Final Proceeding NPSS.pdf - Pharma Science Monitor

Natural Products: Scope and Status by 2020

Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University 1

Vision

Shaping a better future for mankind by developing effective and socially responsible

individuals and organizations.

Mission

Institute of Pharmacy emphasizes on all round development of its students. It aims at

not only producing good professionals, but also good and worthy citizens of a great

country aiding in its overall progress and development.

To endeavors to treat every student as an individual, to recognize their potential and to

ensure that they receive the best preparation and training for achieving their career

ambitions and life goals.

Goals

The Institute of Pharmacy is established with a view to promote excellence in

pharmaceutical education and to prepare young men and women to meet the challenges

in the area of pharmaceutical industries, education, research and development and

marketing. The institute provides graduate, postgraduate and doctoral level education

at this centre of excellence. The institute is poised to face global challenges of the

pharmaceutical industry and education with the changed perspectives.



CONTENTS

Sr. No. TITLE Page. No.

1 Message from Dignitaries 3

2 About Nirma University 5

3 About Institute of Pharmacy 6-8

4 Committee Members 9

5 Programme Schedule 12

6 Key Note Address 13-16

7 Plenary Lectures 18-29

8 Abstracts for Poster Presentation 30



Welcome Message

It is our pleasure to welcome you all to the AICTE sponsored National Seminar on “Natural Products: Scope and Status by 2020”. We are pleased to present the seminar proceedings. The research thrust in the natural product sector is focused on investigation of leads from the traditional systems of medicine and innovative or indigenous processes for known drugs and formulations. Natural product development includes various steps starting from standardization, isolation and characterization of leads, design and development of “Natural Pharmaceuticals”, preclinical and clinical pharmacology for long term efficacy and safety. The main objective of the seminar is to focus on the key areas of natural product research and facilitate new concepts and techniques in research paradigm for further development. We are honoured to have eminent speakers from reputed organizations and herbal industries. We have received overwhelming response for this seminar from academia and research centres. We have received more than 65 abstracts for the poster presentation session and more than 130 delegates will be participating in the seminar from all over the India. We extend our heartfelt thanks to AICTE for providing financial assistance to conduct this national seminar. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Padma Shri Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, President, Nirma University for being a constant source of motivation. We express our gratitude to Shri Ambubhai M. Patel, Vice-president, Nirma University and Dr. N.V. Vasani, Director General, Nirma University for their valuable guidance and support. We also thank Shri K. K. Patel, Chief Operating Officer, Dr. K. K. Kotecha, Director, Academic Development & Research cell and Shri D. P. Chhaya, Executive Registrar, Nirma University. We extend our thanks to all invited speakers and judges for their remarkable contribution. We thank all the members of the advisory committee, faculty members, staff and students of the Institute for their constant and untiring efforts for the seminar. We also express our gratitude to our sponsors for their whole-hearted support. We wish all the participants a conducive and enlightening experience at the seminar. Prof. Manjunath Ghate Prof. Vimal Kumar Dr. Sanjeev Acharya Chair Person Chief Co ordinator Co ordinator



Nirma University

Padma Shri Dr. Karsanbhai K. Patel, the founder of Nirma Group of Industries and

internationally famous entrepreneur crystallized his long cherished dream of providing

world-class facilities for professional education in Gujarat in 1994. He established Nirma

Education and Research Foundation (NERF), which in turn, established, in a 110 acre

campus, six leading institutions within short span: Institute of Technology in 1995,

Institute of Management in 1996, Institute of Diploma studies in 1997, Institute of

Pharmacy in 2003, Institute of Science in 2004 and Institute of Law in 2007. The

establishment of the Nirma University in April 2003 was a natural consequence of the very

high standards achieved by the institutes.

Nirma University was established in 2003 as a statutory university under the Gujarat State

Act, by University Grant Commission (UGC) under section 2(f) of the UGC Act., as the

initiative of the NERF.

Padma Shri Dr. Karsanbhai K. Patel, Chairman, Nirma Group of Companies and Chairman

NERF, is the President of the University. Shri Ambubhai M. Patel is the Vice-President of

the University and Dr. N. V. Vasani is the Director General of the University.

Nirma University consists of Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Faculty of

Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Doctoral Studies & Research, Faculty of

Science and Faculty of Law. The diploma, graduate, postgraduate and doctoral level

programmes offered by these faculties are rated high by industries, business magazines

and by the students.

Innovation, excellence and quality are the driving forces on the campus and that has

translated the vision of these institutions into a reality over a short period of time. Today,

the campus vibrates with not only world-class curricular activities but also with myriad

activities like symposia, international conferences, student competitions, short term

industry relevant programme and cultural activities.



Institute of Pharmacy

Institute of Pharmacy is a constituent Institute of Nirma University. The future

pharmacists will be required to function, communicate and work effectively in

multidisciplinary teams. Institute of Pharmacy was established with a view to promote

excellence in Pharmaceutical education and to prepare generation next to meet the

challenges in the area of pharmaceutical industries, education, research and development

as well as in marketing. Institute of Pharmacy is poised to face global challenges of the

pharmaceutical industry and education with the changed perspectives.

Institute has modern, well-designed and very well equipped laboratories in addition to the

spacious and ICT enabled classrooms and seminar hall. Research is facilitated by

laboratories housing advanced instruments like Automated dissolution apparatus, Texture

analyzer, Spray dryer, Freeze dryer, Microwave synthesizer, Fourier Transform Infra Red

(FTIR), UV Near IR Spectrophotometer, HPLC, HPTLC, RAMAN Spectrophotometer,

Supercritical fluid extraction chromatogram; to name a few. The institute also boosts a

state of the art Animal House and a large Medicinal Plant Garden with over 160 species of

rare and useful plants.

Programme offered:

1. B. Pharm.*

2. Post B. Pharm. Certificate Programme in Clinical Pharmacy**

3. M. Pharm.*

Pharmaceutical Technology & Bio-pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical Analysis

Pharmacology

Medicinal Chemistry

Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Products

Drug Discovery

4. Ph. D. (Full time & External)***

*With Industrial Training **With Hospital Training ***With course work



Major facilities available at the Institute

Class rooms – The classrooms are spacious, ventilated and equipped with multimedia and

audiovisual equipments to facilitate effective learning. The classrooms are designed to

provide maximum interaction between the faculty and students.

Learning Resources Centre (Library) –The Library plays a vital role in the collection,

development and dissemination of scientific information and includes a wide range of

volumes of different branches of Pharmaceutical Sciences and allied subjects and also

provides extensive access to leading Indian and international research journals. The

Library at Institute of Pharmacy houses more than 7721 volumes of books selectively

chosen for reading and reference, 323 CDs, 963 Bound Volumes, 317 Project Reports

(B.Pharm.), 161 Research Project Reports (M.Pharm.), 10 Ph.D. Thesis and subscribes

about 56 printed national, 32 international periodicals including 4 e-Journals, 11

newspapers and 14 magazines. The Library is also having access to 115 e- journals from

Science direct – Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences that offers a rich

electronic environment for research journals, bibliographic databases and reference

works.

Computer Centre - The central computer facilities consist of 20 servers and more than

1100 systems, which are interconnected by fibre optic cables and 4 Mbps, leased line

internet connectivity. Computing facilities for students include a laboratory equipped with

24 computers for U.G. and 10 for P.G. to the Windows NT server and Local Area Network.

The institute also houses a language laboratory to improvise the students in languages &

communication skills. The network also connects the faculty and staff for information

sharing and communication. The students have an easy access to the internet. The

faculties are also provided computer and internet facilities.

Sophisticated Instrument Laboratory - The Institute houses modern analytical

instruments like FTIR Florescence Spectrophotometer, UV- Spectrophotometer, HPLC,

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction, HPTLC, RAMAN Spectrophotometer

which provide analysis comprising elemental composition, chromatography, diffraction,

particle/material characteristics including various spectroscopes. The laboratory provides

analytical support and intellectual input to both in-house and externally funded R & D

projects.



Machine Room – Centralized machine room is equipped with Rotary tablet machine,

Fluidized bed drier cum coater, Digital tensiometer, Texture analyzer, Mini Spray Dryer,

Freeze dryer, Automated dissolution apparatus etc. The laboratory provides facilities to

carryout extensive research and consultancy for Pharmaceutical Industries.

Medicinal Plant Garden – The medicinal plant garden covering a total area of 3384.5 sq.

meters has been developed at the university campus. More than 160 species of various

medicinal plants have been already planted and maintained.

Animal house – State of art animal house facility registered by CPCSEA, Government of

India is designed to facilitate the availability of healthy and homogeneous animals for

undergraduate and post graduate students.

Research laboratory- A fully dedicated research laboratory helps the faculty members to

undertake sponsored research projects as well as to carry out doctoral research work in

various areas.

Achievements

Faculty Members and students are actively involved in research, consultancy and

sponsored projects. The institute has to more than 80 international and 30 national

publications to its account. Institute of Pharmacy received the research projects worth of

Rupees around 100 lakhs from GMDC, Ahmedabad, GUJCOST, Gandhinagar and various

Pharmaceutical Industries.

The graduate students have secured admissions at reputed places like IITs, NIPER and

other PG centre of India and also abroad. The post graduate students have been placed at

reputed academic institutions and industries of India.



COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Chief Patron

Shri. Ambubhai M. Patel

Vice President Nirma University

Dr. N.V.Vasani

Director General Nirma University

Chair Person

Prof. Manjunath D. Ghate

I/c Director, Institute of Pharmacy Chief Co-ordinator Co-ordinator

Prof. Vimal Kumar

Head of Department (Pharmacognosy)

Dr. Sanjeev Acharya Associate Professor

Organizing Committee Member

Dr. Niyati Acharya Assistant Professor

Ms. Nagja Tripathi Assistant Professor

Ms. Dipal Gandhi

Assistant Professor



ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Anuradha K. Gajjar

Professor, Department of Pharm. Chem. &

Academic Coordinator, Institute of

Pharmacy, Nirma University

Prof. Tejal A. Mehta

Head, Department of Pharmaceutics,

Institute of Pharmacy,

Nirma University

Dr. Priti J. Mehta

Head, Department of Pharma. Analysis,

Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

Dr. A .K. Saluja

Principal

A.R.C.P, Vidya Nagar

Dr. K. N. Patel

Principal, Sal Pharmacy College,

Ahmedabad

Dr. N. S. Kapadiya

Associate Professor and Head L.M.C.P.,

Ahmedabad

Dr. M. B. Shah

Associate Professor L.M.C.P.,

Ahmedabad

Dr. N. R. Sheth

Director Depart. Pharmacy,

Saurashtra University

Dr. N. M. Patel

Principal, B.M.Shah College of Pharmacy,

Modasa

Dr. K. Pundrikakshudu

Principal

L. J. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad

Dr. U. M. Upadhyay

Director, Sigma Institute of Pharmacy,

Baroda

Dr. Rakesh Patel

Professor and Head,

S.K. Patel College of Pharmacy, Kherva

Dr. B. L. Punjani

Professor and Head, PG centre in Botany, Smt. S.M.Panchal Science College, Talod



SUBCOMMITTEE MEMBERS

Registration Ms. Dipal Gandhi

Manishbhai Patel

Niraj Sharma

Omkar Sherikar

Sangeeta Gupta

Scientific and Printing Dr. Sanjeev Acharya

Dr. Niyati Acharya

Ms. Dipal Gandhi

Dipeshbhai Patel

Prerak Patel

Divyang Patel

Devang Shelat

Hospitality Ms. Nagja Tripathi

Sangeeta Gupta

Divyang Patel

Inauguration and stage management Dr. Niyati Acharya

Ms. Nagja Tripathi

Shaival Shah

Chaitanya Sarvaiya

Catering Mr. Kuntal Manna

Mr. Vivek Vyas

Dipak Khatri

Jignesh Parikh



PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

Time Programme Speaker Day 1: 19/08/2011 (Friday)

9:00 AM- 10:00 AM Registration and Tea 10:00 AM- 11:15 AM Inauguration

11.15 AM - 12:00 Key Note Address Mr. R. Rajendran

CEO, Green Chem Herbal Extracts & Formulations Bangalore, Karnataka

12:00 -12:45 PM Plenary Lecture 1 Dr. Lal Hingorani

Chairman/Managing Director, Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Dharmaj

12:45 PM - 2.00 PM Lunch Break Poster Competition (Poster No: 1-38)

2:00 PM - 2.45 PM Plenary Lecture 2 Dr. S.B. Kasture

Principal, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon ,Maharashtra

2:45 PM- 3:30 PM Plenary Lecture 3

Prof. Renuka Thergaonkar Head, PGDPCM(Post Graduate Diploma in

Perfumery and Cosmetics Management) Kelkar Vaze College, Mumbai

3.30 PM - 4:15 PM Plenary Lecture 4 Dr. C. S. Godbole Director, Septech Marketing (I) Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai

Day 2: 20/08/2011 (Saturday)

9:15 AM -10:00 AM Plenary Lecture 1

Prof. D.D. Santani Professor & Director,

Post Graduate Education and Research, Shri G. M. Bilakhia ROFEL College of Pharmacy,

Vapi

10.00 AM -10.45 AM Plenary Lecture 2 Mr. Akshay Charegaonkar, Manager, Anchrom Enterprises (I) Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai

10:45 AM- 11:15 AM Tea Break

11:15 AM- 12:00 Plenary Lecture 3

Dr. Vipin. B. Gupta Professor & Director,

B.R.Nahata College of Pharmacy and Director BRNSS Contract Research Center, Mandsaur

12:00 -12:45 PM Plenary Lecture 4

Dr. Umesh Patil Principal,

Peoples Institute of Pharmacy Research Centre, Bhopal

12:45 PM - 2:45 PM Lunch Break Poster Competition (Poster No: 39-68)

2:45 PM - 3:30 PM Panel Discussion & Certificate Distribution

KEY NOTE

ADDRESS



TITLE - HERBAL PRODUCTS: emerging trends and future challenges. Mr. R. Rajendran CEO, Green Chem Herbal Extracts & Formulations, Bangalore, Karnataka

Bio data

Mr. R. Rajendran is the founder and CEO of Green Chem. Green Chem is primarily involved

with the manufacture of herbal extracts and development of formulations and is a 100%

export oriented establishment. Mr. Rajendran secured a post graduation degree in Bio

Chemistry in 1974 from Madras University and then joined at Kothari Phyto-chemicals in

Madurai where he worked for four years. Then he joined CIPLA, where he was entrusted

with the role of leading the technical functions for each of CIPLA’s four major units and

spent 17 prosperous years at Cipla. He also worked for Sabinsa Corporation, a US based

company, and established Sabinsa’s sister company, Sami Chemicals in India. At Sami

Chemicals, Mr. Rajendran was credited with various accolades for his contributions in the

Herbal industry and received due recognition in the form of an award for Quality Products

from the President of India in 1994. In 1997, He took on the role of an entrepreneur and

incorporated two companies – GREEN CHEM in Bangalore and NATSYN CATALYSTS in

Tamil Nadu. He received consecutive national awards from the Government of India for

the years 2008/09 and 2009/10 for his contribution to innovation in the Natural Products

industry. It is worth mentioning here that there is a “Hat trick” this year as the National

Award is going to be awarded this year also i.e., 3rd time consecutively. Mr. Rajendran is

credited with inventing and holds the patents to a brand new anti-obesity drug

(Slimaluma) that is currently a best-seller in the global markets. Today, with over 36 years

of experience in the herbal industry, he is planning to establish two more manufacturing

units – one for manufacturing reference standards for phyto-marker compounds and the

other for manufacturing herbal extracts for urinary tract infections.



Abstract

Herbal products market is fast growing and it attracts many companies for diversifying into this easily. This is the present trend. This is posting a future challenge on how the safety can be assured for the consumers. Indian knowledge on Herbal medicines is abundant. Using this in a scientific format similar to Pharmaceutical concept is very essential for us to succeed in the international arena. For achieving this, we should know what are the present weaknesses in Herbal extracts area. Varying standards: Ayurveda recommends use of crude herbs powders, tinctures, Churnas, crude extracts etc., these are all not standardized for actives. Quality of herbs can vary a lot due to many factors. This means the health benefits are not assured. Therefore, standardization is needed to get consistent quality. Species identification: This can also pose a problem in achieving desired quality. Two species of the herb looking alike can be misused if it is collected by visual inspection only. Sage, Tulsi, Mint, Rose are few examples. This type of similarities is sometimes exploited to deliberately adulterate the herbs. All these result in consumption of wrong herbs or low potent herbs, leading to health problems to consumers. Therefore the challenge is on how to offer the herbs which are consistent in quality with respect to end results. Herbal extracts: The same is applicable when we use herbal extracts if the extracts are not tested for quality with respect to active substances, biological contaminations, physical contaminations, chemical impurities, toxicity, stability etc., The stability of the extracted product can be a problem as compared to native herbs. Pharma approach: All these questions can be answered and tackled in a scientific manner if we follow pharmaceutical approach for ensuring quality consistency for the product. We should establish standards for each of the above to assure the expected bioactivity to the consumer. Each herb and each extract should be studied in depth to specify quality standards, covering impurities relating to physical, chemical, biological in addition to purity parameters, similar to Pharmacopoeial products. This should cover the dosage, expiry dating, and compatibility parameters in multiple ingredients formula as well. Product specifications: The herb and other raw materials used for manufacturing should be tested and approved. Elaborate quality parameters should be defined as per Pharmacopoeial guidelines. It is important to specify packing details, storage conditions and stability period.



