(ENGINEERING PHYSICS Question bank) - sitams.org

SREENIVASA INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY and MANAGEMENT STUDIES (autonomous)

(ENGINEERING PHYSICS Question bank)

I - B.TECH I / II - SEMESTER regulation: r18

Compiled by

FACULTY INCHARGE : Mr.P.V.RAMANA MOORTHY

Designation : Associate professor

Department : Science & humanities

SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES (Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

QUESTION BANK ENGINEERING PHYSICS(18SAH112)

2

II B.Tech I/II Semester L T P/D C

2 1 - 3

18SAH112 ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Pre-requisites: Course on Engineering Physics.

Course Educational Objectives: Course Educational Objectives:

CEO1: To understand the principles and applications optics, Lasers and Optical Fibers in various

Streams of Engineering

CEO2: To analyze the structure of crystals by using X-Ray Diffraction Technique and to study

properties, productions and applications of ultrasonic

CEO3: To develop ideas & mathematical solutions to Quantum mechanics& Semiconductors

CEO4: To recognize the concepts of Superconductors and classification of magnetic materials

CEO5: To Introduce Nano-materials & their applications in various fields of science and

technology

UNIT - 1: PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASERS AND FIBER OPTICS

Physical Optics: Interference in thin films by reflection (Qualitative Analysis) - Newton’s rings

(Qualitative) – Diffraction – Fraunhofer Diffraction at single slit- Diffraction Grating.

Lasers: Laser characteristics – Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions - Population inversion –

Pumping Mechanisms-Solid state laser (Ruby laser) - Gas (He-Ne) laser - Applications of lasers.

Fiber Optics: Principle of Optical Fiber -Structure of optical fiber - Types of optical fibers –Step

Index and Graded Index Fibers- Numerical aperture –Acceptance angle-Fiber optics in

communications (Block Diagram)–Simple Applications.

UNIT - 2: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND ULTRASONICS

Crystal Structures: Introduction - Space lattice –Basis-Unit cell - Lattice parameters - Crystal

Systems - Structures of Simple Cubic - Body Centered Cubic - Face Centered Cubic crystals - X-ray

diffraction- Bragg’s law –Laue Method of X-Ray Diffraction.

Ultrasonics: Introduction – Properties of ultrasonic waves - Piezoelectric Effect- Production of

ultrasonic waves by Piezoelectric method -Applications of Ultrasonics.

UNIT - 3: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SEMI CONDUCTORS

Quantum Mechanics: de Broglie’s Hypothesis- Kinetic Energy and de Broglie wavelength – de

Broglie wavelength of electrons -Properties of Matter waves-Time independent Schrodinger’s wave

equation –Physical Significance of Wave function-Particle in one dimensional potential box (Only

upto Eigen Values of Electrons)

Semiconductors: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (Qualitative) - Drift and diffusion - Hall

Effect –Applications of Hall Effect- Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors

UNIT - 4: MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Magnetic Materials: Classification of dia - para - ferro magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic

moment (Qualitative) - Hysteresis curve - soft and hard magnetic materials and Applications

Superconductivity: General properties - Meissner Effect – Type-I and Type-II superconductors -

BCS Theory - Josephson’s effect - Applications of superconductors.




3

UNIT - 5: PHYSICS OF NANOMATERIALS

Nanomaterials: Introduction to Nanomaterials –Types of Nano materials (One dimensional, Two

dimensional and Three dimensional Nano materials) - Significance of nanoscale- surface to, volume

ratio –Quantum Confinement effect-Synthesis of Nanomaterials - Ball milling Method - Chemical

vapour deposition methods –Optical, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of nano materials -

Applications of Nanomaterials.

Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course the students will be able to

POs related to COs

CO1 Acquire the knowledge and applications on Optics, LASERS and Fiber Optics. PO1, PO2

CO2 Identify appropriate method for the production of Ultrasonics and their usage and

understanding different crystal structures PO1, PO2

CO3 Develop the skills to solve complex problem in quantum mechanics and

Semiconductors PO1, PO2,PO4

CO4 Analyze the concepts of Superconductors and magnetic materials and their

appropriate applications in the field of Engineering and Technology PO1,PO2

CO5 Apply the theoretical concepts pertaining to Nanomaterials in various fields

engineering and Technology PO1,PO12

Text Books:

1. Engineering Physics, 2011, M.R. Srinivasan, New Age International, Chennai.

2. Engineering Physics, First Edition 2014, K. Thyagarajan, McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi.

Reference Books:

1. Concepts of Modern Physics, 8/e, 2007, Aurther Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New

Delhi.

