figurative languages used in guns n' roses' songs and its

1

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES USED IN GUNS N’ ROSES’ SONGS AND ITS

CONTRIBUTION TO ENGLISH LEARNING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THESIS

Submitted as The Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for Sarjana Pendidikan

(S.Pd) Degree in English Education of Mataram University

BY:

JUNAIDI MUKHTAR

E1D114057

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MATARAM UNIVERSITY

2019

i

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Telp. (0370) 623873 Fax. 634928 Mataram 83125

APPROVAL

This thesis entitled:



By:

Junaidi Mukhtar

E1D114057

Has been approved on

First Advisor,

Dr. Lalu Muhaimi, M. Pd

NIP. 19600416198703 1 002

Second Advisor,

Dr. H. Nuriadi, SS, M. Hum

NIP. 19760923200801 1 008

Acknowledged by:

Head of Language and Art Department

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

The University of Mataram

Drs. Siti Rohana Hariana Intiana, M. Pd

NIP. 19660331199303 2 002

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DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Telp. (0370) 623873 Fax. 634928 Mataram 83125

RATIFICATION

This is to certify that the Board of Examiners has approved this thesis written by

Junaidi Mukhtar as the requirement to achieve the Sarjana Degree of Education in

English Department University of Mataram on

Board of Examiners:

Chairman,

Dr. Lalu Muhaimi, M. Pd

NIP. 19600416198703 1 002

First Member, Second Member,

Dr. H. Nuriadi, SS., M. Hum

NIP. 19760923200801 1 008

Acknowledged by:

Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

The University of Mataram

Prof. Dr. A. Wahab Jufri, M.Sc.

NIP. 19621225 198703 1 001

Mh. Isnaini, SS., M.A.

19790820200501 1 002

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MOTTO:

If you love at something, just never give up to keep practicing and learning it

until give up is the only choice.

DEDICATION:

This thesis is dedicated to:

My beloved parents (Murdani and Jumini) and my grateful brothers ( Suhud Insani)

for their never ending love, prayers and supports. Also to all of my friends that

always support me.

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CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT

I certify that this thesis entitled FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES USED

IN GUNS N’ ROSES’ SONGS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO

ENGLISH LEARNING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL is submitted as

partial fulfillment for the requirement of the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) and

it is the result of my own work. This thesis has never been submitted for higher

degree either to any other universities or institutions.

Mataram, April 2019

The Researcher

Junaidi Mukhtar

NIM. E1D 114 057

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah, the lord of universe. I would like to thank

Him for His blessings, mercies, health and chance given during composing this

thesis. This thesis is written to fulfill the requirement to get the degree of Sarjana

Pendidikan at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram.

I realize that I cannot complete this thesis without the advice, suggestion,

support and encouragement from many people. So, I would like to express highest of

gratitude to:

1. Prof. Dr. A. Wahab Jufri, M.Sc., as the Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and

Education, University of Mataram.

2. Dra. Siti Rohana Hariana Intiana, M. Pd., as the Head of Language and Art

Department.

3. Dr. Muhammad Amin, M.Tesol, as the Head of English Education Program.

4. Dr. Lalu Muhaimi, M. Pd as my first thesis advisor, and Dr. H. Nuriadi, SS., M.

Hum as my second advisor, who have helped me a lot and given me

encouragement to complete this thesis.

5. All lecturers of English Education Program at Faculty of Teacher Training and

Education who have taught me amount of worthy knowledge and experience.

6. All of my comrades in English Education Program (Ardian, Habib, Nael, Islam,

Ridho’, Rendy, Meidy, Nelyska, Melita, Cahyati, Nita, Nila, Maria and others), as

having the same struggle. Thank you for sharing and helping me during this thesis

accomplishment.

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7. My beloved parent (Murdan and Jumini) and my grateful brother (Suhud Insani)

for their never ending love, prayers and supports.

8. All people who have given their time to help and walk beside me. I pray to Allah to

always give them goodness.

Finally, I realize that this thesis is still not perfect. I hope any suggestions and

corrections to make it better. I expect this thesis can be useful for the improvement of

English teaching, especially for me and for the readers in general.

Mataram, April 2019

The Researcher

Junaidi Mukhtar

NIM. E1D 114 057

vii



JUNAIDI MUKHTAR

E1D114057

ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “Figurative Languages Used in Guns N’ Roses Songs and

Its Contribution to English Learning at Senior High School”. The figurative

languages found in Guns N’ Roses’ Songs are analyzed into three aspects that are the

types, meanings, and the contributions toward English learning. The writer uses the

Formalism theory and Constructivism theory as the theoretical approach to analyze

the figurative languages and the contributions of three songs of Guns N’ Roses. In

this study, the writer applied qualitative method. The writer focuses on ten types of

figurative languages analysis, those are symbol, metonymy, hyperbole, repetition,

simile, metaphor, personification, imagery, synecdoche, and allusion. The data of

study acquired from three songs of Guns N’ Roses. Those songs are from three

albums, Appetite for Destruction (1987), Use Your Illusion I (1991), Use Your

Illusion II (1991) and after analyzing the data of this study, the writer found thirty-

fives (35) expressions from ten types of figurative languages. They are six symbols,

six metonymies, four hyperboles, seven repetitions, one simile, three metaphors, one

personification, five imageries, one synecdoche, one allusion. Repetition expression

is the most figurative language used in three songs of Guns N’ Roses. In addition, this

study gives contributions toward English learning. The data found that this study

gives contributions to English learning at Senior High School such as listening,

translating the song, sing the song, learn about grammar and learn new vocabulary.

Key words: Figurative Languages, Guns N’ Roses, Song Lyric, Analysis.

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LIST OF CONTENTS

COVER

APPROVAL......................................................................................................... i

RATIFICATION ................................................................................................. ii

MOTTO ............................................................................................................... iii

CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT ......................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ v

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1

1.2 Research Questions .................................................................................... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................. 3

1.4 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope and limitation of the Study .............................................................. 4

1.6 The definition of Key Terms ...................................................................... 4

1.6.1 Figurative Language................................................................................ 5

1.6.2 Lyric ........................................................................................................ 5

1.6.3 Guns N’ Roses......................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................. . 6

2.1 Relevant Previous Studies ......................................................................... . 6

2.2. Figurative Languages ............................................................................... 7

2.2.1 Metaphor ................................................................................................. 8

2.2.2 Simile ……………………………………………….. ........................... 9

2.2.3 Symbol ………………………………………………. .......................... 9

2.2.4 Personification ……………………………………………………........ 10

2.2.5 Synecdoche ............................................................................................ 10

2.2.6 Metonymy .............................................................................................. 11

2.2.7 Paradox ................................................................................................... 12

2.2.8 Hyperbole ............................................................................................... 12

2.2.9 Irony ....................................................................................................... 13

2.2.10 Allusion ................................................................................................ 13

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2.2.11 Onomatopoeia ...................................................................................... 14