Safety and toxicity: Safety of the herbal extract should be ensured by animal studies. Toxicity study should be carried out elaborately covering acute oral toxicity, mutagenicity and sub-chronic toxicity and teratogenicity. Efficacy confirmation and dosage levels should be established. Developing monographs: AYUSH dept has already started developing monographs for herbs and herbal extracts involving many Indian companies (Green Chem, Bangalore is also a part of this). Overcoming limitations: Herbal Extracts have certain limitations in giving quick results as compared to synthetic allopathic drugs. For example anti diabetic chemicals like Metformin, Glimepiride, and others show quick results in reducing blood sugar levels. When we use Herbal extracts like Karela, Gymnema, Coccinia, Mulberry etc., sugar reduction is not as good as the above chemicals. Even higher dosages cannot achieve better results. Now the challenge is how to make use of herbals along with synthetic medicines. Complimentary medicines are the new approach, being attempted to get the benefits of both. Using synthetic drugs to reduce the sugar levels to normal level and then taking herbal extracts to maintain the sugar levels is the new approach. Herbs can give lot of variety and flexibility in usage. Gymnema herb is an anti diabetic herb. The mechanism of working is unique! This is to be taken before a meal so that the Gymnemic acids present in Gymnema obtunds sugar identifying receptors temporarily when the sugar is passing thro the alimentary canal. Therefore entry of sugar into blood stream is limited. Taking Gymnema before meal and taking other herbal extracts after the meal can regulate sugar levels. Green Chem is promoting this concept with DiaBef and DiaAft for sugar control. Herbal extracts can work better at a different platform as compared to drugs. Synthetic Drugs can help in controlling the disease and thereafter herbal extracts can take over to maintain the effect. The inter phase has to be gradual to avoid imbalance due to sudden abrupt change over. By this way long use of synthetic drugs can be minimized with lesser side effects. A combination of a synthetic pain killer with prawn shell-Glucosamine and Cardiospermum extract, Delonix extract etc., can give a faster cure for arthritic conditions. We have seen miraculous results with our Green Chem’s unique formula of EASY CLIMB. Aloe vera gel is a good vehicle for many cosmetics products. We have a range in this: Aloe skin care, Aloe before, Aloe after, Aloe beauty, Aloe Hair guard, Aloe Ultimate, Aloe bright, Acne erase, Green Scrub. This approach is going to give major breakthrough in health recovery segment.



New vistas: There are few herbal extracts like Black Pepper extract, Ginger extract, Alangium extract etc., which can increase the bioavailability of synthetic drugs; this means the dosage can be reduced and reduce the side effects! A few milligrams of the herbal extract along with the synthetic drugs can possibly reduce the dose by half. This is a great boon when long term therapy is required. This is going to be a major milestone in healthcare. Ischemic conditions are the reasons for many ailments due to improper blood circulation. Blood circulation is most important to nourish the parts of human body. If this not proper the respective function is affected. The circulation can be affected by various reasons – fat deposits, capillary hardening, low pressure etc. Most of the ailments are caused by insufficient blood circulation. We are working on various herbal ingredients like FLOBET to tackle the ischemic conditions. This will be a major area of our focus for next few years. Another major focus in the international market is using Green extracts for enhancing male libido/ female libido and Anti Obesity. This has been established by Green Chem and commercialization of GREEN XX and GREEN XY are being done in US, Australia and other countries. Herbal cosmetics is already growing in many applications like herbal shampoos, herbal conditioners, herbal hair colors, herbal scrubs etc., Green Chem has developed herbal formula for anti acne (Acne erase), skin whitening (Aloe bright), hair fall stopping (Aloe Hair guard). This is a bigger area where the herbal extracts can be used very effectively.

The Organic way: Another very important area is using organic herbs and organic herbal extracts. Organic cultivation does not use any chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other chemicals. Therefore it is very safe for human consumption. But there is a difference between organic herbs and certified organic herbs. We should insist on Certified Organic herbs so that the organic cultivation is genuine and authentic. The certification is done by outside reputed agency, hence no room for errors, consumer is safe!

The scope for using herbal ingredients is very big. It is important to establish the safety and efficacy first and then market. In India we have the herbal wealth and good brain power. Let us be the trend setter for the globe!

More information, please mail at [email protected]



CONTACT DETAILS Head Office

Anchrom Enterprises (I) Pvt. Ltd “101, Shree Aniket Apartment, Navghar Road, Mulund (E),

Mumbai - 400 081 Tel: +91 022 2163 9928 – 31

Fax: +91 022 2163 9927 E- mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

PLENARY LECTURES



TITLE – Integration of Ayurveda with Modern Medicine Dr. Lal Hingorani Chairman/ Managing Director Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Dharmaj

Bio data

Dr. Lal Hingorani, Chairman/ Managing Director, Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd completed his

M. Sc from Bombay University in 1979. He has completed his Ph. D (Chemistry) from

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai in the year 1988. He has worked as a lecturer

in National College, Bandra from 1979 to 1981. He has more than 32 years of experience

in research and herbal drug development. He has associated with many companies and

has worked as In charge of Research and Development at Walter Bushnell Ltd. From 1981-

1987. He has worked as Assistant Manager in R & D Merind Ltd. From 1987- 1994. He

rendered his services as Chief Executive Officer at Arbitee Chem pharma Ltd. From 1994-

1997. After 1997 he has been associated with Pharmanza as Director and since 2005 he

has been working as Chairman/ Managing Director of Pharmanza Herbal Pvt Ltd. He has

more than 20 original research and review papers in various journals of National and

International repute. His major key areas of research are phytopharmacology of herbal

drugs and formulations and herbal drug standardization.

Abstract In process of evolution of modern medicine from irrational beliefs that diseases are due to

Evil sprits somewhere 5000 years ago. Ayurveda had developed which is one of ancient

well documented medical science. World has changed lot since then and so is our

understanding. So there is need to understand Ayurveda once again and integrate it with

modern medicine so that most of the physicians who practice Modern medicine can

understand it and take advantage of this science. Various steps have to be taken for this

so that integration is successful and western world where we are trying to sell these

products understands our products.



TITLE - Mucuna pruriens in treatment of Parkinson's disease: Prospects & perspectives

Dr. S.B. Kasture Principal, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research Kopargaon, Maharashtra

Bio data

Prof. Sanjay Kasture is the Principal of Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education &

Research at Kopargaon, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. He graduated from Govt College

of Pharmacy, Karad in 1982 and did M. Pharm and Ph. D. from Nagpur University. He has

been MUIR fellow in Dept. of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Italy during Nov 2006-Nov

2007. He has served as visiting professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of

Cagliari, Italy. He is a member of Applied Plant Research International Network (APRIN)

and has collaboration with University of Innsbruck, Austria and University of Cagliari, Italy.

His area of research is ‘Ethnopharmacology of Centrally Acting Herbs’. He has published

80 research papers in International and Indian journals. He has authored one book on

experiments in preclinical pharmacology. He is the recipient of Prof. B. P. Mukherjee

Prize for best research paper in Indigenous system of medicine. He is currently working on

some Sardinian medicinal plants and their essential oils. He has reviewed several papers

for Neuropharmacology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, Natural Products

Research, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Indian Journal of

Experimental Biology, and Indian journal of Pharmacology. He is a member of Editorial

Board of Journal of Natural Remedies and Journal of Oriental Pharmacology &

Experimental Medicine.



Abstract

Seeds of Mucuna pruriens (MP) have long been used in Ayurveda in the treatment of

Parkinson's disease (PD). The treatment of PD using modern medicine is considered

‘highly effective yet grossly inadequate’. Several studies have been carried out on the

drugs used in treatment of PD however, the causes of dyskinesia and symptoms of

advancing PD are still unknown. The levodopa induced dyskinesia is a major distressing

symptom of advancing PD. Our studies on Mucuna pruriens extracts have been very

encouraging and showing some areas of research for further developments. The scientific

community all over the world has been considering increased contralateral movements

and abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia) in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats as

two behavioural aspects with same mechanism. Our study has shown that abnormal

involuntary movements can be reduced while increasing contralateral movements.

Further, our studies have shown that lower doses of levodopa present in Mucuna extract

were more effective than levodopa in alleviating akinesia. We have also shown that

Mucuna extract inhibited orofacial dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics in rats. The

research carried out on the basis of physiological changes occurring in PD and the

phytoconstituents present in Mucuna have suggested that Mucuna can be considered as a

‘Prototype Herbal Multimix’ that can focus light on obtaining better treatment for this

disease. An attempt is made to correlate effect of phytoconstituents on symptomatic

treatment of PD. The studies indicated that Mucuna contains ingredients which support

the activity of levodopa in PD.



Title: Herbal Cosmetics- a Formulator’s Perspective

Prof. Renuka Thergaonkar Head, PGDPCM (Post Graduate Diploma in Perfumery and Cosmetics Management),Kelkar Vaze College, Mumbai

Bio data

Prof. Renuka Thergaonkar presently working as head of department of PGDPCM course at Kelkar Vaze College, Mumbai has more than 15 years of teaching experience of cosmetic chemicals and herbal Personal Care formulations. She completed her B.Tech and M.Tech in Cosmetic Technology and also done DBM. She is also a Consulting Technical Head for Creative centre in Kelkar Education Trusts's Scientific Research Centre, Mumbai. She has been serving as a technical consultant to many companies for herbal cosmetics and raw materials like Natures Boon, Roots and Herbs, Kaolim, Charak Pharmaceuticals, Aero Pharma, Eva Fragrances, and A La Naturals. She is actively involved in herbal cosmetic research and specialized in development of 100% organic products for the industry. She has been working on many evaluation projects for cosmetics using instruments like corneometer and tewameter for Safety and efficacy studies of cosmetics. She has conducted many workshops and seminars on herbal cosmetics, aromatherapy and on new age cosmetics and fragrances. She has many publications on herbal cosmetics and presented many papers at national and international level conferences.

Abstract Cosmetics are a necessity in today’s world. A normal individual’s day starts with cosmetics and ends with cosmetics. Hence with the increased consumption of cosmetics there are different variants available in market. But with increased awareness towards the effect of chemicals on skin and environment more and more people are preferring use of herbal cosmetics which is an age old tradition. Today’s herbal cosmetic market is 1500 billion dollars and is growing at a rate of 25% per annum. Herbal cosmetics based on availability in market can be classified into three types: herbal mode cosmetics, organic and cosmetic products made of highly concentrated actives. The steps involved in development of herbal cosmetics are phytochemical investigation of herbs which deals with authentication, selection and other processes, selection of extraction procedure, separation and isolation of active ingredients, standardization of extracts which is done by physical assays, toxicological testing and bioactivity assays. After the standardization procedure the extracts are quantified and then incorporated in the suitable base and fragranced. The products are further tested for safety efficacy and sensorial aspects by various methods and instruments like corneometer etc. The product if prepared in a systematic way will lead to a safe, nontoxic and efficacious product as compared to an herbal cosmetic which is not developed in a systematic manner. As there are few rules and regulations governing these products it is the duty of formulators and manufacturer’s to develop safe and efficacious product.



TITLE - Combi Flash Systems in Natural Product Separations. Dr. C. S. Godbole Director, Septech Marketing (I) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

Bio data Dr. Chintamani Shankar Godbole has done Ph.D. in Bio-Physics in 1983 from Mumbai University. He has published six papers in International Scientific Journals in the field of Cancer Research. Presently, he is the Director of Septech Marketing (India) Pvt. Ltd. Before joining Septech, he was Product Manager at Lab India Instruments Pvt. Ltd. and All India Manager at ‘Waters’. He has been the consultant to a Multinational Japanese company for Development of HPLC system. He has conducted various workshops for HPLC training at various Educational Institutes and Multinational Companies. At present, he is involved in Herbal product separation and testing of Individual active ingredients, using various Bio Systems. He has 25 years of Exhaustive experience in the field of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Flash Chromatography, Low Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Counter Current Liquid Chromatography, specialized Super Critical Extraction Systems and super critical particle formation systems. He is recipient of excellent sales and support award from foreign principals. He is one of the team members of Super Critical Sub micron particle formation Team in one of the leading colleges in Mumbai. Abstract

Preparative HPLC has long been a mainstay in organic chemistry labs for purifying compounds on reverse phase. New Flash chromatography systems with higher pressures and flow rates, such as the CombiFlash Rf, allow the use C18 columns with reduced particle size to give results approaching those of preparative HPLC systems. CombiFlash Rf system can be changed easily between normal and reverse phase solvent systems with little more than a flush of the system with a solvent miscible to both solvent systems used. HPLC systems are generally configured only to run reverse phase C18 chromatography. CombiFlash Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) systems allow a variety of loading techniques. Samples can be dissolved then adsorbed on a variety of materials prior to loading or injected as a liquid. The main advantage of MPLC injection mechanisms is the high sample recovery. The compounds are easily transferred to the column during the sample run. Liquid loading is also an option on flash systems. The sample is injected directly onto the column or through the valve on CombiFlash systems with a syringe. By washing, and applying the wash to the column, nearly 100% of the compound is transferred for purification. MPLC systems do not require that solvent be filtered or degassed. The pumps are robust and are designed to tolerate a small amount of particulates in the solvent. Air bubbles do not cause MPLC systems to lose their prime. Since solvents do not need filtering, there is less time required to start purification.



TITLE - Safety Monitoring of Herbal Medicines in Pharmacovigilance System Prof. D.D. Santani Professor & Director, Post Graduate Education and Research, Shri G. M. Bilakhia ROFEL College of Pharmacy, Vapi

Bio data

Prof. D.D. Santani, Professor & Director, Post Graduate Education and Research, Shri G. M.

Bilakhia ROFEL College of Pharmacy, Vapi has 40 years of pharmacological research and

teaching experience. He completed his B. Pharm from Banaras Hindu University, M. Sc.

(Medicine) Pharmacology from Rajasthan University and Ph. D. from Birla Institute of

Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan. He was associated with L.M.College of Pharmacy,

Ahmedabad as professor & chairman, Department of Pharmacology for 22 years and

before that he worked at Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (1978-86) and S.M.S.

Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan (1976-78). He also

rendered his services as visiting professor at Institute of Cardiovascular Research,

University of Mannitoba, Winnipeg, Canada in 2005. He has more than 165 publications

and many presentations in national and international conferences, guided more than 100

M. Pharm and 30 Ph. D students. He was ex- president of GPTA and is chairman of Board

of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences at Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar. He is

recipient of many awards and is a member of many professional bodies like IPS, APTI,

Board of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences at BITS Pilani, Board of Postgraduate

Education & Research, Gujarat University, panel of inspectors for implementation of

Education Regulations, PCI, member of selection committee/expert advisor at several

Public Service Commissions, Faculty of Pharmacy and Academic Council. He has received

many projects and more than Rs. 35 lacs of grant for research in different sectors of

pharmacology from various technical bodies like UGC, AICTE, GUJCOST and NIF. He has

attended number of seminars, workshops and conferences as resource person and also

chaired various sessions. He served as consultant to several pharmaceutical organizations

for scientific research and human resource development.



Abstract

There is widespread misconception that ‘natural drugs’ are ‘safe drugs’. The history says

that we were using various plant extracts as arrowhead poisons for killing or paralysing

animals and as toad poisons. Not long back (and perhaps even today) we find

practitioners of Ayurvedic medicines claiming ‘ absolute safety’ of herbal drugs giving

explanations that all plant materials used as medicine have ‘curative’ constituents as well

as other constituents antagonising their toxic effects. Some of them have started realising

that need of monitoring safety of so called ‘safe’ drugs now. Monitoring safety of herbal

drugs in pharmacovigilance system meets more challenges than what we require to do in

case of drugs or formulations used in allopathic system of medicines due to many reasons

including availability of procedure for standardization and purity of herbal preparations.

All these reasons have given rise to National Pharmacovigilance Centres in many countries

including India. The present talk dwell upon the problems/ challenges in monitoring safety

of herbal products followed by standard procedures employed to minimize such

problems. The adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is one of the main elements of

monitoring safety of such problems.



TITLE: Application of CAMAG TLC-MS Interface in Natural Products Research

Mr. Akshay Charegaonkar, Manager, Anchrom Enterprises (I) Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

Bio data

Mr. Akshay Charegaonkar completed his BS in Polymer Chemistry from Rochester Institute of Technology, in New York State. He was actively involved in Vicor Corp. near Boston working on polymers in a semiconductor packaging context from October 2008 to September 2009. At Anchrom enterprises since 2009, he is a management trainee responsible for many aspects of business including the Camag Switzerland Recognized Application laboratory. As a part of this, he has undergone factory training in Camag, Switzerland and Mitsubishi Iatron, Japan. He has been working for chemical analysis using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Generation of accurate, detailed scientific reports based on analysis data. His area of expertise includes Basic organic synthesis, purification and recrystallization, handling of spectrometric instruments including NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectrometry. He has received RIT’s Presidential Scholarship during his tenure at the institute. He is recipient of Silver Medal in Dr. Homi Bhabha Science Talent Search in Bombay, India for the year 2000.