2. Modern Engineering Physics, 2012, A.S. Vasudeva, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.

3. Materials Science, 1/e, 2004,M. Vijaya and G. Rangarajan, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New

Delhi .

4. Physics, Part I and II(Part I 5/e,2002, Part II 5/e,2001), Halliday and Resnick, John Wiley &

Sons (Asia)

5. R5 :Engineering Physics, 7/e, 2006, Gaur & Gupta, Dhanpati Rai Publications, New Delhi .




4

QUESTION BANK

Question

No. Questions

PO

Attainment

UNIT – 1 PHYSICAL OPTICS, LASERS AND FIBER OPTICS PART-A (Two Marks Questions)

1 Define interference. PO1

2 Defferentiate between constructive interference and destructive interference. PO1

3 Define constructive interference. PO1

4 Define destructive Interference PO1

5 Define coherence. PO1

6 List two important conditions to produce interference. PO1

7 Name the type of light used in Newton’s rings formation. PO1

8 Describe the conditions to obtain dark and bright rings? PO1

9 Explain Why the central spot is dark in the Newton’s rings formed by reflected light . PO1

10 Explain why Newton’s rings consists of concentric rings . PO1

11 Name the expressions for diameters of dark and bright fringes in Newton’s rings. PO1

12 Define diffraction? PO1

13 Differentiate between Fresnel’s diffraction and Frauhnofer’s diffraction PO1

14 Define diffraction grating? PO1

15 Summarize important properties of LASER. PO1

16 Differentiate between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission. PO1

17 Explain What is population inversion? PO1

18 Name the important components of laser device. PO1

19 List out applications of Lasers. PO1

20 Who invented Helium-Neon Laser. PO1

21 Explainwhat is an optical fiber? PO1

22 Name the principle of optical fiber? PO1

23 Name the parts in optical fiber. PO1

24 Define numerical aperture. PO1

25 Define acceptance angle. PO1

26 List out the applications of optical fiber. PO1

27 Name the types of optical fibers. PO1

28 List the advantages of optical fibers? PO1

29 Differentiate between single mode step index and Multi mode Step index fibers. PO1

30 Contrast step index and graded index fibers. PO1

PART-B (Ten Marks Questions)




5

1 Explain the phenomena of interference in two parallel thin films. PO1, PO2

2 Derive an expression for the path difference in two parallel thin films. PO1, PO2

3 Describe Newton’s Rings with suitable theory. PO1, PO2

4 Derive an expression for the radius of curvature of the plano- convex lens in Newton’s rings

experiment. PO1, PO2

5 Distinguish between Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction. PO1, PO2

6 Explain Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit with necessary theory. PO1, PO2

7 What is Diffraction grating? Explain. PO1, PO2

8 Differentiate between diffraction and interference PO1, PO2

9

Explain the terms

Absorption

Spontaneous emission

Stimulated emission

PO1, PO2

10 Explain the terms Pumping mechanism and Population inversion PO1, PO2

11 Explain the construction and working of a He-Ne Laser with suitable diagrams. PO1, PO2

12 Explain the construction and working of Ruby Laser With the help of suitable diagram. PO1, PO2

13 Contrast between the spontaneous and stimulated emission PO1, PO2

14 List the general characteristics of Lasers. PO1, PO2

15 Summarize applications of Laser PO1, PO2

16 What is the acceptance angle of an optical fiber and derive an expression for it. PO1, PO2

17

Define the following terms for an optical fiber

(i) Cone acceptance

(ii) Numerical aperture

(iii) acceptace angle And

(iv) fractional refractive index change.

PO1, PO2

18 What is total internal reflection? Discuss its importance in optical fibers. PO1, PO2

19 Describe the different types of optical fibers with neat Diagrams. PO1, PO2

20

Defferentiate between light propagation in

(i)Step Index Fiber

(ii)Graded Index fiber.

