jayawanti Mehta, and Smt. Usha

Verma, all former members. The Hon’ble Speaker also made references to the demise of Mr.

Shimon Peres, former President of Israel on 28 September, 2016; King Bhumibol Adulyadej of

Thailand on 13 October, 2016; and Pramukh Swami Shastri Narayan Swarup Das, head of

Swami Narayan sect, a great scholar, saint and reformer on 13 August, 2016. As a mark of

respect to the memory of the departed, members stood in silence for a short while and, thereafter,

the House was adjourned for the day.

During this period, out of the 449 Starred Questions that were listed, 49 questions were

answered orally; written replies to the remaining Starred Questions along with 5,060 Un starred

Questions were laid on the Table of the House. In all, 124 matters of urgent public importance

were raised by the members after the Question Hour and after completion of the formal business

of the House. Members also raised 311 matters relating to their constituencies under Rule 377.

Fifty Reports of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) were presented in

the House.

During the Session, the House was disrupted a number of times due to various reasons

including demand of the opposition to discuss the issue of demonetization of currency notes

under a Rule which entails voting, the issue relating to a hydro-power generation unit in Arunachal

59

Pradesh and the issue of Agusta Westland Helicopter deal.

On the issue of demonetization and its impact, several members sought to

make some submissions on 28 and 30 November and again on land 5 December. The Minister

of Home Affairs, Shri Rajnath Singh and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Ananth

Kumar responded. The Minister of Finance, Shri Arun Jaitley also responded. A Short Duration

Discussion under Rule 193 on the subject was raised by Shri A.P. Jithender Reddy on 5 December

2016 which was further taken up on 7 December. However, the discussion remained part-

discussed.

You may recall that during the last Session an Inquiry Committee had been

constituted to inquire into the improper conduct of Shri Bhagwant Mann, MP. The

Committee had been granted extension of time up to the last day of the first week of the

Tenth Session for presenting its Report. On 18 November, the Speaker made the following

observation:

“Hon’ble Members, may recall on 25 July, 2016, I had constituted a nine member

Inquiry Committee to Inquire into the Improper Conduct of Shri Bhagwant Mann, MP

who had videographed and posted critical footage of Parliament House Complex on

social media website. The Committee has been granted extension of time up to the last

day of first week of the current session for presenting its Report.

I have since received a request from the Hon’ble Chairperson of the Inquiry Committee

requesting for further extension of time of two weeks to present their Report.

On due consideration of grounds and reasons stated, I have acceded to the request for

extension of two more weeks time with effect from 19 November, 2016 for the

Committee to present their Report.

As earlier observed by me, in view of the seriousness of the matter Shri Bhagwant

Mann, MP is further advised not to attend the sitting of the House until a decision is taken

in the matter.”

On 2 December, the Inquiry Committee was granted further extension of one

60

more week time to present its Report by 9 December 2016. The Report of the Committee was

laid on the Table of the House on 8 December and on 9 December, Dr. Kirit Somaiya moved the

following motion:

“That this House having taken note of the Report of the Committee to Inquire into the

Improper Conduct of a Member of Lok Sabha, accepts the findings and

recommendations of the Committee that Shri Bhagwant Mann, MP has committed a

highly objectionable act which is unbecoming of a Member of the House and that he may

be suspended from the Membership of the House for the remaining period of the current

session i.e. the Tenth Session of 16th Lok Sabha;

That the House resolves that Shri Bhagwant Mann, MP may be suspended from the

sittings of the House for the remaining period of the Session.

The motion was adopted by the House.

Dr. J. Jayavardhan, a member, made a submission on 18 November regarding

abduction and harassment of Tamil fishermen by Sri Lankan Navy. Two other members associated

themselves with the issue. The Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Ananth Kumar, responded

to the issue. On 2 December, by way of submission, Shri Sudip Bandyopadhyay raised the issue

of deployment of Army personnel around some Toll Plazas in West Bengal. The Minister of

Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Ananth Kumar, responded to- the issue. The Minister of Defence,

Shri Manohar Parrikar, also responded.

