FID BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1

RFID BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 0


CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................5

2. BACKGROUND............................................92.1 WHAT IS RFID...........................................92.2 BAR CODE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM:.............................102.3 BIO METRIC SYSTEM:.....................................112.4 MAGNETIC STRIPE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM:........................112.5 RFID ATTENDANCE SYSTEM:................................12

3. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN..................................153.1 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM....................................153.2 USE CASE..............................................17

3.2.1 Example Use Case: Obtaining Student AttendanceReport.................................................183.2.2 Admin Panel......................................19

3.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODELING (ERM).......................193.3.1 Entity type......................................203.3.2 ERD Development Process..........................203.3.3 Relationship.....................................203.3.4 Key Attributes...................................203.3.5 Key Definitions..................................20

3.4 ERD: DATABASE OF RFID ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.........22

4. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION................................234.1 SYSTEM USAGE..........................................234.2 SYSTEM INTERFACE.......................................24

4.2.1 Admin Panel Module...............................244.2.2 Student Attendance Report Panel..................25

4.3 ATTENDANCE MONITORING (RECORDING) MODULE...................264.4 FACULTY...............................................274.5 DEPARTMENT............................................284.6 PROGRAM...............................................29


4.7 BATCH................................................304.8 PART REGISTRATION:.....................................314.9 STUDENT REGISTRATION:...................................324.10 STUDENT PART REGISTRATION................................334.11 TEACHER...............................................344.12 SEMESTER..............................................354.13 STUDENT SEMESTER REGISTRATION............................36

4.13.1....................................User Interfaces37

4.13.2..............................Hardware Requirements37

4.13.3..............................Software Requirements37

4.13.4..........................Communications Interfaces38

4.13.5..........................Installition Requirements38

4.13.6..................................Product Functions38

4.13.7.........................................Constraint38

4.13.8...........Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations38

5. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK..............................405.1 FUTURE WORK...........................................405.2 CONCLUSION............................................40

6. APPENDICES............................................426.1 Appendex A Refrences.................................42


1. INTRODUCTION

This research aims at developing an RFID-based studentattendance management system for universities for recordingand maintaining attendance of the students. The design andimplementation of the proposed system includes an RFID-basedhardware unit and the supporting infrastructure to recordand maintain attendance of the system and to generatestudents’ attendance reports.RFID (Radio frequency identification) consist oftransponders such that they store the data within themselvesand readers are mainly used to interrogate the data throughwireless. Transponders (tags) are supposed to emit a codedidentification number which is detected by the RFID readerat its wireless interface, the detected signal is forwardedto the system i-e “computer or an electronic circuit” forfurther processing.The purpose and usage of RFID is to state the identificationof person or item electronically by assigning an electronicnumber. The research field of RFID is expended such a waythat these days the grocery items in super stores , theanimals in the country side farm, the employs at a businessfirm are tagged to show the identification to the systemsdesigned. i-e at super market the RFID transponders attachedwith items transmit the data such so that their number couldbe detected in the system, while selling the same taggeditem the identification could be used for knowing the priceof that specific item. The tagged animals at a country sidefarm would be safe and easy to trace their location for thefarmer, either they are in the farm area or they are goingmissing. The employ at firm can show his presence at hisworking hours by the transponder attached in his employcard.The goal of RFID is make sure that the item is what itclaims to be. In this context the RFID readers authenticates


the tags detected and differentiates between authorized andnon-authorized tags for the system, generally the retrievalof data from an RFID tag does not provide much informationto differentiate between the tagged items, it only providesa serial number to system. The real power of RFID comes inthe combination with a backend that stores the additionalinformation such that descriptions of items .the backendconsists of database with a logically connected applicationinterface which is able to add the information to databasewhen it receives any new information and it can also checkfor the information stored earlier. Thus the applicationretrieves the data from backend and decides according to thelogic defined. The first RFID application was used by the British Army inSecond World War for identification of their tanks andplanes. Reading units could query whether to attack. Suchtechnology successors are used all around the world in manyarmies up to now.There are three types of RFID tags in respect to frequency:

Low frequency (LF,30-500kHz) High frequency(HF,10-15MHz) Ultra high frequency(UHF,850-950MHz,2.4-2.5GHz,5.8GHz)