2.2.12 Litotes ................................................................................................... 14

2.2.13 Imagery ................................................................................................ 15

2.2.14 Repetition ............................................................................................. 15

2.3 Meaning .................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................ 16

2.4.1 Formalism Theory .................................................................................. 16

2.4.2 Constructivism Theory .......................................................................... 16

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 18

3.1 Research Design ....................................................................................... 18

3.2 Sources of Data and the Data .................................................................... 18

3.2.1 Primary ................................................................................................... 18

3.2.2 Secondary .............................................................................................. 18

3.3 Methods of collecting the data .................................................................. 19

3.4 Method of analyzing the data .................................................................... 19

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................... 21

4.1 Results of the Study .................................................................................. 21

4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................. 23

4.2.1 Welcome to the Jungle – Guns N Roses ................................................ 23

4.2.1.1 The meaning of Figurative Languages ................................................ 25

4.2.2 November Rain – Guns N Roses ........................................................... 31

4.2.2.1 The meaning of Figurative Languages ............................................... 34

4.2.3 Knocking on Heaven’s Door – Guns N Roses ....................................... 41

4.2.3.1 The meaning of Figurative Languages ................................................ 42

4.3. The contribution of Figurative Languages to English Learning .............. 46

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................... 48

5.1 Conclusion................................................................................................. 48

5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................. 48

REFERENCES

LIST OF APPENDICES

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is a system of conventional spoken or written symbols used by

people for communicating with each other. People use language to deliver or to

receive information, to interact with each other, and to make a relation in daily social

life. In receiving information, someone has to understand the intended meaning.

Hornby (2008:7) states that language is a system of sounds, words, and pattern used

by human thoughts and feeling. He also states that language may refer to the

specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of

communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex

communication.

The language of the lyrics in western music is not only using denotative

meaning to express message from the singer but also use connotative meaning.

Connotative meaning happens because the singer wishes to make agreement,

disagreement, happiness, unhappiness for the listeners. In addition, so much

information from many kinds of literature use non literal meaning of words. For

example, to make the song more interesting and imaginative, the lyric of the songs

uses figurative language.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication

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The researcher is interested in analyzing the lyrics of Guns N’ Roses’ songs

because, in the lyrics, many expressions from the band that imagined about condition

or situation which the band got. So, the researcher found figurative language in lyrics

to express the emotion from singer to more interesting. In analyzing this research, the

researcher uses figurative languages such as metaphor, simile, personification,

synecdoche, metonymy, symbol, paradox and irony, etc.

Related to the description above, the researcher studies figurative language

used in the lyrics of Guns N’ Roses songs. Besides, the researcher finds some kinds

of figurative language that is used, He also studies about the meaning of figurative

language that is used in selected lyrics of Guns N’ Roses songs. Also its contribution

to English learning in senior high school, as we know that music has so many

listeners and the majority of music’s listeners are teenagers.

In this research, the researcher chooses three songs of Guns N Roses to be

analyzed. They are Welcome to The Jungle, November Rain, and Knocking on

Heaven’s Door. By studying and analyzing figurative language in Welcome to The

Jungle, November Rain, and Knocking on Heaven’s Door song lyrics of Guns N

Roses, the researcher suggests that these lyrics should be given as an alternative topic

in the literary class since it has several values to be delivered to students and the

lyrics are interesting to be read and to be analyzed, these three songs have so many

figurative languages that are used in the lyrics.

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1.2 Research Questions

Related to the backgrounds of the study above, there are three research questions

raised in this study:

1. What are figurative languages used in the Guns N’ Roses’ songs?

2. What are the meanings of figurative languages in the Guns N’ Roses’ songs?

3. What are the contributions of the figurative languages to the English Learning at

Senior High School?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

In the line with the research problems above the purpose of this study:

1. To identify and describe the figurative languages used in Guns N’ Roses’ songs.

2. To identify and describe the meaning of figurative languages in the Guns N Roses’

songs.

3. To identify and describe the contribution of Guns N’ Roses’ songs to English

learning at Senior High School

1.4 Significance of the Study

There are two significances of this study. Those are theoretical and practical

significances.

1. Theoretically

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This study is expected to enrich the study of figurative languages in

English, especially to help more understanding the meanings or its contribution to

English learning.

2. Practically

It is hoped that the research findings of the study will give benefit to:

a. Writer

The study is a very significant and useful. It will give some valuable

experiences and it can be used for the preparation of the writer as a candidate

of teacher.

b. Reader

This study makes everyone knows and understands better about

figurative language, because when we study about language especially song,

we will find kinds of figurative language used in word that are interesting.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Based on the background of the problem stated above, the researcher specifies

about The Analysis of Figurative Language in Guns N’ Roses songs lyric.

Besides that, the researcher will also analyze the contribution of Figurative

Language in Guns N Roses’ songs to English learning at Senior High School.

1.6 The definition of Key Term

To make this research more intelligible, the researcher found some key terms.

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1.6.1 Figurative languages

Figurative languages are words, phrases or expression in which meaning of

the words or phrase or expression are different from literal language. Figurative

languages are used for comparison, clarity or emphasis. Figurative languages are

language or expression used verbally in order to describe or figure out one

intention, idea, or message of one speaker. The terms sometime called as a figure

of speech (Nuriadi in Apriono, 2017:10)

1.6.2 Lyrics

Lyric is any fairly short poem, consisting of the utterance by a single speaker,

who expresses a state of mind or a process of perception, thought, and feeling.

Many lyric speakers are represented as musing in solitude. In dramatic lyrics,

however, the lyric speaker is represented as addressing another person in a

specific situation (Abrams, 1999:146).

1.6.3 Guns N’ Roses

Guns N Roses often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from

Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985. When they signed to Geffen Records in

1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist

Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current

lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardist Dizzy Reed, guitarist

Richard Fortus, drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

2.1 Relevant Previous Studies

Previous studies are the result of research from the researcher before. Some

research related to figurative languages have been conducted by some researchers

such as:

An Analysis on Figurative Language Used in Selected Poem of Emily

Dickinson by Eny Anawati. 2010/2011. STAIN Tulungagumg. This research use

descriptive qualitative research design. The writer used objective approach because

the writer only studied this research. The analyses of figurative use table, every

couplet in poem include in table then the explanation of the poem take in out of the

table. This study compared the meaning and messages of figurative language in this

poem.

Yatma from IAIN Tulungagung (2015), in her research entitled An Analysis

on Figurative Language Used in Short Stories written by O. Henry‖. The researcher

analyzed about kinds of figurative language found in short stories written by O.

Henry and found the meaning and message in stories written by O. Henry. In this

study, the theory that used by the researcher is Katz, Littlemore, and Kerafe. In her

research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative based on its purpose. The

research finding that the short stories contain type of figurative language, meaning

and message. They are: (1) rhetoric, (2) asyndeton, (3) litotes, (4) metonymy, (5)

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metaphor, (6) repetition, (7) ellipsis, (8) aptronym, (9) euphemism, (10)

personification, (11) hyperbole, (12) simile, and (13) pleonasm. Rina’s study helped

the researcher to get more understanding about figurative language.