During the Session, the Committee on Estimates presented a Report on ‘Structural

Changes in the Budget Presentation’ on 9 December 2016. The Report concurred with

the proposals of the Government of India to (i) merge Railway Budget with Union

Budget; (ii) eliminate the classification of expenditure as Plan-Non Plan consequent to

the abolition of Planning Commission; and (iii) rationalization of demand for grants

subject to the safeguards/riders mentioned therein.

As many as 47 statements were made by Ministers on various important subjects

under Rule 372. Some of these include Statements made by the Minister of Railways,

61

Shri Suresh Prabhu, regarding accident of Train No. 19321 Dn. Indore-Rajendra Nagar

Terminal (Patna) Express between Pokhrayan and Malasa stations of Jhansi Division of

North C ntral Railway on 20 November, 2016; by the Minister of External Affairs,

Shri M.J. Akbar, on the Prime Minister’s visit to Japan; and by the Minister of Science

and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, regarding India

International Science Festival (IISF -2016).

As regards Financial Business, Demands for Excess Grants (General) for the year 2013-

14 and Supplementary Demands for Grants in respect of Budget (General)

for the year 2016-17 were presented by the Minister of Finance, Shri Arun Jaitely on

7 December 2016. These Demands were discussed and voted in full on 8 December

2016 and the relevant Appropriation Bills were passed in the House the same day.

Coming to Legislative Business, ten Government Bills were introduced; one Bill,

as passed by Rajya Sabha, was laid on the Table of Lok Sabha and four Bills were

passed during the Session. Important bills passed during the Session included: The

Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Bill, 2016; and The Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Bill, 2016, as passed by Rajya Sabha.

The Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Bill, 2016, sought to give people an

opportunity to pay taxes with heavy penalty rather than allowing people to find illegal

ways of converting their black money, in the wake of the decision of the Government to

denotify specified bank notes by providing for an alternative scheme namely, the Taxation

and Investment Regime for Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana, 2016 (PMGKY).

The Bill also made some changes in the Income-tax Act to ensure that defaulting assessees

are subjected to tax at a higher rate with stringent penalty provision.

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2016, as passed by Rajya Sabha,

sought to give effect to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities by providing various rights to the persons with Disabilities. The Bill provided

62

for increase in the number of types of disabilities from existing seven to twenty one and

increase in reservation in vacancies in Government establishments from three per cent

to four per cent. The Bill also provided for penalties for offences committed against

persons with disabilities and also violation of the provisions of the new law.

As regards Private Members Business, no Private Members’ Bill and no Private

Members’ Resolution could be taken up during the Session due to adjournment of the

House.

During the Session, four newly elected members, Shri Pradan Baruah representing

Lakhimpur parliamentary constituency of Assam, Shri Partha Pratim Ray representing

Coochbehar parliamentary constituency of West Bengal, Shri Dibyendu Adhikari

representing Tamluk parliamentary constituency of West Bengal and Shri Gyan Singh

represe,nting Shahdol parliamentary constituency of Madhya Pradesh, took oath and signed

the Roll of Members.

During the Session, the Speaker informed the House of receipt of resignation

letters from Shri Tariq Hameed Karra, an elected member from the Srinagar parliamentary

constituency of Jammu & Kashmir (17 October) and Captain Amarinder Singh, an elected

member from the Amritsar parliamentary constituency of Punjab (23 November), resigning

their membership of Lok Sabha and that their resignations had been accepted.

Apart from the obituary references made on the opening day, the Hon’ble Speaker

also made reference to the passing away of Shri Ram Naresh Yadav, Shri N. Anbuchezhian,

Shri P. V. Rajeshwar Rao, all former members. She also made reference to the passing

away of Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna, renowned singer, composer and Carnatic musician on

22 November, 2016. The Speaker Lok Sabha, on 26 November, made a reference to the

passing away of Fidel Castro, the former President of Cuba, who passed away on

25 November, 2016 in Havana, Cuba.

63

On 6 December, the Hon’ble Speaker made reference to the passing away of

Selvi J. Jayalalitha, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for six terms and former Member of

Rajya Sabha on 5 December, 2016 and thereafter the House was adjourned for the day.