We distinguish the RFID tags also in three types inrelation to power and energy source:

Passive tags Semi-Passive tags Active tags

Passive tags operate on a field created by reader so thatfield is kept by reader until it interrogates the data fromthe tag. There is no internal power source included inpassive tags, these tags are cheapest available in markethowever their reading range in very restricted which is upto 10m.if these tags are kept with care away from fire and


water their life can be calculated as the longest among theRFID tags since because they does not use the internal powersource.Semi Passive tags have an internal battery source they keepsthe microchip operational all the time, the advantage ofsuch tags is they are faster to respond RFID requests. Thesetags operate up to range of 100m.the life time of these tagsdepends upon the battery, as the battery dies these tagsbecome non-operational.Active tags also contain an internal power source but theyoperate the internal microchip and an antenna whichtransmits the signals. The range of active tags variesbetween 10m to 1000m which they can be used in applicationslike location tracing and land marking the positions. Thesetags are costly as compared to Semi Passive tags and Passivetags because of their manufacturing expense.In this study I have implemented RFID in attendance systemto manage and mark the attendance by identifying thestudents and Faculty members. The RFID Attendance systemconsists of basically two modules.

Software (Backend) Hardware (RFID Readers/Tags)

A passive tag is implanted into the student/Faculty card.The Rfid reader used operates on 125 KH. The hardware isplug_and_play and it’s connected to computer via USB port.The reader can operate up to the range of 5cm.The attendance marking through this system is done by bringthe Student/Faculty card near the RFID reader, the softwareat the backend will identify and mark the attendanceaccordingly. If there is no record found in the system theinput will be ignored.The backend consists of Java interface which monitors anyRFID input to the system connected to database. The databaseis developed in Microsoft Access 2007. There is an Admin


panel for the Faculty members to manage the whole attendancesystem and a report display panel for Students to checktheir attendance reports in a particular subject byselecting.

Software( Backend ) Operational Requirements :

The Attendance System developed is Java based Desktopapplication; it would require windows with 32 bit MS Accessdriver and Java Compiler 1.6 or later version.

Hardware Operational Requirements :

The hardware required is a computer which could supportwindows or requirements given below:CPU: 1.8 MHz Pentium series or Later RAM: 512 Mb or greater Hard Drive Space: 10 Mb for the application and greater forthe saving the attendance record.The RFID reader “CR10E” operates on 12Volts and it wouldrequire a USB port to Connect with computer.

Related Work:In 1945, Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool (for

spy activities) for the Soviet Union which retransmitted

incident radio waves with audio frequency

information. Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm which

slightly altered the shape of the resonator, which

modulated the reflected radio frequency even though

this device was covert listening device, not an


identification device or tag, it is considered to be a

predecessor of radio frequency identification (RFID)

technology because it was likewise passive, being

energized and activated by waves from an outside source.

Similar technologies such as the IFF (identification

friend and foe) transponder developed in the United

Kingdom, was routinely used by the allies in the World

War 2 to identify aircrafts as friend or foe.

Transponders are still used by most powered aircrafts to

this day.

Mario .W. Cordell was the first to have received the

United States patent for an active RFID tag with re-

writable memory on January 23, 1973 .In that same

year, Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur,

received a patent for a passive transponder used to

unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded

transponder communicates a reader near a door, when the

reader detects a valid identification number stored

within the tag, the reader unlocks the door.

Walton licensed the technology to Schrage lock of San

Francisco, a lock maker and other companies.

Time and attendance systems are a major part of today’s

human resource systems, take organization towards better


human resource practice, systems and excellence. The

implementation of time and attendance system has a lot

of advantages for the manager. The kind of system that

is implemented depends upon what the organization is

trying to achieve by implementing the system. There

are different types of automatic attendance systems; each

type of system is suited to different needs and

requirements. Some of the most common types include;

biometric attendance system, magnetic stripe attendance

system, barcode attendance system, and RFID attendance

system.


2. BACKGROUND

2.1 What is RFIDRFID is short form for Radio Frequency Identification whichis achieved by generally deploying hardware of two types.