In this research, the object of this study will use the song lyric. And also used

different method, what is being analyzed. In previous study, the researchers tend to

use qualitative research method. Then, the researcher find out the frequency of each

types of figurative language found in song lyrics of Guns N Roses that are

contributed to English learning at senior high school.

2.2 Figurative Languages

Figurative language is language that is used on a word or phrase that does not

have its normal every day, literal meaning. It is deviation from the usage of language

ordinary. The meaning of words or series of word are used to reach and produce a

certain effect. Figurative language or language style is an attractive language which is

use to increase the effect by introducing and comparing an object or certain matter or

more general soothing else. So, the usage of a certain language style earns to alter and

make certain connotative. (Henry. 2009:4).

Figurative language or style is a way of showing mind through a special

language that shows the soul and the characteristic of the writer (language user),

(Groys 2009:113).

There are many types of figurative language such as: metaphor, simile,

symbols, hyperbola, irony, etc. But in general, the figurative language is

differentiated into four groups, they are: confirmation, comparison, opposition, and

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allusion. These figurative languages are famous in society, and also in the field of

education starting from elementary school up to the senior high school and university

level, (Nyoman 2009:3).

From the explanation above, it is considered that figurative language deals

with language which use figure of speech and language cannot be taken literary only

and it is used to express the inner feeling of the writer.

There are many types of figurative language:

1. Metaphor

Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else, which in a literal

sense, it is not. It does not use connective words such as like or as. Kennedy,

(1979: 490). It means that metaphor only makes sense when the similarities

between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection.

Other definition is given by Keraf (1994: 139) Metaphor is variety of analogy

which compare two things directly, but in short pattern. It means that between

subject and object have same attributes, and writer uses it to compares it to

another. For example:

1) He has a heart of stone.

2) “Oh, my love is red, red rose

The meaning of heart of stone is the man cannot accept opinion from others

because his heart is hard like a stone. For the second example, this sentence

compares a love with a rose that has a red colour, red means brave, so love is

brave, brave to face obstacle and fight to get love.

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2. Simile.

Kennedy (1979:490) affirms that simile is comparison of two things, indicated

by some connective, usually like, as, than or verb such as resembles. Generally,

simile is defined as a type of figurative language that used to explain the

resemblance of two objects (in shape, colour, characteristic etc).

For example:

1) As easy as shooting fish in a barrel.

2) Her eyes are like a star, east star

The first example is doing something that people think is hard but he makes it

is very easy and simple. For the second example, the word “eyes” and “east star”,

expression can be called explicit comparison because it expresses those words with

the same purpose. The both of the example above used the key word like and as to

compare between two unlike things.

3. Symbol.

According to Diyanni (2004:569) symbol is any object or action that

represents something beyond its literal self. An apple pie, for example, can

represent an American Lifestyle. Natural symbols like light and darkness, fire and

water can stand for contradictory things. The meaning of any symbol whether an

object, an action, or a gesture, is controlled by its context. A symbol can be

defined simply as any object or action that means more than itself. For example:

1) Music is nature’s painkiller. Sing him a song.

2) I’m ready on jail.

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The meaning of statement above is the man dislike music, and the meaning of

the second sentence, the man is ready with anything happen with him. Because the

painkiller and jail here.

4. Personification.

Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract

term (truth or nature) is made human (Kennedy, 1979:495). Personification gives

human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or ideas. This can really affect

the way the reader imagines things. This is used in children’s books, poetry, and

fictional literature. Other definition is given by Potter, (1967: 54). He defines that

personification is figure of speech in imaginative something, which does not have

soul as though they have human characteristic.

For example:

1) The sun played hide and seek with the clouds.

2) The sky was full of dancing stars.

The meaning of the first statement is the weather of that day is always change,

and the meaning of the second statement, the sky of that night is very beautiful

because full of stars. Both of the sentences above describe the sun and the sky is

played and dancing as human does. The word “played” and “dancing” has a

connotative meaning.

5. Synecdoche.

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Synecdoche is the use of part a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa

(Kennedy, 1979: 479). From the definition above a synecdoche is a figure of

speech in which a part is used for the whole.

For example:

1) All eyes on me.

2) Well, because Medicare doesn’t cover old ladies falling off of giant bees. Get

down.

The meaning of the first example, all of people is looking at her. The meaning

of the second statement, Medicare is not always covering all of old ladies of their

sickness. The words eyes and giant bees are used to designate a part thing for the

whole.

6. Metonymy.

According to Perrine (1978:57), metonymy is the use of something closely

related for the thing actually meant. It is figure of speech which the name of one

object is replaced by another which is closely associated with it.

For example:

1) Somebody wants your love so open the door.

2) The pen is mightier than the sword.

The meaning of the first sentence is someone falling in love and asking girl

for accepting his love. The second example describe not only sword, weapon,

knife that can hurt of someone else, but pen can hurt other as sharp as sword. Both

sentences is closely related to the thing actually meant.

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7. Paradox.

Paradox is statement which seems to contain two opposite facts but is or may

be true (Oxford, 1991:298). Paradox occurs in a statement that at first strikes us as

self-contradictory but that on reflection make some sense (Kennedy, 1979: 497).

For example:

1) He was dead in the middle of his riches.

2) We just need to move quickly but carefully.

The meaning of the first statement is the man was dead when he was in the

top in his riches has much money. The meaning of the second statement is they

need to move as fast as possible but carefully. The both of example are

contradictory statement because it has make sense.

8. Hyperbole.

Kennedy (1983:496) affirms hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement

containing exaggeration. It can be ridiculous or funny. Hyperboles can be added to

fiction to add colour and depth to a character. Hyperbole is figure of speech that it

is intentional exaggeration or overstating, often for emphasis or vivid descriptive.

Hyperboles can be added to fiction to add colour and depth to a character.

For example:

1) I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.

2) He was so hungry, he ate that whole cornfield for lunch, stalks and all.

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The meaning of the first sentence is he walks to school in the snow it make

like walk so far like 15 miles away. The second statement describe that he ate so

much because very hungry. The statement above is expression of over-statement.

9. Irony.

The last contradictory figurative language is irony. Irony has a meaning that

extends beyond its use merely as a figure of speech. According to (Diyyani

2004:933), irony almost arises from a contrast or discrepancy between what

happens and what has been expected to happen.

For example:

1) You are so discipline because you come the meeting at 8.00 o’clock.

2) Your house is very beautiful because there are so many things on the floor

The meaning of the first example is the employee come too late at the

meeting. The meaning of the second statement is the house is very dirty because

there are many things in everywhere. The statement above is a contrast between

what happens and what has been expected to happen.

10. Allusion.

Allusion is figurative language that show indirectly forwards a person or even

that people have known together (Potter, 1967:145)

For example: Many victims caused by Nazi.

Nazi was a military organization that was leaded by Adolf Hitler, this

organization was known as cruel organization, it members might be killed all by

14

the enemies and did not pay attention toward its enemies women, children, old

people, all were killed by them.

