Efficacy of a brief nurse-led psychosocial intervention for cancer patients in Singapore.

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Efficacy of a Brief Nurseled Psychosocial Interven9on for Cancer Pa9ents in Singapore R Mahendran, HA Lim, J Chua SE Lim, EH Kua Dept of Psychological Medicine, Na9onal University Health System, Dept of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Na9onal University of Singapore, Na9onal University Cancer Ins9tute, Singapore

Transcript of Efficacy of a brief nurse-led psychosocial intervention for cancer patients in Singapore.

Efficacy  of  a  Brief  Nurse-­‐led  Psychosocial  Interven9on  for  Cancer  

Pa9ents  in  Singapore  

R  Mahendran,  HA  Lim,  J  Chua  SE  Lim,  EH  Kua  Dept  of  Psychological  Medicine,  Na9onal  University  Health  System,  Dept  of  Psychological  Medicine,  Yong  Loo  Lin  School  of  Medicine  

Na9onal  University  of  Singapore,  Na9onal  University  Cancer  Ins9tute,  Singapore  

Background  

•  Distress  and  other  psychological  issues  are  common  amongst  pa9ents  with  cancer  

 •  Pa9ent  preference  for  informal  nurse-­‐interac9ons  

•  Could  effec9ve  nurse-­‐interac9ons  be  facilitated?      

Background  

•  Communica9on  skills  not  always  op9mal  (Fallowfield  &  Jenkins,  1999)  

•  Low  self-­‐efficacy  in  dealing  with  emo9onal  issues  (Parle,  Maguire  &  Heaven  1997)  

•  Introduc9on  of  a  Training  Program  at  Na9onal  University  Cancer  Ins9tute,  Singapore  (NCIS)  

Training  Program  for  Nurses  at  NCIS  

•  Introduce  psychosocial  aspects  of  cancer  care  

•  Teach  early  iden9fica9on  of  psychological  symptoms  

•  Enhance  communica9ons  skills  and  counseling  techniques  

 

Format  of  Training  Program  •  Large  group  didac9c  session    

–  Introduc9on  of  screening  tools  such  as  Distress  Thermometer,  Symptoms  of  distress,  anxiety  and  depression  

–  Case  presenta9ons  –  Guided  through  experien9al  relaxa9on  strategies  such  as  Progressive  Muscle  Relaxa9on,  Deep  Breathing  Exercises  

•  Small  Group      –  Worked  through  case  scenarios,  role-­‐play  and  facilitator-­‐led  discussions  

•  Reading  Materials  

Effec9veness  of  the  Training  Program  

•  Knowledge,  A\tudes  and  Prac9ce  Behaviors  of  Nurses  assessed  pre-­‐,  post-­‐training,  at  six  weeks  and  12  weeks.  

•  Applied  knowledge  and  prac9ce  behaviors  in  providing  psychosocial  care  and  sustained  at  6  weeks  but  a  slight  dip  at  12  weeks  

Knowledge,  A,tudes  and  Prac4ce  Behaviors  (KAPb)  of  Nurses  and  the  Effec4veness  of  a  Training  Program  in  Psychosocial  Cancer  Care.  R  Mahendran,  J  Chua,  CX  Peh,  HA  Lim,  E  NK  Ang,  SE  Lim,  EH  Kua.  Suppor4ve  Care  in  Cancer.  2014.  

Selec9on  of  Senior  Nurses  to  Provide  Brief  Psychosocial  Interven9ons    

•  Nursing  decision  –  nurse  managers,  some  with  counseling  training,  aaended  Clinical  teaching  rounds  and  Psychotherapy  teaching  rounds  with  the  Dept  of  Psychological  Medicine  

•  On-­‐going  Training  and  review  of  problem  cases    

•  Support  from  Clinical  Psychologist  and  Psychiatrist  

Nurse-­‐led  Psychosocial  Interven9ons  •  Twenty  minute  face-­‐to-­‐face  sessions  at  first  visit,  monthly  for  3  months  

then  bimonthly  for  six  months.  

•  Screening  for  Distress  for  all  new  cases  and  follow-­‐up  –  Iden9fica9on  of  problems  (DT  Problem  List)  –  HADS  Ques9onnaire  

•  Psycho-­‐educa9on  on  for  physical  symptoms,  sleep,  diet,  lifestyle  and  ac9vi9es;  distress,  anxiety  and  depression  symptom  recogni9on;  Cogni9ve  and  behavioral  relaxa9on  techniques    

•  Cancer-­‐Line    –  Referral  for  assistance,  e.g.,  Social  worker  for  financial  counseling,  assistance  –  Referral  to  psychologist/psychiatrist  as  required.  