The reader(The Transceiver) The Tag (Transponder)

These system works without physical contact and generallydepending upon the frequency and type of hardware, it isdetected. The data stored in the tag is interrogated andreceived as input by reader and in some cases it is possibleto change the data in a tag. The Architecture of RFID system is shown below:


Figure No: 2.1 RIFDIn this figure as it could be seen that RFID input isforwarded to a computer which is connected to RFID reader ,this is because the logic /backend is stored in a computerwhich then decides what is to be carried next. RFIDAttendance system built in my study follows the samephenomena. In next chapter I will discuss the logic used tomaking a working attendance system but here I am goingcompare some attendance system built to fulfill the needs ofattendance.


2.2 Bar Code Attendance System:The Universal Product Code (UPC) is unique number assignedto items that identifies a product and vendor. The UPC for atypical product is same. The first six digits isvendor/Company identification and the next five digitsidentify the product and last one digit is set for check.Each time that UPC is read by scanner, calculation is doneis if the check digit is same as stored in computer, itauthenticates the process. It limitations include specialcare need for the part of employ/Student card which containsUPC, it can be easily damaged by dust and water.

Barcode RFID1 Making contact to the

reader is necessary , hence

cannot be read from a

distance

This does not require

contact with reader, hence

can be read from a

distance.2 Only one card read at a

time is allowed.

Multiple read at a time is

permitted depending upon

tags used.3 Embedded information

cannot be updated,

hence the restriction

of the repeated over-

writing if the embedded

Embedded information can

be updated; this allows

the repeated over-writing

if embedded electronic

information for each card.4 It does not allow for the

increase technologies like

surveillance cameras to be

activated with an employee

being in the vicinity.

RFID has increased

technologies like

surveillance cameras to be

activated in conjunction

with an employee being in5 It i s s lo we r and

requires time of s i g h t

to function.

RFID is faster and does

not require line of

sight, but it should in


6 It has lower data storage

transponder.

It has higher data storage.

2.3 Bio metric System:Bio metric system refers authentication by checking thephysical characteristics that might include checking face,retina, hand geometry, voice etc. The computer checks thecharacteristics and identifies who you are; this system iscoupled with the computer to check identification. This ishow a Bio Metric attendance system is built, there are manynew ways found for attendance marking as well. The BioMetric system uses complex algorithms so that’s why it isthought to a difficult task while building a system.

2.4 Magnetic Stripe Attendance System:In the Magnetic stripe Attendance system, data is stored ina magnetic stripe which is attached with employ/StudentCard. This system requires swipe to mark the attendance andread one card at a time. These cards need special careagainst any magnetic field.

2.5 RFID Attendance System:RFID Attendance system supports the conventional mentalmodel to have an Employee/Student; the Transponder isembedded in the card. The attendance is marked via bringingthe Employee/Student card in the detection area of RFIDreader. The figure below shows RFID


Figure No: 2.5 RFID Attendence System

2.5.1.1 Operations:

RFID devices and software are supported by a

sophisticated software architecture that enables the

collection and distribution of location based information

in near real time. A complete picture of the RFID

attendance system combines the RFID Tags and

readers with access to global standardized database,

ensuring real time access to up-to-date information on

the card. The card contains a unique identification

number called an electronic product code (EPC). The

RFID tag can be read from a distance and the embedded

electronic information for each card can be over written

repeatedly. This increases technologies like

surveillance cameras to be activated in conjunction with


an employee being in their vicinity. The RFID attendance

system is faster, and does not require line of sight.

The RFID system has higher data storage. In the RFID

systems, the transponders are also easy to conceal or

incorporate in other items. For example in 2009,

researchers successfully glued RFID micro

transponder to live ants in order to study their

behavior. Furthermore, multiple RFID cards can be read

all at the same time. Information about the employees’

access and attendance can be stored on the database.

2.5.1.2 RFID Frequency bandFrequency refers to the size of the radio waves used to

communicate between the RFID system’s components. It

can be assumed that higher frequency resulting faster

data transfer rate and longer reading distance.

However as frequency increases, the sensitivity to

environmental factor also increases. RFID system

currently operates at Low Frequency, High Frequency

and Ultra High Frequency. Generally a lower

frequency means a lower read range and slower data

read rate, but increased capabilities for reading near

or on metal or liquid surfaces.


The frequency chart is shown in table 2.