The Hon’ble Speaker further made references to (i) martyrdom of 19 soldiers

in a cowardly terrorist attack in Uri, Jammu & Kashmir on 18 September, 2016; (ii) loss of lives

of 50 persons in separate incidents across Bihar during the Chhath festivities; (iii) devastation

caused by the Hurricane Mathew in Haiti on 4 October, 2016 resulting in enormous damage to

life and property; (iv) reported loss of lives of 129 persons and injuries to over 200 in the

derailment of Indore Patna Express train at Pokhrayan near Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh on

20 November, 2016; (v) the loss of lives in the terrorist attack at a mosque in Kabul, Afghanistan;

(vi) the martyrdom of 7 brave army personnel and injuries to several others in a terrorist attack

in Nagrota, Jammu & Kashmir on 29 November, 2016.

References were also made (i) on occasion of the Constitution Day, observed on

26 November; (ii) to the eighth anniversary of terrorist attack in Mumbai on 26 November,

2008; and (iii) 32nd Anniversary of Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

On 9 December, the Hon’ble Speaker made a reference to the thirteenth anniversary

of terrorist attack on Parliament House which took place on 13 December 2001.

At a solemn function held in Parliament House on 13 December 2016, the

Vice-President of India and Chairman, Rajya Sabha, Shri Mohammad Hamid Ansari;

the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the Lok Sabha Speaker, Smt. Sumitra Mahajan

led the nation in paying tributes to those who sacrificed their lives in the terrorist attack , on

Parliament. The Indian Red Cross Society organised a blood donation camp in the Parliament

House on the occasion.

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On 18 November 2016, the Hon’ble Speaker, on behalf of the House, felicitated

(i) P.Y. Sindhu for winning silver medal and Sakshi Malik for winning a bronze medal at

the Summer Olympic Games held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 5 to 21 August, 2016;

(ii) Mariyappan Thangavelu and Devendra Jhajharia for winning gold medals; Deepa Malik

for winning a silver medal and Varun Singh Bhati for winning a bronze medal at the

Summer Paralympic Games held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 7 to 18 September,

2016; (iii) Indian Kabaddi Team for winning Kabaddi World Cup, 2016 by beating Iran

in the final on 22 October, 2016 at Ahmedabad; (iv) Men’s Hockey Team for winning

Asian Champions Trophy by beating Pakistan in the final on 23 October, 2016 at Kuantan,

Malaysia; (v) Women’s Hockey Team for winning Asian Champions Trophy by beating

China on 5 November, 2016 at Singapore; (vi) 8-year old Tajamul Islam creating history

by clinching gold medal in the World Kick Boxing Championship at Andria, Italy; and

(vii) Scientists of ISRO for successfully testing two indigenous scramjet engines at the

Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh on 28 August, 2016 and successful launch

of advanced weather satellite 2 INSAT 3DR on board GSLV F05 from Sriharikota on

8 September, 2016.

On 21 November, the Hon’ble Speaker, on behalf of the House, congratulated

P.Y. Sindhu for winning the Women’s Singles title at the China Open Super Series

Badminton Tournament on 20 November, 2016 in Fuzhou, China. On 5 December, the

Speaker, on behalf of the House, congratulated the Indian Women Cricket Team for

winning the Asia Cup title after beating Pakistan in the final at Bangkok, Thailand on

4 December, 2016. On 8 December, the Speaker on behalf of the House, congratulated

the scientists of the Indian Space Research Organisation for the successful launch of

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV C-36) carrying an earth-observation satellite

‘Resourcesat-2A’ Satellite from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.