Abstract Discovery and development of new therapeutic agents is a continuous process. Of late an increasing number of people are opting for traditional and Indigenous system of medicine for their need. Herbal drugs may be designed based on proven efficacies in traditional system of medicine and modern scientific literature and generally are multiple combination of medicinal plants or their extracts. For regulatory purposes, these products are needed to be standardized and fingerprinting by HPTLC or HPLC is necessary. During the last several years, development of standardization parameter of herbal drugs (both Ayurvedic medicines and modern herbal drugs) has been emerging issue for industries. Introduction of densitometric detection based on scanning of chromatographic plates in UV-Vis light revolutionized TLC and to a large extent filled the performance gap between TLC and HPLC. Introduction of the TLC-MS interface acts as a meaningful enhancement of the analytical potential of TLC focused either on identification of the single separated analytes, or on a specific fingerprinting of fractionated mixtures. There is an additional advantage inherent in the TLC-MS interface, so far not fully recognized and hardly exploited. With its aid, one can develop 2D separation systems that involve both, TLC and the TLC-MS interface. The utility of HPTLC and HPTLC/MS in the standardization of these herbal drugs is also being looked into as better, viable and simple alternative to HPLC.



TITLE - Networking Drug Discovery & Pharmaceutical Innovations Dr. V B Gupta Professor & Director, B.R.Nahata College of Pharmacy and Director BRNSS Contract Research Centre, Mandsaur

Bio data Dr. V. B.Gupta is currently working as Professor & Director, B.R.Nahata College of Pharmacy and Director BRNSS Contract Research Center, an organ of BRNCP launched to promote Academia Industry Interaction. He completed his B. Pharm and M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics) from Dr. HariSingh Gour University, Sagar, Ph.D from J. N. V. University, Jodhpur and has more than 20 years of research experience. Since 1999 he has been associated with B.R.Nahta College of Pharmacy and has earlier served at L M College of Science & Technology (1991-95), Himalaya Drug Company (1995-97), Banner Pharmacaps (1997- 98) and Auburn University (Summers of 2000 & 2001). Widely travelled, Dr Gupta has diverse interests in education, research, literature and spirituality and is currently promoting entrepreneurship amongst the faculty and students. An innovation expert, Dr Gupta is attempting to dramatically reduce the cost of Pharma R&D through Drug Discovery Network. Dr. Gupta is a coordinator of ”TIFAC-CORE in Green Pharmacy, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy and also working as Editor-in-Chief for ‘International Journal of Green Pharmacy’ and ‘Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. He has filed 15 patents, done many presentations, authored two books of pharmaceutical sciences, published over 50 research papers and attracted large research grants and revenues. He is recipient of several scholarships and prizes. He Received TQM (Total Quality Management) Award at the Himalaya Drug Company in 1996. He has guided many students for their projects of M. Pharm and Ph.D. His research interest lies in Product Development, Green Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice. He has served as convener and co ordinator of many seminars, symposia, workshops, training programme and conferences. He has authored books in Hindi literature like “clonatma” and “Jane apne apko” and also written article in various newspapers and journals. He has been invited by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for an intensive meeting on - How do scientists, companies and society get the best out of collaboration between universities and industries?’ at Stockholm 2011. He is working as CEO of Enthusiasm Inc., the organization aims to serve as a dependable motivational platform of spirituality to makes miracle happens.

Abstract Networking hastens the speed of process and dramatically reduces the cost thereof; because, it helps make proper connect; and hence, enhances the resource utilization. This is why ‘Internet’ is rated as the biggest invention of the modern man. The workshop ‘Networking Drug Discovery & Pharmaceutical Innovations’ explores why pharma research needs to shed the baggage of exorbitant cost by switching from its expensive-exploitary-competitive sculpt to cost-effective – collaborative – cooperative model.



TITLE - Ethnopharmacology and Metabolomics: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Drug Discovery from Natural Sources Prof. (Dr.) U.K. Patil Principal, Peoples Institute of Pharmacy Research Centre, Bhopal

BIO DATA Prof. (Dr.) U.K. Patil is the Principal of People’s Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal. He has done B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Ph.D. from Sagar University. He has also done Post-Doctoral Research from Leiden University, The Netherlands. His area of specialization is Pharmacognosy and Natural Products. He has more than 14 years of experience. He has received many awards and fellowship like BOYSCAST fellowship awarded by DST, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi (2006), CDACR Award-2004 for contribution in Research on Indian Natural Medicine by Centre for Development Action and Community Research, Bhopal, Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) awarded by University Grants Commission, National award-2001 for Innovation in Health Education by Health Minister of India during December 2001 and Teachers Excellence Award-2007 by IES Group, Bhopal. He is the Joint Secretary to Society of Pharmacognosy (SP) for the current term and Secretary to M.P. State Branch of Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India (APTI) for term 2008-2011. He was awarded with national award for Essay on Health Education by then Cabinet Health Minister Shri C.P. Thakur during Inaugural function of Indian Pharmaceutical Congress-2001, in New Delhi. He has published 59 articles in national and international journals and has presented various papers in many conferences in different countries during last ten years. He was facilitated by the Governor, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh for “Best Paper Presentation Award” August, 2002. He has visited many countries like Spain, Switzerland, South Africa, Germany and France for academic and scientific assignments. He is a member of many professional bodies like; International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), International Society of Ethnopharmacology(ISE), International Society for Medicinal Plant Research (GA), Germany, International Pharmaceutical Students Federation, International Society of Natural Product Development Switzerland, and a life member of APTI, IPA, IPGA, ISTE and IAHP.



Abstract Phytochemical screening techniques are developing fast and we now have tools available which allow us to analyse complex mixtures in ultra modern ways. The modern research era allows a systematic investigation of such complex mixtures and specifically to link phytochemical analysis with other strategies (such as in vitro or in vivo screening for biological activity or toxicity, morphological plant diversity and ecological parameters). Specifically as it relates to the study of medicinal and food plants, the main challenge is to understand the complex effects of such extracts. Since most of these research activities are linked to plants used in traditional and local cultures, this requires an ethnopharmacological approach coupled with modern metabolomic investigations. The potential of such multidisciplinary approach and its potential benefits for phytochemically oriented research will be discussed. The traditional medicines offer a rich and largely unexplored source of therapeutic leads for the pharmaceutical industry. Academic research and the pharmaceutical sciences may profit in many ways by including ethnopharmacological and metabolomic investigations. One highly illuminating example is the acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor galanthamine. The early research into the botanical species was derived from Galanthus species. It was based on local, but poorly documented knowledge, which was then turned into a medication to treat poliomyelitis and ultimately resulted in a novel treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Although herbal medicinal products (HMP) have been perceived by the public as relatively low risk, there has been more recognition of the potential risks associated with this type of product as the use of HMPs increases. Potential harm can occur via inherent toxicity of herbs, as well as from contamination, adulteration, plant misidentification, and interactions with other herbal products or pharmaceutical drugs. Regulatory safety assessment for HMPs relies on both the assessment of cases of adverse reactions and the review of published toxicity information. However, the conduct of such an integrated investigation has many challenges in terms of the quantity and quality of information. Adverse reactions are under-reported, product quality may be less than ideal, herbs have a complex composition and there is lack of information on the toxicity of medicinal herbs or their constituents. Nevertheless, opportunities exist to capitalise on newer information to increase the current body of scientific evidence. The integration of ethnopharmacology and metabolomics can reduce the uncertainty in decision making with respect to herbal medicinal products.



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IN PURSUIT OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACTS

FOR

POSTER PRESENTATION



ABSTRACT INDEX

Poster No.

Presenter Name Title of Abstract Page

No.

P-001 Gupta H. D. Standardization of Stimulact Granules - A Study On Nutritional Approach With Antioxidant Property 34

P-002 Aroskar S. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of a Nutraceutical formulation comprising Psidium guajava fruit, Juglans regia L. fruit and Whey.

34

P-003 Thapliyal S. Analysis of Wedelolactone in Eclipta alba and its formulation by HPTLC 35

P-004 Auti S.A., Evaluation of Mucoprotective Activity of Shark Squalene Using Chemical And Stress Induced

Mucosal Damage In Rats 35

P-005 Vyas A. D. Microwave Assisted Isolation Of Mucilage From The Fruits Of Lagenaria siceraria 35

P-006 Ravalji N.H Microwave assisted Isolation of Mucilage from the Fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus 36

P-007 Soni. S.J Development And Evaluation Of Polyherbal

Transdermal Patch For Its Anti-Inflammatory Potential

36

P-008 Acharya RN Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Nelsonia canescens(Lam) Spreng. 36

P-009 Patel . R Neuropharmacological Studies on Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Aerial Parts and Root of

Urania picta 37

P-010 Sharma K. Development of Quality Control Parameters for

Balcaturbhadrika Churna 37

P-011 Patel C. In Vitro Screening of Thymoquinone in Anticancer Activity 37

P-012 Tiwari R. Evaluation of Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea 38

P-013 Patel N. Anticonvulsant Activity of Embelin Isolated from Embelia ribes 38

P-014 Patel N. Screening of Rottlerin for In Vitro Antifungal Activity 39

P-015 Arya J.K. Anti-Cancer effect of Vitex negundo Leaf Extract against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line 39

P-016 Gupta S. Formulation and Development of Herbal Gel Containing Resinous Drugs for Arthritis 40



P-017 Bhatt M. K. Pharmacognostical and phytochemicals profiling of Ipomea reniformis Chois 40

P-018 Bhatt C. Formulation, Characterization and Comparative Study of Herbal Face Wash Gel for Oily Skin 40

P-019 Shah S. Design and Development of Transdermal Patches

of Boswellic Acid for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

41

P-020 Modi A. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of Luffa echinata 41

P-021 Tangri P. Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Indomethacin Loaded Bio-Microdwarfs 42

P-022 Thakar B. In-Silico Study on the Inhibition of Cholesterol

Biosynthesis Pathway by Chemical Entities from Natural Resources

42

P-023 Chandra S. Antimicrobial Activity Nutritional Profile and

Quantitative Study of Different Fractions of Ficus palmata

43

P-024 Shah P.D. Antidiabetic Effect of Formulation of Spray Dried Fruit Juice of Emblica officinalis on Streptozotocin

induced Diabetic Rats 43

P-025 Nakka S.P. Standardization of Formulation of Spray-Dried Powder of Fruit Juice of Emblica officinalis Gaertn 44

P-026 Patel V.D. Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacognostic Standardization of Polyherbal Formulation for

Diabetes 44

P-027 Parmar J. Formulation and Characterization of Antiarthritic Herbal Ointment 45

P-028 Sarvaiya C. Isolation of Antioxidant Phenolics from Methanolic Extract of Roots of Hemidesmus indicus 45

P-029 Rathi S. Investigation on the Gastroprotective Properties of Aqueous Extract of Mimosa pudica Leaves 45

P-030 Patel I. C. Preliminary Screening of Secondary Metabolites in

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem from Different Plant Parts and their Developed Callus

46

P-031 Mishra J. Standardization and Characterization of

Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata Nees Leaves

46

P-032 Singh V. Antidiabetic Effect of Flacourtia indica Merr. in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats 47



P-033 Korat N. Anti-Asthmatic Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Flacourtia indica Merr 47

P-034 Vaidya J. Development and Evaluation of Total Oral Care Products: Mouth Dissolving Film and Mouthwash 48

P-035 Khan Y. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Potential of Piper betel and its Fractions 48

P-036 Shelat D. Development of HPTLC Method for Estimation of Asiatic Acid in Different Formulations Containing

Shorea robusta 48

P-037 Patel D. Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Lagenaria

siceraria (Molina) leaves with special reference to their anti-asthamatic potential.

49

P-038 Patil S. Standardization and Extraction of Herbs for Preparation of Anti-Inflammatory Gel 49

P-039 Porwal U. 5-HT receptor as a target for diabetes with special reference to herbal drugs 50

P-040 Shah P. Regulatory Aspects of Herbal Drugs Globally 50

P-041 Sharma S. Synergy of Artemisinin and Curcumin with Piperine 50

P-042 Patel D. A Review on Safety Issue of Herbal Drugs 51

P-043 Chechani S. A Review on Quantitative Estimation of Piperine in

Ayurvedic Formulations using Analytical Techniques: HPTLC and UV Spectrophotometry

51

P-044 Ghumre R. A Comprehensive Review on Withania somnifera Dunal 52

P-045 Shrivastav S. Ferulic Acid, A Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivative: An Emerging Therapeutic Option 52

P-046 Damle D. Turning Glycosuria into Therapy: Herbal Sodium

Glucose Co Transporter 2 (Sglt2) Inhibitors for Diabetes Mellitus

52

P-047 Patel R.A. Molecular Mechanisms for Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Natural Dietary Compounds 53

P-048 Nihar R. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Role of Potential Natural Plants of Indigenous Origin 53

P-049 Pathak C.D. Importance of Natural Product Library for Potential Lead Generation 54

P-050 Nayak A. Potential Role of Flax Seed Oil in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Complications 54

P-051 Khan S. An Overview of Herbal Drug Regulation Worldwide 55 P-052 Sharma T. Phytosomes- An Emerging Technology 55



P-053 Shah J. Bioautography Detection by Different TLC

Techniques for Various Anti Fungal Agents Present in Medicinal and Food Plants

56

P-054 Jain R A Review on Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Transdermal Patches Containing Various

Combinations of Boswellic Acid 56

P-055 Jaiswal R. Herbal Medicine in Pharmacovigilance System- An Update 56

P-056 Desai M. Marker profiling - an effective standardization tool for Natural Products: A Review 57

P-057 Maheshwari V.

Reverse Pharmacognosy: A Concept for Enhancing Natural Drug Discovery 57

P-058 Patel B. DNA Microarray in Herbal Drug Research 58

P-059 Khairnar A.K. Ethnopharmacology - A Gateway for Drug Discovery in 21st Century 58

P-060 Patel N. Super Critical Fluid: Application for Extraction of Essential Oils 59

P-061 Manna K. Clinical Studies of Natural Products (Single Herb) 59

P-062 Baksariya A.I. Re-emerging History: Drug Discovery from Herbal Origin 59

P-063 Panchal S.R. Applications of Combi-Flash Chromatography 60

P-064 Gupta S. Boon of Ethnomedicinal Herbs - Dillenia indica and Dillenia pentagyna 60

P-065 Shorathiya J. Development of Quality Control Parameter for Mridwikadi Leha (Classical Formulation) 61

P-066 Bhatt H. Anticancer Diet and Cancer Fighting Foods 61

P-067 Patel K. Plant Derived Endophytic Fungi: Application in Medicine 62

P-068 Patel K. On-Line HPLC-DPPH Screening Method for Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of

Phenols Extracted from Natural Products 62


P-001

Standardization of Stimulact Granules – A Study on Nutritional Approach with Antioxidant Property

Author: Gupta H.D., Shukla V.J. Affiliation: Ayurlab herbals Pvt. Ltd., 310 kale chambers, Raopura, Baroda

Email: [email protected] Introduction: Galactogogues are medications believed to assist initiation, maintenance, or augmentation of maternal milk production. Breast milk secretion is a physiologic process involving physical and emotional factors and the action of multiple hormones. Here STIMULACT GRANULES – a Patent and proprietary Medicine of Ayurlab herbals Pvt. Ltd. is taken for study. Standardization of Stimulact Granules is studied. As the nutritional value is also most important factor in Breastfeeding Phase, the same is studied here. Also the In vitro antioxidant property of the formulation is studied. Methods: 1. Physicochemical profile of the product for Standardization as per A.P.I., Microbial load as per WHO guidelines, Heavy Metal load as per WHO guidelines, U.V. Visible spectrum of each extract & formulation, Solvent system designing for Stimulact. 2. Nutritional Value: Qualitative & quantitative estimation of: Carbohydrates, Proteins (Amino acids), Lipids, Vitamins & minerals. 3. Antioxidant Property by: Total Phenols determination, Total flavanoids determination, Determination of reducing power. Results: The formulation is standardized. Stimulact microbial and heavy metal load was within the permissible limits as per WHO Guidelines. A special solvent system was designed for HPTLC of Stimulact granules. STIMULACT is rich in Proteins 231.5mg/gm, Lipids 0.3%, Vitamin C 1.69mg/gm, Iron 46.36mg/gm etc. Formulation showed presence of Amino acids like Argenine, Glutamic acid, Histidine, & Lysine. Formulation showed presence of Sugars like Galactose, Dextrose, D‐Mannose & D‐Xylose. The formulation showed potent Antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Thus, STIMULACT is a complete product having all the required properties which is beneficial to both mother and child.

P-002

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of a Nutraceutical Formulation Comprising Psidium guajava fruit, Juglans regia L .Fruit and Whey.

Authors: Aroskar S., Patil S.

Affiliation: Prin. K.M.Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai. E mail: [email protected]

Immunomodulation is the process of altering immunity of an organism by interfering with its functions endogenously or exogenously. The compounds capable of stimulating or suppressing immunological defense system are referred as immunomodulators. Many functional foods possess the ability to alter the immune response by increasing or decreasing body’s defense mechanism. Guava (Psidium guajava) fruit(pink‐colored variety) has been recommended as a natural fruit for diabetics, it has high vitamin C content, lycopene in it prevents skin damage from UV rays and offer protection from prostate cancer, it is a rich source of pectin a soluble dietary fibre which makes it a good laxative. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit contain significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically alpha‐linolenic acid, an essential plant based omega‐3 fatty acid, antioxidant ellagic acid, L‐arginine , manganese and copper. They help reduce the risk of cancer and delay or reduce the severity of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Whey is composed mainly of β‐lactoglobulin(66%), α‐lactoalbumin(13%), lactoferrin and sphingolipids. Whey is a high quality protein supplement rich in amino acids, specifically cysteine which enhances endogenous glutathione production and thus plays an important role as an antioxidant to help increase body immune system. Considering the possible significance of guava, walnut and whey in immune related functions present research work was initiated with a view of evaluating immunomodulatory activity of guava, walnut and whey formulation with different experimental animal models at different dose levels. Methanolic extract of Guava (peel & pulp) and Walnut fruit and Whey were standardized with lycopene, catechin and β‐lactoglobulin respectively by TLC and spectroscopy methods. The results revealed that Psidium guajava, Juglan sregia L., Whey possess potent immune potential due to presence of polyphenols in guava and walnut and glutathione in whey. The main motivation behind this work was to utilize the functional and dietary benefits of Guava, Walnut and Whey in making nutritional and good quality beverage.

34Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

mailto:[email protected]


P-003 Analysis of Wedelolactone in Eclipta alba and its Formulation by HPTLC

Authors: Thapliyal S.1, Mahadevan N.2, Nanjan M.J.3

Affiliations: 1. Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, (India) 2. Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana, (India)

3. TIFAC, JSS college of pharmacy, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, (India) Email: [email protected]

A HPTLC method to determine wedelolactone in Eclipta alba and its formulation was developed. The chromatographic separation was performed on silica gel GF254 pre‐coated HPTLC plates. Ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water‐glacial acetic acid (9:0.5:0.5:0.2) was used as mobile phase. Rf value of wedelolactone was 0.72. Calibration plots of peaks area against concentration were linear in the range of 1µg to 5µg. The limit of quantification was 0.9µg and limit of detection was 0.30 µg.. The amount of wedelolactone content in Eclipta alba powder and its formulation was found to contain 0.173 % and 0.131 % respectively. The developed HPTLC method can be used as a routine method for the estimation of wedelolactone in raw material and its marketed formulations.

P-004Evaluation of Mucoprotective Activity of Shark Squalene Using Chemical and

Stress Induced Mucosal Damage in Rats

Authors: Auti S. A., Kulkarni A.R., Kulkarni V. Affiliation: Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Pharmacology, Shivam Pharmaceutical

studies and research centre, Valasan, Anand, Gujarat Email: [email protected]

Ulcer is a break in the continuity of epithelial layer or mucus membrane due to various causes. Many herbal plants had proved that, they protect gastric ulcer, by virtue of their antioxidant, and healing properties. In previous reports it was suggested that Shark Squalene improves tissue damage in various organs by its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. However no studies have been reported about the effect of Shark Squalene on gastric ulcer. Therefore the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Shark Squalene. On experimentally induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. In the present study we examined the effect of Shark Squalene. Treatment on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. Anti‐ulcer activity was studied using aspirin induced gastric ulcer, ethanol induced gastric ulcer and swimming Stress induced gastric ulcer models. The various parameters taken to assess anti‐ulcer activity were volume of gastric secretion, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer index, pH and mucus content, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidase and ALP. Administrations of Shark Squalene showed significant results(p<0.001) in all three models with decrease in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer index and increase in pH and mucus content. Pre‐treatment with Shark Squalene showed significant ulcer protection against all three different ulcer induced model as compared to control. In ethanol induced ulcer model Shark Squalene showed promising cytoprotective properties due to decrease in MDA level, and ALP, and increase in reduced glutathione. The cytoprotective activity was supported by histopathological studies. Thus, the ulcer protective and healing effects of Shark Squalene may be due to its effect on both offensive and defensive factors. The present reports suggest that Shark Squalene prevents experimentally induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats and this protective effect may be due to their antioxidant, antisecretory, antiulcer and antimicrobial actions.

Microwave Assisted isolation of Mucilage from the Fruits of Lagenaria siceraria

P-005

Authors: Vyas A.D., Shah B.N., Modi D.C.

Affiliation: Vidyabharti Trust College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India. Email: [email protected]

A microwave assisted extraction technique was developed to optimize the extraction of mucilage from the fruits of Lagenaria siceraria plant. The plant has been extracted by conventional and microwave assisted methods for the isolation of mucilage. Microwave extraction at 320 W intensity and 20 min heating





duration, 96.15% increase in the yield of mucilage while 93.95% and 91.20% increase in the yield at 160 W for 60 min and 480 W for 10 min respectively were obtained under microwave irradiation when compared to 1 h conventional heating method. The products obtained by both the methods were of similar nature chemically. The developed microwave procedure can be used successfully in commercial and routine laboratory isolation of mucilage. P-006

Microwave assisted Isolation of Mucilage from the Fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus

Authors: Ravalji N.H., Shah B.N., Modi D.C.

Affiliation: Vidyabharti Trust College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected]

A microwave assisted extraction technique was developed to optimize the extraction of mucilage from the fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus plant. The plant has been extracted by conventional and microwave assisted methods for the isolation of mucilage. Microwave extraction at 160 W intensity and 40 min heating duration increase 11.55% in the yield of mucilage when compared to 1 h conventional heating method. The products obtained by both the methods were of similar nature chemically. The developed microwave procedure can be used successfully in commercial and routine laboratory isolation of mucilage.


Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Transdermal Patch for its Anti‐Inflammatory Potential

P-007

Authors: Soni S.G., Shah B.N., Modi D.C.

Affiliation: Vidyabharti Trust College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India Email: [email protected]

The present investigation was aimed to formulate transdermal films incorporating herbal drug components. The allopathic system of medicine includes two conventional lines of treatment for inflammatory diseases, which come along with certain side effects. Hence, turning to safe, effective and time‐tested Ayurvedic herbal drug formulation would be a preferable option. With this view transdermal films incorporating herbal drug components such as aqueous extract of fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus, Lagenaria siceraria and Trichosanthes dioica were envisaged. The polymeric films were evaluated for their physical properties like thickness, weight uniformity, moisture content, folding endurance, tensile strength and diffusion studies. The skin irritation study done on rat skin showed that the formulation does not produce irritation to the skin. The formulation is screened for its anti‐inflammatory potential and it is found to significantly reduce the paw edema by 60% when compared with the standard drug Diclofenac i.e. 70%. Overall, it was observed that the well‐known ayurvedic drugs have been found to be effective through modern pharmaceutical formulation techniques.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Nelsonia canescens.(Lam) Spreng. P-008

Authors: Acharya RN, Chauhan MG, Harisha CR, Padiya RH, Patel ED

Affiliation: Institute for Postgraduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat

Nelsonia canescens (Acanthaceae), commonly used in name of ‘Rasna (BodoRasna)’ in Orissa, its root of the plant being recommended in cases of pain and inflammation. Ethnic people use this plant very commonly. Review of the literature did not reveal much work on this plant, but ethnomedically root is said to be good anti inflammatory properties. Hence it was thought worth to study the root of this plant. Method: The present investigation deals with macroscopic, microscopic study of the Nelsonia canescens root including its powder characteristics. Results: Chief microscopical characters include parenchymatous cortical zone, inner wall of the cell get detached and embedded in different form in cell cavities, medullary rays arising from the primary bundles, uni to tri‐seriate and getting wider towards periphery. Conclusion: Such a study would serve as a useful gauge in standardization of the root material and ensuring quality of the formulations.



P-009 Neuropharmacological Studies on Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of

Aerial Parts and Root of Urania picta

Authors: Patel R., Mishra S.H. Affiliation: Herbal Drug Technology, Pharmacy Department, M.S. University, Vadodara

The objective of the study was to investigate the neuropharmacological studies of aqueous and methanolic extracts of aerial parts and root of Uraria picta Jacq. (Family: Fabaceae). The extracts were administered orally in female mice and tested on spontaneous locomotor activity, behavior despair swim test and barbiturate induced hypnosis models. The results revealed that methanolic extract of aerial parts (MA) significantly reduced the locomotor activity, increased immobility swimming time and prolonged thiopental sodium sleeping time compared to other extracts. HPTLC studies on MA showed steroids and flavonoids as major secondary metabolites and presence of marker compounds lupeol, β‐sitosterol, betulinic acid and β‐carotene, which may be responsible for its psychodepressent and hypnotic activity.

P-010Development of Quality Control Parameters for Balcaturbhadrika Churna

Authors: Sharma K., Shukla K., Mahajan S.C.

Affiliation: Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India Email:– [email protected]

The increasing demands for traditionally used herbal products worldwide have prompted to offer new ways of assessing quality, efficacy and safety. Churna are powdered preparations of drugs used for oral administration. They may be of two types, simple churna and compound churna. Balcaturbhadrika churna is a well known Ayurvedic formulation described in Ayurvedic Formulary of India. It is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option in the management of diarrhoea and emesis. This contains equal quantity of Piper longum (Pippali), Pistacia intergerrima (Shrngi) and Aconitum heterophyllum (Atis) and Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha), its prescribed dose is of 0.5‐1g. A comparative study was performed between laboratory and marketed churnas. Laboratory churna was prepared as per the method given in Ayurvedic formulary of India and the marketed churna was purchased from the local market and was standardized according to guidelines of World Health Organization for macroscopic characters, moisture content, extractive value, ash value, phytochemical screening, micromeritic parameter, TLC, foreign matter and pH. Tannic acid estimation was performed by UV spectroscopy. The results of studies performed on the churnas were found to be precise, reproducible and can be considered for routine quality control of the churna.


P-011In Vitro Screening of Thymoquinone in Anticancer Activity

Authors: Patel C., Suthar M.

Affiliation: S. K. Patel College of Pharma. Edu.& Res., Ganpat University, Mehsana Email:‐[email protected]

Nigella sativa is an herb from a ranunculaceae family which is used for the variety of therapeutic purpose like anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasites and anti‐inflammatory. The mechanism of action of Nigella sativa is inhibition of DNA synthesis by inhibition of HDAC enzyme interacting with the chromosome. The present investigation involves screening of Nigella sativa seeds plant extracts against the biological target such as two cancer cell line i.e., HL‐60(human myeloid leukemia cell line) and U‐937( human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line) and one normal cell line which were HEK‐293T for cytotoxic activity. Extraction and isolation of Nigella sativa seeds were carried out using cold percolation method and these extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity activity by cell based MTT assay and for antifungal activity by




standard broth dilution (NCCLS) method. After evaluating plant extracts, isolation of Thymoquinone from plant extracts were carried out by thin layer chromatographic analysis method and Thymoquinone was evaluated for cytotoxicity activity. Methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds is found to be effective against two cancer cell line HL‐60 and U‐937with IC50 15.69 +/‐g/ml and 12.27 +/‐g/ml. methanolic extract was found to be more potent than cyclophosphamide in case of HL‐60 cell line but less effective in case of U‐937 cell line.

P-012 Evaluation of Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea

Authors: Tiwari R.1, Bhadada S.1, Goyal R.K.2

Affiliation: 1. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University 2. ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab

Email:‐ [email protected] Pharmacological intervention of hyperglycemia‐induced diabetic complications would be of great clinical significance since it is very difficult to maintain normoglycemia by any means in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several factors and pathways are involved in diabetic complications. One of the major contributory factors is aldose reductase. Aldose reductase is an enzyme present in several human tissues that reduces glucose to sorbitol. Sorbitol accumulation in lens causes osmotic swelling and protein insolubilization leading to cataractogenesis. Similar sequence of events also accounts for hyperglycemic injury in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Moreover, oxidative stress is also implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Tephrosia purpurea (Family ‐ Fabaceae) is reported to be beneficial in diabetes. The plant has been reported to have rich flavonoidal content. The methanolic extract and the flavonoidal fraction of the plant was prepared and assayed for the anti‐oxidant potential by DPPH assay. The IC50 of methanolic extract in DPPH assay was found to be 316.11µg/ml and flavonoids fraction was 51.50µg/ml. The aldose reductase inhibitory activity for both the extracts was performed in‐vitro. The IC50 of flavonoidal fraction was found to be 48.34 µg/ml. Since the plant is showing significant aldose reductase inhibitory activity, it may be beneficial in delaying the diabetic complications.


P-013 Anticonvulsant Activity of Embelin Isolated from Embelia ribes

Authors: Patel N., Arya J., Patel K.

Affiliation: S. K. Patel College of Pharma Edu. & Res., Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana Email:‐[email protected]

Embelin, a benzoquinone‐derivative isolated from the Embelia ribes plant, is one such compound shown to exhibit chemopreventive, anti‐inflammatory, and apoptotic activities through an unknown mechanism. Ethanol extract of the leaves of Embelia ribes Burm. (Myrsinaceae) containing embelin shows activity for wound healing activity by excision, incision and dead space wound models on Swiss Albino Rats. Emelin also shows potential hypoglycemic effect along with recovery of liver, kidney and pancreas functions against alloxan induced diabetis in rats and has been reported to exhibit therapeutic activity in cancer. Embelin also shows a significant inhibition of the seizures induced by electroshock and pentylenetetrazole in a dose dependent manner. For the present investigation, anticonvulsant activity of embelin was examined in swiss albino rats by MES induced seizure model and PTZ induced seizure model. The duration of HLTE for the control group was 11.80±0.37 s after an electroshock in MES model. Administration of embelin (2.5 and 5mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the duration of HLTE to 5.40±0.24 and 1.50±0.12 s, respectively compared to the control.




P-014

Screening of Rottlerin for In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Authors: Patel N., Suthar M. Affiliation: S. K. Patel College of Pharma Edu& Res., Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana.

Email:‐[email protected] Rottlerin is a natural product isolated from Mallotus philippinensis. This polyphenolic compound originally described as a selective inhibitor of PKCδ, can inhibit many other PKC‐unrelated kinases and has a number of biological actions, including mitochondrial uncoupling effects. Protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis in response to diverse anticancer agents. The protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway negatively regulates receptor‐initiated cell death. In HeLa cells, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐ α)‐mediated cell death involved mitochondria and was blocked by the over expression of Bcl‐2. Rottlerin enhances TNF‐induced cell death by cytochrome‐C independent pathway. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) is activated in the majority of gliomas and contributes to tumor cell growth and survival. Rottlerin is also examined for the inhibition of malignant gliomas. It has been seen that rattler in has reduces proliferation in all cell lines when used as single agent and in combination with sorafenib, a tyrosinekinase inhibitor, it produces marked potentiation in growth inhibition. Rottlerin inhibits stimulated enzymatic secretion and several intracellular signaling transduction pathways in pancreatic acinar cells by a non‐PKC‐δ‐dependent mechanism. For the present investigation, the antifungal activity of rattler in was examined using its plant extracts (methanol extract, petroleum ether extract, methanol soluble fraction of residue of kamala powder etc.) on various fungal strains like aspargillus fumigatus, aspargillus flavus, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, issatchenkia orientalis etc. The activity is checked by NCCLS (The National Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standards) and EUCAST (European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanolic extract was found to be 412.5‐825 mg/L by NCCLS method. Same way, by EUCAST method, the MIC obtained is 825‐1650 mg/ml for methanolic extract.


P-015

Anti‐Cancer effect of Vitex negundo Leaf Extract against MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Authors: Arya J.K. , Patel K., Patel N., Patel K.

Affiliation: S. K. Patel College of Pharma Edu & Res., Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana Email:‐[email protected]

The undertaken study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Vitex negundo against the panel of three different cancer cell lines, which were Hela (human cervical cancer), A549 (Human lung carcinoma), MCF‐7 (human breast cancer) and one normal cell line, which was Vero in the 96 well microplates. For primary screening, ethanolic leaf extract was screened at 100μM concentration against specified cell lines with the use of MTT & SRB based cytotoxicity assays. Cells were seeded at a concentration of 5×104 cells/well in100μl culture medium and various amounts of test samples were added into 96 well microplates. Cultures were incubated for 24h at 37oC and 5% CO2. 20μl MTT mixture was added and a incubated for 18h at 37oC and 5% CO2. Absorbance of the samples was measured at 550 nm. While in the SRB assay the drug incubation period was 72 hr. After 72 hr 100 μl SRB dye was added and absorbance was measured at 490‐540nm. Preliminary study in the case of MTT assay shows the activity of the compound that inhibit the 50% cell growth means IC50 value in conc. of nM (nano molar) against different cell line was 2237.82 nM for A549, 684.87 nM for HeLa, 2172.24 nM for MCF‐7 and >10 μM for Vero. While SRB assay shows the activity of the compound in conc. of nM (nano molar) against different cell line was 1265.89 nM for A549, 945.58 nM for HeLa, 2171.25 nM for MCF‐7 and >10 μM for Vero.




P-016

Formulation and Development of Herbal Gel Containing Resinous Drugs for Arthritis

Authors: Gupta S., Modi N., Acharya N., Acharya S., Kumar V. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

Email:‐[email protected] The aim of our study was to design herbal gel containing resinous drugs, to check the potential of the formulation for anti‐inflammatory and antiarthritic activities and to estimate 6‐Gingerol in the gel. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, affecting a joint causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Many plants have been used for centuries as a popular mode of treatment for several health disorders. The 5% gel was formulated using hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinalis, methanolic extract of Boswellia serrata and methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos in the ratio of 1:1:1. The gel was optimized using different concentrations of polymer carbopol 934. The prepared gel was evaluated for viscosity, smoothness and spreadability and gel extrusion by texture analyzer. Anti‐inflammatory and antiarthritic potential of formulation (0.2 g containing 5% of extracts) and gel prepared from individual drugs, was checked using carrageenan induced paw edema and adjuvant induced arthritis in rats and compared with piroxicam gel BP 0.5% as standard. 6‐Gingerol estimation in gel was done with HPTLC using mobile system: hexane: ether (4:6) and the plate was scanned at 254nm. Gel extrusion test showed that 1 % gel had required more adhesive force so polymer 1% concentration was found good for the formulation of the gel. The inhibition of the paw volume of formulation was found to be 74.7% in carrageenan induced edema, while 67.7 % in adjuvant induced arthritis and found comparable with standard. The percentage of 6‐gingerol in the gel was found to 0.005% w/w.


