dictionary of - military terms - BDU

DICTIONARY OFMILITARY TERMS

THIRD EDITION

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DICTIONARY OFMILITARY TERMS

THIRD EDITION

Richard Bowyer

A & C Black � London

Originally published in 1999 byPeter Collin Publishing

Second edition published 2002Third edition published 2004 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

Reprinted 2007 byA&C Black Publishers Ltd

38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB

Copyright © Richard Bowyer 1999, 2002, 2004Copyright © A&C Black and Richard Bowyer 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any formor by any means without the prior written permission of the publishers.

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0210-7

Text Production and ProofreadingKaty McAdam, Heather Bateman, Stephen Curtis, Emma Harris

This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown inmanaged, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The

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PrefaceEnglish is the language most frequently used in international military andpeacekeeping operations. This dictionary aims to provide a basic vocabulary ofBritish and American terms relating to the three services, and covers subjects suchas rank, organization, training, operations in the field, logistics, radiocommunications, and some of the more common weapons and equipmentcurrently in use. In addition, there are selected items of general vocabularyrelating to geography, terrain, weather, medical treatment and other relevantmatters. New terms used by the media in reporting on recent conflicts are alsoincluded, making this an ideal reference source for anyone involved in teachingEnglish to the military or armed police forces.

Definitions are written in simple English, making them easily accessible toanyone with a basic knowledge of the language, and phonetic symbols are used toshow the correct pronunciation. Encyclopedic comments are provided wherenecessary and most entries include example sentences, showing how the wordsand expressions are used in practice.

At the back of the book is a supplement of further useful information on topicssuch as ranks, the phonetic alphabet, formal orders, and military groupingsymbols.

PronunciationThe following symbols have been used to show the pronunciation of the mainwords in the dictionary.

Stress is indicated by a main stress mark ( � ) and a secondary stress mark ( � ) .Note that these are only guides, as the stress of the word changes according to itsposition in the sentence.

Vowels Consonants

� back b buckɑ� harm d deadɒ stop ð othera type d� jumpaυ how f fareaə hire � goldaυə hour h headɔ� course j yellowɔ annoy k cabe head l leaveeə fair m mixe make n nileυ go ŋ sing�� word p printi� keep r resti happy s saveə about ʃ shop fit t takeə near tʃ changeu annual θ theftu� pool v valueυ book w workυə tour x loch' shut � measure

z zone

ALPHA - AaA1 Echelon

A1 Echelon /�e �wɒn �eʃəlɒn/ nouncombat suppliesA2 Echelon

A2 Echelon /�e �tu� �eʃəlɒn/ noun ra-tions, spares, clothing, etc.A-4

A-4 /�e �fɔ�/ noun an American-de-signed multirole attack aircraft, de-signed to operate from an aircraft carri-er. Also called Skyhawk (NOTE: Theplural is A-4s /�e �fɔ�z/.)A-6

A-6 /�e �sks/ noun an American-de-signed ground-attack aircraft, designedto operate from an aircraft carrier. Alsocalled Intruder (NOTE: The plural is A-6s /�e �sksz/.)A-7

A-7 /�e �sevən/ noun an American-de-signed ground-attack aircraft. Alsocalled Corsair (NOTE: The plural is A-7s /�e �sevənz/.)A-10

A-10 /�e �ten/ noun an American-de-signed ground-attack aircraft. Alsocalled Thunderbolt, Warthog, Tank-buster (NOTE: The plural is A-10s /�e�tenz/.)A-40

A-40 /�e �fɔ�ti/ noun a Soviet-de-signed airborne early warning and con-trol (AEW & C) aircraft with a largedisc-like antenna (radome) mounted onthe fuselage (NOTE: known to NATO asMainstay)AA

AA abbreviation anti-aircraftAAA

AAA abbreviation anti-aircraft artilleryAAAV

AAAV /�e e e �vi�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed amphibious infantryfighting vehicle (IFV), which is de-signed to disembark from a landing shipat a considerable distance from theshore and is capable of travelling on wa-ter at high speed. Full form advancedamphibious assault vehicleAAC

AAC abbreviation Army Air CorpsAAM

AAM abbreviation air-to-air missile

AAR

AAR /�e e �ɑ�/ noun US the debriefingheld at the conclusion of an exercise, inwhich the participants discuss their per-formance with the umpires. Full formafter action reviewAardvark

Aardvark /�ɑ�dvɑ�k/ noun an unoffi-cial name for the American-designed F-111 fighter bomberAAV-7A1

AAV-7A1 /�e e vi� �sevən e �w�n/noun an American-designed amphibi-ous tractor. Full form amphibious as-sault vehicle seven. Also calledLanding Vehicle Tracked Personnel(LVTP)AAW

AAW abbreviation anti-air warfareAAWS

AAWS abbreviation anti-air warfaresystemAB

AB abbreviation able ratingabandon

abandon /ə|�b�ndən/ verb 1. to leavea vehicle or ship (usually for reasons ofsafety) � The captain gave the order toabandon ship. 2. to leave behind � Wehad to abandon large quantities of am-munition during the retreat. 3. to termi-nate an enterprise before it has beencompleted � Poor visibility forced us toabandon the remainder of patrol. �

abortabandoned

abandoned /ə |�b�ndənd/ adjectivedeserted � We found the enemy trenchesabandoned.abatis

abatis /��bəts, ə|�b�ts/ noun an ob-stacle constructed by felling trees toblock a likely approach � The road wasblocked by an abatis.Abbot

Abbot /��bət/ noun a British 105mmself-propelled howitzer (SPH)ABCCC

ABCCC /�e bi� �si� si� �si�/ noun US acommand team operating from a C-130aircraft, in order to coordinate close air

MilTerms.fm Page 1 Tuesday, June 15, 2004 11:17 AM

abeam 2

support. Full form airborne com-mand, control and communicationsabeam

abeam /ə �bi�m/ adverb at right anglesto the length of a ship or aircraft � Thetorpedo missed because we weren’tproperly abeam of the target.able rating

able rating /�eb(ə)l �retŋ/ noun thelowest non-commissioned rank in thenavy (equivalent of an experienced orwell-qualified private soldier in the ar-my). Also called able seaman. AbbrAB (NOTE: The ranks of ordinary rat-ing and junior rating were abolished inApril 1999)ablutions

ablutions /ə|�blu�ʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun aroom or building containing washingfacilities and toilets � The ablutionswere in a filthy state.aboard

aboard /ə|�bɔ�d/ adverb on or onto aboat or ship or aircraft or vehicle � Heis already aboard. � Come aboard. Alsocalled on boardabode

abode /ə|�bəυd/ noun a homeabort

abort /ə|�bɔ�t/ verb to stop an enter-prise before it has been completed � Wewere forced to abort the mission. �

abandonabortive

abortive /ə|�bɔ�tv/ adjective unsuc-cessful � The enemy launched severalabortive attacks.about

about /ə |�baυt/ adverb the opposite di-rection to that which you are now facing� about turn! turn around and face theopposite direction (drill command)Abrams

Abrams /�ebrəmz/ noun an Ameri-can 1980s-era main battle tankabreast

abreast /ə|�brest/ adverb side by sideand facing the same direction � The in-fantry advanced in line abreast. � Thetanks halted abreast of each other.abseil

abseil /��bsel/ verb to descend, usinga rope � We had to abseil down the cliff.� rappelabsent

absent /��bsənt/ adjective away froma military unit (usually without permis-sion) � He’s been absent for three days.� AWOLabsent without leave

absent without leave /��bsənt w|

�ðaυt li�v/ adjective full form of AWOLAB triple C

AB triple C /�e bi� �trp(ə)l �si�/ nounsame as ABCCC

AC

AC /�e �si�/ abbreviation aircraftman �

noun a type of blood agent. Full formhydrogen cyanide. Also called HCNA/C

A/C abbreviation aircraftAC-130

AC-130 /�e si� w�n �θ$�t/ noun aground-attack variant of the HerculesC-130 transport aircraft

COMMENT: Despite its age and old-fashioned appearance, the AC-130possesses an enormous amount offirepower and earned itself a fear-some reputation during the Gulf Warof 1991. Its slow speed makes it vul-nerable to surface-to-air missiles, soit is most effective at night. AC-130aircraft are often referred to as gun-ships.

ACC

ACC /�e si� �si�/ noun US the depart-ment of the US forces with overall re-sponsibility for the use of all combataircraft of the US Air Force. Full formAir Combat Command

COMMENT: Air Combat Command isan amalgamation of the former Stra-tegic Air Command (SAC) whichwas responsible for heavy long-range bombers and ICBMs and theformer Tactical Air Command(TAC) which was responsible forfighters and attack aircraft. Inter-con-tinental ballistic missiles are now theresponsibility of Strategic Com-mand (STRATCOM).

access

access /��kses/ noun 1. a way of ap-proaching or entering � Access to thebuilding is at the rear. 2. an opportunityto look at or use � I need access to thecompany records. � verb to activate aprogramme or open a file on a computer� I cannot access the database. (NOTE:As a noun, access is often used with-out the definite or indefinite article.)accessible

accessible /ək|�sesb(ə)l/ adjective 1.approachable � The castle is only acces-sible in good weather. 2. readily availa-ble � That information is not accessibleat the moment.accident

accident /��ksd(ə)nt/ noun 1. physi-cal harm or damage as a result of an er-ror in judgement, defective equipmentor bad luck � There has been an acci-dent on the grenade range. 2. an eventwhich occurs by chance or without ap-parent cause � He was there purely byaccident.


3 acquisition logisticsaccidental

accidental /��ks|�dent(ə)l/ adjectivehappening by chance or as a result of anerror in judgement or defective equip-ment � There will be an official enquiryover the accidental shooting of SgtJones.accidental discharge

accidental discharge/��ksdent(ə)l �ds|tʃɑ�d%/ noun sameas negligent dischargeaccidentally

accidentally /��ks|�dent(ə)li/ adverbby accident � He shot the woman acci-dentally.acclimatization

acclimatization /ə |�klaməta|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, acclimatisation noun theprocess of becoming acclimatizedacclimatize

acclimatize /ə|�klamətaz/, acclima-tise verb 1. to allow someone to be-come accustomed to new conditions(especially climate) � We will need atleast ten days to acclimatize the troopsto the heat. 2. to become accustomed tonew conditions � The men will need atleast ten days to acclimatize.accommodate

accommodate /ə|�kɒmədet/ verb toprovide shelter � We were accommodat-ed in a factory.accommodation

accommodation /ə |�kɒmə|�deʃ(ə)n/noun 1. a place to live � The officer in-spected the soldiers’ accommodation.2. an act of providing shelter � You areresponsible for the accommodation ofrefugees.accomplice

accomplice /ə|�k�mpls/ noun some-one who helps another person to carryout an illegal act � The gunman had anaccomplice.accomplish

accomplish /ə |�k�mplʃ/ verb to com-plete a task successfullyaccoutrements

accoutrements /ə|�ku�trəmənts/plural noun a soldier’s equipment, notincluding clothing or weaponsaccusation

accusation /��kju�|�zeʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of saying that a person has car-ried out an illegal act � He has made anaccusation of sabotage against you.accuse

accuse /ə|�kju�z/ verb to say that aperson has carried out an illegal act �

He was accused of war crimes.ACE

ACE abbreviation 1. Allied CommandEurope 2. armoured combat earthmover

acetate

acetate /��stet/ noun clear plasticsheeting, used for map overlaysachieve

achieve /ə|�tʃi�v/ verb to complete atask successfully � We have achievedour mission. � to achieve a solution tohave a target in the sights of a guidedweapon, with the guidance system acti-vated � He achieved a solution on theleading plane. � lock-onachievement

achievement /ə|�tʃi�vmənt/ noun asuccessful completion of a task � It wasa great military achievement.acknowledge

acknowledge /ək|�nɒld%/ verb 1. toconfirm that a piece of information hasbeen received and understood 2. to rec-ognize that something is trueacknowledgement

acknowledgement /ək|

�nɒld%mənt/ noun 1. confirmation thata piece of information has been re-ceived and understood 2. recognitionthat something is trueACLANT

ACLANT abbreviation Allied Com-mand AtlanticACMI

ACMI /�e si� em �a, ��km/ noun acomputerized data system, which isused during air-to-air combat exercisesto provide exercise controllers with in-formation concerning an individual air-craft’s speed, altitude, heading, etc. �

Each aircraft was fitted with an ACMIpod. Full form air combat manoeu-vring and instrumentationACP

ACP abbreviation ammunition controlpointacquire

acquire /ə|�kwaə/ verb 1. to obtainsomething � Where did you acquire thatfood? 2. to have a target in the sights ofa weapon � He acquired the tank withhis thermal imaging sight. 3. to selectand lock onto a target using a weapon-guidance system � This missile can ac-quire a target automatically.acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome /ə |�kwaəd �mjυnəυd|

�fʃ(ə)nsi �sndrəυm/ noun full form ofAIDSacquisition

acquisition /��kw|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of acquiring � He is responsible forthe acquisition of food from local sourc-es.acquisition logistics

acquisition logistics /��kw|

�zʃ(ə)n lə|�d%stks/ noun the logistics


ACR 4

involved in acquiring supplies, build-ings and other material for armed forcesACR

ACR1 abbreviation armoured cavalryregimentACR

ACR2 /�e si� �ɑ�/ noun an administra-tive centre on an aircraft carrier, whichdeals with administration concerningthe actual aircraft. Full form aircraftcontrol roomact

act /�kt/ noun something which isdone � act of aggression unprovokedattack � in the act in the process of do-ing something � We caught them in theact of planting the bomb. � verb 1. to dosomething � We were forced to act whenthe man was shot. 2. to do someoneelse’s job on a temporary basis � Heacted as platoon sergeant during the fi-nal exercise.acting

acting /��ktŋ/ adjective doing some-one else’s job on a temporary basis � Heis the acting platoon sergeant at the mo-ment. Compare substantiveaction

action /��kʃən/ noun 1. somethingwhich is done � You are responsible foryour own actions. � to take action to dosomething 2. an engagement with theenemy � There were several small ac-tions during the afternoon. � to remainin action to stay active � verb to causesomething to be done (by another per-son) � I have actioned your request fora transfer.action stations

action stations /��kʃən �steʃ(ə)nz/plural noun a state of readiness for bat-tleactivate

activate /��ktvet/ verb to make adevice operate � The device is activatedby pressing this button.active

active /��ktv/ adjective 1. operating� Enemy special forces are active inyour area. 2. working or ready to work� The device is now active. 3. relating tonight-viewing devices which require anexternal source of infrared (IR) light inorder to operate. Compare passiveactive list

active list /��ktv �lst/ noun a list ofofficers available for active serviceactive service

active service /��ktv �s$�vs/ nounservice in a war zone (NOTE: In the Brit-ish armed forces, the term active serv-ice is only used when the nation is offi-

cially at war. For counter-insurgencyand peacekeeping operations, the termoperational service is used.)active service unit

active service unit /��ktv �s$�vs�ju�nt/ noun a small group used by theIrish Republican Army (IRA) to carryout a terrorist attack. Abbr ASUactivist

activist /��ktvst/ noun a person,normally holding extreme views, whobelieves in the use of action rather thandebate in order to achieve their politicalaims � The rioting was started by left-wing activists.activity

activity /�k |�tvti/ noun several dif-ferent actions or an action which is car-ried out repeatedly or over a period oftime � There has been very little enemyactivity today.Adamsite

Adamsite /��dəmzat/ noun same asDMadapt

adapt /ə|�d�pt/ verb 1. to alter or tomodify � The APC has been adapted tocarry surveillance equipment. 2. tomodify your behaviour in order to meeta change in circumstances � We mustadapt to these new tactics.ADC

ADC abbreviation aide-de-campadd

add /�d/ verb 1. to join one thing to an-other in order to increase the quantity 2.to correct artillery or mortar fire so thatthe rounds land further away from theobserver � Add 200! add 200 metres.Compare dropad hoc

ad hoc /��d �hɒk/ a Latin phrasemeaning ‘formed for a specific pur-pose’ � They were organized into an adhoc unit.Adj

Adj abbreviation adjutantadjust

adjust /ə|�d%�st/ verb 1. to change theposition of something � He adjusted thestraps on his rucksack. 2. to direct artil-lery or mortar fire onto a target by ob-serving the fall of shot and sending cor-rections back to the gun line � The ene-my artillery is adjusting onto BCompany’s position.adjustable wrench

adjustable wrench /ə|�d%�stəb(ə)l�rentʃ/ noun a large spanner which canbe adjusted to undo various sizes of nutadjusting fire

adjusting fire /ə|�d%�stŋ �faə/ nounthe firing of a single round by one gun


5 advice

or mortar so that a forward observer canobserve the fall of shotadjustment

adjustment /ə|�d%�stmənt/ noun 1.an act of changing the position of some-thing � He made several minor adjust-ments to the weapon sight. 2. the proc-ess of adjusting artillery or mortar fire �We will need at least fifteen minutes foradjustment. 3. corrections calculated bya forward observer after observing thefall of shot of an artillery or mortarround � The guns were on target aftermy first adjustment.adjutant

adjutant /��d%ətənt/ noun a battalionofficer (usually a captain) who acts asthe commanding officer’s assistant andis also responsible for discipline. AbbrAdj (NOTE: In certain other armies, ad-jutant is synonymous with aide-de-camp (ADC).)Adjutant-General

Adjutant-General /��d%υtənt�d%en(ə)rəl/ noun a top administrativepost in the armyAdjutant General’s Corps

Adjutant General’s Corps/��d%υtənt �d%en(ə)rəlz �kɔ�/ noun abranch of the armed services whichdeals mainly with personnel and admin-istration. Abbr AGCAdm

Adm abbreviation admiraladmin

admin /��dmn/ noun administration(informal ) � I’ve got a lot of admin todo.administer

administer /əd|�mnstə/ verb to man-age a unit or organizationadministrate

administrate /əd|�mnstret/ verb toadminister on a national or regional lev-el � He was sent out to administrate theregion.administration

administration /əd |�mn|�streʃ(ə)n/noun 1. the day-to-day management ofa unit or organization � I am responsiblefor administration. 2. government � Thelocal administration is extremely un-helpful.administrative

administrative /əd |�mnstrətv/ ad-jective relating to administrationadministrative tasks

administrative tasks /əd|

�mnstrətv �tɑ�sks/ plural noun tasksother than actual fighting (such as theresupply of ammunition, food or fuel,personnel matters, etc.)

admiral

admiral /��dmrəl/ noun a senior offic-er in the British and US navies (usuallyin command of a fleet). Abbr AdmAdmiral of the Fleet

Admiral of the Fleet, Fleet Admiralnoun the highest rank in the Navy. �

rear-admiral, vice-admiralAdmiralty

Admiralty /��dm(ə)rəlti/ noun thedepartment which administers the Roy-al Navyadvance

advance /əd|�vɑ�ns/ adjective 1. early� We will need advance warning for anyammunition requests. 2. forward � Ad-vance units of the enemy have beenseen. � noun 1. movement towards theenemy � The advance will begin at firstlight. 2. progress � In recent years therehave been great advances in the devel-opment of armour. 3. � in advance early� Ammunition bids must be submittedwell in advance. � verb 1. to move for-ward 2. to move towards the enemy �advance to contact a method of locat-ing the enemy by advancing into his ter-ritory until contact is made, whereuponthe leading units or sub-units engagethe enemy, while the main force de-ploys to mount an attackadvanced amphibious assault vehicle

advanced amphibious assaultvehicle /əd|�vɑ�nst �m|�fbiəs ə|�sɔ�lt�vi�k(ə)l/ noun full form of AAAVadvanced medium-range air-to-air missile

advanced medium-range air-to-air missile /əd|�vɑ�nst �mi�diəmrend% �eə tə eə �msal/ noun full formof AMRAAMadvanced short-range air-to-air missile

advanced short-range air-to-airmissile /əd |�vɑ�nst �ʃɔ�t rend% �eə təeə �msal/ noun full form of ASRAAMadvance guard

advance guard /əd|�vɑ�ns �(ɑ�d/noun a small military force which ad-vances between the reconnaissanceunits and the main body of an advanc-ing force, in order to engage the enemyand occupy his attention while the mainbody deploys into attack formation.Compare vanguardadverse

adverse /��dv$�s/ adjective causingdifficulty � We were unable to fly be-cause of adverse weather conditions.advice

advice /əd|�vas/ noun a suggestion asto what should be done � He refused totake my advice.


advise 6advise

advise /əd|�vaz/ verb 1. to suggestwhat should be done � He advised thecolonel to stop the attack. 2. to informsomeone � He was advised that the sit-uation would not improve. � You shouldbe advised that the bridge is not suita-ble for tanks.adviser

adviser /əd|�vazə/ noun a person ap-pointed to give adviceA Echelon

A Echelon /�e �eʃəlɒn/ noun the lo-gistical elements of a tactical groupingAegis

Aegis /�i�d%s/ noun an American-de-signed integrated naval air defence sys-tem (AAWS), consisting of computer-ized radar and other surveillance sys-tems, fire control systems and surface-to-air missiles (SAM)AEO

AEO /�e i� �əυ/ noun an officer respon-sible for ensuring that the aircraft of asquadron are fit to fly. Full form air en-gineering officeraerial

aerial /�eəriəl/ adjective relating to theair � noun a metal wire, rod, mast orstructure used in the receiving andtransmission of radio signals � Enemycommand tanks usually have two aeri-als. � antennaaerial bombardment

aerial bombardment /�eəriəl bɒm|

�bɑ�dmənt/ noun a bombing attack byaircraftaerial photography

aerial photography /�eəriəl fə|

�tɒ(rəfi/ noun photography involvingthe use of aircraftaerial reconnaissance

aerial reconnaissance /�eəriəl r|

�kɒnsəns/ noun reconnaissance usingaircraftaerial torpedo

aerial torpedo /�eəriəl tɔ�|�pi�dəυ/noun a torpedo designed to be droppedby aircraftaerodrome

aerodrome /�eərədrəυm/ noun asmall airbase, airfield or airport (NOTE:This term is now obsolete)aerodynamics

aerodynamics /�eərəυda|�n�mks/noun a study of the effects caused by asolid object moving through air (NOTE:takes a singular verb)aeroplane

aeroplane /�eərəplen/ noun a fixed-wing aircraft (NOTE: The AmericanEnglish term is airplane.)aerosol

aerosol /�eərəsɒl/ noun tiny particlesof solid or liquid matter, which are sus-

pended in the atmosphere (e.g. mist,smoke or vapour) � The agent is deliv-ered as an aerosol.AEW & C

AEW & C /e i� �d�b(ə)lju� ənd �si�/noun a technology which detects enemyaircraft and missiles and then controlsinterception by friendly fighters. Fullform airborne early warning andcontrol. Also called Airborne Warn-ing and Control System (AWACS)affirmative

affirmative /ə |�f$�mətv/ adjectivetrue or accurate � That is affirmative. �

adverb that is correct (radio terminolo-gy) � ‘Hullo 22, this is 2, are you in po-sition yet, over?’ – ‘22, affirmative,over’ Compare negative. � copy, rogeraft

aft /ɑ�ft/ adverb towards the rear of anaircraft or ship � He went aft.after action review

after action review /�ɑ�ftə ��kʃən r |

�vju�/ noun US full form of AARafternoon watch

afternoon watch /�ɑ�ftə|�nu�n wɒtʃ/noun the period of duty from 1200–1600hrsAFV

AFV abbreviation armoured fightingvehicleAFV-432

AFV-432, FV-432 noun a British1960s-era armoured personnel carrier(APC) (NOTE: normally referred to sim-ply as a 432)AGC

AGC abbreviation Adjutant General’sCorpsagent

agent /�ed%ənt/ noun 1. someonewho poses as a civilian in order to gath-er information, carry out assassinationsor acts of sabotage � We arrested twoenemy agents near the missile base. �

spy 2. a chemical used as a weaponAgent Orange

Agent Orange /�ed%(ə)nt �ɒrnd%/noun an American defoliating agentagent provocateur

agent provocateur /��%ɒn prə |

�vɒkə|�t$�r/ noun French words mean-ing ‘agent who provokes’: a person whoprovokes others to start civil disorder orto commit a crime (often by taking parthimself) in order to start a revolution, orto find out who is not reliable, or to en-courage people to commit crimes forwhich they will be arrestedaggression

aggression /ə |�(reʃ(ə)n/ noun hostilebehaviour


7 airbaseaggressive

aggressive /ə|�(resv/ adjective of-fensive (rather than defensive) � The di-visional commander has called for anincrease in aggressive patrolling.aggressive delay

aggressive delay /ə|�(resv d|�le/noun a tactic involving the aggressiveuse of small units to slow down an ad-vancing enemy force so that a main lineof defence can be prepared or strength-enedaggressor

aggressor /ə|�(resə/ noun a nationwhich attacks another nation withoutprovocation � Ruritania is seen as theaggressor in this conflict.aggro

aggro /��(rəυ/ noun disorderly be-haviour leading to violence (informal ) �We’re expecting aggro tonight.AGM

AGM abbreviation air-to-ground mis-sileagreement

agreement /ə|�(ri�mənt/ noun a con-tract made between the authorities ofdifferent nations, or between NATOcommanders and national authoritiesAH-1

AH-1 /�e etʃ �w�n/ noun � Huey Co-braAH-64

AH-64 /�e etʃ sksti �fɔ�/ noun �

ApacheAI

AI abbreviation airborne interceptionaid

aid /ed/ noun help � aid to the civilauthorities military assistance in main-taining public services (such as fire-fighting, refuse collection, etc.) � aid tothe civil powers military assistance tothe police in maintaining law and order� verb to help � to aid and abet to helpand encourage someone to commit acrime (legal term)aide-de-camp

aide-de-camp /�ed də �kɒn/ nounFrench an officer (usually a captain)who acts as a personal assistant to ageneral. Abbr ADC (NOTE: The pluralform is aides-de-camp)aide-mémoire

aide-mémoire /�ed me|�mwɑ�/ nounFrench a book or card containing usefulor specialist information in an easy-to-read format � He left his aide-mémoirein the briefing room.AIDS

AIDS /edz/, Aids noun an infectioncaused by the HIV virus which attacksthe body’s immune system. Full form

acquired immunodeficiency syn-dromeaid worker

aid worker /�ed �w$�kə/ noun a per-son involved in foreign aidAIFV

AIFV /�e a ef �vi�/ noun an American-designed infantry fighting vehicleaileron

aileron /�elə |�rɒn/ noun a moving partof an aircraft wing, which is used tocontrol lateral balanceaim

aim /em/ noun 1. the act of directing aweapon � His aim was unsteady. 2. anintention � Their aim was to disrupt ourcommunications. � verb 1. to direct aweapon at something � He aimed at thetank. 2. to intend � We aim to capturethe bridge intact.AIM

AIM /em, �e a �em/ noun anothername for an air-to-air missile (AAM).Full form air intercept missileaiming mark

aiming mark /�emŋ mɑ�k/ noun thepoint at which one aims, in order to hita targetair

air /eə/ adjective 1. relating to the at-mosphere 2. relating to the use of air-craft � noun 1. the earth’s atmosphere �The air is contaminated with radioac-tive dust. 2. a place where aircraft orbirds can fly � He was ordered to watchthe air. � in the air flying, in flight � theplane is already in the air 3. using air-craft � The battalion deployed by air. �

adverb � in the air (relating to the flankof an army or formation) exposed or un-protected � The enemy’s right flank is inthe air.air-assault

air-assault /�eər ə|�sɔ�lt/ adjective USequipped with their own transport heli-copters and supporting attack helicop-ters � This is an air-assault battalion. �

air cavalryair-assault battalion

air-assault battalion /�eə ə|�sɔ�lt bə |

�t�ljən/ noun a US infantry battalionequipped with its own transport heli-copters and supporting attack helicop-tersair-assault infantry

air-assault infantry /�eə ə|�sɒlt�nfəntri/ noun infantry equipped withtheir own transport helicopters and sup-porting attack helicoptersairbase

airbase /�eəbes/ noun a base for theoperation of military aircraft


airborne 8airborne

airborne /�eəbɔ�n/ adjective 1. carriedby aircraft. Compare air-assault, air-portable 2. deployed by parachute �airborne troops paratroopersairborne command, control and communications

airborne command, control andcommunications /�eəbɔ�n kə|

�mɑ�nd kən |�trəυl ən kəm |�ju�n|

�keʃ(ə)nz/ noun full form of ABCCCairborne early warning and control

airborne early warning and con-trol /�eəbɔ�n �$�l �wɔ�nŋ ən kən |

�trəυl/ noun full form of AEW & Cairborne warning and control system

airborne warning and controlsystem /�eəbɔ�n �wɔ�nŋ ən kən|

�trəυl �sstəm/ noun electronic equip-ment, carried in specially designed air-craft, which detects enemy aircraft ormissiles at long ranges and then coordi-nates their interception by friendly air-craft or missiles. Also called airborneearly warning and control. AbbrAWACairburst

airburst /�eəb$�st/ noun an explosionof an artillery round or missile in the air(above its target)air cavalry

air cavalry /�eə �k�v(ə)lri/ noun USinfantry equipped with their own inte-gral transport helicopters and attackhelicoptersair chief marshal

air chief marshal /�eə tʃi�f�mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/ noun a senior officer in theair force (equivalent to a general in thearmy)Air Combat Command

Air Combat Command /�eə �kɒm|

�b�t kə |�mɑ�nd/ noun US full form ofACCair commodore

air combat manoeuvring and in-strumentation /�eə �kɒmb�t mə|

�nu�v(ə)rŋ ən �nstrυmen|�teʃ(ə)n/noun full form of ACMIair commodore

air commodore /�eə �kɒmədɔ�/ nouna senior officer in the air force, below anair vice marshalair component

air component /�eə kəm |�pəonənt/noun all aircraft, regardless of whetherthey are from the air force or navy orarmyair controller

air controller /�eə kən|�trəυlə/ nounsame as air traffic controllerair-cooled

air-cooled /�eə �ku�ld/ adjectivecooled by a current of air or simply by

exposure to the atmosphere � This ma-chine-gun is air-cooled.air cover

air cover /�eə �k�və/ noun aircraftwhich are in the air or on call in order toprovide air support if requiredaircraft

aircraft /�eəkrɑ�ft/ noun a machinecapable of flight

COMMENT: Aircraft are classified asfixed-wing aircraft (aircraft withwings) and rotary-wing aircraft (hel-icopters).

aircraft carrier

aircraft carrier /�eəkrɑ�ft �k�riə/noun a large ship designed to carry air-craft and equipped with maintenancefacilities and a runway for take-off andlandingaircraft control room

aircraft control room /�eəkrɑ�ftkən|�trəυl �ru�m/ noun full form of ACRaircraftman

aircraftman /�eəkrɑ�ftmən/ noun thelowest non-commissioned rank in theair force (equivalent to a private soldierin the army). Abbr ACaircrew

aircrew /�eəkru�/ noun the personnelwho man an aircraftair defence

air defence /�eə d|�fens/ noun de-fence against enemy aircraft � The divi-sional artillery includes an air defencebattery.airdrop

airdrop /�eədrɒp/ noun the droppingof cargo or personnel from an aircraftwhich is flyingair engineering officer

air engineering officer /�eə �end%|

�nərŋ �ɒfsə/ noun full form of AEOairfield

airfield /�eəfi�ld/ noun an area ofground (often unprepared) where air-craft can take off and land and be main-tainedair force

air force /�eə �fɔ�s/ noun the branch ofa state’s armed forces which operates inthe airair-force

air-force /�eə �fɔ�s/ adjective relatingto an air force � All air-force personnelon the base should report to the duty of-ficer.airframe

airframe /�eəfrem/ noun the body ofan aircraftair intake

air intake /�eə �ntek/ noun the partof an engine which draws air in fromoutsideair intercept missile

air intercept missile /�eə �ntəsept�msal/ noun full form of AIM


9 airstripAir-Land Battle

Air-Land Battle /�eə �l�nd �b�t(ə)l/noun a current military doctrine inwhich aircraft and long-range missilesare used to attack the enemy’s reservesand logistical support, at the same timeas his forward elements are being en-gaged by ground forces using all theprinciples of manoeuvre warfareair-launched anti-radiation missile

air-launched anti-radiation mis-sile /�eə lɔ�ntʃd ��nti �redi|�eʃ(ə)n�msal/ noun full form of ALARMair liaison officer

air liaison officer /�eə li|�ez(ə)n�ɒfsə/ noun full form of ALOairlift

airlift /�eəlft/ noun movement of menor equipment or supplies using aircraft� The Government authorized a mas-sive airlift of grain to the disaster area.� verb to move men or equipment orsupplies using aircraft � It was decidedto airlift the guns to their new positions.airman

airman /�eəmən/ noun 1. a member ofan aircrew 2. a member of an air force3. US the lowest non-commissionedrank in the air forceairman first class

airman first class /�eəmən �f$�st�klɑ�s/ noun a junior non-commis-sioned rank in the air forceair marshal

air marshal /�eə �mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/ noun asenior officer in the air force, below anair chief marshalairmobile

airmobile /eə |�məυbal/ adjective de-ployed to an area of operations by trans-port aircraft � an airmobile brigadeair naval gunfire liaison company

air naval gunfire liaison compa-ny /�eə �nev(ə)l �(�nfaə li|�ez(ə)n�k�mp(ə)ni/ noun full form of ANGLI-COair officer commanding

air officer commanding /�eə �ɒfsəkə|�mɑ�ndŋ/ noun the commander of alarge air-force grouping. Abbr AOCair operation

air operation /�eə �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)n/noun a military operation involving air-craftair photograph

air photograph /�eə �fəυtə(rɑ�f/noun a photograph of an area of groundtaken from an aircraftairplane

airplane /�eəplen/ noun US a fixed-wing aircraft (NOTE: The British Englishterm is aeroplane.)airport

airport /�eəpɔ�t/ noun a complex ofrunways for the take-off and landing of

civil aircraft, with facilities for aircraftmaintenance and the care of passengersair-portable

air-portable /�eə �pɔ�təb(ə)l/ adjec-tive capable of deploying to an area ofoperations by transport aircraft. Com-pare airborne, air-assault

COMMENT: The term air-portable isusually applied to non-armoured ornon-mechanized infantry.

air-portable battalion

air-portable battalion /�eə�pɔ�təb(ə)l bə|�t�ljən/ noun an infantrybattalion which is not equipped with ar-moured fighting vehicles and can there-fore be transported by air to an area ofoperationsair-portable infantry

air-portable infantry /�eə�pɔ�təb(ə)l �nfəntri/ noun infantrywho are not equipped with armouredfighting vehicles (AFV) and can there-fore be deployed to an area of opera-tions by transport aircraftair raid

air raid /�eə red/ noun an attack byaircraft against a target on the ground(usually with bombs)air-sea rescue

air-sea rescue /�eə si� �reskju�/ nounthe use of aircraft and helicopters to res-cue someone from the seaair sentry

air sentry /�eə �sentri/ noun a sentryassigned to look out for enemy aircraftairspace

airspace /�eəspes/ noun an aerial ter-ritory controlled by an air force or sub-ject to the jurisdiction of a state � Weare now entering enemy airspace.air strike

air strike /�eə strak/ noun an attackby aircraft against a target on theground (usually with air-to-ground mis-siles) � The UN Council has authorizedair strikes on the gun positions in theDemilitarized Zone.

COMMENT: During the UN peacekeep-ing operation in Bosnia (1992–95),air strikes meant retaliatory attackson multiple targets within a specifiedarea, while close air support, meantlimited attacks on individual positionsor vehicles which were actually firingat UN peacekeepers. The differencebetween these two definitions wascrucial during negotiations betweenthe UN and the warring factionsthroughout this conflict.

airstrip

airstrip /�eəstrp/ noun an area ofground cleared of vegetation and lev-elled in order to allow the take-off and


air superiority 10

landing of small aircraft � The engi-neers prepared an airstrip close to thefield hospital.air superiority

air superiority /�eə sυ|�pəri |�ɒrti/noun a situation in which you have suf-ficient fighter aircraft to prevent the en-emy from using his air assets effectivelyair support

air support /�eə sə|�pɔ�t/ noun 1. anattack by aircraft in support of groundtroops 2. any assistance given by air-craft to ground troopsair tasking order

air tasking order /�eə �tɑ�skŋ �ɔ�də/noun a daily programme of all air tasks,including routes, targets, frequencies,call signs, logistical details, etc. AbbrATOair task operations centre

air task operations centre /�eətɑ�sk �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz �sentə/ noun fullform of ATOCairtight

airtight /�eətat/ adjective sealed sothat air cannot enter � This equipmentmust be stored in an airtight container.air-to-air missile

air-to-air missile /�eə tə �eə �msal/noun an anti-aircraft missile designedto be fired from an aircraft. Abbr AAMair-to-air refuelling

air-to-air refuelling /�eə tə �eə ri�|

�fju�lŋ/ noun a process by which anaircraft is refuelled in mid-air from atanker aircraftair-to-ground missile

air-to-ground missile /�eə tə(raυnd �msal/ noun a missile de-signed to be fired from an aircraft at atarget on the ground. Abbr AGMair-to-surface missile

air-to-surface missile /�eə tə�s$�fs �msal/ noun a missile designedto be fired from an aircraft at a target onthe ground or on the surface of the sea.Abbr ASMair traffic

air traffic /�eə �tr�fk/ noun aircraftmoving in the air � There will be an ac-cident if air traffic is not reduced.air traffic controller

air traffic controller /eə �tr�fk kən |

�trəυlə/ noun a civilian or military offi-cial who controls the passage of aircraftthrough a defined air-spaceair vice marshal

air vice marshal /�eə vas �mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/noun a senior officer in the air force, be-low an air marshalair waves

air waves /�eə wevz/ plural noun theentire range of radio frequency � The

enemy will be scanning the air wavesfor our radio transmissions.airwoman

airwoman /�eəwυmən/ noun the low-est female non-commissioned rank inthe air forceairworthy

airworthy /�eəw$�ði/ adjective fit tofly � This helicopter is not airworthy.AK-47

AK-47 /�e ke �fɔ�ti �sevən/ noun aSoviet-designed 7.62mm assault weap-on. � Kalashnikova.k.a.

a.k.a. /�e ke �e/ adverb also knownas � We are looking for Sidney Logan,a.k.a. Michael Higgins. � aliasAlamo

Alamo /��ləməυ/ noun a Soviet-de-signed medium-range air-to-air missile(AAM)alarm

alarm /ə |�lɑ�m/ noun 1. warning ofthreat or danger � We had a gas alarmlast night. � alert 2. a signal to be givenwhen there is an alarm � The gas alarmis given by banging two mess tins to-gether. 3. an electronic or mechanicaldevice designed to detect a specific dan-ger 4. a state of fear and disorder causedby imminent danger � There is no causefor alarm. � verb to give someone a rea-son to be frightened � We must notalarm the civilians.ALARM

ALARM /ə|�lɑ�m/ noun a British-de-signed air-to-ground anti-radar missile(ARM). Full form air-launched anti-radiation missilealarmed

alarmed /ə |�lɑ�md/ adjective fright-ened � Do not be alarmed.alert

alert /ə|�l$�t/ adjective watchful andready to take action � We must be alerttonight. � noun a warning of a threat ordanger � There is an NBC alert. � verbto warn someone of a danger or changein situation, or to inform someone aboutan incident � I alerted the duty officer.Alfa

Alfa /��lfə/ US US spelling of Alphaalias

alias /�eliəs/ adverb also known as �

We are looking for Sidney Logan, aliasMichael Higgins. � a.k.a. � noun a falsename � He uses Kurt Baumann as analias.alien

alien /�eliən/ adjective 1. belonging toor coming from another country � Alienships are being impounded. � foreign 2.from another planet � He claims to have


11 amber

seen an alien spacecraft. � noun 1. aperson who is a citizen of another coun-try � All aliens must register at their lo-cal police station. � foreigner, foreignnational 2. a life-form from anotherplanet � Some people believe in the ex-istence of aliens.alienate

alienate /�eliənet/ verb to causesomeone to become unfriendly � Thesoldiers managed to alienate the villag-ers.align

align /ə |�lan/ verb to bring somethinginto line with something else � Healigned his sights on the church. � Themortars are not properly aligned.alignment

alignment /ə|�lanmənt/ noun an actof aligning � He went to check thealignment of the guns.allegiance

allegiance /ə|�li�d%(ə)ns/ noun loyaltyto a person or cause � The rebels owetheir allegiance to the former president.alliance

alliance /ə|�laəns/ noun cooperationbetween two or more nations or ethnicor political groups, usually as a result ofa formal agreement known as a treatyallied

allied /��lad/ adjective related by analliance � Allied troops entered the cap-ital yesterday.Allied Publication

Allied Publication /��lad �p�bl|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a standardized docu-ment accepted by various NATO coun-tries. Abbr APAllied Rapid Reaction Corps

Allied Rapid Reaction Corps/��lad �r�pd ri|��kʃ(ə)n �kɔ�/ noun aBritish-led NATO force designed to re-act at short notice to any crisis involvingNATO countries. Abbr ARRCAllied Tactical Air Force

Allied Tactical Air Force /��lad�t�ktk(ə)l �eə �fɔ�s/ noun full form ofATAFall-round defence

all-round defence /�ɔ�l raυnd d |

�fens/ noun a situation in which all theapproaches to your position are coveredby fire, including those from the flanksand rear � This position offers excellentall-round defence.all-terrain

all-terrain /�ɔ�l tə|�ren/ adjective ca-pable of operating in all types of terrainall-terrain vehicle

all-terrain vehicle /�ɔ�l tə |�ren�vi�k(ə)l/ noun a vehicle which is capa-ble of operating in all types of terrain

ally

ally /��la/ noun a member of an alli-ance � the Allies states which form analliance (used during the Second WorldWar to refer to states which opposedGermany, Italy and Japan) � verb tomake an alliance � Austria has allied it-self to Germany.ALO

ALO /�e el �əυ/ noun an air-force offic-er attached to an army headquarters tocoordinate close air support (CAS). Fullform air liaison officerAlpha

Alpha /��lfə/, Alfa noun the first letterof the phonetic alphabet (Aa)Alphajet

Alphajet /��lfə|�d%et/ noun aFrench/German-designed light fighteraircraftalter

alter /�ɔ�ltə/ verb to change something� It’s too late to alter the fireplan now.alternate

alternate /�ɒltənet/ adjective one af-ter the other (often repeatedly) � verb tochange from one thing or activity to an-other (often repeatedly) � He had to al-ternate between manning the gun andoperating the radio.alternate bounds

alternate bounds /ɔ�l |�t$�nət�baυndz/ plural noun movement inbounds, with one person or vehicle orsub-unit stationary and giving or pre-pared to give covering fire, while theother moves past to occupy a fire posi-tion beyondalternately

alternately /ɔ�l|�t$�nətli/ adverb oneafter the other (often repeatedly) � Theguns were firing alternately.alternative

alternative /ɔ�l|�t$�nətv/ adjectivedifferent or additional � That gullywould make a good alternative positionfor the mortars. � noun one of two ormore possible courses of action � Wehave no alternative: we must attacknow.altitude

altitude /��lttju�d/ noun a verticaldistance from the ground or sea level(NOTE: Altitude is usually measured infeet.)ambassador

ambassador /�m|�b�sədə/ noun adiplomat sent by a state to act as its sen-ior representative in a foreign countryamber

amber /��mbə/ adjective a colour sim-ilar to orange. � AWLS


amber warning light system 12amber warning light system

amber warning light system/��mbə �wɔ�nŋ lat �sstəm/ noun fullform of AWLSambulance

ambulance /��mbjυləns/ noun 1. avehicle used to transport injured per-sons to a hospital 2. a medical unitambush

ambush /��mbυʃ/ noun 1. a surpriseattack by troops who wait in a con-cealed position for the enemy to cometo them � The patrol was caught in anambush. 2. troops who carry out an am-bush � The ambush hasn’t returned yet.� verb to carry out an ambush � We wereambushed on our return journey.ambush patrol

ambush patrol /��mbυʃ pə|�trəυl/noun a large well-armed patrol sent outto lay an ambush. � anti-ambush drillAmerican

American /ə|�merkən/ adjective re-lating to the United States of America(USA)American Legion

American Legion /ə|�merkən�li�d%(ə)n/ noun a group which protectsthe interests of American veteransamidship

amidship adverb US same as amid-shipsamidships

amidships /ə |�mdʃps/ adverb in themiddle of a ship � The torpedo struckthe ship amidships.AMM

AMM abbreviation anti-missile-missileammo

ammo /��məυ/ noun ammunition(informal )ammunition

ammunition /��mjυ|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun aquantity of munitions (especially pro-jectiles such as bullets, shells, missiles)� They have enough ammunition left forsix days. � We are going to run out ofammunition soon. � to be out of am-munition to have fired all your ammu-nitionammunition compound

ammunition compound /��mjυ|

�nʃ(ə)n �kɒmpaυnd/ noun a placewhere ammunition is storedammunition dump

ammunition dump /��mjυ|�nʃ(ə)nd�mp/ noun a temporary store of am-munition (usually in the field)ammunition pouch

ammunition pouch /��mjυ|�nʃ(ə)npaυtʃ/ noun a pouch which is attachedto a soldier’s belt or webbing, designedto carry extra ammunition

ammunition state

ammunition state /��mjυ|�nʃ(ə)nstet/ noun the quantity of ammunitionheld by a unit or sub-unitammunition technical officer

ammunition technical officer/��mjυnʃ(ə)n �teknk(ə)l �ɒfsə/ nounfull form of ATOamphibious

amphibious /�m|�fbiəs/ adjectivesuitable for use both on water and onlandamphibious assault

amphibious assault /�m |�fbiəs ə|

�sɔ�lt/ noun an attack by land and seaforces, usually involving a landing byground forces from assault craftamphibious engineers

amphibious engineers /�m|�fbiəs�end%|�nəz/ plural noun engineertroops who specialize in the construc-tion of bridges and in river crossingamphibious operation

amphibious operation /�m|�fbiəs�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun an operation in-volving ground forces landed from theseaamphibious tractor

amphibious tractor /�m|�fbiəs�tr�ktə/ noun full form of Amtracamphibious vehicle

amphibious vehicle /�m|�fbiəs�vi�k(ə)l/ noun a vehicle designed foruse both on water and on landamputate

amputate /��mpjυtet/ verb to re-move a person’s limb (normally by sur-gical operation) � The doctor decided toamputate his leg.amputation

amputation /��mpjυ|�teʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of amputating a person’s limbamputee

amputee /��mpjυ |�ti�/ noun a personwho has had a limb amputatedAMRAAM

AMRAAM /��mr�m/ noun an Ameri-can-designed radar-guided air-to-airmissile (AAM). Full form advancedmedium-range air-to-air missileAmtrac

Amtrac /��mtr�k/ noun an amphibi-ous armoured personnel carrier (APC)which is capable of travelling on waterfrom a landing ship to the shore. Fullform amphibious tractorAMX

AMX /�e em �eks/ noun a French seriesof armoured fighting vehiclesAMX-10

AMX-10 noun an infantry fighting ve-hicleAMX-13

AMX-13 noun a light tankAMX-13 DCA

AMX-13 DCA noun a self-propelledanti-aircraft gun (SPAAG)


13 anti-radar missileAMX-30

AMX-30 noun a 1960s-era main battletank (MBT)AMX-40

AMX-40 noun a 1980s-era main battletank (MBT)AMX-105

AMX-105 noun a self-propelled gunanchor

anchor /��ŋkə/ noun a heavy metalweight, which is lowered to the bottomof the sea in order to stop a stationaryship from drifting � at anchor mooredwith an anchor � verb to moor a shipwith an anchor � We anchored in the es-tuary.ANGLICO

ANGLICO /��ŋ(l|�kəυ/ noun US asmall Marine Corps team, which istrained to direct close air support, navalgunfire support and artillery fire. Fullform air naval gunfire liaison compa-nyannotate

annotate /��nə|�tet/ verb to add ex-planatory notes to a document � He an-notated the fire plan.Antarctic

Antarctic /�nt|�ɑ�ktk/ noun the con-tinent at the South Pole, the regionsouth of the Antarctic Circle which islargely covered in snow and ice. Com-pare Arctic � adjective referring to theAntarcticAntarctic Circle

Antarctic Circle /�nt|�ɑ�ktk�s$�k(ə)l/ noun the parallel runninground the Earth at latitude 66° 32 S, tothe south of which lies the Antarctic re-gion. Compare Arctic Circleantenna

antenna /�n|�tenə/ noun a metal rod,mast or structure used in the transmis-sion of radio signals. � aerial (NOTE:The plural of antenna, in this context, isantennas, rather than antennae.)ante-room

ante-room /��nt|�rυm/ noun a draw-ing-room in an officers’ mess � The COis in the ante-room.anthrax

anthrax /��nθr�ks/ noun a disease ofcattle and sheep which is transmissibleto humans

COMMENT: Caused by a bacillus, Ba-cillus anthracis, anthrax can be trans-mitted by touching infected skin,meat or other parts of an animal. Itcauses pustules on the skin or in thelungs. Some nations are known tohave developed anthrax for use as abiological weapon.

anti-

anti- /�nti/ prefix designed to counter

anti-aircraft

anti-aircraft /��nti �eəkrɑ�ft/ adjec-tive designed to damage or destroy anaircraft in flight � Anti-aircraft gunsfired at the incoming bombers. Abbr AAanti-aircraft artillery

anti-aircraft artillery /��nti�eəkrɑ�ft ɑ�|�tlər/ noun a cannon orheavy machine-gun (often self-pro-pelled), which is designed to shootdown aircraft � The radar site is sur-rounded by anti-aircraft artillery. AbbrAAAanti-air warfare

anti-air warfare /��nti eə �wɔ�feə/noun a naval term for air defence. AbbrAAW

COMMENT: The air defence of a navalforce is organized in depth, with threedistinct defence zones. The first lineof defence is the Aircraft DefenceZone which is patrolled by friendlyfighter aircraft (usually operating fromaircraft carriers). If the enemy aircraftmanage to evade the fighters, theythen enter the Area Defence Zone,which is covered by the warships’long-range surface-to-air missiles(SAM) for the mutual defence of theentire force. If the enemy get throughthis, they enter the Point DefenceZone, in which individual warshipsuse their short-range SAMs and oth-er weapons systems (e.g. CIWS) forself-defence.

anti-ambush drill

anti-ambush drill /��nti ��mbυʃ�drl/ noun a standard countermeasurefor troops who find themselves caughtin an ambushanti-armour

anti-armour /��nti �ɑ�mə/ same asanti-tankanti-dim

anti-dim /��nti dm/, anti-dimmer ^/��nti �dm(ər)/ noun grease designedto stop condensation forming on theeyepieces of a respiratoranti-missile-missile

anti-missile-missile /��nti �msal�msal/ noun a missile designed toshoot down an enemy ballistic missile.Abbr AMManti-personnel

anti-personnel /��nti p$�sə|�nel/ ad-jective designed to injure or kill a per-sonanti-personnel mine

anti-personnel mine /��nti �p$�sə|

�nel �man/ noun a mine designed to in-jure or kill a personanti-radar missile

anti-radar missile /��nti �redɑ��msal/ noun a missile designed to


anti-ship missile 14

home in on an enemy radar transmis-sion. Abbr ARManti-ship missile

anti-ship missile /��nti �ʃp �msal/noun a missile designed to damage ordestroy a ship (usually launched froman aircraft or other ship). Abbr ASManti-sniper

anti-sniper /��nti �snapə/ adjectiveintended to counter activity by snipersor to protect forces against sniper fireanti-tank

anti-tank /��nti �t�ŋk/ adjective de-signed to damage or destroy or obstructan armoured vehicle. Abbr A/Tkanti-tank ditch

anti-tank ditch /��nti �t�ŋk �dtʃ/noun a ditch dug as an obstacle to tanksand other armoured vehiclesanti-tank grenade launcher

anti-tank grenade launcher /��ntit�ŋk (r|�ned �lɔ�ntʃə/ noun a grenadelauncher designed to damage or destroyan armoured vehicleanti-tank mine

anti-tank mine /��nti �t�ŋk �man/noun a mine designed to damage or de-stroy an armoured vehicleanti-tank platoon

anti-tank platoon /��nti �t�ŋk plə|

�tu�n/ noun a specialist platoon of an in-fantry battalion, whose specific role isthe destruction of enemy armour. � LAWAOC

AOC abbreviation air officer com-mandingAOCC

AOCC abbreviation air operations co-ordination cellAOR

AOR abbreviation area of responsibili-tyAP

AP abbreviation 1. Allied Publication2. anti-personnel 3. armour-piercingApache

Apache /ə |�p�tʃi/ noun an Americanattack helicopterAPC

APC abbreviation armoured personnelcarrier � I can see three APCs on theedge of the wood.APDS

APDS abbreviation armour-piercingdiscarding-sabotAPFSDS

APFSDS abbreviation armour-pierc-ing fin-stabilized discarding-sabotAphid

Aphid /�efd/ noun a Soviet-designedshort-range air-to-air missile (AAM)appoint

appoint /ə|�pɔnt/ verb 1. to assign aperson to a job � He was appointed as aplatoon sergeant. 2. to arrange a timeand place for something � The O Groupwas appointed for 1600 hours.

appointment

appointment /ə|�pɔntmənt/ noun 1.an act of assigning a person to a job �

He is responsible for all appointmentswithin the unit. 2. an arrangement tomeet at a specific time and place � Ihave an appointment with the doctor. 3.a job � He is not suitable for this ap-pointment.appreciation

appreciation /ə|�pri�ʃi|�eʃ(ə)n/ nouna systematic decision-making processinvolving a careful examination of allthe factors involved, the identificationof all the available options, and finally,the selection of the most suitable optionas the basis for a plan � The companycommander is making his appreciationat the moment.approach

approach /ə|�prəυtʃ/ noun 1. an act ofcoming near � We could hear the ap-proach of enemy tanks. 2. a route to-wards a specific location � We must cov-er all the likely approaches. � verb tocome near � They were approaching theenemy position.approach lights

approach lights /ə|�prəυtʃ lats/ plu-ral noun a series of lights on the groundwhich show a pilot the route to an air-port or landing striparable

arable /��rəb(ə)l/ adjective relating tothe cultivation of cropsarable land

arable land /��rəb(ə)l l�nd/ nounfarmland devoted to the cultivation ofcropsarc

arc /ɑ�k/ noun part of the circumfer-ence of a circle

COMMENT: A defensive position isnormally sited so that the arcs ofeach weapon or position or sub-unitoverlap with those of its neighbours;these are called interlocking arcs offire.

