Exploring Matter Under Extreme Conditions - CLEO Conference

The National Ignition Facility:

Exploring Matter Under Extreme Conditions

Edward I. Moses

Principal Associate Director, NIF & PS

Presented to: Plenary Talk Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

and the International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC)

This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344NIF-0509-16317.ppt 1Moses- CLEO presentation

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Text Box

LLNL-PRES-413567

Could We Build a Miniature Sun on Earth?

NIF-0509-16272.ppt 2Moses- Stanford - LIFE: A Laser Based System for Sustainable, Carbon-Free Energy Future

It Seems Likely!NIF Provider the capabilities Necessary

to Demonstrate FusionIt Seems Likely!NIF Provider the Capabilities Necessaryto Demonstrate Fusion

NIF-0509-16272.ppt 3Moses- Stanford - LIFE: A Laser Based System for Sustainable, Carbon-Free Energy Future

Moses Technical Symposium presentation 4

NIF-0409-16250.ppt 6Board of Governors Meeting May, 2009

NIF-0509-16317.ppt Moses- CLEO presentation 7

MOVIE: Multipass

Building NIF was exciting


Ground Breaking May 1997


NIF operational March 2009

NIF-0509-16325.ppt Moses Technical Symposium presentation 11

Laser Bay

infrastructure


TARGET CHAMBER


NIF-0409-16250.pptBoard of Governors Meeting May, 2009 17

Target Chamber

Dedication

June 1999

Target fabrication


Target diagnostics


7 wonders of NIF


NIF-0409-16250.pptBoard of Governors Meeting May, 2009 28

Optical Switches PEPC


Plasma

Electrode

Pockels Cell

High-Gain Pre-amplifiers


Deformable Mirrors


The Final Optics Assembly (FOA) combines many critical functions into a

single compact package


Rapid Growth Crystals


Integrated control room


NIF-0509-16317.ppt 35Moses- CLEO presentation

NIF-1208-15830.ppt Haynam, JASON Review, January 16, 2009 37

Achieving a small focal spot at high peak power is a necessary precursor to focal spot smoothing


1.8 MJ ignition point design, energy, power, pulse shape & smoothing were achieved simultaneously


Time

sweep

direction

1.5

ns w

indow

341

347

343

346

344342

345348

B34 was synchronized to 14ps RMS with an 88ps 50J 3 impulse (N080602-002-999)

341

347

343

346

344

342

345

348

Streak X-ray diagnostic output

We have met our 30ps synchronization requirement with

a

technique that is straight forward to apply to all bundles

0 500 1000 1500

Time (pixels)

Processed output (88ps FWHM)

NF-1208-15830.pt Haynam, JASO Revew, January 16, 2009 40

Lower beam pointing

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

Position relative to aim point (X - mm)

Po

sit

ion

rela

tive t

o a

im p

oin

t (Y

- m

m)

Beam offset

Pointing stability was measured on 96 beams (plus6 fiducial beams) delivered to a flat target with two SXIs

60 m RMS pointing error

Distance ( m)

Dis

tan

ce

(m

)

800 microns between focal spots

Shot N090114-002-999

100 m circle

Centroid aim

SXI upper SXI lower

• 8 beam (single bundle) pointing shot completed 12/08

• 96 beam pointing shot series completed 1/09— Beam to target pointing was 58 m rms


NIF shots to date have thoroughly explored

the design operating space at 1 and 3

1.0 2.04.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Energy/beam (kJ)

Pow

er/

be

am

(T

W)

=NIC Rev3.1 Be 1 , 12.2kJ/beam, 2.6TW/beam =NIC Rev3.1 Be 3 , 6.4kJ/beam, 1.88TW/beam

3 192 beam Energy (MJ)1 192 beam Energy (MJ)

One quad of the laser was used to demonstrate the full NIF energy at 3ω delivered to TCC with the designer-specified focal spot and all smoothing methods used simultaneously

Moses- CLEO presentation 42

1.89 MJ FNE 3 energy N090108-002-999

NIF-0509-16317.ppt

Requested

Measured0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (ns)

3P

ow

er

(TW

FN

E)

Energy and power on Q34B are multiplied by 48 quads to obtain FNE

NIF Partners: National Laboratories, Academia, Industry and the International

Community


Contractors


NIF is ready for ignition experiments

We have demonstrated

• All beam conditioning techniques required for ignition simultaneously at 1.8 MJ, 500 TW FNE in PDS and for a NIF quad TCC

• NIC power balance levels and synchronization requirements (B34)

• RMS pointing of 64 μm, significantly better than the 100μm RMS point design requirement

• Wavelength tuning between the inner and outer cones

• NIF operation at 3ω at > 1.1 MJoule


NIF master strategy


National Ignition Campaign goals(NIC Execution Plan Rev. 3.1, August 2008)


Ignition Point Design


NIF will access density and temperature conditions required for ignition

50Moses Technical Symposium presentation

Tuning strategy

RHS

R

Power & timing

Length

Relative powerat foot & peak

R

Cu Dopant level

R

(9 laser parameters) (2 laser + 1 target parameters)

(3 laser + 1 target parameters)(2 target parameters)

Wavelength separation

Peak power, Beam smoothing

Velocity

Shape

Adiabat

Mix

Pulse shaping

Moses Technical Symposium presentation 51NIF-0509-16325.ppt

IPT’s commission each functional element


The path to NIF ignition experiments


Ultimately, yields well in excess of 100 MJ may be possible on NIF


Fast ignition has higher gains at a given laser energy and relaxed symmetry requiremens