11. Onomatopoeia

Perrine (2011: 65) states that onomatopoeia is the use of words which, at least

supposedly, sound like what they mean, such as hiss, snap, and bang (2011: 198).

Onomatopoeia (on-uh-mat-uh-pee-uh) is a word that describes a natural sound or

the sound made by an object or a certain action. Dad lit the fuse, and “POW!” the

firecracker exploded. A horrible “Crash!” sounded as the vase hit the floor.

Remember the “Zoom!” “Zap!” “Pow!” on the old TV shows?

The researcher describes that onomatopoeia is the use of words that mimic

sounds, they appeal to our sense of hearing and bring a description to the hearer.

In its simplest form, onomatopoeia is produced by a single word that sounds like

the thing it refers to: "Six burgers were sizzling on the grill." "A snake slithered

through the grass."

12. Litotes

Litotes is opposite from hyperbole. It is kind of understatement where the

speaker uses negative of a word ironically, to mean the opposite. According

Hornby (2000:451), litotes is expression of one’s meaning by saying something is

the direct opposite of one’s thought, it to make someone’s remarks forceful.

For example:

1) Welcome to my ugly palace

2) It was no easy matter.

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The meaning of the first example is a luxury place, where the king lives with

luxurious. The meaning of the second statement is the man always things carefully

when problem come, and not makes it simple and easy.

13. Imagery

Imagery may be defined as the representation through language of sense

experience. The word image perhaps most often suggest a mental picture, something

seen in the mind’s eye Perrine (2011: 49). Imagery can be interpreted as mental

picture, that is picture, photograph, or painting of thought created as result from the

reader when they comprehend a poetry. Imagery may be defines as imagination of

something that the writer thought then interpret it on the sentence of song lyrics.

In imagery, the author uses a word to make a sense to create a certain picture

in the reader’s mind. Imagery usually uses a sensory details. For example, “The sweet

scent of green tea had met us as she opened the door.”

14. Repetition

Repetition is figurative language, which used by writer to repeat several

words in the sentence. As mentioned by Keraf (2009:127) repetition is repeating

sound, words or a whole of word in sentence for intensifying in suitable context.

Example: “Put your arms for me Put your arms around me” This is an

example of repetition. Repetition usually is used to give stressing.

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2.3 Meaning

The meaning is the intention or idea of speaker or writer about meaning given

in the form of language, Daniel (2004:43). In other hand, Cowie (2009:6-10) said that

there are two part in meaning,

1. Multiple meaning

We have note that units of meaning are not always confined to simple words,

and that, as rule, the forms of these words do not reliably indicated their meaning.

2. Meaningful relation

So far we have been considering the relationship between lexical items and

their meanings.

1.4 Theoretical Framework

1.4.1 Formalism Theory

Formalism is a theory which focused on the uses of language

in literary work. One of the uses of language in figurative language is

figure of speech.

Formalism means the approach in literary science and criticism

that overrides biographical, psychological, ideological and

sociological data and directs its attention to the form of literary work

itself (Taum, 1995: 31).

1.4.2 Constructivism Theory

Constructivism is theory that processing the assimilation and

related to the experiences or lessons that learned with the

17

understanding that the learned already have, so that their knowledge

can be developed.

Constructivism as a paradigm or worldview posits that learning

is an active, constructive process. The learner is an information

constructor. People actively construct or create their own subjective

representations of objective reality. New information is linked to to

prior knowledge, thus mental representations are subjective (Piaget,

1980: 21)

18

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design

The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach.

Descriptive qualitative means to describe what actually happen to procedures

about method which are useful in research. Descriptive qualitative approach does

not apply the detail arithmetic calculation or statistic contains sentences or

description of the objects.

It describes the kinds and general meaning of figurative language used in

Guns N Roses songs lyric, and its contribution to English learning. Based on the

description above, the design of this research is categorized into semantic content

analysis. Content Analysis in literary work relies on three important assumptions

of literary works.

3.2 Sources of Data and the Data

In this study, there are two sources of data: Primary data and Secondary data.

a. Primary

In this research, primary data will be taken from three songs of Guns N’

Roses, they are:

Welcome to the Jungle

19

November Rain

Knocking on Heaven’s Door

b. Secondary

The researcher got the secondary data from internet, history books,

articles, and reviews of reasearch about the lyrics of Guns N Roses’

songs.

3.3 Methods of collecting the data

The method of collecting the data in this study is documenting method. This

method focuses in collecting information from books, dictionary, website. These

are the steps:

1. Read the song lyric of Guns N Roses selected song.

Read the lyric of the song Welcome to The Jungle, November Rain,

and Knocking On Heaven’s Door.

2. Take note of the data.

Take a note which is the figurative languages that is found in the songs

Welcome to The Jungle, November Rain, and Knocking On Heaven’s

Door.

3.4 Method of analyzing the data

This study uses descriptive method in context of formalism theory. In doing

analysis the writer uses procedures as follow:

1. Identification

20

After collect the data the writer identifies the data based on the kinds

of figurative languages, which focus on literal and nonliteral meaning of

figurative languages to make it easier in classifying data.

2. Classification

The writer classifying each figurative language according to some of

the points based on the kinds of figurative languages.

3. Description

After classifying the figurative languages, the researcher describes the

figurative languages that are used in songs Welcome To The Jungle,

November Rain, Knocking On Heaven’s Door.

4. Explanation

After describing the figurative languages that are used in the songs, the

researcher explains about each of figurative languages in the songs.

5. Conclusion

After explaining the figurative languages that are used, the researcher

concludes all the data that have been gotten.

21

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results of the Study

In this research, there are three songs that have been analyzed. They are

Welcome to the Jungle, November Rain, and Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door by Guns N

Roses. In each song, the researcher found ten types of figurative languages. They are

symbol, metonymy, hyperbole, repetition, simile, metaphor, personification, imagery,

synecdoche, and allusion.

The researcher found thirty fours figurative languages in song Welcome to the

Jungle, November Rain, and Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door by Guns N Roses. They are

six symbols, five metonymies, four hyperboles, seven repetitions, one simile, three

metaphors, one personification, five imageries, one synecdoche, one allusion. The

most figurative used in the song Welcome to the Jungle, November Rain, and

Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door is repetition. In the song Welcome to the Jungle, there

are four symbols, four metonymies, three hyperboles, two repetitions, one simile. In

the song November Rain, there are one imagery, two metaphors, two metonymies,

four repetitions, one synecdoche, two symbols, and one personification. In the song

Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door, there are four imageries, one allusion, one hyperbole,

one repetition, one metaphor. The researcher reveals five contributions of the study in

English learning at Senior High School.

22

4.2 Discussion

4.2.1 Welcome to the Jungle – Guns N Roses

No. Types of Figurative Languages Lyrics Lines

1. Symbol Welcome to the jungle 1

2. Hyperbole We got everything you want 3

3. Hyperbole We are the people that can find

whatever you may need

5-6

4. Repetition

Watch it bring you to your knees,

knees

11-12

5. Metonymy I wanna watch you bleed 13

6. Metonymy But it’s the price you pay 17

7. Symbol You can taste the bright lights,

but you won’t get them for free

20-21

8. Metonymy I wanna hear you scream 25

9. Hyperbole It gets worse here everyday 27

10. Simile Ya learn ta live like an animal 28

23

11. Symbol In the jungle where we play 29

12. Symbol If you got a hunger for what you

see, you’ll take it eventually

30-31

13. Repetition Ever want to come down, so

down, down, yeah!