P-017

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Profiling of Ipomoea reniformis Chois

Authors: Bhatt M. K1., Saluja A. K2., Dholwani K. K.2 Affiliation: 1. Shivam Pharmaceutical studies and Research centre, Valasan, Anand 2. Department of Pharmacognosy, A. R. College of Pharmacy, V.V. Nagar, Anand

The objective of the current study was to develop distinct phytochemical and microscopy protocols and standards that can be used in quality control of the crude drug of Ipomoea reniformis chois (Convolvulaceae). The chromatographic analysis of methanolic extracts of the whole herb, Ipomoea reniformis gave typical fingerprints, where Scopoletin, a standard reference marker, resolved at Rf 0.47 under thin layer chromatography (TLC) condition. Two blue fluorescent bands at Rf 0.47 and 0.60 under TLC condition were characteristic of the raw drug. Scopoletin was quantified to be 0.37% w/w using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The powder microscopic features of authentic whole herb of Ipomoea reniformis were characterized by the presence of Cluster CA (calcium oxalate crystal), stone cell, trichomes, stomatas and pitted xylem (XY) vessel. The present study was also planned to study the morphology, microscopy, physicochemical parameters and phytochemical screening of herb of Ipomoea reniformis.

P-018

Formulation, Characterization and Comparative Study of Herbal Face Wash Gel for Oily Skin

Authors: Bhatt C., Patel P., Barot B., Parejiya P., Shelat P. Affiliation: K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar

Email: [email protected]

The concept of beauty and beautification are as old as human civilization. The present study was aimed towards development and evaluation of face wash gel for oily skin comprising natural materials (i.e. cucumber juice and lemon juice). Since ancient times, the juice of the cucumber has been used as a facial




cleanser and as a treatment for skin irritations. Lemon juice is beneficial for the skin. It cleans the oily skin very effectively in normal as well as in acne condition. Lemon juice is astringent as well as toner for the skin so it is used for the facial cleanser preparation. Carbopol 971 was used as a gel forming polymer and at 1.5% it revealed gel bearing satisfactory consistency. To achieve cleansing action on oily skin various foaming agents including surfactants (Sodium lauryl sulphate and Sodium laureth sulphate), cocoamidopropyl betaine and cocodiethanolamide were tried either alone or in combination. The formulations were evaluated for their consistency, cleansing action, foaming capacity, effect on skin etc. Sodium lauryl sulphate and coco diethanolamide were excluded from the optimized formulation due to irritation and haziness effect respectively. The efficiency for removing oil was measured by colorimetric method and filter paper test. A chromameter was employed to check the cleansing effect on human volunteers. Aforementioned methods testified superior cleansing action from formulation as compared to market formulation (Everyouth®). The microbial limit test revealed no signs of microbial growth, which proved that the optimized formulation is under microbial limit test. The optimized formulation was submitted to short term stability study for two months. The result from stability study showed insignificant difference in foaming index, pH, appearance, consistency and cleansing action in formulation before and after stability period.


P-019

Design and Development of Transdermal Patches of Boswellic Acid for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Authors: Shah S., Raval D., Tripathi N., Acharya N., Acharya S., Kumar V. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

E‐mail: [email protected] Rheumatic diseases have affected mankind since ages and are one of the commonest inflammatory conditions. Rheumatic arthritis form a major prototype of rheumatic diseases and it is a common cause of disability. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) can deliver certain medication to systemic circulation in a more convenient and effective way than conventional dosage form. The TDDS can minimize first‐pass metabolism associated with gastro‐intestinal administration of drugs and it maintain constant drug level in blood. In present study, boswellic acid was isolated from oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata, identified by CO‐TLC with standard boswellic acid and the structure was further confirmed by FTIR analysis. Initial optimization and evaluations were conducted for the transdermal films and formulation of transdermal films were done by polymer hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 15cps, plasticizer polyethelene glycol 400 (PEG400) and solvent methanol. Four batches were prepared using different concentrations of boswellic acid. Formulation containing 5.5%of boswellic acid was found to be transparent in nature and it was found to be best amongst all. For estimation of the total boswellic acids from the formulations, calibration curve of total boswellic acids was taken in chloroform using Liebermann‐Burchard reagent and linearity was observed between 10µg/ml to 500µg/ml with R2 value of 0.998.For in‐vitro release studies, the diffusion of boswellic acids from the formulations through the membrane was also studied using Franz diffusion cells. For ex‐vivo studies, rat skin and human cadaver skin were used for diffusion studies. In in‐vitro release studies, after 10 hrs %drug release was found to be 77.83% which was satisfactory. For ex‐vivo studies, the % drug release after 10 hrs was found to be 48.36% and 75.97 % in rat skin and human cadaver skin respectively. The experiment concludes that transdermal film formulations of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents like boswellic acids could be useful to cure arthritis and inflammation effectively in human.

P-020

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of Luffa echinata

Authors: Modi A.1, Kumar V.2 Affiliation: 1. ADINA Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar

2. Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Present study was performed to determine relative antioxidant activity of flavonoid and phenolic contents of Luffa echinata Roxb fruit and Nyctanthus arbor‐tristis leaves, methanol: water (80:20) extracts. Phenolic



and flavonoid content were determined by using gallic acid and quercetin as standard, antioxidant properties were evaluated by the methods, namely the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC), Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. Total phenolic content were found 76.34±0.44 and 45.53±0.65 mg/g, while flavonoid contents were found 65.98±0.83 and 34.92±0.76 mg/g in Luffa echinata Roxb and Nyctanthus arbor‐tristis respectively. In the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, TEAC value were found 0.34mmole/g and 0.28 mmole/g, while in Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, ORAC value was found 253.7 µmoles TE / g and 221.6 µmoles TE #/ g, where as DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay showed IC50 value 188±0.87 and 176±0.68for Luffa echinata Roxb and Nyctanthus arbor‐tristis extracts. The present studies suggest that both the plants have moderate to potent antioxidant activity.

P-021

Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Indomethacin Loaded Bio‐Microdwarfs

Authors: Tangri P., Satheesh N.V., Khurana S. Affiliation: Dehradun Institute of Technology, Bhagwantpura, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Email:[email protected]

The aim of our research work was to isolate a novel bio‐material from fruit pulp of Artocarpus heterophyllus and to evaluate its mucoretardability by formulating biomicrodwarfs using indomethacin as a model drug. The bio‐material was isolated from fruit pulp of Artocarpus heterophyllus by our earlier published method. It was subjected for various physicochemical parameters like colour, colour changing point, chemical tests, spectral study and mucoretentivity studies by using M.S. apparatus, Park and Robinson method, rotating cylinder method and shear stress method, which was compared to standard polymers like sodium CMC and HPMC. Six ketoprofen loaded bio‐microdwarfs (FA1‐FA3) were prepared using various ratios(1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1) of bio‐material by solvent evaporation method. The formulated bio‐dwarfs were subjected for various evaluation parameters like particle size, shape, content uniformity, ex‐vivo mucoadhesivity, in‐vitro release studies. Our experimental research showed that the isolated bio‐material possesses good mucoadhesivity. The formulated bio‐microdwarfs showed uniform particle Size, shape with promising mucoadhesivity. The bio‐microdwarfs showed a particle size in the range 147‐178µm and a content uniformity of 64‐73%. The formulation FA3(1:1) was found to be the best formulation as it showed extended release upto 8 hours, having t80% of more than 400mins and with a content uniformity of 73.8%. A smart conclusion was drawn that the isolated bio‐polymeric material can serve as a good retarding agent for the formulation of various drug loaded of mucoadhesive bio‐microdwarfs.


P-022

In‐Silico Study on the Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway by Chemical Entities from Natural Resources

Authors: Thakkar B.1*, Shah K.2, Desai U.

2, Patel S.3, Suresh D.K.1, Rathi S.1 Affiliation: 1. Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, Karnataka

2. The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmadabad, Gujarat 3. Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Biotech & Allied Science, V.V. Nagar

Email:‐ [email protected] Introduction: Daily food intake in Indian as well as in western diet contains more amounts of lipid then the usual requirements. Intake of high lipid containing food or lazy lifestyle may leads to the increase in the cholesterol level in the body. The high cholesterol level may lead to the development of atherosclerosis. According to American Heart Association: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2010, 81 million American suffer from the any one kind of the cardiac disease. Most of the medication available now a day to treat the Atherosclerosis has a many side effect. So there is a need to find out new chemical entity from natural sources which can prevent the atherosclerosis. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is the major biochemical pathway which can be targeted to bring back the cholesterol to the normal level. Hence the present study has been planned to find out the new chemical compound from natural resources with better




inhibition efficacy than the currently available inhibitor for the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes. Objective: The present study was done with following objective: To find out putative binding site of the enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis, to find out natural compounds having highest binding efficacy against the identified binding site for the inhibition of this enzymes. Method: The major enzymes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis are HMG CO A, isopentyl diphosphate, mevalonate kinase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. The Enzyme structures and the natural compound structures were downloaded from the online available databases. Then the amino acid binding sites were predicted based on the literature survey of the previously done work. And to find out the natural compounds having great binding efficacy the docking was performed by the Bio Suite Version 3.0 (TATA Consultancy Service Limited). Result: The docking result indicates that there are some of the natural compounds which show more inhibition potentiality of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes than the existing available inhibitors. The top 5 compound with better binding efficacy are as: 1. HMG CO A REDUCTASE: Neohesperidin, Zeaxanthin, Gossypol, Capsaicin, Chlorogenic acid, 2. ISOPENTYL DIPHOSPHATE : Gingerol, Combretastatin, Embelin, Cicutoxin, Carnitine, 3. MEVALONATE DIPHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE: Zeaxanthin, Cyanarin, Curcumin, Cicutoxin, Hesperidin, 4. MEVALONATE KINASE: Curcumin, Hesperidin, Cynarin, Psoralidin, Embelin. Conclusion: The identified compound from natural resources has shown good inhibition potentiality towards the cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes, further in vitro study and in vivo validation might be helpful to develop a new chemical entity with lesser toxicity.


P-023

Antimicrobial Activity, Nutritional Profile and Quantitative Study of Different Fractions of Ficus palmata

Authors: Chandr a S ., Saklani S.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science H. N. B. G. U. (Central University) Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarkhand, India

The various fractions of bark, fruit and leaf of Ficus palmata The antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol and water extracts of medicinal plant Ficus palmata were tested against ten bacterial strains using Muller Hinton agar and three fungal strains using Sabouraud dextrose agar by disc diffusion method. The ethanolic bark extracts of Ficus palmata showed significant activity (18 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The medicinal plant fruit contain Ash value, (total ash) 4.06%, moisture 48.20%; crude fat 4.71%and crude fiber17.65%, Extractive values were studied fresh part weight. The Preliminary phytochemical analysis test showed the presence of carbohydrates and glycosides, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, unsaturated triterpenoids and sterol, resin.

P-024

Antidiabetic Effect of Formulation of Spray Dried Fruit Juice of Emblica officinalis on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Authors: Shah P.D.1, Shah R.S3., Goyal R.K.2, Patel S.S.1

Affiliation: 1. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University 2. Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Gujarat University

3. Rajsha Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 380 061, India Email:‐[email protected]

The present investigation was carried out to study the antidiabetic effect of formulation prepared by spray‐dried powder of fruit juice of E. officinalis on streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced by single intravenous injection STZ 45 mg/kg i.v. and formulation was administered orally (100 mg/kg ) for 28 days to diabetic rats. Treatment with formulation prevented cardinal symptoms produced by diabetic state such as loss of body weight, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, Treatment with formulation caused significant decrease in fasting serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein in diabetic rats. However, insulin, AUCinsulin and serum high density lipoprotein level were



not significantly altered by treatment. Treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant parameters in the liver homogenates of diabetic rats. In conclusion, formulation of E. officinalis significantly improved deranged carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of chemically induced diabetes in rats. The mechanism of its antidiabetic activity appears to be either improvement in peripheral glucose utilization, increased insulin sensitivity or antioxidant property.

P-025

Standardization of Formulation of Spray‐Dried Powder of Fruit Juice of Emblica officinalis Gaertn

Authors: Nakka S.P..1, Shah R.S3.,Goyal R.K.2, Patel S.S.1 Affiliation: 1. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University,

2. Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Gujarat University 3. Rajsha Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 380 061, India.

Email:‐[email protected] The fruits of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) have been reported to contain constituents with variable biological activity. The present investigation was carried out to standardize the formulation prepared by spray‐dried powder of fruit juice of E. officinalis by determination of physicochemical parameters, presence or absence of heavy metals, screening for phytochemicals and development of HPTLC fingerprint for presence of gallic acid and quercetin. The percentage of moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water‐soluble ash, and alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, chloroform soluble extractive of formulation were 3.2±0.25, 6.7±0.17, 3.1±0.10, 5.1±0.22, 25.21±0.16,35.21±0.21 and 5.1±0.22, respectively. The concentrations of all the tested heavy metals were below the WHO acceptable limits. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, anthraquinone glycoside, mucilage and gums, proteins and amino acids in very small amount and tannins, flavonoids were found to be present in maximum amount and HPTLC fingerprint clearly demonstrated the presence of these phenolic constituents. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study can be used to standardize the formulations prepared by spray‐dried powder of E. officinalis.


P-026

Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacognostic Standardization of Polyherbal Formulation for Diabetes

Authors: Patel V.D.1, Shah R.S3.,Goyal R.K.2,Bhadada S.V.1, Patel S.S.1

Affiliation: 1. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, 2. Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Gujarat University

3. Rajsha Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 380 061, India Email:‐[email protected]

Standardization of herbal formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles, physical and chemical standards. This article reports on standardization of a polyherbal formulation containing eight different herbs viz., Syzygium cumini, Momordica charantia, Emblica officinalis, Gymnema sylvestre, Enicostemma littorale, Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia and Curcuma longa being used as anti‐diabetic. Specific morphological parts of the plants are used in the polyherbal formulation. The formulation has been standardized on the basis of organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and physicochemical properties. The percentage of moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water‐soluble ash, and petroleum ether soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive as well as chloroform soluble extractive of formulation were 6.5 ± 0.45, 9.23 ± 0.10, 3.1±0.27, 7.28 ±0.39, 6.1 ± 0.21, 18 ± 0.25, 35.5 ± 0.43, and 7.7 ± 0.22 respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, anthraquinone glycoside, flavonoids, mucilage and gums, proteins and amino acids, tannins and flavonoids. HPTLC fingerprint clearly demonstrated the presence of phenolic constituents in maximum amount.




Formulation and Characterization of Antiarthritic Herbal Ointment

P-027

Authors: Parmar J., Mehta N., Shastri D., Shelat P. Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,

Gandhinagar Email:‐[email protected]

The main objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate an ointment having antiarthritic (anti‐inflammatory) activity under the name of OTC (over the counter). Menthol and Methyl Salicylate were used as active ingredients along with the clove oil as penetration enhancer. Different types of ointment bases were prepared, evaluated and selected on the basis of their physical properties to be act as a drug carrier (20% active ingredients i.e., 5%w/w Menthol and 15%w/w Methyl Salicylate along with 1%w/w clove oil). Prepared ointment bases were evaluated for organoleptic parameters, consistency, spreadability, pH and irritanation potential. Optimized ointment formulations were subjected for stability studies at ambient condition of temperature, pressure and humidity for two weeks and clinical evaluation using carraggenan induced hind paw edema method to determine the anti‐inflammatory activity of the formulation. Percentage inhibition of paw edema was measured and compared with the market products. Formulations prepared with 1% clove oil showed good percentage inhibition (35% of inhibition) and that seemed to be the evidence for the anti‐inflammatory activity of the ointment. Water miscible ointment base worked as the best carrier for the drug in concern with stability as well as the anti inflammatory activity of the ointment formulation.


Isolation of Antioxidant Phenolics from Methanolic Extract of Roots of Hemidesmus indicus

P-028

Authors: Sarvaiya C., Joshi R., Tripathi N., Kumar V., Acharya S., Acharya N.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University Email:‐ [email protected]

Hemidesmus indicus, Asclepiadaceae is well known and a potent herb used in the traditional system of medicine. It is very rich source of terpenoids, flavanoid, phenolics and tannins. This research work focuses on isolation of phytoconstituents, more specifically targeted phenolics from the methanolic extract of roots of this plant. Phenolics precipitated from methanolic extract was loaded in the column and gradient elution with toluene, toluene: ethyl acetate (9:1 to 1:9) and ethyl acetate followed by ethyl acetate : methanol (9:1, 8:2) yielded different 16 fractions. All fractions (1‐16) collected from the precolumn chromatography of phenolics were subjected to assess the free radical scavenging activity of each using DPPH method. Fractions with good antioxidant activity were then subjected to the vaccum assisted column chromatography using gradient elution till single pure compounds HI001, HI002, H003 was isolated. HI002 showed good antioxidant activity and was subjected to re –column chromatography and two pure compounds HI004 and HI005 were isolated. IC50 value of HI004 and HI005 was found to be 12.5µg/ml. Results of the entire study showed that FTIR data of the isolated compound (HI004 and HI005) suggested the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the probable structure predicted was similar to that of proanthocyanidins ,indicated potential role of these compounds in the observed potent anti oxidant activity.