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A Parliamentary Delegation from Vietnam led by her Excellency, Mrs. Nguyen

Thi Kim Ngan, President of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

graced the Special Box of Lok Sabha on 9 December 2016. Welcoming the distinguished

guests, the Hon’ble Speaker extended the greetings of the House to the Government and

the friendly people of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Later, the Vietnamese Parliamentary Delegation called on the Hon’ble Speaker,

Lok Sabha, Smt. Sumitra Mahajan. The meeting was followed by signing of Cooperation

Agreements. These included: (i) Cooperation Agreement between the Lok Sabha of the

Parliament of India and the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

(ii) Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of India

and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam for Peaceful use of Atomic

Energy; (iii) Memorandum of Understanding between Air India Limited and Viet jet Aviation

Joint Stock Company For Promotion of traffic between Vietnam and India and sharing

of best practices in airline operation, Ground Handling Procedure and management; and

(iv) Memorandum of Understanding between Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL)

and Vietnam Electricity (EVN) on Developing a Partnership to Jointly Work in the Area

of Energy Efficiency.

As usual, functions were held under the auspices of Indian Parliamentary Group

(IPG) to mark the birth anniversaries of Mahatma Gandhi and Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri

(2 October); Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October); Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das

(5 November); Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (l1 November); Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

(14 November); Smt. Indira Gandhi (l9 November); Dr. Rajendra Prasad (3 December);

Shri C. Rajagopalachari (l0 December); Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December); and

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (25 December); Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January);

and Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January) in the Central Hall of Parliament House where

portraits of these illustrious leaders are put up. Presiding Officers, Union Ministers, Members of

Parliament and other dignitaries paid floral tributes on these occasions.

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Besides, floral tribute functions on the birth anniversaries of former Speakers of

Lok Sabha, Shri G.M.C. Balayogi (1 October); Shri Bali Ram Bhagat (7 October); and

Shri G.V Mavalankar (27 November) were held in the Central Hall of Parliament.

During the Session, on 25 November 2016, as part of the Constitution Day

celebrations, Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi released two books,

‘Constitution of India (updated version), and ‘Making of the Constitution’ at a function

organized by the Speaker’s Research Initiative (SRI). The Speaker, Lok Sabha,

Smt. Sumitra Mahajan; Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha, Prof. PJ. Kurien; and Deputy

Speaker, Lok Sabha, Dr. M. Thambi Durai graced the occasion. Several Union Ministers

and Members of Parliament attended the function. Speaking on the occasion, Prime

Minister Shri Modi underlined the need for connecting the younger generation to the

Constitution and its basic spirit and suggested that there should be awareness programmes

about our Constitution for the students. Describing the Constitution as the soul of India’s

democracy, Lok Sabha Speaker Smt. Sumitra Mahajan said that when the Members of

Parliament are elected to the Parliament, they are given a copy of the Constitution

of India.

Earlier on 23 November 2016, the Lok Sabha Speaker Smt. Sumitra Mahajan

inaugurated workshop on ‘Constitution of India’. The workshop was organized by the

Speaker’s Research Initiative (SRI). The Hon’ble Speaker in her remarks said that the

purpose of the workshop is to enable the MPs, the Jan pratinidhis, to have a better

understanding of the Constitution. The workshop had sessions on the subjects (i) Preamble

of the Constitution, Its Object and Importance; (ii) Separation of Powers among Organs

of State; (iii) Fundamental Duties and Rights; and (iv) Unitary and Federal Structure of

Polity under Indian Constitution.

Further, the Speaker’s Research Initiative (SRI) organised a workshop on

‘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating to Poverty Alleviation through

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Skill Development and Employment Generation’ on 7 December. Lok Sabha Speaker

Smt. Sumitra Mahajan inaugurated the workshop. Founder & Executive Vice-Chairman,

Infoedge; and Prof. K. Ramachandran, National University of Educational Planning and

Administration (NUEPA) addressed the distinguished gathering. A large number of

Members of Parliament attended the workshop.