40

4.2.1.1 The meaning of Figurative Languages

1. Welcome to the jungle – Symbol

The first line in the first stanza of the lyric uses symbol because the

word the jungle here means the city where the singer’s live. The singer wants

to tell us that the city where they live is wild, dark and free just like in the

jungle. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when the people

welcoming the stranger to their place so the stranger could imagine how it

feels when living in that place. This is relevance with the theory of Diyanni

(2004:569) that symbol is any object or action that represents something

beyond its literal self.

2. We got everything you want – hyperbole

The lyric is in the third line of the first stanza. The type of this lyric

uses hyperbole because the word everything here is an exaggeration’s word.

24

The singer wants to tell us that we can get all the thing we want but we know

we can’t always get all we want in one place. This kind of figurative language

is commonly used when the people wants to convince another people for

something so that the people that is convinced would be fascinated. This is

relevance with the theory of Kennedy (1983:496) that hyperbole is

emphasizing a point with statement containing exaggeration

3. We are the people that can find whatever you may need – Hyperbole

This lyric is in the fifth to sixth line of the first stanza. This type of

lyric uses hyperbole. In the lyric we are the people that can find whatever you

may need, as if the people in the town have anything that the anyone’s need. It

states that they can find whatever the people may need. This is truly an

exaggeration, whereas we know that everyone cannot truly find what

everyone’s needed. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

the people wants to convince another people for something so that the people

that is convinced will be interested for it. Kennedy (1983:496) defined that

hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement containing exaggeration.

4. Watch it bring you to your knees, knees – Repetition

In the eleventh to twelfth lines of the second stanza, the researcher

found this lyric. The type of this lyric is repetition because the word knees is

repeated. The singer wants to tell us that we can be genuflected in the city

25

because of its condition and atmosphere of the city. This kind of figurative

language is commonly used when someone wants to affirm someone else for

something. This is relevance with the theory of Keraf (2009:127) that

repetition is repeating sound, words or a whole of word in sentence for

intensifying in suitable context.

5. I wanna watch you bleed – Metonymy

In the thirteenth lines of the second stanza, the researcher found this

lyric. The type of this lyric is metonymy because the word bleed here can

substitute the same expression like suffering, he/she are not really bleeding.

The singer wants to tell us that we can be suffered in the city if we cannot

protect ourselves. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

someone wants to express the pain or something. This is relevance with the

theory of Perrine (1978:57) that metonymy is the use of something closely

related for the thing actually meant. It is figure of speech which the name of

one object is replaced by another which is closely associated with it.

6. But it’s the price you pay – Metonymy

This lyric is in the seventeenth lines of the third stanza. The type of the

lyric is metonymy because price the pay can substitute the same expression

like taking the consequent for something he/she did. It is not truly paying the

price of something. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

26

someone wants to expressed that something in this life has its own reward or

retribution. This is relevance with the theory of Perrine (1978:57) that

metonymy is the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant.

It is figure of speech which the name of one object is replaced by another

which is closely associated with it.

7. You can taste the bright lights, but you won’t get them for free – Symbol

This lyric is in the twentieth to twenty-first line of the third stanza. The

type of this this lyric is symbol because the word bright lights is not truly

meant by the light that shines bright. The word bright lights here mean

happiness, the singer wants to tell that you can have happiness but it’s not

easy to get them. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

someone wants to symbolizes that the happiness is not easy to get in that city.

This relevance with the theory of Diyanni (2004:569) that symbol is any

object or action that represents something beyond its literal self.

8. I wanna hear you scream – Metonymy

These lyrics are in the twenty-fifth line of the fourth stanza. The type

of the lyric is metonymy because the word scream can substitute the same

expression like suffering because something happened to him/her. This kind

of figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to describe

another thing that is linked to the particular thing. In these lyrics, the singer

27

wants to describe that people who living in the city might be suffered if they

cant protect themselves. This is relevance with the theory of Perrine (1978:57)

that metonymy is the use of something closely related for the thing actually

meant. It is figure of speech which the name of one object is replaced by

another which is closely associated with it.

9. It gets worse here everyday – Hyperbole

These lyrics are in the twenty-seventh line of the fifth stanzas. The

type of the lyric is hyperbole because the word everyday stated that it is an

exaggeration. That’s an exaggeration because there could be a day with no

worse at all, instead of gets worse everyday. This kind of figurative language

is commonly used when someone wants to exaggerates something, typically

in serious or humorous way. This is relevance with the theory of Kennedy

(1983:496) that hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement containing

exaggeration.

10. Ya learn ta live like an animal – Simile

These lyrics are in the twenty-eight line of the fifth stanzas. The type

of this lyric is simile because there is word “like” whereas that is the sign of

simile. The singer wants to tell us that living in the city is hard and difficult

just like the animal living in the jungle. This figurative language is commonly

used when someone wants to compare two things directly, usually used like or

28

as. This is relevance with the theory of Kennedy (1979:490) that simile is

comparison of two things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, than

or verb such as resembles.

11. In the jungle where we play – Symbol

These lyrics are in the twenty-ninth line of the fifth stanzas. The type

of the lyric is symbol because the jungle and play mean city and live. The

singer use jungle to symbolize the city where he live, and play symbolized

that the singer live there. This kind of figurative language is commonly used

when someone wants to represent something entirely different. This is

relevance with the theory of Diyanni (2004:569) that symbol is any object or

action that represents something beyond its literal self.

12. If you got a hunger for what you see, you’ll take it eventually – Symbol

These lyrics are in the thirty first line of the fifth stanzas. The type of

the lyric is symbol because word hunger means desire. The singer wants to

tell that if you have desire for what you want, you might be get them in the

end, but you must try hard to get them. This kind of figurative language is

commonly used when someone wants to symbolize or represent something

that is entirely different. This is relevance with the theory of Diyanni



29

13. Ever want to come down, so down, down, yeah! – Repetition

These lyrics are in the fortieth lines of the seventh stanzas. The type of

this lyric is repetition because the word down is repeated. The singer wants to

tell us that if you were obsessed with something in the city, you will never

want to return because you will be addicted to it. This is relevance with the

theory of Keraf (2009:127) that repetition is repeating sound, words or a

whole of word in sentence for intensifying in suitable context.