Archer

Archer /�ɑ�tʃə/ noun a Soviet-de-signed short-range air-to-air missile(AAM)arc of fire

arc of fire /�ɑ�k əv �faə/ noun a des-ignated area of ground covered by an in-dividual weapon � Each soldier wasshown his arcs of fire.Arctic

Arctic /�ɑ�ktk/ noun an area of ice andsnow around the North Pole, the regionnorth of the Arctic Circle. CompareAntarctic � adjective 1. referring to the


15 armour

Arctic 2. relating to conditions of ex-treme coldArctic Circle

Arctic Circle /�ɑ�ktk �s$�k(ə)l/ nounthe parallel running round the Earth atlatitude 66° 33 N, to the north of whichlies the Arctic region. Compare Antarc-tic Circlearctic clothing

arctic clothing /�ɑ�ktk �kləυðŋ/noun clothing designed for use in ex-tremely cold climatesarctic warfare

arctic warfare /�ɑ�ktk �wɔ�feə/noun military operations carried outnear both Arctic and Antarctic regionsarea

area /�eəriə/ noun a piece of groundarea defence

area defence /�eəriə d|�fens/ noun anaval anti-air warfare (AAW) term forwarships’ use of their long-range sur-face-to-air missiles (SAM) for the mu-tual defencearea of influence

area of influence /�eəriə əv�nfluəns/ noun ground occupied by theenemy which will probably affect aunit’s current operationsarea of interest

area of interest /�eəriə əv �ntrəst/noun ground occupied by the enemywhich could affect a unit’s future oper-ationsarea of separation

area of separation /�eəriə əv �sepə|

�reʃ(ə)n/ noun same as buffer zonearea weapon

area weapon /�eəriə �wepən/ noun aweapon which can deliver a quantity ofprojectiles over a wide area and thus ef-fectively engage several targets simulta-neously (e.g. machine gun, artillery,mortar, cluster bomb)arm

arm /ɑ�m/ noun 1. a weapon � Theright to bear arms is protected by theconstitution. 2. � to order arms to holda rifle with the butt resting on theground beside the right foot (military in-structions) � to port arms to hold a riflediagonally across the chest (military in-structions) � to present arms to salutesomeone by holding a rifle in front ofthe body in a vertical position (militaryinstructions) � to reverse arms to holda rifle with the butt facing upwards andthe muzzle pointing at the ground (usedat funerals) � to shoulder arms to carrya rifle by resting it on the shoulder (mil-itary instructions) 3. � under armsserving in the armed forces � They have

an army of 100,000 permanently underarms. 4. a branch of the armed forces(e.g., armour, artillery, infantry) � verb1. to equip with weapons � The govern-ment is starting to arm the police. 2. toprepare a shell, bomb, etc., by removingany safety mechanism � To arm theshell you must remove the safety pin.ARM

ARM abbreviation anti-radar missileArmalite

Armalite /�ɑ�məlat/ noun an Ameri-can 5.56mm assault weaponarmament

armament /�ɑ�məmənt/ noun 1. ageneral term for a weapon 2. the proc-ess of equipping with weaponsarmaments factory

armaments factory /�ɑ�məmənts�f�kt(ə)ri/ noun a factory making guns,tanks, etc.armd

armd abbreviation armouredarmed

armed /ɑ�md/ adjective 1. equippedwith a weapon � The man is armed anddangerous. 2. ready to fire or explode �The shell is armed when the safety pin isremoved.armed forces

armed forces /�ɑ�md �fɔ�sz/ pluralnoun a general title for all military forc-es (army, navy, air force, etc.)armed insurrection

armed insurrection /�ɑ�md �nsə|

�rekʃən/ noun resistance to establishedauthority, involving the use of weaponsarmed neutrality

armed neutrality /�ɑ�md nju�|

�tr�ləti/ noun the use of armed force bya neutral state, in order to prevent inter-ference by the military forces of otherstates which are involved in a wararmistice

armistice /�ɑ�msts/ noun an agree-ment by both sides to stop fighting � Anarmistice was signed to end the war. �

ceasefire, trucearmor

armor /�ɑ�mə/ noun US spelling of ar-mourarmored

armored /�ɑ�məd/ adjective US spell-ing of armouredarmorer

armorer adjective US spelling of ar-mourerarmor-piercing

armor-piercing /�ɑ�mə �pəsŋ/ ad-jective US spelling of armour-piercingarmory

armory /�ɑ�məri/ noun US spelling ofarmouryarmour

armour /�ɑ�mə/ noun 1. a defensivecovering designed to protect a vehiclefrom bullets, shrapnel and other projec-


armoured 16

tiles � The frontal armour on this tank is150mm thick. 2. a collective word forarmoured fighting vehicles (especiallytanks) � Enemy armour is concentrat-ing to the south of Mistelbach.armoured

armoured /�ɑ�məd/ adjective 1. pro-tected by armour 2. equipped with ar-moured fighting vehiclesarmoured battalion

armoured battalion /�ɑ�məd bə|

�t�ljən/ noun a tank battalionarmoured bridgelayer

armoured bridgelayer /�ɑ�məd�brd%leə/ noun an armoured vehiclefitted with a folding bridgearmoured car

armoured car /�ɑ�məd �kɑ�/ noun alight wheeled armoured fighting vehi-cle, normally used for reconnaissancearmoured cavalry

armoured cavalry /�ɑ�məd�k�v(ə)lri/ noun US highly mobile ar-moured troops specializing in the rolesof reconnaissance and advance guardarmoured cavalry regiment

armoured cavalry regiment/�ɑ�məd �k�vəlri �red%mənt/ noun USa tactical organization of three com-bined-arms groupings, each of battalionstrength, known as ‘cavalry squadrons’,plus one air cavalry squadron of heli-copters. It is a highly mobile force spe-cializing in the roles of reconnaissance,advance guard and covering force. AbbrACRarmoured combat earthmover

armoured combat earthmover/�ɑ�məd �kɒmb�t �$�θmu�və/ noun anAmerican-designed armoured bulldoz-er. Abbr ACEarmoured fighting vehicle

armoured fighting vehicle/�ɑ�məd �fatŋ �vi�k(ə)l/ noun an ar-moured vehicle equipped with someform of weapon (e.g. anti-tank gun,heavy machine-gun). Abbr AFVarmoured infantry

armoured infantry /�ɑ�məd�nfəntri/ noun infantry equipped withinfantry fighting vehicles (IFV)armoured infantry battalion

armoured infantry battalion/�ɑ�məd �nfəntri bə|�t�ljən/ noun aninfantry battalion equipped with infan-try fighting vehicles (IFVs)armoured personnel carrier

armoured personnel carrier/�ɑ�məd �p$�sə|�nel �k�riə/ noun an ar-moured vehicle used to transport troopsor police. Abbr APC (NOTE: normallyreferred to as an APC: I can see threeAPCs on the edge of the wood)

armoured reconnaissance vehicle

armoured reconnaissance vehi-cle /�ɑ�məd r|�kɒns(ə)ns �vi�k(ə)l/noun an armoured vehicle designed forcarrying out reconnaissancearmoured recovery vehicle

armoured recovery vehicle/�ɑ�məd r|�k�v(ə)ri �vi�k(ə)l/ noun anarmoured vehicle designed to tow a dis-abled or broken-down an armoured ve-hicle away from the battlefield. AbbrARVarmoured regiment

armoured regiment /�ɑ�məd�red%mənt/ noun 1. a tactical groupingof two or more armoured battalions,possibly including armoured infantry 2.a tank battalion

COMMENT: In the British Army, the bri-gade is used instead of the regimentas a tactical grouping of two or morebattalions. Battalion-sized units oftanks or artillery are known as regi-ments for traditional reasons, whilean infantry regiment is purely an his-torical and administrative groupingfor two or more battalions which nor-mally serve in different brigades. Ar-moured regiments and armouredinfantry battalions are usually or-ganized into armoured brigades at aratio of 2:1, depending upon the tac-tical requirement.

armoured vehicle

armoured repair and recoveryvehicle /�ɑ�məd r|�peə ən r|�k�v(ə)ri�vi�k(ə)l/ noun an updated version ofthe armoured recovery vehicle (ARV)fitted with additional lifting equipmentto assist in the repair of armoured vehi-cles in the field. Abbr ARRVarmoured vehicle

armoured vehicle /�ɑ�məd �fatŋ�vi�k(ə)l/, armoured fighting vehiclenoun a vehicle which is protected by ar-mour. Abbr AVFArmoured Vehicle Launched Bridge

Armoured Vehicle LaunchedBridge /�ɑ�məd �vi�k(ə)l lɔ�ntʃd�brd%/ noun a British armoured vehiclebased on a Chieftain tank and fittedwith a folding bridge. Abbr AVLBArmoured Vehicle Royal Engineers

Armoured Vehicle Royal Engi-neers /�ɑ�məd �vi�k(ə)l �rɔəl �end%|

�nəz/ noun a British armoured vehiclebased on the Centurion tank and fittedwith one or more specialist pieces of en-gineer equipment (such as a demolitiongun, mine plough, fascines). AbbrAVRE


17 artilleryarmourer

armourer /�ɑ�mərə/ noun a technicianwho services and repairs weaponsarmour-piercing

armour-piercing /�ɑ�mə �pəsŋ/ ad-jective capable of penetrating armour �

The tank was hit by a 120mm armour-piercing round.armour-piercing bullet

armour-piercing bullet /�ɑ�mə�pəsŋ �bυlt/ noun a bullet designed topenetrate armourarmour-piercing discarding-sabot

armour-piercing discarding-sab-ot /�ɑ�mə �pəsŋ ds|�kɑ�dŋ �s�bəυ/noun an anti-armour projectile consist-ing of a long-rod penetrator, fitted witha stabilizing metal collar (sabot) whichfalls away once the projectile is inflight. Abbr APDSarmour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot

armour-piercing fin-stabilizeddiscarding-sabot /�ɑ�mə �pəsŋ�fn �steblazd ds|�kɑ�dŋ �s�bəυ/noun an armour-piercing discarding-sabot in which the long-rod penetratoris fitted with metal fins for extra stabil-ity. Abbr APFSDS. � long-rod pene-tratorarmoury

armoury /�ɑ�məri/ noun a secure loca-tion where weapons are storedarms

arms /ɑ�mz/ plural noun military serv-ice in generalarmy

army /�ɑ�mi/ noun 1. the branch of astate’s armed forces which operates onland (e.g. infantry, armour and artillery)� The latest Defence Review will haveserious implications for the Army. 2. atactical grouping of two or more corps �The US Third Army was commanded byGeneral Patton.Army Air Corps

Army Air Corps /�ɑ�mi �eə �kɔ�/noun an air force (mainly helicopters)which is part of the army rather than theRAF. Abbr AACarmy group

army group /�ɑ�mi (ru�p/ noun alarge formation of land forces normallycomprising two or more armies or armycorps under a single commanderarrangement

arrangement /ə|�rend%mənt/ noun �

technical arrangementsARRC

ARRC abbreviation Allied Rapid Re-action Corpsarrest

arrest /ə |�rest/ noun an act of arrestingsomeone � A police spokesman admit-ted that the arrest had been a mistake. �

under arrest detained in custody by theauthorities � you are under arrest! �

verb to seize a person and take him intocustody � The patrol arrested two sus-pected terrorists.arrestable

arrestable /ə|�restəb(ə)l/ adjective forwhich you can be arrestedarrestable offence

arrestable offence /ə|�restəb(ə)l ə|

�fens/ noun an illegal act for whichsomeone may be arrested without an ar-rest warrantarrest warrant

arrest warrant /ə |�rest �wɒrənt/ nouna document issued by a judge, magis-trate or other official which authorizesthe security forces to arrest a specifiedpersonarrowhead

arrowhead /��rəυhed/ noun a tacticalformation of men or vehicles, in theform of an inverted letter V � The pla-toon moved across the open ground inarrowhead formation.ARRV

ARRV abbreviation armoured repairand recovery vehiclearsenal

arsenal /�ɑ�sn(ə)l/ noun 1. a room orbuilding where weapons and ammuni-tion are stored � The platoon will pa-rade at the arsenal at 0800hrs. 2. a gov-ernment establishment for the manufac-ture of weapons � The arsenal inBirmingham has been closed down. 3. afigurative term for the weaponry availa-ble to a government or paramilitary or-ganization � This is the most powerfulweapon in the terrorists’ arsenal.Arsine

Arsine /�ɑ�si�n/ noun a type of bloodagent. Full form arsenic trihydridearson

arson /�ɑ�s(ə)n/ noun the criminal of-fence of setting fire to something �

There have been several arson attacks.� He was arrested for arson.artificer

artificer /ɑ� |�tfsə/ noun a mechanicor technicianartificial

artificial /�ɑ�t|�fʃ(ə)l/ adjective man-madeartillery

artillery /ɑ�|�tləri/ noun 1. a general ti-tle for large-calibre guns, missiles andair-defence weapons 2. a branch of thearmy which uses these weapons �

‘Great battles are won with artillery.’Napoleon (an ex-gunner) � He servedin the Royal Artillery.


artilleryman 18artilleryman

artilleryman /ɑ�|�tlərimən/ noun asoldier serving in the artilleryartillery piece

artillery piece /ɑ�|�tləri pi�s/ noun alarge calibre gun used as an indirect-fireweaponartillery preparation

artillery preparation /ɑ�|�tləri�prepə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun the bombard-ment of an objective, prior to an assaultartillery raid

artillery raid /ɑ�|�tləri red/ noun atactic using artillery, where the gunsmove into enemy territory to attack aspecific target and then withdraw beforethe enemy can retaliatearty

arty abbreviation artilleryARV

ARV abbreviation armoured recoveryvehicleASAP

ASAP /�es�p, �e es e �pi�/, asap /�ees e �pi�, �es�p/ abbreviation as soonas possibleASM

ASM abbreviation anti-ship missile orair-to-surface missileasphalt

asphalt /��sf�lt/ noun US a road sur-face made of a mixture of tar and gravel(NOTE: The British English term is tar-mac.)ASRAAM

ASRAAM /��zr�m/ noun a British-designed radar-guided air-to-air missile(AAM). Full form advanced short-range air-to-air missileassault

assault /ə|�sɒlt/ adjective designed foruse in combat � noun a final stage of anattack onto an enemy position � The as-sault on the farm was a complete suc-cess. � verb to use force in order to oc-cupy an enemy position � B Companywill assault the village.assault boat

assault boat /ə|�sɔ�lt bəυt/ noun alight, man-portable boat designed tocarry a section of infantryassault course

assault course /ə|�sɔ�lt kɔ�s/ noun aseries of obstacles used by infantrytraining establishments to practise ob-stacle-crossingassault craft

assault craft /ə|�sɒlt krɑ�ft/ noun asmall boat designed for amphibious op-erationsassault force

assault force /ə|�sɔ�lt fɔ�s/ noun agroup of troops, tanks, etc. which at-tacks a position

assault river crossing

assault river crossing /ə|�sɒlt �rvə�krɒsŋ/ noun the act of crossing a riverwhile in contact with the enemyassault weapon

assault weapon /ə |�sɔ�lt �wepən/noun a semi-automatic rifle, equippedwith a magazine holding 20–30 roundsand fitted with a bayonetassemble

assemble /ə |�semb(ə)l/ verb 1. tocome together � The battalion assem-bled in the gymnasium. 2. to bring to-gether � Sgt Jones assembled the pla-toon in the briefing room. 3. to put to-gether � They were killed as they wereassembling the mortar.assembly

assembly /ə |�sembl/ noun an act ofcoming togetherassembly area

assembly area /ə |�sembl �eəriə/noun a specified location where sub-units of a tactical grouping assemble inorder to prepare themselves for the nextphase of an operationassign

assign /ə|�san/ verb to appoint to a po-sition or task � He was assigned to themortar platoon.assignment

assignment /ə|�sanmənt/ noun atask or job � My first assignment was toupdate the brigade security orders.assist

assist /ə |�sst/ verb to helpassistance

assistance /ə|�sst(ə)ns/ noun help �

We had to provide assistance to the civilauthorities.assy area

assy area abbreviation assembly areaastern

astern /ə|�st$�n/ adverb to the rear of aboat or ship � He went astern.ASU

ASU abbreviation active service unitASW

ASW abbreviation anti-submarine war-fareAT-

AT- prefix anti-tankATAF

ATAF /�et�f/ noun a large NATO air-force grouping. Full form Allied Tacti-cal Air ForceATGM

ATGM abbreviation anti-tank guidedmissileATGW

ATGW abbreviation anti-tank guidedweaponA/Tk

A/Tk abbreviation anti-tankATO

ATO1 /�etəυ/ noun an officer or non-commissioned officer (NCO) who istrained to make bombs, booby traps and


19 attention

unexploded munitions safe. Full formammunition technical officerATO

ATO2 abbreviation air tasking orderATOC

ATOC /�etɒk/ noun the department ofan air-force headquarters which is re-sponsible for allocating tasks to squad-rons. Full form air task operationscentreatoll

atoll /��tɒl/ noun a ring-shaped tropi-cal islandatom

atom /��təm/ noun the smallest unit ofa chemical element, which can be usedas a source of nuclear energyatom bomb

atom bomb /��təm bɒm/ noun sameas atomic bombatomic

atomic /ə|�tɒmk/ adjective 1. relatingto the structure of atoms 2. relating tothe use of nuclear energy

COMMENT: Although their meaningsare not identical, the word atomichas now been superseded by nucle-ar for most general contexts.

atomic bomb

atomic bomb /ə|�tɒmk �bɒm/ noun abomb with enormous destructive powergenerated by the release of nuclear en-ergyatomic energy

atomic energy /ə|�tɒmk �enəd%i/noun nuclear energyatomic submarine

atomic submarine /ə |�tɒmk�s�bmə|�ri�n/ noun a submarine drivenby nuclear poweratomic warfare

atomic warfare /ə|�tɒmk �wɔ�feə/noun warfare involving the use of atom-ic weaponsatomic weapon

atomic weapon /ə|�tɒmk �wepən/noun a bomb, missile or other devicewhich utilises the release of nuclear en-ergyatrocity

atrocity /ə|�trɒsti/ noun an act consid-ered by normal people to be extremelywicked (such as murder of civilians,rape, etc.)atropine

atropine /��trəpi�n/ noun a substanceinjected as first aid for someone whohas been exposed to a nerve agentattach

attach /ə|�t�tʃ/ verb 1. to fasten oneobject to another � Our sleeping bagswere attached to the side of the vehicle.2. to assign a soldier or sub-unit to an-other unit for a specific role or task � We

have a troop of tanks attached to us forthis attack. Compare detachattaché

attaché /ə |�t�ʃe/ noun a specialistmember of an ambassador’s staffattachment

attachment /ə|�t�tʃmənt/ noun 1.something which is attached to anotherobject for a special purpose 2. the act ofsending a person or sub-unit to workwith another unit for a specific task �

He was sent on attachment to the navy.attack

attack /ə|�t�k/ adjective designed foroffensive action � noun an offensive useof force in order to achieve an objective(e.g. the capture of ground) � The attackwas a complete success. � hasty attack,quick attack an attack which is mount-ed without the opportunity to first carryout full reconnaissance, planning andpreparation � verb to act offensivelyagainst an enemy, a position, etc. � CCompany will attack the village at firstlight.attack aircraft

attack aircraft /ə|�t�k �eəkrɑ�ft/noun an aircraft which is designed todrop bombs on or fire missiles at targetson the ground, and is also capable of de-fending itself against enemy fighter air-craft. � fighter, strike aircraftattack helicopter

attack helicopter /ə |�t�k �helkɒptə/noun a helicopter equipped with weap-ons to attack other helicopters or targetson the groundattack in echelon

attack in echelon /ə|�t�k n �eʃəlɒn/noun same as echelon attackattempt

attempt /ə|�tempt/ noun 1. an act oftrying (usually unsuccessful) � Therewere no more attempts to escape. 2. anattack (usually unsuccessful) � The en-emy made several attempts on thebridge. � verb to try � He attempted toclimb the fence.attend

attend /ə|�tend/ verb to be present at �

He attended the conference.attention

attention /ə|�tenʃən/ noun 1. the act ofapplying your mind to something � MayI have your attention, please? 2. � at-tention! stand to attention! (militarycommand) � Parade, attention! � tostand at attention to stand in the posi-tion of attention � to stand to attentionto change position to stand at attention3. help or treatment give to somebody


attic 20

or something � The wounded men need-ed urgent medical attention.attic

attic /��tk/ noun a space below theroof of a house, normally used for stor-age � There was a sniper in the attic.attrition

attrition /ə|�trʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. damagecaused to an object as a result of repeat-ed contact with another object � Thisgrease will reduce the rate of attrition.2. the gradual destruction of an enemyforce by repeated attacks or by stubborndefenceattritional warfare

attritional warfare /ə|�trʃnl �wɔ�feə/noun an outdated military doctrinewhich seeks to destroy an enemy’s willto fight simply through the use of attri-tion. Compare manoeuvre warfareAuftragstaktik

Auftragstaktik /�aυftrɑ�(z|�t�ktk/noun a German word meaning ‘missiontactics.’ German name for directivecommand (NOTE: German nouns arealways spelt with a capital letter.)

COMMENT: Many English-speakersprefer to use this word, since direc-tive command was very much aGerman invention. In fact, it was de-veloped by the Prussian general staffand used to great effect during thewar with Austria in 1866. Surprising-ly, the British Army clung to the doc-trine of restrictive control until theFalklands conflict in 1982. Now theBritish are also firm exponents ofAuftragstaktik.

augmentation forces

augmentation forces /�ɔ�(mən |

�teʃn �fɔ�sz/ plural noun forcesbrought from Europe or North Americato provide reinforcements to NATOforces already in a certain areaAussie

Aussie /�ɒzi/ noun an Australian sol-dier (informal )authenticate

authenticate /ɔ�|�θentket/ verb tocarry out authenticationauthentication

authentication /ɔ� |�θent|�keʃ(ə)n/noun a radio procedure (usually involv-ing a code), designed to establishwhether a radio message or radio user isgenuineauthority

authority /ɔ�|�θɒrəti/ noun 1. officialpower to do something � I do not havethe authority to make that decision. 2.an organization which exercises power� the authorities police or other law

enforcement organization 3. strength ofcharacter which makes other peopleobey your orders � He lacks authority.authorize

authorize /�ɔ�θəraz/, authorise verbto give someone official permission todo something � I am not authorized todo that.autojet

autojet /�ɔ�təυ|�d%et/ noun a syrette,fitted with a mechanism which injectsthe dose automatically (usually by strik-ing it against the flesh) � Each man wasissued with an autojet of morphine.automatic

automatic /�ɔ�tə|�m�tk/ adjective ca-pable of performing a function by itself� noun a firearm which will continue toreload itself and fire for as long as pres-sure is applied to the trigger (e.g. a ma-chine-gun) � He was armed with an au-tomatic. � There was a burst of auto-matic fire from the woods.

COMMENT: Many contemporary as-sault weapons have both an auto-matic and a semi-automatic capabili-ty.

automatically

automatically /�ɔ�tə|�m�tkli/ adverb1. by itself � The door locks automati-cally. 2. immediately and without hav-ing to think � You should be able to dothat automatically.automatic fire

automatic fire /�ɔ�təm�tk �faə/noun fire from an automatic weaponautomatic weapon

automatic weapon /�ɔ�təm�tk�wepən/ noun a firearm which will con-tinue to reload itself and fire for as longas pressure is applied to the trigger (e.g.a machine-gun)AV-8

AV-8 /�e vi� �et/ noun � Harrieravenue

avenue /��vənju�/ noun 1. a road witha line of trees on both sides 2. an ap-proach route � We must cover all thelikely avenues of approach.AVGAS

AVGAS /��v(�s/ noun aircraft fuelaviation

aviation /�evi|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun the useof aircraftaviator

aviator /�evietə/ noun a pilot or oth-er member of an aircrewavionics

avionics /�evi|�ɒnks/ noun a generalterm for all electronic systems on an air-craftAVLB

AVLB abbreviation Armoured VehicleLaunched Bridge


21 azimuthAWACS

AWACS /�ew�ks/ noun electronicequipment, carried in specially de-signed aircraft, which detects enemyaircraft or missiles at long ranges andthen coordinates their interception byfriendly aircraft or missiles. Full formairborne warning and control sys-temaward

award /ə|�wɔ�d/ noun an official recog-nition of an achievement (e.g. a medal,commendation) � He has been recom-mended for a gallantry award. � verb togive a prize or punishment to someone� He was awarded a medal for bravery.� He was awarded ten days’ restrictionof privileges.AWI

AWI abbreviation air warfare instructorAWLS

AWLS /�e �d�b(ə)lju� �el �es/ noun anamber coloured warning light requiredby law to be fitted to all armoured vehi-

cles in Germany. Full form amberwarning light systemAWO

AWO /�ewəυ/ noun an officer on awarship who coordinates the air battle.Compare PWOAWOL

AWOL /�ewɒl/ adverb away from amilitary unit without permission � He’sbeen AWOL for three days. Full formabsent without leaveaxis

axis /��kss/ noun a real or imaginaryline on the ground used to indicate theprimary direction for a unit or sub-unitwhich is deployed in a tactical forma-tion � Our axis is the main road.aye aye

aye aye /�a �a/ adverb a traditionalsailors’ expression, meaning ‘Yes, I willcarry out your instruction’azimuth

azimuth /��zməθ/ noun US a direc-tion in mils or degrees of an object onthe ground. � bearing


BRAVO - BbB-1

B-1 /�bi� �w�n/ noun an American-de-signed long-range strategic bomber air-craft. Also called LancerB-2

B-2 /�bi� �tu�/ noun an American-de-signed stealth bomber aircraft. Alsocalled SpiritB-52

B-52 /�bi� �ffti �tu�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed bomber aircraft (NOTE:The plural form is B-52s /�bi� ffti�tu�z/.)BAA

BAA abbreviation brigade administra-tion areaback-bearing

back-bearing /�b�k �beərŋ/ noun abearing from a reference point to yourown location. � triangulate

COMMENT: A back-bearing is calculat-ed by taking a bearing from your loca-tion to the reference point and thenadding that bearing to 180 degrees or3,200 mils if the bearing is less thanthat amount, or alternatively, by sub-tracting 180 degrees or 3,200 milsfrom the bearing if the bearing isgreater. Once you have calculatedtwo or more back-bearings fromknown or probable reference points,your exact location should be wherethey all intersect on the map. Re-member to apply the magnetic varia-tion.

backblast

backblast /�b�kblɑ�st/ noun gassesand heat released to the rear when arocket launcher is fired (which can in-jure a person standing in their way)Backfire

Backfire /�b�kfaə/ noun a NATOname for a strategic variant of the Sovi-et-designed TU-22 medium bomber air-craft (Blinder)backup

backup /�b�k�p/ noun an additionalassistance or resources available in theevent of difficulty or failure � B Compa-ny can provide backup if necessary.

bacteriological warfare

bacteriological warfare/�b�ktərəlɒd%kəl �wɔ�feə/ nounsame as biological warfarebadge

badge /b�d%/ noun insignia worn on auniform or displayed on a vehiclebadge of rank

badge of rank /�b�d% əv �r�ŋk/noun an insignia showing the wearer’srank (e.g. bars, chevrons, stars, etc.)Badger

Badger /�b�d%ə/ noun a NATO namefor the Soviet-designed TU-16 mediumbomber aircraftbag

bag /b�(/ noun a soft container madeof paper, fabric or other materialbag charge

bag charge /�b�( tʃɑ�d%/ noun a fab-ric bag containing propellant for an ar-tillery or tank roundbaggage

baggage /�b�(d%/ noun spare cloth-ing and other personal effects packed upfor transportation � Each company wasallocated a lorry for baggage.bagpipes

bagpipes /�b�(paps/ plural noun amusical instrument, traditionally usedby Irish and Scottish regiments, andalso by some Indian and Arab regi-ments. They are played by blowing airinto a bag and then pumping it througha set of pipes.balaclava

balaclava /�b�lə|�klɑ�və/, Balaclavahelmet /�b�lə |�klɑ�və �helmt/ noun awarm woollen garment which coversthe head and neck, but leaves the face orparts of the face free, and is thereforesometimes used to conceal a person’sidentity � The gunman was wearing abalaclava. � ski-maskbalanced task force

balanced task force /�b�lənst�tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/ noun two tank companiesand two companies of mechanized in-fantrybale out

bale out /�bel �aυt/, bail out verb 1.to escape from a damaged vehicle or


23 bar

aircraft � The pilot baled out. 2. to clearwater from a leaking boat � They usedtheir helmets to bale out.ball

ball /bɔ�l/ noun 1. a spherical object(normally used in sport) 2. standard bul-lets for a rifle, machine-gun or pistol �

We need five thousand rounds of5.56mm ball. � cannonball (NOTE: noplural in this meaning)ball-bearing

ball-bearing /�bɔ�l �beərŋ/ noun asmall solid metal ball used to reducefriction in machineryballistic

ballistic /bə |�lstk/ adjective 1. relat-ing to projectiles � We have received theballistic report on the shooting of Cor-poral Jones. 2. moving by the force ofgravityballistic bomb

ballistic bomb /bə|�lstk �bɒm/ nouna bomb which is simply dropped onto atarget by an aircraft. � general purposebomb, iron bombballistic missile

ballistic missile /bə|�lstk �msal/noun a guided missile which ends itsflight in a ballistic descent. � intercon-tinental ballistic missileballistics

ballistics /bə|�lstks/ noun the sci-ence of projectiles and firearms (NOTE:takes a singular verb)balloon

balloon /bə|�lu�n/ noun a large bagfilled with gas to make it rise in the air.� barrage balloonban

ban /b�n/ noun a law which makes anactivity or object illegal � We want aninternational ban on biological weap-ons. � verb to make an activity or objectillegal � Many nations wish to ban theuse of anti-personnel mines.band

band /b�nd/ noun 1. a group of musi-cians � The band of the ColdstreamGuards played at the reception. 2. agroup of people who have organizedthemselves for a specific purpose (usu-ally criminal or paramilitary) � Thereare several bands of rebels operating inthe area. 3. a strip of plastic, metal orother material put around an object tokeep it together � He removed the bandsfrom the packing case. 4. a range of ra-dio frequencies � Which bands are youmonitoring?bandage

bandage /�b�ndd%/ noun a strip offabric used to bind a wound or other in-

jury � The nurse put a bandage roundhis knee. � verb to apply a bandage �

She bandaged the wound.bandit

bandit /�b�ndt/ noun 1. a robber(usually a member of a gang) who oper-ates in rural areas 2. an enemy aircraft(air-force slang)bandoleer

bandoleer /b�ndə|�lə/, bandoliernoun a belt which goes over one shoul-der, designed to carry ammunitionbandsman

bandsman /�b�ndzmən/ noun amember of a musical band (NOTE: Theplural form is bandsmen.)

COMMENT: Military bandsmen areusually employed as stretcher-bear-ers on the battlefield.

bang

bang /b�ŋ/ noun the noise made by anexplosion � We heard a loud bang.Bangalore torpedo

Bangalore torpedo /�b�ŋ(əlɔ� tɔ�|

�pi�dəυ/ noun a device for clearing wireentanglements, consisting of pipingfilled with explosive, which is pushedinto the obstacle and then detonatedbank

bank /b�ŋk/ noun 1. an artificialmound of earth used to enclose a field �We took cover behind a bank. 2. themargin of a river or lake � The far bankof the river has been mined. 3. a placewhere people can deposit or store mon-ey � The bank has been robbed.banner

banner /�b�nə/ noun 1. a ceremonialflag 2. a piece of fabric attached to twopoles and bearing a written message �

The soldiers unfurled a banner showinginstructions in Arabic for the crowd todisperse.BAOR

BAOR abbreviation British Army ofthe Rhinebaptism of fire

baptism of fire /�b�ptz(ə)m əv�faə/ noun the first occasion of beingshot at � He received his baptism of firein Vietnam.bar

bar /bɑ�/ noun 1. a rod of metal orwood used as an obstruction � The win-dow was protected with metal bars. 2.something which is long, thin and rigid(e.g. a bar of chocolate, bar of gold) 3. asandbank in a river or estuary � Thelanding craft had to navigate betweensand bars. 4. a place where alcohol maybe bought and consumed 5. a badge ofrank for junior officers in the US Army


barbed wire 24

(a single bar denotes lieutenant, while adouble bar denotes captain) � verb 1. toobstruct � The road was barred by fall-en trees. 2. to forbid an activity � Sol-diers were barred from all the pubs inthe town.barbed wire

barbed wire /�bɑ�bd �waə/ nounwire with sharp spikes attached to it,used as an obstaclebarbed-wire entanglement

barbed-wire entanglement/�bɑ�bd �waə n|�t�ŋ(əlmənt/ noun anobstacle to infantry made out of barbedwirebarge

barge /bɑ�d%/ noun a long flat-bot-tomed boat used for carrying freightbar mine

bar mine /�bɑ� man/ noun a type ofanti-tank minebarn

barn /bɑ�n/ noun a large farm building(normally used for storage)barrack dress

barrack dress /�b�rək dres/ nouneveryday uniform consisting of a sweat-er and service-dress trousersbarracks

barracks /�b�rəks/ noun a non-oper-ational military basebarrage

barrage /�b�rɑ�%/ noun 1. a concen-trated artillery attack (usually lastingfor some time) � A barrage of mortarfire was directed at the enemy positions.2. a man-made barrier in a river or estu-ary

COMMENT: In the literal sense of theword, the purpose of an artillery bar-rage is to prevent, or at least hinderthe movements of the enemy, ratherthan to destroy his men, equipmentand positions. If the latter effect is de-sired, then the word bombardmentwould be more appropriate instead.

barrage balloon

barrage balloon /�b�rɑ�% bə |�lu�n/noun a balloon which is secured to theground by a wire cable, and used as anobstacle to low-flying aircraftbarrel

barrel /�b�rəl/ noun 1. the tube part ofa gun, down which the bullet or shellslides when it is fired � He spent hourscleaning the barrel of his rifle. 2. a largecylindrical container � The bomb wasattached to a barrel of oil.Barrett

Barrett /�b�rət/ noun an American .50calibre sniper rifle. Also called M-82barricade

barricade /�b�r|�ked/ noun an im-provised obstacle or fortification � The

street was blocked by a barricade. �

verb to make an obstruction (with what-ever materials happen to be available) �We barricaded the door.barrier

barrier /�b�riə/ noun an obstaclewhich prevents forward movement �

There was a barrier across the road. �

The mountains form a natural barrierbetween France and Spain.barrow

barrow /�b�rəυ/ noun a huge man-made mound of earth, marking the siteof an ancient gravebase

base /bes/ noun 1. a secure locationfrom which military operations can beconducted � We have several bases inthat region. 2. a part on which an objectrests � He examined the base of the con-tainer. � verb 1. to station a soldier at abase � I was based in Germany. 2. to useas a starting point for a calculation ordevelopment process � The plan wasbased on the belief that the enemywould not fight. � This engineer vehicleis based on the Chieftain tank.base bleed

base bleed /�bes �bli�d/ noun a sys-tem which increases the range of an ar-tillery shell by means of a small gasgenerator fitted to the base of the shell;the generator expels gas at low pressureto reduce drag caused by the vacuumwhich forms at the base of the shellwhile it is in flight. Abbr BBbaseline

baseline /�beslan/ noun an offensivemanoeuvre carried out under fire, inwhich men or vehicles move forwardinto extended line in order to engage theenemy. Compare foothold linebasement

basement /�besmənt/ noun the partof a building which lies below groundlevelbaseplate

baseplate /�besplet/ noun the firingplatform of a mortarbasha

basha /�b�ʃə/ noun an improvisedshelter made from a ponchobasic load

basic load /�besk �ləυd/ noun theusual amount of equipment that a sol-dier must carry in his or her pack, or theweight of thisbasic training

basic training /�besk �trenŋ/noun a period of training for new re-cruits � He has just completed his basictraining.


25 battlefield interdictionbasket

basket /�bɑ�skt/ noun a device usedin air-to-air refuelling; the basket is areceptacle fitted to the end of a fuelpipe, into which an aircraft must insertits refuelling probe in order to receivefuelbatman

batman /�b�tmən/ noun a soldier whocleans an officer’s kit. � orderlybaton

baton /�b�tɒn/ noun 1. a stick carriedas a mark of rank � A painting of theField Marshal with his marshal’s batonhangs in the mess. 2. a stick made ofwood or other material for use as aweapon � They carried riot shields andbatons.

‘…every soldier carries a marshal’s baton in hisrucksack’ [Napoleon]

baton round

baton round /�b�tɒn raυnd/ noun alarge projectile made of plastic or rub-ber which is fired from a special gunand is designed to knock a person overbut not to cause a serious injury. Alsocalled plastic bullet, rubber bulletbattalion

battalion /bə |�t�ljən/ noun a tacticaland administrative army grouping ofthree or more companies or equivalent-sized groupings. Abbr Bn

COMMENT: British tank and artillerybattalions are known as regiments,as are battalion-sized units of certainsupporting arms (such as engineers).American armoured cavalry battal-ions are known as squadrons, al-though normal armoured units usethe term battalion. In some contexts,British infantry battalions traditionallyuse the word regimental as an ad-jective relating to the battalion: e.g.Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM),regimental aid post (RAP). A Britisharmoured brigade might consist oftwo armoured or mechanized infantrybattalions and one armoured regi-ment or, alternatively, two armouredregiments and one infantry battalion,with artillery and supporting arms. Onoperations, these units are brokendown and combined into battlegroups. As an example, an ar-moured infantry battle group mightconsist of two infantry companiesand one squadron of tanks, which areorganized into two company andsquadron groups and a squadronand company group under the com-mand of the infantry battalion HQ.The exact composition will vary ac-

cording to the tactical requirement atthe time. In the US Army, a battlegroup is known as a task force, whilecompany and squadron groups andsquadron and company groups areknown as company teams.

battalion landing team

battalion landing team /bə|�t�ljən�l�ndŋ �ti�m/ noun a US combinedarms grouping based on a marine infan-try battalion, including artillery, ar-moured reconnaissance, tanks and engi-neers. Abbr BLTbatter

batter /�b�tə/ verb to cause damage orinjury by hitting repeatedly � Ourtrenches were battered by the enemy ar-tillery.battery

battery /�b�t(ə)ri/ noun 1. a compa-ny-sized artillery grouping with six ormore guns � We have been allocatedtwo batteries to support the attack.Abbr Bty 2. a power source for portableelectrical equipment � This radio needsa new battery.battery kapitan

battery kapitan /�b�t(ə)ri�k�pt�n/ noun full form of BKbattle

battle /�b�t(ə)l/ noun a prolonged en-gagement between large numbers of op-posing troops � During the tank battle,several enemy tanks were put out of ac-tion. � He served in the British Fleet atthe Battle of Jutland. � engagement,firefight, skirmish

‘Next to a battle lost, the greatest misery is abattle gained.’ [Wellington]

battle casualty replacement

battle casualty replacement/�b�t(ə)l �k�%uəlti r|�plesmənt/ nouna soldier who remains on stand-by in or-der to take the place of a soldier who iskilled or wounded. Abbr BCRbattledress utilities

battledress utilities /�b�t(ə)ldresju�|�tltiz/ plural noun US full form ofBDUbattle fatigue

battle fatigue /�b�t(ə)l fə|�ti�(/ nounmental and physical exhaustion result-ing from a long period in battle. Alsocalled shell shock, post-traumaticstress disorderbattlefield

battlefield /�b�t(ə)lfi�ld/ noun theground on which a battle is fought � Thedead and wounded were removed fromthe battlefield.battlefield interdiction

battlefield interdiction/�b�t(ə)lfi�ld �ntə|�dkʃ(ə)n/ noun an


battle group 26

interdiction against targets close to thebattle areabattle group

battle group /�b�t(ə)l �(ru�p/ noun1. a combined arms grouping based onan armoured regiment or infantry bat-talion 2. a tactical grouping of warships(NOTE: The US Army equivalent is taskforce; the US Marine Corps equivalentis battalion landing team (BLT).) �

abbr BGCOMMENT: As an example, an ar-moured infantry battle group mightconsist of two infantry companiesand one squadron of tanks, which areorganized into two company andsquadron groups and a squadronand company group under the com-mand of the infantry battalion HQ.The exact composition will vary ac-cording to the tactical requirement atthe time.

battle handover point

battle handover point /�b�t(ə)l�h�ndəυvə �pɔnt/ noun a point, dur-ing the passage of lines, where the pass-ing unit takes over or, in the case of arearward passage of lines, hands overresponsibility for the battle. Abbr BHPbattle honour

battle honour /�b�t(ə)l �ɒnə/ nounofficial recognition of a unit’s achieve-ments or conduct during a battle, whichgives that unit the right to carry thename of the battle on its coloursbattle inoculation

battle inoculation /�b�t(ə)l |�nɒkjυ|

�leʃ(ə)n/ noun the process of preparingsoldiers for battle by the use of liverounds and simulated battle effectsbattleship

battleship /�b�t(ə)lʃp/ noun a largearmoured warship, equipped withheavy guns, which is used to destroy en-emy warships and provide naval gunfiresupport (NGS) to land forcesbattle stations

battle stations /�b�t(ə)l �steʃ(ə)nz/plural noun a state of readiness for bat-tle � The brigade remained at battle sta-tions for most of the night.bay

bay /be/ noun 1. the part of a coastlinewhere the sea curves inland � They se-lected a lonely bay for the landing. 2. aspace set aside for a specific purposebayonet

bayonet /�beənt/ noun a stabbingblade attached to the muzzle of a rifle orassault weapon � to charge bayonets tolevel the bayonet at an enemy prior tocharging at him � verb to stab someone

with a bayonet � He was bayoneted todeath. (NOTE: bayoneting – bayonet-ed)bayonet charge

bayonet charge /�beənt tʃɑ�d%/noun a charge with the intention of us-ing the bayonetbazooka

bazooka /bə|�zu�kə/ noun a hand-heldanti-tank rocket launcherBB

BB abbreviation 1. battleship 2. basebleedBC

BC abbreviation battery commanderBCR

BCR abbreviation battle casualty re-placementBDA

BDA abbreviation battle-damage as-sessmentBde

Bde abbreviation brigadeBdr

Bdr abbreviation bombardierBDU

BDU /�bi� di� �ju�/ noun US a camou-flage combat uniform � He was wear-ing BDUs. Full form battledress utili-ties (NOTE: The British English term isDPM.)beach

beach /bi�tʃ/ noun a strip of sand orgravel at the edge of the sea, lake or riv-erbeachhead

beachhead /�bi�tʃ|�hed/ noun a defen-sive position established around the siteof a beach landing, which is used as asecure base for subsequent operationsbeach landing

beach landing /�bi�tʃ �l�ndŋ/ nounthe act of disembarking troops and ve-hicles onto a beachbeach-master

beach-master /�bi�tʃ �mɑ�stə/ nounan officer who controls the movementof troops and vehicles during a beachlandingbeacon

beacon /�bi�kən/ noun 1. a bonfire orlight used as a signal or warning 2. alamp designed for use as a beacon 3. aradio transmitter which acts as a guideto shipping or aircraft 4. a hill tradition-ally used for beacon firesBear

Bear /beə/ noun a NATO name for theSoviet-designed TU-95 strategic bomb-er aircraftbearing

bearing /�beərŋ/ noun a direction, inmils or degrees, of a feature on theground in relation to north � The churchis on a bearing of 1825 mils.


27 binocularsbearskin

bearskin /�beəskn/, bearskin capnoun a tall ceremonial headdress tradi-tionally worn by guards infantry sol-diers

COMMENT: The bearskin should neverbe confused with the busby, which isa similar but much shorter headdresstraditionally worn by cavalry soldiers.

beat

beat /bi�t/ verb 1. to hit something re-peatedly � to beat someone up to injurea person by repeated punching andkicking � he was badly beaten up 2. towin a victory over someone else �

We’ve been beaten. (NOTE: beating –have beaten)beaten zone

beaten zone /�bi�t(ə)n zəυn/ noun anarea of ground which is hit by the bul-lets from an automatic weaponB Echelon

B Echelon /�bi� �eʃəlɒn/ noun the ad-ministrative elements of a tacticalgroupingB Echelon

beginning of morning nauticaltwilight /b|�(nŋ əv �mɔ�nŋ�nɔ�tk(ə)l �twalat/ noun full form ofBMNTbelt

belt /belt/ noun 1. a strip of leather,webbing or other material, worn aroundthe waist and used to support a person’strousers or to carry equipment-pouches.� Sam Browne 2. ammunition which islinked together by metal clips or fas-tened by loops to a strip of canvas, in or-der to be fired by a machine-gunbelt-fed

belt-fed /�belt fed/ adjective designedto fire belts of ammunitionberet

beret /�bere/ noun a soft peakless hatbergen

bergen /�b$�(ən/ noun a large fabriccontainer suspended from a metalframe, which is designed to be carriedon a person’s back. � pack, rucksackberm

berm /b$�m/ noun an artificial bank ofearth or sand used as a barrier or fortifi-cation

COMMENT: Berms were extensivelyused by both the Iraqis and coalitionforces during the Gulf War of 1991.

besiege

besiege /b|�si�d%/ verb to surround anenemy town or fortress with troops inorder to prevent anyone entering orleaving, with the ultimate intention ofcapturing the place. � invest

COMMENT: Besiege is not normallyused in modern military English; it

has now been largely replaced by theverb invest.

Betalight

Betalight /�bi�tə|�lat/ trademark atrademark for a tiny hand-held appara-tus, containing a luminous substancewhich gives off a very weak light and istherefore suitable for map-reading orsignalling when you are close to the en-emybetray

betray /b|�tre/ verb 1. to reveal a se-cret � We were betrayed by the villag-ers. 2. to abuse someone’s trust � Thegeneral betrayed his men by agreeing tosurrender.betrayal

betrayal /b|�treəl/ noun an act of be-traying. � treacherybeyond

beyond /b|�jɒnd/ adverb on the farside of something � The enemy positionis 100 metres beyond that line of trees.beyond visual range

beyond visual range /b|�jɒnd�v%υəl �rend%/ adjective, adverb fullform of BVRBFA

BFA abbreviation blank-firing attach-mentBFV

BFV /�bi� ef �vi�/ noun an M2 Bradleyinfantry fighting vehicle. Full form Bra-dley fighting vehicle. Compare CFVBG

BG abbreviation battle groupBHP

BHP abbreviation battle handoverpointbid

bid /bd/ noun a formal request forsomething � You must submit your am-munition bids at least 24 hours in ad-vance. � verb to make a formal requestfor something � I will bid for two placeson the next anti-tank course. (NOTE:bidding – bid – have bid)billet

billet /�blt/ noun a place (usually a ci-vilian home) where a soldier is accom-modated � He went back to his billet. �

verb to arrange accommodation for asoldier � We were billeted on the localpriest. (NOTE: billeting – billeted)bind

bind /band/ verb to fasten aroundsomething � The containers were boundwith metal strips. (NOTE: binding –bound)binoculars

binoculars /b|�nɒkjυləz/ plural nounoptical instrument with a lens for eacheye, designed for looking at distant ob-jects. � field-glasses, telescope


binos 28binos

binos /�banəυz/ plural noun binocu-lars � I lost my binos during the attack.biological

biological /�baə|�lɒd%k(ə)l/ adjec-tive relating to biology or living organ-ismsbiological warfare

biological warfare /�baəlɒd%k(ə)l�wɔ�feə/ noun the use of disease as aweaponbiological weapon

biological weapon /�baəlɒd%k(ə)l�wepən/ noun a disease such as anthrax,developed for use as a weapon

COMMENT: Biological weapons areunstable, difficult to deliver with anyprecision and impossible to controlonce they are delivered. Further-more, anyone contemplating the useof such weapons can expect retalia-tion in its severest form.

bioterrorism

bioterrorism /�baəυ |�terərz(ə)m/noun terrorist acts involving the use ofbiological or chemical weaponsbioterrorist

bioterrorist /�baəυ|�terətst/ nounsomeone involved in bioterrorismbioweapon

bioweapon /�baəυ|�wepən/ noun abiological weaponbipod

bipod /�bapɒd/ noun a two-leggedstand designed to support a weapon orother piece of equipmentbird-strike

bird-strike /�b$�d strak/ noun a col-lision between a bird and an aircraft �

The crash was caused by bird-strike.Birthday Parade

Birthday Parade /�b$�θde pə |�red/noun a ceremonial parade held by theHousehold Troops in London on the of-ficial birthday of the Monarch, duringwhich a battalion from the Brigade ofGuards troops its colour

COMMENT: This ceremony is morepopularly known as ‘Trooping theColour’.

bivouac

bivouac /�bvu�k/ noun 1. an impro-vised shelter 2. a campsite of impro-vised shelters � verb to sleep outsidewithout proper tents � They bivouackedin the corner of a field. (NOTE: bivou-acking – bivouacked)bivvy

bivvy /�bvi/ noun a bivouac (informal )bivvy bag

bivvy bag /�bvi b�(/ noun a water-proof sleeping-bag cover. � kitbag,sleeping-bag

BK

BK /�bi� �ke/ noun a second in com-mand of a battery � The BK has beenkilled. Full form battery kapitanBL-755

BL-755 /�bi� el �sev(ə)n fav �fav/noun a British-designed cluster bombblack

black /bl�k/ � go black US to exhaustyour ammunition � our recon platoonhas gone blackBlackbird

Blackbird /�bl�kb$�d/ noun � SR-71Blackhawk

Blackhawk /�bl�khɔ�k/ noun anAmerican-designed UH-60 utili-ty/transport helicopterBlackjack

Blackjack /�bl�kd%�k/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed TU-160strategic bomber aircraftblack market

black market /�bl�k �mɑ�kt/ nounan illicit trade in articles which are ille-gal, rationed or difficult to obtain, usu-ally at a considerable profit � Respira-tors and NBC suits are fetching veryhigh prices on the black market.blackout

blackout /�bl�kaυt/ noun measuresdesigned to ensure that no lights areshowing after dark � All units must ob-serve the blackout.bladder

bladder /�bl�də/ noun a huge inflata-ble rubber container, which is used tostore fuel or water at a POL or waterpointblank

blank /bl�ŋk/, blank round /�bl�ŋk�raυnd/ noun training ammunition,consisting of the propellant but no pro-jectile, which is designed to simulatethe firing of a weapon � We will need5000 rounds of 7.62mm blank. � Theywere firing blanks. Compare live, liveroundblank-firing attachment

blank-firing attachment /�bl�ŋk�faərŋ ə|�t�tʃmənt/ noun a device fit-ted to an automatic or semi-automaticweapon to enable it to operate withblank rounds. Abbr BFAblast

blast /blɑ�st/ noun 1. a wave of heatand gasses released by an explosion,and the debris carried by it � The blastbroke all the windows in the vicinity. 2.an explosion � Several people werekilled in the blast. � verb to use explo-sives � We will have to blast a waythrough.


29 bloodless coupblast mine

blast mine /�blɑ�st man/ noun a typeof landmine, which is detonated when itis stepped onblastwall

blastwall /�blɑ�stwɔ�l/ noun a wallwhich is designed to withstand the forceof a bomb blastbleed

bleed /bli�d/ verb to lose blood � Thewound is bleeding badly. (NOTE: bleed-ing – bled)blend

blend /blend/ verb to mix together � toblend in to look the same as everyoneor everything else � Camouflage ena-bles the soldiers to blend in with thewoodland.blind

blind /bland/ adjective unable to see �noun 1. US a camouflaged screen de-signed to conceal a soldier or piece ofequipment � They erected a blind infront of the tank. 2. a missile, shell orother projectile which has been fired buthas failed to explode � The last shellwas a blind. � verb to make someoneblind, either temporarily or permanent-ly � He was blinded by a piece of shrap-nel.Blinder

Blinder /�blandə/ noun a NATO namefor the TU-22 medium bomber aircraftblindfold

blindfold /�blandfəυld/ noun a pieceof fabric tied over a person’s eyes orhead so that he cannot see � They useda sandbag as a blindfold. � verb to tie ablindfold on someone � He was blind-folded.blinding agent

blinding agent /�blandŋ �ed%ənt/noun a chemical agent designed tomake people blindblind spot

blind spot /�bland �spɒt/ noun 1. alocation which cannot be observed 2. alocation in which it is impossible tosend or receive radio transmissionsblister

blister /�blstə/ noun a liquid-filledswelling on the skin caused by a burn,friction or chemical agentblister agent

blister agent /�blstə �ed%ənt/ nouna chemical designed to cause severeblistersblitzkrieg

blitzkrieg /�bltskri�(/ noun an offen-sive operation making maximum use offirepower, manoeuvre warfare and all-arms cooperation � The enemy favourblitzkrieg tactics.

blivet

blivet /�blvt/ noun an inflatable rub-ber container, which is used to store fuelblizzard

blizzard /�blzəd/ noun a combinationof heavy snow and strong windblob

blob /blɒb/ noun a tactical infantry for-mation, in the form of a rough circle �

They moved through the scrub in blobformation.bloc

bloc /blɒk/ noun a group of nationswhich share a common purposeblock

block /blɒk/ noun 1. an obstruction. �

roadblock 2. a solid piece of hard ma-terial � a block of wood � verb to ob-struct � The road is blocked by fallentrees.blockade

blockade /blɒ|�ked/ noun an obstruc-tion of another country’s coastline orborders in order to prevent the move-ment of goods and supplies � Only twoships managed to get through the block-ade. � verb to carry out a blockade �

The enemy is blockading our entirecoast.blockade runner

blockade runner /blɒ|�ked �r�nə/noun a ship, vehicle or person who triesto enter or exit a blockaded countryblockhouse

blockhouse /�blɒkhaυs/ noun a forti-fied structure � Lines of concrete block-houses were built along the Atlanticcoast. � bunkerblood

blood /bl�d/ noun the red liquid in thebodyblood agent

blood agent /�bl�d �ed%ənt/ noun achemical designed to deprive the bodyof oxygenblood bank

blood bank /�bl�d b�ŋk/ noun abuilding or vehicle where blood fortransfusion is storedbloodbath

bloodbath /�bl�dbɑ�θ/ noun a massa-cre, the killing of large numbers of peo-pleblood donor

blood donor /�bl�d �dəυnə/ nounsomeone who gives blood for bloodtransfusionsblood group

blood group /�bl�d (ru�p/ noun atype of blood (e.g. A, B, O, AB)bloodless coup

bloodless coup /�bl�dləs �ku�/ nouna seizure of power achieved withoutbloodshed � The army took over after abloodless coup in 1994.


bloodshed 30bloodshed

bloodshed /�bl�dʃed/ noun an actionwhich results in physical injury or death� The mission was achieved withoutbloodshed.bloodthirsty

bloodthirsty /�bl�dθ$�sti/ adjectiveeager to kill � The Gurkhas have thereputation of being bloodthirsty fear-less soldiers.blood transfusion

blood transfusion /�bl�d tr�ns|

�fju�%(ə)n/ noun an injection of blood,taken from a blood donor and put intothe vein of another personblood vessel

blood vessel /�bl�d �ves(ə)l/ noun avein, artery or capillary carrying bloodaround the bodyblow

blow /bləυ/ verb to destroy with explo-sives � The bridge has been blown.(NOTE: blowing – blew – have blown)Blowpipe

Blowpipe /�bləυpap/ noun a British-designed hand-held optically trackedsurface-to-air missile (SAM)blow up

blow up /�bləυ ��p/ verb 1. to destroysomething with explosives � They blewup the fuel dump. � The railway trackhas been blown up in several places. 2.to explode � The tank blew up.BLT

BLT /�bi� el �ti�/ noun US a combinedarms grouping based on a marine infan-try battalion, including artillery, ar-moured reconnaissance, tanks and engi-neers. Full form battalion landingteam (NOTE: The US Army equivalent istask force (TF).)BLU-82

BLU-82 /�bi� el ju� �eti �tu�/ noun abomb which explodes just aboveground level and is mainly designed toclear trees and vegetation for a helicop-ter landing zone. Also called daisy-cut-terblue

blue /blu�/ noun � blue forces friendlyforces

COMMENT: The positions of friendlyforces are usually marked on a mapin blue, while those of the enemy aremarked in red.