P-029

Investigation on the Gastroprotective Properties of Aqueous Extract of Mimosa pudica Leaves

Authors: Rathi S., Shah J., Saifuddin Md., Suresh D. K., Thakar B.

Affiliation:PG Department of Pharmacology, Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga, Karnataka Email:‐[email protected]

Background: Peptic ulcer is a chronic and appalling disease. Today it is a dominant among the diseases that affect the world population. The principal factors causing this disease are in adequate dietetic habits,





prolonged use of non steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, stress and infection by H. Pylori. Diarrhoea is a major public health problem in developing countries and is said to be endemic in many regions of Asia and is the leading cause of high degree of morbidity and mortality which contributes to the death of 3.3 to 6 million children annually. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective and anti‐diarrhoeal properties aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn against various experimentally induced ulcer and diarrhoeal models in rats. Methods: The leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn was shade dried and powdered. It was subjected to successive solvent extraction with water. The aqueous extract was administered orally at two different doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. The antiulcer and anti‐diarrhoeal effect was evaluated in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer, aspirin induced gastric ulcer and ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats, respectively. Lansoprazole was used as a reference drug in ulcer model. Result: The interpretation of the results was done after subjecting the data obtained from various studies to statistical analysis which included one way ANOVA followed by post tests like Dunnet’s test. Aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn showed significant antiulcer property in different animal models. Interpretation & Conclusion: The aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn possesses potential gastroprotective property.


P-030

Preliminary Screening of Secondary Metabolites in Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem from Different Plant Parts and their Developed Callus

Authors: Illa C. Patel, N.Shweta and Asha Patel

Affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem is a tree species, locally known as Rohida, found in Thar Desert regions of Northwest and Western India. It is a medium sized tree that produces quality timber and is the main source of timber amongst the indigenous tree species of desert regions. Tecomella undulata has got medicinal properties so this plant is utilized for medicinal purpose in Ayurvedic system. This plant is a source of various tannins and alkaloids which may be used to develop new synthetic drugs. The various plant parts are used by local people to cure many disorders. The bark obtained from the stem is used as a remedy for syphilis. It is also used in curing urinary disorders, enlargement of spleen, gonorrhoea, leucoderma and liver diseases. Seeds are used against abscess. Secondary Metabolites are chemical compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, quinones, saponins, etc) with complex structures and with more restricted distribution than primary metabolites. Different plant parts and calluses were oven dried and investigated for the detection and estimation of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, tannins and quantification of total phenolic contents. Maximum phenolic content was recorded in leaf extract. Developed calluses showed more flavanoid than the plant parts. No much variation has been reported in the tannin content in all the samples. In all the samples alkaloids, flavanoids, tannin and phenol were present whereas all the samples showed absence of saponin. Hence both plant parts and developed callus contained secondary metabolites.

P-031

Standardization and Characterization of Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata Nees Leaves

Authors:‐Mishra J., Shukla K., Mahajan S.C. Affiliation: Herbal Drug Technology, Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, India

Email:‐[email protected]

Andrographolide is a major active compound of plant Andrographis paniculata Nees which is responsible for many therapeutic effect like hepatoprotective, antiulcer. Andrographolide has very potent effect on hepatoprotection as compare to silymarine. The leaves contains higher amount of andrographolide so, extraction was performed for leaves. Oral administration of Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract may show hepatoprotective action and this drug has 90% elimination at 12 hr so long time effect was not found. The present study was carried out to perform the standardization of dried leaves of Andrographis paniculata as per WHO guidelines and parameters like foreign matter, ash value, moisture content, swelling index, foaming index, extractive value were performed. Dried leaves of A. paniculata were

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Desert

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhoea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucoderma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscess



extracted and andrographolide was isolated with 60% ethanol and recrystalization was performed for the final isolated compound.Physico‐chemical and analytical properties such as organoleptic properties, colour, taste, odour, microscopy of leaf, melting point, Rf value by TLC method and UV spectroscopy of isolated andrographolides were determined.

P-032

Antidiabetic Effect of Flacourtia indica Merr.in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Authors: Singh V.1, Patel B.D.2, Yadav A.P.2, Kori M.L.2 Affiliation: 1. Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Dabok, Udaipur (Rajasthan)

2. Vedica College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, (Madhya Pradesh) Email:[email protected]

The present study was evaluated for the antidiabetic effects of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Flacourtia indica Merr. (Flacourtiaceae) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The diabetes was induced by single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) in citrate buffer, while the normal control group was given the vehicle (citrate buffer) only. After 3 days of induction of diabetes, the diabetic animals were treated further four weeks with ethanolic extract of Flacourtia indica Merr.(150 mg/kg and 300 mg/ kg) and Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). STZ‐induced diabetic rats showed marked hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Body weight and liver glycogen levels were reduced and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats. The treatment with ethanolic extract of Flacourtia indica leaves at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/ kg significantly improve the alterations in fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, liver glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin and body weight in STZ‐induced diabetic rats. Thus present study suggested that ethanolic extract of Flacourtia indica have vast therapeutic application against diabetes due to its antidiabetic properties.

P-033

Anti‐Asthmatic Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Flacourtia Indica Merr

Authors: , Singh V.3

Korat N.1, Padsala H.1, Shakya Y.S.2

Affiliation: 1. Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Dabok, Udaipur (Rajasthan) 2. Shri Ramnath Singh Mahavidyalaya (Pharmacy) Gormi‐Bhind (MP)

3. Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Dabok, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Email: [email protected]

The effects of ethanolic extract of leaves of Flacourtia indica (EEFI) on experimental models were evaluated for its antihistaminic activity. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and steroids. Significant increase in preconvulsion time was observed due to pretreatment with Flacourtia indica when the guinea pigs were exposed to histamine. This bronchodilating effect of Flacourtia indica was comparable to Ketotifenfumarate. Thus, the present study revealed EEFI has significant antihistaminic (H1 receptor antagonist) activity. The Flacourtia indica by virtue of the said action will prove to be very effective in the antihistaminic therapy of asthma. Thus, the antiasthmatic effect produced by ethanolic extract of Flacourtia indica suggested that anti‐asthmatic activity could be due to its bronchodilator and mast cell stabilizing property. The possible mechanism of action may be blockade of H1 and Ach receptors leading to inhibitory of smooth muscle to respond histamine and Acetylcholine induced spasm leading to inhibition of broncho constriction. It was concluded that apart from the folklore uses of Flacourtia indica as antioxidant agents, the ethanolic extract of leaves of the plant Flacourtia indica also possess anti‐asthmatic activity.





Development and Evaluation of Total Oral Care Products: Mouth Dissolving Film and Mouthwash

P-034

Authors: Vaidya J., Vaishnav D., Dave D., Shelat P.

Affiliation: K.B Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Gandhinagar Email: [email protected]

Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz (Family: Combretaceae) (TC) and its powder have been used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for a number of diseases, including mouth ulcers and piles. It is reported to decrease oral microbes responsible for plaque formation and tooth decay. Aqueous extract of TC was used to prepare Mouth Dissolving Film (MDF) and Mouthwash for improved daily oral hygiene as well as for treatment of mouth ulcers. Solvent system consisting of Water and Propylene Glycol was used to prepare mouthwash. The solvent system afforded a clear solution which was adequately flavoured and sweetened using permitted agents. MDFs were prepared using HPMC K4M by casting method. Optimum concentration of polymer was found to be 0.05, which showed good folding endurance and fast onset of action. Both the formulations exhibited good antimicrobial properties as evidenced by reduced spirochetes count in oral cavity after use of the products in human volunteers. The ease of use and effectiveness can be expected to result in better compliance, total oral hygiene and mouth freshness.

P-035

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Potential of Piper betel and its Fractions Authors: Khan Y.1, Kumar V.2

Affiliation: 1. R.K.D.F College of Pharmacy, Bhopal

2. Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a modern therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension. Within the enzyme cascade of the renin‐angiotensin system, ACE removes histidyl‐leucine from angiotensin I to form the physiologically active octapeptide angiotensin II, one of the most potent known vasoconstrictors. Therefore, a rationale for treating hypertension would be to administer drugs or natural compounds which selectively inhibit ACE. In the search for lead drugs for hypertension from plant origin, Piper betel crude extract and its fractions were subjected to angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity by UV at 228 nm . The various fractions showed various inhibitory effects on ACE and IC50 value was found to be n‐hexane extract (29.53mg/ml), chloroform extract (1.15 mg/ml), methanol extract (10.35mg/ml), and aqueous extract (8.65mg/ml). Captopril was used as positive control. The chloroform extract was found to be the most active for further compound isolation. This activity suggests cardiovascular effect of the extract and various fractions of Piper betel.


Development of HPTLC Method for Estimation of Asiatic Acid in

P-036

Different Formulations Containing Shorea robusta Gaertn

Authors: Shelat D., Acharya N., Kumar V., Acharya S. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

Email:‐ [email protected]

Shorea robusta Gaertn is a tree commonly known as ‘sal’. S. robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) is a well known tree known for its oleo gum resins. It is reported to have α‐ reductase, scavenger of superoxide and cytotoxic activity. The gum resins of Shorea robusta received large attention due to presence of oligomeric stilbenes and tri‐terpenoids like asiatic acid, oleananes and ursanes. Asiatic acid is reported to have antimicrobial and wound healing activity. The resin of S. robusta has been reported to be used for its wound healing and




antibacterial activity. The aim of work focuses on estimation of asiatic acid in different Shorea robusta containing marketed formulations. A simple HPTLC method was developed using asiatic acid as biomarker and method was validated in terms of linearity range (50‐350ng/spot), accuracy(79.38%), limit of detection(25ng), limit of quantification(50ng), inter day and intra‐day analysis. A total of six topical formulations were taken namely SR1, SR2, SR3, MH‐54, M 36‐1 and M 36‐2. The sample preparation method was developed with methanol and solvent system consisted of chloroform: methanol (9:1, v: v), which further derivatized with 1% vanillin sulphuric acid. Separation was performed on silica gel G‐60 F254. The TLC plate was subsequently heated at 1050 and analyzed at 615 nm using Camag TLC scanner 3. From Six formulations, two formulations i.e. M 36‐1 and M 36‐2 showed presence of asiatic acid 0.106943%w/w and 0.115267%w/w respectively, while M‐54 showed presence of asiatic acid in trace amount. The Rf values were 0.37, 0.34 for sample M 36‐1 and M 36‐2, respectively. The method was found to be robust and helped in estimating that asiatic acid along with other terpenoids helps in increasing Shorea robusta wound healing activity.


P-037

Phytopharmacological Evalution of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) leaves with special reference to their anti‐asthmatic potential

Authors: Patel D., Jasani N., Tripathi N., Acharya N., Acharya S., Kumar V.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University Email:‐ [email protected]

The present study was aimed to evaluate anti asthmatic and anti allergic activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria by using broncho‐protective activity in guinea pigs against various mediators and mast cell stabilizing activity on rat mesentery. Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bottle gourd. It has been used traditionally for many disorders like asthma, bronchitis, inflammation, leprosy, jaundice etc. The powdered sample of leaves of L. siceraria was extracted with water and methanol to yield aqueous extract (26%) and methanolic extract (17%). Both aqueous and methanolic extract of the L. siceraria leaf were used for evaluating the anti asthmatic and anti allergic activities on various animal models. The aqueous extract showed the bronchodilatory effects on histamine and acetyl choline induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs in dose dependent manner with maximum activity at the dose of 300 mg/ kg. Both the extracts also showed the anti allergic potential against mast cell degranulation in rat mesentery. The aqueous and methanolic extracts showed maximum protection at the doses of 30µg/ml where methanolic extract showed percent protection even more than the standard ketotifen showing potent mast cell stabilizing activity. The results of these studies indicated usefulness of L.siceraria in the treatment of asthmatic and allergic disorders.

P-038

Standardization and Extraction of Herbs for Preparation of Anti‐Inflammatory Gel

Authors: Patil S., Shukla K., Mahajan S.C. Affiliation: Herbal Drug Technology, Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain Sothaghnalepa shows anti‐inflammatory effect, it is mentioned in Ayurvedic Formulary of India. It contains five drugs; Punarnava, Deodar, Sunth, Sigru, Sarso. Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa) contains Punarnavoside, Deodar (Cedrus deodar) contains Terpenoids, Flavonoids, and Sunth (Zingiber officinale) contains phenolic compounds: shogaols and gingerols, Sigru (Moringa olifera) contains Moringyne, Sarso (Brassica campestris) contains fixed oil. Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is the body's effort to inactivate or destroy invading organisms, remove irritants, and set the stage for tissue repair. Inflammation of two types acute and chronic inflammation. Quality control parameters performed to identify the various characters. Foreign matter, ash values, extractive values, swelling index, foaming index, moisture content were find out according to WHO guideline. Qualitative chemical test also performed to find the presence of various chemical constituents. This extract is used for the preparation of anti‐inflammatory gel. In this study we



have used extract of drugs with following solvent, like acetone extract of Punarnava, alcoholic extract of Deodar, Sunth, Sigru, Sarso for better effect. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence and absence of chemical constituents in the drug. The tests for Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Glycoside, Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil, Fixed oil were performed. Physical characters of extracts like colour, odour, state and yield were performed. Percentage yield of acetone extract of Boerhaavia diffusa was found to be 7.3 and alcoholic extract of Cedrus deodara, Zingiber officinale, Brassica campestris, Moringa oleifera are 20, 6.9, 10.9, 6.2 respectively.


P-039

5‐HT receptor as a target for diabetes with special reference to herbal drugs

Authors: Porwal U. , Patel B. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder that affects more than 100 million people worldwide. About 90‐95% of total diabetes accounts for type 2 diabetes and its worldwide frequency is expected to continue to grow by 6% per annum At present, therapy for type 2 diabetes mainly relies on several approaches intended to reduce hyperglycaemia which includes sulfonylurease ,biguanides, PPARγ agonist, α glucosidase inhibitors etc. However, none of the drugs are completely safe and efficacious. Thus, there is a dire need for newer targets and drugs for DM. 5‐HT receptors have emerged out at important target for DM which has got a distinct role in glucose haemostasis which significantly improves glucose tolerance. Out of the total seven receptors of 5‐HT receptors i.e. 5‐HT1

to 5HT7, 5HT4 receptor agonist,5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, 5‐HT2C receptor agonist have been reported to have potential in treating DM. Many herbal plants are known to interact with 5‐HT receptor channel system such as Zingiber officinale, Griffonia simplifocia, Stinging nettle plant etc. This review shall familiarize with the various herbal plants useful for DM and acting through 5‐HT receptor channel system.

Regulatory Aspects of Herbal Drugs Globally

Authors: Shah P., Nagar P.A., Mishra S.H. Affiliation: Herbal Drug Technology, Pharmacy Department, M.S. University, Vadodara


In the last few decades, there has been exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. The growing use of botanicals (drug and other products derived from plants) by the public is forcing moves to evaluate the health claims of these agents and to develop standards of quality and manufacture. It is clear that the herbal industry needs to follow strict guidelines and that regulations are needed. However, there are lot of concerns about the traditional medicine in areas of efficacy, safety and quality. There are not enough regulation criteria over the use of botanicals. There are different ways in which countries define medicinal plants or herbs or products derived from natural products. Countries have adopted various approaches to licensing, manufacturing, dispensing & trading to ensure their safety, efficacy & quality of these products. Present review describes various regulatory aspects of the use of botanicals in the different countries like US, EUROPEAN UNION, INDIA etc. Various regulatory guidelines like WHO, USFDA, EMEA, THMPD, MHRA available for the guidance of the industry. It also describes challenges for the Indian herbal drugs manufacturers to export their product in the foreign markets. It also describes challenges related to regulatory status of herbal medicines, assessment of safety & efficacy, quality control of herbal medicines, etc. & how it can be overcome.

Synergy of Artemisinin and Curcumin with Piperine

P-040

P-041

Authors: Sharma S.1, Kumar V.2 Affiliation: 1. Department of Pharm. Biotech., Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal.

2. Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad



Drug delivery strategies of natural products and traditional medicines are re‐emerging as attractive options for the diseases prevention and treatment. Rationally designed, carefully standardized, synergistic traditional herbal formulations with robust scientific evidence can also be alternatives. Research suggests that drug discovery need not be always confined to the discovery of a single molecule. The growing interest in polypill concept is investigative of the need to collectively address multiple targets, risk factors or symptoms. Seeking new synergistic combinations and improvements in bioavailability are novel strategies, which can play a significant role in drug development. In animal studies, a combination of artemisinin derivative and curcumin has been reported to show a synergistic interaction in killing Plasmodium falciparum leading effectively to total survival. There have been several studies on piperine showing its combination improved bioavailability of synthetic drugs such as propranolol, theophylline and rifampicin. The clue for piperine as a bioenhancer came from Ayurveda. Such bioavailability enhancing activity may have numerous advantages in drug development including reduction in dose, toxicity and treatment costs


P-042

A Review on Safety Issues of Herbal Drugs

Authors: Patel B., Patel D., Khan S., Saluja A.K. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, A.R.College and G.H.Patel Institute of Pharmacy VallabhVidyanagar, Anand


Herbal supplements and their ingredients have always been known to support good health and improve overall welfare. National pharmacovigilance systems should be closely linked to the national drug regulatory systems. To function properly, a national safety monitoring program for herbal medicines should be operated alongside an effective national drug regulatory system with the will and the potential to react to signals emanating from reports of adverse effects of herbal medicines and to take proper regulatory measures. Any assessment of herbal medicines must be based on unambiguous identification and characterization of the constituents. A literature search must be performed. This should include the general literature such as handbooks specific to the individual form of therapy, modern handbooks on phytotherapy, phytochemistry and pharmacognosy, articles published in scientific journals, official monographs such as WHO monographs, national monographs and other authoritative data related to herbal medicines and, if available, database searches in online or offline databases, e.g. WHO adverse drug reaction database, National Library of Medicine’s Medline, etc. The WHO has taken the lead in tackling the need for drug safety monitoring since 1970 (resolution WHA23.13 on international monitoring of adverse reactions to drugs, 1970). The WHO International Drug Monitoring Program, together with the WHO Collaborating Centre in Sweden, the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), has instituted a coherent program of action for pharmacovigilance, which includes the establishment of a program for exchange of safety information, maintenance of the global WHO database of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports (hereafter referred to as the global WHO database), and the provision of numerous guidelines on monitoring drug safety. A Review on Quantitative Estimation of Piperine in Ayurvedic Formulations using Analytical Techniques:

HPTLC and UV Spectrophotometry

P-043

Authors: Chechani S., Mehta P.J., Kothari C.S., Patel N. Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University,

Piperine is the main therapeutically active constituent of plant Piper nigrum Linn. and Piper longum Linn. Belonging to family pipereaceae. Piperine used as a bioavailability enhancer. It is present in number of ayurvedic formulations such as Ajmodadi churna, Sitopaladi churna, Pippli Churna. Herbal formulations show the number of problems when quality aspect is considered. So there is need of analytical technique which can quantitatively estimate active component of herbal formulation accurately and in precise manner. Literature survey shows that UV spectrophotometry and HPTLC method have been developed and



validated for quantitative estimation of piperine in ayurvedic formulation. The UV spectrophotometric method has been performed at 342.5 nm and in HPTLC method densiometric analysis has been carried out in the absorbance mode at 254 nm. The parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, and standard error have been studied. Development and validation of spectrophotometric method and HPTLC method can be used for the quality control of the raw materials as well as of herbal formulations. Hence the proposed methods can be used for the reliable quantification of piperine in crude drug and its ayurvedic formulations.

A Comprehensive Review on Withania somnifera Dunal

P-044

Ghumre R.1, Vyas V.2, Patidar R.1

Affiliation: 1. Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India 2. Department of Pharma. Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

Withania somnifera is known as Ashwagandha, also commonly known in different parts of the world as Indian ginseng, Winter cherry, Ajagandhaand and Kanaje Hindi, a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. Ashwagandha is a woody shrub or herb whose various parts (berries, leaves and roots) are used as folk remedies. Some traditional uses of ashwagandha are also invoked now a day, such as enhancing sexual function in men, increasing fertility in men or women, aiding sleep and enhancing sports performance. Withania somnifera is used as adaptogen, antiarthritic, antispasmodic, anti‐inflammatory, nervine tonic, nerve soothing, sedative, hypotensive, antioxidant, immunomodulator, free radical scavenger, anti‐stress and anti‐cancer agent. Ashwagandha is called "Rasayana", which means powerful rejuvenator in Ayurvedic jargon as it increases hemoglobin (red blood count) and hair melanin. In this study we have critically reviewed recent advancements of Withania somnifera in an attempt to authenticate its use as a multi‐purpose medicinal agent.


Ferulic Acid, a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivative: An Emerging Therapeutic Option

Authors: Shrivastav S., Panchal S.J. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad


Ferulic acid is the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acid in the plants. Maize bran is the most promising source with 3.1% (w/w) ferulic acid as an antioxidant. A good amount of ferulic acid is also found in oats, brown rice, whole wheat, peanuts, apples, and pineapples. It is a ubiquitous plant constituent found in plant cell walls, leaves and seeds. It is made from the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. It occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation, it readily forms a resonance stabilized phenoxy radical which accounts for its potent antioxidant potential. The dehydrodimers of ferulic acid are important structural components in the plant cell wall and serve to enhance its rigidity and strength. It acts as potential antioxidant and exhibits a wide range of therapeutic activity against various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neuro‐degenerative disorders. ferulic acid is an effective scavenger of free radicals and it has been approved in certain countries as food additive to prevent lipid peroxidation. It effectively scavenges superoxide anion radical and inhibits the lipid peroxidation. Hence, the present review reveals the mechanisms of antioxidant property of ferulic acid and its possible role in therapeutic usage against various diseases.

Turning Glycosuria into Therapy: Herbal Sodium Glucose Co Transporter 2 (Sglt2)

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P-046

Inhibitors for Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Damle D., Patel B.M. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad





Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, and is characterized by increased blood glucose levels, polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia. Approximately 180g of glucose is filtered daily in the glomeruli of a normal healthy adult. Unless the blood contains an excess of glucose, all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed with only negligible amounts (1%) of glucose being excreted in the urine. Maximal renal glucose reabsorption can further contribute to high plasma glucose levels. Further, Sodium glucose co transporter (SGLT2) plays a major role in physiology of glucose reabsorption from proximal part of kidney. Hence, in this regard, inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption by inhibiting the SGLT2 is the novel approach for the treatment of diabetes. Various naturally occurring compounds have been found to inhibit the Sodium Glucose Co‐transporter and can be used as a treatment for the diabetes mellitus. Phlorizin is a Sodium Glucose Co‐transporter inhibitor which was originally isolated chiefly in root bark, bark, leaves and leaf buds of apple (Pyrus communis). A derivative T‐1095 which is a prodrug of the active molecule T‐1095A has also been developed by Kissei Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Various plants like cherry, pear and other trees of the Rosaceae family have been found to have phlorizin as a constituent. There is a dire need to exploit these plants for their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to assess the various naturally occurring sodium glucose co‐transport inhibitors in the treatment and the risk‐benefit ratio of this new class of drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Molecular Mechanisms for Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Natural Dietary Compounds

P-047

Authors: Patel R.A., Patel B.M., Panchal S.J.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Email:‐ [email protected]

Colorectal cancer is third most common causes of cancer‐related mortality in both men and women worldwide. Several plant‐derived compounds are currently successfully employed in colorectal cancer treatment. Recent evidence indicated that increasing of fruits, vegetable or fiber in diet is likely to prevent a large proportion of colorectal cancer. This review focuses on preventing the initiation and promotion of neoplastic growth in colorectal cancer, particularly with natural dietary compounds. Chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural dietary compounds and/or synthetic substances that can delay, prevent, or even reverse the development of adenomas, as well as the progression from adenoma to carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms of their chemopreventive action are associated with the modulation of signaling cascades, gene expressions involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and the suppression of chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Here, we summarize the currently known targets and signaling pathways whereby natural dietary compounds interfere with the development of colorectal cancer, and thus providing evidence for these substances in colonic cancer chemopreventive action. P-048

Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Role of Potential Natural Plants of Indigenous Origin

Authors: Nihar R., Bhadada S.V. Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad

Email:‐ [email protected] Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH–dependent enzyme that catalyses the reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding alcohols and is present in several human tissues converting the glucose into sorbitol by the polyol pathway and subsequently accumulating sorbitol in various tissues leading to several diabetic complications like Retinopathy, Cataract Neuropathy and Nephropathy. Sorbitol accumulation is responsible for the osmotic change since polyols, in general, poorly penetrate biological membranes and hence, once formed in the fiber cells, sorbitol does not readily leak out causing an electrolyte imbalance leading to hydration and damage of the cell membrane, subsequently producing cataractogenesis. Further increased activity of the polyol pathway during hyperglycaemia could lead to a depletion of NADPH and accumulation





of reduced NAD. This shift in the redox state of pyridine coenzymes recapitulates the metabolic phenotype of hypoxia and has been proposed to induce a state of pseudohypoxia resulting in hypoxia‐like responses and release of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell proliferation, apoptosis, tissue dysfunction and damage hence leading to neuropathy, nephropathy and vascular complications. The aim of AR inhibitor therapy is to normalize the elevated flux of blood glucose and sorbitol through the polyol pathway in the target tissues. Recently, many synthetic inhibitors of AR have been developed but have not produced satisfactory results in delaying the diabetic complications probably due to their toxicity and side effect profile. On the other hand, a plethora of medicinal plants show considerable AR inhibition activity and have no/little toxic action and side effects. This review presents various plants of indigenous origin as well as several natural products isolated from the medicinal plants showing significant AR inhibition activity and hence may be helpful in the delaying the complications of diabetes.

Importance of Natural Product Library for Potential Lead Generation

P-049

Authors: Pathak C.D., Savjani J.K.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University Email:‐ [email protected]

Addressing drug‐like/lead‐like properties of biologically active small molecules early in a lead generation program is the current paradigm within the drug discovery community. There have been several comprehensive reviews of the types of libraries that have been developed inspired by natural products. The latest review from natural product‐like scaffolds encompasses over 50 reported libraries. Some of the most recent libraries have been based upon vasicine, 3‐chloro‐4‐hydroxyphenylacetamide, flavonoids, the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and fused bicyclic acetals structures. Lipinski’s “rule of five” has become the most commonly used tool to assess the relationship between structures and drug‐like properties which says a candidate should have less than five hydrogen bond donors (HBD), less than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), a molecular weight of less than 500 D, and a partition coefficient (log P) of less than 5. Sixty percent of the 126 140 unique compounds in The Dictionary of Natural Products had no violations of Lipinski’s “rule of five”. 814 natural products isolated based on their expected drug‐like/lead‐like properties to generate a natural product library (NPL) in which 85% of the isolated compounds had no Lipinski violations. The library demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining natural products known for rich chemical diversity with the required physicochemical properties for drug discovery. The knowledge generated in creation of the library of structurally characterized pure natural products may provide opportunities to front‐load lead‐like property space in natural product drug discovery programs.


Potential Role of Flax Seed Oil in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Complications

P-050

Authors: Nayak A., Panchal S.J.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Email: ‐ [email protected]

Stroke, acute myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy are the major cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications which are accelerated by atherosclerosis, characterized by excessive deposition of lipids in the lumen of arteries. The low‐fat diet and the diet rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, including omega‐3 fatty acids are helpful to prevent these complications. Research works have shown that Eicosa Pentanoic Acid (EPA) and Decosa Hexanoic Acid (DHA) help to prevent development of pathological atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of atheromatous plaque and intravascular clots, which are major etiological factors for myocardial infarction and stroke. Flax seed oil is a rich source of Alpha Linolenic Acid (ALA), gets converted into EPA and DHA following absorption from GI tract. The regular consumption of such oil in the diet can cause reduction of inflammation, intravascular clotting, the lipids levels and maintenance of fluidity of the cell membranes. It also, reduces the production of cytokines that are involved in the inflammatory responses associated with atherosclerosis. All these




factors can be helpful to prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications. Thus this review focuses on the potential role of Flax seed oil in the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications.

An Overview of Herbal Drug Regulation Worldwide

P-051

Authors: Khan S., Palande N., Christian A., Saluja A.K.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, A.R.College & G.H.Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand

Email:‐[email protected], [email protected]

Different type of legal systems in the world, civil legal systems (most countries with European Union) evolve through the development of written codes and Common law legal system (Anglo American law) draw reference from judicial interpretation. In UK, the basics of law are laid down in unwritten law. Regulation covers preamble, dictum, explanatory memorandum, definitions and realm. Natural products in the US are regulated as foods or food additives. Herbs Generally Recognized as Safe means ensure that no claims are made and not contradicted by other experts. DSHEA defines herbs that are intended as a supplement to the normal diet. No special legislation for the herbal exists in the European Union (EU). Herbal products meant for therapy should be licensed under general pharmaceutical community law. The European Economic Community recognize the need to standardize approval of herbal medicines, developed a series of guidelines‐The Quality of Herbal Remedies. The phytotherapy society of Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland and UK founded the ESCOP. In India traditional medicines are governed by the D&CA 1940 and Drugs and Cosmetic Rules 1945. AYUSH and ISM&H regulate the herbal drugs in India. For new Herbal medicine, safety and appropriate efficacy data is required. In China new drugs must be examined and approved according to the Drug Administration Law. The policy of WHO regarding traditional medicine was presented in the Director‐Generals report on Traditional Medicine and Modern Health Care to the Forty‐fourth World Health Assembly. From a global perspective, regulatory control differs and there is a need to adopt a harmonized approach on the lines of International Conference of Harmonization guideline.


P-052

Phytosomes‐ An Emerging Technology

Authors: Sharma T., Sharma M., Shaikh S., Mahajan S.C. Affiliation: Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Phytosomes are natural complex compounds of flavonoids with phospholipids, characterized by high lipophilic and improved bioavailability and therapeutic property as compare with free, not complex flavonoids. Phytosomes are also known as phytolipids delivery system. Development of phytosomes is at the budding stages in India and abroad. These are advanced form of herbal extract that are better absorbed which results better than conventional herbal extract. Phytosomes are novel compounds comprising of lipophilic complex of component of various plants like Silybum marianum, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng etc with phospholipids. Phytosome preparation is done by non conventional method. Complex formation ratio of component and phospholipids is 1:1 and 2:1. These are used as a medicament & have wide scope in cosmetology. These drug‐phospholipids complexes can be formulated in the form of solution, suspension, emulsion, syrup, lotion, gel, cream, aqueous micro dispersion, pill, capsule, powder, granules and chewable tablet. Phytosomes are produced by a patent process in which individual component of herbal extract like flavo lignans and terpenoids are bound to the phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine through a polar end. Standardized plant extracts or mainly polar phyto constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, complexed with phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine give rise to a new drug delivery system called phytosomes showing much better absorption profile following oral administration to improve lipid solubility which enables them to cross biological membrane, resulting better bioavailability i.e. more amount of active principle in systemic circulation. Technology is having a lot of commercial application. The technology can




effectively deliver the product by topical and oral route. Many areas of phytosomes are to be revealed in future in the prospect of pharmaceutical application.


Bioautography Detection by Different TLC Techniques for Various Anti Fungal Agents

P-053

Present in Medicinal and Food Plants

Authors: Shah J., Singh A., Kothari C.S., Patel N., Mehta P.J. Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University


Microbial detection method hyphenated with chromatography techniques. It is based mainly on antimicrobial or antifungal properties of analyzed substances. Many applications are quoted, not only for testing various groups of compounds, but also for investigating biochemical processes and factors influencing. The review discusses three versions of bio autography, i.e. contact, immersion and direct bio autography. Additionally, related methods, which can be included into direct bio autography, are discussed compared to other methods. The review also gives an idea about the traditional microbial assay methods and the new TLC based bio autography technique for the same. A very clear view about this technique is given by taking the example of “Bio autography for Anti Fungal agents”. As future prospects, this technique and its various hyphenated versions have very good potential for the establishment of new era in the field of microbiological assays of widely used phyto pharmaceuticals and natural products.

A Review on Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Transdermal Patches Containing Various

Combinations of Boswellic Acid

P-054

Authors: Jain R, Mishra R.D., Mehta T.A. Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad


The Allopathic system of medicine provides conventional treatment for inflammation, which comes along with certain side effects. It has been observed that the drugs of Ayurvedic origin can be utilized in a better form with enhanced efficacy with minimum side‐effects by incorporating it in modern dosage forms. Boswellic acid is a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules inhibit two pro‐inflammatory enzymes, 5‐lipoxygenase and Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE).A Review on the effect of combination of boswellic acid with other anti‐inflammatory agents was done to measure its efficacy in comparison to synthetic agents. One of the studies by researcher indicated the effect of different combinations of boswellic acid on inflammatory response. The first combination was containing boswellic acid (Boswellia serrata), shivlingi extract (Bryonia laciniosa Linn.), guggul extract (Commiphora mukul Hook) and raladhupa extract (Canarium strictum Rox.),showed 59% inhibition while the diclofenac diethyl ammonium patch (standard) showed 48% inhibition in carrageenan induced rat paw oedema. The other combination was containing boswellic acid (Boswellia serrata) with curcumin (Curcuma longa), showed 55.56% inhibition in comparison with standard ketoprofen patch 77.78% in UV light induced erythema. Another study showed the effect of various polymers on the drug release from boswellic acid containing transdermal patch. It was observed that using polymers like HPMC 15‐cps (2.5%) and ethyl cellulose (3.5%) in boswellic acid transdermal patch, showed 43.31% and 69.84% boswellic acid release respectively on rat skin in 9 hours using Franz diffusion cell. The present review revealed that herbal extract based transdermal patches can be considered as safe and effective in comparison to patches containing synthetic drugs and exploration of this area provides huge potential in future for herbal formulation based drug delivery.

Herbal Medicine in Pharmacovigilance System‐ An Update

P-055

Authors: Jaiswal R., Rathod S.P., Mishra S.H.




Affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Herbal medicines have been in use since long time and are increasingly gaining popularity because of easy access, affordable price and belief of it being safer than allopathic drugs. Herbal medicines are sometimes used in conjunction with other medicines, and it is essential to understand the consequences of such combined use and monitor whether any adverse effects are arising. This can be achieved most readily within the ‘Pharmacovigilance system’. Recently an increasing number of documented case reports, in vivo studies, and clinical trials have evaluated herbal–drug interactions. Since there is a lack of rigorous studies that can establish the clinical significance of herb–drug interactions, an evidence‐based evaluation of herbal–drug interactions, as well as with other dietary supplements, is needed. There are several examples of well‐documented pharmacodynamic interactions. Kava interacts with the antiparkinsonian drug levodopa, resulting in reduced efficacy of levodopa, St John’s Wort interacts with 5‐HT reuptake inhibitors and Extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. rigidity, bradykinesia and jaw tremor) occur in schizophrenic patients who are maintained on depot neuroleptic medication following a period of heavy betel nut (Areca catechu, a central stimulant) consumption. The danger with use of herbs as supplement may be neither safe nor effective and sometimes may contribute to catastrophic side effects. Present work describes pharmacovigilance parameters, and safety concern for monitoring the usage of herbal medicine, with a view to create public awareness.