PO1, PO2

21 Explain in detail the optical communication system with a neat block diagram. PO1, PO2

22 Summarize applications of fibers. PO1, PO2




6

Question

No. Questions

PO

Attainment

UNIT – 2: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND ULTRASONICS PART-A (Two Marks Questions)

1 What is space lattice? PO1

2 Define unit cell. PO1

3 Define nearest neighbor distance. PO1

4 Define co-ordination number. PO1

5 Define packing fraction PO1

6 Define Braggs Law. PO1

7 Tabulate the packing fractions for SCC,BCC and FCC crystals. PO1

8 What are ultrasonic waves? PO1

9 What are the main uses of ultrasonics? PO1

10 Define piezoelectric effect? PO1

11 Define Inverse piezoelectric effect? PO1

12 Name the methods of producing ultrasonic waves. PO1

13 List any two properties of Ultrasonic waves. PO1


1 Show that FCC is most closely packed of the three cubic structures by working out the

packing factors. PO1, PO2

2 Obtain the packing factor expression of SCC ,BCC and FCC structures. PO1, PO2

3 Explain Bragg’s law of X-Ray diffraction. PO1, PO2

4 Derive Bragg’s law. PO1, PO2

5 Describe Laue’s method of X-Ray diffraction of crystal structures. PO1, PO2

6 Describe the seven crystal systems in detail with neat diagrams. PO1, PO2

7 Define Bravais Lattice.

Explain the terms

(a) Basis (b) Space Lattice and (c) Unit cell. PO1, PO2

8 Obtain the packing factor expression of SCC ,BCC and FCC structures. PO1, PO2

9 Explain Bragg’s law of X-Ray diffraction. PO1, PO2

10 Derive Bragg’s law. PO1, PO2

11 Explain the production of ultrasonic waves by using piezo electric oscillator. PO1,PO2




7

Question

No. Questions

PO

Attainment

UNIT – 3: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SEMI CONDUCTORS

PART-A (Two Marks Questions)

1 DefineDe Broglie’s hypothesis. PO1

2 List two properties of matter waves PO1

3 Define Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. PO1

4 Explain the significance of wave function. PO1

5 Recite Schrödinger’s time independent equation. PO1

6 Determine wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential of 1600V. PO1

7 Outline the expression for Eigen values of an electron in one dimensional box. PO1

8 Discuss intrinsic semiconductors. PO1

9 Categorize extrinsic semiconductors. PO1

10 Define Hall Effect. PO1

11 Define the terms drift and diffusion in semiconductors. PO1

12 Formulate Einstein’s relation. PO1

13 List applications of Hall Effect. PO1

14 Differentiate between direct band gap and indirect band gap semiconductors. PO1

15 Describe a PN junction diode. PO1


1 Explain De Broglie’s hypothesis. PO1,

PO2,PO4

2 Define matter waves? Explain their properties. PO1, PO2

3

Show that the wavelength associated with an electron of mass ‘m’ and kinetic energy ‘E’ is

given by mE

h

2

PO1, PO2,

PO4

4

Show that the wavelength of an electron accelerated by a potential difference ‘v’ volts, is

mV

101027.12 for non relativistic case.

PO1, PO2,

PO4

5 Explain the difference between matter waves and an electromagnetic wave. PO1,

PO2,PO4

6 Explain the concept of particle wave duality and obtain an expression for the wavelength of

matter waves. PO1, PO2

7 Describe time independent Schrodinger’s wave equation for free particle. PO1,

PO2,PO4

8 Show that the energies of a particle in a one dimensional box are quantized. PO1, PO2,

PO4

9 Explain the physical significance of wave function. PO1,

PO2,PO4

10 Explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. PO1,

PO2,PO4




8

Question

No. Questions

PO

Attainment

UNIT – 4: MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY PART-A (Two Marks Questions)