Blue Berets

Blue Berets /�blu� �berez/ pluralnoun soldiers of a United Nations force.Compare Green Berets, red beretsblue on blue

blue on blue /�blu� ɒn �blu�/ nounsame as friendly firebluey

bluey /�blu�/ noun an air-mail letter �

He was writing a bluey.

bluff

bluff /bl�f/ noun 1. US a steep, almostvertical slope (usually above a stream orriver) � The enemy is dug in on thebluffs above the town. 2. an attempt todeceive � The enemy withdrawal is justa bluff. � verb to attempt to deceive �

The enemy is trying to bluff us intothinking that he is going to withdraw.BMD

BMD /�bi� em �di�/ noun a Soviet air-portable infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)BMNT

BMNT /�bi� em en �ti�/ noun US firstlight. Full form beginning of morningnautical twilightBMP

BMP /�bi� em �pi�/ noun a Soviet seriesof infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs)BMP-1

BMP-1 /�bi� em pi� �w�n/ noun a1960s-era IFVBMP-2

BMP-2 /�bi� em pi� �tu�/ noun a 1980s-era IFVBMP-3

BMP-3 /�bi� em pi� �θri�/ noun a1990s-era IFVBn

Bn abbreviation battalionboard

board /bɔ�d/ verb to attack and climbonto a ship � The enemy boarded ourship during cover of darkness. � onboard on or onto a boat, ship or aircraft� The Admiral is spending the night onboard HMS Ardent. � aboardboarding party

boarding party /�bɔ�dŋ �pɑ�t/ nouna group of marines, sailors, etc., who at-tack and board a shipboat people

boat people /�bəυt �pi�pəl/ pluralnoun political refugees who try to es-cape from an oppressive regime by seaboatswain

boatswain /�bəυsən/, bosun/�bəυs(ə)n/ noun an officer or petty of-ficer in charge of equipment and thecrewboatswain’s chair

boatswain’s chair /�bəυsənz tʃeə/noun a seat suspended by ropes forwork on the side of a shipboatswain’s pipe

boatswain’s pipe /�bəυsənz pap/noun a metal whistle traditionally usedby the boatswain for signalling and sa-lutesbody armour

body armour /�bɒdi �ɑ�mə/ noun avest fitted with panels of synthetic ma-terial (e.g. Kevlar) designed to protect asoldier from shrapnel and low-velocitybullets. � bulletproof vest, flak jacket


31 bomb sitebody bag

body bag /�bɒdi �b�(/ noun a strongwaterproof bag designed for transport-ing a dead bodybody count

body count /�bɒdi �kaυnt/ noun 1. acheck to ensure that all the members ofa sub-unit are present � He took a quickbody-count before moving on. 2. US thenumber of enemy killed � This compa-ny has the highest body count in the bat-talion.bodyguard

bodyguard /�bɒdi(ɑ�d/ noun a per-son or group assigned to guard a digni-tary or other important person � Thegeneral’s bodyguard was killed in theattack.body temperature

body temperature /�bɒdi�temprtʃə/ noun the temperature in-side the body, which is used as an indi-cator of someone’s state of health. Thenormal body temperature or a healthyhuman being is 37°C or 98.6°F.Bofors

Bofors /�bəυfəz/ noun a Swedish-de-signed light anti-aircraft gunbog

bog /bɒ(/ noun an area of permanentlywet groundbogey

bogey /�bəυ(i/ noun an enemy fighteraircraft (slang) � Watch out! There’s abogey on your tail! � banditbolt

bolt /bəυlt/ noun part of the firingmechanism of a firearm, consisting of amovable metal block which houses thefiring pin and which is used to push around into the breech and then seal inthe gases which are released when theround is firedbolt-action rifle

bolt-action rifle /�bəυlt ��kʃən�raf(ə)l/ noun a rifle where the boltmust be operated by hand for eachround (as opposed to a semi-automaticrifle) � Most of the rebels are armedwith bolt-action rifles.bomb

bomb /bɒm/ noun an explosive deviceused as a weapon, consisting of a strongmetal container containing explosivematerial together with a priming device� They dropped two tons of bombs onthe castle. � Terrorists placed bombs inthe city centre. � verb to attack withbombs � The base has been bombedtwice in the past two days. � Enemy air-craft bombed our positions. � to bomb

up to resupply a fighting vehicle or air-craft with ammunitionbomb-aimer

bomb-aimer /�bɒm �emə/ noun amember of an aircrew responsible forthe aiming and release of bombsbombard

bombard /bɒm |�bɑ�d/ verb to attackwith artillery � The enemy started tobombard our positions. � shellbombardier

bombardier /bɒmbə |�di�ə/ noun 1. acorporal in the artillery 2. US the bomb-aimer in an aircraft � abbr Bdrbombardment

bombardment /bɒm |�bɑ�dmənt/noun artillery attack (usually lastingsome time) � adjective US referring tobomber aircraft � 34th BombardmentSquadronbomb bay

bomb bay /�bɒm be/ noun a com-partment in an aircraft used to holdbombsbomb disposal

bomb disposal /�bɒm d|�spəυz(ə)l/noun the disarming and safe destructionof unexploded bombsbomb-disposal unit

bomb-disposal unit /�bɒm ds|

�pəozəl �ju�nt/ noun a small group ofsoldiers trained to make unexplodedbombs safebomber

bomber /�bɒmə/ noun 1. a large air-craft designed to drop bombs 2. a per-son who takes part in a bomb attack �

Two of the bombers have been arrested.bombing

bombing /�bɒmŋ/ noun an action ofdropping bombs on a target � Thebomber squadron undertook severalbombing raids on enemy positions. �toss-bombing an attack where bombsare released as the aircraft is making ashallow climb at high speed; the bombs’trajectories then carry them forward aconsiderable distance before they hitthe ground, making it unnecessary forthe aircraft to pass directly over its tar-getbomblet

bomblet /�bɒmlət/ noun a small bombreleased in mid-air by a cluster bomb ormissilebomb sight

bomb sight /�bɒm sat/ noun an opti-cal instrument in an aircraft for the aim-ing of bombsbomb site

bomb site /�bɒm sat/ noun an areawhere buildings have been destroyed bybombs


bomb squad 32bomb squad

bomb squad /�bɒm skwɒd/ noun abomb-disposal unitbonnet

bonnet /�bɒnt/ noun 1. a Scottishmilitary head-dress � Some Scottishregiments wear tartan flashes on theirbonnets. 2. a hinged cover for the en-gine compartment of a car or lorrybooby trap

booby trap /�bu�bi �tr�p/ noun a hid-den or harmless-looking device (oftenexplosive) designed to kill or injure an-yone who touches itbooby-trap

booby-trap /�bu�bi �tr�p/ verb to seta booby trap (in a house, under a car,etc.) � Most of the houses had been boo-by-trapped.boom

boom /bu�m/ noun 1. a floating barrier� There was a boom across the entranceto the harbour. 2. a refuelling-probe onan aircraftboot

boot /bu�t/ noun 1. a strong item offootwear reaching above the ankle 2. aspecial compartment, usually at theback of a car or similar vehicle, for car-rying luggage and toolsboot camp

boot camp /�bu�t k�mp/ noun US anarmy training establishment for new re-cruits (usually with a particularly harshregime) (informal )Bora

Bora /�bɔ�rə/ noun a strong cold windwhich blows in the Balkansborder

border /�bɔ�də/ noun a frontier be-tween two countries � Two tank divi-sions crossed the border.border patrol

border patrol /�bɔ�də pə |�trəυl/ nouna patrol sent out to prevent or providewarning of border incursionsbore

bore /bɔ�/ noun a measurement acrossthe inside of a tube, such as the barrel ofa gun. � smallboreboresight

boresight /�bɔ�sat/ noun a devicewhich is inserted into the barrel of aweapon and then aligned on an aimingmark, so that the weapon’s sighting sys-tems can also be aligned on the samemark � verb to adjust the sights of aweapon using a boresight

COMMENT: Boresighting is only avery rudimentary method of aligningthe sights of a weapon. To ensure ac-curacy, you need to zero the weap-on.

bosun

bosun /�bəυs(ə)n/ � boatswain

botulism

botulism /�bɒtjʃυlz(ə)m/ noun a fa-tal disease, which is normally associat-ed with food poisoning

COMMENT: Caused by a bacillus,Clostridium botulinum, symptoms in-clude paralysis of the muscles, vom-iting, hallucinations and death. Somenations are known to have developedbotulism as a biological weapon.

bound

bound /baυnd/ noun 1. a single move-ment made by a person, sub-unit or ve-hicle, usually from fire position to fireposition or from cover to cover � Thetroop moved in bounds, with one tankcovering while the other two were mov-ing. 2. a limit � in bounds where one isallowed to go � That pub is in-bounds totroops. � out of bounds (OOB) whereone is not allowed to go � That pub isout of bounds to troops.boundary

boundary /�baυnd(ə)ri/ noun a real orimaginary line which marks the limitsof a grouping’s area of responsibility �

That road is the brigade boundary. �

Our mission is to destroy the enemywithin boundaries.bow

bow /baυ/, bows noun the front end ofa ship � a shot across the bows a shotfired in front of a ship as a warning.Compare sternbowser

bowser /�baυzə/ noun a cylindricalcontainer mounted on a trailer, designedto carry fuel or waterbox

box /bɒks/ noun 1. a square or rectan-gular container � They used ammunitionboxes to strengthen the position. 2. atactical vehicle formation, in the formof a square or rectangle � We usually as-sault in box formation.BQMS

BQMS abbreviation battery quarter-master sergeantbrace

brace /bres/ verb to prepare yourselffor a crash or shock (usually by holdingtightly onto something) � Brace!Brace! Brace! a verbal warning givenwhen an aircraft is about to crash orwhen a ship is about to be hit by a mis-sile or torpedobracken

bracken /�br�kən/ noun a plant withfeather-like leaves, which grows exten-sively in woodland and heathlandbracket

bracket /�br�kt/ verb to correct artil-lery or mortar fire so that each adjusting


33 breakthrough

round lands on the opposite side of thetarget to the last round, until the target ishit � He realized that his position wasbeing bracketed.brackish

brackish /�br�kʃ/ adjective (ofwater ) unsuitable for drinking due to ahigh mineral contentBradley

Bradley /�br�dli/ noun an American-designed 1980s-era infantry fightingvehicle (M2 or M3)

COMMENT: The M2 is designed to car-ry a squad of infantry, while the M3 isan armoured cavalry fighting vehiclecarrying additional armament andequipment instead.

bramble

bramble /�br�mbəl/ noun a commonname for the plant of the wild blackber-ry, which grows as a thick thorny bush �It was impossible to get through thebrambles.branch insignia

branch insignia /�brɑ�ntʃ n|�s(niə/noun US insignia which show whichbranch of the armed services a soldierserves inbranch of service

branch of service /�brɑ�ntʃ əv�s$�vs/ noun US the section of thearmed forces, e.g. the army, navy, airforce or marines, in which a personservesbrave

brave /brev/ adjective full of courage,able to control fear � It was brave of himto try to cross the street in front of theenemy positions. � courageousbravery

bravery /�brevəri/ noun the ability tocontrol fear. � courageBravo

Bravo /�brɑ�vəυ/ noun the second let-ter of the phonetic alphabet (Bb)BRDM

BRDM /�bi� ɑ� di� �em/ noun a Sovietseries of wheeled reconnaissance vehi-clesBRDM-2

BRDM-2 /�bi� ɑ� di� em �tu�/ noun alate 1960s-era recce vehicleBRDM-3

BRDM-3 /�bi� ɑ� di� em �θri�/ noun alate 1970s-era recce vehicle armed withATGMbreach

breach /bri�tʃ/ noun a point at whichthe enemy’s line of defence is penetrat-ed � The infantry poured through thebreach in the enemy’s defences. � verbto break through an enemy’s line of de-fence � After a heavy bombardment,

they were still not able to breach the en-emy’s defences.break

break /brek/ noun 1. a place wheresomething is broken � His leg had aclean break just above the ankle. 2. aperiod of rest taken during an activity �After two hours, we had a short break. �verb 1. to cause damage to something �He broke the window. � He broke hisleg. 2. to stop being in a close group �

The enemy has broken. 3. to stop an ac-tivity (usually for a short period) � Theybroke for lunch. 4. � to break contactto stop fighting with the enemy andwithdraw. � disengage � to break cov-er to come out into the openbreakage

breakage /�brekd%/ noun a dam-aged object � Soldiers have to pay fortheir breakages.break down

break down /�brek �daυn/ verb 1. tosuffer from a physical and mental col-lapse as a result of stress (used of peo-ple) � He has broken down completely.2. to stop working because of a mal-function (used of machinery) � Three ofour tanks have broken down. 3. to di-vide into separate components � A pla-toon can be broken down into sections.breakdown

breakdown /�brekdaυn/ noun 1. amechanical failure � a breakdown incommunications with headquarters 2.physical and mental collapse � Afterthree months on the front line he suf-fered a breakdown. 3. an analysis of anorganization � I want a complete break-down of the enemy force.break in

break in /�brek �n/ verb to use forceto enter a building or vehiclebreak out

break out /�brek �aυt/ verb 1. to hap-pen � Fighting broke out along the frontline. 2. to fight your way out of an encir-clement � They were encircled but man-aged to break out without much loss oflife.break through

break through /�brek �θru�/ verb tofight your way through a main line ofdefence � The enemy have brokenthrough near Minden.breakthrough

breakthrough /�brekθru�/ noun anact of fighting your way through a mainline of defence � The enemy have madea breakthrough near Minden.


break up 34break up

break up /�brek ��p/ verb 1. to comeapart, to fall to pieces � The aircraftbroke up in mid-air. 2. to disperse � Thedemonstration broke up when batonrounds were fired. � Troops were sent into break up the demonstration.breastwork

breastwork /�brestw$�k/ noun a lowfield fortification constructed fromearth, rocks, timber, etc.breech

breech /bri�tʃ/ noun the rear part of agun’s barrel, into which a round isplaced in order to be firedBren gun

Bren gun /�bren �(�n/ noun a type oflight machine-gun

COMMENT: The Bren was designed inCzechoslovakia and developed inGreat Britain prior to World War II. Itis still in use in many armies, includ-ing the British Army.

brevet

brevet /�brevt/ noun a commissionwhich entitles an officer to take a higherrank without the appropriate pay � Hewas a brevet lieutenant-colonel. � verbto confer a brevet rank on someone � Hewas breveted as a major. (NOTE: brevet-ing – breveted)

COMMENT: Brevet ranks are usuallyonly conferred in wartime and areseen as temporary appointments.

brew

brew /bru�/ noun a cup of tea or coffee� They stopped for a brew. � verb 1. tomake beer 2. to make teabrew up

brew up /�bru� ��p/ verb 1. to make ahot drink 2. to catch fire (used of vehi-cles)brick

brick /brk/ noun a team of four men,forming part of a multiple � Cpl Smith’sbrick captured the gunman. � multiplebridge

bridge /brd%/ noun 1. a structure builtto carry a road or railway over a river,road or railway 2. the control centre ofa ship � verb to make a bridge oversomething � The enemy have bridgedthe river.bridgehead

bridgehead /�brd%hed/ noun a de-fensive position established on the ene-my side of a river or other obstacle,which is used as a secure base for sub-sequent operationsbridgelayer

bridgelayer /�brd%leə/ noun a vehi-cle which carries and lays a portablebridge

brief

brief /bri�f/ noun 1. orders or instruc-tions � That is not part of our brief. 2. adetailed summary or explanation � Wereceived a brief on the enemy’s organi-zation. � verb 1. to give orders or in-structions � He briefed his platoon forthe attack. 2. to explain a situation indetail � He briefed the brigadier on thetactical situation. Compare debriefbriefing

briefing /�bri�fŋ/ noun 1. orders or in-structions � We all assembled for thedaily briefing. 2. a detailed explanationor summary � The press officer gave abriefing on the current situation to re-porters. 3. a meeting where a briefing isgiven. Compare debriefingbriefing room

briefing room /�bri�fŋ ru�m/ noun aroom where briefing and debriefingtake placebrig

brig /br(/ noun US a military prison(especially on a warship)Brig

Brig abbreviation brigadierbrigade

brigade /br|�(ed/ noun a tacticalarmy grouping of two or more battal-ions or regiments. Abbr Bde

COMMENT: A British armoured brigademight consist of two armoured ormechanized infantry battalions andone armoured regiment or, alterna-tively, two armoured regiments andone infantry battalion, plus artilleryand supporting arms. On operations,these units are broken down andcombined into battle groups. As anexample, an armoured infantry battlegroup might consist of two infantrycompanies and one squadron oftanks, which are organized into twocompany and squadron groupsand a squadron and companygroup under the command of the in-fantry battalion HQ. The exact com-position will vary according to the tac-tical requirement at the time. An air-portable infantry brigade might con-sist of three infantry battalions plusartillery and supporting arms. In theUS Army, a battle group is known asa task force, while company andsquadron groups and squadronand company groups are known ascompany teams.

brigade administration area

brigade administration area /br|

�(ed əd |�mn|�streʃ(ə)n �eəriə/ nounan operational location for the logisticalelements of a brigade. Abbr BAA


35 bumfbrigade commander

brigade commander /br|�(ed kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun an officer who is incommand of a brigadebrigade major

brigade major /br|�(ed �med%ə/noun the chief of staff of a brigadeBrigade of Guards

Brigade of Guards /br|�(ed əv�(ɑ�dz/ noun the five guards infantryregiments of the British Army (Grena-dier Guards, Coldstream Guards, ScotsGuards, Irish Guards and WelshGuards)brigadier

brigadier /�br(ə |�də/ noun a seniorofficer in the army or marines (usuallyin command of brigade). Abbr Brigbrigadier general

brigadier general /�br(ədə�d%en(ə)rəl/ noun US a senior officer inthe army, marines or air force (junior toa major general and senior to a colonel,usually in command of a brigade)BRITFOR

BRITFOR abbreviation British ForceBritish

British /�brtʃ/ adjective relating toGreat Britain (GB) (NOTE: Great Britainis formed of England, Scotland andWales, and with Northern Ireland formsthe United Kingdom (UK).) � BritishArmy of the Rhine (BAOR) obsoletetitle for British ground forces stationedin GermanyBritish Army of the Rhine

British Army of the Rhine /�brtʃ�ɑ�mi əv ðə �rn/ noun an obsolete titlefor British ground forces stationed inGermany. Abbr BAORbrook

brook /brυk/ noun a small streamBSM

BSM abbreviation battery sergeant ma-jorBTR

BTR /�bi� ti� �ɑ�/ noun a Soviet series ofwheeled armoured personnel carriers(APCs)BTR-60

BTR-60 noun a 1960s-era APCBTR-80

BTR-80 noun a 1980s-era APCBTR-90

BTR-90 noun a 1990s-era APCBty

Bty abbreviation batterybubonic plague

bubonic plague /bju� |�bɒnk �ple(/noun same as plaguebuckshee

buckshee /�b�kʃi�/ adjective spare(and usually acquired unofficially or il-legally) (slang) � I’ve got a bucksheesleeping-bag.buddy

buddy /�b�di/ noun US a comrade(informal )

buddy-buddy system

buddy-buddy system /�b�di �b�di�sstəm/ noun a philosophy where com-rades look after each other’s welfareand protect each other in battlebuffer zone

buffer zone /�b�fə �zəυn/ noun a des-ignated area between two groupings,which neither grouping can enter but inwhich enemy can be engaged by eithergrouping (designed to avoid fratricidebetween the two groupings)bugle

bugle /�bju�((ə)l/ noun a musical in-strument, similar to a trumpet, tradi-tionally used to send signals or instruc-tions in the form of musicbugler

bugler /�bju�(lə/ noun a person whoplays the buglebug out

bug out /�b�( �aυt/ verb to abandon aposition or location in a hurry (informal)built-up

built-up /�blt ��p/ adjective coveredby buildings (i.e. cities, towns and otherurban areas) � We will have to movethrough a large built-up area.bull

bull /bυl/ noun the cleaning and polish-ing of kit � The RSM expects plenty ofbull for this parade. � verb to polishboots � He was bulling his boots.bulldozer

bulldozer /�bυldəυzə/ noun a trackedvehicle designed to push obstructionsout of the waybullet

bullet /�bυlt/ noun a projectile firedby a pistol, rifle or machine-gunbulleted blank

bulleted blank /�bυltd �bl�ŋk/noun a blank round designed for usewith some automatic or semi-automaticweapons, containing a projectile whichdisintegrates upon leaving the muzzleof the weaponbulletproof

bulletproof /�bυltpru�f/ adjectivedesigned to prevent penetration by bul-letsbulletproof vest

bulletproof vest /�bυltpru�f �vest/noun a vest fitted with panels of syn-thetic material (e.g. Kevlar) designed toprotect a soldier from shrapnel and low-velocity bullets. � body armour, flakjacketbumf

bumf /b�mf/ noun written instruc-tions, briefings, reports, etc. (slang) � Ihaven’t had time to read all the bumfyet.


bunch 36bunch

bunch /b�ntʃ/ verb to stand or movein close proximity to each other, thuspresenting a good target for machine-guns and artillery (used of a group ofsoldiers or vehicles) � Don’t bunch!Keep spread out!Bundeswehr

Bundeswehr /�bυndəsveə/ noun theGerman armed forces � The crossingsare being held by units of the Bun-deswehr.bungee

bungee /�b�nd%i�/ noun an elasticatedcord used as a fasteningbunker

bunker /�b�ŋkə/ noun 1. a shelter withreinforced sides and a roof, designed towithstand artillery and small-arms fire2. a reinforced underground shelterused for storage (especially of ammuni-tion)bunker buster

bunker buster /�b�ŋkə �b�stə/ nouna powerful bomb which is designed topenetrate a reinforced target and ex-plodeburial detail

burial detail /�berəl �di�tel/ noun adetachment of soldiers assigned to burythe deadburlap

burlap /�b$�l�p/ noun US a coarsefabric used as camouflage or to makesandbags (NOTE: The British Englishterm is hessian.)burn

burn /b$�n/ noun an injury caused byfire, heat, radiation, chemical action,electricity, or friction, resulting in red-ness and blistering of the skin and oftencausing damage to underlying tissues �

verb 1. to damage or destroy somethingby fire � The village had been burnt tothe ground. (NOTE: burning – burnt orburned) 2. to cause burns to someoneor to part of his or her bodyburst

burst /b$�st/ noun 1. the firing of a se-ries of bullets rapidly � There was aburst of machine-gun fire from behindthe wall. 2. an explosion � The burst ofthe shell deafened him. � verb to ex-plode � The shell burst next to the com-mand post.

bury

bury /�beri/ verb to place an object in ahole in the ground and then cover it withsoil � There wasn’t time to bury thedead. � The guerillas buried theirweapons in the forest. (NOTE: burying –buried – have buried)busby

busby /�b�sb/ noun a ceremonial furheaddress traditionally worn by cavalrysoldiers

COMMENT: The busby is sometimesconfused with the bearskin cap,which is a similar but much tallerheaddress traditionally worn byguards infantry soldiers.

bush

bush /bυʃ/ noun 1. a plant resemblinga small tree 2. � the Bush in Australiaand South Africa, wild uncultivated ter-rainbust

bust /b�st/ (slang) adjective damagedor broken � The radio is bust. � verb 1.to damage or break � I’ve bust my bin-oculars. 2. to demote � Cpl Hobbs hasbeen busted.butt

butt /b�t/ noun 1. part of the riflewhich a person places against his shoul-der during firing � He killed the manwith his rifle butt. 2. � the butts the tar-get end of a shooting range � He’s in thebutts.butte

butte /bju�t/ noun US a small isolatedhill, with a flat top and steep slopesbutt salute

butt salute /�b�t sə |�lu�t/ noun a sa-lute made by slapping the butt or hand-guard of the rifleBVR

BVR /�bi� vi� �ɑ�r/ adjective, adverb toofar from an enemy aircraft to see it withthe naked eye � We’ll have to use ourBVR missiles. Full form beyond visualrange. Compare WVRbypass

bypass /�bapɑ�s/ noun a road whichpasses around the outside of a town (inorder to avoid going through the centre)� The bypass has been cratered. � verbto move past an enemy position withoutengaging it � We’ve been ordered to by-pass the village and continue our ad-vance.


CHARLIE - CcC3

C3 abbreviation command, control andcommunicationsC-17

C-17 /�si� sevən �ti�n/ noun an Ameri-can-designed heavy-lift transport air-craft, which is capable of landing onshort runways. Also called Globemas-terC-130

C-130 /�si� w�n �θ$�ti/ noun an Amer-ican-designed transport aircraft. Alsocalled HerculesC-141

C-141 /�si� w�n fɔ� �w�n/ noun anAmerican-designed transport aircraft.Also called StarlifterC-601

C-601 /si� �sks əυ �w�n/ noun a Chi-nese-designed anti-ship missileC-801

C-801 /si� �et əυ �w�n/ noun a Chi-nese-designed anti-ship missileCA

CA abbreviation cruiser (with guns)cab

cab /k�b/ noun the driver’s compart-ment of a lorry or truckCAB

CAB /�si� e �bi�, k�b/ abbreviation UScombat aviation brigadecabin

cabin /�k�bn/ noun 1. a room on anaircraft or ship (normally used as livingquarters) � The captain called a meet-ing in his cabin. 2. US a hut or simpleshelter � They spent the night in a cabinin the mountains.cable

cable /�keb(ə)l/ noun 1. a thick metalwire which is used to convey electricityfrom one place to another 2. a thickmetal wire which is used to moor a ship,or to tow a ship or vehicle. Also calledhawsercache

cache /k�ʃ/ noun a hidden store ofammunition, equipment or food � Wefound a cache of ammunition in a hol-low tree. � verb to put something in acache � We cached our spare rationsclose to the track.

cadence

cadence /�kedəns/ noun 1. a stand-ard time and pace for marching in step� They use a cadence of 95 paces to theminute. 2. a drum-beat or song designedto help maintain the cadence � I heardthe squad chanting their cadence.cadet

cadet /kə|�det/ noun a schoolboy orgirl who is a member of an official or-ganization, which is designed to giveyoung people a taste of life in the armedforces � A party of cadets will be visit-ing the barracks tomorrow.cadre

cadre /�kɑ�də/ noun a small unit oftrained or experienced personnel, whichcan be used to form the basis for a muchlarger unit consisting mainly of un-trained or less experienced personnel(e.g. recruits, reservists, territorials, etc)cairn

cairn /keən/ noun a pile of stones orrocks, often built as a marker or monu-ment � There’s a cairn on the summit.caisson

caisson /�kesən/ noun a trailer de-signed to carry ammunitioncalculations in time and space

calculations in time and space/�k�lkjυleʃ(ə)nz n �tam ən �spes/plural noun calculations to determinehow long it will take to get from one lo-cation to anothercaliber

caliber /�k�lbə/ noun US spelling ofcalibrecalibre

calibre /�k�lbə/ noun 1. the internaldiameter of a gun barrel 2. the externaldiameter of a projectilecall

call /kɔ�l/ noun 1. a shout or cry 2. a ra-dio message � on call available on re-quest � we have a section of mortars oncall � verb 1. to speak loudly � Weheard him calling. 2. to summon � Hecalled the man over. 3. to request or or-der � He called for smoke. 4. to wakesomeone up � Call me at 0600. 5. to


call out 38

speak to someone on a radio or tele-phone � He called the duty officer to in-form him of the incident.call out

call out /�kɔ�l �aυt/ verb to deploy aforce in response to an incident or threat� The battalion has been called out. �

Call out the QRF!call-out

call-out /�kɔ�l �aυt/ noun an act of de-ploying a force in response to an inci-dent or threat � The GOC was very un-impressed with our performance duringthe last call-out.call sign

call sign /�kɔ�l �san/ noun a name,letters or numbers used to identify aperson or sub-unit on the radio. AbbrC/S � alternate call sign a second oremergency call signcall up

call up /�kɔ�l ��p/ verb to summon formilitary service � All the young menhave been called up. � He was called upin 1944 and immediately sent to thefront.call-up

call-up /�kɔ�l ��p/ noun an action ofcalling someone to join the armed forc-es � His call-up was deferred becausehe was still at university.caltrops

caltrops /�k�ltrɒps/ plural noun a setof metal spikes designed to damage ve-hicle tyrescalvary

calvary /�k�lvər/ noun a small road-side religious monument, in the form ofJesus on the cross (common in RomanCatholic regions) � There’s a calvary100 metres before the junction.cam

cam /k�m/ (informal ) noun camou-flage � Put plenty of cam on this tank. �verb � to cam up to apply camouflage� they cammed upcam-cream

cam-cream /�k�m kri�m/ noun sameas camouflage creamcam-net

cam-net /�k�m net/ noun a camou-flage netcamouflage

camouflage /�k�məflɑ�%/ noun 1.the use of natural and man-made mate-rials to make something blend in withthe surrounding area � Camouflage isan essential military skill. 2. materialsused for camouflage (natural vegeta-tion, camouflage net, fabric, paint) �

Put plenty of camouflage on this tank. �verb to conceal something by making it

blend in with its surroundings � Theywere camouflaging their vehicles.camouflage cream

camouflage cream /�k�məflɑ�%�kri�m/ noun cosmetic face-paint forcamouflage. Also called cam-creamcamouflage net

camouflage net /�k�məflɑ�% �net/noun a covering of knotted cord andpieces of fabric, used to conceal a vehi-cle, piece of equipment or structurecamp

camp /k�mp/ noun 1. a place wherepeople are accommodated in temporaryshelter (such as tents) � The refugeesare being housed in camps. 2. a placewhere troops are accommodated andtrained � The recruits returned to camp.� verb to live outdoors in temporaryshelter � We camped by the river.campaign

campaign /k�m|�pen/ noun a pro-longed period of military activity in aspecific area or region � We are plan-ning an autumn campaign at the end ofthe rainy season. � the North AfricaCampaign a long period of warfare inNorth Africa � verb to conduct or takepart in a campaign � The army spenttwo years campaigning in North Africa.campaign medal

campaign medal /k�m|�pen�med(ə)l/ noun a medal awarded forservice during a certain campaigncamp-bed

camp-bed /�k�mp �bed/ noun a light-weight folding or collapsible bed usedfor camping (NOTE: The American Eng-lish term is cot.)camp-follower

camp-follower /�k�mp �fɒləυwə/noun a civilian who attaches himself orherself to an army during a campaigncamp site

camp site /�k�mp �sat/ noun a placeused for setting up a campcamstick

camstick /�k�mstk/ noun a solidstick of face paintcan

can /k�n/ noun 1. a metal container forliquid (such as a petrol can) 2. US ametal container in which food or drinkis hermetically sealed for storage overlong periods (NOTE: In British English,tin is more usual.)canal

canal /kə |�n�l/ noun an artificial wa-terway used for navigation or irrigationCandid

Candid /�k�ndd/ noun a NATO namefor Soviet-designed IL-76 transport air-craft


39 Captcanister

canister /�k�nstə/ noun 1. a metalcontainer for gas or aerosol � Youshould wear protective clothing whenhandling gas canisters. 2. a direct-fireanti-personnel round for a tank gun orartillery piece, consisting of a fragilecontainer filled with small projectiles;the container disintegrates as it leavesthe muzzle of the gun and the projec-tiles spread out like shot from an enor-mous shotgun 3. a disposable air filterfor a respirator � Soldiers are trainedhow to change their canisters in NBCconditions.cannibalize

cannibalize /�k�nbəlaz/, cannibal-ise verb to use damaged or defectiveequipment as a source of spare partscannon

cannon /�k�nən/ noun 1. a large-cali-bre heavy machine-gun 2. a largewheeled gun, often capable of firing ex-plosive projectiles 3. an outdated muz-zle-loading artillery piece (historical)cannonball

cannonball /�k�nənbɔ�l/ noun alarge round stone or metal ball, firedfrom old cannonscannon fodder

cannon fodder /�k�nən �fɒdə/ nounsoldiers who are seen merely as materi-al to be used during a warcanoe

canoe /kə|�nu�/ noun a small hand-powered narrow boat with pointed endscanopy

canopy /�k�nəpi/ noun 1. a coveringsuspended over an object � We erecteda canopy to protect the wounded fromthe sun. 2. the fabric part of a parachute� His canopy failed to open properly. 3.a cover provided by the leaves andbranches of trees in a wood, forest, jun-gle, etc. � The jungle’s canopy con-cealed the enemy’s movements. 4. thetransparent cover of an aircraft’s cock-pit � The aircraft needed a new canopy.canteen

canteen /k�n|�ti�n/ noun 1. a placewhere food and drink is sold 2. a waterbottle 3. a set of eating utensilscanvas

canvas /�k�nvəs/ noun a very strongwater-resistant fabric used to maketents, tarpaulins, etc. � under canvasaccommodated in tents or in the field �

we’ve spent the last six months undercanvasCAOC

CAOC abbreviation combined air op-erations centre

CAP

CAP abbreviation combat air patrolcapability

capability /�kepə |�bləti/ noun beingable to do somethingcapability package

capability package /�kepə|�blti�p�kd%/ noun forces, infrastructureand supplies which allow a commanderto be able to do what is required. AbbrCPcapable

capable /�kepəb(ə)l/ noun able to dosomething � I don’t think he is capableof commanding a battalion. � He is avery capable NCO.cap badge

cap badge /�k�p b�d%/ noun a badgeon a soldier’s cap, usually showingwhich regiment or unit he or she be-longs tocap-comforter

cap-comforter /�k�p �k�mfətə/noun a woollen hat, originally designedto be worn under a helmet in coldweather � The patrol will wear cap-comforters.capital

capital /�k�pt(ə)l/ adjective 1. pun-ishable by death (legal ) � Treason is acapital offence. 2. � capital letters theletters of the alphabet written as A, B,C, instead of a, b, c � noun 1. the mostimportant city or town in a country orregion � The army pressed on to the out-skirts of the capital. 2. � in block capi-tals written entirely in capital letters �

this form should be completed in blockcapitalscapitalism

capitalism /�k�pt(ə)lz(ə)m/ nounan economic system involving invest-ment and profit-making by private indi-viduals. Compare communismcapitalist

capitalist /�k�pt(ə)lst/ adjective fa-vouring capitalism � noun someonewho favours capitalismcapital punishment

capital punishment /�k�pt(ə)l�p�nʃmən(ə)t/ noun the execution of aconvicted criminalcapitulate

capitulate /kə|�ptjυlet/ verb to stopfighting and acknowledge the suprema-cy of an enemy. � surrendercapitulation

capitulation /kə|�ptjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of capitulatingcapsize

capsize /k�p|�saz/ verb to overturn (aboat) � The ship has capsized.Capt

Capt abbreviation captain


captain 40captain

captain /�k�ptn/ noun 1. a senior of-ficer in the navy (above a commander,and usually in command of a warship)2. an officer in the army or marinesabove the rank of lieutenant and belowa major 3. US an officer in the navy(usually in command of a warship) 4.US an officer in the army, marines or airforce (usually in command of a compa-ny or equivalent-sized grouping). �

group captain � abbr CaptCOMMENT: British Army captains haveenough experience to make them el-igible for a variety of different roles.Within a unit, they might act as sec-ond-in-command of a company orequivalent-sized grouping or have aspecialist role in the unit’s headquar-ters (as for example adjutant, intelli-gence officer, operations officer,etc.). Outside the unit, they might beemployed as an aide-de-camp(ADC), or as a junior staff officer in abrigade or divisional headquarters. Inthe British armed forces, a captain inthe marines is considered to be theequivalent of a major in the army. Therank of captain in the US Army re-quires more experience and higherqualifications than its equivalent inthe British Army, and is thereforeconsidered to have greater seniority.Captains in the US Army are eligibleto command companies or equiva-lent-sized groupings.

captive

captive /�k�ptv/ noun someone whohas been capturedcaptivity

captivity /k�p|�tvti/ noun a state ofbeing a captive � in captivity beingheld captivecaptor

captor /�k�ptə/ noun someone whocaptures another person or holds themas a prisoner or hostage � None of ourcaptors spoke English.capture

capture /�k�ptʃə/ noun 1. an act oftaking someone prisoner � He evadedcapture. 2. an act of taking possessionof something by force � The capture ofthe town was a disaster. � verb 1. to takesomeone prisoner � We captured twogenerals. 2. to take possession of some-thing by force � They captured an ene-my supply dump.car

car /kɑ�/ noun a small motorized pas-senger vehicle

carabinier

carabinier /k�rəb|�nə/ noun(historical ) 1. an elite light infantryman2. an elite heavy cavalryman

COMMENT: Some modern armouredregiments retain their historical titleas Carabiniers.

carbine

carbine /�kɑ�ban/ noun a light short-barrelled riflecar bomb

car bomb /�kɑ� bɒm/ noun a terroristbomb concealed in a vehiclecard

card /kɑ�d/ noun a small piece of stiffpaper or plasticcargo

cargo /�kɑ�(əυ/ noun goods or sup-plies carried by an aircraft or ship.Compare freightcargo net

cargo net /�kɑ�(əυ net/ noun a largestrong net, usually attached to a verticalframe, for people to climb up on an as-sault courseCarl Gustav

Carl Gustav /�kɑ�l (υ |�stɑ�v/ noun aSwedish-designed hand-held 84mmmedium anti-tank weapon (MAW)car park

car park /�kɑ� pɑ�k/ noun an area ofground or building used for parking carscarpet bombing

carpet bombing /�kɑ�pt �bɒmŋ/noun dropping bombs or bombletsevenly over a wide area of groundcar phone

car phone /�kɑ� fəυn/ noun a radio-telephone fitted to a motor vehicle.Abbr CVWcarrier

carrier /�k�riə/ noun a person or thingwhich carries somethingcarrier air wing

carrier air wing /�k�riə �eə �wŋ/noun a US tactical grouping of navalaviation squadrons operating from asingle aircraft carrier. Abbr CVW

COMMENT: A carrier air wing (CVW)usually consists of a fighter squad-ron, three ground-attack squadrons,an electronic-attack squadron, an air-borne early warning squadron, a sea-strike squadron, a helicopter anti-submarine squadron, and a small de-tachment of logistics aircraft.

carrier battle group

carrier battle group /�k�riə�b�t(ə)l �(ru�p/ noun a tactical group-ing of warships which includes an air-craft carriercarrier pigeon

carrier pigeon /�k�riə �pd%ən/ nouna bird used for carrying messages


41 Catholiccarrier wave

carrier wave /�k�riə wev/ noun anelectromagnetic wave used to carry aradio signalcarry

carry /�k�ri/ verb 1. to hold � He wascarrying a gun. 2. to contain and trans-port goods � The trucks were carryingammunition. 3. to have in your posses-sion � He was carrying drugs. 4. to beinfected with but not necessarily affect-ed by a transmissible disease � He wascarrying hepatitis B. 5. to bear theweight of � This bridge can carry tanks.6. to reach (used of weapons, radio sig-nals, etc.) � This gun can carry up tofive kilometres. 7. to capture � They car-ried the enemy position.carry on

carry on /�k�ri �ɒn/ verb to continuedoing something � He told the men tocarry on with their tasks. � Permissionto carry on, Sir?carry out

carry out /�k�ri �aυt/ verb 1. to dosomething � He was carrying out a rou-tine check. 2. to complete an activity �

We couldn’t carry out our mission.cart

cart /kɑ�t/ noun a wheeled vehiclepulled by a horse or other animalcarton

carton /�kɑ�t(ə)n/ noun a containermade of cardboard or papercartridge

cartridge /�kɑ�trd%/ noun a metal orplastic case containing the propellantfor a projectile (and usually the projec-tile as well)cartridge-belt

cartridge-belt /�kɑ�trd% belt/ nouna belt fitted with loops or pouches tohold cartridges (NOTE: A cartridge to-gether with its projectile are usuallyknown as a round.)cas

cas abbreviation casualtyCAS

CAS abbreviation close air supportcase

case /kes/ noun 1. a container 2. a sit-uation � In this case, we should not at-tack. 3. a matter under investigation orstudy � He is dealing with several cas-es. 4. a type of writingcaseless ammunition

caseless ammunition /�kesləs��mjυ |�nʃ(ə)n/, caseless rounds/raυndz/ noun the latest development insmall-arms ammunition, where the pro-pellant is produced as a solid blockwhich is formed around the projectile,thus removing the need for a metal car-tridge case

COMMENT: Caseless rounds are light-er in weight and cheaper to producethan normal rounds and less likely tocause a stoppage, because there isno empty case to be ejected. Theywould normally be issued ready-packed in a disposable magazine.

CASEVAC

CASEVAC /�k�zv�k/, casevacnoun the movement of an injured per-son to a place where he/she can receivemedical treatment � We must arrange acasevac. Full form casualty evacua-tion � verb to move an injured person toa place where he/she can receive medi-cal treatment (informal) � He has beencasevacked. (NOTE: CASEVACing –CASEVACed)casket

casket /�kɑ�skt/ noun US a box inwhich a dead body is buried or cremat-ed (NOTE: The British English term iscoffin.)castle

castle /�kɑ�s(ə)l/ noun a large fortifiedbuilding or complexcasualty

casualty /�k�%uəlti/ noun someonewho is killed or injured � The enemysuffered heavy casualties. � Newspa-pers carried reports of civilian casual-ties.casualty clearing-station

casualty clearing-station/�k�%uəlti �klərŋ �steʃ(ə)n/ noun aplace where casualties are assessed andgiven emergency medical treatment, be-fore being evacuated to a place wherethey can receive proper medical treat-mentcasualty evacuation

casualty evacuation /�k�%uəlti |

�v�kju|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of CA-SEVACcatapult

catapult /�k�təp�lt/ noun 1. an appa-ratus for helping planes take off fromthe deck of an aircraft carrier 2. a weap-on made of a Y-shaped piece of metalwith a rubber attached, used to sendstones and other small projectiles overlong distances (NOTE: The AmericanEnglish term is slingshot.)catering

catering /�ketərŋ/ noun the work ofbuying food and drink and cookingmeals for peopleCatholic

Catholic /�k�θlk/ noun � RomanCatholic Church � adjective of the Ro-man Catholic Church


cattle 42cattle

cattle /�k�t(ə)l/ plural noun the collec-tive word for bulls and cowscattle grid

cattle grid /�k�t(ə)l (rd/ noun an ob-stacle in road, consisting of a shallowpit covered with a metal grid, which al-lows vehicles to pass freely but not cat-tle or other livestockcauseway

causeway /�kɔ�zwe/ noun a raisedroad or path across water or wet groundcaution

caution /�kɔ�ʃ(ə)n/ noun attention tosafetycaution signal

caution signal /�kɔ�ʃ(ə)n �s(n(ə)l/noun a warning signal that something isnot safe (NOTE: The term caution is of-ten used on signs warning of danger,for example: Caution – Snipers!)cautious

cautious /�kɔ�ʃəs/ adjective careful inregard to possible danger � He is a verycautious commander.cavalry

cavalry /�k�v(ə)lri/ noun 1. troopsmounted on horseback (traditional term)� the Household Cavalry the LifeGuards and the Blues and Royals, theelite troops who traditionally guard theBritish monarch 2. tanks or armouredreconnaissance troops

COMMENT: With the introduction of ar-moured fighting vehicles, the cavalryunits of most armies were convertedinto armoured units. In general, theseunits have preserved their historicalassociation with the horse, as well asretaining the traditional cavalry rolesof reconnaissance and shock actionon the battlefield. ‘The cavalry arethere to add a touch of class to whatwould otherwise be a vulgar brawl.’[Anon]

cavalry fighting vehicle

cavalry fighting vehicle /�k�v(ə)lri�fatŋ �vi�k(ə)l/ noun full form ofCFVcave

cave /kev/ noun a natural chamber inthe side of a hill � The deserters hid ina cave. � verb � to cave in to collapse �The trench has caved in. � As we ad-vanced the opposition caved in.CB

CB abbreviation 1. citizens’ band 2.confined to barracksCBW

CBW abbreviation chemical and bio-logical warfarecc

cc /�si� �si�/ abbreviation cubic centi-metres � This vehicle has an 1800cc en-gine.

CCTV

CCTV /�si�si�ti�|�vi�/ noun a surveil-lance system, consisting of camerasconnected by cable to television receiv-ers. Full form closed-circuit televi-sionCdo

Cdo abbreviation commandocease

cease /si�s/ verb to stop � to cease fireto stop shootingceasefire

ceasefire /�si�sfaə/ noun an agree-ment to stop fighting � The enemy haveagreed to a ceasefire. � armistice, trucecell

cell /sel/ noun 1. a small room used tohold a prisoner � He was found dead inhis cell. 2. a small group which formspart of a larger organization � There areseveral terrorist cells operating in thisarea. 3. the department of a headquar-ters in the field � the G3 cell � the NBCcellcellar

cellar /�selə/ noun the part of a build-ing below ground level (normally usedfor storage). � basementcemetery

cemetery /�semət(ə)ri/ noun an areaof ground used for the burial of thedead. � churchyard, graveyardcensor

censor /�sensə/ noun a person or or-ganization authorized to examine let-ters, newspapers, books, radio or televi-sion broadcasts, etc., and to suppressany material which is judged to be sub-versive, obscene, a breach of security,or otherwise unsuitable for release tothe general public � The censor had de-leted most of the letter. � verb to act as acensor � All reports from the battlefieldhave been heavily censored.CENTCOM

CENTCOM /�senttkɒm/ noun US thedepartment of US forces responsible fordefending American national interestsin the Middle East (excluding Israel,Syria and Lebanon which are coveredby EUCOM), parts of East Africa andsouth-west Asia. Full form centralcommandcentral command

central command /�sentrəl kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun US full form of CENT-COMCentral Intelligence Agency

Central Intelligence Agency/�sentrəl n|�teld%(ə)ns �ed%(ə)nsi/noun full form of CIAcentre of gravity

centre of gravity /�sentər əv�(r�vti/ noun the main source of an


43 challenge

enemy’s power and strength � The ene-my’s centre of gravity is formed by hiselite armoured divisions.Centurion

Centurion /sen|�tjυəriən/ noun a Brit-ish-designed late 1940s-era main battletank (MBT)CEP

CEP /�si�i�|�pi�/ noun an area surround-ing an intended target within which aballistic missile or stick of bombs mightland � This missile has a CEP of around3000 metres. Full form circular errorprobableceramic

ceramic /sə |�r�mk/ adjective made ofclay which has been hardened by heat �Compound armour consists of steel andceramic layers.ceramic armour

ceramic armour /s|�r�mk �ɑ�mə/noun a combination armour which in-cludes ceramic materials in its composi-tionceremonial

ceremonial /�ser|�məυniəl/ adjectiverelating to formal military occasions(such as a parade) � noun a procedurecarried out during formal military occa-sions � He is responsible for all the cer-emonial.ceremonials

ceremonials /�ser|�məυniəlz/ pluralnoun ceremonial uniform � The battal-ion was in full ceremonials.ceremonial uniform

ceremonial uniform /�serməυniəl�ju�nfɔ�m/ noun dress worn for specialoccasions, such as parades, which ismore colourful than the normal khakiuniform � The guards were in their fullceremonial uniforms.cessation

cessation /se|�seʃ(ə)n/ noun thestopping of an activity or state of affairs� The UN has demanded a cessation ofhostilities.CET

CET abbreviation combat engineertractorCfn

Cfn abbreviation craftsmanCFV

CFV /�si� ef �vi�/ noun an M3 variant ofthe Bradley infantry fighting vehicle.Full form cavalry fighting vehicle.Compare BFVCG

CG /�si� �d%i�/ abbreviation cruiser(with guided missiles) � noun 1. US acommanding general 2. a type of chok-ing agent. Full form carbonyl chlo-ride. Also called phosgene

CGN

CGN abbreviation cruiser (nuclear-powered, with guided missiles)CH-47

CH-47 /�si� �etʃ �fɔ�ti|�sevən/ noun �

ChinookCH-53

CH-53 /�si� �etʃ �ffti|�θri�/ noun anAmerican-designed heavy transporthelicopter. Also called Sea Stallion,Super Stallion, Jolly Green Giantchaff

chaff /tʃɑ�f, tʃ�f/ noun strips of metalfoil dropped by aircraft in order to con-fuse enemy radar or decoy radar-guidedmissileschagul

chagul /tʃ�|�(υl/ noun in Arabic, a wa-ter container made of coarse fabric,which is designed to keep water cool bythe process of evaporationchain-gun

chain-gun /�tʃen|�(�n/ noun a ma-chine-gun, where the firing-mechanismis powered by a motor in order to pro-duce a high rate of firechain of command

chain of command /�tʃen əv kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun a command structurewithin a grouping � Demoralization isevident throughout the chain of com-mand.chalk

chalk /tʃɔ�k/ noun 1. a soft white lime-stone rock, often found under a shallowcovering of soil and grass � It’s veryhard work digging into chalk. 2. a writ-ing instrument produced from chalk �

The sign was written in chalk. 3. agroup of passengers in an aircraft (espe-cially helicopters) � The first threechalks must be ready to move at1400hrs.challenge

challenge /�tʃ�lnd%/ noun 1. a callto identify oneself � He didn’t hear thesentry’s challenge. 2. an invitation totake part in a contest or combat � Wehave received a challenge to a footballmatch from B Company. 3. a difficult ordemanding task � This mission will be achallenge for us all. 4. opposition �

Your remarks were a challenge to myauthority. � verb 1. to call upon some-one to identify himself � We crept up tothe gate and were immediately chal-lenged by a sentry. 2. to invite someoneto take part in a contest or combat � BCompany have challenged us to a foot-ball match. 3. to contradict or object to


Challenger 44

something � He challenged his platooncommander’s report.Challenger

Challenger /�tʃ�lənd%ə/ noun a Brit-ish-designed 1980s-era main battle tank(MBT)challenging

challenging /�tʃ�lnd%ŋ/ adjectivedifficult or demanding � The marinesfaced the challenging task of climbingup a 30m vertical cliff.chamber

chamber /�tʃembə/ noun the part of agun in which a round is placed for firingchannel

channel /�tʃ�n(ə)l/ noun 1. a stretchof water between two seas 2. a stretch ofdeep water through an area of shallowwater � There are several navigablechannels in the estuary. 3. a natural orman-made ditch or watercourse 4. aband of radio frequencies � You are onthe wrong channel. 5. the way in whichinformation is passed from one place toanother � verb to make something movein a specific direction � The minefieldswill channel the enemy into our killing-zone. (NOTE: channelling – chan-nelled; US channeling – channeled)Channel

Channel /�tʃ�n(ə)l/ noun � EnglishChannelchannels of communication

channels of communication/�tʃ�n(ə)lz əv kə |�mju�n|�keʃ(ə)n/plural noun ways of communicatingchapel

chapel /�tʃ�p(ə)l/ noun a small build-ing (normally without a spire or tower)used for religious worship by Christianschaplain

chaplain /�tʃ�pln/ noun a person au-thorized to lead religious worship. � pa-drecharacter

character /�k�rktə/ noun 1. person-ality � He has a strong character. 2. aletter, number or symbol � The messageconsists of one hundred and seventeencharacters.charge

charge /tʃɑ�d%/ noun 1. a rapid andaggressive movement towards the ene-my � Our charge was stopped by aminefield. 2. an official accusation of acrime or offence � You are on a chargeof insubordination. 3. a measured quan-tity of propellant used to fire a projectile� The charges and shells are stored sep-arately. 4. an explosive device � The en-gineers placed several charges on thebridge. 5. the electrical energy stored in

a battery � None of these batteries haveany charge left. � verb 1. to move quick-ly and aggressively towards the enemy� The squad charged at the bunker. � Wecharged across the field towards the en-emy positions. 2. to make an official ac-cusation against someone � You arecharged with desertion. 3. to put electri-cal energy into a battery or other device� He is charging radio batteries. � tobe in charge (of someone or some-thing) to be responsible for doingsomething or for looking after someoneor something � I left Sergeant Jones incharge of the prisoners, sir. � The cor-poral is in charge until the sergeant getsback.Charlie

Charlie /�tʃɑ�li/ noun the third letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Cc)chart

chart /tʃɑ�t/ noun a map of an area ofwater (such as sea, river or lake)chassis

chassis /�ʃ�si/ noun the base frame ofa vehicle � The Scorpion’s chassis hasbeen used for several other types of ar-moured vehicle.check

check /tʃek/ noun an examination toestablish the accuracy, amount, condi-tion or identity of something � He or-dered a check of all the buildings. � verb1. to examine something in order to es-tablish its condition � Check yourweapons. � He went round to check thesentries. 2. to count � He checked hisplatoon. 3. to look for � He checked theroom for booby-traps. 4. to stop doingsomething � to check firing to stop fir-ing � adverb � check! OK!, all right!(informal )checklist

checklist /�tʃeklst/ noun 1. a list ofthings to be checked 2. a list of tasks tobe completedcheckpoint

checkpoint /�tʃekpɔnt/ noun 1. aplace (usually on a road) where peopleor vehicles are stopped and inspected orsearched 2. a place or feature on theground which is used as a navigationalreference point � Our next checkpoint isthe track junction at grid 339648.chemical

chemical /�kemk(ə)l/ adjective refer-ring to chemistry � noun 1. a substanceformed by reactions between elements,obtained by or used in chemical proc-esses � These are some of the most dan-


45 choke

gerous chemicals used in warfare. 2. achemical weapon � The enemy are us-ing chemicals.chemical agent

chemical agent /�kemk(ə)l�ed%ənt/ noun a type of chemicalweaponchemical and biological warfare

chemical and biological warfare/�kemk(ə)l ən �baəlɒd%k(ə)l�wɔ�feə/ noun warfare using bothchemical and biological weapons. AbbrCBWchemical attack

chemical attack /�kemk(ə)l ə|�t�k/noun an attack using chemical weaponschemical sentry

chemical sentry /�kemk(ə)l �sentri/noun a soldier assigned to watch forsigns of a chemical attackchemical shell

chemical shell /�kemk(ə)l ʃel/ nounan artillery round used as a means of de-livering a chemical agentchemical warfare

chemical warfare /�kemk(ə)l�wɔ�feə/ noun warfare involving theuse of chemical weaponschemical-warfare unit

chemical-warfare unit /�kemk(ə)l�wɔ�feə �ju�nt/ noun a specialist unittrained to detect the presence of chemi-cal weapons and to decontaminate per-sons, equipment and vehicles whichhave been affectedchemical warhead

chemical warhead /�kemk(ə)l �wɔ�|

�hed/ noun the explosive part of a mis-sile used as a means of delivering achemical agentchemical weapon

chemical weapon /�kemk(ə)l�wepən/ noun a chemical substanceused as a weapon (such as poisonousgas)chevron

chevron /�ʃevrən/ noun a V-shapedstripe worn on the sleeve and used todenote non-commissioned officer rank.Also called stripes

COMMENT: In the British Army, as ageneral rule, a single chevron de-notes a lance corporal, two chevronsa corporal, three chevrons a ser-geant, and three chevrons surmount-ed by a crown a colour sergeant orstaff sergeant.

chief

chief /tʃi�f/ adjective the most senioror important � He is the chief adviser. �noun 1. a ruler of a tribal group or clan2. the head of a department

chief master sergeant

chief master sergeant /�tʃi�f�mɑ�stə �sɑ�d%ənt/ noun US a seniornon-commissioned officer (SNCO) inthe air forcechief of staff

chief of staff /�tʃi�f əv �stɑ�f/ nounthe most senior staff officer in a head-quarters. Abbr COSchief petty officer

chief petty officer /�tʃi�f �peti�ɒfsə/ noun a senior non-commis-sioned officer (SNCO) in the navy.Abbr CPOChieftain

Chieftain /�tʃi�ftən/ noun a British-designed 1960s-era main battle tank(MBT)

COMMENT: In a headquarters, thechief of staff (COS) coordinates oper-ational matters, while the deputychief of staff (DCOS) is responsiblefor logistics.

chief warrant officer

chief warrant officer /�tʃi�f �wɒrənt�ɒfsə/ noun US a senior warrant officerin the US armed forces ranking above awarrant officer and below a second lieu-tenant or ensignchigger

chigger /�tʃ(ə/ noun a tiny tropicalinsect, which burrows into an animal’sskin (especially on the feet) in order tolay its eggs. Also called jiggerChinagraph

Chinagraph /�tʃanə(rɑ�f/ noun awax pencil designed for writing onplastic (such as a map-case, overlay,talc, etc.)Chinook

Chinook /tʃ|�nu�k/ noun an Americantwin-rotor CH-47 transport helicopterchock

chock /tʃɒk/ noun a metal or woodenblock designed to stop a wheel movingChoghi

Choghi /�tʃɒ(/, choggie noun a per-son of Asian origin, who runs a canteenor other shop on a British operationalbase or warship

COMMENT: The word Choghi is a leg-acy from the British Army in India,and is not supposed to be a deroga-tory term.

choke

choke /tʃəυk/ verb 1. to obstruct a per-son’s airway so that he cannot breathe �I choked him with my belt. 2. to be una-ble to breathe because of an obstructionto the airway � He is choking. 3. toblock a passage � The road was chokedby refugees.


choke-point 46choke-point

choke-point /�tʃəυk|�pɔnt/ noun anatural or man-made feature which re-stricts the movement of large numbersof people or vehicles � The valley is apotential choke-point for enemy ar-mour.choking agent

choking agent /�tʃəυkŋ �ed%ənt/noun a chemical weapon designed to at-tack the lungscholera

cholera /�kɒlərə/ noun a highly infec-tious disease of the intestine whichcauses vomiting and diarrhoea and isoften fatal; it is caused by food and wa-ter infected by Vibrio cholerae

COMMENT: Cholera frequently occursduring wartime due to a breakdown insanitation.

chopper

chopper /�tʃɒpə/ noun a helicopter(informal )choppy

choppy /�tʃɒpi/ adjective (of water)roughchow

chow /tʃaυ/ noun US food (slang)chronometer

chronometer /krə|�nɒmtə/ noun aninstrument used for measuring timechuck

chuck /tʃ�k/ verb to throw (informal )� He chucked a grenade into the dugout.church

church /tʃ$�tʃ/ noun 1. a large build-ing (usually with a tower or spire) usedfor religious worship by Christians 2. anorganized religious group of Christians(e.g. the Catholic Church, the Greek Or-thodox Church)churchyard

churchyard /�tʃ$�tʃjɑ�d/ noun theenclosed ground around a church usedas a place to bury the dead. � cemetery,graveyardCIA

CIA /�si� �ai �e/ noun the American se-cret service. Full form Central Intelli-gence AgencyCIC

CIC /�si�a|�si�/ noun US the ops roomof an American warship � He’s in theCIC. Full form combat informationcentreCINC

CINC /�si�n|�si�, sŋk/ abbreviation USCommander in ChiefC-in-C

C-in-C abbreviation Commander inChiefcipher

cipher /�safə/ noun a system ofwords, letters, numbers or other sym-bols, which is used to write secret mes-sages. � code

circular error probable

circular error probable /�s$�kjυlə�erə �prɒbəb(ə)l/ noun full form ofCEPcirque

cirque /s$�k/ noun a natural depres-sion on the side of a mountain. � corriecitadel

citadel /�stəd(ə)l/ noun a fort guard-ing a towncitizens’ band

citizens’ band /�stz(ə)ns b�nd/noun a range of frequencies allocated tothe general public for the use of two-way radios. Abbr CBcity

city /�st/ noun a large urban areacivil

civil /�sv(ə)l/ adjective 1. relating tothe ordinary citizens of a country � thecivil population the ordinary citizensof a country 2. non-militarycivil defence

civil defence /�sv(ə)l d|�fens/ nounthe organization and training of non-military personnel for the protection oflife and property during wartimecivil emergency planning

civil emergency planning /�sv(ə)l|�m$�d%ənsi �pl�nŋ/ noun defenceplanning by a government, not involv-ing the Ministry of Defence (i.e. the fireservice, police force, health services,civil defence, etc.)civilian

civilian /sə|�vliən/ adjective non-mili-tary � The enemy aimed at civilian tar-gets. � Newspapers reported many ci-vilian casualties. � noun someone whois not a member of the armed forces �

Hundreds of civilians were killed in theair raid. � civvycivil unrest

civil unrest /�sv(ə)l �n|�rest/ nounthe breakdown of law and order, usuallyinvolving physical violencecivil war

civil war /�sv(ə)l �wɔ�/ noun a warfought between groups of citizens of thesame countrycivvies

civvies /�sviz/ plural noun civilianclothing � He was in civvies.civvy

civvy /�svi/ (slang) adjective civilian �noun a civilian � He shot a civvy.Civvy Street

Civvy Street /�svi stri�t/ noun civil-ian life � What did you do on CivvyStreet?CIWS

CIWS /�si� a �d�bl(ə)ju� �es/ noun aradar-controlled naval anti-aircraft can-non, which automatically detects,tracks and engages targets (e.g. Goal-


47 climb

keeper, Phalanx). Full form close-inweapons systemCJTF

CJTF abbreviation combined joint taskforceCK

CK /�si� �ke/ noun a type of bloodagent. Full form cyanogen chlorideclan

clan /kl�n/ noun a group of familieswho share a common heritage and, of-ten, a strong sense of group identityclap

clap /kl�p/ noun gonorrhoea (a vene-real disease) (slang)clash

clash /kl�ʃ/ noun a small engagement(usually indecisive) � Clashes reportedbetween border security guards.classification

classification /�kl�sf|�keʃ(ə)n/noun a way of organizing things intocategories � He is responsible for theclassification of documents.

