University of the Philippines

Diliman, Quezon City

National College of Public Administration and Governance

In fulfillment of the requirements in

PA 199.2: Research Methods in Public Administration II

Assessment and Evaluation of the Implementation of

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

in the Municipalities of Maria Aurora and Dipaculao

in the Province of Aurora in relation to

Community’s Knowledge Management

Submitted by:

Damazo, Frances Grace

Estrella, Raymond

Nadal, Eveanne Seneca

Pagdanganan, Jasmin

Plomillo, Rea Chill

1

Assessment and Evaluation of the Implementation of

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010 or RA 10121in the Municipalities of

Maria Aurora and Dipaculao in the Province of Aurora

in relation to Community’s Knowledge

Management

Submitted by:

Damazo, Frances Grace P.

Estrella, Raymond R.

Nadal, Eveanne Seneca

Pagdanganan, Jasmin Y.

Plomillo, Rea Chill C.

Submitted to:

Prof. Noriel Christopher Tiglao

Assessment and Evaluation of the Implementation of

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010 or RA 10121in the Municipalities of

Maria Aurora and Dipaculao in the Province of Aurora

in relation to Community’s Knowledge

Management

Submitted by:

Damazo, Frances Grace P.

Estrella, Raymond R.

Nadal, Eveanne Seneca

Pagdanganan, Jasmin Y.

Plomillo, Rea Chill C.

Submitted to:

Prof. Noriel Christopher Tiglao

201

3 University of the Philippines

National College of Public Administration and Governance

Diliman, Quezon City

PA 199.2:

Research Methods in

Public Administration II

ABSTRACT

Natural and human-induced disasters are rampant in certain areas around the globe,

especially in disaster-prone and risk-vulnerable countries. In the Philippines, where most of the

provinces are susceptible to both natural and human-induced disasters, disaster risk management

acquires gradually more crucial to government’s interference. This paper briefly discusses the

Philippine Disaster Risk and Management Act (PDRMA) of 2010 and how it is being

implemented and operationalized. After reviewing the main ideas of the PDRMA, e.g. adaptation

of a holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive disaster risk reduction and management

approach that will eventually help lessen the socio-economic and environmental impacts of

disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors

and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community; this paper assesses

the current state of the implementation and operationalization of the PDRMA in the

municipalities of Maria Aurora and Dipaculao in the province of Aurora to ascertain whether the

objectives of the law were successfully met in relation to Community Knowledge Management.

The study will employ both quantitative and qualitative techniques in gathering the data and then

will evaluate the findings in coastal and land locked areas respectively.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our group would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the following institution and

people who helped in making this research study possible and successful: our parents for their

unconditional love and for being our source of inspiration to pull this research off; to the local

governments of Maria Aurora and Dipaculao in Aurora for uncomplainingly providing us the

necessary information about the province’s DRRM programs and for determinedly helping us

identify the key variables that helped us understand the subject matter even more; to the 200

respondents for sharing us their knowledge, time, effort, concerns and as well as great stories; to

our thesis adviser, Professor Noriel Christopher Tiglao, for unwaveringly directing us in every

step of the way and for stanchly providing us pertinent information about our research topic; to

our ‘Ate’, Ms. Vivian Rose Villadolid Velasco, for solidly supporting and helping us in every

way she can and truthfully, at the end of the day, we just want to make her loud and proud; to our

friends, Jazelle Anne, Christine Joy, Patricia Anne, Karen, Fatima Ayesha, Mark Gil, Sigrid, Cez

Martina and the rest of UP NCPAG batch 2013 for continuously giving us contagious optimism

to finish this research study strong; and last, but not the least, our Almighty God for giving us

spiritual strengths.

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction …………………………………………………………………….. 8

1.1 Background of the study ………………………………………………………… 8

1.2 Statement of the problem ………………………………………………………… 10

1.3 Research objectives ………………………………………………………………. 12

1.4 Significance of the study …………………………………………………………. 13

1.5 Scope and limitation ……………………………………………………………… 14

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature ...................................................................... 15

2.1 Brief history ………………………………………………………………………. 15

2.2 Review ……………………………………………………………………………. 15

Chapter 3: Method ………………………………………………………………………….. 34

3.1 Purpose …………………………………………………………………………… 34

3.2 Paradigm ………………………………………………………………………….. 34

3.3 Study design ……………………………………………………………………… 35

3.4 Population and Sample …………………………………………………………… 37

3.5 Investigative techniques ………………………………………………………….. 39

3.6 Instrumentation …………………………………………………………………… 39

3.7 Data Collections ………………………………………………………………….. 41

3.8 Data Analysis Plan ……………………………………………………………….. 42

3.9 Ethical Consideration …………………………………………………………….. 42

3.10 Bias ……………………………………………………………………………… 43

3.11 Assumptions …………………………………………………………………….. 44

3.12 Limitations ………………………………………………………………………. 44

Chapter 4: Results and Discussions ………………………………………………………… 45

Chapter 5: Inference ………………………………………………………………………… 103

Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………….