1 Define magnetic susceptibility. PO1

2 Define magnetic permeability. PO1

3 Describe diamagnetic materials. PO1

4 Describe paramagnetic materials. PO1

5 Describe ferromagnetic materials. PO1

6 Describe Antiferro materials PO1

7 Describe Ferri magnetic materials. PO1

8 Define Bohr magneton. PO1

9 Explain magnetic hysteresis. PO1

10 Differentiate Soft and Hard magnetic materials. PO1

11 List the examples for soft and hard magnetic materials. PO1

12 List the applications of soft and hard magnetic materials. PO1

13 Define critical temperature. PO1

14 Define critical magnetic field. PO1

15 Define Meissner effect. PO1

16 Differentiate between Type-I and Type-II Superconductors. PO1

17 List Examples for Type-I and Type-II Superconductors. PO1

18 List the applications of Superconductors. PO1

19 Describe Josephson’s effect. PO1

20 Define AC Josephson’s effect. PO1, PO2

21 Define DC Josephson’s effect. PO1, PO2

22 Define Superconductivity. PO1, PO2

23 Quote the Transition temperatures for Lead and Tin. PO1, PO2


1

Define following terms

a) Magnetic field

b) Magnetic susceptibility )(

c) Magnetic permeability )(

d)Magnetic moment

PO1, PO2

2 Derive an expression for magnetic moment of an electron due to its orbital motion PO1, PO2

3

Define the following terms.

( a ) Magnetization

( b ) Bohr Magneton

(c ) Magnetic moment due to Nuclear Spin

(d) Magnetic moment due to spin of electrons

PO1, PO2

4 Explain in detail the Magnetic Hysteresis loop. Give its Application. PO1, PO2

5 Differentiate between Hard and Soft Magnetic Materials. PO1, PO2

6 Classify Magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment. PO1, PO2

7

Define the following terms.

(a) Relative Permeability

(b) Magnetic Flux Density

(c) Magnetic Flux and (d) Magnetizing Field Strength.

PO1, PO2

8 List out the applications of Soft and Hard magnetic materials. PO1, PO2




9

9 Describe various magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment. PO1, PO2

10 Show that χ = µr-1 PO1, PO2,

12 Describe superconductors? List out the general properties of superconductors. PO1, PO2

13

Define the following terms

Superconductivity

Critical temperature

Critical magnetic field

Critical current

PO1, PO2

14 Explain Meissner effect. PO1, PO2

15 Describe the difference between the Type-I and Type-II superconductors. PO1, PO2

16 Differentiate between conductivity and superconductivity PO1, PO2

17 Explain general properties of super conductors. Give two applications PO1, PO2

18 Explain dc and ac Josephson’s effect. PO1, PO2

20 Describe Josephson’s junction and give its applications. PO1, PO2

21 Explain the BCS theory in detail. PO1, PO2

22 Explain general properties of super conductors . Give two applications PO1, PO2




10

Question

No. Questions

PO

Attainment

UNIT – 5: PHYSICS OF NANOMATERIALS PART-A (Two Marks Questions)

1 Define nanomaterials PO1, PO12

2 Describe the significance of nanoscale PO1, PO12

3 Explain quantum confinement. PO1, PO12

4 Name the Types of Nano materials. PO1, PO12

5 Show how surface to volume ratio change for nanoscale PO1,PO12

6 Show how the thermal properties vary in nanomaterials. PO1, PO12

7 List the physical properties vary in nanomaterials. PO1,PO12

8 Name the two methods for nano materials preparation. PO1,PO12

9 Explain how the optical properties vary in nanoparticels. PO1,PO12

10 List two applications of nanomateraials. PO1,PO12

11 Explain how the magnetic properties vary in nanomaterials? PO1,PO12

12 Explain how the mechanical properties vary in nanomaterials? PO1,PO12

13 Explain how the electrical properties vary in nanomaterials? PO1,PO12


1 Describe nanomaterials? Give their properties. PO1, PO12

2 Describe fabrication of nanomaterials (top down and bottom up approaches ) PO1, PO12

3 Describe in detail the ball milling method of nanomaterials fabrication. PO1, PO12

4 a) Explain how nanometerials are fabricated using chemical vapour deposition method.

b) Mention three application of nanomaterials. PO1, PO12

5 Explain the Basic principle of nanomaterials. PO1, PO12

6 List out the applications of nannomaterials. PO1, PO12

7 Explain the physical and Chemical properties of nanomaterials. PO1, PO12

***GOOD LUCK***

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