COMMENT: The security classificationof information varies according to itsimportance, eg: restricted, confiden-tial, secret, top secret, etc.

classified

classified /�kl�sfad/ adjective se-cret � That information is classified.classify

classify /�kl�sfa/ verb 1. to desig-nate into classes or groups 2. to desig-nate as secret � The report has beenclassified as top secret.clay

clay /kle/ noun a wet, sticky type ofsoil, which can be used as a raw materi-al for the manufacture of ceramicsClaymore

Claymore /�klemɔ�/ noun an Ameri-can anti-personnel device designed tofire a quantity of ball-bearings in a spe-cific direction

COMMENT: A Claymore can be initiat-ed electronically or by means of atripwire.

clear

clear /klə/ adjective 1. free from ob-structions � The road ahead is clear. 2.free from hazards (such as chemicalcontamination, enemy troops, explosivedevices, etc.) � The area is clear ofmines. 3. unloaded � The weapon isclear. 4. not close to � Stand clear,please. 5. (of weather) not cloudy orfoggy � It’s a clear day. 6. easy to un-derstand � Is that clear? � noun an un-coded radio transmission � He sent themessage in clear. � verb 1. to remove anobstruction � The road has beencleared. 2. to remove a hazard � We

cleared the enemy position. 3. to unloada weapon � They cleared their rifles. 4.to approve or authorize (where securityis involved) � He has not been clearedto read this document.clearance

clearance /�klərəns/ noun 1. an actof clearing something � B Company ison route clearance. 2. security approval� You do not have clearance to enter. 3.authorization or permission � RangeControl has given us clearance to startfiring.cleared hot

cleared hot /�kləd �hɒt/ adjective de-scribes an aircraft which has permissionto drop a bomb on a practice range �

Foxhound 22, this is Range Control,you’re cleared hot, over.cleared live

cleared live /�kləd �lav/ adjectivedescribes an aircraft that has permissionto drop a bomb on a real enemy target �Foxhound 22, this is Merlin, you’recleared live, over.clearing

clearing /�klərŋ/ noun 1. a smallarea of ground in woodland where thetrees have been removed � We came toa clearing. 2. an action of removingsomething � The clearing of the villagetook several hours.clearing patrol

clearing patrol /�klərŋ pə |�trəυl/noun a patrol sent out from a a patrolbase or defensive position in order tocheck the surrounding area for enemyclerk

clerk US /klɑ�k/ noun a servicemanwho carries out secretarial duties in aheadquartersclick

click /klk/ noun 1. a short sharp noisemade by a switch or lock � There was aloud click as he released his safety-catch. 2. US a kilometre (informal ) �

The bridge is three clicks down thatroad.cliff

cliff /klf/ noun a steep wall of rockclimate

climate /�klamət/ noun the prevailingweather conditions of a regionclimb

climb /klam/ noun an upward move-ment � verb 1. to move upwards (espe-cially using the hands and feet) � Thecommandos had to climb a 50ft cliff. 2.to move upwards � The planes climbedto 30,000ft.


clink 48clink

clink /klŋk/ noun the noise made bysomething hitting metal � The sentryheard a clink.clip

clip /klp/ noun 1. a spring-fitted de-vice used to attach one object to anotherobject, or to hold objects together 2.several rounds of ammunition held to-gether by a clip for easy loading � Hefired a whole clip at the man. � verb toattach using a clip � He clipped on anew magazine. (NOTE: clipping –clipped)clock code

clock code /�klɒk kəυd/ noun a sys-tem used to indicate other aircraft in re-lation to your own aircraft; 12 o’clock isstraight ahead; 6 o’clock is directly be-hind you; 3 o’clock is to your right; 9o’clock is to your left � Enemy fightersat 3 o’clock!clog

clog /klɒ(/ verb 1. to obstruct a mech-anism or pipe with something � The fuelpipe was clogged with dirt. 2. to ob-struct a route � The road was cloggedwith refugees. (NOTE: clogging –clogged)close air support

close air support /�kləυs �eə sə|

�pɔ�t/ noun an attack by aircraft on atarget which is close to friendly groundforces. Abbr CAS

COMMENT: During the UN peacekeep-ing operation in Bosnia (1992–95),close air support meant limited at-tacks on individual positions or vehi-cles, which were actually firing at UNpeacekeepers, while air strikesmeant retaliatory attacks on multipletargets within a specified area. Thedifference between these two defini-tions was crucial during negotiationsbetween the UN and the warring fac-tions throughout this conflict.

close arrest

close arrest /�kləυs ə|�rest/ noun astate in which a person is detained in asecure location (such as a prison, policestation or guardroom)closed-circuit television

closed-circuit television /�kləυzd�s$�kt �tel|�v%(ə)n/ noun full form ofCCTVclose-in weapons system

close-in weapons system /�kləυsn �wepənz �sstəm/ noun full form ofCIWSclose quarter battle

close quarter battle /�kləυs �kwɔ�tə�b�t(ə)l/ noun combat in which sol-diers are close enough to the enemy to

use bayonets and similar weapons.Abbr CQBclosing down

closing down /�kləυzŋ �daυn/ nounthe ending of a radio transmissioncloud

cloud /klaυd/ noun a visible mass ofwater, ice, gas, dust or other particles inthe skycloud cover

cloud cover /�klaυd �k�və/ noun anarea of sky covered by cloudclump

clump /kl�mp/ noun a small group oftrees or bushes � I saw something mov-ing in that clump on the left.cluster bomb

cluster bomb /�kl�stə �bɒm/ noun anaircraft-dropped device containing aquantity of small bombs or bombletswhich are released in mid-air over a tar-get areaCMA

CMA abbreviation convoy marshallingareaCmd

Cmd abbreviation commandCmdr

Cmdr abbreviation commander (navy)Cmdre

Cmdre abbreviation commodoreCN

CN /�si� �en/ noun a type of tear agent.Full form chloroacetophenoneCO

CO /�si� �əυ/ noun an officer command-ing a battalion or equivalent-sizedgrouping � He was taken before the COon a charge of being absent withoutleave. Full form commanding officercoalition

coalition /�kəυə|�lʃ(ə)n/ noun a tem-porary alliance formed as a result of anagreement rather than a formal treatycoast

coast /kəυst/ noun an area of landwhere it meets the sea � The squadronsailed along the coast. � They planneda landing on the Normandy coast.coastal

coastal /�kəυst(ə)l/ adjective relatingto the coast � Their coastal defencesproved to be inadequate.coastguard

coastguard /�kəυst(ɑ�d/ noun 1. agovernment organization responsiblefor the safety of shipping in coastal wa-ters and the prevention of smuggling �

The US Coastguard is on the lookout fordrug smugglers. 2. a member of thecoastguard � Three coastguards board-ed the ship.coax

coax /�kəυ�ks/ noun same as coaxialmachine-gun


49 collapsiblecoaxial

coaxial /kəυ|��ksiəl/ adjective havingthe same axiscoaxial machine-gun

coaxial machine-gun /kəυ|��ksiəlmə|�ʃi�n �(�n/ noun a machine-gunwhich shares the same sighting systemsas the main gun of an armoured fightingvehicle (AFV). Abbr COAXcobbled

cobbled /�kɒb(ə)ld/ adjective pavedwith an uneven surface of roundedstonescobbler

cobbler /�kɒblə/ noun a person whorepairs boots and shoescobbles

cobbles /�kɒblz/, cobblestones plu-ral noun rounded stones used to paveroadsCobra

Cobra /�kəυbrə/ noun same as HueyCobracock

cock /kɒk/ verb to pull back the firingmechanism of a firearm so that it isready to fire. � lock and loadcocked

cocked /kɒkt/ adjective with the fir-ing mechanism pulled back and readyto firecockpit

cockpit /�kɒkpt/ noun the pilot’scompartment in an aircraft � The air-craft crashed because the cockpit cano-py had iced up.cock-up

cock-up /�kɒk �p/ noun a situationwhere everything is going wrong(slang) � This is turning into a rightcock-up!code

code /kəυd/ noun a system of words,letters, numbers or other symbols,which is used to write secret messagescoded

coded /�kəυdd/ adjective written incode � He received a coded message.codename

codename /�kəυdnem/ noun a namewhich, for security purposes, is used in-stead of a real name � Your codenamewill be Foxhound.code of conduct

code of conduct /�kəυd əv�kɒnd�kt/, code of honour /kəυd əv/noun the correct way to behave (hon-ourably)codeword

codeword /�kəυdw$�d/ noun a wordor set of words which are used to con-vey a meaning, such as arrival at a des-tination, capture of an objective, orderto withdraw, etc. � ciphercoerce

coerce /kəυ|�$�s/ verb to persuade anunwilling person to do something by

using force or threats � He was coercedinto helping the soldiers.coercion

coercion /kəυ|�$�ʃ(ə)n/ noun the useof force or threats to persuade an un-willing person to do somethingcoffin

coffin /�kɒfn/ noun a box in which adead body is buried or cremated (NOTE:The American English term is casket.)CoH

CoH abbreviation corporal of horsecohesion

cohesion /kəυ|�hi�%(ə)n/ noun a stateof being organized and working togeth-er � The enemy’s cohesion is starting tocollapse.COIN

COIN /kɔn/ abbreviation counterin-surgencycol

col /kɒl/ noun a high mountain passCol

Col abbreviation colonelcold steel

cold steel /�kəυld �sti�l/ noun the useof the bayonetCold War

Cold War /�kəυld �wɔ�/ noun the peri-od between 1945 and 1989, when astate of near-hostility existed betweenthe USA and its Western European al-lies (later NATO) on one side and theUSSR and its Eastern European allies(later the Warsaw Pact) on the othercollaborate

collaborate /kə|�l�bəret/ verb to as-sist the enemycollaborator

collaborator /kə|�l�bəretə/ nounsomeone who provides assistance to theenemycollapse

collapse /kə|�l�ps/ noun 1. fallingdown � The explosion caused the col-lapse of the building. 2. loss of cohesion� The collapse of the enemy was due toa failure in logistics. 3. a failure � Wewere forced to watch the collapse of thewhole plan. 4. a mental or physicalbreakdown � He suffered a collapse. �

verb 1. to fall down � The explosioncaused the building to collapse. 2. tolose cohesion � Enemy resistance col-lapsed as soon as the allies entered thetown. 3. to fail � The plan collapsed asa result of poor planning. 4. to suffer amental or physical breakdown � He col-lapsed from exhaustion.collapsible

collapsible /kə|�l�psəb(ə)l/ adjectivedesigned to fold up or be taken to piecesand then reassembled � We used a col-lapsible boat.


collate 50collate

collate /kə|�let/ verb to gather and an-alyse informationcollateral damage

collateral damage /kə |�l�t(ə)rəl�d�md%/ noun the unintentional kill-ing of civilians or destruction of civilianproperty as a result of military action �

The Pentagon admitted that the bomb-ing raids had caused some collateraldamage.collect

collect /kə|�lekt/ verb to fetch or pickup somethingcollection

collection /kə|�lekʃən/ noun an act offetching or picking something upcollection point

collection point /kə|�lekʃən pɔnt/noun a place where personnel, equip-ment or supplies can be delivered andpicked upcollide

collide /kə |�lad/ verb to hit another ob-ject while moving � The helicopterscollided in mid-air.collision

collision /kə|�l%(ə)n/ noun an act ofcolliding � a mid-air collisioncollocate

collocate /�kɒləket/ verb to put in thesame place � B Company was collocat-ed with Battalion HQ.colonel

colonel /�k$�n(ə)l/ noun 1. an officerin the army or marines (ranking above alieutenant-colonel and below a briga-dier, usually employed as a senior staffofficer). � lieutenant-colonel 2. US anofficer in the army, marines or air force(usually in command of a regiment orequivalent-sized grouping or employedas a senior staff officer). Abbr Col

COMMENT: In some regiments of theBritish Army, the lieutenant-colonelcommanding a battalion or its equiv-alent is addressed as ‘Colonel’ andreferred to as ‘the colonel’.

Colonel of the Regiment

Colonel of the Regiment /�k$�n(ə)ləv ðə �red%mənt/ noun an honoraryposition (usually held by a member ofthe Royal Family, a field marshal orgeneral)colonial

colonial /kə|�ləυniəl/ adjective relat-ing to coloniescolonist

colonist /�kɒlənst/ noun a settler in acolonycolony

colony /�kɒləni/ noun a territorywhich is governed and exploited by aforeign power

color

color /�k�lə/ noun US US spelling ofcolourcolour

colour /�k�lə/ noun a ceremonial flagof a unit or sub-unit

COMMENT: If you are watching a cere-monial parade in uniform, you shouldsalute when the colours march pastin front of you. If you are not in uni-form, you should stand to attention,removing your hat if you are a man. Ifthe parade includes guns from the ar-tillery, you should salute the guns asthey go past, since the guns are alsothe colours of the artillery.

colour sergeant

colour sergeant /�k�lə �sɑ�d%ənt/noun a senior non-commissioned offic-er (SNCO) in the infantry, usually em-ployed as a company quartermaster ser-geant (CQMS). Abbr C/Sgt (NOTE: Theequivalent of colour sergeant in mostother branches of the British Army isstaff sergeant (S/Sgt).)column

column /�kɒləm/ noun 1. a tacticalformation consisting of several files ofsoldiers moving forward together onebehind the other � Two columns of in-fantry advanced across the desert. 2.troops or vehicles moving in columnformation � The column of tanks wasstrafed by enemy aircraft.Comanche

Comanche /kə|�m�ntʃi/ noun anAmerican RH-66 light attack/recon-naissance helicoptercombat

combat /�kɒmb�t/ noun fighting withthe enemy � He has no experience ofcombat. � The unit was in combat threetimes. � unarmed combat � verb totake effective action against something� This oil will combat rust and corro-sion.combat air patrol

combat air patrol /�kɒmb�t �eə pə|

�trəυl/ noun a patrol by fighter aircraftover a designated area. Abbr CAPcombatant

combatant /�kɒmbətənt/ noun a per-son who is involved in fighting � Com-batants on both sides were affected bythe chemical attack. Compare non-combatantcombat-effective

combat-effective /�kɒmb�t |

�fektv/ adjective capable of fighting �

Only three of our tanks are still combat-effective.


51 commandcombat engineer tractor

combat engineer tractor/�kɒmb�t �end%|�nə �tr�ktə/ noun aBritish-designed armoured bulldozer.Abbr CETcombat fatigue

combat fatigue /�kɒmb�t fə|�ti�(/noun mental and physical stress result-ing from a long period in combatcombat information centre

combat information centre/�kɒmb�t �nfə|�meʃ(ə)n �sentə/ nounfull form of CICcombat-loading

combat-loading /�kɒmb�t �ləυdŋ/noun the process of loading ships withmen and equipment in such a way thatthey are literally ready to fight the mo-ment they disembarkcombat readiness

combat readiness /�kɒmb�t�redinəs/ noun the degree to which aunit or sub-unit is considered capable offighting effectively � The brigade isnow at an advanced state of combatreadiness.combat search and rescue

combat search and rescue/�kɒmb�t �s$�tʃ ən �reskju�/ noun fullform of CSARcombat service support

combat service support /�kɒmb�t�s$�vs sə|�pɔ�t/ noun full form of CSScombat supplies

combat supplies /�kɒmb�t sə|

�plaz/ plural noun ammunition, fueland watercombat support

combat support /�kɒmb�t sə|�pɔ�t/noun the work of providing supplies tosoldiers who are engaged in combatcombat vehicle reconnaissance

combat vehicle reconnaissance/�kɒmb�t �vi�k(ə)l r|�kɒns(ə)ns/noun a light, fast-moving armoured ve-hicle designed for reconnaissance.Abbr CVRcombat vehicle reconnaissance tracked

combat vehicle reconnaissancetracked /�kɒm|�b�t �vi�k(ə)l r|

�kɒnsəns �tr�kd/ noun a British seriesof light armoured reconnaissance vehi-cles (including the Scimitar and Scorpi-on light tanks). Abbr CVR (T)combat vehicle reconnaissance wheeled

combat vehicle reconnaissancewheeled /�kɒm |�b�t �vi�k(ə)l r|

�kɒnsəns �wi�ld/ noun full form ofCVR (W)combination armour

combination armour /kɒmb|�neʃn�ɑ�mə/ noun armour composed of lay-ers of steel and other substances (suchas ceramics, plastics, other types of

metal, etc.). Also called composite ar-mour, compound armour. � explosivereactive armour, rolled homogene-ous armourcombine

combine /kəm|�ban/ verb 1. to bringor put together � The two battalionshave been combined. 2. to come togeth-er � We must not allow the two enemyforces to combine.combined arms

combined arms /kəm|�band �ɑ�mz/plural noun two or more arms workingtogether � This will be a combined armsoperation.combined joint task force

combined joint task force /kəm |

�band �d%ɔnt �tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/ noun amultinational task force which can beused rapidly as a peacekeeping force.Abbr CJTFcombined logistic support

combined logistic support /kəm |

�band lə|�d%stk sə|�pɔ�t/ noun supportfrom various countries which is availa-ble for use by NATOcombined operations

combined operations /kəm|�band�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun 1. opera-tions involving more than one arm (e.g.aircraft, artillery, infantry, naval gunfiresupport, etc.) 2. US operations carriedout in conjunction with the armed forc-es of other states (NOTE: The Americansrefer to combined arms operations asjoint operations.) � also called com-bined opscombined pursuit

combined pursuit /kəm |�band pə|

�sju�t/ noun pursuit of a retreating ene-my by more than one part of a force, e.g.by armoured vehicles and infantryCombo pen

Combo pen /�kɒmbəυ pen/ noun anautomatic syrette of atropineCOMCEN

COMCEN /�kɒmsen/ abbreviationcommunication centreComd

Comd abbreviation commandercome-on

come-on /�k�m|�ɒn/ noun an actiondesigned to lure someone into an am-bush or trap � The burning car was acome-on for a large bomb.command

command /kə |�mɑ�nd/ noun 1. an of-ficial instruction to do something � Hegave the command to open fire. 2. themanagement and direction of troops,vehicles or equipment � He has takencommand of B Company. � in com-mand holding a command � he is cur-


commandant 52

rently in command of D Troop � to takecommand to become the officer who isin command of a particular unit or oper-ation 3. an organization which managesand directs military forces at strategiclevel 4. a strategical grouping of armedforces (e.g. Bomber Command) 5. a re-gion or district under the command of asenior officer (e.g. Southern Command)� verb 1. to order someone to do some-thing � I command you to arrest thatman. 2. to manage and direct troops, ve-hicles or equipment � He commands CCompany. 3. (of ground) to look downon � That hill commands the whole val-ley.commandant

commandant /�kɒmənd�nt/ noun 1.an officer commanding a military estab-lishment (such as a prison camp, train-ing depot, etc.) 2. an officer in the Irisharmy above the rank of captain and be-low a lieutenant-colonel (equivalent ofa major in the British or US army)commandeer

commandeer /�kɒmən|�də/ verb totake possession of something in order touse it for a military purpose � They com-mandeered our car.commander

commander /kə |�mɑ�ndə/ noun 1.someone who commands. Abbr Comd2. a rank of an officer in the British orUS Navy (sometimes in command of asmall warship). Abbr Cmdr

COMMENT: Under unified command,the service commander is responsi-ble for the day-to-day managementof the forces under his command,while the component commander de-cides how such forces will be used ina combined arms operation. Inevita-bly, differences of opinion will arise,in which case, it is the job of the com-mander in chief to mediate or makethe final decision.

Commander in Chief

Commander in Chief /kə|�mɑ�ndən �tʃi�f/ noun the most senior com-mander. Abbr C-in-Ccommander royal artillery

commander royal artillery /kə|

�mɑ�ndə �rɔəl ɑ�|�tləri/ noun full formof CRAcommanding

commanding /kə|�mɑ�ndŋ/ adjec-tive 1. holding a command 2. lookingdown on something � This position hasa commanding view over the valley.

commanding general

commanding general /kə|�mɑ�ndŋ�d%en(ə)rəl/ noun US the commanderof a large tactical grouping (e.g. divi-sion, corps, army). Abbr CGcommanding officer

commanding officer /kə|�mɑ�ndŋ�ɒfsə/ noun an officer commanding abattalion or equivalent-sized grouping �He was taken before the commandingofficer on a charge of being absent with-out leave. Abbr CO

COMMENT: In the British Army, the titlecommanding officer (CO) is onlyapplied to an officer who commandsa battalion or equivalent-sized group-ing. Likewise, the title officer com-manding (OC) is only applied to anofficer who commands a company orequivalent-sized grouping.

commando

commando /kə|�mɑ�ndəυ/ noun 1. abattalion-sized grouping of the RoyalMarines (such as 40 Commando, 45Commando) � 40 Commando will leadthe assault. Abbr Cdo 2. a member ofthe Royal Marines who has successfullycompleted basic training � He wants tobe a commando. 3. a special forces unitor a unit of irregular troops � An enemycommando is operating in the area. 4. amember of a special forces unit or a unitof irregular troops � The base was at-tacked by commandos.command post

command post /kə|�mɑ�nd pəυst/noun the place from which a unit orsub-unit is commanded. Abbr CPcommand post exercise

command post exercise /kə|

�mɑ�nd pəυst �eksəsaz/ noun an exer-cise designed to train commanders andstaff in the control of operations and theuse of communications within and be-tween headquarters, in which all forcesare simulated. Abbr CPXcommand sergeant major

command sergeant major /kə|

�mɑ�nd �sɑ�d%ənt �med%ə/ noun USthe most senior non-commissioned of-ficer in an army unit. Abbr CSMcommand vehicle

command vehicle /kə|�mɑ�nd�vi�k(ə)l/ noun a vehicle used as acommand postcommend

commend /kə|�mend/ verb to praisean achievement (usually officially) � Hewas commended for his bravery.commendation

commendation /�kɒmen |�deʃ(ə)n/noun an official recognition for an


53 communication trench

achievement � He received a commen-dation for leading the counter-attack.Commie

Commie /�kɒmi/ noun a communist(informal )commissar

commissar /kɒm|�sɑ�/ noun a com-munist official responsible for politicaleducation and organisationcommissariat

commissariat /kɒm |�seəriət/ nounan official department responsible forthe supply of food, clothing, etc.commissary

commissary /�kɒmsəri/ noun an of-ficer responsible for supply of food,clothing, etc.commission

commission /kə|�mʃ(ə)n/ noun anauthority by which an officer holds hisrank in the armed forces � He resignedhis commission. � Queen’s Commis-sion, King’s Commission a commis-sion held by an officer who has under-gone normal officer selection and train-ing � verb 1. to appoint someone as anofficer � He was commissioned in 1980.2. to prepare a ship for operational duty� The ship was in action only two weeksafter she was commissioned. Comparedecommissioncommissioned officer

commissioned officer /kə |�mʃnd�ɒfsə/ noun a serviceman with a super-visory rank, who derives his authorityfrom a commission (e.g. a lieutenant,captain, major, etc.) (NOTE: A commis-sioned officer is normally referred tosimply as an officer.)commissioning

commissioning /kə|�mʃənŋ/ nountaking a ship into operational service inthe navy � The ship was in action onlytwo weeks after commissioning. Com-pare decommissioningcommodore

commodore /�kɒmədɔ�/ noun a sen-ior officer in the British or US Navy(usually in command of a naval squad-ron). Abbr Cmdre

COMMENT: The rank of commodore istemporary only, and is given to a cap-tain when his or her job requires agreater degree of authority. Whenthat job is finished, he or she revertsto the rank of captain.

commonality

commonality /kɒmə|�n�ləti/ noun astate where various groups use commonresources or have common aims

Commonwealth

Commonwealth /�kɒmənwelθ/noun an association consisting of GreatBritain and independent sovereignstates which were once formerly ruledby Britain as colonies (such as Austral-ia, Canada, New Zealand) (NOTE: Thefull title is the British Commonwealthof Nations.)

COMMENT: The armed forces of manyCommonwealth members are stillmodelled on those of Great Britainand have retained many of their tradi-tions and customs.

comms

comms /kɒmz/ abbreviation commu-nicationscommunal

communal /�kɒmjυn(ə)l, kə|

�mju�n(ə)l/ adjective for use by every-one � We have communal showers inthis camp. (NOTE: Communal might re-fer to facilities that can be used by allranks, or alternatively by both sexes.)communicate

communicate /kə|�mju�nket/ verbto pass information to another personcommunication

communication /kə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of passing in-formation to another person 2. the abil-ity to communicate � We have lost com-munication with B Company. 3. a mes-sage � Did you receive mycommunication? 4. � to establish com-munications to carry out a radio checkin order to ensure that all call-signs onthe net are in radio contactcommunication centre

communication centre /kə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)n �sentə/ noun a place whichrelays and monitors communications.Abbr COMCENcommunications

communications /kə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun the means ofpassing information � Our communica-tions have broken down.communications equipment

communications equipment /kə|

�mju�n|�keʃ(ə)nz |�kwpmənt/ nounequipment for sending, receiving ormonitoring communicationscommunications officer

communications officer /kə|

�mju�n|�keʃ(ə)nz �ɒfsə/ noun an of-ficer in charge of communicationscommunication trench

communication trench /kə|�mju�n|

�keʃ(ə)n �trentʃ/ noun a trench usedfor movement from one fire trench toanother


communism 54communism

communism /�kɒmjυnz(ə)m/ noun1. a political theory developed by KarlMarx, which promotes the idea that allpeople should be considered equal andthat all property should be owned by thestate 2. a political system based on theideas of Karl Marx and others 3. anymovement which favours communism.Compare capitalismcommunist

communist /�kɒmjυnst/ adjective 1.relating to communism 2. favouringcommunism 3. relating to a countrywith a communist government � noun1. a person who favours communism 2.� a Communist a member of the Com-munist PartyCommunist Party

Communist Party /�kɒmjυnst�pɑ�ti/ noun an international organiza-tion (with official status in some coun-tries) which promotes communismcompany

company /�k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a tacti-cal and administrative army grouping ofthree or more platoons. Abbr Coy

COMMENT: In the British army, compa-ny-sized groupings of tanks and cer-tain supporting arms (for example en-gineers) are known as squadrons,while artillery companies in many ar-mies, including Great Britain and theUSA, are known as batteries. Amer-ican armoured cavalry companiesare known as troops, although nor-mal armoured units use the termcompany. Companies or equivalent-sized groupings are usually com-manded by majors (although compa-nies in the Royal Marines are com-manded by captains). In the US Ar-my, companies or equivalent-sizedgroupings are usually commandedby captains. A British armoured bri-gade might consist of two armouredor mechanized infantry battalionsand one armoured regiment or, alter-natively, two armoured regimentsand one infantry battalion, plus artil-lery and supporting arms. On opera-tions, these units are broken downand combined into battle groups. Asan example, an armoured infantrybattle group might consist of two in-fantry companies and one squadronof tanks, which are organized intotwo company and squadrongroups and a squadron and com-pany group under the command ofthe infantry battalion HQ. The exact

composition will vary according to thetactical requirement at the time. Inthe US Army, a battle group is knownas a task force, while company andsquadron groups and squadronand company groups are known ascompany teams.

company and squadron group

company and squadron group/�k�mp(ə)ni ən �skwɒdrən �(ru�p/noun a combined arms grouping, basedon an infantry company (equivalent to acompany team in the US Army)company quartermaster sergeant

company quartermaster ser-geant /�k�mp(ə)ni �kwɔ�təmɑ�stə�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun a senior non-commis-sioned officer (SNCO), usually holdingthe rank of colour sergeant (C/Sgt) orstaff sergeant (S/Sgt), responsible forthe logistic support of a company. AbbrCQMSCompany Sergeant Major

Company Sergeant Major/�k�mp(ə)ni �sɑ�d%(ə)nt �med%ə/noun a senior non-commissioned offic-er in the British Army who ranks abovea sergeant, but below a regimental ser-geant major. Abbr CSM. Abbr CSMcompany team

company team /�k�mp(ə)ni �ti�m/noun a US combined arms groupingbased on a tank or mechanized infantrycompany (equivalent to a company andsquadron group or a squadron and com-pany group in the British Army)compass

compass /�k�mpəs/ noun an instru-ment designed to calculate direction byindicating magnetic northcompass bearing

compass bearing /�k�mpəs�beərŋ/ noun a magnetic bearing ob-tained by using a compassCompass Call

Compass Call /�k�mpəs kɔ�l/ nounUS an air-force role, involving the useof EW aircraft to jam enemy communi-cationscompassionate leave

compassionate leave /kəm|

�p�ʃ(ə)nət �li�v/ noun leave grantedwhen a serviceman has problems athome (such as the death of a relative)compatibility

compatibility /kəm|�p�t|�blti/ nounbeing able to fit in or work with othertypes of equipmentcompatible

compatible /kəm|�p�tb(ə)l/ adjec-tive able to fit in or work with othertypes of equipment


55 concentration campcompatriot

compatriot /kəm |�p�triət/ nounsomeone of the same nationalitycompliance

compliance /kəm|�plaəns/ noun theact of complying with e.g. an order orthe terms of a treatycomply with

comply with /kəm|�pla �wð/ verb tocarry out an instruction, order or re-quest, or the terms of a treaty � Thetroops refused to comply with the orderto withdraw.compo

compo /�kɒmpəυ/ noun a tinned ordehydrated food supplied to the BritishArmy (informal; short for ‘composite ra-tions’)component

component /kəm|�pəυnənt/ noun 1.part of something (especially machin-ery or instruments) � We’ll need to re-place many of the components of thisradio. 2. part of a combined arms forcecomponent commander

component commander /kəm|

�pəυnənt kə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun the com-mander of one component of a com-bined arms force (e.g. the air compo-nent commander coordinates the use ofall aircraft in the force, regardless ofwhether they are provided by the airforce, navy or army)composite

composite /�kɒmpəzt/ adjectivemade up of several partscomposite armour

composite armour /�kɒmpəzt�ɑ�mə/ noun same as combination ar-mourcomposite rations

composite rations /�kɒmpəzt�r�ʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun � compocomposition

composition /�kɒmpə|�zʃ(ə)n/ nounthe particular parts or ingredients whichgo together to form something � Theychanged the composition of the assaultforce by replacing a squadron of tankswith two infantry companies.compound

compound /�kɒmpaυnd/ noun 1. asecure area enclosed by a fence 2. amixture of two or more substancescompound armour

compound armour /�kɒmpaυnd�ɑ�mə/ noun same as combination ar-mourcompromise

compromise /�kɒmprəmaz/ verb 1.to settle a dispute by agreeing to acceptsome of the other party’s demands � Wewill have to compromise on this issue.2. to reveal or to allow your intentions,

location or secrets to become known(usually unintentionally) � The ambushhas been compromised. � Our securitycodes have been compromised.computer

computer /kəm|�pju�tə/ noun an elec-tronic device used for storing andprocessing datacomputer virus

computer virus /kəm|�pju�tə�varəs/ noun a secret code which is fedinto an existing programme, in order tosabotage a computer system by destroy-ing or disrupting data stored on itcomrade

comrade /�kɒmred/ noun a fellowsoldier, worker, etc.

COMMENT: Comrade was a commonform of address among communists,and was often used to express theidea of social equality among peopleof different rank or status (for exam-ple addressing someone as ‘Com-rade General’).

conceal

conceal /kən|�si�l/ verb 1. to hidesomething � The bomb was concealedin a suitcase. 2. to keep something se-cret � We need to conceal our intentionsfrom the enemy.concealment

concealment /kən |�si�lmənt/ noun anact of concealing somethingconcentrate

concentrate /�kɒnsəntret/ verb 1. tobring together � He concentrated hisforces for the attack. 2. to come togeth-er � The division will concentratearound Bocksheim. 3. to focus your at-tention, energy or resources on some-thing � They concentrated on destroy-ing the enemy rail network.concentrated

concentrated /�kɒnsəntretd/ ad-jective intense or strong � a concentrat-ed barrageconcentration

concentration /�kɒnsən|�treʃ(ə)n/noun 1. an act of bringing something to-gether 2. an act of coming together 3. anact of focusing your attention, energy orresources on somethingconcentration area

concentration area /�kɒnsən|

�treʃ(ə)n �eəriə/ noun an area wherethe units of a large tactical grouping(such as a brigade or division) come to-gether to reorganize, before starting thenext phase of an operationconcentration camp

concentration camp /�kɒnsən|

�treʃ(ə)n k�mp/ noun a camp wherepeople are interned in harsh conditions


concentration of firepower 56

for political reasons or because they be-long to a certain ethnic or religiousgroupconcentration of firepower

concentration of firepower/�kɒnsəntreʃ(ə)n əv �faəpaυə/ nounthe utilization of all weapons availableaimed at the same targetconcept of operations

concept of operations /�kɒnseptəv �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ noun a general out-line of how an operation is intended toproceedconcertina wire

concertina wire /kɒnsə |�ti�nə �waə/noun barbed wire rolled into a series ofloops, which can be compressed forstorage and transportation, but easilyextended for use as an obstacleconchie

conchie /�kɒnʃi/ noun a conscientiousobjector (slang)concrete

concrete /�kɒŋkri�t/ noun a buildingmaterial composed of cement, gravel,sand and water � Concrete blockhouseswere built along the frontier.concurrent

concurrent /kən |�k�rənt/ noun hap-pening at the same time as somethingelseconcussed

concussed /kən|�k�st/ adjective suf-fering from concussionconcussion

concussion /kən|�k�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. atemporary incapacity caused by a blowto the head � He is suffering from con-cussion. 2. shock � He was killed by theconcussion from an exploding shell.condensation trail

condensation trail /�kɒnden|

�seʃ(ə)n trel/ noun full form of con-trailcondition

condition /kən|�dʃ(ə)n/ noun thestate of something such as a piece ofequipment, especially whether it isclean and working properlyconduct

conduct /kən|�d�kt/ verb 1. to lead orguide somebody 2. to carry out e.g. mil-itary operations or an investigation �

noun the way in which somebody be-haves � The Geneva Convention gov-erns the conduct of military personnelin wartime.cone

cone /kəυn/ noun a shape which isround at the base, tapering to a pointcone of fire

cone of fire /�kəυn əv �faə/ noun ashape like a triangle made when guns intwo positions fire at the same target

confidential

confidential /�kɒnf |�denʃəl/ adjec-tive secret

COMMENT: The security classificationof information varies according to itsimportance e.g.: restricted, confiden-tial, secret, top secret, etc.

confine

confine /kən|�fan/ verb 1. to keepwithin specific limits 2. to imprison �

They were confined in a barn.confined to barracks

confined to barracks /kən|�fand tə�b�rəks/ noun a punishment by which asoldier is not allowed to leave the bar-racks � He was awarded 10 days CB.Abbr CBconfirm

confirm /kən|�f$�m/ verb to say thatsomething is true or correct � Aerialphotographs confirmed the enemy’smovements.confirmation

confirmation /�kɒnfə|�meʃ(ə)n/noun a statement that something is trueor correct � We need confirmation of thechemical attack.confiscate

confiscate /�kɒnfsket/ verb to takesomething away from someone, withauthority � All privately owned radioswere confiscated.conflict

conflict /�kɒnflkt/ noun a state ofhostility or war � The whole region is ina state of conflict. � We are trying to set-tle the conflict by diplomatic means.confluence

confluence /�kɒnfluəns/ noun aplace where two rivers join � Koblenzlies at the confluence of the Rhine andthe Mosel.confront

confront /kən |�fr�nt/ verb 1. to take ahostile attitude towards someone orsomething � We were confronted by the7th Infantry Regiment. 2. to deal with aproblem or difficulty � We need to con-front the lack of discipline in this battal-ion.confrontation

confrontation /�kɒnfr�n |�teʃ(ə)n/noun aggressive or hostile behaviour �

This confrontation could lead to war.confusion

confusion /kən|�fju�%(ə)n/ noun 1. asituation where no one knows what ishappening � The whole headquarters isin a state of confusion. 2. loss of orderand cohesion � The enemy retreated inconfusion.conifer

conifer /�kɒnfə/ noun a tree whichdoes not lose its leaves in winter (such


57 container

as a fir, pine, spruce, etc.). � evergreen,firconiferous

coniferous /kə|�nf(ə)rəs/ adjectiverelating to trees which do not lose theirleaves in winter (such as firs, pines,spruce, etc.). Compare deciduousconning tower

conning tower /�kɒnŋ �taυwə/ nouna vertical construction on a submarine,which houses the periscope and is usedas an observation platformCONPLAN

CONPLAN /�kɒnpl�n/ abbreviationUS contingency planconquer

conquer /�kɒŋkə/ verb to gain controlover an enemy’s territory by defeatinghis armed forces � ’I came, I saw, I con-quered’ [Caesar] � The victorious armyconquered one state after another.conqueror

conqueror /�kɒŋkərə/ noun someonewho conquers � Julius Caesar was theconqueror of Gaul.conscientious objector

conscientious objector/�kɒnʃienʃəs əb|�d%ektə/ noun some-one who, for moral reasons, refuses toserve in the armed forces when requiredto do so. Also called conchie (NOTE:The term conchie is offensive.)conscious

conscious /�kɒnʃəs/ adjective awakeand able to know what is happeningaround youconscript

conscript /�kɒnskrpt/ noun a personwho joins the armed forces because heis forced to do so by law, rather than be-cause he wants to. Compare volunteer� verb /kən|�skrpt/ to select someonefor compulsory military service � Allmen over the age of 18 were conscript-ed. � draftconscription

conscription /kən |�skrpʃən/ nouncompulsory enlistment for militaryservice. � draftconserve

conserve /kən |�s$�v/ verb to avoid un-necessary waste � Conserve your am-munition!consolidate

consolidate /kən |�sɒldet/ verb tostrengthen or make more secure � Theenemy is consolidating his bridgehead.constable

constable /�k�nstəb(ə)l/ noun a po-liceman or policewomanconstrain

constrain /kən|�stren/ verb to restrictsomeone’s actions

constraint

constraint /kən|�strent/ noun some-thing which restricts someone’s actions� NATO forces in the area are operatingunder a number of constraints.construction troops

construction troops /kən|�str�kʃəntru�ps/ plural noun troops who aretrained and equipped to build large in-stallations, e.g. roads, railways or bridg-esconsul

consul /�kɒnsəl/ noun an official ap-pointed to live in a foreign city in orderto protect the interests of his own coun-trymenconsulate

consulate /�kɒnsjυlət/ noun a build-ing used by a consul and his staffconsumer logistics

consumer logistics, operationallogistics noun logistics concerned withthe receiving and storing of suppliescontact

contact /�kɒnt�kt/ noun 1. the abilityto communicate with another person orgrouping 2. a first sighting of the enemy(usually resulting in an exchange offire) � ‘Hello 2, this is 22, contact, waitout!’ � D Company have just had a con-tact. � in contact state in which you andthe enemy are within effective range ofeach others’ weapons (and usually,shooting at each other) � B Companyare in contact with the enemy � to makecontact to see the enemy

COMMENT: To avoid causing unnec-essary excitement at headquarters,you should only use the word ‘con-tact’ on the radio when talking aboutcontact with the enemy. When youare talking about your ability to com-municate with another person, usean alternative term: I can’t raise 22,get in touch with 33B.

contact report

contact report /�kɒnt�kt r|�pɔ�t/noun information relating to a sightingof the enemycontain

contain /kən|�ten/ verb 1. to hold �

This box contains live ammunition. 2. toprevent or restrict the movement of agroup of people or vehicles � We havemanaged to contain the enemy in thewestern end of the town.container

container /kən|�tenə/ noun 1. any-thing which is used to contain some-thing � The room was full of ammuni-tion containers. 2. a very large metalcase of a standard size for loading and


contaminate 58

transporting goods on trucks, trains andshipscontaminate

contaminate /kən|�t�mnet/ verb toinfect or pollute (e.g. through the use ofbiological or chemical weapons) � Thewhole area has been contaminated withanthrax. Compare decontaminatecontaminated

contaminated /kən|�t�mnetd/ ad-jective infected or polluted � The con-taminated clothing was burnt.contamination

contamination /kən|�t�m|�neʃ(ə)n/noun 1. an act of contaminating some-thing � The enemy was not responsiblefor the contamination of the water sup-ply. 2. something which contaminates(such as a biological weapon, chemicalagent, radioactive fallout, etc.) � Thereare still traces of contamination.continent

continent /�kɒntnənt/ noun 1. one ofthe major land areas in the world (Afri-ca, North America, South America,Asia, Australia, Antarctica, Europe) 2.� the Continent (in Britain) the rest ofEurope, as opposed to Britain itselfwhich is an island � on the Continentin Europe � to the Continent to Europe� when you drive on the Continent re-member to drive on the rightcontingency

contingency /kən|�tnd%ənsi/ nounan action or situation which is consid-ered possible or likely and which couldaffect another action or situation (NOTE:The plural form is contingencies.)contingency planning

contingency planning /kən|

�tnd%ənsi �pl�nŋ/ noun planning fora possible future operationcontingent

contingent /kən |�tnd%ənt/ noun asmall military force which forms part ofa larger grouping � The British contin-gent is made up of marines and recon-naissance units.

COMMENT: Contingent is normallyused to describe the different mem-bers of a multinational force, e.g.: theBritish contingent, the German con-tingent, etc.

contour

contour /�kɒntυə/ noun a line on amap connecting points of equal altitudecontract soldier

contract soldier /�kɒntr�kt�səυld%ə/ noun an ex-serviceman serv-ing in the armed forces of a foreign state

contrail

contrail /�kɒntrel/ noun a white trailof vapour given off by an aircraft inflight (normally at high altitudes) � Hel-lo 2, this is 22, contrails heading south-west, over. Full form condensationtrailcontravene

contravene /�kɒntrə|�vi�n/ verb to actcontrary to a law or code of conduct �

Your actions contravene the GenevaConvention.contravention

contravention /�kɒntrə|�venʃən/noun an act of contravening a law orcode of conductcontrol

control /kən |�trəυl/ noun 1. the powerto direct the actions of people or things� You must keep your men under strictcontrol � the men are out of control. �

He lost control of his vehicle. � in con-trol of having power over something �

the rebels are in control of the southernpart of the country 2. � the controls theinstruments by which a machine or de-vice is operated � I wasn’t familiar withthe controls of the aircraft � verb to di-rect the actions of people or things � Hewas unable to control his platoon.controller

controller /kən |�trəυlə/ noun some-one who controlscontrol station

control station /kən|�trəυl�steʃ(ə)n/ noun the station which is re-sponsible for the orderly operation of acommunications networkcontrol tower

control tower /kən|�trəυl �taυə/ nounan observation tower on an airfield orairport used to direct the landing andtake-off of aircraftconvalesce

convalesce /�kɒnvə |�les/ verb to re-cover your health after illness or injuryconvention

convention /kən|�venʃən/ noun a for-mal agreementconventional

conventional /kən|�venʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ ad-jective non-nuclear � We will be defeat-ed if we have to rely on purely conven-tional weapons.convoy

convoy /�kɒnvɔ/ noun a group ofships or vehicles travelling togethercookhouse

cookhouse /�kυkhaυs/ noun a placewhere food is cookedcook off

cook off /�kυk �ɒf/ verb (of ammuni-tion) to explode prematurely in the


59 Corps of Drums

breech of the weapon because it is toohotcoolant

coolant /�ku�lənt/ noun a fluid de-signed to stop an engine from overheat-ingcooperative logistics

cooperative logistics /kəυ|

�ɒpərətv lə|�d%stks/ noun logisticsinvolved in the manufacture, procure-ment, and storage of suppliescoordinate

coordinate /kəυ|�ɔ�dnət/ noun 1. oneof a series of two-digit numbers shownon a map grid in order to produce gridreferences 2. a grid reference � Whatare your coordinates? (NOTE: The coor-dinates running from left to right areknown as eastings, while the coordi-nates running from the bottom to thetop are known as northings.) � verb/kəυ|�ɔ�dnet/ to manage the actions oftwo or more people or groups so thatthey work towards a common goal �

The attack was not properly coordinat-ed.coordinating authority

coordinating authority /kəυ|

�ɔ�dnetŋ ɔ�|�θɒrti/ noun authoritygiven to a NATO commander to coordi-nate the work of various agencies andforces from different countriescop

cop /kɒp/ noun a policeman or police-woman (informal)copilot

copilot /�kəυpalət/ noun a second pi-lot of an aircraft crewCopperhead

Copperhead /�kɒpəhed/ noun anAmerican-designed laser-guided anti-tank artillery roundcopse

copse /kɒps/ noun a small woodcopy

copy /�kɒp/ noun 1. something pro-duced to be the same as something else� Local gunsmiths are producing goodcopies of the AK-47 assault weapon. 2.one specimen of a document or publica-tion, where several specimens havebeen produced � I need two copies ofthe report. � verb 1. to produce a copy �The Chinese are trying to copy the lat-est Russian tank. 2. US to receive a ra-dio transmission (radio terminology) �copy that I have received (and under-stood) your message � do you copy?are you receiving me? � affirmative,roger

cord

cord /kɔ�d/ noun a thick rope of twist-ed fibres, normally used for tying thingstogether

COMMENT: Cord is thicker than string,and thinner than rope.

cordite

cordite /�kɔ�dat/ noun smokeless ex-plosive used as propellant for bulletsand other projectilescordon

cordon /�kɔ�d(ə)n/ noun a line of menor series of outposts designed to con-trol, monitor or prevent movement intoor out of an area � The cordon went inat first light. � He broke through thecordon. � verb to place a cordon aroundan area � The village was cordoned off.cornet

cornet /�kɔ�nət/ noun a second lieu-tenant in certain cavalry regimentscorporal

corporal /�kɔ�prəl/ noun 1. a juniornon-commissioned officer (NCO) in thearmy, marines or air force. � lance-cor-poral 2. US a junior non-commissionedofficer (NCO) in the army or marines �

abbr CplCOMMENT: British infantry sectionsare usually commanded by corpo-rals. In the British Army, a corporal inthe Brigade of Guards is known as alance-sergeant, while a corporal inthe artillery is known as a bombar-dier.

corporal major

corporal major /�kɔ�p(ə)rəl�med%ə/ noun a rank used by theHousehold Cavalry as an equivalent tostaff sergeant and sergeant majorcorporal of horse

corporal of horse /�kɔ�p(ə)rəl əv�hɔ�s/ noun a rank used by the House-hold Cavalry as an equivalent to ser-geant. Abbr CoHcorps

corps /kɔ�/ noun 1. a tactical armygrouping of two or more divisions 2. anadministrative grouping used by certainspecialist troops (e.g. the Army AirCorps, the Royal Corps of Signals, theUS Marine Corps, etc.)corpse

corpse /kɔ�ps/ noun a dead bodycorpsman

corpsman /�kɔ�mən/ noun US a spe-cialist soldier trained to give first aid onthe battlefieldCorps of Drums

Corps of Drums /�kɔ� əv �dr�mz/noun a band of drummers and fife-play-ers belonging to a battalion or regiment(also known as the Drums or the Fifesand Drums)


corps support command 60corps support command

corps support command /�kɔ� sə |

�pɔ�t kə|�mɑ�nd/ noun US full form ofCOSCOMcorrect

correct /kə|�rekt/ adjective 1. true oraccurate � That is correct. 2. (of artilleryor mortar fire) on target � verb 1. toamend or put right � He corrected thetimetable. 2. to make calculations andissue instructions in order to bring artil-lery or mortar fire onto a target � Hecorrected onto the second enemy posi-tion.correction

correction /kə|�rekʃən/ noun 1. an actof correcting something 2. a calculationmade by a forward observer and sent toan artillery or mortar unit in order tobring fire onto a target 3. the process ofdirecting artillery or mortar fire onto atarget

COMMENT: A competent FOO or MFCshould be able to hit the target withhis third correction.

correspondent

correspondent /�kɒr|�spɒndənt/noun � war correspondentcorridor

corridor /�kɒrdɔ�/ noun 1. a passagebetween rooms � He is waiting in thecorridor. 2. a strip of territory or air-space along which one can move � Ourmission is to clear a corridor throughthe enemy’s forward defences.corrie

corrie /�kɒri/ noun in Scotland, a natu-ral depression on the side of a moun-tain. � cirquecorrugated iron

corrugated iron /�kɒrə(etd �aən/noun wrinkled metal sheets used in theconstruction of field fortifications andsheltersCorsair

Corsair /�kɔ�seə/ noun same as A-7corvette

corvette /kɔ�|�vet/ noun a smallocean-going warshipCOS

COS abbreviation chief of staffCOSCOM

COSCOM /�kɒskɒm/ noun US an or-ganization responsible for the resupplyof a corps. Full form corps supportcommandcot

cot /kɒt/ noun US a camp-bedcottage

cottage /�kɒtd%/ noun a small ruralhousecounter

counter /�kaυntə/ adjective contraryto � Your attack was counter to my or-ders. � verb to take action in order to

prevent or impede another action takingplace � We countered the tank threat bymining all the likely approaches.counter-air

counter-air /�kaυntər �eə/ adjectiverelating to operations directed againstthe enemy air forcecounterattack

counterattack /�kaυntərə|�t�k/ nouna retaliatory attack on an enemy forcewhich is in the process of attacking orhas just completed an attack � The ene-my counterattack was successfully beat-en off. � verb to mount a counterattack� B Company counterattacked while theenemy were reorganizing.counter-battery fire

counter-battery fire /�kaυntə�b�t(ə)ri �faə/ noun an artillery attackon an enemy artillery fire-position � Welost three guns through counter-batteryfire.counter-concentrate

counter-concentrate /�kaυntə�kɒnsəntret/ verb to bring forces to-gether to repel an enemy attackcounterespionage

counterespionage /�kaυntər|

�espiənɑ�%/ noun action taken to im-pede the activities of enemy spiescounterfire

counterfire /�kaυntə|�faə/ noun anattack on the enemy’s artillery assetscounterinsurgency

counterinsurgency /�kaυnt(ə)rn|

�s$�d%(ə)nsi/ noun action taken to de-stroy an insurgency. Abbr COIN. � in-surrection, rebellion, revolt, revolu-tioncounterinsurgency operation

counterinsurgency operation/�kaυnt(ə)rn |�s$�d%(ə)nsi�ɒpəreʃ(ə)n/ noun a military operationmounted to destroy armed resistance tothe established government or foreigndominationcounterintelligence

counterintelligence /�kaυntərn|

�teld%əns/ noun methods used by gov-ernments or armies to stop enemyagents gaining information about theirplans and activitiescountermand

countermand /kaυntə|�mɑ�nd/ verbto cancel an order or instruction (usual-ly made by someone else) � The generalcountermanded the brigade command-er’s order to withdraw.countermeasure

countermeasure /�kaυntəme%ə/noun an action or procedure designed toneutralize a danger or threat


61 covering firecountersign

countersign /�kaυntəsan/ nounwords, letters or numbers used as a ver-bal recognition signal, usually in theform of a challenge and a reply � A sen-try should use the countersign when hedoes not recognize a person. � pass-wordcountry

country /�k�ntri/ noun 1. land form-ing the territory of a nation or state 2. �the country rural district or region(consisting of agricultural land, villagesand small towns as opposed to largetowns and cities) � Guerrillas are stilloperating in the country. 3. terrain � Wewill have to cross some difficult country.countryside

countryside /�k�ntrisad/ noun 1. arural district or region 2. terrain consist-ing of agricultural land, woodland andvillagescounty

county /�kaυnti/ noun a rural regionor district with its own local administra-tioncoup

coup /ku�/ noun a significant (and usu-ally successful) actioncoup de grâce

coup de grâce /�ku� də �(r�s/ nounthe act of killing a wounded person oranimal in order to prevent further suf-feringcoup de main

coup de main /�ku� də �m�n/ noun asurprise attackcoup d’état

coup d’état /�ku� de|�t�/ noun a sud-den seizure of power by use of force �

The army has staged a coup d’état.coup d’oeil

coup d’oeil /�ku� �d$�i/ noun the as-sessment of terrain or a situation simplythrough observationcourage

courage /�k�rd%/ noun the ability tocontrol fear (also known as physicalcourage)courageous

courageous /kə |�red%əs/ adjectiveable to control your fear. � bravecourier

courier /�kυriə/ noun a person whotakes something (e.g. a message, weap-on, etc.) from one place to another �

The gunman escaped, but we capturedthe courier and the weapon.course

course /kɔ�s/ noun 1. a series of les-sons, lectures and practical exercises ina specific subject � I am going on a sur-vival course. 2. a series of obstacles orpractical tasks forming part of a test or

competition 3. a direction taken by aship or aircraft � The ship was headingon a course of 220°. � off course goingin the wrong directioncourt-martial

court-martial /�kɔ�t �mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/ nounthe trial of someone serving in thearmed forces by the armed forces au-thorities under military law � The court-martial was held in the army headquar-ters. � He was found guilty by the court-martial and sentenced to imprisonment.� verb to try someone who is serving inthe armed forces � He was court-mar-tialled for cowardice. (NOTE: court-martialling – court-martialled; UScourt-martialing – court-martialed)cove

cove /kəυv/ noun a small shelteredbay or inletcover

cover /�k�və/ noun 1. something thatconceals or protects another object �cover from fire anything which pro-vides protection from bullets, shrapnelor other projectiles � to take cover tohide or to seek protection from enemyfire 2. support for another person or unit3. a false identity or explanation � Hisbusiness trip was just a cover for meet-ing the rebel leaders. � verb 1. to putsomething over another object in orderto conceal or protect it � He covered thebody with a blanket. 2. to provide firesupport for another person or unit �

Cover me while I move forward! 3. topoint a weapon at a person or group �

He covered the prisoners while theywere being searched. 4. to be able to ob-serve or shoot into a specific area � 6Platoon is covering the main road. �covered by fire having a clear field offire over an area of ground or, if this isnot possible, having the area registeredas an artillery or mortar target � all ob-stacles must be covered by fire 5. � tocover for someone to carry out the du-ties of another person � I am coveringfor Sgt Hobbs tonightcoveralls

coveralls /�k�vərɔ�lz/ plural noun agarment combining jacket and trousers,which is worn over other clothes in or-der to protect them from dirt, mud, oil,etc.covering fire

covering fire /�k�v(ə)rŋ �faə/ nounfire designed to neutralize the enemy so


covert 62

that another person or unit can move �

My platoon provided covering fire whilethe rest of the company withdrew. � Pre-pare to give covering fire.covert

covert /�kəυvət, �k�vət/ adjectiveconcealed or secret � This is a covertoperation.cover-up

cover-up /�k�vər �p/ noun an attemptto conceal true facts by lying or con-cealing information � The media aresaying that there has been a cover-up.coward

coward /�kaυəd/ noun someone whocannot control his or her fearcowardice

cowardice /�kaυəds/ noun 1. the ina-bility to control your fear 2. the militaryoffence of running away from the ene-my � He was shot for cowardice. Com-pare braverycowardly

cowardly /�kaυədli/ adjective 1. (of aperson) unable to control fear. Comparebrave 2. (of an action) done againstsomeone who cannot retaliatecoxswain

coxswain /�kɒkswen, �kɒks(ə)n/noun 1. a person who steers a boat orship 2. a senior petty officer on a smallshipCoy

Coy abbreviation companyCP

CP abbreviation command postCpl

Cpl abbreviation corporalCPO

CPO abbreviation chief petty officerCPX

CPX /�si�pi�|�eks/ noun a radio exerciseinvolving only the command elementsof a grouping. Full form commandpost exerciseCQB

CQB /�si�kju�|�bi�/ noun the skill offighting at very close range (e.g.FIBUA, jungle fighting, etc.) � We’veset up a CQB range in the wood. Fullform close quarter battleCQMS

CQMS abbreviation company quarter-master sergeantCRA

CRA /�si�ɑ�|�re/ noun a brigadier incommand of a division’s artillery as-sets. Full form commander royal artil-lery

COMMENT: Although regiments andbatteries are nominally allocated insupport of specific brigades and bat-tle groups respectively, artillery isconsidered to be a divisional assetand batteries may be tasked to sup-

port other groupings as the tacticalsituation dictates.

crab

crab /kr�b/ noun a member of theRoyal Air Force (army slang)crack

crack /kr�k/ adjective elite, of veryhigh quality � He served in a crack cav-alry regiment.craft

craft /krɑ�ft/ noun a boat or shipcraftsman

craftsman /�krɑ�ftsmən/ noun a pri-vate in the Royal Electrical and Me-chanical Engineers (REME). Abbr Cfncrag

crag /kr�(/ noun a rocky summit of ahill � We lost a lot of men taking thatcrag.crampons

crampons /�kr�mpɒnz/ plural noun aset of spikes which are fitted to the soleof a boot for climbing on snow or ice �

We’ll need crampons for this operation.crane

crane /kren/ noun a tall machine witha long arm, designed for lifting heavyobjectscrap-hat

crap-hat /�kr�p h�t/ noun a deroga-tory term used by members of the Para-chute Regiment to describe any soldierwho is not a trained paratroopercrash

crash /kr�ʃ/ noun a violent collision �He was killed in a car crash. � verb tocollide violently with something else �

The truck crashed into a tank.crash landing

crash landing /�kr�ʃ �l�ndŋ/ nouna landing made by an aircraft in anemergency, without using its wheelscrash out

crash out /�kr�ʃ �aυt/ verb (informal)1. to deploy at short notice from a baseor position in response to an incident orthreat � The QRF crashed out as soonas they heard the explosion. 2. to go tosleep (but not in a bed) � We’ll justcrash out here.crate

crate /kret/ noun a large containermade of wood or metalcrater

crater /�kretə/ noun a hole in theground made by an explosion � verb tomake craters (as an obstacle) � The en-gineers cratered the road.crawl

crawl /krɔ�l/ verb to move on yourhands and knees � He crawled up to thebunker.creek

creek /kri�k/ noun 1. a small stream 2.a narrow inlet


63 cruise missilecreep

creep /kri�p/ verb to move slowly andcautiously � He crept up to the bunker.(NOTE: creeping – crept)creeping barrage

creeping barrage /�kri�pŋ �b�rɑ�%/noun artillery bombardment which isconstantly adjusted, so that the shellscontinue to land in front of friendlytroops as they advance � We will ad-vance behind a creeping barrage.creeping bombardment

creeping bombardment /�kri�pŋbɒm|�bɑ�dmənt/ noun same as creep-ing barragecrest

crest /krest/ noun the top of a hill orridgecrevasse

crevasse /krə|�v�s/ noun a largecrack in the surface of a glacier or massof snow � He fell down a crevasse.crew

crew /kru�/ noun 1. a team of peoplewho man a ship, aircraft or vehicle �

The crew of the helicopter which wasbrought down have all been rescued. 2.a team of people who operate a weaponor equipmentcrewman

crewman /�kru�mən/, crewmembernoun a member of a crewcrime

crime /kram/ noun 1. an illegal actwhich is punishable by law 2. illegal ac-tivity in generalcriminal

criminal /�krmn(ə)l/ adjective relat-ing to crime � noun someone who com-mits a crimecrippled

crippled /�krpld/ adjective 1. (of peo-ple) physically disabled 2. (of vehicles)badly damaged and unable to functionproperlycrisis

crisis /�krass/ noun a very difficultor dangerous situationcrisis management

crisis management /�krass�m�nd%mənt/ noun the act of takingrapid decisions to deal with a crisis(NOTE: The plural form is crises/�krasi�z/.)critical point

critical point /�krtk(ə)l �pɔnt/noun 1. a location or position whichcould influence the outcome of an oper-ation 2. the point midway between twoairbases from which a plane will takethe same time to reach either base. Alsocalled waypoint

cross

cross /krɒs/ verb to move from oneside of a feature to the other � The ene-my are crossing the river.cross-attachment

cross-attachment /�krɒsə�t�tʃmənt/ noun an attachment to adifferent arm or service (e.g. a platoonof armoured infantry attached to a tanksquadron)crossfire

crossfire /�krɒsfaə/ noun fire direct-ed at a target from two or more differentlocations � We were caught in a cross-fire.cross-grain

cross-grain /�krɒs (ren/ adverbacross the grain of the country � We’llhave to move cross-grain.crossing

crossing /�krɒsŋ/ noun 1. a placewhere a railway line, river, road or otherfeature can be crossed 2. a bridge orford � The enemy have captured severalcrossings. 3. an act of crossing a featureor obstacle � The enemy is preparing ariver crossing.crossing point

crossing point /�krɒsŋ pɔnt/ nouna place where e.g. a river can be crossedcrossroads

crossroads /�krɒsrəυdz/ noun aplace where two or more roads crossover each othercross-servicing

cross-servicing /�krɒs|�s$�vsŋ/noun work done by one service for an-othercrosswind

crosswind /�krɒswnd/ noun a windwhich blows across your direction oftravelCrotale

Crotale /krəυ|�tɑ�l/ noun a French-de-signed short-range surface-to-air mis-sile (SAM)crowd

crowd /kraυd/ noun a large group ofpeoplecrown

crown /kraυn/ noun 1. a ceremonialhead-dress worn by a king or queen 2.an insignia used in some badges of rankof the British Army (e.g. a single crowndenotes major, while a crown and a stardenotes lieutenant-colonel)cruise

cruise /kru�z/ verb to make a longjourney by seacruise missile

cruise missile /�kru�z �msal/ nounan American-designed low-flying mis-sile which is capable of navigating itselfto a target. � Tomahawk


cruiser 64cruiser

cruiser /�kru�zə/ noun a large ocean-going warship, armed with missiles orguns, which is capable of spending longperiods at sea without supportCS

CS /�si� �es/ noun a type of tear agent.Full form orthochlorobenzylidenemalononitrile. Also called CS gasC/S

C/S abbreviation call signCSAR

CSAR /�si�ese|�ɑ�/ noun an operationmounted to locate and rescue aircrewwho have been shot down over enemyterritory. Full form combat searchand rescueCS gas

CS gas /�si� es �(�s/, tear gas /�tə(�s/ noun a type of gas which irritatesthe eyes and causes choking

COMMENT: CS gas is normally usedby riot police for crowd control.