Table 2: RFID Frequency Table

Frequency

band

DescriptionOperating

range

Application Benefits Drawbacks125KHz

to134KHz

Lowfrequency

Lessthan0.5m to1.5ft

Access control,animaltracking pointof saleapplication,productauthentication,

Workswellaroundwater andmetalproducts

Shortreadrange andslowerread rate

13.56Hz Highfrequency

Less than1m to 3ft

Smartcardslibrary books,airline baggage

Lowcost oftag

Highread ratewhen

860MHzTo

930MHz

Ultrahighfrequency(UHF)

3m to9ft

Parking lotaccess,electronic tollcollection etc

EPCstandardbuiltaroundthisfrequency

Doesnot workwell withhighwateror metal2.4GHz Microwave 1m to 3ft Airline

baggage,electronic toll

Mostexpensive

Fastestread rate


3. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

3.1 Architecture Diagram

Figure 3.1: Architecture Diagram

Description:

The design of the RFID attendance management system is madeup of the following:

ⅰ. Enrolment moduleⅱ. Authentication Moduleⅲ. Database


3.2 Enrolment ModuleThe task of enrollment module is to enroll users and theirRFID tag number into the system database. During enrolment,the RFID tag unique number is extracted from the tag andstored in a database as a template for the subject alongwith the user’s ID. Faculty member’s bio data to be capturedincludes: teacher id, name, father name, surname, Nicnumber, pay scale, phone number, and email. Student bio dataincludes: batch Id, name, father name, surname, gender,email id, and phone number.

When the RFID tag and the user name of a person to beenrolled are fed to the enrollment module, tag number isdirectly extracted and it’s stored to student bio data aspassword. The enrolment process is carried out by anadministrator of the attendance management system. Theenrolment and registration phase is an administrative phase.The user tag number as well as other bio-data is stored forthe first time into the database for registration. Thecourses, batch and department are also registered at thisphase. All data and information required for the properrecording of attendance are enrolled in this module.

3.3 Authentication ModuleThe task of the authentication module is to validate theidentity of the person who intends to access the system.The person to be authenticated indicates his/her identityand places his/her RFID tag on the RFID reader. The RFIDtag number is extracted. It is then fed to a matchingalgorithm, which matches it against the person’s datatemplate stored in the system database to establish theidentity.


3.4 The DatabaseThe attendance management system database consists of tablesthat stores records, which corresponds faculty, department,teacher, program, batch, student registration, student partregistration, student semester registration. Each record ofstudent registration and teacher may contain RFID tag ID anduser name of the person or other information such as pin noas an index to the template. The database design for thesystem implements relational data model which is acollections of tables in which data are stored. The databasewas implemented in Microsoft Access database (MS Access,2007). MS Access is fast and easy, it can store record andrequires little configuration.

3.5 Use Case A use case specifies the behavior of a system or a part of a

system, and is a description of a set of sequences of

actions, including variants, that a system performs to yield

an observable result of value to an actor.” i

“An actor is an idealization of an external person,

process, or thing interacting with a system, subsystem, or

class. An actor characterizes the interactions that outside

users may have with the system.” ii

A use case is rendered as an ellipse in a use case diagram.

A use case is always labeled with its name.


Figure 3.5 Eclipse

An actor is rendered as a stick figure 2.1.1.2 in a use case

diagram. Each actor participates in one

Student or more use cases.

Figure 2.1.1.2 Actor

3.5.1.1 Example Use Case: Obtaining Student Attendance Report


Figure No: #.5.1 Obtaining Student Attandance

Report

Name: Student Attendance Report

Description: the student views report of his attendance from

attendance management system

Actor: Student

Main scenario:

1. The student verifies his Id via RFID

2. Student checks the percentage of attendance


3.5.2 Admin Panel

Figure No: #.3.5.2 Admin Panel

Name: Admin Panel

Description: Admin logs in via RFID card

Actor: Admin

Main scenario:

1. The Admin manages the whole attendance system; i-e

enrolls students,


3.6 Entity Relationship Modeling (ERM) A technique used to analyze & model the data in

organizations using an Entity Relationship (E-R) diagram

3.6.1 Entity type

A class of entities with the same attributes

3.6.2 ERD Development Process

• Identify the entities

• Determine the attributes for each entity

• Select the primary key for each entity

• Establish the relationships between the entities

• Draw an entity model

• Test the relationships and the keys

3.6.3 Relationship

An association between two or more entities that is of

particular interest

3.6.4 Key Attributes

• Certain attributes identify particular facts within an

entity, these are known as KEY attributes.