Marker profiling ‐ an effective standardization tool for Natural Products: A Review

P-056

Authors: Desai M., Modi K., Mehta P. J. Kothari C.S., Patel N.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University E‐mail: [email protected]

Marker profiling is an effective standardization tool for natural health products. The efficacy and safety of any pharmaceutical product is determined by the compounds (desired and undesired) which it contains. As herbal medicinal products are complex mixtures which originate from biological sources, great efforts are necessary to guarantee a constant and adequate quality. By carefully selecting the plant material and a standardized manufacturing process the pattern and concentration of constituents of herbal medicinal products should be kept as constant as possible as this is a prerequisite for reproducible therapeutic results. Both DNA and chemical markers can be used for the purpose. The use of chromatographic techniques and marker compounds to standardize botanical preparations has limitations because of their variable sources and chemical complexity. The new pharmacognosy includes all the aspects of drug development and discovery, where biotechnology‐driven applications play an important role. DNA‐based molecular markers have utility in the fields like taxonomy, physiology, embryology, genetics, etc. DNA‐based techniques have been widely used for authentication of plant species of medicinal importance. The power of discrimination of DNA‐based markers is so high that very closely related varieties can be differentiated. For chemical profiling various analytical methods such as thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography is commonly used but it is limited because of their variable source and chemical complexity. Thus for quantitative studies use of specific DNA marker is preferred option.

Reverse Pharmacognosy: A Concept for Enhancing Natural Drug Discovery

P-057

Authors: Maheshwari V., Patel B., Viroja U., Kosalge S.

Affiliation: Smt. N.M.Padalia Pharmacy College, Navapura, Ahmedabad E‐mail: [email protected]

Reverse Pharmacognosy (RP) aims at finding biological targets for natural compounds by screening and identifying natural resources that contains active constituents. Traditional medicine cures based on natural materials have proven useful for many populations worldwide. These huge and disperse amounts of knowledge are sometimes neglected in Western research because of great differences in the concepts of




illness. Reverse pharmacognosy is also a new concept introduced by Greenpharma that complements pharmacognosy in the research of new plants for cosmetic usage and biological mechanism. This approach can be implemented in two manners: a biological screening and a virtual screening. In this review we introduce a new approach, termed 'reverse pharmacognosy' (from diverse molecules to plants), which can be coupled with pharmacognosy (from biodiverse plants to molecules). Reverse Pharmacognosy utilizes new techniques, such as high throughput screening HTS, virtual screening and a knowledge database containing the traditional uses of plants. Integrating pharmacognosy and reverse pharmacognosy in the research process may provide an efficient and rapid tool for natural drug discovery.

P-058

DNA Microarray in Herbal Drug Research

Authors: Patel B., Maheshwari V., Viroja U., Kosalge S. Affiliation: Smt. N.M.Padalia Pharmacy College, Navapura, Ahmedabad


Natural products have increased applications in drug discovery and development. Because of chemically diverse nature, they are able to modulate several targets simultaneously in a complex system. Analysis of gene expression becomes necessary for better understanding of molecular mechanisms. Conventional strategies for expression profiling are optimized for single gene analysis. DNA microarrays serve as suitable high throughput tool for simultaneous analysis of multiple genes. Chemical microarrays, which are arrays of small organic compounds, represent a novel approach towards analysis of chemical libraries. They are widely used to analyze the interaction of proteins with organic compounds in a miniaturized and high‐throughput fashion. Major practical applicability of DNA microarrays remains in DNA mutation and polymorphism analysis. This review highlights applications of DNA microarrays in pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, toxicogenomics and quality control of herbal drugs and extracts. Recently several studies have demonstrated the utility of microarray analysis for studying genome‐wide effects of xenobiotics and the rapid identification of toxic hazards for novel drug candidates.

P-059

Ethnopharmacology ‐ A Gateway for Drug Discovery in 21st Century

Authors: Khairnar A.K., Joshi S.S., Salunke H.D., Biranwar Y.A., Baviskar D.T.

Affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, Boradi‐ 425428, (M.S) India. Email:[email protected]

Ethnopharmacologic approach is based on botany, chemistry and pharmacology (observation, identification, description and experimental investigation) but other disciplines have made vital contributions. The objectives of Ethnopharmacology are to rescue and document an important cultural heritage before it is lost, and to investigate and evaluate the agents employed. Thus, it plays an immense role in evaluation of natural products and more particularly the herbal drugs from traditional and folklore resources. Field observations and descriptions of the use and effects of traditional remedies, botanical identification, Phytochemical and pharmacological studies are all within the scope of ethnopharmacology.Here we present the two plant species Calotropis procera (Ait.) and Aloe vera with their ethnopharmacological use with the formulations on the bases of ethnopharmacology. Ethnopharmacology is not just a science of the past using an outmoded approach. It still constitutes a scientific backbone in the development of active therapeutics based upon traditional medicine of various ethnic groups with the ultimate aim of validating these traditional preparations, either through the isolation of active substances or through pharmacological findings. The local knowledge on various medicinal plants, ethnomedicinal preparations are useful resources, which may be scientifically evaluated and disseminated for efficacious drug development and improved health status. Thus





traditional knowledge from various part of the world provides a good source of drug discovery for the future


P-060

Super Critical Fluid: Application for Extraction of Essential Oils

Authors: Patel N., Bhatt H., Manna K. Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad


The characteristic smell of plant materials is the result of the complex interactions occurring among hundreds of compounds. Correct production of the natural fragrance in a concentrated extract is a complex task. The presence of thermo labile compounds, the possibility of hydrolysis and of hydro solubilisation are serious obstacles in the reproduction of natural fragrances. Moreover, severe legislative restrictions are currently being proposed to eliminate solvent residues in these products when used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Supercritical CO2, is the solvent of choice in the extraction of fragrance compounds, since it is non‐toxic and allows supercritical operation at relatively low pressures and near room temperature. Supercritical CO2 is having the properties in between gas and liquid phase. By varying temperature and pressure conditions these properties can be altered and this makes it more advantageous solvent compared to other organic solvents. The supercritical extraction of the compounds responsible for the fragrances contained in vegetable matter is a promising field for the industrial application of supercritical fluid processing.

P-061

Clinical Studies of Natural Products (Single Herb)

Authors: Manna K., Bhatt H., Patel N. Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad


Clinical studies and case reports of herbal medicines have recently begun to appear in major medical journals. The clinicians responsible for these publications are apparently unaware that no standards of quality exist for herbal products in this and many other countries. Accustomed to working with drugs that must conform to official specifications; these authors often fail to define adequately the botanicals employed, and their failure to do so raise more questions than are answered. Clinical trials of herbal medicines are not much studied for single herbs yet. A first clinical trial of multi‐ingredient formulation (Chinese) was evaluated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome conducted in Australia published by Bensoussan et al. (1998). Indian and Chinese civilizations were using poly herbal formulations for last many 100s years. Those popular herbal medicines are to be clinically explored for benefits of mankind. In this review we focused on the details of clinical trials of single herbs likes Garlic, Ginger, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Bilberry, Grape Seed, Green Tea and Lemon Balm, etc. All the clinical trial results of single herbs are associated with followings: Preparations, Therapeutic Applications, Summary of Reviewed Clinical Studies, Epidemiological Studies, Adverse Reactions or Side Effects, Information from Pharmacopoeia Monographs, Details about Products and Post‐marketing Surveillance Studies.

Re‐emerging History: Drug Discovery from Herbal Origin

P-062

Authors: Baksariya A.I., Patel B.D.

Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad




For drug discovery, historical experience is always of significance. The history indicates that many modern drugs have origin in natural products. In that context, the current drug discovery approach of finding ‘new entity drugs’, is shifting towards the ‘combining existing agents’. Natural product drug discovery based on ethno pharmacology and traditional medicines re‐emerges as attractive strategic options. Despite of many challenges like procurement of plant materials and isolation of active principle which is insufficient for lead optimization, the selection and implementation of appropriate high‐throughput screening bioassays, scale‐up of active compounds etc., drug discovery depended more on the combination of natural agents than on screening new molecules to find new remedies. The global market for botanical and plant‐derived drugs is expected to increase from $26 billion in 2010 to $32.9 billion in 2013. The current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques. Today there are more than 120 distinct chemical substances derived from plants that are considered as important drug and are currently in use in one or more countries in the world. Medicinal plant drug discovery continues to provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets including cancer, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s, malaria, and pain. Few of them are quinine; arte ether, galanthamine, Huperzine A, nitisinone, tiotropium etc. and more are currently under clinical trials. The present review deals with the current scenario of discovery of phyto‐medicine, its challenges and remedies, various approaches of drug discovery and related aspects.

Applications of Combi‐Flash Chromatography

P-063

Authors: Panchal S.R., Kumar V.

Affiliation: 1. L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, Nr. Sarkhej sanand circle, Ahmedabad 2. Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad

The Combi‐flash chromatography is a new innovation in the world of pharmaceuticals, especially, where separation and purification of compounds from the mixture is concerned. It is the advanced version of column chromatography. Using this technique is very beneficial and the advantages and application are as below, a. Applied for drug discovery, petro chemical discovery, agronomical innovation, b. Normal and reverse phase chromatography can be operational, c. Detector options are available, d. Multiple solvent selection and injection is possible, e. Very less time is required to isolate and purify components, f. Easy to handle and operate, g. High precision, h. High accuracy, i. All method parameters may be changed during the run. Companion provides real‐time method control, j. Solvent management is easy, k. Complete automatic system associated with computerized software, touch screen panel, remote control, and automatic collector device, l. Number of fractions of mixture/impure compound can be collected without changing racks, m. Can be linked with advance techniques like automatic sensation by radio frequency, n. System can be directly linked with the internet for further rectification of any problem/alert to the operator via email, automatic communication facility available, o. Easy networking, and p. Easy to design protocols, possible to work with very low quantity of sample. This technique is a very powerful technique for the separation and purification and there may be new innovations are promising with the base of such a good innovation.


Boon of Ethno medicinal Herbs – Dillenia indica and Dillenia pentagyna

P-064

Authors: Gupta S., Patel K., Mehta P., Gandhi D. Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University


Many traditional plants have potential curative properties with immense value found widely in the moist and evergreen forest of Dist. Dang, Gujarat. A present review includes unveiling of two traditional plants Dillenia pentagyna and Dillenia indica, commonly known as “KARMAL” and “MOTA KARMAL” respectively, belonging to family dilleniaceae. The tribal and folk communities use various parts of it for the treatment of their ailments and diseases, viz. body pain (roots), diarrhoea, diabetes (barks), piles (leaves). These plants widely grow on the banks of forest stream, are more or less deciduous tree growing up to 10 meters or



more in height, with a few wide‐spreading branches. Macroscopically, both the species are distinguished well from their characteristics of leaves, fruits, barks and flowers. A wide range of phytochemical constituents are isolated from these plants like betulinic acid, dihydro‐isorhamnetin, dillenetin, rhammentin, dihedral quercetin, dipoloic acid etc. These bioactive constituents also exhibit many pharmacological activities like anti leukemic, anticancer, anti diarrheal, antioxidant, anti inflammatory etc. The further research can be carried out for exploring these uses including standardization of these plants, isolation, quantification and development of validated analytical methods for the estimation of various phyto constituent. These plants can serve as framework which provides better approach in the field of pharmaceutical research.

P-065

Development of Quality Control Parameter for Mridwikadi Leha (Classical Formulation)

Authors:‐Shorathiya J., Shukla K., Mahajan S.C. Affiliation: Herbal Drug Technology, Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, India

Email:‐[email protected] The object of this study is to developed the quality control parameters of the Mridwikadi leha an classical preparation mentioned in the ayurvedic formulary of India across the world by standardizing quality control parameter strict norms of ayurvedic formulary of India and WHO guidelines, the efforts has been made to check the quality control parameter such as macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, ash values, water soluble ashes , acid insoluble ashes, extractive values, loss on drying of crude drugs. In the preparation of Mridwikadi leha according to API using Draksha (Vitis vinifera), Pippali (Piper longum), sharkara and madhu. The prepared avaleha was subjected to sensory evaluation characteristics (colour, odour, taste), microscopy of avaleha, TLC of avaleha, estimation of gallic acid content in avaleha and physiochemical parameter includes ash values includes total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, total tannins, total sugar, reducing sugars , non reducing sugars, pH, preliminary phytochemical screening of avaleha and free radical scavenging activity (In vitro study) has been determined.

P-066

Anticancer Diet and Cancer Fighting Foods

Authors: Bhatt H., Manna K., Patel N. Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad


Not all health problems are avoidable, but can be manageable by having more control over diet. Research shows that a majority of cancer‐related deaths are directly linked to lifestyle choices. Avoiding cigarettes, minimizing alcohol, and getting regular exercise are a great start to an anti‐cancer lifestyle but what we eat and don’t has a powerful effect on risk of cancer. Without knowing it, we may be eating many foods that fuel cancer, while neglecting the powerful foods and nutrients that can protect us. Plants based diet, like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, have less fat, more fiber, and more cancer‐fighting nutrients. These three elements work together to support your immune system and help your body fight off cancer. The less processed these foods are the better they produce effect. Eating an apple is far better than drinking a glass of apple juice. Another benefit of eating plant‐based foods is that it will also increase fiber intake that our body can’t digest and thus keep digestive system clean and healthy. It moves cancer‐causing compounds out before they can create harm. The more natural and unprocessed the food, the higher it is in fiber. Research shows that vegetarians are about fifty percent less likely to develop cancer than those who eat meat. Meat lacks fiber and other nutrients that have been shown to have cancer‐protective properties. Often very high levels of saturated fat are present in meat. High‐fat diets have been linked to higher rates of cancer. Saturated fat is particularly dangerous. The best fats are unsaturated fats, which come from plant sources viz. olive oil, canola oil, nuts, and avocados and are liquid at room temperature. Omega‐3 fatty acids are important which fight inflammation and support brain and heart health. Our immune system keeps us healthy by fighting off unwanted invaders in our system, including cancer cells. Antioxidants are powerful vitamins that protect against cancer and help the cells in our body function optimally. Colourful fruits and





vegetables are rich in phyto chemicals, a potent disease–fighting and immune–boosting nutrient. The greater the variety of colours that you include, the more you will benefit, since different colours are rich in different phytochemicals. Garlic, ginger, and curry powder not only add flavour, but they add a cancer‐fighting punch of valuable nutrients. Water is essentially to all bodily processes. It stimulates the immune system, removes waste and toxins, and transports nutrients to all of your organs. In all, proper diet and method of preparation of food is necessary. If we change our diet and behaviours, we can minimize risk of disease and possibly even stop cancer in its tracks.

P-067

Plant Derived Endophytic Fungi: Application in Medicine

Authors: Patel K., Patel N., Arya J.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva

Email:‐[email protected] Endophytic microorganisms that reside in the internal tissues of living plants without causing any effects, have been found in every plant species examined to date and recognized as potential sources of novel natural products for exploitation in medicine, agriculture, and industry, Recently many endophytic bioactive metabolites, possessing a wide variety of biological activities as antibiotic, antitumor, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. have been identified. The current interest is focused on the exploitation of endophytic microorganisms for the production of drugs used in treating AIDS, malaria, arthritis and for regulation of immune system. The microorganisms such as endophytes may be very interesting for biotechnological production of bioactive substances as medicinally important agents. The potential prospects of exploiting endophytic microorganisms for finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants and animals.

P-068

On‐Line HPLC‐DPPH Screening Method for Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of Phenols Extracted from Natural Products

Authors: Patel K., Gupta S., Mehta P., Gandhi D.

Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University Email:‐ [email protected]

A novel screening method for the antioxidants are achieved by on‐line HPLC using the DPPH (2, 2’‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical. An on‐line HPLC‐DPPH screening method for phenolic antioxidants in agricultural and natural products such as sweet potato leaf, burdock root, carrot leaf, lettuce, lemon balm and apple is applied in order to estimate the contribution ratio of each phenol to total antioxidant activity for those samples. Various antioxidants including gallic acid, myricetin 3‐rhamnoside, quercetin 3‐rhamnoside, kaempferol 3‐rhamnoside, europetin 3‐rhamnosideand rhamnetin 3‐rhamnoside are detected using the screening method. The on‐line method is applied for quantitative analysis of the antioxidants. A linear dependence of negative peak area on concentration of antioxidants is observed. For validation of the on‐line method the limit of detection, LOD (µg/ml), and the limit of quantification, LOQ (µg/ml), of the phenolic compounds are determined. The methods have been combined with on‐line DAD (Diode Array Detector), MS and NMR detection for rapid identification of active constituents. The proposed screening method using on‐line HPLC‐DPPH seems to be useful for the detection of antioxidants because of its high sensitivity and ease of handling. The method is advantageous for the determination of individual antioxidants in complex mixtures with simple operation. The greatest benefit of the method is that, besides the quantification by UV detection, the radical scavenging activity of a single substance can be measured and its contribution to the overall activity of a mixture of antioxidants can be calculated.




"The Revival Interest in

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