C/Sgt

C/Sgt abbreviation colour sergeantCSM

CSM abbreviation 1. Company Ser-geant Major 2. US command sergeantmajorCSS

CSS /�si�es|�es/ noun a resupply of am-munition, food, fuel and other necessi-ties on the battlefield � We need to prac-tise CSS on the move. Full form combatservice supportcul-de-sac

cul-de-sac /�k�l də �s�k/ noun astreet or road which suddenly ends, sothat the only way out is to go back theway you came. Also called dead endculminating point

culminating point /�k�lm |�netŋpɔnt/ noun a point at which an attack-ing force is unable to continue its attackor even defend itself (because of casual-ties, shortages of fuel, ammunition, andrations, and sheer physical exhaustion)� The enemy attack had reached its cul-minating point.culvert

culvert /�k�lvət/ noun a small tunnelused to carry drainage water under aroad � The bomb was placed in a cul-vert.cupola

cupola /�kju�pələ/ noun a revolvingturret housing a gun or machine-guns,which is fitted to a warship, aircraft orfighting vehiclecurfew

curfew /�k$�fju�/ noun a regulation re-quiring people to be off the streets dur-ing a specified period, usually at night �

The military commander ordered adusk-to-dawn curfew. � Soldiers pa-trolled the streets during the curfew.custody

custody /�k�stədi/ noun imprison-ment or being held under close arrest �

He was taken into custody.cutlass

cutlass /�k�tləs/ noun a short swordwith a curved blade, formerly used inthe navy and now only used on ceremo-nial occasionscut off

cut off /�k�t �ɒf/ verb 1. to preventsomeone from retreating or from rejoin-ing his comrades 2. to surround a unit sothat it can neither retreat, nor be rein-forced or supported � The platoon wascut off when the rest of the companywithdrew. 3. to stop the supply of food,power, water, etc. � The electricity hasbeen cut off. 4. to prevent movement toor from a location � The village hasbeen cut off by snow. � isolatecut-off group

cut-off group /�k�t ɒf �(ru�p/ noun asmall group of soldiers positioned onthe likely approaches to or exits fromthe killing area of an ambush, in orderto prevent any of the survivors from es-capingcutter

cutter /�k�tə/ noun 1. a tool used forcutting 2. a small armed naval boatcutting

cutting /�k�tŋ/ noun a man-madechannel allowing a road or railway topass through an area of high ground.Compare embankmentCV

CV abbreviation carrier vessel (NOTE:CV is often used as an abbreviation foraircraft carrier.)CVBG

CVBG abbreviation carrier battlegroupCVN

CVN abbreviation aircraft carrier (nu-clear powered)CVR

CVR /�si� �vi� �ɑ�/ noun a light, fast-moving armoured vehicle designed forreconnaissance. Full form combat ve-hicle reconnaissanceCVR

CVR (T) /�si� �vi� �ɑ� �ti�/ noun an ar-moured reconnaissance vehicle fittedwith tracks (especially the British-de-signed Scimitar and Scorpion lighttanks). Full form combat vehicle re-connaissance tracked


65 CXCVR

CVR (W) /�si� vi� ɑ� |�d�bəlju�/ nounan armoured reconnaissance vehicle fit-ted with wheels (as opposed to tracks).Full form combat vehicle reconnais-sance wheeled

CVW

CVW abbreviation carrier air wingCX

CX /�si� �eks/ noun a type of blisteragent. Full form dichloroformixime.Also called phosgene oxime


DELTA - DdD-30

D-30 /�di� �θ$�ti/ noun a Soviet-de-signed 121.92mm light artillery pieceDA

DA /�di� �e/ noun a type of vomitingagent. Full form diphenylchloroarsinedagger

dagger /�d�(ə/ noun a long knife witha thin blade, designed for stabbingdaisycutter

daisycutter /�dezi|�k�tə/ noun �

BLU-82dam

dam /d�m/ noun a barrier designed torestrict the flow of water, in order tomake a reservoir or to prevent flooding� The valley was flooded when the damwas destroyed. � verb to construct adam � The river has been dammed.(NOTE: damming – dammed)damage

damage /�d�md%/ noun harm doneto something � The bomb caused exten-sive damage to civilian property. � verbto cause harm to something � The rebelradio station has been damaged.danger

danger /�dend%ə/ noun 1. a situationwhere people may be killed or injured �danger close US deliberately callingfriendly artillery fire down on top ofyour own positions � The platoon com-mander brought the rounds in dangerclose. 2. something which may causeharm or injury � Landmines are a con-stant danger in this area. 3. the possi-bility of failure or unfortunate conse-quences � There is a danger that the en-emy will outflank us.danger area

danger area /�dend%ə �eəriə/ nounan area within which casualties may oc-cur � The danger area of this grenade is90 metres. � There is a danger area be-hind the shooting range.dangerous

dangerous /�dend%ərəs/ adjective 1.likely to cause harm or injury � This ve-hicle is in a dangerous condition. 2.likely to have unfortunate consequences

� The international situation is now ex-tremely dangerous.dannart wire

dannart wire /�d�nət �waə/ nounbarbed wiredare

dare /deə/ verb to do something in theknowledge that it is dangerous or risky� The sergeant dared his men to followhim up the hill. (NOTE: Dare is followedby the infinitive, and can be used with orwithout to.)

‘Who dares wins’[motto of the Special Air Service]

daring

daring /�deərŋ/ adjective involvingrisks � It was a daring plan. � They car-ried out a daring escape from the POWcamp.dash

dash /d�ʃ/ noun 1. movement at highspeed � The enemy made a dash for thecoast. 2. a longer signal in Morse code(the shorter signal is the dot) � verb tomove at high speed � He dashed to thelatrine.dashboard

dashboard /�d�ʃbɔ�d/ noun an in-strument panel of a vehicle or aircraftdata

data /�detə/ noun informationdatabase

database /�detəbes/ noun informa-tion stored on a computer � Hackerstried to get into the Pentagon database.date

date /det/ noun the number of a par-ticular day, month and yeardate of birth

date of birth /�det əv �b$�θ/ noun thenumber of the day, month and yearwhen a person was born. Abbr DOBdate-time group

date-time group /�det �tam �(ru�p/noun timing, consisting of day of themonth, time, time zone and, if neces-sary, month and even year (e.g. 1645hrs(GMT) on 23 September 2001). AbbrDTG

COMMENT: If the month and year arenot included, then you can assume


67 debriefingthat the date-time group applies tothe current month and year.

davit

davit /�d�vt/ noun a small crane on aship for suspending and lowering a life-boatdawn

dawn /dɔ�n/ noun the time of daywhen it is starting to get light. � day-break, first light. Compare duskdaybreak

daybreak /�debrek/ noun the time ofday when it is starting to get light. �

dawn, first lightdaysack

daysack /�des�k/ noun a small ruck-sack for carrying supplies or clothingduring an operationDC

DC /�di� �si�/ noun a type of vomitingagent. Full form diphenylcyanoarsineDCOS

DCOS /�di�kɒs/ abbreviation deputychief of staffDD

DD abbreviation destroyer (with guns)D-Day

D-Day /�di�|�de/ noun the day onwhich an operation starts � D-minus-two two days before D-Day � D-plus-three three days after D-Day

COMMENT: Other letters are also usedto mark the start of an operation. Inthe Gulf War of 1991, the start of theground operation was designated asG-day.

DDG

DDG abbreviation destroyer (with guid-ed missiles)dead

dead /ded/ adjective 1. no longer alive� After the attack, 50% of the battalionwere left dead or wounded. 2. (of radios,etc.) not working � plural noun � thedead people who have died or havebeen killed � After the battle, troopswere sent to collect and bury the dead.dead end

dead end /�ded �end/ noun a street orroad which suddenly ends, so that theonly way out is to go back the way youcamedeadfall

deadfall /�dedfɔ�l/ noun a dead branchwhich falls away from a tree as a resultof wind or simply because of its ownweight

COMMENT: Deadfall is a serious andconstant hazard in jungle regions.

dead ground

dead ground /�ded �(raυnd/ noun anarea of ground which provides coverfrom view (e.g. the reverse slope of ahill) � The company formed up in deadground to the enemy position.

dead letter-box

dead letter-box /�ded �letə �bɒks/noun a secret location used to depositand collect messages, equipment, etc.deadly force

deadly force /�dedli �fɔ�s/ noun anaction such as the firing of a weapon atsomeone, which can cause death or se-rious physical harmdead on arrival

dead on arrival /�ded ɒn ə |�rav(ə)l/adjective found to be already dead onreaching a hospital or casualty clearingstation. Abbr DOAdead reckoning

dead reckoning /�ded �rekənŋ/noun a method of calculating your posi-tion entirely from the compass bearingon which you have been travelling andthe distance which you have covered

COMMENT: Dead reckoning is used atsea or in terrain where there are noobvious features (e.g. desert or jun-gle). However, as a result of satellitenavigation and other modern technol-ogy, it is rapidly becoming a forgottenskill.

death

death /deθ/ noun an act of dying or be-ing killeddeath’s head

death’s head /�deθs hed/ noun a tra-ditional insignia consisting of a humanskull over two crossed bonesdeath squad

death squad /�deθ skwɒd/ noun agroup who assassinate or execute peo-pledebacle

debacle /de|�bɑ�k(ə)l/, débâcle nouna complete failure (e.g. a decisive de-feat)debark

debark /di�|�bɑ�k/ verb to land from aship. Also called disembark. Compareembarkdebarkation

debarkation /�di�bɑ�|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of landing from a ship. Alsocalled disembarkation. Compare em-barkationdebouch

debouch /d|�baυtʃ/ verb to come outof a re-entrant, valley or wood � We en-gaged the enemy as they were debouch-ing from the valley.debrief

debrief /di� |�bri�f/ verb to questionpeople who have taken part in a missionor operation. Compare briefdebriefing

debriefing /di�|�bri�fŋ/ noun 1. an actof debriefing someone 2. a meetingwhere debriefing is carried out. Com-pare briefing


debris 68debris

debris US /�debri�/ noun pieces ofsomething which has been destroyed orbadly damaged � We found debris fromthe crashed plane.debus

debus /di�|�b�s/ verb to get out of a busor other vehicle � The platoon debussedon the objective.decamp

decamp /d|�k�mp/ verb to leave sud-denly � The enemy had already de-camped.deception

deception /d|�sepʃən/ noun an activ-ity intended to give the enemy a falseidea of your location or intentionsdeciduous

deciduous /d|�sdjuəs/ adjective re-lating to trees which lose their leaves inwinter (such as ash, beech, oak, etc.).Compare coniferousdecimate

decimate /�desmet/ verb to kill alarge number of people � The divisionhas been decimated.

COMMENT: The word decimate is de-rived from the ancient Roman militarypunishment of killing every tenth manin a legion

decipher

decipher /d|�safə/ verb to convertfrom code into normal language. Com-pare encipher. � decode, decryptdecisive

decisive /d|�sasv/ adjective 1. (of anevent) settling an issue (such as a cam-paign or war) � It was a decisive victory.2. (of a person) capable of making a de-cision quickly � He’s not very decisive.decisively

decisively /d|�sasvli/ adverb in adecisive way � We need to act decisivelybefore the enemy recovers.deck

deck /dek/ noun a floor or level in aship � to hit the deck to throw yourselfflat on the ground or floor, usually toprotect yourself. � flight deckdeclaration

declaration /�deklə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun aformal announcementdeclaration of war

declaration of war /�dekləreʃ(ə)nəv �wɔ�/ noun a formal announcementby one country to another, saying thatthey are now at war with each otherdeclare

declare /d|�kleə/ verb to make a for-mal announcement � to declare war onsomeone to inform the government ofanother country that a state of war exists� Britain had declared war on Germa-ny.

decode

decode /di�|�kəυd/ verb to convertfrom code into normal language. Com-pare encode. � decipher, decryptdecommission

decommission /�di�kə|�mʃ(ə)n/verb to take a ship out of operationalservice with the navy. Compare com-missiondecommissioning

decommissioning /�di�kə|

�mʃ(ə)nŋ/ noun taking a ship out ofoperational service with the navy. Com-pare commissioningdecontaminate

decontaminate /�di�kən|�t�mnet/verb to remove or neutralize contamina-tion (such as a chemical agent, radioac-tive fallout, etc.) � We had to decontam-inate our vehicles. Compare contami-natedecorate

decorate /�dekəret/ verb to award amedal to someone (usually for braveryor outstanding achievement) � a much-decorated pilotdecoration

decoration /�dekə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun amedal (usually for bravery or outstand-ing achievement) � He wore his decora-tions to the ceremony.decoy

decoy /�di�kɔ, d |�kɔ/ noun 1. some-thing which is used to draw the enemyinto an ambush or to make him revealhis location 2. /�di�kɔ/ somethingwhich draws a guided missile awayfrom its intended target (e.g. chaff orflares) � verb 1. to present the enemywith a target in order to draw him intoan ambush or to make him reveal his lo-cation � A small patrol was used to de-coy the enemy into the ambush. 2. todraw a guided missile away from its in-tended target � The aircraft droppedchaff to decoy surface-to-air missiles.decrypt

decrypt /di�|�krpt/ verb to convertfrom code into normal language. Com-pare encrypt. � decipher, decodedeep interdiction

deep interdiction /�di�p �ntə|

�dkʃ(ə)n/ noun an interdiction againsttargets in the enemy’s rear areas orhome territorydeer

deer /də/ noun a large brown four-leg-ged wild animal (often with horns on itshead) � Several deer came running outof the wood. (NOTE: The plural form isalso deer.)


69 defiledefaulter

defaulter /d|�fɒltə/ noun someonewho has been accused or found guilty ofa military offence � Defaulters will pa-rade at 0745hrs.defeat

defeat /d|�fi�t/ noun the act of losing abattle, campaign or war � The enemywill not recover from this defeat. � Mes-sengers brought back news of the navaldefeat. � verb to destroy or drive off anenemy force � We won a great victoryand defeated the enemy. � Napoleon’sarmy was defeated by the Russian win-ter.defeatist

defeatist /di|�fi�tst/ adjective believ-ing that defeat or failure is inevitable �

That is a very defeatist attitude. � nounsomeone who believes that defeat orfailure is inevitable � The last presidentwas a defeatist.defect

defect /d|�fekt/ verb to abandon yourcountry in favour of an enemy power �

He has defected to the Russians. � nouna fault or imperfection � This equipmenthas several defects.defective

defective /d|�fektv/ adjective notworking properly � This equipment isdefective.defector

defector /d|�fektə/ noun someonewho abandons his own country in fa-vour of an enemy powerdefence

defence /d|�fens/ noun 1. an act of re-sisting an attack � The enemy put up astubborn defence. 2. a military power �

The government has cut its spending ondefence.defences

defences /d|�fensz/ plural noun for-tifications built to protect a place � Theenemy easily breached our defences.defence stores

defence stores /d|�fens stɔ�z/ pluralnoun the material used in the construc-tion of field fortifications (e.g. barbedwire, corrugated iron, sandbags)defend

defend /d |�fend/ verb 1. to resist an at-tack � The town was defended by asmall group of soldiers. 2. to representan accused person in a court of law orcourt-martial (legal) � He was defendedby a major. 3. to justify an action oropinion � He found it difficult to defendthe CO’s decision.defended locality

defended locality /d|�fendd ləυ|

�k�ləti/ noun an area containing sever-

al defensive positions, which are able toprovide each other with mutual supportdefense

defense /d|�fens/ noun US spelling ofdefencedefensive

defensive /d|�fensv/ adjective relat-ing to defencedefensive belt

defensive belt /d |�fensv belt/ nounan area prepared for defence, surround-ing something which must be protected� The minefields were part of a defen-sive belt surrounding the enemy com-munications centre.defensive counter-air operations

defensive counter-air opera-tions /d |�fensv �kaυntər �eə�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun the use offighter aircraft and air defence weaponsto protect one’s own territory and forcesdefensive fire task

defensive fire task /d|�fensv �faə�tɑ�sk/ noun a pre-determined artillerytarget, which has been registered andgiven a target number. Abbr DFdefensive position

defensive position /d|�fensv pə|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun an area prepared for de-fence. Compare offensivedefensive systems officer

defensive systems officer /d|

�fensv �sstəmz �ɒfsə/ noun full formof DSOdefensive tactics

defensive tactics /d|�fensv�t�ktks/ plural noun tactics intendedto resist attackdeficiency

deficiency /d|�fʃ(ə)nsi/ noun an itemof equipment which is reported lost ormislaid � Platoon commanders are toreport all deficiencies ASAP.deficient

deficient /d |�fʃ(ə)nt/ adjective lost ormislaid (used of equipment issued to aserviceman) � He is deficient his hel-met. � to go deficient to report the lossof an item of equipment � You’ll have togo deficient on your helmet.defilade

defilade /def|�led/ adjective shieldedfrom observation and direct fire by anatural or man-made obstacle � Theanti-tank missiles were sited in defiladepositions. � noun a defilade position �

Find yourself a defilade on the right andprepare to give us covering fire.defile

defile /d|�fal/ verb to move in file for-mation � noun a pass or valley whichforces an advancing body of soldiers or


defoliant 70

other tactical grouping to move in a nar-row columndefoliant

defoliant /di�|�fəυliənt/ noun some-thing which kills vegetation by remov-ing leavesdefoliate

defoliate /di�|�fəυliet/ verb to removethe leaves from, and usually kill, vege-tationdefoliating agent

defoliating agent /di�|�fəυlietŋ�ed%ənt/ noun a chemical designed tokill vegetation (such as Agent Orange)defuse

defuse /di�|�fju�z/ verb 1. to removethe fuse from an explosive device 2. toreduce tension between people � Thetroop withdrawal has defused the situa-tion.degrade

degrade /d|�(red/ verb 1. to makesomething smaller or weaker 2. to de-stroy military assets belonging to anoth-er state, in order to reduce that state’sability to mount offensive operations �

The object of the air strikes was to de-grade the country’s offensive capability.degree

degree /d |�(ri�/ noun 1. a unit ofmeasurement for angles or bearings 2. aunit of measurement for temperature(NOTE: There are 360 degrees in a cir-cle. 360 degrees is the equivalent of6,400 mils. The symbol for degrees is º(214º).)

COMMENT: Many armies use mils in-stead of degrees in order to measurebearings, because they offer greaterprecision.

delay

delay /d|�le/ noun 1. an act of arrang-ing or causing an action to take placelater than originally planned � He wasnot responsible for the delay in imple-menting the airstrikes. 2. an act of mak-ing someone late or slowing someonedown 3. a period of time lost as a resultof a delay � There will be a delay of for-ty minutes. � verb 1. to arrange or causean action to take place later than origi-nally planned � The attack has been de-layed. 2. to make someone late or toslow someone down � We were delayedby the weather.delaying force

delaying force /d|�leŋ fɔ�s/ noun asmall force used to slow down an ene-my advance while the main force pre-pares or strengthens a line of defence

deliberate attack

deliberate attack /d|�lbəret ə|�t�k/noun an attack which is mounted oncefull reconnaissance, planning and prep-aration have been carried outdelta

delta /�deltə/ noun a triangular area ofland or marsh at the mouth of a river �

the Danube DeltaDelta

Delta /�deltə/ noun the fourth letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Dd)delta wing

delta wing /�deltə wŋ/ noun a trian-gular aircraft wingdemilitarized zone

demilitarized zone /di�|�mltərazd�zəυn/ noun an area or region in whichthe presence of military forces is forbid-den under the terms of a treaty or otherinternational agreement. Abbr DMZdemining

demining /di�|�manŋ/ noun the act ofremoving mines from an areademo

demo /�deməυ/ noun a demonstration(informal )demob

demob /di�|�mɒb/ verb to demobilize(informal )demobilize

demobilize /d|�məυblaz/, demobi-lise verb to return conscripted service-men to civilian lifedemolish

demolish /d|�mɒlʃ/ verb to destroy astructure (such as a bridge or building)demolition

demolition /�demə|�lʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of demolishing somethingdemolition gun

demolition gun /�demə|�lʃ(ə)n �(�n/noun a large-calibre gun, which is fittedto an armoured engineer vehicle for thepurpose of demolishing buildings or de-stroying obstructionsdemolitions expert

demolitions expert /�demə|�lʃ(ə)nz�eksp$�t/ noun a person who specializ-es in carrying out demolitiondemonstrate

demonstrate /�demənstret/ verb 1.to show someone how something isdone � He demonstrated the use of therespirator. 2. to take part in a public as-sembly or procession in order to ex-press an opinion or grievance � Theywere demonstrating against the inva-sion of their country.demonstration

demonstration /�demən|�streʃ(ə)n/noun 1. an act of showing someone howsomething is done � We were given ademonstration of how to load the mor-tar. 2. a public assembly or processionin order to express an opinion or griev-


71 deputy chief of staff

ance � The demonstration was organ-ized to protest against the invasion oftheir country. 3. a show of militaryforce intended to intimidate the enemyor to divert the enemy’s attention � Ourbattalion made a demonstration to theenemy’s front while the rest of the bri-gade moved round to attack the flank.demonstrator

demonstrator /�demənstretə/ noun1. someone who demonstrates some-thing 2. someone who takes part in ademonstration to protest against some-thingdemoralization

demoralization /�di�mɒrə|�la|

�zeʃən/, demoralisation noun loss ofmorale (usually as a result of defeat orhigh casualties) � Demoralization is ev-ident throughout the entire chain ofcommand.demoralize

demoralize /d|�mɒrəlaz/, demoral-ise verb to destroy someone’s moraledemote

demote /d |�məυt/ verb to reduce to alower rank (usually as a punishment) �

He was demoted for being drunk on du-ty. Compare promote. � bustdenial

denial /d|�naəl/ noun an act of deny-ing somethingdense

dense /dens/ adjective thick or crowd-ed � dense undergrowth � a densecrowddeny

deny /d|�na/ verb 1. to say that some-thing is untrue � He denied the accusa-tion. 2. to prevent someone from usingor having access to something � Wemust deny the river crossings to the en-emy.depart

depart /d|�pɑ�t/ verb to leave a loca-tiondepartment

department /d|�pɑ�tmənt/ noun 1.part of an organization � Which depart-ment do you work in? 2. a major sectionof the British government headed by aSecretary of State 3. a major section ofthe US government headed by a Secre-tary � a spokesman for the US Depart-ment of DefenseDepartment of Defense

Department of Defense, DefenseDepartment noun the US governmentdepartment in charge of the armed forc-es. Also called The Pentagon. AbbrDOD

departure

departure /d|�pɑ�tʃə/ noun an act ofleaving a locationdeplane

deplane /di�|�plen/ verb to get off anaeroplane � The force will begin to de-plane at 0600hrs.depleted uranium

depleted uranium /d|�pli�td ju�|

�reniəm/ noun uranium with its harm-ful radioactive properties reduced; usedin the manufacture of some long-rodpenetrators. Abbr DU (NOTE: In the USArmy, depleted uranium is known asStaballoy.)deploy

deploy /d|�plɔ/ verb 1. to move to awar zone or area of operations(strategical) � 7 Armoured Brigade de-ployed to the Gulf in October. 2. toadopt a battle formation (tactical) � Theplatoon deployed into extended line.deployed in depth

deployed in depth /d|�plɔ n �depθ/adjective deployed with units or sub-units behind the forward units or sub-units, in order to provide support and todeal with any enemy breakthroughsdeployment

deployment /d|�plɔmənt/ noun themovement of troops to a war zone orarea of operations � The deployment toGermany was completed in 72 hours.depot

depot /�depəυ/ noun 1. a locationwhere equipment and supplies arestored � The bomb hit an oil storage de-pot. 2. a military training establishment� Recruits were ordered to report to theGuards’ Depot.depression

depression /d|�preʃ(ə)n/ noun anarea which is lower than the ground sur-rounding itdepth

depth /depθ/ noun 1. a vertical dis-tance in water � The depth is ten metres.2. the extent of a force’s position fromfront to reardepth charge

depth charge /�depθ tʃɑ�d%/ noun ananti-submarine bomb which can be setto explode at a specified depthdeputize

deputize /�depjυtaz/, deputise verbto do someone else’s job (on a tempo-rary basis)deputy

deputy /�depjυti/ noun a person au-thorized to act in support of or insteadof another officialdeputy chief of staff

deputy chief of staff /�depjυti tʃi�fəv �stɑ�f/ noun the second most senior


derail 72

staff officer in a headquarters. AbbrDCOS (NOTE: In the British Army, thechief of staff of a brigade is referred toas the Brigade Major.)derail

derail /di�|�rel/ verb to make a traincome off the railsderelict

derelict /�derlkt/ adjective 1. (ofbuildings and ships) abandoned and nolonger maintained 2. US negligent � Hewas derelict in his duty. � noun an aban-doned building or ship which is nolonger maintaineddereliction of duty

dereliction of duty /der|�lkʃən əv�dju�ti/ noun a failure to carry out yourdutydescend

descend /d|�send/ verb to go downdescent

descent /d|�sent/ noun an act of goingdowndesert

desert /�dezət/ noun a region wherethere is very little water and thereforehardly any life or vegetation � verb toleave a military unit without permission� He was accused of deserting his post.deserted

deserted /d|�z$�td/ adjective with nopeople present � The village was desert-ed.deserter

deserter /d|�z$�tə/ noun a servicemanwho leaves his unit without permissiondesertion

desertion /d|�z$�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a mili-tary offence of leaving a unit withoutpermission � The punishment for deser-tion was execution by firing squad.

COMMENT: Desertion implies an inten-tion to absent oneself permanently,while temporary absence is usuallyclassified as absent without leave(AWOL).

Desert Storm

Desert Storm /�dez$�t �stɔ�m/ nounan operation mounted by an internation-al coalition to recapture Kuwait in1991, following its invasion by Iraq. �

the Gulfdesignator

designator /�dez(netə/ noun � la-ser target designatordestination

destination /�dest|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun alocation to which a person or thing isgoing � Our destination is Hamburg.destroy

destroy /d|�strɔ/ verb to damagesomething completely � The factoryhas been destroyed.

destroyer

destroyer /d|�strɔə/ noun a medium-sized high-speed warship used to sup-port amphibious or strike forces

COMMENT: In the British Navy, the de-stroyer’s primary role is air defence(AD).

destruction

destruction /d|�str�kʃən/ noun anact of destroying something � He wasresponsible for the destruction of thevillage.detach

detach /d|�t�tʃ/ verb to remove a sol-dier or sub-unit from their parent unit,in order to assign them to a separatemission or task � 6 Platoon has beendetached to guard the hospital. Com-pare attachdetachment

detachment /d |�t�tʃmənt/ noun 1.an act of detaching a soldier or sub-unit� He is on detachment to the air force.2. a small administrative or tacticalgrouping (normally attached to or sup-porting another unit) � Two detach-ments of sappers arrived on the scene.detachment commander

detachment commander /d|

�t�tʃmənt kə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun an officerwho is in command of a detachmentdetail

detail /�di�tel/ noun 1. one of severalitems of information which relate to thesame subject � He gave me some detailson the tactical situation. � to go intodetail to give all the information availa-ble � in detail item by item 2. part of adiagram, photograph or picture which ismagnified for closer examination � Westudied a detail showing the bridge. 3. asmall detachment of soldiers assignedto carry out a specific task � A detail ofMarines was sent to clear the mines. 4.a written order or instruction � Haveyou read the company detail today? �

verb 1. to give a piece of informationitem by item � He detailed the duties forthe day. � detailed support arrange-ments � technical arrangements 2. toassign a soldier or unit to a specific task� He was detailed to guard the prison-ers.detain

detain /d|�ten/ verb to confine some-one or restrict his movementsdet-cord

det-cord /�det kɔ�d/ noun an explo-sive substance contained in a thin lengthof plastic tube, which is used as an ex-


73 direct

plosive or to detonate a larger explosivecharge. Full form detonating corddetect

detect /d |�tekt/ verb to indicate thepresence of an object or substancedetector

detector /d|�tektə/ noun a device de-signed to indicate the presence of some-thingdetector paper

detector paper /d|�tektə �pepə/noun a type of specially treated paper,which is designed to detect the presenceof chemical agentsdetention

detention /d|�tenʃ(ə)n/ noun the con-finement of a serviceman who has beenfound guilty of a military offence

COMMENT: Detention normally refersto a period of confinement at a per-son’s unit location, whereas impris-onment usually refers to confine-ment in a military prison.

deter

deter /d |�t$�/ verb to discourage some-one from doing something through fearof unpleasant consequencesdeterrent

deterrent /d|�terənt/ noun somethingwhich detersdetonate

detonate /�detənet/ verb to make anexplosive charge explodedetonating cord

detonating cord /�detənetŋ kɔ�d/noun full form of det-corddetonation

detonation /�detə|�neʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.an act of detonating an explosive charge2. an explosiondetonator

detonator /�detənetə/ noun a smallexplosive device used to detonate an ex-plosive chargedetour

detour /�di�tυə/ noun an alteration to aplanned route � We had to make a de-tour to avoid the minefield.detrain

detrain /di�|�tren/ verb to get out of atrainde-turf

de-turf /�di� �t$�f/ verb to carefully re-move the turf from the ground, so that itcan be replaced and will continue grow-ing � We came under fire before we hadeven finished de-turfing the trenches.devastate

devastate /�devəstet/ verb to causegreat destructiondevastation

devastation /�devə|�steʃ(ə)n/ noun1. an act of devastating an area 2. wide-spread destructiondevice

device /d|�vas/ noun an instrument ormachine which performs a function

DF

DF /�di� �ef/ noun a pre-determined ar-tillery target, which has been registeredand given a target number. Full formdefensive fire taskdhobi

dhobi /�dəυb/ noun a place whereclothes are washed or dirty clothes thatneed to be washed � My kit is still at thedhobi. � He’s doing his dhobi.dhow

dhow /daυ/ noun a traditional Arabsailing shipdiamond

diamond /�daəmənd/ noun 1. (of ve-hicles or dismounted infantry) a tacticalformation in the form of a square, withone corner pointing in the direction ofadvance 2. (of groupings) a tactical for-mation, with one sub-unit leading aspoint, followed by two sub-units abreastof each other, followed by one sub-unitcentre rearDIBUA

DIBUA /�dbυə/ abbreviation defencein built-up areasdie

die /da/ verb to stop living � Thou-sands of soldiers died in the trenchesduring the First World War.diesel

diesel /�di�z(ə)l/ noun a liquid fuel,made from petroleum, used in certainmotor vehicles, especially buses, vans,trucks, etc.diffy

diffy /df/ noun deficient or a deficien-cy (slang) � He’s diffy his helmet.dig

dig /d(/ verb to make a hole in theground � to dig in to dig trenches orprepare other field fortifications � theenemy is digging indigging tool

digging tool /�d(ŋ �tu�l/ noun alight-weight tool (such as a pickaxe orshovel) carried by infantrymen in orderto dig trenchesdike

dike /dak/ noun another spelling ofdykeDiphosgene

Diphosgene /�dafɒzd%i�n/ noun �

DPdirect

direct /da|�rekt/ verb 1. to control orguide the actions of subordinates orsupporting arms � A troop commanderdirects the fire of all the tanks in histroop. 2. to tell someone the way to adestination � A military policeman di-rected us to the Brigade RV. � adjectivewithout deviation or by the shortest way� He was ordered to find the most direct


direct fire 74

route to the bridge. � adverb in astraight line or by the shortest route �

The squadron moved direct to thebridge.direct fire

direct fire /�darekt �faə/ noun firefrom weapons which are pointed direct-ly at their targets (e.g. rifle, anti-tankgun, guided missile)directing staff

directing staff /da|�rektŋ �stɑ�f/noun officers and non-commissionedofficers (NCOs) who act as instructorson a course. Abbr DSdirection

direction /da |�rekʃən/ noun 1. a lineor course along which anything movesor looks, or along which anything lies �The enemy tanks were moving in asouth-easterly direction. � I looked inthe direction of the church. 2. a bearing(usually a grid reference) to an artilleryor mortar target 3. control or guidance �He was expected to work without direc-tion from his superiors. 4. instructionson how to go to a destination � The ser-geant gave us directions to the fueldump.direction-finding

direction-finding /�da|�rekʃən|

�fandŋ/ adjective relating to equip-ment which is designed to locate radiosets or radar by intercepting their emis-sions � The enemy has good direction-finding equipment.directive

directive /da|�rektv/ noun an orderor instruction which indicates an in-tended result but does not specify howthat result should be achieveddirective command

directive command /da |�rektv kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun a doctrine of commandand control where commanders at alllevels are informed of the intended re-sult of an operation, but are then free toexercise their own initiative in order toachieve that result, with minimum inter-ference from higher command. Com-pare restrictive controldirectly

directly /da|�rektl/ adverb 1. imme-diately, without any delay � Move to thebridge directly. 2. in a straight line,without deviation � Move directly to thebridge.direct mean point of impact

direct mean point of impact /da|

�rekt mi�n �pɔnt əv m|�p�kt/ nounfull form of DMPI

direct support

direct support /da |�rekt sə|�pɔ�t/noun assistance from another unit orarm in which the unit being assisted hascontrol over how the assistance is used� The battalion had a battery of guns indirect support for the entire attack.direct weapon

direct weapon /da|�rekt �wepən/noun a weapon which is pointed direct-ly at its target (e.g. a rifle, anti-tank gun,guided missile)dirt road

dirt road /d$�t rəυd/, dirt track /tr�k/noun US an unmetalled road or trackdirty bomb

dirty bomb /�d$�ti �bɒm/ noun abomb containing radioactive nuclearwaste, which is dispersed by means ofconventional explosivesdisable

disable /ds|�eb(ə)l/ verb 1. to injure aperson so that he is deprived of the useof one or more of his faculties (such asmovement, sight, etc.) � He was disa-bled by a sniper’s bullet. 2. to do some-thing to a machine so that it does notwork properly � The mine disabled thetank’s steering system.disabled

disabled /ds|�eb(ə)ld/ adjective 1. (ofpeople) deprived of the use of one ormore of your faculties (such as move-ment, sight, etc.) 2. (of machines) una-ble to work properly � They towed thedisabled tanker into the harbour.disarm

disarm /ds|�ɑ�m/ verb 1. to take a per-son’s weapon away from him � We dis-armed the enemy forces as they surren-dered. 2. to do something to a weaponso that it cannot be fired � The gun wasdisarmed by removing the firing mecha-nism. 3. to do something to a bomb orother explosive device so that it cannotexplode � They managed to disarm thebomb before it exploded.disarmament

disarmament /ds|�ɑ�məmənt/ nouna reduction of a state’s military resourc-esdisaster

disaster /d |�zɑ�stə/ noun a situationwhere a lot of people are killed or in-jured, or where a lot of damage iscauseddisband

disband /ds |�b�nd/ verb to break up agroup or organization � The regimenthas been disbanded.disc

disc /dsk/ noun � ID disc


75 dismounteddischarge

discharge noun /�dstʃɑ�d%/ 1. the re-lease of a person from duty 2. an act ofcarrying out a duty � He was accused ofobstructing the sergeant in the dis-charge of his duty. 3. an act of firing aweapon � verb /ds|�tʃɑ�d%/ 1. to releasea person from duty � He was dischargedfrom the army. 2. to carry out a duty �

He has discharged his duties satisfacto-rily. 3. to fire a weapon � He dischargedhis weapon into the crowd.discharge on request

discharge on request /�dstʃɑ�d%ɒn r|�kwest/ noun US full form of DORdischarge papers

discharge papers /�dstʃɑ�d%�pepəz/ plural noun a document prov-ing that a person has been dischargedfrom the armed forces. � dishonoura-ble dischargedischarger

discharger /ds|�tʃɑ�d%ə/ noun 1. adevice which fires or releases a projec-tile or other object 2. a device which re-leases the electrical charge from a bat-terydisciplinary

disciplinary /�ds |�plnəri/ adjectivedesigned to enforce disciplinedisciplinary offence

disciplinary offence /�dsplnəri ə|

�fens/ noun an offence which is punish-able under military lawdiscipline

discipline /�dspln/ noun 1. controlwhich an army has over its soldiers’ ac-tions and behaviour � The British Armyis famous for its discipline. 2. rules andregulations which maintain control �

Your actions were contrary to good or-der and military discipline. 3. self-con-trol � verb to punish � He was disci-plined under Section 69 of the Army Act1955.DISCOM

DISCOM /�dskkɒm/ noun US an or-ganization responsible for the resupplyof a division. Full form divisional sup-port commanddisembark

disembark /�dsm |�bɑ�k/ verb to landfrom a ship. Also called debarkdisembarkation

disembarkation /�dsmbɑ�|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun an act of landing froma ship. Also called debarkationdisengage

disengage /�dsn|�(ed%/ verb to stopfighting with the enemy and withdraw.Compare engage. � to break contact

disengagement

disengagement /�dsn |�(ed%mənt/noun an action of stopping fighting withthe enemy. Compare engagementdisguise

disguise /ds|�(az/ noun anythingwhich alters the appearance of some-thing in order to conceal its true identity� He was wearing a disguise. � verb toalter the appearance of something in or-der to conceal its true identity � Thechemical weapons factory was dis-guised as a hospital.dishonor

dishonor /ds|�ɒnə/ noun, verb USspelling of dishonourdishonorable

dishonorable /ds|�ɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/ ad-jective US spelling of dishonourabledishonour

dishonour /ds |�ɒnə/ noun a state ofdisgrace resulting from an action orfailure � Your actions have brought dis-honour to the regiment. � verb to dosomething which causes dishonourdishonourable

dishonourable /ds |�ɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/adjective causing dishonourdishonourable discharge

dishonourable discharge /ds|

�ɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l �dstʃɑ�d%/ noun the dis-missal of a person from the armed forc-es after being found guilty of a civil ormilitary offencedisintegrate

disintegrate /ds |�nt(ret/ verb tocome apart � The plane started to disin-tegrate in mid-air.disk

disk /dsk/ noun US � ID discdislodge

dislodge /ds|�lɒd%/ verb to removefrom a firm or secure position � The gunbecame dislodged from its mounting. �

We were unable to dislodge the enemyfrom the village.dismiss

dismiss /ds|�ms/ verb 1. to sendsomeone away � He dismissed theclerk. 2. to remove someone from theirjob � The brigade commander has beendismissed. 3. to release servicemen atthe end of a parade � Company, dismiss!dismissal

dismissal /ds|�ms(ə)l/ noun an act ofdismissing someonedismount

dismount /ds|�maυnt/ verb to get outof a vehicle � The infantry dismounted100 metres from the objective. � debusdismounted

dismounted /�ds|�maυntd/ adjec-tive (of armoured or mechanized infan-try) on foot � This will be a dismountedattack.


disobedience 76disobedience

disobedience /�dsə |�bi�diəns/ nouna failure or refusal to carry out an orderor commanddisobey

disobey /�dsə|�be/ verb to fail orrefuse to carry out an order or commanddisorder

disorder /ds|�ɔ�də/ noun 1. a lack oforder or cohesion � The enemy retreat-ed in disorder. 2. a breakdown of lawand order � The police are unable todeal with the disorder in the capital.disorient

disorient /ds|�ɔ�riənt/ verb US to de-stroy a person’s awareness of his exactlocation (NOTE: disorient – disorient-ed – disorientation. British English isdisorientate – disorientated.)disorientate

disorientate /ds |�ɔ�riəntet/ verb todestroy a person’s awareness of his ex-act location (NOTE: disorientate – dis-orientated. The US spelling is disori-ent – disoriented.)disorientated

disorientated /ds|�ɔ�riən|�tetd/ ad-jective unsure of your exact location �

The squad became disorientated andheaded towards the minefield.disoriented

disoriented /�ds|�ɔ�rənt �d/ adjec-tive US unsure of your exact location �

When we debussed, we were completelydisoriented. (NOTE: The British Englishterm is usually disorientated.)dispatch

dispatch /d|�sp�tʃ/ noun 1. a writtenmessage 2. an official military report �

verb to send someone or something �

Messengers were dispatched to HQ.dispatch rider

dispatch rider /d|�sp�tʃ �radə/noun an army motorcyclist used for de-livering messagesdispersal

dispersal /d|�sp$�s(ə)l/ noun an act ofdispersingdispersal point

dispersal point /d|�sp$�s(ə)l pɔnt/noun the location where the sub-unitsof a grouping divide and go off in differ-ent directionsdisperse

disperse /d|�sp$�s/ verb 1. (of a crowdor group) to split up and go off in differ-ent directions � The crowd dispersedwhen baton rounds were fired. 2. tomake something split up and go in dif-ferent directions � The soldiers firedinto the air to disperse the crowd. 3. tosend information or instructions to sev-eral different locations � Orders weredispersed to the units. 4. (of a chemical

agent) to become weaker and eventual-ly disappear � This gas takes about fiveminutes to disperse.displaced person

displaced person /ds|�plesd�p$�s(ə)n/ noun a person who is forcedto leave his or her home as a result ofwar or some other disaster. � refugeedisplacement

displacement /ds|�plesmənt/ nounthe amount of water moved when a sol-id object is placed in it � This ship has adisplacement of 17,000 tons.disposal

disposal /d|�spəυz(ə)l/ noun an act ofgetting rid of somethingdispose of

dispose of /ds|�pəυz ɒv/ verb 1. toget rid of � I disposed of the contami-nated clothing. 2. to kill � He used aknife to dispose of the sentry. 3. to de-stroy � We used a missile to dispose ofthe tank.disposition

disposition /�dspə|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun thepositioning of troops on the grounddispositions

dispositions /�dspə|�zʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun orders for the positioning oftroopsdisregard

disregard /�dsr|�(ɑ�d/ verb to ignore� Disregard my last order.disrupt

disrupt /ds|�r�pt/ verb to cause disor-der, to interrupt an activity in progress �Our mission is to disrupt the enemy’slines of communication.disruption

disruption /ds |�r�pʃən/ noun an actof disrupting somethingdisruptive pattern

disruptive pattern /ds |�r�ptv�p�t(ə)n/ noun a camouflage pattern,which is designed to break up the out-line of an objectdisruptive pattern material

disruptive pattern material /ds|

�r�ptv �p�t(ə)n mə|�təriəl/ noun fullform of DPMdissemination

dissemination /d|�sem|�neʃ(ə)n/noun an act of sending information orinstructions throughout a grouping orother organization � The disseminationof the orders took longer than expected.dissident

dissident /�dsdənt/ noun 1. a personwho opposes the established govern-ment of his own country (where suchopposition is illegal) or who opposesthe system of government itself (espe-cially totalitarian forms of governmentsuch as communism or fascism) � The


77 dock

police have been arresting known dissi-dents. 2. a person who actively opposesthe leadership of his own political partyor group � Dissidents are trying to sab-otage the peace talks. � adjective beinga dissident � The bombing was the workof dissident nationalists.distance

distance /�dstəns/ noun 1. the spacebetween two locations � a distance offive kilometres 2. � the distance thearea at the limit of a person’s vision �

We saw them in the distance. � the mid-dle distance the area half way betweenan observer’s location and the horizondistant

distant /�dstənt/ adjective far away �We are aiming at a distant target.Distilled Mustard

Distilled Mustard /d|�stld �m�stəd/noun � HDdistress

distress /d|�stres/ noun 1. great un-happiness or fear � The regulationscaused great distress to the civilianpopulation. 2. danger � in distress indanger; (of ship) likely to sinkdistress signal

distress signal /d |�stres �s(n(ə)l/noun a signal signifying that a person,ship or aircraft is in dangerdistrict

district /�dstrkt/ noun an area (nor-mally defined for administrative pur-poses)ditch

ditch /dtʃ/ noun a man-made channelused for drainage � verb (of aircraft) tomake an emergency landing in the sea �We were forced to ditch in the sea.Div

Div abbreviation divisiondive

dive /dav/ noun the act of diving �

verb 1. to throw oneself head first intowater 2. to operate underwater (usuallywith breathing apparatus) 3. (of subma-rines) to submerge 4. (of aircraft) tomake a steep descentdive-bomb

dive-bomb /�dav �bɒm/ verb to makea steep descent in order to drop a bomb� They tried to dive-bomb the cruiser.dive-bomber

dive-bomber /�dav|�bɒmə/ noun anaircraft which makes a steep descent inorder to drop a bombdive-bombing

dive-bombing /�dav �bɒmŋ/ nounan attack where the aircraft makes asteep descent to drop a bomb directlyonto a target

diver

diver /�davə/ noun a person who oper-ates underwater (usually with breathingapparatus). � frogmandiversion

diversion /da|�v$�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. anattack or raid intended to distract the en-emy while another operation is carriedout elsewhere � The attack was just adiversion. � feint 2. an alternative routewhen the road ahead is closed � Theconvoy was late because of a diversion.diversionary

diversionary /da|�v$�ʃ(ə)nəri/ adjec-tive relating to a diversion � This is a di-versionary attack.divert

divert /da|�v$�t/ verb 1. to change thedirection in which something is heading2. to distract someonedivision

division /d|�v%(ə)n/ noun a tacticalarmy grouping of two or more brigades.Abbr Divdivisional

divisional /d|�v%(ə)n(ə)l/ adjectiverelating to a division � He reported todivisional headquarters.divisional support command

divisional support command /d|

�v%(ə)n(ə)l sə|�pɔ�t kə|�mɑ�nd/ nounUS full form of DISCOMdivision commander

division commander /d|�v%(ə)nkə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun an officer who is incommand of a divisiondixie

dixie /�dks/ noun a large rectangularmetal cooking-pot, used for cooking inthe field � As a punishment, you canclean all the dixies.DM

DM /�di� �em/ noun a type of vomitingagent. Full form diphenylaminochlo-roarsine. Also called AdamsiteDMPI

DMPI /�dmpi/ noun the exact grid ref-erence of a target for an air attack. Fullform direct mean point of impactDmr

Dmr abbreviation drummerDMZ

DMZ abbreviation demilitarized zoneDNBI

DNBI abbreviation US disease non-battle injuryDOA

DOA abbreviation dead on arrivalDOB

DOB abbreviation date of birthdoc

doc /dɒk/ noun a doctor (informal)dock

dock /dɒk/ noun a small area of waterenclosed by wharves, where a ship canbe loaded and unloaded � verb (ofships) to go into a dock


dockyard 78dockyard

dockyard /�dɒkjɑ�d/ noun a placewhere ships are built and repaireddoctrine

doctrine /�dɒktrn/ noun the standardteaching on a subject; standard princi-ples which guide an actiondocument

document /�dɒkjυmənt/ noun 1. anypiece of written material (but not abook, pamphlet or newspaper, etc),which provides information, identifica-tion, evidence or instructions � Wefound a lot of documents in the enemycommand post. 2. a serviceman’s per-sonal records � His documents haven’tarrived from the depot yet.DOD

DOD abbreviation US Department ofDefensedog

dog /dɒ(/ noun an intelligent meat-eating animal with four legs which canbe trained to work with mandogfight

dogfight /�dɒ(fat/ noun a battle be-tween aircraftdog-handler

dog-handler /�dɒ( �h�ndlə/ noun aperson trained to work with dogsdogleg

dogleg /�dɒ(le(/ noun a movement tothe side at an angle to the normal direc-tion of advance � We made a dogleg toavoid the village.dog tag

dog tag /�dɒ( t�(/ noun a metal orplastic disc or lozenge, bearing a sol-dier’s personal details, which is wornround the neck (informal) � ID discdogwatch

dogwatch /�dɒ(wɒtʃ/ noun one oftwo short periods of duty which alter-nate each day, in order to change a per-son’s daily routine (naval terminology)dominate

dominate /�dɒmnet/ verb 1. to havecontrol over someone or something 2.(of ground) to look down on � This hilldominates the entire valley.donga

donga /�dɒŋ(ə/ noun in South Africa,a dry riverbeddoolally

doolally /�du� |�l�l/ adjective insane(slang) � He’s gone completely doolal-ly.DOP

DOP abbreviation drop-off pointDOR

DOR /�di� əυ �ɑ�/ verb US to removesomeone from a training course at his orher request � He was DOR’d from theSEAL programme. Full form dischargeon request

dose

dose /dəυs/ noun 1. an amount ofmedicine given to a person 2. an amountof radiation received by a person 3. aninfection with a venereal disease(informal )dosimeter

dosimeter /dəυ|�smtə/ noun an in-strument which measures radiationdossier

dossier /�dɒsie/ noun a set of docu-ments containing information aboutsomeone or somethingdot

dot /dɒt/ noun a shorter signal inMorse code (the longer signal is thedash)double file

double file /�d�b(ə)l �fal/ noun twoparallel lines of men or vehicles movingone behind the otherdowndraught

downdraught /�daυndrɑ�ft/ noun astrong downward current of air givenoff by a helicopter’s rotorsdownstream

downstream /�daυn|�stri�m/ adverbin the direction in which a river orstream is flowing � We moved down-stream. � The enemy are crossing down-stream of the town. Compare upstreamdownwind

downwind /�daυnwnd/ adverb in aposition where the wind is blowingfrom another location towards your ownlocation � B Company was downwind ofthe nuclear explosion. Compare up-windDP

DP /�di� �pi�/ noun a type of chokingagent. Full form trichloromethyl chlo-roformate. Also called DiphosgeneDPICM

DPICM /�di� pi� �a si� �em/ noun USone of several small bomblets, whichare released by airburst from an artilleryshell. Full form dual-purpose im-proved conventional munitionDPM

DPM /�di� pi� �em/ noun a camouflagecombat uniform � He was wearingDPMs. Full form disruptive patternmaterial (NOTE: The American Englishterm is BDU.)draft

draft /drɑ�ft/ noun 1. especially US amethod of selecting men for compulso-ry military service � He went to Canadato avoid the draft. � conscription 2. agroup of newly conscripted recruits 3. agroup of reinforcements � verb to selectmen for compulsory military service �

All men over 18 were drafted into thearmed forces. � conscript


79 drivedraft-dodger

draft-dodger /�drɑ�ft �dɒd%ə/ nounsomeone who tries to avoid doing com-pulsory military servicedrag

drag /dr�(/ noun a natural forcewhich slows down a flying object � verbto pull along the ground � The gunswere dragged into position.Dragon

Dragon /�dr�(ən/ noun an Americanhand-held anti-tank guided missile (AT-GM)dragon’s teeth

dragon’s teeth /�dr�(ənz �ti�θ/ plu-ral noun concrete pillars used as an ob-stacle for tanksdragoon

dragoon /drə|�(u�n/ noun a heavy cav-alryman who could also fight as an in-fantryman (historical )

COMMENT: Some modern armouredregiments retain their historical titleas Dragoons.

Dragunov

Dragunov /�dr�(u�|�nɒv/ noun a So-viet-designed 7.62mm sniper rifledrainage channel

drainage channel /�drend%�tʃ�n(ə)l/ noun a ditch designed to re-move surplus waterDraken

Draken /�drɑ�kən/ noun � Saab-35draw

draw /drɔ�/ verb to collect or be issuedwith something � You will draw rationsat 1500 hours. (NOTE: drawing – drew– have drawn)dress

dress /dres/ noun clothing � verb 1. toput on clothing � For operations in win-ter, the troops are dressed in white uni-forms. 2. to apply a dressing to a wound� He went to the RAP to have his wounddressed. 3. to correct the alignment ofsoldiers on parade � right dress! form astraight line, aligned on the soldier atthe right end of the line (used as acommand)dressing

dressing /�dresŋ/ noun 1. an absorb-ent pad and bandage used to cover awound 2. an alignment of soldiers onparade � The dressing is terrible.dressing station

dressing station /�dresŋ �steʃ(ə)n/noun a place where battle casualties re-ceive emergency medical treatment be-fore being moved back to a field hospi-taldress rehearsal

dress rehearsal /�dres r |�h$�s(ə)l/noun a final rehearsal just before theoperation starts

drift

drift /drft/ noun 1. the effects of a cur-rent or wind on the course of a ship oraircraft � The convoy was slowed downby the strong drift. 2. a bank of snowformed by the wind � The mountainroad was blocked by snow drifts. 3. inSouth Africa, a ford � We can cross theriver at Rorke’s Drift. � verb to bemoved by a current or wind � The ship’ssteering broke and she drifted into aminefield.drill

drill /drl/ noun 1. a routine procedure� The unloading drill is designed to pre-vent accidents. 2. the practising of cere-monial movements � There was onehour of drill every morning. � verb 1. toteach a routine procedure through re-peated practice � The sergeant drilledhis recruits in the use of the mortar. 2. toteach ceremonial movements throughrepeated practice � We spent two hoursdrilling on the parade ground.drill round

drill round /�drl raυnd/ noun a roundwhich is not live, used to practise weap-on-handing drillsdrink

drink /drŋk/ verb 1. to swallow liquid� The men are drinking up their watertoo quickly. 2. to drink alcohol � He wascharged with drinking on duty.drinking water

drinking water /�drŋkŋ �wɔ�tə/noun water which is safe to drinkdrip

drip /drp/ noun an apparatus, consist-ing of a bottle or other container and atube, which is designed to introduce liq-uid gradually into a person’s body, ei-ther through a needle inserted into avein or through an orifice (e.g. mouth,nose, rectum) � Every man was taughthow to insert a drip.drive

drive /drav/ noun 1. energy and moti-vation � He has plenty of drive. 2. amove forwards � The enemy’s drive to-wards the coast was halted. � verb 1. tooperate and steer a vehicle � He drivesa tank. 2. to travel by vehicle � Shedrove to the hospital. 3. to make some-one do something � He drove his menon to take the position. 4. to push in acertain direction � They drove on to takethe rebel stronghold. � to drive back,drive off to force an enemy to retreat �

We drove back repeated enemy attacks.


drive-by 80drive-by

drive-by /�drav ba/ noun a terroristassassination method, where the gun-man drives up to the victim in a vehicle,shoots him and then drives away �

There’s been a drive-by in the townsquare.driver

driver /�dravə/ noun a person who op-erates and steers a vehicledrone

drone /drəυn/ noun a small unmannedradio-controlled aircraft designed tocarry surveillance equipment. � remote-ly piloted vehicle. Also called un-manned aerial vehicledrop

drop /drɒp/ noun 1. an act of goingdown � a drop in temperature 2. a verti-cal distance downwards � There is asheer drop of 90m into the sea. 3. a de-ployment by parachute � He broke hisleg in the last drop. 4. an act of leavingsomething where it can be collected bysomeone else � We are making a drop ofammunition tonight. 5. a small portionof liquid (such as blood, rain, etc.) �

There were drops of blood on the floor.� verb 1. to let something fall to theground � He dropped his rifle. 2. to fallor throw oneself onto the ground � Theplatoon dropped when the enemy fired aflare. 3. to make a vertical descent (usu-ally under control) � He dropped fromthe window. 4. to deploy troops by par-achute � The enemy have dropped twoairborne divisions in the area ofMensdorf. � to drop in to deploy byparachute 5. to deliver supplies by heli-copter or parachute � The enemy isdropping supplies at night. 6. to offloadmen or supplies from a vehicle � Wedropped the patrol at the RV. � Theydropped the ammunition at the collec-tion point. 7. to correct artillery or mor-tar fire so that the rounds land closer tothe observer � Drop 20! (ie. 20 metres)Compare add 8. to shoot someone(informal ) � Drop him!droplet

droplet /�drɒplət/ noun a tiny particleof liquid (such as a chemical agent)drop-off point

drop-off point /�drɒp ɒf �pɔnt/ noun1. a place where soldiers leave their ve-hicles to continue an operation on foot2. a pre-selected location where men orsupplies can be offloaded from vehi-

cles, in order to be collected by anotherunit � abbr DOPdrop tank

drop tank /�drɒp t�ŋk/ noun an addi-tional fuel tank for an aircraft, whichcan be jettisoned when emptydrop zone

drop zone /�drɒp �zəυn/ noun an areaof ground selected for the landing oftroops by parachute. Abbr DZ (NOTE:The American army uses the phraselanding zone (LZ).)drum

drum /dr�m/ noun 1. a musical instru-ment consisting of a cylinder, closed ateach end with skin or plastic, which theplayer beats with two sticks 2. � theDrums a band of drummers and fife-players belonging to a battalion or regi-ment 3. a cylindrical container designedto contain liquid (such as oil, petrol) �

The weapons were hidden in an oildrum. 4. a cylindrical magazine for cer-tain types of machine-gun � This weap-on can use belts or drums. � verb to beata drum � to drum someone out of theforces to dismiss a person from thearmed forces (informal )drumhead court martial

drumhead court martial/�dr�mhed kɔ�t �mɑ�ʃl/ noun a courtmartial held in the fielddrumhead service

drumhead service /�dr�mhed�s$�vs/ noun a religious service held inthe field or on the parade grounddrum major

drum major /�dr�m �med%ə/ noun asenior non-commissioned officer(NCO) in charge of the Drumsdrummer

drummer /�dr�mə/ noun 1. a musi-cian who plays the drums 2. a rank heldby a private soldier in the Drums � abbrDmrdrunk

drunk /dr�ŋk/ adjective affected by al-cohol � He was drunk on parade.dry dock

dry dock /�dra �dɒk/ noun a dockfrom which the water can be removed inorder to allow repairs to the hull of ashipdry run

dry run /�dra �r�n/ noun a rehearsalfor an operation � There will be a dryrun at 1400hrs.dry season

dry season /�dra �si�z(ə)n/ noun atime of the year when there is no rain.Compare monsoon, rainy seasonDS

DS abbreviation directing staff


81 DZDSO

DSO /�di�səυ/ noun US an aircrewmember on a bomber, who detects andlocates threats to the aircraft (e.g. ene-my aircraft, radar, missiles, etc). Fullform defensive systems officer.Compare OSODTG

DTG abbreviation date-time groupDU

DU abbreviation depleted uraniumdual-purpose improved conventional munition

dual-purpose improved conven-tional munition /�dju�əl �p$�pəs m|

�pru�vd kən|�venʃ(ə)n(ə)l mju�|

�nʃ(ə)n/ noun US full form of DPICMduck

duck /d�k/ verb to lower your headand upper body instinctively to avoid aprojectile � He ducked at the sound ofthe explosion.duckboard

duckboard /�d�kbɔ�d/ noun strips ofwood nailed together, in order to pro-vide a dry path across muddy grounddud

dud /d�d/ noun 1. a shell or other pro-jectile which fails to fire or explode 2. abattery without any electric chargedug in

dug in /�d�( �n/ adverb protected byfield fortifications � The enemy are welldug in.dugout

dugout /�d�(aυt/ noun a shelter duginto the side of a trenchdumb bomb

dumb bomb /�d�m �bɒm/ noun abomb without a guidance system whichis simply dropped by an aircraft onto itstarget (informal ) Compare smart bombdum-dum bullet

dum-dum bullet /�d�md�m �bυlt/noun a bullet modified to expand whenit hits a person or animal, thereby caus-ing a terrible wounddummy

dummy /�d�m/ adjective imitation(for the purposes of deception) � Theengineers have been constructing dum-my positions on the ridge.dummy run

dummy run /�d�mi r�n/ noun an actof practising an operation before doingit for realdump

dump /d�mp/ noun a temporary storein the field � The bomb scored a directhit on an ammunition dump. � We musttry to locate the enemy’s supply dump. �verb 1. to leave ammunition, fuel, etc.in a temporary store � The ammunitionhas been dumped at grid 341632. 2. to

abandon a vehicle � The truck wasdumped at the side of the road.dune

dune /dju�n/ noun a bank or small hillof loose sand formed by the windduplicate

duplicate noun /�dju�plkət/ a secondcopy of a document � in duplicate/�dju�plket/ in two copies � verb/�dju�plket/ 1. to do something twice2. to produce two copies of a documentduration

duration /djυ|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun thelength of time that an activity continues� for the duration until an activity fin-ishes � for the duration of the wardusk

dusk /d�sk/ noun the period betweensunset and when it is fully dark. Com-pare dawndust

dust /d�st/ noun fine particles of sand,soil or any other materialdust-off

dust-off /�d�st ɒf/ noun US the evac-uation of casualties by helicopter (radioterminology) � We require dust-off atgrid 342659.dust storm

dust storm /�d�st stɔ�m/ noun astrong wind producing dense clouds ofdustduty

duty /�dju�ti/ noun 1. a moral or legalobligation � It is your duty to obey or-ders. 2. specified tasks which a personis required to do as part of his job � Thatis not one of my duties. � off duty not atwork � on duty at work � England ex-pects every man to do his duty – Nelsonduty officer

duty officer /�dju�ti �ɒfsə/, officerof the day, orderly officer /�ɔ�dəli�ɒfsə/ noun an officer assigned by hisunit to deal with incidents and carry outvarious routine tasks during a specifiedperioddwelling

dwelling /�dwelŋ/ noun a buildingused as a homedyke

dyke /dak/ noun 1. an embankmentbuilt to prevent flooding 2. a drainageditch. Also called dikedynamite

dynamite /�danəmat/ noun an ex-plosive material made from nitroglycer-inedysentery

dysentery /�ds(ə)ntri/ noun a dis-ease which inflames the intestines,causing severe diarrhoeaDZ