• The different types of KEY attribute are:

• Primary Key

• Composite Primary Key

• Foreign Key

3.6.5 Key Definitions

• Primary Key:

• One attributes whose value can uniquely identify a

complete record (one row of data) within an entity.

• Composite Primary Key

• A primary key that consists of two or more attribute

within an entity.

• Foreign Key

• A copy of a primary key that exists in another entity for

the purpose of forming a relationship between the entities

involved

i

ii


3.7 ERD: Database of RFID Attendance Management System

Figure No: #.3.7 ERD


4. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 System Usage • The System can be implemented in University of Sindh

for taking and managing the attendance.• Likewise this System can be used and implemented in any

University of Pakistan.• Every Student of University and Faculty members will

have RFID tags embedded in the cards for identificationand attendance.

• If any tagged person (Faculty Member/Student) loseshis/her RFID card, they can get a new card fromuniversity by paying a small fee of just PRs 50 to 100.


4.2 System Interface

4.2.1 Admin Panel Module

Figure No:4.2.1 Admin Panel ModuleThe Admin panel enables to do following actions as listed:

Add/Remove Faculty Add/Remove Department Add/Remove Program Add/Remove Batch Add/Remove Part Add/Remove Student Registration Add/Remove Student Part Registration


Add/Remove Course Scheme Add/Remove Attendance Registration Add/Remove Attendance Inquiry

4.2.2 Student Attendance Report Panel

Figure No 4.2.2 Student attandace report panelDescription: Student Attendance Report panel will allow the students tocheck attendance by selecting the required course andsemester.


4.3 Attendance monitoring (recording) module

Figure No 4. 3 Attandance montring moduleDescription: The attendance monitoring system in programmatically definedthread will monitors the cursor inputs to the system. Whenan RFID signal is detected of RFID readers generates theinput which is treated as a string in java. The input iscompared with stored data in the database which determinesthe ID of person along with his/her information. Theattendance is marked by checking the time from recorded inattendance register which is an admin privilege area.


4.4 Faculty

Figure No 4.4 FacultyDescription: This Admin previliges allow the admin toadd/remove faculty names.i-e University of sindh has eight different faculties.


4.5 Department

Figure No 4.5 DepartmentDescription:In this portion admin can insert, delete or change thedepartment title. i-e University of sindh have 60 different departments.


4.6 Program

Figure No 4.6 ProgramDescription: Admin is enabled to insert , delete or changethe programs title.University of sindh have over eighty different degreeprograms.


4.7 Batch

Figure No:4.7 BatchDescription: This menu can insert the batch year, shift(i-eMorning/Evening) and group.University of sindh has computerized it’s batches data fromthe year of 2004.This portion allows administrator to insert, delete orchange the batch year, shift and group.


4.8 Part Registration:

Figure No 4.8 Part RegistrationDescription:Here Admin can insert, delete or change the partinformation.Every batch have its own parts, batch part entry innecessory


4.9 Student Registration:

Figure No 4.9 Student RegistrationDescription: Here Admin will enroll the student with their names alongwith their RFID number.University of sindh have many batches each batch runseparatly, student can be add batch wise.This menu also allows database administrator to insert,delete or change the students.


4.10 Student Part Registration

Figure No 4.13 Student Part RegistrationDescription:Admin fatches the data from last part to updatethe record, as every year there is a new part for each ofstudent.generally the students get promoted by one.This menu also allows database administrator to insert,delete or change the student part.


4.11 Teacher

Figure No 4.11 TeacherDescription:The admin inserts the teacher/faculty member biodata alongwith his RFID number.This portion allows database administrator to insert, deleteor change the faculty biodata and his RFID number/


4.12 Semester

Figure No 4.12 Semister Description:The Semester records can inserted via this menu.Theadmistrator has this previliage only.University of sindh have two semester per yearThis menu allows administrator to insert, delete or changethe semester information.