4.2.2 November Rain – Guns N Roses


1. Imagery When I look into your eyes, I

can see a love restrained

1-2

2. Metaphor And it’s hard to hold a candle, in

the cold November Rain

7-8

3. Metonymy We’ve been through this such a

long long time just tryin’ to kill

the pain

9-10

4. Repetition But lovers always come and

lovers always go

11

30

5. Synecdoche I could rest my head just

knowin’ that you were mine

16-17

6. Metaphor Or I’ll just end up walkin’ in the

cold November Rain

21-22

7. Repetition Do you need some time… on

your own…do you need some

time… all alone

23-24

8. Metonymy I know it’s hard to keep an open

heart, when even friends seem

out to harm you

27-28

9. Personification Wouldn’t time be out to charm

you

30

10. Repetition Sometimes I need some time…

on my own …Sometimes I need

some time… all alone

31-32

11. Symbol And when your fears subside

and shadows still remains

35-36

12. Symbol So never mind the darkness, we 39-40

31

still can find the way

13. Repetition Don’t ya think that you need

somebody…Don’t you think that

you need someone

43-44


1. When I look into your eyes, I can see a love restrained – imagery

These lyrics are on the first to second lines of the first stanza. The type

of the lyric used imagery because it has a visual representation about love, and

also the word look represents the sense of sight. The singer wants to tell us

that her love for him (the singer) is no longer present, but he sees how it can

be recovered. He feels that her love is just buried deep in her heart, so she

doesn’t feel it. However, he believes that he can dig it once again. This kind

of figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to represent

objects, actions, ideas in such a way that are related to our physical senses.

This is relevance with the theory of Perrine (2011: 49) that imagery may be

32

defined as the representation through language of sense experience. The word

image perhaps most often suggest a mental picture, something seen in the

mind’s eye.

2. And it’s hard to hold a candle, in the cold November Rain – Metaphor

These lyrics are on seventh to eighth lines in the second stanzas. The

type of the lyric is metaphor because the lyric uses word is as a connector. It is

also the characteristic of metaphor, that is the definition of something.

November rain here means the absence of her love, and the candle is his love

(the singer). So the singer wants to tell us that it’s difficult to love someone

who does not return the feeling. In other way, his love is unrequited. This kind

of figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to describe an

object or action in a way that is not literally true, but helps explain an idea or

make a comparison. This is relevance with the theory of Kennedy (1979: 490)

that Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else, which in a

literal sense, it is not. It does not use connective words such as like or as.

3. We’ve been through this such a long long time just tryin’ to kill the pain –

Metonymy

These lyrics are on ninth to tenth lines in the third stanzas. The type of

the lyric is metonymy because the word kill can substitute the same

expression like dispelling the pain that the singer and his lover felt. The singer

wants to tell us that they both have found ways to coping the pain, rather than

trying to heal it. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

33

someone wants to replace an object by another one that is related. This is

relevance with the theory of Perrine (1978:57) that metonymy is the use of

something closely related for the thing actually meant. It is figure of speech

which the name of one object is replaced by another which is closely

associated with it.

4. But lovers always come and lovers always go – Repetition

These lyrics are on eleventh lines in the fourth stanzas. The type of

this lyric is repetition because the word lovers and always are repeated. The

singer wants to tell us that neither of both know who will be leaved, he or his

lover. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when someone

wants to affirm something that he meant. This is relevance with the theory of

Keraf (2009:127) that repetition is repeating sound, words or a whole of word

in sentence for intensifying in suitable context.

5. I could rest my head just knowin’ that you were mine – synecdoche

These lyrics are on sixteenth to seventeenth lines in the fifth stanzas.

The type of the lyric is synecdoche because the word head is part of body.

The truly mean is the singer could rest, whole part of his body, not only his

head. The singer wants to tell us that whenever he and his lover were actually

stop and discuss the future of the relationship and make a final decision, he

could rest. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when someone

wants to represent the whole by a part of it. This is relevance with the theory

34

of Kennedy (1979: 479) that synecdoche is the use of part a thing to stand for

the whole of it or vice versa. It is a figure of speech in which a part is used for

the whole.

6. Or I’ll just end up walkin’ in the cold November Rain - Metaphor

These lyrics are on twenty-first to twenty-second lines in the fifth

stanzas. The type of the lyric is metaphor because the word walkin’ is not

truly meant by walk. End up walkin’ here means the singer wants to tell us

that he will leave the relationship although he knows that is difficult to do

that. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when someone wants

describe an object or action in a way that is not literally true, but helps explain

an idea or make a comparison. This is relevance with the theory of Kennedy

(1979: 490) that Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else,

which in a literal sense, it is not. It does not use connective words such as like

or as.

7. Do you need some time… on your own…do you need some time… all alone -

Repetition

These lyrics are on twenty-third to twenty-fourth lines in the sixth

stanzas. The type of this lyric is repetition because the words Do you need

some time are repeated. The singer wants to tell us that he wants her (his

lover) to take the time to heal her inner problems. This kind of figurative

35

language is commonly used when someone wants to affirm something that he

meant. This is relevance with the theory of Keraf (2009:127) that repetition is

repeating sound, words or a whole of word in sentence for intensifying in

suitable context. The singer wants

8. I know it’s hard to keep an open heart, when even friends seem out to harm

you - Metonymy

These lyrics are on twenty-seventh to twenty-eight lines in the seventh

stanzas. The type of the lyric is metonymy because the words hard to keep an

open heart can replace the same expression like the woman that the singer

want is not allowing herself to make a relationship again. The singer wants to

tell us that his lover has been hurt by those closest to her in the past, so she

has closed herself and won’t allow herself to develop a strong relationship in

case she gets hurt again. This kind of figurative language is commonly used

when someone wants to replace an object by another one that is related. This

is relevance with the theory of Perrine (1978:57) that metonymy is the use of

something closely related for the thing actually meant. It is figure of speech

which the name of one object is replaced by another which is closely

associated with it.

9. Wouldn’t time be out to charm you - Personification

36

These lyrics are on thirtieth lines in the seventh stanzas. The type of

figurative language of this lyric is personification because the word time

figured as alive, in this case it can charm. Whereas we know that the time is

not a human, it cannot charm. This kind of figurative language is commonly

used when someone wants to relate actions of inanimate objects to our own

emotions. This is relevance to the theory of Kennedy (1979:495) that

personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract

term (truth or nature) is made human.

10. Sometimes I need some time… on my own … Sometimes I need some time…

all alone - Repetition

These lyrics are on thirty-first to thirty-second lines in the eighth

stanzas. The type of this lyric is repetition because the words Sometimes I

need some time are repeated. The singer wants to inform us that he needs to

take a step back from the relationship, for his own good. This kind of

figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to affirm

something to another, so he needs to repeat the word so that the one who’s

being affirmed will understand. This is relevance with the theory of Keraf

(2009:127) that repetition is repeating sound, words or a whole of word in

sentence for intensifying in suitable context.

11. And when your fears subside and shadows still remains – Symbol

37

These lyrics are on thirty-fifth to thirty-sixth lines in the ninth stanzas.

The type of the lyric is symbol because word fear and shadows represent

something beyond its literal self. The singer wants to tell us that Fear in this

song means the past time of the singer’s lover, and shadows in this song

means doubt that still there in mind of the singer’s lover. This kind of

figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to symbolize a

thing and a feeling into something else that is beyond its truly meaning. This

is relevance with the theory of Diyanni (2004:569) that symbol is any object

or action that represents something beyond its literal self.