DZ abbreviation drop zone


ECHO - EeE-2

E-2 /�i� �tu�/ noun an American-de-signed airborne early warning aircraft,with a large disc-like antenna (radome)mounted on the fuselage, which is capa-ble of being used from an aircraft carri-er. Also called HawkeyeE-3

E-3 /�i� �θri�/ noun an American-de-signed airborne warning and controlsystem (AWACS) aircraft, which isbased on a passenger airliner, and has alarge disc-like antenna (radome)mounted on the fuselage. Also calledSentryEA

EA abbreviation engagement areaEA-6

EA-6 /�i� e �sks/ noun an American-designed electronic warfare aircraft,based on the A-6 Intruder. Also calledProwlerEagle

Eagle /�i�(əl/ noun � F-15ear-defenders

ear-defenders /�ə d|�fendəz/ pluralnoun a device which is placed in or overthe ears, in order to protect them fromnoise � Ear-defenders must be worn onthe range.earphone

earphone /�əfəυn/ noun part of theheadset for a radio or other audio equip-ment, which is put on the ear to listen toa transmission or signalearpiece

earpiece /�əpi�s/ noun part of a radioor telephone handset, which is put in theear to listen to a transmissionearthmover

earthmover /�$�θmu�və/ � armouredcombat earthmoverearthwork

earthwork /�$�θw$�k/ noun man-madeease

ease /i�z/ verb to move something gen-tly and carefully � to ease springs toperform the final action of the unload-ing drill for an automatic or semi-auto-matic weapon; after checking that thebreech is clear of ammunition, let the

working parts go forward and pull thetriggereast

east /i�st/ noun 1. one of the four mainpoints of the compass, corresponding toa bearing of 90 degrees or 1600 mils 2.an area to the east of your location � Theenemy are approaching from the east. 3.� the East the part of the world to theeast of Europe � the Far East the re-gion consisting of China, Japan andneighbouring countries � the MiddleEast the region consisting of Arabcountries (such as Egypt, Iran, Iraq,Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emir-ates) and Israel � the Near East the re-gion consisting of countries of the east-ern Mediterranean (such as Cyprus,Lebanon, Turkey) 4. the eastern part ofa country � adjective relating to east �

the East Gate � an east wind a windblowing from the east � adverb towardsthe east � The enemy is moving east.eastbound

eastbound /�i�stbaυnd/ adjectivemoving or leading towards the east � aneastbound convoyeasterly

easterly /�i�stəli/ adjective 1. towardsthe east � to move in an easterly direc-tion to move towards the east 2. (ofwind) from the easteastern

eastern /�i�st(ə)n/ adjective relating tothe east � The eastern part of the coun-try.Eastern Bloc

Eastern Bloc /�i�st(ə)n �blɒk/ noun aterm sometimes given to the WarsawPactEastern Europe

Eastern Europe /�i�st(ə)n �jυərəp/noun a region consisting of countrieswhich were allied to the USSR duringthe Cold War (such as Bulgaria, theCzech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Ro-mania, Slovakia, and Serbia and Mon-tenegro)


83 EFPeasting

easting /�i�stŋ/ noun 1. a vertical lineof a map grid 2. one of the coordinatesrunning from left to right across a map.Compare northingeastward

eastward /�i�stwəd/ adjective towardsthe east � a eastward direction � adverbUS towards the east � They are movingeastward.eastwards

eastwards /�i�stwədz/ adverb to-wards the east � They are moving east-wards.eavesdrop

eavesdrop /�i�vzdrɒp/ verb to listensecretly to a conversation between otherpeopleebb tide

ebb tide /�eb �tad/ noun a tide whichis moving out to seaEbola

Ebola /i�|�bəυlə/ noun the virus whichcauses Ebola haemorrhagic fever (Ebo-la HF), a severe and often fatal diseaseaffecting man and monkeys

COMMENT: The Ebola virus is believedto have originated in Africa. It is ex-tremely rare and as yet, no oneknows how it is initially transmitted tohumans. However, once people areaffected, the disease can then betransmitted through contact withblood or body fluids from an infectedperson. Its symptoms are fever,headaches, vomiting, diarrhoea,massive internal bleeding and inmost cases death. There is no knowncure at present, although some peo-ple seem to have a natural immunityto the disease and do recover. Re-search has shown that the viruscould also be spread through air-borne particles (aerosols) and thereis a strong possibility that it might bedeveloped for use as a biologicalweapon.

e-bomb

e-bomb /�i� �bɒm/ noun a bomb whichsends out electromagnetic impulseswhich can disrupt weapons and compu-ter systems. Full form electromagnet-ic bombECCM

ECCM abbreviation electronic coun-ter-counter measuresechelon

echelon /�eʃəlɒn/ noun 1. a tacticalformation in which troops, vehicles oraircraft are deployed in a series of par-allel lines, each of which is longer thanthe one in front 2. part of a tacticalgrouping � A Echelon the logistical el-ements of a tactical grouping � B Eche-

lon the administrative elements of a tac-tical grouping � F Echelon the fightingelements of a tactical groupingechelon attack

echelon attack /�eʃəlɒn ə|�t�k/ nounan attack made by several units de-ployed side by side, where one unit setsoff first, followed after an interval bythe second, followed after another inter-val by the third, and so on. Also calledattack in echelonecho

echo /�ekəυ/ noun a sound which is re-flected by an object back towards thelistenerEcho

Echo /�ekəυ/ noun the fifth letter of thephonetic alphabet (Ee)echo location

echo location /�ekəυ ləυ|�keʃ(ə)n/noun a method of finding objects underwater by sending sound signals downand listening for the echoECM

ECM abbreviation electronic counter-measuresECMM

ECMM abbreviation European Com-munity Monitoring MissionECOMOG

ECOMOG abbreviation EconomicCommunity of West African Statescease-fire monitoring groupeconomy of force

economy of force /|�kɒnm əv�fɔ�s/ noun a situation in which you donot waste your military assets and, ifpracticable, use fewer forces than nor-mal on your initial tasks, so that youwill have the maximum forces availablefor your main effortECP

ECP abbreviation equipment collec-tion pointED

ED /�i� �di�/ noun a type of blister andvomiting agent. Full form ethyldichlo-roarsineEF-111A

EF-111A /�i� ef w�n |�levən �e/ nounan American-designed electronic war-fare (EW) aircraft. Also called Raveneffective enemy fire

effective enemy fire /|�fektv�enəmi �faə/ noun a situation wherethe enemy’s fire starts to cause casual-ties amongst your own troopseffects-based

effects-based /|�fekts �besd/ adjec-tive warfare or operations which are de-signed to stop the activities of the ene-my without destroying them completelyEFP

EFP abbreviation explosively formedprojectile


egress 84egress

egress /|�(res/ noun a means or routeout of a building or areaeject

eject /|�d%ekt/ verb 1. to throw or drivesomeone or something out � The enemyhave been ejected from the village. � Myrifle is not ejecting the empty casesproperly. 2. to use an ejector seat � Thepilot ejected over the sea.ejection

ejection /|�d%ekʃən/ noun an escapefrom an aircraft using an ejector seatejection seat

ejection seat /|�d%ekʃən si�t/ nounsame as ejector seatejector

ejector /|�d%ektə/ noun somethingwhich ejects (such as the part of a fire-arm which ejects the empty cases)ejector seat

ejector seat /|�d%ektə si�t/ noun aseat designed to eject a pilot or crewmember from a damaged aircraftélan

élan /e|�l�n/ noun great enthusiasmand driveelectromagnetic bomb

electromagnetic bomb /|

�ləktrəυm�(netk �p�ls/ noun fullform of e-bombelectromagnetic pulse

electromagnetic pulse /|

�ləktrəυm�(netk �p�ls/ noun a surgeof electromagnetic radiation given offby a nuclear explosion, which causeselectrical equipment (such as radios,vehicle batteries, etc.) to stop working.Abbr EMPelectronic

electronic /�elek|�trɒnk/ adjective re-lating to the use of electricityelectronic counter-countermeasures

electronic counter-counter-measures /�elektrɒnk �kaυntə�kaυntə|�me%əz/ plural noun the proce-dures used to defeat the enemy’s elec-tronic countermeasures. Abbr ECCMelectronic countermeasures

electronic countermeasures/�elektrɒnk �kaυntə|�me%əz/ pluralnoun standard procedures designed tominimize a unit’s chances of being lo-cated by the enemy through emissionsgiven off by its electrical equipment.Abbr ECMelectronic intelligence

electronic intelligence/�elektrɒnk n|�teld%əns/ noun fullform of ELINTelectronic silence

electronic silence /�elektrɒnk�saləns/ noun a state when all radiosand other transmitting equipment (suchas radar) must be switched off � to im-

pose electronic silence to start elec-tronic silence � to lift electronic silenceto end electronic silenceelectronic target range

electronic target range/�elektrɒnk �tɑ�(t �rend%/ noun fullform of ETRelectronic warfare

electronic warfare /�elektrɒnk�wɔ�feə/ noun the location and suppres-sion of an enemy’s electronic equip-ment. Abbr ELW, EWelectronic warfare officer

electronic warfare officer/�elektrɒnk �wɔ�feə �ɒfsə/ noun acrewman of an EW aircraft who navi-gates the aircraft and operates its elec-tronic warfare equipment. Abbr EWOelement

element /�elmənt/ noun part of agrouping � Elements of the enemy ad-vance guard have been sighted.elephant

elephant /�elfənt/ verb � You don’tknow how you’ll react until you’ve seenthe elephant. � to see the elephant USto experience combat for the first time �You don’t know how you’ll react untilyou’ve seen the elephant.elevate

elevate /�elvet/ verb 1. to put some-thing in a higher position 2. to raise thebarrel of an artillery piece or mortarelevation

elevation /�elə|�veʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. anact of elevating something � The eleva-tion is too high. 2. the angle at which thebarrel of an artillery piece or mortar israised in order to engage a target � ele-vation: 51 degrees! 3. an area of highground � An enemy battalion is dug inon that elevation.elevator

elevator /�elvetə/ noun 1. a machinewhich takes people up or down fromone floor to another in a building 2. amoving part of the tailplane of an air-craft, which is used to control pitcheliminate

eliminate /|�lm|�net/ verb 1. to getrid of � That option has been eliminat-ed. 2. to kill � We must eliminate thesentries before the main assault goes in.ELINT

ELINT /�i�lnt/ noun information onthe enemy, which is obtained throughthe monitoring of his electronic trans-missions, usually by specially equippedaircraft. Full form electronic intelli-gence


85 encryptelite

elite /e|�li�t/ adjective of very highquality � He commands an elite regi-ment of Presidential Guards.ELW

ELW abbreviation electronic warfareembankment

embankment /m|�b�ŋkmənt/ nouna man-made bank of soil or stone usedas a barrier, or to carry a railway orroad. Compare cuttingembark

embark /m |�bɑ�k/ verb to go on boardan aircraft or ship (in order to travelsomewhere). Compare debarkembarkation

embarkation /�embɑ�|�keʃ(ə)n/noun an act of going on board an air-craft or ship. Compare debarkationembassy

embassy /�embəsi/ noun a buildingused by an ambassador and his or herstaffembed

embed /m|�bed/ noun a journalist whotravels with a military unit involved in awar and reports on their activities � verbto send a journalist to accompany a mil-itary unit during fighting and to reporton it, especially a unit which is operat-ing in a combat zone � The TV reporterwas embedded with an armoured caval-ry unit in the Iraqi desert en route toBaghdad.embrasure

embrasure /m |�bre%ə/ noun anopening in a wall or parapet, throughwhich a weapon can be fired. Comparefiring portembus

embus /m|�b�s/ verb to get into a bus,in order to travel somewhere. ComparedebusEMCON

EMCON /�emkɒn/ noun measures toreduce emissions which can be detectedby the enemy � We have a strict EM-CON policy. Full form emission con-trolemergency

emergency /|�m$�d%ənsi/ noun a sit-uation where immediate action is re-quired in order to prevent injury or dam-age or some other serious misfortuneemergency rations

emergency rations /|�m$�d%ənsi�r�ʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun small amountsof food and other supplies carried foruse in an emergencyemergency rendezvous

emergency rendezvous /|

�m$�d%ənsi �rɒndevu�/ noun the loca-tion where people assemble in the eventof an emergency. Abbr ERV

emission

emission /|�mʃən/ verb 1. an act ofemitting something � This engine hasbeen designed to produce a lower emis-sion of heat. 2. something emitted � Wemust reduce our emissions.emission control

emission control /|�mʃ(ə)n kən|

�trəυl/ noun full form of EMCONemit

emit /|�mt/ verb to give off something(e.g. heat, radiation, radar, noise, etc.)EMP

EMP abbreviation electromagneticpulseemplacement

emplacement /em|�plesmənt/ nouna prepared firing position for an artillerypiece or other large weapons system �

The camp is surrounded with gun em-placements.emplane

emplane /m |�plen/ verb to go onboard an aircraft (in order to travelsomewhere) � We emplane at 0600hrs.empty case

empty case /�empti �kes/ noun acartridge which has been firedencamp

encamp /n|�k�mp/ verb to set up acamp � They were encamped by the riv-er.encampment

encampment /n|�k�mpmənt/ nouna place where troops are campedencipher

encipher /n |�safə/ verb to convertfrom normal language into code. Com-pare decipher. � encode, encryptenclave

enclave /�eŋklev/ noun a piece of ter-ritory, belonging to one state or occu-pied by one ethnic group, which is sur-rounded by territory belonging to an-other state or occupied by a differentethnic group � a Muslim enclave, sur-rounded by Orthodox territoryencode

encode /n|�kəυd/ verb to convert fromnormal language into code. Comparedecode. � encipher, encryptencounter

encounter /n |�kaυntə/ noun 1. ameeting which happens by chance � Hedid not report the encounter. 2. a mili-tary engagement which happens bychance � Three of our men were killedin the encounter. � verb to meet or makecontact by chance � We didn’t encoun-ter any enemy. � The invading force en-countered only light resistance.encrypt

encrypt /n|�krpt/ verb to convertfrom normal language into code. Com-pare decrypt. � encipher, encode


endemic 86endemic

endemic /en|�demk/ adjective (of dis-ease) regularly affecting a large pro-portion of the population of an area orregion � Malaria is virtually endemicamongst the local population.ENDEX

ENDEX /�endeks/ abbreviation end ofexerciseenemy

enemy /�enəmi/ adjective referring toa state which is at war with your owncountry � Enemy snipers attacked theconvoy. � She listened to enemy propa-ganda on the radio. Compare friendly.� hostile � noun 1. a national of a statewhich is at war with your own country� We consider the French as allies, notenemies. 2. a state which is at war withyour own country 3. � the enemy ene-my forces � the enemy is withdrawingenemy lines

enemy lines /�enəmi �lanz/ pluralnoun the forward positions of the ene-my � We were operating behind enemylines.enfilade

enfilade /�enf|�led/ adjective capableof engaging the entire frontage orlength of a formation or position � Ouradvance was halted by heavy enfiladefire. � verb to engage the entire frontageor length of a formation or position �

The enemy managed to enfilade our for-ward trenches.enforce

enforce /n|�fɔ�s/ verb to use force orthe law in order to make someone dosomethingenforcement

enforcement /n |�fɔ�smənt/ noun anact of enforcing somethingengage

engage /n|�(ed%/ verb to start to fightor shoot at someone � ‘You engage, andthen you see what happens’ [Napoleon]� We started to engage the enemy infan-try at around 600 metres. Compare dis-engageengagement

engagement /n|�(ed%mənt/ nounan exchange of fire between opposingforces � The engagement lasted justover an hour. Compare disengage-ment. � battle, firefight, skirmishengineer

engineer /�end%|�nə/ noun 1. a spe-cialist soldier trained in the constructionand demolition of bridges, field fortifi-cations, obstacles, roads, etc. 2. a me-chanic on a ship

engineering

engineering /�end%|�nərŋ/ noun 1.the construction and use of engines andother mechanical devices 2. the con-struction or demolition of buildings, in-stallations, roads, etc.engineer officer

engineer officer /�end%|�nə �ɒfsə/noun an officer in the navy who special-izes in ship’s enginesengine temperature indicator

engine temperature indicator/�end%n �temprtʃə �ndketə/ nounan instrument on a dashboard or in acockpit which shows the temperature ofthe engineEnglish Channel

English Channel /�ŋ(lʃ �tʃ�n(ə)l/,the Channel noun a stretch of waterbetween England and Franceenlist

enlist /n |�lst/ verb to join the armedforces as a career � He enlisted at theage of 18.enlisted man

enlisted man /n|�lstd m�n/ nounUS any serviceman who is not an offic-er (NOTE: The British English term isother rank (OR).)enlistment

enlistment /n|�lstmənt/ noun the actof joining the armed forcesenquiry

enquiry /n |�kwari/ noun an officialinvestigation into the cause of an inci-dentensign

ensign /�ensan/ noun 1. a flag 2. anofficer who carries a flag on parade 3. asecond-lieutenant in the Brigade ofGuards 4. US the lowest officer rank inthe navyentanglement

entanglement /n|�t�ŋ(əlmənt/noun an obstacle to infantry constructedfrom barbed wireentrain

entrain /n |�tren/ verb to get on a train(in order to travel somewhere) � We en-trained at Dover.entrench

entrench /n|�trentʃ/ verb to dig atrench (as a field fortification). � to diginentrenched

entrenched /n|�trentʃt/ adjectiveprotected by trenches and other fieldfortifications � The enemy was well en-trenched to the north of the hill. � dug inentrenching tool

entrenching tool /n|�trentʃŋ �tu�l/noun a lightweight tool carried by in-fantrymen in order to dig trenches. �

digging tool


87 espionageenvelop

envelop /n |�veləp/ verb to manoeuvreagainst the flanks or rear of an enemyforce in order to surround themenvelopment

envelopment /n |�veləpmənt/ nounan attack made on one or both of the en-emy’s flanks or rear, and usually ac-companied by a frontal attack � doubleenvelopment an envelopment attackingboth of the enemy’s flanks � single en-velopment an envelopment attackingone of the enemy’s flanks onlyenvirons

environs /n|�varənz/ plural noun thesurrounding area � They concentratedthe bombing on the environs of the city.EOD

EOD /�i� əυ �di�/ noun the disarmingand safe destruction of explosive ord-nance (such as booby-traps, misfires,captured ammunition). Full form ex-plosive ordnance disposal. � bombdisposalepaulet

epaulet /�epə|�let/ noun US spelling ofepauletteepaulette

epaulette /�epəlet/ noun 1. a shoulderdecoration on a uniform jacket � Aides-de-camp wear gold epaulettes. 2. asemi-detachable flap on the shouldersof a uniform jacket, designed to carrybadges of rank or unit insigniaepidemic

epidemic /�ep|�demk/ noun a rapidspreading of an infectious diseasethrough a community � We’ve got anepidemic of typhus in the town.EPW

EPW abbreviation enemy prisoner ofwarEquator

Equator /|�kwetə/ noun an imaginaryline running around the earth, exactlyhalfway between the North and SouthPoles. � the Lineequerry

equerry /�ekwəri/ noun an officer whoacts as personal assistant to a memberof the British Royal Family � He hasbeen appointed an equerry to thePrince of Wales.equip

equip /|�kwp/ verb to provide some-one with equipment � We equipped theplatoon with shovels. (NOTE: equipped– equipped)equipment

equipment /|�kwpmənt/ noun anyarticle which a person needs in order tocarry out a task (e.g. clothing, radios,tools, weapons, vehicles, etc.)

era

era /�ərə/ noun a distinct period oftime � from the 1960s era introducedduring the years 1960–69 � The M-60 isan American 1960s-era main battletank.ERA

ERA abbreviation explosive reactivearmourERFB

ERFB /�i� ɑ� ef �bi�/ noun an advancedaerodynamic design for artillery shells,which increases their range. Full formextended range full boreERFBB

ERFBB abbreviation extended rangefull bore base bleedERV

ERV abbreviation emergency rendez-vousescalate

escalate /�eskəlet/ verb to increasein seriousness or intensity � Fighting inthe area has escalated in recent months.escalation

escalation /�eskə|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun anincrease in the intensity or seriousnessof something � an escalation in troopmovementsescape

escape /|�skep/ noun an act of escap-ing � His daring escape from the POWcamp. � verb 1. to get away from captiv-ity � Three prisoners escaped duringthe night. 2. � to escape capture toavoid being captured 3. to survive a po-tentially lethal situation � The pilot ofthe crashed helicopter escaped with mi-nor injuries. 4. (of a chemical agent,gas, liquid, etc.) to leak � Gas escapedinto the cabin.escape capsule

escape capsule /|�skep �k�psju�l/noun an enclosed box with seats andsurvival equipment, in which crew-members can escape from an aircraftescarpment

escarpment / |�skɑ�pmənt/ noun asteep slope along the edge of a plateau� We saw a column of vehicles movingalong the base of the escarpment.escort

escort noun /�eskɔ�t/ a person, vehicleor aircraft or ship which accompaniesan individual or group in order to pro-tect them � verb /|�skɔ�t/ to act as an es-cort � The convoy was escorted by twodestroyers.ESDI

ESDI abbreviation European Securityand Defence Identityespionage

espionage /�espiənɑ�%/ noun the useof spies, surveillance equipment, etc., in


esprit de corps 88

order to collect information about theenemyesprit de corps

esprit de corps /e |�spri də �kɔ�/ nouna French phrase meaning a feeling ofdevotion to and pride in your unit orgroupingestablish

establish /|�st�blʃ/ verb 1. to setsomething up � We have established anOP on the ridge. 2. to consolidate yourposition � The enemy is now establishedon the western bank of the river. 3. tofind out or verify a piece of information� We haven’t managed to establish thefull strength of the enemy.establishment

establishment /|�st�blʃmənt/ noun1. an act of establishing something 2.the number of men, vehicles and equip-ment which should to be held by agrouping at full strength � This platoonhas an establishment of 28 men.estimate

estimate noun /�estmət/ an approxi-mate idea of distance, size, time, etc.,obtained by judgement rather than byaccurate measurement � We think thereare 3,000 enemy troops in the camp, butthat is only an estimate. � verb/�estmet/ to judge distance, size, time,etc., instead of counting or making ac-curate measurements � He estimatedthe distance at 1,500m.estimated time of arrival

estimated time of arrival/�estmetd �tam əv ə|�rav(ə)l/ nounthe time when a vehicle, group of sol-diers, etc., is expected to arrive. AbbrETAETA

ETA abbreviation estimated time of ar-rivalethnic

ethnic /�eθnk/ adjective relating torace or cultural backgroundethnic cleansing

ethnic cleansing /�eθnk �klenzŋ/noun a systematic attempt by the mainpopulation to drive members of an eth-nic minority away from their homes bythe use of force (including intimidation,destruction of property, physical vio-lence and even murder)ethnic minority

ethnic minority /�eθnk ma |�nɒrti/noun a smaller group of people whohave a different racial or cultural back-ground to the main populationETR

ETR /�i� ti� �ɑ�/ noun a shooting rangewhere the targets are raised and lowered

by electricity. Full form electronic tar-get rangeEUCOM

EUCOM /�ju�kɒm/ noun US the de-partment of US forces responsible fordefending American national interestsin Europe and also Israel, Syria andLebanon. Full form European Com-mandEurofighter

Eurofighter /�jυərəυ|�fatə/ noun aEuropean multirole fighter aircraft, pro-duced by a consortium of companiesfrom the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain.Also called TyphoonEuropean Command

European Command /�jυərə|�pi�ənkə|�mɑ�nd/ noun full form of EUCOMEuropean Security and Defence Identity

European Security and DefenceIdentity /�jυərəpi�ən s |�kjυərəti ən d|

�fens a|�dentti/ noun a unifying agree-ment on common aims and responsibil-ities between members of NATO inNorth America and Europe. Abbr ESDIevacuate

evacuate /|�v�kju|�et/ verb 1. to re-move people from their homes becauseof danger and make them stay else-where until that danger is over � The ci-vilian population was evacuated acrossthe river. 2. to leave a place of danger �

The platoon evacuated the positionwhen it became too dangerous.evacuation

evacuation /|�v�kju |�eʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of evacuatingevacuation procedure

evacuation procedure /|�v�kju|

�eʃ(ə)n prə|�si�d%ə/ noun a procedurefor getting people out of a place in anorganized wayevacuee

evacuee / |�v�kju|�i�/ noun a personwho has been evacuatedevade

evade / |�ved/ verb to take avoidingaction � We managed to evade the ene-my patrols.evasion

evasion /|�ve%(ə)n/ noun the skill ofavoiding enemy forces (usually after es-cape from capture or encirclement)evasive

evasive /|�vesv/ adjective intendedto evade a danger or threat � We wereforced to take evasive action.evergreen

evergreen /�evə(ri�n/ noun a treewhich does not lose its leaves in winter(such as a fir, pine, spruce, etc.). Com-pare deciduous. � conifer, firEW

EW abbreviation electronic warfare


89 exploitationEWO

EWO /�i�wəυ/ abbreviation electronicwarfare officerexclude

exclude /k|�sklu�d/ verb 1. to keepsomeone or something out � The aim isto exclude enemy ships from our territo-rial waters. 2. to not include � Theplane was carrying 215 men, excludingthe crew.exclusion zone

exclusion zone /k|�sklu�%(ə)n�zəυn/ noun an area or region, definedby a state or by international agreement,which the armed forces or shipping ofanother state are not allowed to enter �

In 1982, the British Government de-clared a 400-mile exclusion zonearound the Falkland Islands.exclusive

exclusive /k|�sklu�sv/ adjective notincluding � Our sector is exclusive ofthe main road. Compare inclusiveexecute

execute /�ekskju�t/ verb 1. to kill aperson who has been found guilty of anoffence for which the punishment isdeath � He was executed for cowardice.2. to carry out a planned task � We wereunable to execute our mission.execution

execution /�eks|�kju�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.an act of killing a person who has beenfound guilty of an offence for which thepunishment is death 2. a method bywhich a planned task is carried out � toput a plan into execution to carry out aplan � ‘The art of war is a simple artand all in the execution. There is noth-ing vague about it, it is all commonsense’. [Napoleon]executive officer

executive officer /( |�zekjυ�tv�ɒfsə/ noun US an officer responsiblefor coordinating staff functions within aheadquarters. Abbr XO

COMMENT: In many groupings, the XOis also the second in command (2IC).

exercise

exercise /�eksəsaz/ noun 1. an act ofpractising the skills that a unit or sub-unit will be required to carry out on op-erational service 2. a physical activitydesigned to improve or maintain fitness� You should take more exercise. �

These exercises are designed to improveyour arm muscles.exercises

exercises /�eksəsazz/ plural noun amilitary training plan � The fleet is tak-ing part in NATO exercises in the Med-

iterranean. � Joint Anglo-Spanish exer-cises will be held next week. � manoeu-vres, war gamesexfiltrate

exfiltrate /�eksfltret/ verb to breakdown a grouping into smaller groupswhich can withdraw by different routesthrough territory controlled by the ene-my. Compare infiltrateexfiltration

exfiltration /�eksfl|�treʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of exfiltrating. Compare infiltra-tionexhaust

exhaust /(|�zɔ�st/ noun smoke andwaste gases expelled from a running en-gine or motor � verb to use up a re-source completely � We have exhaustedour fuel supply.exhausted

exhausted /(|�zɔ�std/ adjective 1.(of resources) completely used up �

Our ammunition is exhausted. 2. (ofpeople) very tired and weak, as a resultof hard physical activity � After twoweeks in the jungle, the commandos re-turned to base completely exhausted.exhaustion

exhaustion /( |�zɔ�stʃən/ noun a totalloss of strength (as a result of strenuousphysical activity) � The three escapedprisoners were picked up by one of ourpatrols in a state of complete exhaus-tion.exhaust pipe

exhaust pipe /(|�zɔ�st pap/ noun apipe through which the exhaust is ex-pelled from an engine or motorExocet

Exocet /�eksəset/ tdmk a trademarkfor a French-designed short-range ra-dar-guided anti-ship missile, usuallylaunched from a ship or aircraftexpedite

expedite /�ekspdat/ verb to carryout an action or taskexpeditionary force

expeditionary force /�eksp|

�dʃ(ə)n(ə)ri fɔ�s/ noun a militarygrouping sent on a special mission over-seas � The expeditionary force landedunder cover of darkness.explode

explode /k|�spləυd/ verb to burst out-wards due to a release of internal energy� The bomb exploded at five o’clock.exploit

exploit /k|�splɔt/ verb to take advan-tage of something � The general failedto exploit the breakthrough.exploitation

exploitation /�eksplɔ|�teʃ(ə)n/ nouna continuation of a successful attack af-


explosion 90

ter the objective has been taken, in orderto destroy the enemy’s ability to con-duct an orderly withdrawal or organizea defence or counter attackexplosion

explosion /k|�spləυ%(ə)n/ noun anact of exploding � The bombing raid setoff a series of explosions at the muni-tions factory.explosive

explosive /k |�spləυsv/ adjective 1.designed or liable to explode � Nitro-gen-based fertilizers can be used tomake an explosive substance. 2. liableto cause an outburst of violent behav-iour � The Chief of Police described thesituation as ‘explosive’. � noun an ex-plosive substance � A large quantity ofexplosive was found in the house.explosively formed projectile

explosively formed projectile /k|

�spləυzvli �fɔ�md prə|�d%ektal/ nounan anti-tank warhead where high explo-sive is packed around a shallow hemi-spherical metal plate (on impact, theplate forms itself into a solid metal pro-jectile, which is capable of penetratingarmour). Abbr EFPexplosive ordnance

explosive ordnance /k|�spləυsv�ɔ�dnəns/ noun a general term for anyprojectile or device which contains anexplosive substance or which uses anexplosive substance as its propellantexplosive ordnance disposal

explosive ordnance disposal /k|

�spləυsv �ɔ�dnəns d|�spəυz(ə)l/ noun

the disarming and safe destruction ofexplosive ordnance (such as booby-traps, misfires, captured ammunition).Abbr EODexplosive reactive armour

explosive reactive armour /k|

�spləυsv ri|��ktv �ɑ�mə/ noun sec-ondary armour, containing a thin layerof explosive, fitted to the outside of anarmoured vehicle. It is designed tocounter the effect of an anti-tank projec-tile by exploding outwards when hit.Abbr ERAex-serviceman

ex-serviceman /�eks �s$�vsmən/noun a man who formerly served in thearmed forces � The parade was attend-ed by ex-servicemen. (NOTE: The Amer-ican English term is veteran.)extended range full bore

extended range full bore /k|

�stendd rend% �fυl �bɔ�/ noun fullform of ERFBextract

extract /k|�str�kt/ verb 1. to removeone object from another � He extractedthe empty case from the gun. 2. to moveout of an area of operations � We willextract by helicopter. 3. to move some-one out of an area of operations � Thepatrol was extracted by helicopter.Compare insertextraction

extraction /k |�str�kʃən/ noun an actof extracting. Compare insertion


FOXTROT - FfF-4

F-4 /�ef �fɔ�/ noun an American-de-signed multirole fighter aircraft, suita-ble for use from aircraft carriers. Alsocalled Phantom (NOTE: The plural is F-4s /�ef �fɔ�z/.)F-14

F-14 /�ef �fɔ�ti�n/ noun an American-designed multirole fighter, designed tooperate from an aircraft carrier. Alsocalled Tomcat (NOTE: The plural is F-14s /�ef �fɔ�ti�nz/.)F-15

F-15 /�ef|�ffti�n/ noun an American-designed fighter aircraft with a second-ary attack role. Also called Eagle(NOTE: The plural is F-15s /�ef|

�ffti�nz/.)F-16

F-16 /�ef �sksti�n/ noun an American-designed multirole fighter aircraft, withadvanced fighter-ground-attack (FGA)capability. Also called Fighting Falcon(NOTE: The plural is F-16s /�ef�sksti�nz/.)F-22

F-22 /�ef �twenti �tu�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed stealth fighter aircraft.Also called RaptorF-111

F-111 /�ef �w�n |�lev(ə)n/ noun anAmerican-designed attack aircraft.Also called Aardvark (NOTE: The pluralis F-111s /�ef �w�n|�levnz/.)F-117A

F-117A /�ef w�n sevənti�n �e/ nounan American-designed stealth attackaircraft. Also called Nighthawk (NOTE:The plural is F-117As /�ef�w�nsevənti�n �ez/.)FA-18

FA-18 /�ef e e|�ti�n/ noun an Ameri-can-designed lightweight multirolefighter aircraft. Also called Hornet(NOTE: The plural is FA-18s /�efe e|

�ti�nz/.)FAA

FAA abbreviation Fleet Air ArmFAARP

FAARP /fɑ�p/ noun US a place whereforward units can replenish ammunition

and fuel during an advance. Full formforward arming and refuelling pointFablon

Fablon /�f�blɒn/ trademark a trade-mark for a clear adhesive plastic sheet,which is used to make maps waterproofand allow them to be marked with Chi-nagraph or LumocolorFabrique Nationale

Fabrique Nationale /fə|�bri�k�n�ʃ(ə)n|�ɑ�l/ noun full form of FNFAC

FAC abbreviation forward air control-lerface

face /fes/ verb 1. to look towards aparticular direction � They occupied po-sitions near the top of the hill, facingnorth. 2. to be likely to have to undergosomething � He faced a court-martialafter his ship rammed the harbour wall.face-veil

face-veil /�fes vel/ noun a garmentmade of net-like fabric, which is usuallyworn round the neck as a scarf but canalso be used as a small camouflage net� We used a couple of face-veils tobreak up the outline of the machine-gun.facilitate

facilitate /fə|�sltet/ verb to makesomething easier (i.e. to assist) � Ourmission is to facilitate the extraction ofthe patrol.faction

faction /�f�kʃən/ noun a small groupwhich disagrees with the main body ofan organization or population andmakes trouble � The conflict betweenthe different factions may lead to civilwar.factory

factory /�f�kt(ə)ri/ noun a largebuilding or complex where things aremanufacturedFAE

FAE abbreviation fuel-air explosivefag

fag /f�(/ noun a cigarette (slang) � Putthat bloody fag out!


fall 92fall

fall /fɔ�l/ noun 1. a descent to theground (usually out of control) � Hebroke his leg in the fall. 2. (of places)capture � The fall of Singapore. � verb1. to descend to the ground (usually outof control) � He fell out of the vehicle.2. to be killed in action � His grandfa-ther fell at the Battle of the Somme. 3.(of places) to be captured � The town fi-nally fell to the rebels. (NOTE: falling –fell – have fallen)fall back

fall back /�fɔ�l �b�k/ verb to withdraw(usually under strong pressure from theenemy or as a result of a strong enemythreat) � 3 Brigade has fallen back to-wards Soltau. � pull backfall in

fall in /�fɔ�l �n/ verb to take your placeon a formal parade � The squad fell in infront of the sergeants’ mess.fall of shot

fall of shot /�fɔ�l əv �ʃɒt/ noun theplace where a projectile strikesfall out

fall out /�fɔ�l �aυt/ verb to leave a for-mal paradefallout

fallout /�fɔ�laυt/ noun the radioactivedust produced by a nuclear explosionfall upon

fall upon /�fɔ�l ə|�pɒn/ verb to attack �Government soldiers fell upon the refu-gee column.FA MAS

FA MAS /�ef �e �m�s/ noun a French-designed 5.56mm assault weaponFantan

Fantan /�f�nt�n/ noun a NATO namefor the Chinese-designed Q-5 fighteraircraftfarm

farm /fɑ�m/ noun 1. an area of landused for the cultivation of crops or rear-ing and fattening of livestock 2. a com-plex of buildings, including the farm-house, which form part of a farmfarmer

farmer /�fɑ�mə/ noun a person whoowns and manages a farmfarmhouse

farmhouse /�fɑ�mhaυs/ noun thehome of a farmerfarrier

farrier /�f�rə/ noun a person who fitshorseshoes onto horsesfascine

fascine /f�|�si�n/ noun a bundle oflogs or plastic pipes or other materialused to fill a ditch so that vehicles cancross itfast attack vehicle

fast attack vehicle /�fɑ�st ə|�t�k�vi�k(ə)l/ noun full form of FAV

fatigue

fatigue /fə|�ti�(/ noun 1. a non-militarytask or duty (such as cleaning toilets,clearing up rubbish, peeling potatoes,etc.) 2. being tired � They are all suffer-ing from fatigue.fatigues

fatigues /fə|�ti�(z/ plural noun cloth-ing worn for carrying out a fatigueFAV

FAV /�ef e �vi�/ noun an American-de-signed light all-terrain vehicle fittedwith medium machine-guns, ATGM orother weapons systems. Full form fastattack vehicleFC

FC abbreviation force commanderFDC

FDC /�ef di� �si�/ noun a command postwhich coordinates the fire of severalbatteries. Full form fire direction cen-treFDO

FDO /�ef di� �əυ/ noun a person whocontrols the taking off and landing ofaircraft on an aircraft carrier. Full formflight deck officerfeature

feature /�fi�tʃə/ noun 1. any natural orman-made thing which is visible on theground 2. a distinctive piece of highground (such as a hill, knoll, ridge, sad-dle, etc.) � We must capture that feature.FEBA

FEBA /�fi�bə/ abbreviation forwardedge of the battle areaF Echelon

F Echelon /�ef �eʃəlɒn/ noun thefighting elements of a tactical groupingfederal riot gun

federal riot gun /�fedrəl �raət �(�n/noun a gun designed to fire batonrounds. Abbr FRGfeint

feint /fent/ noun an attack which isnot followed through, but is intendedmerely to test the enemy’s defences orto give him a false idea of your own in-tentions � The attack was just a feint. �

diversionfence

fence /fens/ noun a barrier made ofvegetation, wire or wood, which enclos-es an area of ground and is designed tocontrol or prevent accessfence out

fence out /�fens �aυt/ verb to preparea jet fighter for action (i.e. by switchingon your weapons systems, RWR, HUD,etc)Fencer

Fencer /�fensə/ noun a NATO namefor the Soviet-designed SU-24 fighter-bomber


93 Fifes and DrumsFerret

Ferret /�fert/ noun a small British-de-signed armoured carferry

ferry /�feri/ noun a boat used to trans-port people or vehicles across a river orlake or narrow stretch of sea, as part ofa regular service � The brigade willcross the Channel by ferry. � verb tocarry people, vehicles, etc., across a riv-er, lake, narrow stretch of sea � Smallboats ferried the whole battalion acrossthe river.fertilizer

fertilizer /�f$�təlazə/ noun a chemicalsubstance used by farmers to stimulatethe growth of crops

COMMENT: Fertilizers with a high nitro-gen content are often used by terror-ists to produce home-made explo-sive.

fever

fever /�fi�və/ noun sickness, where aperson’s body temperature is higherthan normal � He has a slight fever.FF

FF abbreviation frigate (with guns)FFG

FFG abbreviation frigate (with guidedmissiles)FGA

FGA abbreviation fighter ground-at-tackfiasco

fiasco /fi|��skəυ/ noun a completefailure, resulting in chaos � The beachlanding was a fiasco.FIBUA

FIBUA /�fbjυə/ abbreviation fightingin built-up areas � I am going on aFIBUA course.field

field /fi�ld/ noun 1. a well-definedpiece of agricultural land (usually en-closed by a fence) � They bivouacked ina corner of a field. 2. � the field areawhere a battle or other military opera-tion takes place � he performs far betterin the field than in barracks � battle-fieldfield ambulance

field ambulance /�fi�ld ��mbjυləns/noun a battalion-sized medical unit(usually attached to a brigade)fieldcraft

fieldcraft /�fi�ldkrɑ�ft/ noun basic in-fantry skills of camouflage and conceal-ment and tactical use of groundfield dressing

field dressing /�fi�ld �dresŋ/ noun acamouflaged dressing designed to treatserious woundsfield engineering

field engineering /�fi�ld �end% |

�nərŋ/ noun tasks carried out by engi-

neers in support of ground forces (suchas the construction, repair and demoli-tion of bridges, construction of fieldfortifications, construction and removalof obstacles, etc.)field firing range

field firing range /�fi�ld �faərŋ�rend%/ noun an area of open ground,where soldiers can practice shooting inbattle conditionsfield fortification

field fortification /�fi�ld �fɔ�tf|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun an improvised fortifica-tion prepared on the battlefield (e.g.anti-tank ditch, bunker, trench, etc.)field-glasses

field-glasses /�fi�ld �(lɑ�sz/ pluralnoun an optical instrument with a lensfor each eye, designed for looking atdistant objects. � binoculars, tele-scopefield gun

field gun /�fi�ld (�n/ noun an artillerypiece designed to be moved easily overall types of groundfield hospital

field hospital /�fi�ld �hɒspt(ə)l/noun a mobile hospital set up on or nearto the battlefield, which is capable ofproviding surgeryfield kitchen

field kitchen /�fi�ld �ktʃn/ noun amobile kitchen set up on or near a bat-tlefieldfield marshal

field marshal /�fi�ld �mɑ�ʃəl/ nounthe most senior officer rank in the army.Abbr FMfield officer

field officer /�fi�ld �ɒfsə/ noun anarmy officer of any rank above captainand below generalfield of fire

field of fire /�fi�ld əv �faə/ noun anarea of ground in which there is suffi-cient visibility to shoot at targets � Thisposition has excellent fields of fire.field pack

field pack /�fi�ld p�k/ noun a largepack designed to carry the equipment asoldier will need while on the battlefieldfield rank

field rank /�fi�ld r�ŋk/ noun any armyrank above captain and below generalfield training exercise

field training exercise /�fi�ld�trenŋ �eksəsaz/ noun a training ex-ercise in which military skills are prac-tised in field conditions. Abbr FTXfife

fife /faf/ noun a musical instrument,like a little metal pipeFifes and Drums

Fifes and Drums /�fafs ən �dr�mz/plural noun a band of drummers and


fifth-columnist 94

fife-players belonging to a battalion orregimentfifth-columnist

fifth-columnist /�ffθ|�kɒləmst/noun an agent or saboteur operating se-cretly within the territory of an enemystatefight

fight /fat/ verb to use physical forceagainst another person, army, etc., in or-der to defend yourself or to inflict injury� The battle of Waterloo was fought out-side the town of Brussels. � They foughtfor possession of the hilltop. (NOTE:fighting – fought)fight back

fight back /�fat �b�k/ verb to defendyourself, to resist attack � We were sur-prised that the garrison fought back sostrongly.fighter

fighter /�fatə/ noun 1. a light fast-moving aircraft designed to attack otheraircraft. � attack aircraft, strike air-craft 2. a fighting soldier � Guerrillafighters attacked our troops from thecover of the woods. � The Gurkhas aresome of the best fighters in the world.

COMMENT: The word ‘fighter’ is oftenused by the layman to describe anylight fast-moving aircraft. Specialists(e.g. aircrew, air-defence, etc.) wouldbe more specific, and would classifyan aircraft by its primary role: e.g. at-tack, fighter, interceptor, EW, etc.

fighter-bomber

fighter-bomber /�fatə �bɒmə/ nounan aircraft which is designed to dropbombs on or fire missiles at targets onthe ground, and is also capable of de-fending itself against enemy fighter air-craftfighter controller

fighter controller /�fatə kən|�trəυlə/noun an air traffic controller who worksin permanent partnership with the pilotof a fighter aircraft, following hisprogress on radar and directing him tointercept enemy aircraftfighter ground-attack

fighter ground-attack /�fatə�(raυnd ə|�t�k/ noun an attack by fight-er aircraft on a target on the ground.Abbr FGAfighting

fighting /�fatŋ/ noun an action ofwarfare � Fighting continued along thewhole front line. � Their troops are ex-perienced in guerrilla fighting.Fighting Falcon

Fighting Falcon /�fatŋ �fɔ�lkən/noun � F-16

fighting in built-up areas

fighting in built-up areas /�fatŋn �blt �p �eəriəz/ noun special skillsrelating to combat in towns and villag-es. Abbr FIBUAfighting order

fighting order /�fatŋ �ɔ�də/ adjec-tive equipped with webbing onlyfighting patrol

fighting patrol /�fatŋ pə|�trəυl/noun a large well-armed patrol sent outon an offensive operation (e.g. snatch-ing a prisoner for interrogation)fighting strength

fighting strength /�fatŋ �streŋθ/noun the number of men or vehiclesavailable to a unit for the purposes offightingfigure

figure US /�f(ə/ noun a number � asix-figure grid referencefigures

figures /�f(əz/ plural noun minutes(radio terminology) � I will be with youin figures ten.file

file /fal/ noun a tactical formationwhere men or vehicles move one behindthe other � verb to move in single file �

The men filed along the jungle path.fin

fin /fn/ noun a thin, flat projection onan aircraft, missile or other projectile,which provides extra stability duringflightfinal protective fire

final protective fire /�fan(ə)l prə|

�tektv �faə/ noun a pre-determined ar-tillery target, registered on or just infront of your own position, as a final de-fensive measure in the event of beingoverrun by the enemy � The companycommander called for his FPF. AbbrFPFfir

fir /f$�/, fir tree /�f$� tri�/ noun a treewhich does not lose its leaves in winter(such as a pine, spruce, etc.) � The ene-my position is behind that line of firs. �

conifer, evergreenfire

fire /faə/ noun 1. flames and heat froma substance which is burning, or a smallheap of burning material which is beingused to provide heat � We saw a fire inthe distance. � to catch fire to startburning � on fire in the act of burning �The tank was on fire and burning fierce-ly. 2. the discharge of a gun or missile 3.the effect of bullets or other projectileshitting a target and its vicinity � Theplatoon came under heavy fire from thefarm. � under fire situation of being


95 fire support coordination line

shot at � ‘Hello 2, this is 22, we are un-der fire from the village, wait out’ �

verb to discharge a gun or missile or todetonate an explosive device � He firedat the leading tank. � The Claymorefailed to fire. � to fire for effect (of ar-tillery or mortars) to fire rounds asquickly as possible � Ten rounds, firefor effect! � fire!, open fire! start shoot-ing � cease fire! stop shooting � holdyour fire! don’t shoot � to open fire tostart firing at someone or somethingfire-and-forget weapon

fire-and-forget weapon /�faə ən fə|

�(et �wepən/ noun a missile equippedwith a guidance system which requiresno further action from its operator, onceit is locked onto its targetfire and manoeuvre

fire and manoeuvre /�faə ən mə|

�nu�və/ noun a tactic of moving inbounds, where one soldier or vehicle orsub-unit moves, while another soldieror vehicle or sub-unit gives coveringfire � The platoon made good use of fireand manoeuvre in the assault.firearm

firearm /�faərɑ�m/ noun a hand-heldgun (such as a pistol, rifle or assaultweapon)firebase

firebase /�faəbes/ noun 1. US a for-tified base location containing heavyweapons which can provide fire supportto troops operating in the surroundingarea � B Company is at Firebase Alfa. 2.troops giving fire support during an at-tack � The firebase was ordered to moveforward.fire-bomb

fire-bomb /�faə bɒm/ noun a bombdesigned to set buildings alight. � in-cendiary bomb � verb to drop fire-bombs on � The centre of the town wasfire-bombed.fire break

fire break /�faə brek/ noun an openspace between two areas of woodland,which is designed to prevent the spreadof fire, but can also often be used by ve-hiclesfire brigade

fire brigade /�faə br|�(ed/ noun anofficially organized body of mentrained to fight firesfire control

fire control /�faə kən|�trəυl/ noun thedirection of a unit or sub-unit’s weap-ons in battle

fire direction centre

fire direction centre /�faə da|

�rekʃən �sentə/ noun full form of FDCfire discipline

fire discipline /�faə �dspln/ nounpersonal judgement preventing unnec-essary wastage of ammunitionfirefight

firefight /�faəfat/ noun an exchangeof fire between opposing forces � Afierce firefight developed on the edge ofthe village. � battle, engagement, skir-mishFirefly

Firefly /�faəfla/ trademark a trade-mark for a small pocket-sized strobe �

We’ll need a Firefly to signal to thechopper.fireman

fireman /�faəmən/ noun a member ofthe fire brigade � Several firemen wereattacked during the riot.fire mission

fire mission /�faə �mʃ(ə)n/ noun aspecific artillery or mortar task � ‘Hello42C, this is 2. Fire mission, over.’ � Weonly have enough rounds for one morefire mission.fireplan

fireplan /�faəpl�n/ noun 1. a planoutlining the sequence in which specificor potential targets will be engaged byindividual weapons or sub-units � Thebattalion mortars were included in theartillery fireplan. 2. a document show-ing the fireplan � All company com-manders were given a copy of the artil-lery fireplan.fire position

fire position /�faə pə|�zʃ(ə)n/ nounany location from which a weapon isdischarged � The sniper found himself agood fire position in the church tower.firepower

firepower /�faə|�paυə/ noun the de-structive capacity of guns, missiles andother weapons � The firepower availa-ble to the brigade was enormous.firestorm

firestorm /�faəstɔ�m/ noun an exten-sive burning caused by fire-bombs, pro-ducing artificial winds which can suckheavy objects into the firesfire support

fire support /�faə sə|�pɔ�t/ noun ad-ditional fire provided by another unit orarm � A squadron from the Royal Hus-sars will be providing fire support forthis attack.fire support coordination line

fire support coordination line/�faə sə|�pɔ�t kəυ|�ɔ�d|�neʃ(ə)n �lan/noun a real or imaginary line behind theforward line of enemy troops (FLET),


fireteam 96

beyond which friendly aircraft can at-tack targets without requiring the direc-tions or permission from friendly for-ward air controllers (FAC). Abbr FSCLfireteam

fireteam /�faəti�m/ noun 1. an infan-try grouping of 4 men (half of a section)2. US an infantry grouping of 4 men(one third of a squad)fire trench

fire trench /�faə trenʃ/ noun a hole inthe ground used by infantrymen as a fireposition and as shelter from enemy fire(NOTE: The American English term isfoxhole.)firing

firing /�faərŋ/ adjective relating tothe firing of weapons or the detonationof explosives � noun an act of firingweapons � We heard firing away to theright.firing party

firing party /�faərŋ �pɑ�t/ noun adetachment of riflemen delegated to firea salute over a soldier’s gravefiring pin

firing pin /�faərŋ pn/ noun a littlemetal pin which hits the end of a roundin the breech of a rifle to detonate itfiring point

firing point /�faərŋ pɔnt/ noun thelocation from which an engineer deto-nates an explosive device (as in bridgedemolition)firing port

firing port /�faərŋ pɔ�t/ noun an ap-erture in the side of a vehicle throughwhich a soldier can fire his personalweaponfiring position

firing position /�faərŋ pə|�zʃ(ə)n/noun a position in which a soldier or agun is ready to firefiring post

firing post /�faərŋ pəυst/ noun amissile launcher � The anti-tank pla-toon had three firing posts on the for-ward edge of the village.firing range

firing range /�faərŋ rend%/ nounsame as range 3firing squad

firing squad /�faərŋ skwɒd/ noun adetachment of soldiers delegated to ex-ecute a condemned prisonerfirst aid

first aid /�f$�st �ed/ noun basic emer-gency treatment given to a casualty be-fore proper medical treatment is availa-blefirst aid kit

first aid kit /�f$�st �ed �kt/ noun abox or pack containing bandages and

dressings for use if someone is hurt orwoundedfirst dogwatch

first dogwatch /�f$�st �dɒ(wɒtʃ/noun the period of duty from 1600–1800hrsfirst lieutenant

first lieutenant /�f$�st lef|�tenənt/;US /�f$�st lu�|�tenənt/ noun US a juniorofficer in the army, marines or air force(equivalent of a lieutenant in the BritishArmy)first light

first light /�f$�st �lat/ noun the timeof day when daylight first appears � Beready to move at first light. � dawn,daybreakfirst-line

first-line /�f$�st �lan/ adjective relat-ing to resources (e.g. ammunition, fuel,rations) actually carried by the fightingtroops, as opposed to those carried bythe echelons or stored in dumps or de-pots � All companies have drawn theirfirst-line ammunition.First Parade

First Parade /�f$�st pə|�red/ noun thefirst daily task for any unit or sub-unitequipped with vehicles, where routinemaintenance and daily checks are car-ried out on each vehicle � He was latefor First Parade.first-parade

first-parade /�f$�st pə|�red/ verb tocarry out the routine tasks of First Pa-rade � Your platoon has not been first-parading its vehicles properly.first sergeant

first sergeant /�f$�st �sɑ�d%ənt/noun US a senior non-commissionedofficer (SNCO) in the army or marines(normally responsible for administra-tion and discipline within a sub-unit)first watch

first watch /�f$�st �wɒtʃ/ noun the pe-riod of duty from 2000–2359hrsFishbed

Fishbed /�fʃbed/ noun a NATO namefor the Soviet-designed MiG-21 fighteraircraftfit

fit /ft/ adjective physically strong andhealthy, especially as a result of takingregular exercisefitness

fitness /�ftnəs/ noun a person’s phys-ical statefitter

fitter /�ftə/ noun a vehicle mechanicfix

fix /fks/ verb 1. to mend � He’s tryingto fix the radio. 2. to engage or threatenan enemy force (usually from the front)in order to divert his attention, and hold


97 flash hood

him in his current positions, while yourmain forces manoeuvre to envelop himor mount a flanking attackfixed-wing aircraft

fixed-wing aircraft /�fkstwŋ�eəkrɑ�ft/ noun a conventional aircraft,with wings fixed to the fuselage (as op-posed to helicopters and VTOL aircraft)flag

flag /fl�(/ noun a square or rectangu-lar piece of fabric attached to a pole,displaying colours or insignia � flag oftruce, white flag a white flag displayedby soldiers wishing to surrender, or by amessenger indicating to the enemy thatthey should stop shootingflag-captain

flag-captain /�fl�( �k�ptn/ noun acaptain of a flagshipflag-lieutenant

flag-lieutenant /�fl�( lef |�tenənt/noun the aide-de-camp (ADC) to an ad-miralflag-officer

flag-officer /�fl�( �ɒfsə/ noun a na-val rank of admiral, vice admiral or rearadmiralflagship

flagship /�fl�(ʃp/ noun a warshipused as a command vessel by the com-mander of a fleet or flotillaflail

flail /flel/ noun a set of revolvingchains attached to the front of a tank orarmoured engineer vehicle, designed toclear a way through a minefield by det-onating the mines in its pathflak

flak /fl�k/ noun anti-aircraft fireflak jacket

flak jacket /�fl�k �d%�kt/ noun avest fitted with panels of synthetic ma-terial (e.g. Kevlar) designed to protect asoldier from shrapnel and low-velocitybullets. � body armour, bulletproofvestflame

flame /flem/ noun burning gas whichforms the yellow part of a fire � inflames in the act of burningflamethrower

flamethrower /�flemθrəυə/ noun aweapon which squirts a jet of burningliquid at a targetflammable

flammable /�fl�məb(ə)l/ adjectiveeasy to set on fire. Same as inflamma-bleflank

flank /fl�ŋk/ noun the left-hand orright-hand side of a military forcewhich is deployed in a defensive posi-tion or tactical formation � The army’sright flank was exposed. � verb 1. to

manoeuvre around the enemy’s flank �

The enemy tried to flank us on the right.2. to be positioned next to � 6 Brigadeis flanking us on the left. � The presi-dent stood at the saluting base, flankedby several officers.flanker

flanker /�fl�ŋkə/ noun a soldier, vehi-cle or sub-unit assigned to guard a for-mation’s flank on the move � B Squad-ron will provide flankers for the ad-vance.Flanker

Flanker /�fl�nkə/ noun the NATOname for the Soviet-designed SU-27fighter aircraftflanking

flanking /�fl�ŋkŋ/ adjective relatingto movement on the enemy’s flankflanking attack

flanking attack /�fl�ŋkŋ ə|�t�k/noun an attack on the enemy’s flankflanking movement

flanking movement /�fl�ŋkŋ�mu�vmənt/ noun a manoeuvre aroundthe enemy’s flankflannelette

flannelette /�fl�nəl|�et/ noun a strip offabric used to clean the barrel of aweaponflare

flare /fleə/ noun a pyrotechnic whichemits a bright light in order to improvevisibility at night � Flares were droppedover the target zone.flash

flash /fl�ʃ/ noun 1. a sudden emissionof bright light � We saw a bright flash tothe left. 2. flame and heat given off byan explosion � Several sailors were in-jured by flash. 3. a coloured patch ofcloth worn on the uniform to distin-guish a unit or grouping � He was wear-ing yellow flashes. � Some Scottish reg-iments wear tartan flashes on their bon-nets. � verb 1. to produce a briefemission of light � He flashed his torchthree times. 2. to send a radio messagewith the highest priority � We flashedthe information to HQ.flash eliminator

flash eliminator /�fl�ʃ |�lmnetə/noun perforations at the muzzle of amachine-gun or assault weapon, de-signed to reduce the flashes producedwhen firingflash hood

flash hood /�fl�ʃ hυd/ noun a fire-re-sistant covering for the head and face,worn by sailors in battle to reduce theeffects of flash


flashlight 98flashlight

flashlight /�fl�ʃlat/ noun US a hand-held battery-powered device for pro-ducing light � We used flashlights to at-tract attention. � torchflash message

flash message, flash signal noun ahigh priority radio messageflat

flat /fl�t/ adjective 1. (of surfaces)completely level � The terrain is flat. 2.(of batteries) without electrical charge �The battery is flat. � noun a dwelling,consisting of a set of rooms all on onestorey of a building � We’ll have toclear that block of flats.flèchette

flèchette /fle|�ʃet/ noun an anti-per-sonnel projectile in the form of a tinydart, designed to be released in largenumbers by certain types of explosiveprojectile (especially canister rounds)flee

flee /fli�/ verb to run away from danger� The civilian population fled into thehills. (NOTE: fleeing – fled)fleet

fleet /fli�t/ noun a large number of war-ships � The American Pacific Fleet wasbased at Pearl Harbour. � The enemyfleet could be seen on the horizon.Fleet Air Arm

Fleet Air Arm /�fli�t �eə �ɑ�m/ nounan air force forming part of the BritishRoyal Navy. � admiral. Abbr FAAflesh wound

flesh wound /�fleʃ wu�nd/ noun awound which does not damage a boneor organflight

flight /flat/ noun 1. an act of flying �

We were able to observe the flight of themissile. � The plane exploded in flight.2. a journey by air � The flight to thetarget area only takes two minutes. 3. asub-unit of an air-force squadron 4. asmall tactical grouping of aircraft 5. anadministrative air-force grouping of ap-proximately 30 men (equivalent to aplatoon in the army) 6. an act of runningaway from danger � With the flight ofthe civilian government, all resistancecollapsed.flight control

flight control /�flat kən|�trəυl/ noun1. the direction of aircraft within a spe-cific airspace 2. a unit (usually locatedon the ground) which directs aircraftwithin a specific airspaceflight crew

flight crew /�flat kru�/ noun US anaircrew

flight deck

flight deck /�flat dek/ noun 1. thedeck of an aircraft carrier, used for thetake-off and landing of aircraft 2. acompartment for the pilot, navigator,etc. on a large aircraftflight deck officer

flight deck officer /�flat dek �ɒfsə/noun full form of FDOflight gear

flight gear /�flat (ə/ noun the cloth-ing and equipment worn by aircrewwhen they are on a flying missionflight lieutenant

flight lieutenant /�flat lef|�tenənt/noun a middle-level officer in the airforce, above flying officer and belowsquadron leader. Abbr Flt Ltflight officer

flight officer /�flat �ɒfsə/ noun a fe-male Royal Air Force rank correspond-ing to flight lieutenant. Abbr Flt Offflight path

flight path /�flat pɑ�θ/ noun 1. acourse of an aircraft or missile in flight� A flock of birds flew across our flightpath. 2. a recognized air route � You willhave to avoid all civil flight paths.flight sergeant

flight sergeant /�flat �sɑ�d%ənt/noun a senior non-commissioned offic-er (SNCO) in the Royal Air Force. AbbrFlt Sgtflight simulator

flight simulator /�flat �smjυletə/noun a computer program which allowsa user to pilot a plane, showing a realis-tic control panel and moving scenes,used as training programmefling

fling /flŋ/ verb to throw � He flung acouple of grenades into the bunker.(NOTE: flinging – flung)float

float /fləυt/ verb to rest upon the sur-face of waterFlogger

Flogger /�flɒ(ə/ noun a NATO namefor the Soviet-designed MiG-23 andMiG-27 fighter aircraftflood

flood /fl�d/ noun an overflow of wateror other liquid beyond its normal limits� The region has been affected byfloods. � verb 1. (of rivers or the sea) tocover dry land with water � The sea hasflooded most of the town. 2. to cause aflood � The enemy have flooded the val-ley. 3. (of motor engines) to overfill thecarburettor with fuel � The engine isflooded.