Annex

4

LIST OF TABLES

1: Data Collection Schedule

2: Case Process Summary

3: Age – Municipality Cross Tabulation

4: Age – Barangay Cross Tabulation

5: Eduation – Barangay Cross Tabulation

6: Frequency Distribution Table (FDT) – Respondents

7: FDT – Age

8: FDT – Education

9: Percentage per Municipality

10: Percentage per Barangay

11: FDT – Housing - Knowledge on the topography of land where the house is built

12: FDT – Housing - Knowledge on the over-all house safety in case of disaster

13: FDT – Housing - Knowledge on the safety of appliances/furniture at home

14: FDT – Housing - Knowledge on safety of the houses in their community in case of

disaster

15: FDT – Storage - Preparedness (Emergency kits)

16: FDT – Storage - Preparedness (Emergency stocks)

17: FDT – Storage - Preparedness (Adequacy of emergency kits and stocks)

18: FDT – Storage - Preparedness (Adequacy of emergency kits, stocks & rescue equipment at

the community level)

19: FDT – Shelter/Evacuation - Knowledge on the presence of the evacuation/shelter site

20: FDT – Shelter/Evacuation - Knowledge on the location of the evacuation site

21: FDT – Shelter/Evacuation - Knowledge on the safety of the evacuation site (Physical

structure)

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22: FDT – Shelter/Evacuation - Knowledge on the safety of the evacuation site

(Topography)

23: FDT – LGU Support - Knowledge on LGU support in case of disasters

24: FDT – LGU Support - Knowledge on suitability of LGU support in case of disasters

25: FDT – LGU Support - Knowledge LGU DRRM programs

26: FDT – LGU Support - Knowledge on the adequacy of LGU DRRM efforts

27: FDT – Community Linkage - Level of personal participation in DRRM programs of

the LGU

28: FDT – Community Linkage - Level of community participation in DRRM programs of the

LGU

29: FDT – Community Linkage - Community participation on DRRM issues

30: FDT – Community Linkage - Knowledge on the importance of community efforts to

LGU DRRM programs

31: Materials used at home

32: Housing – Descriptive

33: Housing – Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

34: Storage – Descriptive

35: Storage – ANOVA

36: Shelter/Evacuation – Descriptive

37: Shelter/Evacuation – ANOVA

38: LGU Support – Descriptive

39: LGU Support – ANOVA

40: Community Linkage – Descriptive

41: Community Linkage – ANOVA

42: Dipaculao Calamity Critical Routes

43: Dipaculao Evacuation Centers for each Barangay in the Municipality

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44: Dipaculao Contingency Plan on Flooding

45: Dipaculao Contingency Plan on Landslide

LIST OF FIGURES

1: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework

2: Research Structure

3: Maria Aurora and Dipaculao Maps

4: Survey Process: Designing and Integrating a Survey

5: Age Distribution per Municipality Bar Chart

6: Age Distribution per Barangay Bar Chart

7: Education per Municipality Bar Chart

8: Education per Barangay Bar Chart

9: Dipaculao’s Incident Command System

10: Hazard Map of Dipaculao for Floods

11: Hazard Map of Dipaculao for Rain-induced Landslides

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ACRONYMS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

ADRC – Asian Disaster Reduction Center

ANOVA – Analysis of Variance

APSEMO – Albay Public Safety, Emergency and Management Office

CBDRM – Community-Based Disaster Risk Management

DRRM – Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

FDT – Frequency Distribution Table

HFA – Hyogo Framework for Action

ICS – Incident Command System

LGUs – Local Government Units

LDRRMC – Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Councils

MDGs – Millennium Development Goals

NDCC – National Disaster Coordinating Council

NDRRMC – National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

NDRRMF – National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework

NGO – Non-government organization

OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation Development

PHIVOLCS – Philippine Institute on Volcanology and Seismology

UNESCAP – United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The Philippines is an archipelagic country situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Because of

its geographic location, the country is prone to almost all types of natural hazards like

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and landslides. In addition to these natural disasters

which became heightened because of Climate Change, there is also the prevalence of man-made

catastrophes.

It was estimated that from 1994-2003, almost 2.5 billion people were affected worldwide

by natural disasters alone, with Asia as the continent most affected. Based from its geology, the

Philippines is also home to three hundred (300) volcanoes, twenty-two (22) of which are active.

According to the Philippine Institute on Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the

Philippines experience an average of five (5) earthquakes per day. In addition to earthquakes and

volcanic eruptions, the Philippines is also along typhoon path. In the Philippines alone, the

average number of typhoons that hit the country every year is twenty (20), half of these are

destructive. For the periods 1997-2007, eighty-four (84) tropical cyclones entered the Philippine

Area of Responsibility which left a total of 13,155 human casualties. An estimated Php15 Billion

or US $ 300 Million was spent by the Philippine Government from 1970-2000 for the annual

damage brought about by these calamities. Every year the government has an estimated spending

of Php 20 Billion on direct damages. A study made by the Hazard Management Unit of the

World Bank in 2005 listed the Philippines as among the countries whose large percentage of its

population reside in disaster prone areas. In 2011, the World Risk Report published by United

9

Nations University and the Institute of Environment and Human Security ranked the Philippines

as the third most disaster risk country worldwide. Disasters, whether natural or human-made,

affect everyone, especially the poor, children, women and the elderly who have the least

capability to deal with disasters. (Duque, 2005) The Philippine Government, in recognition of the

critical state of the country in terms of hazards and calamities, has put into place various

mechanisms to address the issue at hand.

The Philippine Disaster Management System is carried out by the National Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), formerly called the National Disaster

Coordinating Council (NDCC). It is under the Department of National Defense and acts as the

top coordinator of disaster management in the country. Disaster Risk Management has been

defined as the:

systematic process of using administrative decisions, organization, operational skills and

capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and

communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and

technological disasters. This comprises all forms of activities, including structural and

non- structural measures to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness)

adverse effects of hazards. (NDCC, 2009)

In 2005, the Philippines is among the one hundred sixty-eight (168) states that adopted

the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) which serves as a global blueprint on disaster risk

reduction. In the same light, in the year 2010, RA 10121 otherwise known as the Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 was put into place. The act aims to

strengthen institutional capacity for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) which

10