12. So never mind the darkness, we still can find the way – Symbol

These lyrics are on thirty-ninth to fortieth lines. The type of this lyric

is symbol because the word darkness explains something more. It could be the

hopelessness of the singer’s lover, but the singer convinced her that they can

find a way to make their relationship good. This kind of figurative language is

commonly used when someone wants to represent a thing just like doubt, they

can use darkness to represent it. This is relevance with the theory of Diyanni



13. Don’t ya think that you need somebody…Don’t you think that you need

someone – Repetition

The lyrics is on forty-third to forty-fourth lines in the tenth stanzas.

The type of this lyric is repetition because the words don’t you think that you

38

need are repeated. The singer wants to tell us that everybody in this world

needs somebody else to share about their problem in this life, especially in a

love story. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when someone

wants to reaffirm about the necessary to share the problem to everyone else

that they probably needed. This is relevance with the theory of Keraf

(2009:127) that repetition is repeating sound, words or a whole of word in

sentence for intensifying in suitable context.

4.2.3 Knocking on Heaven’s Door – Guns N Roses


1. Allusion Mama, take this badge from me 1

2. Imagery I can’t use it anymore 2

3. Imagery It’s getting dark, too dark too

see

3

4. Hyperbole Feels like I’m knockin’

heaven’s door

4

5. Repetition Knock-knock-knockin’ on

heaven’s door

5

6. Metaphor Mama, put my guns in the 9

39

ground

7. Imagery I can’t shoot them anymore 10

8. Imagery That cold black cloud is comin’

down

11


1. Mama, take this badge from me - Allusion

This lyric is on the first line in the first stanza. The type of the lyric is

allusion because the word badge is indirect reference of police or sheriff. The

singer wants to tell us that he was illustrated as a police and his mother took

his badge from him, because he died. This kind of figurative language is

commonly used when someone wants to show a thing or another object

indirectly let the them guess its truly meaning. This is relevance with the

theory of Potter (1967:145) that allusion is figurative language that show

indirectly forwards a person or even that people have known together.

2. I can’t use it anymore – Imagery

This lyric is on the second lines in the first stanza. The type of the lyric

is imagery because the word use represents the sense of touch which is the

40

sign of imagery. The singer wants to tell us that he cannot used the badge

anymore because his mother took it, also because he died. This kind of

figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to represent

something through human’s senses. This is relevance with the theory of

Perrine (2011: 49) that imagery may be defined as the representation through

language of sense experience. The word image perhaps most often suggest a

mental picture, something seen in the mind’s eye.

3. It’s getting dark, too dark too see – Imagery

This lyric is on the third lines in the first stanza. The type of the lyric

is imagery because the word dark and see are visual images. It makes us

imagine that is hard to see in the dark. The singer wants to tell us about the

darkness that he saw after he died. This kind of figurative language is

commonly used when someone wants to represent something through

human’s senses. This is relevance with the theory of Perrine (2011: 49) that

imagery may be defined as the representation through language of sense

experience. The word image perhaps most often suggest a mental picture,

something seen in the mind’s eye.

4. Feels like I’m knockin’ heaven’s door – Hyperbole

In this line of lyric, on the fourth lines in the first stanza, it is used

hyperbole. There is an exaggeration in this lyric. The singer wants to inform

41

us that when he was in a dying moment, there was heaven’s door somewhere.

This kind of figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to

tell about something exaggeratedly. Like this lyric, it’s impossible for him to

knock the heaven’s door. This relevance with the theory of Kennedy

(1983:496) that hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement containing

exaggeration.

5. Knock-knock-knockin’ on heaven’s door – Repetition

This lyric is on fifth lines in the second stanzas. The type of this lyric is

repetition because the word knock is repeated. The singer wants to tell us that

he was dead and knocking on heaven’s door in the afterlife. This kind of

figurative language is commonly used when someone wants to affirm about

something, so he repeated the word. Like this lyric, word knock is repeated.

This is relevance with the theory of Keraf (2009:127) that repetition is

repeating sound, words or a whole of word in sentence for intensifying in

suitable context.

6. Mama, put my guns in the ground – Metaphor

This lyric is on ninth lines in the third stanzas. The type of the lyric is

metaphor because the word guns is not truly meant by guns but it means

himself (the singer), it stated that the guns is something else. The singer stated

that he wants his mother to bury him in the ground. This kind of figurative

42

language is commonly used when someone wants to describe an object or

action in a way that is not literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a

comparison. Like this lyric stated, guns is stated as something else. This is

with the theory of Kennedy (1979: 490) that Metaphor is a statement that one

thing is something else, which in a literal sense, it is not. It does not use

connective words such as like or as.

7. I can’t shoot them anymore – Imagery

The lyric is on tenth lines in the third stanzas. The type of the lyric is

imagery because the word shoot represents the sense of touch which is the

sign of imagery. The singer wants to tell us that he cannot do something

(shoot) anymore, because he had died. This kind of figurative language is

commonly used when someone wants to represent something through

human’s senses. This is relevance with the theory of Perrine (2011: 49) that

imagery may be defined as the representation through language of sense

experience. The word image perhaps most often suggest a mental picture,

something seen in the mind’s eye.

8. That cold black cloud is comin’ down – Imagery

This lyric is on eleventh lines in the third stanzas. The type of the lyric

is imagery because the word cold is visual images. That is the sense of

touch.The singer here makes us imagine about a black cloud that is coming

43

down and cold. This kind of figurative language is commonly used when

someone wants to represent something through human’s senses. Like this

lyric, we can imagine the black cloud that is coming down. This is relevance

with the theory of Perrine (2011: 49) that imagery may be defined as the

representation through language of sense experience. The word image perhaps

most often suggest a mental picture, something seen in the mind’s eye.

4.3 The contribution of Figurative Languages to English Learning

One of the most sources and media to learn English is song lyric. There are so

much activities that we can get from song, such as listening, translating the song, sing

the song, learn about grammar, etc. The main thing that we should know that song is

the most enjoyable activities that can make student enthusiast in learning. Therefore,

student should add song as their media or tool of learning.

Student can learn enthusiastic by listening to music song, as we know that

student mostly like to listen to music. Besides, student can obtain new vocabulary

through music. They also can produce new phrase, new clause and new sentence as

their provision to deal with the real world. Song can be a tool or media for student to

develop and expand their speaking, listening and writing by learning through listen to

music. The teacher also would not be overwhelmed to teach student while they have

song as their tool in learning English, but teacher also should help student learn while

use song as the tool.

44

Song can be the one of effective strategies in learning English for student.

Song could help student presenting their idea according to what song that they

listened to. The researcher found that almost all indicators met the goals based on the

basic competenses in lesson plan of second grade of senior highschool. It means that

the songs material had given big contribution to develop, elevate, reboot student’s

knowledge and the way they learn would be more fun and useful if student applied

song as part of their tool lesson.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

In the song lyrics of Welcome to the Jungle, November Rain, Knockin’ on

Heaven’s Door there are many figurative languages are found. From fourteen

figurative languages that have been analyzed, there are ten figurative languages can

be found in the song. They are symbol, metonymy, hyperbole, repetition, simile,

metaphor, personification, imagery, synecdoche, and allusion.