99 follow-on forcesflood plain

flood plain /�fl�d plen/ noun a valleybottom which becomes covered by wa-ter when the river floodsFLOT

FLOT /flɒt/ abbreviation forward lineof own troopsflotilla

flotilla /flə|�tlə/ noun a small group ofwarships or other vessels � He com-manded a British flotilla in the Baltic.flotsam

flotsam /�flɒtsəm/ noun debris or oth-er objects found floating in waterFlt Lt

Flt Lt abbreviation flight lieutenantFlt Off

Flt Off abbreviation flight officerFlt Sgt

Flt Sgt abbreviation flight sergeantfluorescent

fluorescent /flυə|�res(ə)nt/ adjective(of colours) very bright and highly visi-ble � The ground crew wore fluorescentorange jackets.fly

fly /fla/ verb 1. to move through the air� The aircraft were flying towards thecoast. 2. to travel by aircraft � We flewto Brussels. 3. to transport men or ob-jects by aircraft � Reinforcements arebeing flown into the area. (NOTE: flying– flew – have flown)flying officer

flying officer /�flaŋ �ɒfsə/ noun ajunior officer in the air force, below aflight lieutenant. Abbr FOflyover

flyover /�flaəυvə/ noun an embank-ment and bridge carrying one road overanotherflypast

flypast /�flapɑ�st/ noun an event inwhich aircraft fly over a certain place aspart of a ceremony. Compare marchpastflysheet

flysheet /�flaʃi�t/ noun the outer-cov-ering of a tent, designed to give extraprotection from the weatherFM

FM abbreviation field marshalfmn

fmn abbreviation formationFN

FN /�ef �en/ noun a series of small armsmanufactured the Fabrique Nationale inBelgium. Full form Fabrique Nation-ale

COMMENT: The British-made GPMG(general purpose machine-gun) andSLR (self-loading rifle) were modifiedfrom the original FN designs. Howev-er, the FN-FAL has an automatic ca-pability while the SLR is semi-auto-matic

FN-FAL

FN-FAL noun a 7.62mm assault weap-onFN-MAG

FN-MAG /�ef �en �m�(/ noun a7.62mm general purpose machine-gunFN-Minimi

FN-Minimi noun a 5.56mm light ma-chine-gunFO

FO abbreviation flying officerFOB

FOB /�ef əυ �bi�/ noun a supply dump(especially of ammunition and fuel)which is located in the battle area. Fullform forward operating basefo’c’sle

fo’c’sle /�fəυks(ə)l/ noun anotherspelling of forecastleFOD

FOD /fɒd/ abbreviation foreign objectdamagefoe

foe /fəυ/ noun an outdated word for‘enemy’fog

fog /fɒ(/ noun a thick cloud of watervapour at ground level, which reducesvisibilityfog bank

fog bank /�fɒ( b�ŋk/ noun a mass offog at seafog-bound

fog-bound /�fɒ( baυnd/ adjective un-able to travel because of fogfoggy

foggy /�fɒ(i/ adjective obscured by fogfoghorn

foghorn /�fɒ(hɔ�n/ noun a noise-mak-ing device designed to warn ships infoggy conditionsfog of war

fog of war /�fɒ( əv �wɔ�/ noun a stateof confusion on the battlefield owing tosmoke, noise and limited informationfoliage

foliage /�fəυlid%/ noun a mass ofleaves or other vegetationfollow

follow /�fɒləυ/ verb 1. to move behindsomeone or something else � Followthat truck – it’s going to the HQ. 2. topursue � We followed the enemy patrolback to their camp. � They were too ex-hausted to follow the enemy into themountains. 3. (of an event) to come af-ter another eventfollow-on force attack

follow-on force attack /�fɒləυ ɒn�fɔ�s ə|�t�k/ noun a strategy by whichreinforcements are attacked by aircraftand missiles as they are moving towardsthe battle areafollow-on forces

follow-on forces /�fɒləυ ɒn �fɔ�sz/plural noun subsequent waves of an ad-vancing force, which are in a position toreinforce the leading elements or take


follow through 100

over the lead when required � We willattack the enemy’s follow-on forceswith aircraft and missiles.follow through

follow through /�fɒləυ �θru�/ verb tocontinue an action to its finish � The en-emy were able to counter-attack be-cause the assault was not followedthrough.follow up

follow up /�fɒləυ ��p/ verb to take fur-ther action � We followed up the attackby shelling the enemy as they withdrew.folly

folly /�fɒli/ noun 1. a stupid action � Toattack now would just be folly. 2. an or-namental building (in a park or garden)� There was a sniper in the folly.FOO

FOO abbreviation forward observationofficerfoot

foot /fυt/ noun 1. part of the body onwhich a person or animal walks � onfoot not in a vehicle � to go on foot towalk 2. a unit of linear measurementcorresponding to 12 inches or 30.48centimetres (NOTE: In meanings (a) and(b), the plural of foot is feet.) 3. � thefoot, foot soldiers the infantry(historical )footbridge

footbridge /�fυtbrd%/ noun a smallbridge designed for pedestrians (i.e. notsuitable for vehicles)foothold

foothold /�fυthəυld/ noun the captureof a small area of enemy territory,which can be used as a base for mount-ing or supporting further attacks � Wehave gained a foothold on the enemyposition.foothold line

foothold line /�fυthəυld �lan/ noun atactical manoeuvre carried out underfire, in which men or vehicles withdrawto form an extended line out of directenemy fire, prior to breaking contact orredeploying. Compare baselinefoot march

foot march /�fυt mɑ�tʃ/ noun an or-ganized journey along roads or acrosscountry by soldiers on foot-FOR

-FOR /fɔ�r/ noun a suffix meaningFORCE, used in the titles of contin-gents engaged in international peace-keeping operationsforage

forage /�fɒrd%/ verb to search forfood. � to live off the land

COMMENT: Foraging usually refers tothe act of taking food from the civilianpopulation without paying for it.

forage cap

forage cap /�fɒrd% k�p/ noun apeaked military head-dress with a flattop (usually worn in barracks or on pa-rade)foray

foray /�fɒre/ noun an operation intoenemy territory (usually a raid or recon-naissance) � He was wounded on a for-ay behind the enemy lines. (NOTE: Theverb form is to make a foray.)force

force /fɔ�s/ noun 1. the use of physicalstrength � We had to use force to removethe protesters. 2. a military power � Ifdiplomacy fails, we will have to consid-er using force. 3. an unspecified mili-tary grouping � A large force of tanks isheading this way. 4. � the forces a gen-eral title for army, navy and air force �

the forces are expected to receive a payincrease in the new year � verb 1. tomake someone do something againsthis/her will � The enemy forced the cap-tured soldiers to tell them where theircommander was. 2. to achieve some-thing with the use of strength or greateffort � They forced their way throughthe crowd. 3. to break a lock or fasten-ing � The window has been forced.forced landing

forced landing /�fɔ�st �l�ndŋ/ nounan emergency landing made by an air-craft on unprepared ground � We had tomake a forced landing in a potato field.forced march

forced march /�fɔ�st �mɑ�tʃ/ nounmovement by infantry over a long dis-tance on foot � A series of forcedmarches enabled us to reach the Dan-ube in four days.force flow

force flow /�fɔ�s fləυ/ noun the move-ment and number of troops and the lo-gistics of moving them by land, sea, andair into or out of a theatre of operationsor a deployment zoneforce multiplier

force multiplier /�fɔ�s �m�ltplaə/noun any activity or equipment whichincreases the combat effectiveness of amilitary grouping without actually in-creasing its firepower (such as engineersupport, electronic warfare, deception,surprise)force-orientated mission

force-orientated mission /�fɔ�s�ɔ�riəntetd �mʃ(ə)n/ noun a mission


101 forward

with the principal aim of destroying en-emy forcesforce projection

force projection /�fɔ�s prə |�d%ekʃən/noun the process of identifying andplanning for possible future operationsforces of occupation

forces of occupation /�fɔ�sz əv�ɒkjυ|�peʃ(ə)n/ plural noun militaryforces which occupy territory belong-ing to another stateford

ford /fɔ�d/ noun a place on a river orstream where the water is shallowenough for men to wade across or forvehicles to drive through � verb to crossa river or stream by wading or drivingthrough the waterforecast

forecast /�fɔ�kɑ�st/ noun a statementof what is likely to happen in the nearfuture, especially of what the weatherwill be like in the next few daysforecastle

forecastle /�fəυksl/ noun the forwardpart of a ship. Also called fo’c’sleforeign

foreign /�fɒrn/ adjective 1. belongingto or coming from another country 2.coming from outside � He had a foreignobject in his eye.foreign aid

foreign aid /�fɒrn �ed/ noun assist-ance in the form of money, food or othernecessities, provided by one nation toanother in times of troubleforeigner

foreigner /�fɒrnə/ noun a person whocomes from another country. � alien,foreign nationalForeign Legion

Foreign Legion /�fɒrn �li�d%ən/noun a force of foreign volunteers serv-ing in a state’s army (such as the FrenchForeign Legion or the Spanish ForeignLegion)foreign national

foreign national /�fɒrn �n�ʃ(ə)nəl/noun a person who is a citizen of anoth-er country. � alien, foreignerforeign object damage

foreign object damage /�fɒrn�ɒbd%ekt �d�md%/ noun damage to ajet aircraft caused by an object beingsucked into the air intakes. Abbr FODforeign occupation

foreign occupation /�fɒrn �ɒkjυ|

�peʃ(ə)n/ noun the occupation of terri-tory by military forces of another stateforenoon watch

forenoon watch /�fɔ�nu�n wɒtʃ/noun the period of duty from 0800–1200hrs

forest

forest /�fɒrst/ noun a very large areaof woodlandForger

Forger /�fɔ�d%ə/ noun a NATO namefor the Soviet-designed YAK-38 fighteraircraftfork

fork /fɔ�k/ noun a place where a singleroad divides into two. � Y-junctionform

form /fɔ�m/ verb to make � Form col-umns of four.formation

formation /fɔ�|�meʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. ar-rangement of aircraft, ships, troops orvehicles for movement or tactical pur-poses � The tanks were moving in for-mation. 2. a military grouping � Severallarge enemy formations have crossedthe river. 3. a grouping � He was postedto a different formation.forming-up point

forming-up point /fɔ�mŋ ��p�pɔnt/ noun a place where soldiers orvehicles of a grouping get into tacticalformation before commencing the nextphase of an operation. Abbr FUPform up

form up /�fɔ�m ��p/ verb to get intotactical formation prior to commencingthe next phase of an operationfort

fort /fɔ�t/ noun a small fortified build-ing � The rebels are based in hill forts tothe north of the capital.fortification

fortification /�fɔ�tf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun1. an act of preparing buildings orground for defence � He was put incharge of the fortification of the town. 2.an earthwork, structure or obstacle pre-pared for defensive purposes � There isa strong line of fortifications along thecoast.fortify

fortify /�fɔ�tfa/ verb to prepare build-ings or ground for defence � The enemyoccupies strongly fortified positions tothe north of the river.fortress

fortress /�fɔ�trəs/ noun a fortifiedplace or town � They retreated to a for-tress overlooking the Danube.forward

forward /�fɔ�wəd/ adverb 1. straightahead � The tank moved forward slowly.2. beyond � The OP was deployed for-ward of the main position. 3. to the frontline � The battalion is moving forwardtonight. � adjective in the front line �

The forward positions were under firefor several hours.


forward air controller 102forward air controller

forward air controller /�fɔ�wəd �eəkən|�trəυlə/ noun an air-force or artil-lery officer or NCO operating from anaircraft or attached to ground troops inorder to direct close air support. AbbrFACforward area

forward area /�fɔ�wəd �eəriə/ nounan area occupied by troops who areclose to or in contact with the enemy �

Everyone had to wear body armour inthe forward areas. � front, front lineforward arming and refuelling point

forward arming and refuellingpoint /�fɔ�wəd �ɑ�mŋ ən ri�|�fju�lŋ�pɔnt/ noun US full form of FAARPforward defence

forward defence /�fɔ�wəd d|�fens/noun the NATO doctrine of stopping aninvasion as close to the border as possi-bleforward edge of the battle area

forward edge of the battle area,forward line of own troops noun a lineformed by the positions of friendlyforces which are closest to the enemy.Abbr FEBA, FLOTforward observation officer

forward observation officer, for-ward observer noun an artillery officeror NCO attached to an infantry or ar-moured unit, or operating from an air-craft in order to direct artillery fire. �

spotter. Abbr FOOforward operating base

forward operating base /�fɔ�wəd�ɒpəretŋ �bes/ noun full form ofFOBforward slope

forward slope /�fɔ�wəd �sləυp/ nounthe side of a hill which is facing the en-emy � The enemy are dug in on the for-ward slope. � reverse slopefour-star general

four-star general /�fɔ� stɑ��d%en(ə)rəl/ noun a generalFox

Fox /fɒks/ noun a British-designedwheeled armoured reconnaissance ve-hicle (CVR)Foxbat

Foxbat /�fɒksb�t/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed MiG-25fighter aircraftfoxhole

foxhole /�fɒkhəυl/ noun US a hole inthe ground used by infantrymen as a fireposition and as shelter from enemy fire(NOTE: The British English term is firetrench.)

Foxhound

Foxhound /�fɒkshaυnd/ noun aNATO name for the Soviet-designedMiG-31 interceptor aircraftFoxtrot

Foxtrot /�fɒkstrɒt/ noun the sixth let-ter of the phonetic alphabet (Ff)FPF

FPF /�ef pi� �ef/ noun a pre-determinedartillery target, registered on or just infront of your own position, as a final de-fensive measure in the event of beingoverrun by the enemy � The companycommander called for his FPF. Fullform final protective firefrag

frag /fr�(/ verb US to deliberatelywound an unpopular or unreliable com-rade, while giving the appearance thathe was hit by enemy fire (slang) � Thesergeant was fragged by his own men.(NOTE: This word is derived from frag-mentation grenade, a common meansof fragging in Vietnam.)fragment

fragment /�fr�(mənt/ noun a piecewhich has broken off an object � Hewas hit by fragments from a shell. �

verb to break up into separate parts �

The minefields will force the enemy for-mations to fragment.fragmentary plan

fragmentary plan /�fr�(mənt(ə)ri�pl�n/ noun full form of FRAGPLANfragmentation grenade

fragmentation grenade /fr�(mən|

�teʃ(ə)n (r|�ned/ noun an anti-per-sonnel grenade designed to explode intofragmentsfragmentation mine

fragmentation mine /�fr�(mən|

�teʃ(ə)n �man/ noun a landminewhich is designed to explode into frag-mentsfragment of an order

fragment of an order /�fr�(məntəv ən �ɔ�də/ noun full form of FRAGOFRAGO

FRAGO /�fr�(əυ/ noun US an amend-ment to part of a set of orders. Full formfragment of an orderFRAGPLAN

FRAGPLAN /�fr�(pl�n/ noun US alist of actions for dealing with differentcontingencies which might occur dur-ing the course of an operation. Fullform fragmentary planfraternization

fraternization /�fr�təna|�zeʃən/,fraternisation noun an act of fraterniz-ing � Fraternization with civilians isprohibited.


103 frontagefraternize

fraternize /�fr�tənaz/, fraterniseverb to be friendly towards enemytroops or enemy civilians � We aren’tallowed to fraternize with the local pop-ulation.fratricide

fratricide /�fr�trsad/ noun casual-ties caused by friendly units firing oneach other in error. � friendly firefreddy

freddy /�fred/ noun a fighter control-ler (slang) � My freddy is on leave.free

free /fri�/ adjective 1. not in custody orunder another person’s domination �

The hostages are now free. 2. unrestrict-ed 3. not engaged in any other activity �I am free at the moment. � verb to re-lease someone from custody � The hos-tages have been freed.freedom

freedom /�fri�dəm/ noun a state of be-ing freefreedom-fighter

freedom-fighter /�fri�dəm �fatə/noun a person who uses armed force toresist foreign domination or the estab-lished governmentfree-fall

free-fall /�fri� �fɔ�l/ noun a method ofopening a parachute, where the para-chutist descends some distance throughthe air before pulling a rip-cord. Com-pare static line. � HALOfree fire zone

free fire zone /�fri� �faə �zəυn/ nounan area of ground in which any personor vehicle should be considered hostileand may therefore be shot atfree rocket over-ground

free rocket over-ground /f|�ri��rɒkt �əυvə �(raυnd/ noun full form ofFROGFreestyle

Freestyle /�fri�stal/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed YAK-41fighter aircraftfreight

freight /fret/ noun goods or suppliescarried by an aircraft, vehicle or train.Compare cargofrenzy

frenzy /�frenz/ adverb the target hasnot been destroyed (forward air control-ler jargon) � Hello Cowboy this is G33,frenzy, frenzy, over.frequency

frequency /�fri�kwənsi/ noun a radiosetting (NOTE: The plural form is fre-quencies.)FRG

FRG /�ef ɑ� �d%i�/ noun a gun designedto fire baton rounds. Full form federalriot gun

friction

friction /�frkʃən/ noun the disruptiveeffect of unforeseen factors upon theexecution of a planfriendly

friendly /�frendli/ adjective on thesame side in a conflict or war (i.e. notenemy)friendly fire

friendly fire /�frendli �faə/ noun anincident where friendly forces fire ontheir own troops or vehicles by mistake� He was killed by friendly fire. Alsocalled blue on blue. � fratricidefriendly forces

friendly forces /�frendli �fɔ�sz/ plu-ral noun your own forces or the forcesof your allies (i.e. not the enemy). Com-pare enemyfrigate

frigate /�fr(ət/ noun a medium-sizedwarship used to escort other ships or tocarry out missions on its own

COMMENT: In the British Navy, thefrigate’s primary mission is anti-sub-marine warfare (ASW).

frog

frog /frɒ(/ noun a loop for attaching asheath or scabbard to a beltFROG

FROG /frɒ(/ noun a NATO name forSoviet-designed ballistic tactical sur-face-to-surface missile. Full form freerocket over-groundFrogfoot

Frogfoot /�frɒ(fυt/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed SU-25ground-attack aircraftfrogman

frogman /�frɒ(mən/ noun a personequipped with special clothing andbreathing apparatus in order to operateunderwater � Naval frogmen attachedmines to the ship’s hull. � diver (NOTE:The plural form is frogmen.)front

front /fr�nt/ noun 1. the forward edgeor forward part of something � Heaimed at the front of the tank. 2. a zoneoccupied by military forces which arefighting or preparing to fight the enemy� We are moving up to the front tonight.� The Germans are now fighting on twofronts. � He was drafted into the armyand immediately sent to the front. � Weattacked the enemy along a wide front. �forward areafrontage

frontage /�fr�ntd%/ noun the distancealong the front of a tactical formation ordefensive position � The brigade ad-vanced on a wide frontage.


frontal 104frontal

frontal /�fr�nt(ə)l/ adjective towardsthe front of somethingfrontal attack

frontal attack /�fr�nt(ə)l ə|�t�k/ nounan attack on the front of an enemy posi-tion (as opposed to the flank)frontier

frontier /fr�n|�tə/ noun a region on theborder between two statesfront line

front line /�fr�nt �lan/ noun the for-ward positions of an army at the front. �forward areafront-line troops

front-line troops /�fr�nt lan�tru�ps/ plural noun soldiers serving onthe front linefrost

frost /frɒst/ noun 1. freezing condi-tions, which cover the ground and othersurfaces with ice � There’s going to bea hard frost tonight. 2. frozen grass �

We could see tracks in the frost.frostbite

frostbite /�frɒstbat/ noun an injurycaused to fingers, toes, ears, nose orother parts of the body as a result offreezing conditions � He lost six toesthrough frostbite.fruit salad

fruit salad /�fru�t �s�ləd/ noun rowsof small narrow colourful campaign,service, and combat decorations, wornby military personnel on the upper leftarea of their uniforms (slang)FSCL

FSCL /ef �es i� �el, �fs(ə)l/ noun a realor imaginary line behind the forwardline of enemy troops (FLET), beyondwhich friendly aircraft can attack tar-gets without requiring the directions orpermission from friendly forward aircontrollers (FAC). Full form fire sup-port coordination line

COMMENT: During a rapid advance byfriendly forces, it will be necessaryto constantly readjust the FSCL, notonly to prevent fratricide from friendlyaircraft, but also to allow those air-craft the maximum freedom to en-gage enemy targets to the rear. Onesolution to this problem is to haveseveral pre-planned FSCLs whichcan be activated as the advance pro-ceeds.

FTX

FTX abbreviation field training exer-cisefuel

fuel /�fju�əl/ noun a substance which isburnt in order to provide heat or power(e.g. diesel, gas, petrol, wood)

fuel-air explosive

fuel-air explosive /�fju�əl eə k|

�spləυsv/ noun a munition containinga highly inflammable substance (suchas ethylene oxide) which is deliveredover a target as a cloud of vapour andthen detonated, producing a powerfulblast, intense heat, and depriving per-sons in the target area of oxygen. AbbrFAEfuel tanker

fuel tanker /�fju�l �t�ŋkə/, fuel trucknoun a large road vehicle designed tocarry petrolFulcrum

Fulcrum /�fυlkrəm/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed MiG-29fighter aircraftFuller’s earth

Fuller’s earth /�fυləz �$�θ/ noun hy-drous aluminium silicate powder, whichis used to decontaminate things after achemical attackfull military nomenclature

full military nomenclature /�fυl�mlt(ə)ri nəυ |�meŋklətʃə/ noun US anofficial identifying code designationstamped on pieces of military equip-mentfumigate

fumigate /�fju�m (et/ verb to disin-fect or kill insects with smoke or chem-ical vapour � The MO ordered us to fu-migate the tents.funnel

funnel /�f�n(ə)l/ noun a chimney for aship’s engineFUP

FUP abbreviation forming-up pointfurlough

furlough /�f$�ləυ/ noun US permis-sion to be absent from your unit for aspecific period (NOTE: The British Eng-lish term is leave.)furze

furze /f$�z/ noun in Ireland, a bushwith spiked leaves and yellow flowers(NOTE: The British English term isgorse.)fuse

fuse /fju�z/ noun 1. a length of fast-burning cord which is lit from a safedistance in order to activate an explo-sive device 2. a component designed todetonate a bomb, shell or other explo-sive device on impact or after a specificperiod 3. a component designed to pre-vent serious damage or fire, by safelyburning out when an excessive electri-cal charge passes through it


105 fwdfuselage

fuselage /�fju�zəlɑ�%/ noun the mainbody of an aircraftfusileer

fusileer /fju�zə|�lə/ noun US spellingof fusilierfusilier

fusilier /fju�zə|�lə/ noun (historical ) 1.an infantryman armed with a light mus-ket (called a ‘fusil’) 2. the title of a nor-mal infantryman in a grenadier regi-ment

COMMENT: Many infantry regimentsstill retain their historical title of Fusi-liers.

fusillade

fusillade /�fju�z|�led/ noun a pro-longed period of firing of small gunsfuze

fuze noun US spelling of fuseFV-432

FV-432 noun same as AFV-432fwd

fwd abbreviation forward


GOLF - GgG1

G1 /�d%i� �w�n/ noun the department ofa headquarters responsible for person-nelG2

G2 /�d%i� �tu�/ noun the department of aheadquarters responsible for intelli-genceG3

G3 /�d%i� �θri�/ noun the department ofa headquarters responsible for opera-tions and trainingG4

G4 /�d%i� �fɔ�/ noun the department of aheadquarters responsible for logisticsGA

GA /�d%i� �e/ noun a type of nerveagent. Full form dimethylaminoethox-ycyanophosphine oxide. Also calledTabunG-agent

G-agent /�d%i�|�ed%ənt/ noun a non-persistent nerve agentgain

gain /(en/ noun an achievement or re-sult � We lost all our gains next daywhen the enemy counterattacked. � verbto achieve something � We have gainedmost of our objectives. � to gainground to move forwards � We havegained a lot of ground since yesterday.� After the battle we found we had onlygained 200m.Gainful

Gainful /�(enfυl/ noun an SA-6, So-viet-designed low to medium altitudesurface-to-air missile (SAM)gaiter

gaiter /�(etə/ noun a garment of fab-ric or leather, which is worn over the an-kle and lower leg in order to keep yourtrousers dry and to prevent small stonesand other objects going into your boots� The soldiers wore white belts and gai-ters.gale

gale /(el/ noun a very strong windgallantry

gallantry /�(�ləntri/ noun braverygallery range

gallery range /�(�ləri rend%/ nouna formal shooting range, consisting of afiring point, where several people can

shoot side by side, and the butts, wheretargets are positionedgalley

galley /�(�li/ noun a cabin or compart-ment on an aircraft or ship where foodis preparedgallon

gallon /�(�lən/ noun a unit of meas-urement for liquids

COMMENT: In Britain one gallon (theimperial gallon) equals 4.546 litres; inthe USA, a gallon equals 3.78 litres.

Gammon

Gammon /�(�mən/ noun an SA-5,Soviet-designed long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM)Ganef

Ganef /�(�nef/ noun an SA-4, Soviet-designed medium to high altitude radar-guided surface-to-air missile (SAM)gang

gang /(�ŋ/ noun a group of peoplewho act together for some illegal pur-pose � Gangs of youths have been loot-ing the town centre.gangrene

gangrene /�(�ŋ(ri�n/ noun a condi-tion where tissues die and decay as a re-sult of bacterial action, because theblood supply has been lost through inju-ry or disease of an arterygap

gap /(�p/ noun an interval or space �

He went through a gap in the fence. �

There are large gaps between our posi-tions.garden

garden /�(ɑ�d(ə)n/ noun an area ofground (usually next to or surroundinga house) used for the growing of flowersand plants or fruit and vegetablesgarrison

garrison /�(�rs(ə)n/ noun troopswho occupy a fortress or town in orderto defend it � the garrison commander� The garrison held out for three weeks.� verb to occupy a fortress or town withtroops in order to defend it � The gener-al garrisoned the town with troops loyalto the president. � The troops garri-


107 general officer commanding

soned in the town complained about thelack of amenities.garrison town

garrison town /�(�rs(ə)n taυn/noun a town in which troops are perma-nently stationedgas

gas /(�s/ noun 1. a substance whichbehaves like air by completely fillingthe space which it occupies 2. a chemi-cal weapon in the form of gas, used toirritate the skin, to blind, to choke or tokill � The president launched gas at-tacks on the civilian population. � Gas!Gas! Gas! a verbal alarm given for achemical attack 3. gas used as a fuel(such as butane) 4. US gasoline or pet-rol (informal ) � We are out of gas. � verbto use poisonous gas as a weapon � Hewas gassed during the war.gas gangrene

gas gangrene /�(�s �(�ŋ(ri�n/noun a complication of severe woundsin which the bacterium Clostridiumwelchii breeds in the wound and thenspreads to healthy tissue, which is rap-idly decomposed with the formation ofgasGaskin

Gaskin /�(�skn/ noun an SA-9, Sovi-et-designed low-altitude surface-to-airmissile (SAM), normally issued to mo-tor rifle and tank regiments, and used inconjunction with the ZSU-23 anti-air-craft cannongas mask

gas mask /�(�s mɑ�sk/ noun a pro-tective face-covering containing an ap-paratus to filter air. � respiratorgasoline

gasoline /�(�səli�n/ noun US a liquidfuel made from petroleum, used by mo-tor vehicles (NOTE: The British Englishterm is petrol; in many other languagesit is benzin.)gate

gate /(et/ noun a barrier which can beopened and closed in order to allow ac-cess through a fenceGatling gun

Gatling gun /�(�tlŋ �(�n/ noun amachine-gun with a cluster of barrels,which revolve in order to fireGazelle

Gazelle /(ə|�zel/ noun a French-de-signed and British-made reconnais-sance helicopterGB

GB /�d%i� �bi�/ noun a type of nerveagent. Full form methylisopropoxy-fluorophosphine oxide. Also calledSarin

GBU-15

GBU-15 /�d%i� bi� �ju� ff|�ti�n/ nounan American-designed glide bombGBU-43/B

GBU-43/B noun a huge aerial bombweighing 9,500 kg which explodesabove ground level. It is mainly de-signed to clear trees and vegetation fora helicopter landing zone. Also calledMOABGCI

GCI /�d% i� si� �a/ noun a ground-basedradar � We destroyed a GCI site. Fullform ground controlled interceptionGCT

GCT /�d% i� si� �ti�/ noun a French-de-signed 155mm self-propelled gunGD

GD /�d%i� �di�/ noun a type of nerveagent. Full form methyplinacolyloxy-fluorophosphine oxide. Also calledSomanGDP

GDP abbreviation general deploymentpositionGds

Gds abbreviation GuardsGdsm

Gdsm abbreviation guardsmanGecko

Gecko /�(ekəυ/ noun an SA-8, Soviet-designed low altitude surface-to-airmissile (SAM)Geiger counter

Geiger counter /�(a(ə �kaυntə/noun an instrument for measuring lev-els of radiationGen

Gen abbreviation generalgeneral

general /�d%en(ə)rəl/ adjective 1. notrestricted, not specialized � This is ageneral warning to all base personnel.2. common to everyone or everything �noun 1. a senior army commander (notnecessarily holding the rank of general)� Napoleon was one of the greatest gen-erals in history. 2. US a senior rank inthe British army or marinesgeneral cease-fire

general cease-fire /�d%en(ə)rəl �si�s�faə/ noun a cease-fire observed by allparticipants in a war or armed conflictgeneral deployment position

general deployment position/�d%en(ə)rəl d|�plɔmənt pə |�zʃ(ə)n/noun a pre-selected position that a unitor sub-unit will deploy to in the event ofwar. Abbr GDPgeneral headquarters

general headquarters /�d%en(ə)rəlhed |�kwɔ�təz/ plural noun the head-quarters of an army commander. AbbrGHQgeneral officer commanding

general officer commanding/�d%en(ə)rəl �ɒfsə kə|�mɑ�ndŋ/ noun


general of the air force 108

the commander of a large army group-ing (usually a division). Abbr GOCgeneral of the air force

general of the air force/�d%en(ə)rəl əv ð �eə �fɔ�s/ noun thetop rank in the US Air Force (equivalentto the British marshal of the RAF).Abbr Gengeneral of the army

general of the army /�d%en(ə)rəl əvð �ɑ�mi/ noun the top rank in the USArmy (equivalent to a British field-mar-shal)general purpose

general purpose /�d%en(ə)rəl�p$�pəs/ adjective suitable for a varietyof different uses. Abbr GPgeneral purpose bomb

general purpose bomb/�d%en(ə)rəl �p$�pəs �bɒm/ noun abomb which is simply dropped onto atarget by an aircraft. Also called GPbomb. � ballistic bomb, iron bombgeneral purpose machine-gun

general purpose machine-gun/�d%en(ə)rəl �p$�pəs mə|�ʃi�n (�n/ noun1. a medium-sized machine-gun whichcan be used for a variety of roles (suchas air defence, infantry weapon, sus-tained fire (SF), vehicle armament, etc.)2. a British-made 7.62mm machine-gunmodified from the Belgian-designedFN-MAG � abbr GPMGgeneral staff

general staff /�d%en(ə)rəl �stɑ�f/noun a staff which has supreme controlover a state’s armed forcesgenerator

generator /�d%enəretə/ noun a ma-chine designed for producing electricitygeneric planning

generic planning /d%ə|�nerk�pl�nŋ/ noun making plans for futureoperations where various elements havestill to be identifiedGeneva Convention

Geneva Convention /d% |�ni�və kən|

�venʃ(ə)n/ noun an international agree-ment concerning the conduct of militarypersonnel in war, and dealing with sub-jects such as treatment of prisoners,care of the wounded, protection of civil-ian lives and property, etc.genocide

genocide /�d%enəυsad/ noun thelarge-scale killing of people of a specif-ic nationality, ethnic background or sec-tarian groupGepard

Gepard /�(epɑ�d/ noun a German-de-signed self-propelled anti-aircraft gun

germ

germ /d%$�m/ noun a bacterium or vi-rus which causes a diseasegerm warfare

germ warfare /�d%$�m �wɔ�feə/ nounbiological warfareghetto

ghetto /�(etəυ/ noun the part of a city(usually with poor housing), which ispredominantly occupied by an ethnic orsectarian minorityghillie

ghillie /�(li su�t/, gillie suit noun acamouflaged suit worn by a sniper, con-sisting of a set of khaki overalls withlarge quantities of scrim sewn onto it, inorder to break up the outline of his bodyGHQ

GHQ abbreviation general headquar-tersGI

GI /�d%i� �a/ noun an American soldier(informal ) (NOTE: The plural form is Gis/�d%i� �az/.)Giant Viper

Giant Viper /�d%aənt �vapə/ nounan apparatus for clearing a lane througha minefield, consisting of a long lengthof flexible tube filled with explosive,which is fired into the minefield bymeans of a rocket, and then detonated �We require Giant Viper at grid 443659.� MICLICgillie suit

gillie suit /�(li su�t/ noun anotherspelling of ghillieGimlet

Gimlet /�(mlət/ noun an SA-16, Sovi-et-designed hand-held surface-to-airmissile (SAM)gimpy

gimpy /�d%mpi/ noun a general pur-pose machine-gun (GPMG) (slang)gipsy

gipsy /�d%psi/, gypsy noun a memberof an ethnic group of people who tradi-tionally lead a nomadic lifestylethroughout Europe and the Near East(NOTE: The plural form is gipsies orgypsies.)

COMMENT: The word gipsy is consid-ered by many people to be derogato-ry. A more acceptable alternativethese days is traveller.

give in

give in /�(v �n/ verb to admit that youhave been beaten � Groups of snipersare still refusing to give in.give up

give up /�(v ��p/ verb 1. to handsomething over � The enemy gave uptheir weapons without a fight. � Duringour attack they gave up several kilome-tres of territory. 2. to admit you cannotdo something � After trying for six


109 GP

hours to capture the hill they gave upand retreated to base.glacier

glacier /�(l�siə/ noun a large mass ofice in arctic or mountainous regions,which moves slowly downhillglasshouse

glasshouse /�(lɑ�shaυs/ noun a mil-itary prisonglen

glen /(len/ noun in Scotland and Ire-land, a valley in the mountainsglide bomb

glide bomb /�(lad bɒm/ noun an aer-odynamic bomb which is released by anaircraft several kilometres from its tar-get and which then makes a ballistic de-scent to the target controlled by a guid-ance systemglide path

glide path /�(lad pɑ�θ/ noun a pathwhich an aircraft follows as it comesdown from its cruising altitude in tolandglider

glider /�(ladə/ noun an aircraft with-out an engine, which is used to landtroops and is normally towed to thelanding zone by a powered aircraftglobal

global /�(ləυb(ə)l/ adjective relatingto the whole worldGlobal Positioning System

Global Positioning System/�(ləυb(ə)l pə|�zʃ(ə)nŋ �sstəm/ nouna satellite navigation system. Abbr GPSGlobemaster

Globemaster /�(ləυb|�mɑ�stə/ noun �C-17glory

glory /�(lɔ�ri/ noun fame and honouras a result of a great achievement (suchas winning a battle)GMT

GMT abbreviation Greenwich MeanTimeGnr

Gnr abbreviation gunnerGoa

Goa /�(əυə/ noun an SA-3, Soviet-de-signed short-range surface-to-air mis-sile (SAM)Goalkeeper

Goalkeeper /�(əυl|�ki�pə/ noun aDutch-designed radar-controlled 30mmnaval anti-aircraft cannon (CIWS),which automatically detects, tracks andengages targetsGOC

GOC abbreviation general officer com-mandinggofer

gofer /�(əυfə/ noun a person who goesand gets things for other people (slang)� Get one of the gofers to fetch my kit.

go firm

go firm /�(əυ �f$�m/ verb to stop mov-ing and take up a position of defence �

The platoon went firm on the edge of thewood. (NOTE: going – went – havegone)goggles

goggles /�(ɒ(lz/ plural noun specta-cles with plain glass lenses, for protect-ing the eyes from dust, rain, wind, etc. �He was wearing goggles.going

going /�(əυŋ/ noun conditions formovement (such as the state of theground, effects of enemy fire, amountof traffic, etc.) � The going was ex-tremely difficult.Golf

Golf /(ɒlf/ noun the seventh letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Gg)gong

gong /(ɒŋ/ noun a medal (slang)goose-egg

goose-egg /�(u�s e(/ noun a tacticalmap-marking symbol for a defended lo-cality, consisting of a circle or oval, in-tersected by a symbol for the size ofgrouping which occupies the locality �

You’ve marked B Company’s goose-eggon the wrong hill.goose-step

goose-step /�(u�s step/ noun a styleof ceremonial marching, with raisedsteps in which the leg is kept straight �

verb to march with the legs kept straight� The guards goose-stepped past thePresident’s tomb.Gopher

Gopher /�(əυfə/ noun an SA-13, So-viet-designed surface-to-air missile,usually attached to armoured and mech-anized groupingsgorge

gorge /(ɔ�d%/ noun a deep and narrowvalley (usually with rocky sides)gorse

gorse /(ɔ�s/ noun a bush with spikedleaves and yellow flowers (NOTE: TheIrish English term is furze)Gortex

Gortex /�(ɔ�teks/ trademark a trade-mark for a type of waterproof materialwhich allows condensation produced bya person’s body to escape through itgovernment

government /�(�v(ə)mənt/ noun anofficial body of people who control allthe activities of the state � The govern-ment is sending a task force to the area.Abbr GovtGovt

Govt abbreviation governmentGP

GP abbreviation general purpose


GP bomb 110GP bomb

GP bomb /�d%i� �pi� �bɒm/ noun sameas general purpose bombGp Capt

Gp Capt abbreviation group captainGPMG

GPMG abbreviation general purposemachine-gunGPO

GPO /�d%i� pi� �əυ/ noun an officer incharge of the guns of an artillery batterywhen they are deployed on the gun line.Full form gun position officer

COMMENT: The gun position officer(GPO) normally accompanies thecommander of the battle group whichhe is supporting.

GPS

GPS abbreviation Global PositioningSystemGR-7

GR-7 /�d%i� ɑ� �sevən/ noun � Harriergrade

grade /(red/ noun a level of profi-ciency, quality, rank, etc.gradient

gradient /�(rediənt/ noun the steep-ness of a slope

COMMENT: A gradient is usuallymeasured as a ratio, such as 1:4 (say‘one in four’).

Grail

Grail /(rel/ noun an SA-7, Soviet-de-signed hand-held optically-tracked sur-face-to-air missile (SAM)grain

grain /(ren/ noun 1. the edible seedsfrom cereal plants such as barley,maize, oats or wheat � This is a majorgrain-producing region. 2. a predomi-nant direction in which the high groundand rivers of a region run (thereby af-fecting the direction of routes) � We’llhave the disadvantage of advancingacross the grain of the country. � cross-graingrappling-hook

grappling-hook /�(r�plŋ( �hυk/noun a metal hook with three or moreprongs, which is attached to a rope, andcan be used as an aid to climbing or tocatch and drag in an object (especiallyone floating in water) � We used a grap-pling-hook to get over the wall.graticule

graticule /�(r�tkju�l/ noun one of anumber of fine lines visible in the lensof an optical instrument, as an aid tomeasuring distance or sighting objectsgrave

grave /(rɑ�v/ adjective serious orthreatening � The situation is extremelygrave. � noun a hole in the ground, inwhich a dead body is buried � They dis-

covered the bodies of women and chil-dren buried in shallow graves.

COMMENT: For reasons of hygieneand logistics, soldiers killed in actionare usually buried in temporarygraves on or close to the battlefield,until such a time as the bodies can bereturned home to relatives or, alter-natively, reburied in a proper militarycemetery.

Graves Registration Unit

Graves Registration Unit /�(revz�red%|�streʃ(ə)n �ju�nt/ noun a unitresponsible for recording the location oftemporary graves in wartimegraveyard

graveyard /�(revjɑ�d/ noun an areaof ground containing graves. � ceme-tery, churchyardgreen

green /(ri�n/ adjective 1. the colour ofvegetation 2. inexperienced � Thetroops were completely green.Green Berets

Green Berets /�(ri�n bə|�rez/ pluralnoun an American special forces unit;British marines; US Army airborne spe-cial forces organization. Compare BlueBerets, red beretsGreenwich Mean Time

Greenwich Mean Time /�(rentʃ�mi�n �tam/ noun the local time on themeridian at Greenwich, London; usedto calculate international time. AbbrGMT

COMMENT: Greenwich Mean Time isused by NATO forces on operationsand is referred to as Zulu time.

greeny

greeny /�(ri�n/ noun a strong plasticcontainer designed to carry two mortarrounds and fitted with a sling for man-packing (informal) � Greenies will bedumped at the company RV.gremlin

gremlin /�(remln/ noun an imaginarygoblin who is blamed for unexplainedmechanical failures in aircraft(informal ) � There must be a gremlin atwork in this plane!Gremlin

Gremlin /�(remln/ noun an SA-14,Soviet-designed hand-held surface-to-air missile (SAM)grenade

grenade /(r|�ned/, hand-grenade/h�nd (r|�ned/ noun a small bomb de-signed to be thrown by handgrenade launcher

grenade launcher /(r|�ned�lɔ�ntʃə/ noun a gun designed to firesmall explosive projectiles


111 groupinggrenade necklace

grenade necklace /(r|�ned�nekləs/ noun an improvised boobytrap, consisting of a series of grenadeswhich are secured to trees or other firmobjects, with trip-wires attached to thesafety-pinsgrenadier

grenadier /�(renə|�də/ noun an eliteinfantryman (historical )grid

grid /(rd/ noun 1. a system of num-bered squares printed on a map in orderto produce references to particularpoints 2. a grid reference � ‘Hello 2, thisis 22, request recovery at grid 559321,over.’ � The bridge is at grid 423019. 3.a framework of spaced parallel bars de-signed to prevent entry � The entranceto the tunnel was protected by a metalgrid.grid bearing

grid bearing /�(rd �beərŋ/ noun abearing obtained from a map using aprotractorgrid north

grid north /�(rd �nɔ�θ/ noun north asshown on a map. Compare magneticnorthgrid reference

grid reference /�(rd �ref(ə)rəns/noun a six-figure or eight-figure refer-ence, obtained from the coordinates of amap grid, used to denote an exact loca-tion on the map � The grid reference forthe church is 656364. Also called mapreferencegrid square

grid square /�(rd �skweə/ noun asegment of a map grid formed by twoeastings and two northings, normallyshowing an area of one square kilome-tre (NOTE: The horizontal lines of a mapgrid and their coordinates are known asnorthings, while the vertical lines andtheir coordinates are known as east-ings.)Gripen

Gripen /�(rpən/ noun � Saab-39groom

groom /(ru�m/ noun a person wholooks after a horseground

ground /(raυnd/ noun the surface ofthe earth � to give ground to withdraw� the enemy was forced to give ground� verb 1. to stop an aircraft from flying� The squadron was grounded by fog. 2.to stop a pilot or member of an aircrewfrom flying � He was grounded until theinvestigation was completed.

ground attack

ground attack /�(raυnd ə|�t�k/ nounan attack by aircraft on a target on thegroundground component

ground component noun all groundforces, including marines (which areactually part of the navy)ground controlled interception

ground controlled interception/�(raυnd kən|�trəυld �ntə |�sepʃən/noun full form of GCIground crew

ground crew /�(raυnd kru�/ noun airforce personnel who maintain an air-craft, but do not fly in itground forces

ground forces /�(raυnd �fɔ�sz/ plu-ral noun military forces which operateon the ground, such as armour, artillery,engineers, infantry, etc. Also calledland forcesground of tactical importance

ground of tactical importance/�(raυnd əv �t�ktk(ə)l m|�pɔ�təns/noun an area of ground which, if cap-tured by the enemy, could seriously af-fect a unit or sub-unit’s ability to fulfilits mission. � vital groundground personnel

ground personnel /�(raυnd stɑ�f/,ground staff noun non-flying person-nel of an air-force unitgroundsheet

groundsheet /�(raυndʃi�t/ noun awaterproof sheet which can be spreadon the ground or used to construct animprovised shelter

COMMENT: In many armies, thegroundsheet can also be used as awaterproof cape or poncho.

ground staff

ground staff /�(raυnd stɑ�f/ nounsame as ground personnelground zero

ground zero /�(raυnd �zərəυ/ nouna point on the ground directly under theexplosion of a nuclear weapongroup

group /(ru�p/ noun 1. a number ofpeople or things which are close togeth-er � a group of trees 2. a number of peo-ple who work together 3. a division ofthe air force � verb to organize peopleor things into groups � The recruitswere grouped into squads.group captain

group captain /�(ru�p �k�ptn/ nouna senior officer in the air force, above awing commander. Abbr Gp Captgrouping

grouping /�(ru�pŋ/ noun 1. a numberof people, vehicles or sub-units organ-ized together for a specific role (such asa brigade, company, regiment, squad-


Grumble 112

ron, etc.) 2. a group of bullet-holes in atarget, made by several shots whichhave been fired in order to test the accu-racy of the weapon � Your grouping istwo inches to the right of the aimingmark.Grumble

Grumble /�(r�mb(ə)l/ noun an SA-10, Soviet-designed medium-range sur-face-to-air missile (SAM)grunt

grunt /(r�nt/ noun US an infantryman(slang)guard

guard /(ɑ�d/ noun 1. a person whoprotects other people or things � Thereare four guards at the front gate. 2. aperson who keeps control of prisoners �The prisoners managed to kill theirguards. 3. a military force assigned toprotect other people or things � theChanging of the Guard a ceremonialparade in which a detachment of sol-diers who are guarding a royal or presi-dential palace hands over to another de-tachment 4. � the Guards elite troops,who traditionally guard a monarch orhead of state (such as a president) � theNational Guard US a volunteer forceof part-time soldiers, which can be usedfor home defence or the maintenance ofpublic order, but is not deployed outsidethe USA � verb 1. to protect other peo-ple or things 2. to keep control of pris-onersguard dog

guard dog /�(ɑ�d dɒ(/ noun a dogtrained to attack intrudersguard force

guard force /�(ɑ�d fɔ�s/ noun a forceassigned to cover a likely enemy ap-proachguard of honour

guard of honour /�(ɑ�d əv �ɒnə/,honour guard noun a detachment ofservicemen assigned to salute a digni-tary on a parade or other formal occa-sionguardroom

guardroom /�(ɑ�drυm/ noun a securelocation in a barracks or base, providinga command post and accommodationfor the guard and also secure accommo-dation for prisonersguardsman

guardsman /�(ɑ�dzmən/ noun 1. amember of an elite guards regiment 2. aprivate soldier in the Brigade of Guards� abbr Gdsm

guerrilla

guerrilla /(ə |�rlə/, guerilla noun an ir-regular soldier fighting against regulartroops. � partisanguidance

guidance /�(ad(ə)ns/ noun 1. theprocess of directing someone or some-thing to a destination 2. advice or super-vision � He is able to work withoutguidance.guidance system

guidance system /�(ad(ə)ns�sstəm/ noun a component which di-rects a missile towards its targetguide

guide /(ad/ noun 1. a person whoshows another person the way to a des-tination � Local guides led the soldiersover the mountain pass. 2. written in-structions � You will find the safety in-structions set out in the guide. � verb 1.to show someone the way to a destina-tion � They tried to find some local mento guide them across the desert. 2. to ad-vise someone how to carry out a task �

We must be guided by our instructionsfrom HQ.guided

guided /�(add/ adjective equippedwith a guidance system or by remotecontrolguided missile

guided missile /�(add �msal/noun a missile which is directed to itstarget by a guidance system or by re-mote controlguided weapon

guided weapon /�(add �wepən/noun a weapon whose projectile is di-rected to its target by a guidance systemor by remote controlGuideline

Guideline /�(adlan/ noun an SA-2,Soviet-designed medium-range sur-face-to-air missile (SAM)Guild

Guild /(ld/ noun an SA-1, Soviet-de-signed medium-range surface-to-airmissile (SAM)gulf

gulf /(�lf/ noun a very large area of seapartly enclosed by land � oil explora-tion in the Gulf of Mexico � the Gulf 1.the Persian Gulf � I was in the Gulf or Iserved in the Gulf 2. Gulf War I or GulfWar II � � (all senses) Desert StormGulf War I

Gulf War I /�(�lf wɔ� �w�n/ noun theGulf War of 1991, following the inva-sion of Kuwait by IraqGulf War II

Gulf War II /�(�lf wɔ� �tu�/ noun thewar fought in the spring of 2003 against


113 gypsy

Iraq by a coalition of US, British, Span-ish and other forcesGulf War Syndrome

Gulf War Syndrome /�(�lf �wɔ��sndrəυm/ noun the general name forvarious unexplained medical conditionssuffered by servicemen after the firstGulf War of 1991gully

gully /�(�li/ noun a small re-entrantgun

gun /(�n/ noun 1. any type of firearm2. an artillery piecegunboat

gunboat /�(�nbəυt/ noun a small ves-sel with heavy guns, designed to oper-ate in shallow watersgunboat diplomacy

gunboat diplomacy /�(�nbəυt d|

�pləυməsi/ noun political negotiationsupported by the threat of military ac-tiongun cotton

gun cotton /�(�n �kɒtən/ noun a typeof explosivegun crew

gun crew /�(�n kru�/ noun soldierswho operate an artillery piecegunfire

gunfire /�(�nfaə/ noun the firing ofguns � We could hear gunfire in the dis-tance.gung-ho

gung-ho /�(�ŋ �həυ/ adjective veryeager to take military action (informal )� The general is a very gung-ho type.gun group

gun group /�(�n (ru�p/ noun an in-fantry machine-gunner and his loadergun layer

gun layer /�(�n �leə/ noun a personwho aims an artillery piecegun line

gun line /�(�n lan/ noun the fire posi-tion of a batterygunman

gunman /�(�nmən/ noun a personequipped with a firearm for criminal orterrorist purposesgunner

gunner /�(�nə/ noun 1. an artillerysoldier � the Gunners the Royal Artil-lery 2. a private in the artillery. AbbrGnr 3. a warrant officer or senior non-commissioned officer in charge of abattery on a warshipgunnery

gunnery /�(�nəri/ noun the training inand operational use of artillery or largecalibre gunsgunnery officer

gunnery officer /�(�nəri �ɒfsə/noun an officer responsible for gunnerywithin a unit or warship

gunnery sergeant

gunnery sergeant /�(�nəri�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun US a senior non-com-missioned officer (SNCO) in the ma-rines who acts as operations and train-ing coordinator for a companygunny

gunny /�(�ni/ abbreviation US gun-nery sergeantgun position officer

gun position officer /�(�n pə|

�zʃ(ə)n �ɒfsə/ noun full form of GPOgunpowder

gunpowder /�(�n|�paυdə/ noun anobsolete explosive substance, used aspropellant for muzzle-loading firearmsgunrunner

gunrunner /�(�n|�r�nə/ noun a personwho imports weapons illegally � Gun-runners are supplying weapons to theguerrillas.gun salute

gun salute /�(�n sə |�lu�t/ noun agreeting made by firing guns � TheQueen’s birthday is celebrated by a 21-gun salute.gunship

gunship /�(�nʃp/ noun another namefor certain types of ground-attack air-craft (both fixed-wing and rotary) e.g.AC-130, Mi-24, etc. � (helicopter)gunship heavily armed attack helicop-tergunsight

gunsight /�(�nsat/ noun a device ona weapon, which is used by the firer toaim at a targetgunsmith

gunsmith /�(�nsmθ/ noun a personwho makes firearms � Local gunsmithsare producing good copies of the AK-47assault weapon.gunwale

gunwale /�(�n(ə)l/ noun the top edgeof the side of a boat or ship � Our onlyair defence was a couple of machine-guns clamped to the gunwale.Gurkha

Gurkha /�($�kə/ noun an inhabitant ofthe mountains in Nepal, serving in aGurkha regiment of the British or Indi-an Armygut

gut /(�t/ noun the intestine � to haveguts to be braveguy

guy /(a/ noun a man (slang)GW2

GW2 abbreviation Gulf War IIGWI

GWI abbreviation Gulf War Igypsy

gypsy /�d%psi/ noun another spellingof gipsy


HOTEL - HhH

H /etʃ/ noun a type of blister agent.Full form 2.2-dichloro-diethyl sul-phide. Also called Levenstein Mus-tardhack

hack /h�k/ verb 1. to chop or cut witha sharp tool or weapon � They hackedtheir way through the jungle. 2. � tohack into a programme to gain unau-thorised access to a computer pro-gramme � adverb (forward air control-ler jargon) minutes before an aircraftfires its weapons system at a target �

Hello G33, this is Cowboy, hack three,over.hackle

hackle /�h�k(ə)l/ noun a cluster offeathers worn in a military head-dresshaemorrhage

haemorrhage /�hem(ə)rd%/ nounloss of blood from a damaged blood-vessel � verb to suffer from a haemor-rhagehail

hail /hel/ noun small round pellets offrozen rain falling to the ground � hailof bullets, shrapnel heavy small armsor artillery fire � we advanced into ahail of bulletshalf-colonel

half-colonel /�hɑ�f �k$�nl/ noun alieutenant-colonelhalf-track

half-track /�hɑ�f tr�k/ noun an ar-moured military vehicle with twowheels in front and tracks at the rearHALO

HALO /�heləυ/ noun a covert methodof deploying troops by parachute: theaircraft flies at a very high altitude in or-der to avoid detection, and the parachut-ists then descend a considerable dis-tance through the air before openingtheir parachutes. Full form high alti-tude low openingHALO Trust

HALO Trust /�heləυ tr�st/ noun anon-governmental organization (NGO)

dedicated to clearing mines after thecessation of an armed conflicthalt

halt /hɔ�lt/ noun a temporary stop dur-ing a journey � After six hours marchingthrough jungle we decided to call a halt.� verb to stop moving (especially as acommand) � Halt, or I fire! � Halt!Who goes there? a traditional chal-lenge given by sentrieshamlet

hamlet /�h�mlət/ noun a very smallvillagehammock

hammock /�h�mək/ noun a bed,made from fabric or netting, which issuspended by cords from trees or walls(formerly traditionally used by seamen)hand

hand /h�nd/ noun any member of aship’s crew � All hands to action sta-tions!handcuff

handcuff /�h�ndk�f/ noun a pair oflockable metal bracelets joined by ashort chain, which are used to bind thehands of a prisoner (handcuffs) � Thepoliceman produced a pair of hand-cuffs. � verb to secure a prisoner withhandcuffs � He was handcuffed andplaced in the vehicle. � plasticuffhand-grenade

hand-grenade /h�nd (r|�ned/, gre-nade /(r|�ned/ noun a small bomb de-signed to be thrown by hand. � grenadehandguard

handguard /�h�n(ɑ�d/ noun part ofan apparatus or machine, which pre-vents the operator from harming hishands while using it � The handguard ismade of wood.handgun

handgun /�h�nd(�n/ noun a smallgun designed to be held in one hand andfired without holding it to the shoulder.� pistol, revolverhandle

handle /�h�nd(ə)l/ noun part of an ob-ject, which enables it to be carried byhand � The machine-gun has a carrying


115 havoc

handle. � verb to operate with the hands� You should wear protective clothingwhen handling gas canisters.handset

handset /�h�ndset/ noun a radio ortelephone apparatus containing an ear-piece and mouth piece, which is de-signed to be held in the handhand-to-hand fighting

hand-to-hand fighting /�h�nd tə�h�nd �fatŋ/ noun close fighting, es-pecially with the bayonethangar

hangar /�h�ŋə/ noun a large buildingfor the housing of aircraftharass

harass /�h�rəs, hə|�r�s/ verb to attackagain and again in order to disrupt theenemy’s activitiesharassing fire

harassing fire US /hə |�r�sŋ �faə/noun a random artillery fire mission di-rected at a likely area of enemy activity,in order to disturb the enemy’s rest, dis-rupt his movements and inflict casual-ties, and so affect his moraleharbor

harbor /�hɑ�bə/ noun, verb US spell-ing of harbourharbour

harbour /�hɑ�bə/ noun 1. a natural orman-made place where ships can shel-ter from the weather � The ship was un-able to enter the harbour. 2. a securearea in the field, where units can restand reorganize before starting the nextphase of an operation � We set up a har-bour in the woods. � verb to provideshelter (especially for a deserter or es-caped prisoner) � He was arrested forharbouring an escaped prisoner.hardened aircraft shelter

hardened aircraft shelter/�hɑ�dənd �eəkrɑ�ft �ʃeltə/ noun fullform of HAShard-target

hard-target /�hɑ�d �tɑ�(ət/ verb tomove across ground in such a way asnot to present an easy target to the ene-my � We had to hard-target across thesquare.harm

harm /hɑ�m/ noun injury or damage �

He is safe from harm. � Was any harmdone to the radio? � verb to cause injuryor damage � I won’t let you harm theprisoners. � It is almost impossible toharm this device.HARM

HARM /hɑ�m/ noun an American-de-signed air-to-ground anti-radar missile

(ARM). Full form high-speed anti-ra-diation missileharmful

harmful /�hɑ�mf(ə)l/ adjective able tocause harmharmless

harmless /�hɑ�mləs/ adjective notable to cause harmharmonize

harmonize /�hɑ�mənaz/, harmoniseverb 1. to make things similar, to stand-ardize operations 2. to make sure thatall guns on an aircraft are aimed at thesame targetharness

harness /�hɑ�ns/ noun straps whichfasten a piece of equipment to a per-son’s body � His parachute harnesswas not attached properly.Harpoon

Harpoon /hɑ�|�pu�n/ noun an Ameri-can-designed anti-ship missileHarrier

Harrier /�h�rə/ noun a British-de-signed fighter aircraft with a verticaltake-off capability � Sea Harrier amultirole fighter, designed to operatefrom aircraft carriersHarrier AV-8

Harrier AV-8 /�h�rə �e vi� �et/ nounan American ground-attack variant, de-signed to operate from aircraft carriersand certain other shipsHarrier GR-7

Harrier GR-7 /�h�rə �d%i� ɑ� �sevən/noun a British multirole variant, whichis specially useful for ground attackHAS

HAS /�etʃ e �es/ noun a shelter de-signed to protect an aircraft from artil-lery, bomb or missile attack. Full formhardened aircraft shelterhash marks

hash marks /�h�ʃ mɑ�ks/ pluralnoun a stripe sewn on US Army uni-forms, one for every two years of activedutyhatch

hatch /h�tʃ/ noun an opening in anaircraft, ship or vehicle, which is fittedwith a coverhaven

haven /�hev(ə)n/ noun 1. an old-fash-ioned word for harbour 2. a place ofsafetyhaversack

haversack /�h�vəs�k/ noun a canvasor webbing bag, carried slung over theshoulderhavoc

havoc /�h�vək/ noun great confusion� to cause havoc in, to wreak havoc onto throw something into confusion � At-mospherics wrought havoc on our com-munications.