4.13 Student Semester Registration

Figure No 4.13 Student Semister RegistrationDescription: The records of students can be inserted,deleted and changedsemester wise.This menu allows administrator to insert, delete or changethe students semester wise


DataBase :

MS Access, Operating System (any)

Back End:

Java, MS Access, Operating System (any)

4.13.1 User Interfaces

User (student/Admin) can access their modules by RFID ID.

4.13.2 Hardware Requirements

P-IV or latest Processor.

Minimum 1GB hard disk space.

512 MB of RAM or more.

Display capable of showing 16 bit colors or more.

USB port enabled machine.

4.13.3 Software Requirements

DBMS:

Name: MS Access

Version Number: 2007

IDE:

Name: NetBean

Version: 7.3.1


Source: https://netbeans.org/downloads/

Programming Language Compiler/Interpreter: Java

Name: JDK 1.7.0

Version: 1.7.0

Source: http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

4.13.4 Communications Interfaces

Client (student)

4.13.5 Installition Requirements

1. Install Jdk 1.7

2. Install MS Access driver prefers be version of

system developed.

4.13.6 Product FunctionsThis software will record the attendance of students and

faculty members. It will generate reports later whenever

they are needed.

4.13.7 Constraint GUI is only in English Language.

Without RFID card number present student will be

considered as absent.

http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

https://netbeans.org/downloads/


Only registered students are authorized to use the

services.

This attendance management system is working for single

system.

4.13.8 Definitions, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsSQL Structured Query Language

JVM Java Virtual Machine

RFID Radio Frequency Identification


5. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 Future WorkEvery good engineering design innovation has limitations.This passive RFID based lecture attendance monitoringsystem is not without limitation as a data collectiontechnology with accurate and timely data entry. Hence, thelimitation of this design would be improved upon infuture by considering the following salient recommendationsBy incorporating a facial recognition application thatwould serve to further increase the biometric security ofthe system against impersonation by erring students.Usage of High Frequency (HF) active RFID tags againstpassive Low frequency (LF) RFID tags for better performanceand flexibility of users.

The security of Students Buses (points) can be assured bydeploying the Rfid readers connected to database ofattendance System.

5.2 ConclusionIn this study, i have presented a RFID-based attendancemanagement system. The developed system is desktopapplication built in java. The system extracts the localcharacteristic of RFID tag which an electronic code storedin the form of decimal numbers. The RFID Ids are matchedduring both registration and verification processes. Forimproved quality control during the registration orverification process, a matching number was used todetermine the success of the operation. The matching numberwas specified so that only sets of minutiae data that matchthe number will be accepted and data other than that numberwill be rejected. Therefore, RFID tags detection using


Minutia numbers Matching method was used for matching theminutia numbers before attendance is recorded.

The developed system is very helpful in saving valuable timeof students and lecturers, paper and generating report atrequired time. The system can record the clock of studentsand workers in a very convenient manner using their RFIDtag. Also, it reduces most of the administrative jobs andminimizes human errors, eliminates time-related disputes andhelps to update and maintain attendance records.


6. APPENDICES

6.1 Appendex A Refrences Attendance Technology on Campus Research and

Application

by Li Jiang and Yan Li Ningbo DaHongYingUniversity

Ningbo, china.

RFID Based Attendance Management System by ShashankShukla, Shailee Shah, Pooja Save Department ofInformation Technology, Thakur College of Engineering &Technology (TCET) MumbaiUniversity, India

Identification and Tracking of Individuals and SocialNetworks using the Electronic Product Code on RFID Tagsby Markus Hansen, Sebastian Meissner Independent Centrefor Privacy Protection Schleswig-Holstein.

Developing an automatic attendance register system forCPUT by Ivanilson Ganga Francisco, Boniface Kabaso,Fernando Neto

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

Books :

Introduction to MS Access by CM Aslam and SafiaIftikhar

Book published by Majeed Sons Lahore.

Java Complete Reference Seventh Edition,by HerbertSchildt.

Web References:


http://stackoverflow.com/ for Java Programming exampleshelp

http://www.javatpoint.com/ for Concepts and revisingthe logic

http://thenewboston.org/ for video lectures of JavaProgramming.

http://thenewboston.org/

http://www.javatpoint.com/

http://stackoverflow.com/

FID BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1

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