On 15 December 2016, the Lok Sabha Speaker Smt. Sumitra Mahajan released

Commemorative Volumes on Shri Chandra Shekhar and Shri Jagannath Rao Joshi at a

function held in the Parliament Library Building. The function was attended by several Union

Ministers, Members and Ex-Members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Speaking on

the occasion, The Hon’ble Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Mahajan -recalled the immense

contributions of former Prime Minister, Shri Chandra Shekhar and Karnataka Kesari,

Shri Jagannath Rao Joshi. She observed that their work, vision and debates were exemplary

in every respect and emphasized that Members should learn how to raise important

matters from them.

During the period, the Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training organized a

number of courses and programmes.

The Thirty-second Parliamentary Internship Programme (PIP) for Foreign Parliamentary

Officials was organized by the Bureau from 3 November to 2 December 2016 which was

attended by 46 Foreign Parliamentary Officials from 30 countries.

The Bureau organised a Familiarization Programme on Parliamentary Practices

and Procedures for Media Persons accredited to the Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland

Legislative Assemblies from 5 to 7 December 2016. The programme was attended by

26 participants.

A Special Training programme for officials of National Assembly of Afghanistan

was organized which was attended by 39 participants. Apart from these, eight Appreciation

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Courses in Parliamentary Processes and Procedures for probationers of All India and

Central Services and for middle and senior level officials of Government of India

were organized by the Bureau. In all, 565 participants attended these Courses.

In addition, seven Training Courses for Officials of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State

Legislature Secretariats were organised which were attended by 145 participants.

The Bureau also organized an Attachment programme for the officials of the Sikkim

Legislative Assembly for understanding the Archival Digitization process in Lok Sabha

Secretariat.

In all, eight International Study Visits were organised which were attended by

141 participants. Besides, the Bureau organised fifty-five Study Visits for students/officials

of schools, colleges and other institutions from within the country covering

2,623 participants. Further, Professional Development Programmes for/by Officers of

the Lok Sabha Secretariat were organized from time to time. Ten officers of

the Lok Sabha Secretariat attended Hindi Conferences, Seminars and Workshops.

As mentioned earlier, during this Session, the House witnessed uproarious scenes

and no major business could be transacted. At the conclusion of the Winter Session on 16

December, expressing concern over the impression that the members were conveying

to the people at large, the Hon’ble Speaker Smt. Sumitra Mahajan, inter-alia observed:

“ ... In this Session, while we lost over 91 hours 59 minutes of time due to

interruptions followed by forced adjournments, which does not augur well for all

of us and also dents our image before the public as well. It is my fond hope that

in the coming Sessions, there would be no disruptions and we would all work

better resulting in fruitful discussions and constructive deliberations. I am confident

of support from Leaders and Members from all sections of the House ....”

The Lok Sabha was adjourned sine die on 16 December after playing of

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the National Song. The Honble President of India prorogued the House on

18 December 2016.

After the Session, Lok Sabha Speaker Smt. Sumitra Mahajan attended the Standing

Committee Meeting of the Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers of the

Commonwealth (CSPOC) in London on 12 January, 2017. Speakers and Presiding Officers

from the Parliaments of India, Seychelles, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Canada, Lesotho,

Nigeria, Rwanda, Pakistan, New Zealand, Barbados, Malta, Singapore and the Deputy

Bailiff of Guernsey (in an observer capacity as a future Standing Committee host) attended

the’Meeting.

During the meeting, Hon’ble Speaker, Lok Sabha proposed the following two

topics for inclusion in the Agenda of the next CSPOC to be held in January, 2018

in Seychelles: (i) Strengthening Parliament as an Institution of Accountability; and

(ii) Strengthening Parliamentary Research for Effective Legislative Functioning.

The Standing Committee Meeting considered both the topics suggested by the

Hon’ble Speaker, Lok Sabha and included them as the Agenda Topics of the Plenary and

Workshop of the next Conference.

Focus March 2017.pdf - Niyamasabha.org

Documents

Transcript of Focus March 2017.pdf - Niyamasabha.org