NIF-0509-16325 Moses Technical Symposium 55

NIF Laser Beams

The first quad of ARC beams is presently being deployed in the target bay

NIF master strategy

Achieving ignition at the NIF can be a defining moment for the world’s energy future


Humankind challenges


Two major possibilities for fusion energy

NIF-0509-16317.ppt Moses- CLEO presentation 61

A life enegine comprises a nif-like laser system, a point source of neutrons and a

subcritical fission blanket


LIFE ENERGY AND MATERIAL FLOW


Life: Laser Inertial fusion-fission energy


NIF will be a premier international center for experimental science


Compelling scientific questions for NIF

67Moses- CLEO presentationNIF-0509-16317.ppt

Supernovae come in two general categories


Type II: Core Collapse

NIF-0509-16317.ppt

• Involve M~Msun stars

• Optically brighter

• Standardized candles

• Serve as distance indicators

Type 1A: Thermonuclear

Accreting white dwarf

H He

C,OSiFe

Mantle

Envelope

Core

• Involve M >> Msun stars

• More energetic

• More frequent

• Leaves a neutron star behind

Fe core in massive star collapses

White dwarfCompanion star

Supernovae come in two general categories


Type II: Core Collapse

NIF-0509-16317.ppt

• Source of the elements up to Z ~ 26

• Data behind the accelerating

universe and dark energy

Type 1A: Thermonuclear

Accreting white dwarf

H He

C,OSiFe

Mantle

Envelope

Core

• Source of the heavy elements, Z > 26

• Questions:

− How are these elements made?

− How are they ejected?

Fe core in massive star collapses

White dwarfCompanion star

Fe, Si, etc. are ejected from type II supernova explosions, leading to heavy element formation:

how does this happen?

70NIF-0509-16317.ppt Moses- CLEO presentation

Type II supernovae result from the death of a massive star

[Hillebrandt, Sci. Am., 43 (Oct. 2006)]

107 km

Turbulence mixes core (blue) into the overlying He mantle

(green) and H envelope (red). Some fraction of the core,

carrying the synthesized heavy elements, gets ejected.

t = 5 hr


Days since core collapse

Lo

g L

(erg

/s)

42

41

40

39

[Shigeyama & Nomoto,

Ap.J. 360, 242 (1990)]

Simulations

0 200 400 600

Dec. 2006

Kifonidis,

Ap. J. Lett 531,

L123 (2000)

5 x 1011cm

Simulations with low degree of hydrodynamic mixing do not agree with measurements

• Does He shell breakup allow core spikes to escape?

• Are differences in 3D vs 2D spike velocities important?

• How do 3D perturbations on multiple interfaces interact?

• How does the initial perturbation spectrum affect the late-time evolution?

Envelope Core Mantle

SN1987A measured light curve does not match

low-mix simulation

Type IIsupernovasimulation

Simulation at t=5 hours,showing mixing of core,

mantle, envelope

NIF has sufficient energy to test multi-interface simulations of core-collapse supernovae

turbulent hydrodynamics

Moses- CLEO presentation 73NIF-0509-16317.ppt

Foam

(“H”)

Plastic

(“He”)

Ti

(“Fe/C”)

1 mm

[Courtesy of Paul Drake et al.]

NIF experiments are planned to start in 2011-

2012

OMEGA experiments at University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics- proof of principle

[Simulations by Aaron Miles (2004)]

NIF hemisphere target and simulation-sufficient energy for multi-interface,

diverging, scaled SN experiment

Hot Jupiters

HD 189733b

Brown

Dwarfs:80 to 13 Jupiter

Masses

Our Solar

System

Mega-Jupitersup to 13 Jupiter masses

Mercury Venus

Earth

Mars

JupiterSaturn

Uranus Neptune

Super-

Earths

Gilese 876d

Extrasolar

planets

342 extrasolar planets

have been discovered

through March 2009,

more on the way

Launch of Keplermission, March 2009

Understanding planetary structure requires knowledge of the Equation of State (EOS)

at extreme conditions

75

Temp (K)

102

103

104

105

106

10-2 10-

11 10 102 103 104

“Planetary” upper limit

~Jupiter

Earth to super-

Earth cores~Uranus

Large Icy

satellites

10 Jupiter

mass

D. Stevenson

Pressure (Mbar)

NIF-0509-16317.ppt Moses- CLEO presentation

Stixrude, 2008

4

2

104

86

4

2

103

86

4

0.1 1 10 100 1000Pressure (Mbar)

Tem

pera

ture

(K

)

Abundant Cosmic Constituent

Crystal Structure at Extreme Conditions

NIF can produce pressures exceeding 1 Gbar,

allowing exploration of entirely new regimes


NIF is an integral part of a growing community of large-scale HED facilities

world-wide


Steady growing interest in the popular press

NOVEMBER 1997

[Article by Keay Davidson]

NEWRESEARCHThe universe in

a test tube

[Article by Steve Nadis]

July 2007

October 25-31, 2008

[Article by Stuart Clark]

To create a mini-supernova first find a mega-laserSTAR MAKERS

JUNE 2001

[Article by Adam Frank]


Building NIF was exciting


The National Ignition Facility:

Exploring Matter Under Extreme Conditions

Edward I. Moses

Principal Associate Director, NIF & PS

Presented to: Plenary Talk Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

and the International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC)

This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344NIF-0509-16317.ppt 81Moses- CLEO presentation

Exploring Matter Under Extreme Conditions - CLEO Conference

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