The researcher elaborates the findings on figurative languages which reveals

forty threes figurative languages in song Welcome to the Jungle, November Rain,

Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door by Guns N Roses. The most figurative languages which

is used in these three songs is repetition. There are seven repetitions found in these

three songs of Guns N’ Roses. This study analyzed figurative languages in terms of

meanings and types and also the contribution toward English learning at Senior High

School by which figurative languages within songs to be used for student in learning

English.

The function of figurative languages in three songs of Guns N’ Roses are to

draws the feeling of love, life, broken heart, death, sincerity, fighting, and suffer in

more beautiful and interesting way of saying. Human being can feel so many emotion

such as love, hatred, fond, even dissampointment through song lyric. The researcher

concluded that song lyric is suitable for English learners’ related to the constributions

to English learning at Senior High School.

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5.2 Suggestions

Figurative language has an important position in the linguistic studies,

especially in a literature, such as poem, novel, song lyrics, etc. This thesis examines

the figurative languages in the song lyrics of Welcome to the Jungle, November Rain,

Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door by Guns N Roses, and also its contribution to English

learning at Senior High School. From this study, it is expected that:

For the lecturers of literature, they can use this study as the example to teach

the figurative language.

For the next researcher, in analyzing figurative language in song lyric, they

have to analyze and understand the song first to make the analysis much

easier.

For the readers, they can be interested to listen to Guns N Roses’ songs

For the students of English department, they can learn and get more

knowledge about the figurative language.

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REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Boston: Phoenix Color Cop.

Apriono, Yudhi. 2017. An Analysis of Figurative Languages Used in Lyrics of

Scorpion Songs: University of Mataram, Mataram.

Asror, Muhammad Khozinatul. 2011. An Analysis Of Figurative Language On Lyrics

Of Maher Zain. Pamulang: Universitas Pamulang

Barnhart, R. K. 1995. Barnhart concise dictionary of etymology. New York:

Harper Collins.

Barnwell, K. 1980. Introduction to semantic and translation (2 ed). United

States: Summer Institute of Linguistics

Charles E.B. 1998. Literary Theory: An Introduction to Theory and Practice.

Indiana Wesleyan University : Indiana

Cupchik, G. C. 2003. The ‘interanimation’ of worlds: Creative metaphors in art

and design. The design journal. University of Toronto: Canada.

Frederik, T ,Juliana. 2011. English Poetry An Introduction to Indonesian Students.

Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Gibbs, R.W. 1994. The poetic of mind: Figurative thought, language, and

understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gluckberg, Sam. 2001. Understanding Fogurative Language. New York: Oxford

University Press.

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Hancock, Beverley. 1998. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Nottingham:

Trent Focus Group.

Harnum, Jonathan. 2001. Basic Music Theory : How to Read, Write, and Understand

Written Music. Miami: Sol-Ut Press.

Homby, AS. 2008. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford; UniversityPress

Jakobson, R. 1960. Style in language. New York and London: The Technology

Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Kennedy, X. J. 1979. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

Second Edition. Boston: Little Brown and Company.

Khodijah, Dian Siti. 2010. The Figurative Language of Nirvana’s Songs. Cirebon:

IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

Nuriadi, 2016. Theory of Literature : An Introduction. Mataram: Arga Puji Press

Mataram, Lombok.

Potter, H. 1967. Figurative Language in Psychology, Psychotherapy and Education.

Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Risdianto, F. 2011. Introduction to Literature. Yogyakarta: Trust Media Publishing

Rosyanti, Ita. 2010. A Study On Figurative Language In Celine Dion’s Song.

Cirebon: IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon.

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/gunsnroses/welcometothejungle.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/gunsnroses/novemberrain.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/gunsnroses/knockingonheavensdoor.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/gunsnroses/welcometothejungle.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/gunsnroses/novemberrain.html

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1

"Welcome to The Jungle"

Welcome to the jungle

We've got fun 'n' games

We got everything you want

Honey, we know the names

We are the people that can find

Whatever you may need

If you got the money, honey,

We got your disease

[Chorus:]

In the jungle


Watch it bring you to your

Knees, knees

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I wanna watch you bleed


We take it day by day

If you want it you're gonna bleed

But it's the price you pay

And you're a very sexy girl

That's very hard to please

You can taste the bright lights

But you won't get them for free

In the jungle


Feel my, my, my serpentine

I, I wanna hear you scream


It gets worse here everyday

Ya learn ta live like an animal

In the jungle where we play

If you got a hunger for what you see

You'll take it eventually

You can have anything you want

But you better not take it from me

[Chorus:]

In the jungle



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Knees, knees

I'm gonna watch you bleed

And when you're high you never

Ever want to come down, so down, down, yeah!

You know where you are?

You're in the jungle, baby

You're gonna die

In the jungle



Knees, knees

In the jungle


Feel my, my, my serpentine

In the jungle



Knees, knees

In the jungle


Watch it bring you to your...

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It's gonna bring you down

Ha!

Appendix 2

"November Rain"

When I look into your eyes

I can see a love restrained

But darlin' when I hold you

Don't you know I feel the same

'Cause nothin' lasts forever

And we both know hearts can change

And it's hard to hold a candle

In the cold November rain

We've been through this such a long long time

Just tryin' to kill the pain

But lovers always come and lovers always go

And no one's really sure who's lettin' go today

Walking away

If we could take the time

To lay it on the line

I could rest my head

Just knowin' that you were mine

All mine

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So if you want to love me

Then darlin' don't refrain

Or I'll just end up walkin'

In the cold November rain

Do you need some time...on your own

Do you need some time...all alone

Everybody needs some time... on their own

Don't you know you need some time...all alone

I know it's hard to keep an open heart

When even friends seem out to harm you

But if you could heal a broken heart

Wouldn't time be out to charm you

Sometimes I need some time...on my own

Sometimes I need some time...all alone

Everybody needs some time... on their own

Don't you know you need some time...all alone

And when your fears subside

And shadows still remain

I know that you can love me

When there's no one left to blame

So never mind the darkness

We still can find a way

'Cause nothin' lasts forever

Even cold November rain

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Don't ya think that you need somebody

Don't ya think that you need someone

Everybody needs somebody

You're not the only one

You're not the only one

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Appendix 3

"Knocking On Heaven's Door"

Mama, take this badge from me

I can't use it anymore

It's getting dark, too dark to see

Feels like I'm knockin' on heaven's door

Knock-knock-knockin' on heaven's door




Mama, put my guns in the ground

I can't shoot them anymore

That cold black cloud is comin' down

Feels like I'm knockin' on heaven's door





"You just better start sniffin' your own rank subjugation Jack

'Cause it's just you against your tattered libido, the bank and the mortician

forever, man.

And it wouldn't be luck if you could get out of life alive."


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