Study  on  the  Efficacy  of  Brief  Nurse-­‐led  Interven9ons  

•  Ethics  Approval  (NUS  IRB).  •  Funded  under  a  Healthcare  Quality  Improvement  and  

Innova9on  Project  (HQIIF),  Ministry  of  Health,  Singapore  

•  New  Pa9ents  at  the  Medical  Oncology  clinics  NCIS  •  Open-­‐label  •  ‘Control  Group’  -­‐  those  who  were  not  keen  for  any  

interven9on  •  First  visit  and  monthly  for  3  months,  then  bimonthly  for  6  

months  –  (Data  presented  is  for  Baseline  and  5  months).  

Par9cipants  

•  121  outpa9ents  were  offered  the  interven9on  –  79  Women  (65%)  –  115  Living  with  Parent/Child/Spouse/Friend/  Rela9ve/Tenant  (95%)  

– Mixed-­‐cancers  (38%  breast;  10%  NPC;  10%  lung);  mixed-­‐stages  

–  All  receiving  chemotherapy;    75  completed  surgery  (62%)  

•  70  were  keen  and  51  received  ‘TAU’  –  No  significant  differences  in  demography  between  interven9on  and  TAU  (all  χ2  comparisons  p  >  .05).  

Demography  

3  

6  

35  

39  

23  

11  

3  

Age  

21-­‐30  years  

31-­‐40  years  

41-­‐50  years  

51-­‐60  years  

61-­‐70  years  

71-­‐80  years  

≥81  years  

85  

13  

7   15  

Ethnicity  

Chinese  

Malay  

Indian  

Others  

4  

18  

48  

35  

Educa9on  

No  formal  

Primary  

Secondary  

≥  Ter9ary  Numbers  represent  frequency.  Not  all  subjects  answered  all  items.  

Baseline  Results  

•  Baseline  differences  in  anxiety,  depression,  quality  of  life  (QOL),  and  distress  between  interven9on  and  TAU.  – ANXIETY:  t(102.68)  =  7.25,  p  <  .001  – DEPRESSION:  t(114.22)  =  5.66,  p  <  .001  – DISTRESS:  t(119)  =  6.61,  p  <  .001  – QOL:  t(106.03)  =  -­‐2.50,  p  =  .014  

Comparison  of  Baseline  Distress,  Anxiety,  Depression,  and  QOL  Scores  between  Interven9on  and  TAU  Groups  

2.51  3.08  

1.96  

7.82  7.31  

4.96  

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

7  

8  

9  

Anxiety   Depression   Distress  

HADS

-­‐A/-­‐D  /  DT

 

TAU  (N=51)   Interven9on  (N=70)  

63.63  

73.24  

58  

60  

62  

64  

66  

68  

70  

72  

74  

QOL  

EQ-­‐5D-­‐VA

S  

Follow-­‐up  Results  •  63  assessed  at  baseline  and  5  months  (Follow-­‐up  rate:  

52%).  

•  No  significant  differences  in  demography  between  followed-­‐up  and  lost  to  follow-­‐up  (all  χ2  comparisons    p  >  .05).  

•  Those  lost  to  follow-­‐up  had  higher  anxiety  and  depression  at  baseline.  –  ANXIETY:  t(90.42)  =  2.71,  p  =  .008;    Followed  vs.  lost  (4.37  vs.  6.88)  

–  DEPRESSION:  t(117)  =  2.62,  p  =  .010;    Followed  vs.  lost  (4.44  vs.  6.68)  

Efficacy  of  Brief  Nurse-­‐led  Interven9ons  

•  Significant  differences  in  anxiety,  depression,  QOL,  and  distress  in  interven9on  across  9me.  – ANXIETY:  F[1,59]  =  52.26,  p  <  .001  – DEPRESSION:  F[1,59]  =  26.63,  p  <  .001  – DISTRESS:  F[1,61]  =  12.55,  p  =  .001  – QOL:  F[1,55]  =  5.61,  p  =  .021  

•  No  significant  differences  in  TAU  scores  across  9me.  

TAU  (N=34)   Interven9on  (N=29)  

Comparisons  of  Anxiety  and  Depression  Scores  between  Interven9on  and  TAU  Groups  across  Time  

2.51  

1.12  

7.82  

1.74  

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

7  

8  

Baseline   5  months  

HADS

-­‐A  

Anxiety  

3.08  

1.85  

7.31  

2.22  

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

7  

8  

Baseline   5  months  

HADS

-­‐D  

Depression  

Comparisons  of  Distress  and  QOL  Scores  between  Interven9on  and  TAU  Groups  across  Time  

73.24   73.33  

63.63  

75.00  

60  

62  

64  

66  

68  

70  

72  

74  

76  

Baseline   5  months  

EQ-­‐5D-­‐VA

S  

QOL  

1.96   2.12  

4.96  

2.52  

0  

1  

2  

3  

4  

5  

6  

Baseline   5  months  

DT  

Distress  

TAU  (N=34)   Interven9on  (N=29)  

Conclusions  

•  Nurse-­‐led  interven9ons  may  be  sufficient  in  managing  pre-­‐clinical  levels  of  distress,  anxiety  and  depression  in  cancer  pa9ents  

•  Must  be  supported  by  appropriate  nurse  training  and  development