Havoc 116Havoc

Havoc /�h�vək/ noun the NATO namefor the Soviet-designed Mi-28 attackhelicopterHawkeye

Hawkeye /�hɔ�ka/ noun see � E-2hawser

hawser /�hɔ�zə/ noun a thick metalwire or rope used to moor or tow a ship.Also called cablehaybox

haybox /�hebɒks/ noun an insulatedcontainer, designed to keep food hot forseveral hours � The food was broughtup to the position in hayboxes.hazard

hazard /�h�zəd/ noun a dangerhazard beacon

hazard beacon /�h�zəd �bi�kən/noun a warning beacon indicating thatthere is some danger to aircrafthaze

haze /hez/ noun a reduction in visibil-ity caused by dust or hot airHCN

HCN /�etʃ si� �en/ noun a type of bloodagent. Full form hydrogen cyanide.Also called ACHD

HD /�etʃ �di�/ noun a type of blisteragent. Full form 2.2-dichloro-diethylsulphide. Also called Distilled Mus-tard (NOTE: HD is simply a purer form ofH (Levinstein Mustard))HE

HE abbreviation high explosive � nouna projectile or other explosive ordnancecontaining high explosive � Load withHE!head check

head check /�hed tʃek/ noun a checkto establish that everyone is present �

He took a quick head check and foundtwo men missing.headcount

headcount /�hedkaυnt/ noun an actof counting people � The sergeant did aquick headcount.head-dress

head-dress /�hed dres/ noun a cap orhat worn as part of a uniformheading

heading /�hedŋ/ noun 1. a direction �We moved on a heading of 3.340 mils. 2.a title at the head of a page or part of adocument � He prepared his report un-der a number of headings.Head of Mission

Head of Mission /�hed əv �mʃ(ə)n/noun the person in charge of a nationalor international mission to a particularcountry. Abbr HOMheadquarters

headquarters /hed |�kwɔ�təz/ pluralnoun 1. an administrative and commandcentre of a tactical grouping 2. the staffof a headquarters � Brigade headquar-

ters are being accommodated in theschool. � abbr HQheads

heads /hedz/ noun toilets on a ship (orin a naval or marine establishment)headset

headset /�hedset/ noun part of a radioor other audio-equipment, consisting ofa set of earphones, sometimes with amicrophone attached for speaking,which is worn on the head and is used tolisten to transmissions or signalsheads-up

heads-up /�hedz ��p/ noun US notifi-cation by a commander to his subordi-nate commanders, informing them whathe is thinking of doing

COMMENT: A heads-up should not beconfused with a warning order,which is issued when the commanderhas definitely decided what he is go-ing to do.

head-up display

head-up display /�hed ��p d|�sple/noun full form of HUDhead wind

head wind /�hed wnd/ noun a windblowing in the opposite direction to thatin which an aircraft or ship is travellinghearts and minds

hearts and minds /�hɑ�ts ənd�manz/ noun � to win the hearts andminds of the population the philoso-phy of trying to win the support of thecivilian population in your area of oper-ations (e.g. by ensuring good behaviourof troops, providing free medical care,assistance to local authorities, enter-tainment, etc)heat

heat /hi�t/ noun the state of being hot.� heat-seeking missileHEAT

HEAT /hi�t/ noun an anti-tank projec-tile with a shaped-charge warhead �

Load with HEAT! � The tank was de-stroyed by a HEAT round. Full formhigh explosive anti-tankheat exhaustion

heat exhaustion /�hi�t (|

�zɔ�stʃ(ə)n/ noun physical collapse,which is caused by carrying out intensephysical activity (e.g. running) in hotweather, and is potentially fatal � We’vegot three cases of heat exhaustion.heath

heath /hi�θ/ noun an uncultivated areaof dry sandy soil, covered with bracken,heather and small bushesheather

heather /�heðə/ noun a low-growingplant with wooden stems and purple


117 H-Hour

flowers, which covers wide areas ofground on heathland and moorlandheathland

heathland /�hi�θl�nd/ noun terrainconsisting mainly of heathheat-seeking missile

heat-seeking missile /�hi�t si�kŋ�msal/ noun a missile equipped with aguidance system which homes in on asource of heat (such as the jet pipes ofan aircraft engine)heave to

heave to /�hi�v �tu/ verb to bring aship to a halt � Heave to immediately! �We were ordered to heave to.heavy

heavy /�hevi/ adjective 1. weighing alot � The troops moved through the jun-gle carrying heavy packs. 2. difficult tolift or support � The firing-post is tooheavy for one man to carry. 3. intense �We came under heavy fire. 4. (of weap-ons) having a large calibre � Theymoved up heavy artillery.Heckler & Koch

Heckler & Koch /�heklə ənd �kɒk/noun a German-designed 7.62mm as-sault weaponhedge

hedge /hed%/, hedgerow /�hed%rəυ/noun a fence made of living plantsheight

height /hat/ noun vertical distancefrom the groundhel

hel abbreviation helicopterHELARM

HELARM /�helɑ�m/ noun the use of at-tack helicopters in support of groundforces � HELARM is available on re-quest.helicopter

helicopter /�helkɒptə/ noun an air-craft without wings, which obtains itsupward lift by means of horizontally ro-tating blades (known as rotors), whichare fitted to the top of the airframeheliograph

heliograph /�hi�lə|�(rɑ�f/ noun a sig-nalling device which uses a mirror toproduce flashes of sunlight � I used myshaving-mirror as a heliograph.helipad

helipad /�helip�d/ noun a preparedlanding and take-off area for helicoptersHellfire

Hellfire /�helfaə/ noun an American-designed laser-guided air-to-groundmissilehelm

helm /helm/ noun a wheel or bar withwhich a ship or boat is steered � to takethe helm to start steering a shiphelmet

helmet /�helmt/ noun a protectivehead covering

helo

helo /�hi�ləυ/ noun US a helicopter(informal)hemisphere

hemisphere /�hemsfə/ noun half ofthe earth’s surfacehemorrhage

hemorrhage /�hemərd%/ noun, verbUS spelling of haemorrhageHerc

Herc /h$�k/ noun an informal name forthe Hercules C-130 transport aircraftHercules

Hercules /�h$�kju�li�z/ noun � C-130Her Majesty’s Ship

Her Majesty’s Ship /�h$��m�d%əstiz �ʃp/ noun full form ofHMShero

hero /�hərəυ/ noun a man acknowl-edged by other people to have carriedout an act of bravery � He was the heroof the battle.heroine

heroine /�herəυn/ noun a woman ac-knowledged by other people to havecarried out an act of bravery � The me-dia are calling her a heroine.heroism

heroism /�herəυz(ə)m/ noun braveryin the face of dangerHESH

HESH /heʃ/ noun an anti-armour war-head which flattens on impact beforeexploding, thereby creating a shockwave which causes part of the armour’sinterior surface to break off and ricochetaround the inside of the vehicle � Loadwith HESH! � We used HESH to destroythe bunker. Full form high explosivesquash-head. � spall

COMMENT: HESH can also be used asa general purpose high explosiveround by tanks and other large cali-bre direct-fire guns.

hessian

hessian /�hesən/ noun a coarse fabricused as camouflage or to make sand-bags (NOTE: The American English termis burlap.)HET

HET /�etʃ i�|�ti�, het/ noun US a largewheeled vehicle designed to carry atank or other armoured vehicle overlong distances by road. Full form heavyequipment transporter. � tank trans-porterHF

HF abbreviation high frequencyH-Hour

H-Hour /�etʃ �aυə/ noun the time atwhich an operation is due to begin � H-minus-ten ten minutes before H-Hour �H-plus-ninety ninety minutes after H-Hour � H-minus-three hours three


hide 118

hours before H-hour � H-plus-fivehours five hours after H-hourhide

hide /had/ noun 1. a concealed loca-tion where a unit or sub-unit can rest orwait in reserve � B Company is in a hideat grid 221434. 2. a hiding place usedby guerrillas or terrorists to concealweapons or explosives � There is aweapons hide in the wood. � verb 1. toconceal something � He hid the gun inthe attic. 2. to conceal yourself � Theywere hiding in the cellar. (NOTE: hiding– hid – has hidden)high altitude low opening

high altitude low opening /ha��lttju�d ləυ �əυp(ə)nŋ/ noun fullform of HALOHigh Command

High Command /�ha kə|�mɑ�nd/noun a senior command organizationwithin a country’s armed forceshigher formation

higher formation /�haə fɔ�|

�meʃ(ə)n/ noun a grouping to which asmaller grouping or sub-unit belongs �

Your request for a transfer has beenpassed to the higher formation.high explosive

high explosive /�ha k|�spləυsv/noun 1. a powerful explosive substanceused in bombs, grenades, shells, etc. 2.a bomb or projectile containing high ex-plosive. � HEAT, HESH � abbr HE

COMMENT: Ordnance containing highexplosive is normally painted darkgreen, with yellow lettering and mark-ings.

high explosive anti-tank

high explosive anti-tank /�ha k|

�spləυsv ��nti �t�ŋk/ noun full formof HEAThigh frequency

high frequency /�ha �fri�kwənsi/noun a range of radio frequencies from3 – 30 megahertz (Mhz). Abbr HFhighlander

highlander /�haləndə/ noun a mem-ber of a British infantry regiment whichtraditionally recruits its soldiers fromthe mountainous regions of Scotland �

The Argyll and Sutherland Highland-ers.high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle

high-mobility multipurposewheeled vehicle /�ha məυ |�bltim�lti|�p$�pəs �wi�ld �vi�k(ə)l/ nounfull form of HMMW-Vhigh-power microwave

high-power microwave /�ha �paυə�makrəwev/ noun full form of HPM

high-speed anti-radiation missile

high-speed anti-radiation mis-sile /�ha spi�d ��ŋti �redi|�eʃ(ə)n�msal/ noun full form of HARMhigh subsonic, optically guided, tube fire

high subsonic, optically guided,tube fire /�ha s�b|�sɒnk �ɒptk(ə)li�(add �tju�b �faə/ noun full form ofHOThigh-tech

high-tech /ha �tek/, hi-tech adjectiveusing very sophisticated technology(especially computers) � The enemy hasvery little hi-tech surveillance equip-ment. Full form high technologyhigh tide

high tide /�ha �tad/ noun the point atwhich the tide has risen to its highestlevel � The landing will take place athigh tide.high velocity

high velocity /�ha və|�lɒsəti/ adjec-tive (of projectiles) designed to travelfaster than the speed of sound � He washit by a high velocity bullet. Comparelow velocityhigh-velocity bullet

high-velocity bullet /�ha və|�lɒsti�bυlt/ noun a bullet which travels fasterthan the speed of soundhighway

highway /�hawe/ noun UK, US apublic roadhijack

hijack /�had%�k/ verb to seize controlof an aircraft or vehicle � The guerrillashijacked a truck and killed the driver.hijacker

hijacker /�had%�kə/ noun a personwho seizes control of an aircraft or ve-hicle � The hijackers threatened to blowup the plane if their demands were notmet.hill

hill /hl/ noun an area of high groundhillfort

hillfort /�hlfɔ�t/ noun an ancient forti-fication (usually an earthwork)hillock

hillock /�hlək/ noun a small hillHind

Hind /hand/ noun a NATO name forthe Soviet-designed Mi-24 and Mi-35attack helicopters and Mi-17hHip

Hip /hp/ noun a NATO name for theSoviet-designed Mi-8 and Mi-17 attackhelicoptershit

hit /ht/ noun a shot which strikes thetarget at which it is aimed � We scoreda direct hit on the fuel storage depot. �

verb 1. to shoot at a target successfully2. to strike a person or thing � Theycouldn’t hit an elephant at this distance– last words of Major General John


119 honour

Sedgewick at the Battle of Spotsylvania1864 (NOTE: hitting – hit)hit and run

hit and run /�ht ən �r�n/ noun an at-tack followed by immediate withdrawalof troops (informal)HL

HL /�etʃ �el/ noun a type of blisteragent

COMMENT: HL is a combination of theagents HD and L.

HLS

HLS abbreviation helicopter landingsiteHMMW-V

HMMW-V /�h�m vi�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed all-terrain vehicle (similarto a jeep). Full form high-mobilitymultipurpose wheeled vehicle. Alsocalled HummerHMS

HMS /�etʃ �em �es/ abbreviation prefixgiven to all ships of the Royal Navy andalso to some naval establishments � Iserved on board HMS Sheffield. Fullform Her Majesty’s ShipHN

HN /�etʃ �en/ noun a type of blisteragent. Full form nitrogen mustardHN-1

HN-1 /�etʃ �en w�n/ noun 2.2 9 dichlo-ro-triethylamineHN-2

HN-2 /�etʃ �en tu�/ noun 2.2 9 dichlo-ro-diethyl methylamineHN-3

HN-3 noun 2.2 9.2-trichloro-tri-ethylamineHNS

HNS abbreviation host nation supporthoax

hoax /həυks/ noun a false alarm in-tended to waste time and resources �

The bomb warning turned out to be ahoax.hog’s back

hog’s back /�hɒ(z b�k/ noun a ridgeof high groundHokum

Hokum /�həυkəm/ noun a NATOname for a Soviet-designed Ka-50 at-tack helicopterhold

hold /həυld/ noun a storage area in anaircraft or ship � We found three menhiding in the hold. � verb 1. to havesomething in your hand � He was hold-ing a pistol. 2. to have possession of �

The enemy are still holding the bridge.3. to prevent the enemy from capturing� We must hold this position until lastlight. 4. to keep someone in custody �

He is being held by the police.holding action

holding action /�həυldŋ ��kʃən/noun an operation intended to stop ene-

my forces from moving from their ex-isting positions, in order to keep themaway from another area of conflict or tocause them to use up suppliesholding attack

holding attack /�həυldŋ ə|�t�k/noun an attack mounted to halt the ad-vance of an enemy and keep him occu-pied, while other friendly forces con-duct operations elsewhere � 5 Brigadewill mount a holding attack aroundFallingbostel to enable the rest of thedivision to withdraw.hold on

hold on /�həυld �ɒn/ verb to wait for ashort period � Hold on, I haven’t fin-ished yet.hold out

hold out /�həυld �aυt/ verb to continueto defend or resist � Small units of theenemy are holding out in the mountains.� We can’t hold out much longer.hollow

hollow /�hɒləυ/ noun a depression inthe groundholster

holster /�həυlstə/ noun a carryingcase for a pistol, which is worn on a beltor harnessHOM

HOM abbreviation Head of Missionhome defence

home defence /�həυm d|�fens/ nounthe defence of a state’s own territory inthe event of war, as opposed to territorybelonging to another state � The divi-sion will be used for home defence.Compare civil defencehome in

home in /�həυm �n/ verb � to home inon something (of guidance systemsand locating equipment) to be guidedtowards something (such as an emissionof radiation, heat source, radio signal,etc.)home-made explosive

home-made explosive /�həυmmed k|�spləυsv/ noun an explosivesubstance manufactured by terrorists orcriminals from readily available ingre-dients (such as fertilizer)homogeneous

homogeneous /�həυməυ|�d%i�niəs/adjective � rolled homogeneous ar-mourhonor

honor /�ɒnə/ noun, verb US spelling ofhonourhonorable

honorable /�ɒnərəb(ə)l/ adjective USspelling of honourablehonour

honour /�ɒnə/ noun 1. a moral code ofconduct � Never surrendering to the en-


honourable 120

emy is a matter of honour. 2. an officialor public recognition of a person’sachievement � verb to acknowledge aperson’s achievementhonourable

honourable /�ɒn(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective1. behaving in a good and moral way 2.worthy of honourhonour guard

honour guard /�(ɑ�d əv �ɒnə/, guardof honour noun a detachment of serv-icemen assigned to salute a dignitary ona parade or other formal occasionhooch

hooch /hu�tʃ/ noun US an improvisedshelter, usually with some protectionfrom enemy fire (informal ) � Make surethat your hooches are well camou-flaged.Hook

Hook /hυk/ noun a NATO name for theSoviet-designed Mi-6 transport heli-copterhorizon

horizon /hə|�raz(ə)n/ noun a line inthe far distance, on which the sky andground appear to meet � Two ships ap-peared on the horizon.horn

horn /hɔ�n/ noun an instrument fittedto a vehicle, which makes a noise as awarning signal � One of the signals fora chemical attack is sounding the hornof your vehicle.Hornet

Hornet /�hɔ�nt/ noun � FA-18horse

horse /hɔ�s/ noun a large four-leggedanimal which can be ridden or used as atransport animal

COMMENT: Horses still play a promi-nent role in military life, especially inthe British Army. Horses are riddenon ceremonial occasions and thearmy encourages participation inequestrian sports such as polo, stee-plechasing, show jumping and fox-hunting. Although they are nowequipped with tanks, British andAmerican cavalry regiments still re-tain many of the traditions and ex-pressions from the days when theirtroopers fought on horseback.

hose

hose /həυz/ noun 1. a long flexibletube made of rubber or waterproof fab-ric, which is designed to convey liquidover a short distance and then pour itinto a container or over an object � Allvehicles should carry a hose for siphon-ing fuel. � The hoses weren’t longenough to reach the fire. 2. a long sock,reaching to just below the knee, which

is worn with shorts or a kilt (no pluralform) � The pipers were wearing kilts,tartan hose and spats.hose down

hose down /�həυz �daυn/ verb tospray an object with liquid from a hose� They hosed down the vehicles.hospital

hospital /�hɒspt(ə)l/ noun an estab-lishment which provides surgery, medi-cal treatment and nursing to ill and in-jured peoplehost

host /həυst/ noun a person who invitesother people as guestshostage

hostage /�hɒstd%/ noun a personwho is seized and held, in order to forceother people to do something (e.g. pay-ing a sum of money) or to deter themfrom doing something (e.g. attackingsoldiers) � The aim of the operation isto secure the release of the hostages.(NOTE: The verb form is to take some-one hostage.)hostile

hostile /�hɒstal/ adjective 1. enemy �All aircraft should be considered hos-tile. 2. unfriendly � He was extremelyhostile towards me.

COMMENT: Hostile is normally used torefer to the forces of a state which isaggressive and threatening towardsyour own country, but not officially atwar. Enemy is used when war hasactually been declared.

hostilities

hostilities /hɒ|�stltiz/ plural nounmilitary actionhostility

hostility /hɒ|�stlti/ noun aggressiveor threatening behaviour directed to-wards another person or statehost nation

host nation /�həυst �neʃ(ə)n/ noun anation which receives NATO forces onits territoryhost nation support

host nation support /�həυst�neʃ(ə)n sə |�pɔ�t/ noun support givenby a host nation to help NATO’s efforts.Abbr HNSHOT

HOT /hɒt/ noun a European-producedwire-guided anti-tank missile (ATGW).Full form high subsonic, opticallyguided, tube fireHotel

Hotel /həυ|�tel/ noun the eighth letterof the phonetic alphabet (Hh)hot LZ

hot LZ /�hɒt el �zed/ noun a landingzone which is under enemy fire (NOTE:


121 HUMINT

The British Army uses the phrase dropzone (DZ) for parachute landings.)hot pursuit

hot pursuit /�hɒt pə|�sju�t/ noun thepursuit of terrorists, guerrillas, etc., whohave just attacked someone � We areonly allowed to cross the border in theevent of a hot pursuit.hour

hour /aυə/ noun a unit of time, corre-sponding to sixty minutes. � H-Hour �

verb (used in the plural after a 4-digitnumber) to show the time � H-Hour isat 0600hrs.

COMMENT: Military timings are alwaysgiven using the twenty-four hourclock, usually followed by the wordhours which when written, is abbre-viated to hrs. Thus, 8.15am is0815hrs, 1pm is 1300hrs, 6.30pm is1830hrs, etc. (say ‘zero eight fifteenhours’, ‘thirteen hundred hours’,‘eighteen thirty hours’).

house arrest

house arrest /�haυs ə|�rest/ noun astate in which a person is detained in hisown homeHousehold

Household /�haυshəυld/ adjective re-lating to the elite troops who tradition-ally guard the monarchHousehold Cavalry

Household Cavalry /�haυshəυld�k�vəlri/ noun the Life Guards and theBlues and RoyalsHousehold Division

Household Division /�haυshəυld d|

�v%(ə)n/ noun the Household Cavalryand the Brigade of GuardsHousehold Troops

Household Troops /�haυshəυld�tru�ps/ noun the Household Divisionand the King’s Troop of the RoyalHorse Artilleryhousewife

housewife /�haυswaf/ noun a smallmending kit, consisting of needles,thread and spare buttonshover

hover /�hɒvə/ verb to remain in the airwithout moving in any direction � Thehelicopter hovered over the village.hovercraft

hovercraft /�hɒvəkrɑ�ft/ noun an am-phibious vehicle which travels overland or water supported on a cushion ofairhowitzer

howitzer /�haυtsə/ noun a short-bar-relled artillery piece designed to fireshells at high trajectoriesHPM

HPM noun a bomb which sends outpowerful electromagnetic impulses.

These can cause massive increases inelectrical power and so destroy an ene-my’s electrical and computer systems.Full form high-power microwaveHQ

HQ abbreviation headquartershrs

hrs abbreviation hoursHUD

HUD /h�d/ noun a display of instru-ment readings or other data, which isprojected onto the windscreen of an air-craft, so that the pilot doesn’t have tolook down at inconvenient moments.Full form head-up displayHuey

Huey /�hju�i/ noun an American-de-signed utility/transport helicopter (UH-1)Huey Cobra

Huey Cobra /�hju�i �kəυbrə/ noun anAmerican-designed AH-1 attack heli-copterhulk

hulk /h�lk/ noun 1. the body of an oldship, used as a target or as a floatingstorehouse 2. an old tank or other ar-moured vehicle, used as a target on arangehull

hull /h�l/ noun 1. the outer covering ofa ship or boat � Her hull almost touchedbottom as she was entering the harbour.2. the lower part of an armoured fight-ing vehicle � The explosion penetratedthe hull.hull-down

hull-down /�h�l daυn/ adjective posi-tioned so that only the top parts, such asthe turret of a tank are visible and ex-posed � We could see the enemy fleethull-down on the skyline. � The tankwas hull-down behind a wall.human intelligence

human intelligence /�hju�mən n|

�teld%əns/ noun full form of HUMINThumanitarian

humanitarian /hju�|�m�n|�teəriən/adjective intended to prevent or reducehuman suffering and hardship � Thebattalion is being sent to the disasterarea to give humanitarian assistance.human shield

human shield /�hju�mən �ʃi�ld/ noun1. a group of hostages who are placed ina location, in order to deter an attack onthat location 2. a group of hostages, be-hind whom a person positions himself,in order to deter people from shooting athimHUMINT

HUMINT /�hju�mnt, �h�mnt/ nouninformation about the enemy obtained


Hummer 122

from people (e.g. friendly forces,agents, civilians, POW). Full form hu-man intelligenceHummer

Hummer /�h�mə/ noun US an infor-mal nickname for the HMMW-V all-terrain vehiclehunter-killer

hunter-killer /�h�ntə|�klə/ noun asubmarine designed to locate and de-stroy other submarineshunter-killer submarine

hunter-killer submarine /�h�ntə�klə �s�bmə|�ri�n/ noun a submarinewhich is designed to locate and destroyenemy submarineshussar

hussar /hu|�zɑ�/ noun a light cavalry-man (historical )

COMMENT: Some armoured regi-ments still retain their historical title ofHussars.

hut

hut /h�t/ noun a simple wooden shelterHydra

Hydra /�hadrə/ noun an American-de-signed unguided rocket, designed to befired by an aircraft at a ground targethydrogen cyanide

hydrogen cyanide /�hadrəd%ən�saə|�nad/ noun a type of blood agent.Abbr HCNhygiene

hygiene /�had%i�n/ noun the practiceof keeping oneself and your surround-ings clean, in order to prevent disease. �sanitationhypothermia

hypothermia /�hapəυ|�θ$�miə/ nounan abnormally low body temperature,usually caused by exposure to wind,rain or extreme cold, which is potential-ly fatal � He was suffering from hypo-thermia.


INDIA - IiIAAG

IAAG /�a�(/ noun an IRA-designedhome-made hand-thrown grenade, con-taining a shaped-charge warhead whichis designed to explode when it hits theside of a vehicle � There have been sev-eral IAAG attacks over the past month.Full form improvised anti-armourgrenadeIA drill

IA drill /�a �e �drl/ noun a standardprocedure to be carried out in the eventof something going wrong (such as anambush, weapon misfire, equipmentmalfunction, etc.). Full form immedi-ate action drillIC

IC /�a �si�/, i/c abbreviation 1. in com-mand � 2IC second-in-command 2. incommand of or in charge of � He is i/crations.ICBM

ICBM abbreviation intercontinentalballistic missileice

ice /as/ noun frozen waterice up

ice up /�as ��p/ verb to become cov-ered with ice � The aircraft crashed be-cause the cockpit canopy had iced up.ICM

ICM /�a si� �em/ noun an artillery shellfilled with a quantity of anti-personnelor anti-tank bomblets, which is de-signed to explode in the air and scatterthe bomblets onto the target area below.Full form improved conventional mu-nitionICP

ICP /�a si� �pi�/ noun the location fromwhich the follow-up action to an inci-dent is controlled � ‘Hello 2, this is 22.ICP at grid 434621. Over.’ Full form in-cident control pointICRC

ICRC abbreviation International Com-mittee of the Red CrossID

ID /�a �di�/ noun (informal) 1. identity2. a proof of identity (such as an IDcard, driving licence, passport, etc.) �

Do you have any ID? 3. identification �He made a positive ID on the gunman.ID card

ID card /�a �di� �kɑ�d/ noun a card is-sued by a government or organizationas a means of identification. Also calledidentity cardID disc

ID disc /�e �di� �dsk/ noun a metal orplastic disc bearing a soldier’s personaldetails, which is worn round the neck.Also called identity disc, dog tagidentification

identification /a|�dentf|�keʃ(ə)n/noun an act of identifying someone orsomethingidentification beacon

identification beacon /a|�dentf|

�keʃ(ə)n �bi�kən/ noun a radio beaconwhich sends out a signal by which a ref-erence point can be identified. � IFFidentification card

identification card /a|�dentf|

�keʃ(ə)n �kɑ�d/ noun an ID cardidentification friend or foe

identification friend or foe /a|

�dentfkeʃ(ə)n �frend ɔ� �fəυ/ nounfull form of IFFidentify

identify /a|�dentfa/ verb 1. to estab-lish the identity of a person or thing �

We haven’t identified the dead man. 2.to recognise a person or thing � Heidentified the gunman.identity

identity /a|�dentti/ noun who a per-son is (i.e. name, date of birth, national-ity, etc.)identity card

identity card /a |�dentti kɑ�d/ nounsame as ID cardidentity disc

identity disc /a|�dentti dsk/ nounsame as ID discideology

ideology /�adi|�ɒləd%i/ noun a systemof ideas and principles (especially polit-ical)IED

IED /�a i� �di�/ noun a home-madebomb or mine. Full form improvisedexplosive device


IFF 124IFF

IFF /�a ef �ef/ noun technology carriedin an aircraft which utilizes coded radiosignals to identify other friendly air-craft. Full form identification friend orfoeIFV

IFV abbreviation infantry fighting vehi-cleII

II abbreviation 1. image intensification2. image intensifierIL-76

IL-76 /�a el sevənt �sks/ noun a So-viet-designed transport aircraft (NOTE:known to NATO as Candid)illegal immigrant

illegal immigrant /|�li�((ə)l�m(rənt/ noun an immigrant who en-ters a country without official permis-sion to do so � Our main role is to catchand arrest illegal immigrants.Illum

Illum /|�lu�m/ abbreviation illumina-tion roundilluminate

illuminate /|�lu�mnet/ verb to lightup (with artificial light)illumination

illumination /|�lu�m|�neʃ(ə)n/ nounartificial lightillumination round

illumination round /|�lu�m|

�neʃ(ə)n �raυnd/ noun an artillery ormortar projectile designed to producelight. Abbr illum

COMMENT: Illumination rounds areusually painted white, with black let-tering and markings.

image

image /�md%/ noun the appearanceof an object as viewed through an opti-cal instrument or other equipment (suchas a thermal imager, radar, etc.)image intensification

image intensification /�md% n|

�tensf|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun passive night-viewing technology which utilizes nat-ural light (such as ambient light, moon-light, starlight). Abbr IIimage intensifier

image intensifier /�md% n|

�tensfaə/ noun a night-viewing devicewhich uses image intensification. AbbrIIimmediate action drill

immediate action drill /|�mi�diət��kʃən �drl/ noun full form of IA drillimmersion foot

immersion foot /|�m$�ʃ(ə)n �fυt/noun a severe fungal infection of thefeet, caused by wearing wet boots overa long period. Also known as trenchfoot

immigrant

immigrant /�m(rənt/ noun a personwho enters a foreign country in order tolive thereimmobilize

immobilize / |�məυblaz/, immobi-lise verb 1. to do something to a vehi-cle, so that it cannot be driven 2. to dosomething to a machine or weapon, sothat it does not work. Compare mobi-lizeimpact

impact /�mp�kt/ noun an act of oneobject hitting another objectimpact area

impact area /�mp�kt �eəriə/ nounthe part of a live firing range where pro-jectiles strike or come to restimpassable

impassable /m|�pɑ�səb(ə)l/ adjec-tive impossible to travel over, throughor across � The mountain roads are im-passable in winter.implementation

implementation /�mplmən |

�teʃ(ə)n/ noun putting something intoeffectimplementation plans

implementation plans /�mplmən |

�teʃ(ə)n pl�nz/ plural noun planswhich allow NATO commanders to putinto action operations which have beenagreed between NATO and local forcesimpregnable

impregnable /m|�pre(nəb(ə)l/ ad-jective (of fortifications) impossible totake by force � The guerillas are basedin impregnable hilltop camps.improved conventional munition

improved conventional munition/m|�pru�vd kən|�venʃənəl mju�|

�nʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of ICMimprovise

improvise /�mprəvaz/ verb to do ormake something without any properplanning � We improvised a shelter outof branches.improvised anti-armour grenade

improvised anti-armour grenade/�mprəvazd ��nti �ɑ�mə (r|�ned/noun full form of improvised anti-ar-mour grenadeimprovised explosive device

improvised explosive device/�mprəvazd k|�spləυsv d|�vas/noun a home-made bomb, booby-trapor mine. Abbr IEDIMR

IMR /�a em �ɑ�/ noun a Soviet-de-signed armoured engineer vehicleinaccessible

inaccessible /�nək|�sesb(ə)l/ adjec-tive impossible to get to � The villagewas inaccessible after the bridge wasdestroyed.


125 indoctrinateinactive

inactive /n |��ktv/ adjective not oper-ating or workingincapacitating agent

incapacitating agent /�nkə|

�p�stetŋ �ed%ənt/ noun a chemicaldesigned to cause mental confusionincendiary

incendiary /n|�sendiəri/ adjective de-signed to set things on fire � incendiarybomb � incendiary grenade � noun aperson who sets buildings, vehicles orother objects on fire as an act of sabo-tage � Several incendiaries have beenarrested.incendiary bomb

incendiary bomb /n|�sendiəri bɒm/noun a bomb designed to set buildingsalightincendiary bullet

incendiary bullet, incendiaryround noun a bullet which is designedto ignite after firing and burn in flight,so that the fall of shot can be observed.Also called tracer bulletinch

inch /ntʃ/ noun a unit of linear meas-ure corresponding to 2.54 centimetres(NOTE: Inch is sometimes representedas in (8in), or as ‘(8’))incident

incident /�nsd(ə)nt/ noun a signifi-cant event (such as an accident, explo-sion, terrorist attack, etc.) � Three peo-ple were injured in the incident. � Theobservers reported no further incidentsduring the night.incident control point

incident control point /�nsd(ə)ntkən|�trəυl �pɔnt/ noun full form of in-cident control pointincite

incite /n|�sat/ verb to encourage otherpeople to do something (normally actsof disorder) � He was inciting the crowdto attack the police.incline

incline /n|�klan/ noun a slopeinclusive

inclusive /n|�klu�sv/ adjective in-cluding � Our area is inclusive of themain road. Compare exclusiveincoming

incoming /�nk�mŋ/ noun artilleryfire which is landing or about to land onyour positionincompetent

incompetent /n|�kɒmpt(ə)nt/ ad-jective unable to perform your role sat-isfactorily (due to lack of knowledge ormotivation)incursion

incursion /n|�k$�ʃ(ə)n/ noun an act ofentering the territory of another state,without the authorization or permission

of that state (usually for offensive pur-poses)indecent assault

indecent assault /n |�di�sənt ə|�sɔ�lt/noun a sexual assault on a person whichdoes not go as far as actual rape � An al-legation of indecent assault has beenmade against you. (NOTE: The verb formis to indecently assault – Many of thefemale prisoners had been indecentlyassaulted.)indecisive

indecisive /�nd|�sasv/ adjective 1.unable to make decisions easily � He isvery indecisive. 2. having no clear result� The battle was indecisive.indent

indent noun /�ndent/ an official re-quest for ammunition, equipment, ra-tions, etc. � All indents are to be submit-ted by 2200hrs. � verb /n |�dent/ to sub-mit an official request for ammunition,equipment, rations, etc. � He indentedfor winter clothing.India

India /�ndiə/ noun the ninth letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Ii)indicate

indicate /�ndket/ verb 1. to drawsomeone’s attention to something � Heindicated a tree on the skyline. 2. (of ve-hicles) to signal the intention to turn leftor right � The lorry indicated left.indication

indication /�nd|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of indicating somethingindicator

indicator /�ndketə/ noun an instru-ment which shows somethingindicator lights

indicator lights /�ndketə �lats/plural noun a flashing light on a motorvehicle, which indicates that the driveris turning to the left or rightindirect fire

indirect fire /�ndarekt �faə/ nounfire of weapons which are not pointeddirectly at the target (i.e. artillery ormortar fire)indirect weapon

indirect weapon /�ndarekt�wepən/ noun a weapon which is notpointed directly at its target (e.g. an ar-tillery piece or mortar)indiscriminate

indiscriminate /�nd |�skrmnət/ ad-jective not aimed at a particular target,or not done according to a planindoctrinate

indoctrinate /n|�dɒktrnet/ verb toteach political, religious or nationalistideas in such a way that a person ac-cepts them without question


inf 126inf

inf abbreviation infantryinfantier

infantier /�nfən|�tə/ noun an expo-nent of infantry tactics � Of course, theinfantiers among us may disagree withme on this point.infantry

infantry /�nfəntri/ noun soldiers whofight on foot � The infantry will ad-vance at daybreak. � The infantry attackwas beaten back.

COMMENT: Although most modern in-fantry are now equipped with someform of vehicle to move them aroundthe battlefield, their basic role re-mains to get out of the vehicles andfight on foot with the rifle and bayo-net. ‘Infantry is the queen of battles’.[Napier]

infantry fighting vehicle

infantry fighting vehicle /�nfəntri�fatŋ �vi�k(ə)l/ noun an armouredpersonnel carrier, fitted with a gun orcannon, which is designed to transport asection of infantry around the battle-field and provide them with fire supportonce they are fighting on foot. Abbr IFVinfantryman

infantryman /�nfəntrimən/ noun aninfantry soldier � British infantrymenare famous for their discipline.infect

infect /n |�fekt/ verb to transmit a dis-ease or illness � The whole arm soonbecame infected.infectious

infectious /n|�fekʃəs/ adjective (ofdiseases) capable of being transmittedto other people � This strain of flu ishighly infectious.inferior

inferior /n|�fəriə/ adjective 1. of alower rank than another person � A cor-poral is inferior to a sergeant. 2. small-er or weaker than something else � Theenemy artillery had an inferior rate offire to our guns. 3. of worse quality thansomething else � Our boots are inferiorto those of the Germans. � noun a per-son who holds a lower rank than anoth-er person � He always treats his inferi-ors with respect. Compare superiorinfestation team

infestation team /�nfes|�teʃən�ti�m/ noun a small special forcesgrouping, which operates behind ene-my lines, directing artillery fire and airstrikesinfiltrate

infiltrate /�nfltret/ verb to moveinto enemy territory in small groups bydifferent routes, in order to avoid detec-

tion, and then to join up in order to at-tack an objective in force. Compare ex-filtrateinfiltration

infiltration /�nfl|�treʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of infiltrating. Compare exfiltrationinflammable

inflammable /n|�fl�məb(ə)l/ adjec-tive easy to set on fire � Many sailorswere badly burnt because their clothingwas made of inflammable material.inflict

inflict /n|�flkt/ verb to do somethingunpleasant to another person � Thebombing inflicted heavy casualties onthe civilian population. � We inflictedthe worst defeat of the war on the ene-my. (NOTE: This verb is usually followedby on or upon.)in force

in force /�n �fɔ�s/ phrase 1. in largenumbers � Enemy armour is crossingthe border in force near Landshut. 2.valid � The regulations have been inforce since Tuesday.inform

inform /n|�fɔ�m/ verb 1. to tell some-one something � He informed me of thechange in the timings. 2. � to inform onsomeone to tell the authorities aboutanother person’s illegal activities � Heinformed on his neighbour.information

information /�nfə|�meʃ(ə)n/ nounfacts (whether accurate or not) whichare passed on from one person to anoth-erinformation blackout

information blackout/�nfəmeʃ(ə)n �bl�kaυt/ noun the actof withholding all information from themedia and general public (usually forreasons of security)information warfare

information warfare /�nfəmeʃ(ə)n�wɔ�feə/ noun the act of hacking into anenemy’s computer network in order todisrupt it (e.g. by sowing a virus) or toobtain information or to insert false in-formationinformer

informer /n|�fɔ�mə/ noun someonewho tells the authorities about anotherperson’s illegal activitiesinfrared

infrared /�nfrə|�red/ adjective relatingto a form of red light which is used insome night-viewing devices because itis invisible to the naked eye. Abbr IR

COMMENT: Night-viewing deviceswhich utilize infrared light are de-


127 inshorescribed as active, while those whichdo not are described as passive.

infrastructure

infrastructure /�nfrə |�str�ktʃə/noun basic amenities and facilities uponwhich a modern society relies in orderto function properly (such as electricity,roads and railways, telecommunica-tions, water, etc.)inhabitant

inhabitant /n |�h�bt(ə)nt/ noun aperson who lives in a place � The origi-nal inhabitants were removed from theirvillages.initial nuclear radiation

initial nuclear radiation /|�nʃ(ə)l�nju�kliə �redi|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun the harm-ful rays of energy given off by a nuclearexplosioninitial terminal guidance

initial terminal guidance /|�nʃ(ə)l�t$�mn(ə)l �(ad(ə)ns/ noun US fullform of ITGinitiate

initiate /|�nʃiet/ verb 1. to start or in-troduce something � The commandingofficer was forced to initiate legal pro-ceedings. 2. to activate an explosive orpyrotechnic device � The Claymoreswere initiated electronically.initiative

initiative /|�nʃətv/ noun 1. the abili-ty to assess a situation and take action,without asking for guidance � He lacksinitiative. 2. the ability to make the ene-my conform to your own movements �

We must not allow the enemy to regainthe initiative. � to lose the initiative tostop being able to force the enemy to re-act to your actions

COMMENT: The initiative is usuallyheld by whichever side is attacking.As soon as the attackers are stoppedand forced to defend themselves,they are considered to have lost theinitiative.

inject

inject /n|�d%ekt/ verb to put a liquiddrug or vaccine into a person’s body, us-ing a syringe or syrette � I injected himwith morphine ten minutes ago.injection

injection /n|�d%ekʃən/ noun an act ofinjecting � He was given an injection ofmorphine.

COMMENT: There are three types ofinjection: subcutaneous (SC) = un-der the skin; intramuscular (IM) =into a muscle; intravenous (IV) =into a vein.

injure

injure /�nd%ə/ verb to do physicalharm to someoneinjury

injury /�nd%əri/ noun physical harm toa personinland

inland /�nlənd/ adverb away from thesea � Strong enemy forces are movinginland.inlet

inlet /�nlet/ noun a place where a lakeor the sea cuts into the landINMARSAT

INMARSAT /�nmɑ�s�t/ noun an in-secure satellite telephone system. Fullform international maritime satelliteinoculate

inoculate /|�nɒkjυlet/ verb to treatsomeone with a vaccine or serum, in or-der to prevent them contracting a dis-easeinoculation

inoculation /|�nɒkjυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of inoculating someoneinoperable

inoperable /n |�ɒpər(ə)b(ə)l/ adjec-tive impossible to carry out � The planis now inoperable.inoperative

inoperative /n |�ɒpərətv/ adjectivenot working properly � All our commu-nications equipment was made inopera-tive by the nuclear explosion.insect repellent

insect repellent /�nsekt r|�pelənt/noun a liquid designed to stop insectsbiting a person’s skininsecure

insecure /�ns|�kjυə/ adjective 1. (ofobjects) not properly attached or closed� Your magazine is insecure. 2. (of loca-tions) undefended � The bridge is inse-cure. 3. (of communications) not codedor scrambled � The enemy is equippedwith insecure radios.insert

insert /n|�s$�t/ verb 1. to put one thinginto another � He inserted a new batteryinto his torch. 2. to move into an area ofoperations � We will insert by helicop-ter. Compare extractinsertion

insertion /n|�s$�ʃ(ə)n/ noun an act ofinserting. Compare extractionin-service

in-service /�n �s$�vs/ adjective cur-rently being operatedin-service support

in-service support /�n �s$�vs sə|

�pɔ�t/ noun support which is organisedwhen in serviceinshore

inshore /n|�ʃɔ�/ adjective designed foruse close to the shore � an inshore fish-ing boat � adverb 1. at sea but close tothe shore � The boat was anchored in-


insignia 128

shore. 2. towards the shore � The land-ing craft moved inshore.insignia

insignia /n |�s(niə/ noun a decorativesymbol (used to denote the identity of aunit, specialist qualification, rank, etc.)inspect

inspect /n |�spekt/ verb 1. (of people)to examine a person in order to ensurethat he is correctly dressed or that hehas all his equipment � The general in-spected his troops. 2. to examine some-thing in order to ensure that it is inworking order � He inspected his pla-toon’s weapons. 3. (in the event of anaccident or malfunction) to examinesomething in order to look for defects orsigns of damage � The vehicle was in-spected for defects. 4. to examine aweapon in order to ensure that it is cleanor unloaded � Upon inspecting theman’s rifle he found a live round in thechamber.inspection

inspection /n|�spekʃən/ noun an actof inspecting a person or thing � Thesoldiers stood to attention ready for in-spection.installation

installation /�nstə |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun abuilding, complex or other permanentstructure, which contains some form oftechnical equipment (such as communi-cations equipment, radar, weapons sys-tem, etc.) � Our target was the radar in-stallations along the north coast.instruct

instruct /n|�str�kt/ verb 1. to teach �

He instructs soldiers in the use of thebayonet. 2. to tell someone to do some-thing � I instructed him to clean his ri-fle.instruction

instruction /n|�str�kʃən/ noun 1. anact of teaching something � We havetwo periods of map-reading instructiontoday. 2. an act of telling someone to dosomething � He did not carry out my in-structions. 3. written directions tellingsomeone how to do something � The in-structions are printed on the side of thecontainer.instructor

instructor /n|�str�ktə/ noun a teacher� Cpl Smith is our bayonet instructor.insubordinate

insubordinate /�nsə |�bɔ�dnət/ ad-jective 1. unwilling to carry out orders2. unwilling to show respect to your su-

periors � He was quite insubordinateand had to be restrained.insubordination

insubordination /�nsə|�bɔ�d|

�neʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. failure or refusal tocarry out an order 2. showing lack of re-spect for a superiorinsurgency

insurgency /n|�s$�d%ənsi/ nounarmed resistance to the established gov-ernment or foreign dominationinsurgent

insurgent /n|�s$�d%ənt/ noun a per-son who uses force to resist the estab-lished government or foreign domina-tion. � rebel, revolutionaryinsurrection

insurrection /�nsə|�rekʃən/ nounarmed resistance to the established gov-ernment or foreign domination. � insur-gency, rebellion, revolt, revolutionint

int /nt/ abbreviation intelligenceintake

intake /�ntek/ noun a place whereair, fuel or water is drawn into a ma-chineintegrate

integrate /�nt(ret/ verb to link upseveral things to form a wholeintegrated logistic support

integrated logistic support/�nt(retd lə|�d%stk sə|�pɔ�t/ nounsupport which is integrated into all partsof the project as it is being developedintel

intel /�ntel/ abbreviation US intelli-genceintelligence

intelligence /n |�teld%əns/ noun 1.any information which may be useful(especially information about the ene-my) � We have received some fresh in-telligence on the enemy artillery. 2.people and equipment involved in thegathering, analysis and disseminationof intelligence � We are feeding false in-formation to the enemy’s intelligence.

COMMENT: The department responsi-ble for intelligence in a headquartersis known as G2.

intelligence officer

intelligence officer /n |�teld%əns�ɒfsə/ noun an officer responsible forintelligence. Abbr IOintelligence summary

intelligence summary /n|

�teld%əns �s�məri/ noun a simple re-port on the enemy’s locations, strength,organization, intentions, etc., during aspecific period of time. Abbr INTSUMintend

intend /n|�tend/ verb to decide to dosomething


129 internintent

intent /n|�tent/ noun US a documentissued to subordinate commanders, ex-plaining a commander’s idea of how afuture operation is likely to proceedintention

intention /n|�tenʃən/ noun what aperson has decided to do � We do notknow the enemy’s intentions.intercede

intercede /�ntə|�si�d/ verb to enter adispute in order to support another per-son or group � The priest tried to inter-cede on behalf of the young men.intercept

intercept /�ntə|�sept/ verb 1. to meetup with or catch persons or vehicles asthey move from one place to another �

We intend to intercept them at the river.� Two squadrons of fighters were sent tointercept the bombers. 2. to locate andlisten to another person’s radio trans-missions � The message was intercept-ed. � noun an enemy message whichhas been intercepted � Here is a tran-script of our last intercept.interception

interception /�ntə|�sepʃən/ noun 1.the act of intercepting a person or vehi-cle 2. the act of locating and listening toanother person’s radio transmission; thepeople who locate and listen to anotherperson’s radio transmissions � Thesecountermeasures are designed to con-fuse the enemy interception.interceptor

interceptor /�ntə|�septə/ noun afighter aircraft which is capable of fly-ing great distances in order to interceptand engage enemy aircraftinterchangeability

interchangeability /ntə|�tʃen%ə|

�bləti/ noun being able to be ex-changed one for anotherinterchangeable

interchangeable /�ntə|

�tʃend%əb(ə)l/ adjective possible toexchange one for another � The twoparts are interchangeable.intercom

intercom /�ntəkɒm/ noun an internaltelecommunication system within anaircraft, ship or vehicle allowing crewmembers to speak to each other

COMMENT: The intercom is normallyincorporated into the radio system.

intercontinental ballistic missile

intercontinental ballistic missile/ntəkɒntnent(ə)l bə|�lstk �msal/noun a guided missile which flies fromone continent to another and ends its

flight in a ballistic descent. Abbr ICBM.� ballistic missileinterdict

interdict /�ntədkt/ verb to deny theenemy the use of something � The air-strikes were intended to interdict the en-emy’s supply lines.interdiction

interdiction /�ntə|�dkʃ(ə)n/ noun theact of denying the enemy the use ofsomething (typically, air attacks on ene-my reinforcements and supply columnsas they move towards the battle area) �

Our principal role is the interdiction ofthe enemy railway network.interfere

interfere /�ntə|�fə/ verb 1. � to inter-fere in to involve oneself in anotherperson’s activity without being asked �

He is always interfering in the runningof my platoon. 2. � to interfere with toobstruct or hinder � These air strikesare designed to interfere with the ene-my’s supply system.interference

interference /�ntə |�fərəns/ noun 1.an act of interfering 2. the obstructionof a radio signal by other radio wavesinterior

interior /n|�təriə/ noun the part of acountry which is not close to its coast-line or bordersinterior lines

interior lines /n |�təriə �lanz/ pluralnoun routes available in territory whichis protected by the forward and flankpositions of an army or other large tac-tical grouping � The general failed totake advantage of his interior lines.

COMMENT: Good interior lines enablea commander to move troops directlyfrom one part of his line to anotherover comparatively short distances,while enemy forces may have to trav-el a considerable distance around hisperimeter in order to redeploy againsthim. Of course, on the modern battle-field, he would need air and electron-ic superiority to enjoy this advantage.

interlocking arcs of fire

interlocking arcs of fire/�ntəlɒkŋ �ɑ�ks əv �faə/ noun a situ-ation in which a weapon’s arc of fireoverlaps with that of its neighbourintermediate staging base

intermediate staging base/�ntəmi�diət �sted%ŋ �bes/ noun fullform of ISBintern

intern /n|�t$�n/ verb to confine a per-son in custody (usually for reasons ofnational security rather than because


internal security 130

they have committed an offence) � Allenemy aliens will be interned for the du-ration of the war.internal security

internal security /�n �t$�nəlsk$�rt/ noun a state’s use of its armedforces (usually in support of its civil po-lice) to maintain or restore law and or-der within its own territory � Severalbattalions are engaged in internal secu-rity duties.international maritime satellite

international maritime satellite/�ntən�ʃ(ə)nəl �m�rtam �s�təlat/noun full form of INMARSATinternment

internment /n|�t$�nmənt/ noun anact of interning people � The govern-ment has ordered the internment of allenemy aliens.

COMMENT: Internment applies to civil-ians; military personnel would betreated as prisoners of war.

internment camp

internment camp /n|�t$�nməntk�mp/ noun a secure location wherepeople are internedinteroperability

interoperability /�ntə|�ɒpərə|�blti/noun being able to operate in the placeof something elseinteroperable

interoperable /�ntə |�ɒpərəb(ə)l/ ad-jective able to operate in place of some-thing elseinterpreter

interpreter /n|�t$�prtə/ noun a per-son who acts as a translator in a conver-sation between two people who do notunderstand each other’s languageinterrogate

interrogate /n |�terə(et/ verb to ask aseries of questions in a systematic way,in order to obtain information

COMMENT: This word normally impliesa confrontational situation (as whenan intelligence officer is interrogatinga prisoner). You interrogate an ene-my, but you would debrief someonefrom your own side.

interrogation

interrogation /n|�terə|�(eʃ(ə)n/noun an act of interrogating � Under in-terrogation he revealed the location ofthe camp.intersection

intersection /�ntə |�sekʃən/ noun USa junction � Turn left at the next inter-section.interval

interval /�ntəv(ə)l/ noun a space be-tween two persons or groups or vehicles� I want intervals of twenty-five metres

between vehicles. � Vehicles will set offat five minute intervals.intervasion

intervasion /�ntə |�ve%ən/ noun in-vading a state’s sovereign territory withthe reluctant approval of that state’sgovernment in order to deal with hostileelements within the population. Fullform intervention & invasionintervehicular information system

intervehicular information sys-tem /�ntəvhkjυlə �nfə|�meʃ(ə)n�sstəm/ noun full form of IVISintervene

intervene /�ntə |�vi�n/ verb to enter adispute between two other parties � Wewere forced to intervene when they at-tacked the refugees.intervention

intervention /�ntə|�venʃən/ noun anact of intervening � There is a strongpossibility of foreign intervention.intimate support tank

intimate support tank /�ntmət sə|

�pɔ�t �t�ŋk/ noun a tank which is at-tached to an infantry platoon for a spe-cific phase of an attack and which fightsalongside that platoon throughout theactionintimidate

intimidate /n|�tmdet/ verb to usethreats in order to make someone do ornot do something � The guerrillas aretrying to intimidate the local people.intimidation

intimidation /n|�tm|�deʃ(ə)n/ nounthe use of threats in order to makesomeone do or not do something � Theguerillas use intimidation to gain thesupport of the local people.intraregional

intraregional /�ntrə|�ri�d%ənəl/ ad-jective inside a regionintraregional mobility

intraregional mobility/�ntrəri�d%ənəl məυ|�blti/ noun theability of forces to move rapidly insidea given regionintruder

intruder /n|�tru�də/ noun 1. a personwho enters an area or building withoutthe authority or right to do so 2. an uni-dentified person, vehicle or aircraftwhich enters your area of responsibilityIntruder

Intruder /n|�tru�də/ noun an Ameri-can-designed A-6 ground-attack air-craftintruder alarm

intruder alarm /n|�tru�də ə|�lɑ�m/noun a device designed to detect move-ment


131 ISO containerINTSUM

INTSUM /�nts�m/, intsum abbrevia-tion intelligence summaryinvade

invade /n|�ved/ verb to enter anotherstate’s territory with military forces, inorder to conquer it � Troops are massedon the border ready to invade. � Thecountry was invaded by rebel armiesfrom the south.invasion

invasion /n |�ve%(ə)n/ noun an act ofinvading � the invasion of Britain by theNormans in 1066 � They planned the in-vasion of the island.invest

invest /n|�vest/ verb to surround anarea or town occupied by an enemyforce, in order to prevent its being rein-forced and resupplied and also to pre-vent any withdrawal, usually with theultimate intention of capturing the placeor of compelling the enemy force insideit to surrender � Our main objective isto invest Port Stanley. � besiegeinvestment

investment /n|�vestmənt/ noun anact of investing a town or fortress. �

siegeIO

IO abbreviation intelligence officerIR

IR abbreviation infraredIrish Defence Force

Irish Defence Force /�arʃ d|�fensfɔ�s/ noun the army of the Republic ofIreland (Eire) (NOTE: The Irish DefenceForce should not be confused with theIrish Republican Army (IRA), which is aterrorist organization seeking to unitethe British-controlled province of North-ern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland(Eire).)iron bomb

iron bomb /�aən �bɒm/ noun a bombwhich is simply dropped onto a targetby an aircraft. � ballistic bomb, gener-al purpose bombiron ration

iron ration /�aən �r�ʃ(ə)n/ noun asmall pack of food carried by a soldierin case of emergencyiron sight

iron sight /�aən sat/ noun a simplesight, forming part of the basic designof the weapon and consisting of a rear-sight and a fore-sight, which are linedup with each other and the point of aimirregular

irregular / |�re(jυlə/ adjective not partof the regular army � The refugees wereattacked by irregular troops. � noun amember of a unit which is not part ofthe regular army (i.e. guerrillas, merce-

naries, partisans, etc.) � He commands asmall unit of irregulars.irreparable

irreparable /|�rep(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjec-tive impossible to repair � The bombinghas caused irreparable damage to theairfield.irreplaceable

irreplaceable /�r|�plesəb(ə)l/ ad-jective which cannot be replaced � He isirreplaceable because he speaks fivedifferent languages.irresponsibility

irresponsibility /rspɒnsə|�blti/noun irresponsible behaviour � The op-eration has been compromised by yourirresponsibility.irresponsible

irresponsible /�r|�spɒnsb(ə)l/ ad-jective acting without considering thepossible consequences of that action �

Your irresponsible behaviour couldhave caused an accident.irretrievable

irretrievable /�r|�tri�vəb(ə)l/ adjec-tive impossible to retrieve � That data isirretrievable.irrevocable

irrevocable /|�revəkəb(ə)l/ adjectiveimpossible to alter or cancel � The or-der is irrevocable.irritant

irritant /�rt(ə)nt/ noun somethingwhich causes irritation � The shells arereleasing some sort of eye irritant.irritate

irritate /�rtet/ verb 1. to anger or an-noy � He was irritated by the soldier’sbehaviour. 2. to cause discomfort orpain � This chemical agent irritates theeyes and respiratory system.irritation

irritation /�r|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. angeror annoyance � He looked at me with ir-ritation. 2. discomfort or pain � Thissubstance causes irritation to the skin.ISB

ISB /�aes �bi�/ noun an administrationarea located en route to a war zone or inthe rear area, where a deploying forcecan offload and assemble its equipmentbefore moving forward to the front line.Full form intermediate staging baseisland

island /�alənd/ noun a piece of landsurrounded by waterISO container

ISO container /�asəυ kən �tenə/noun a huge metal container, which isdesigned to be fitted to a lorry or loadedonto a ship, in order to transport goodsoverseas � We lived in ISO containersuntil the camp had been built.


isolate 132isolate

isolate /�asəlet/ verb 1. to preventmovement to or from a location � Thevillage has been isolated by snow. 2. tosurround a unit so that it can neither re-treat, nor be reinforced or supported �

The enemy battalion was isolated andthen destroyed. � cut offisolated

isolated /�asəletd/ adjective farfrom anyone or anything else � Thereare a few isolated villages in the hills. �The platoon was left isolated when therest of the company withdrew.issue

issue /�ʃu�/ noun an act of supplyingservicemen with equipment, supplies,etc. � There will be an issue of rations at1600hrs. � on issue provided by the lo-gistical system � These boots are nolonger on issue. � verb to supply equip-ment, supplies, etc. � Ammunition willbe issued at 1600hrs.

isthmus

isthmus /�sməs/ noun a narrow stripof land connecting two larger pieces oflanditem

item /�atəm/ noun an object or thing(especially one of several differentthings)ITG

ITG /�ati��|�d%i�/ noun US a task car-ried out by pathfinders (i.e. advance re-connaissance, security and marking of aDZ or LZ or beach-landing site). Fullform initial terminal guidanceIVIS

IVIS /�avs/ noun an American-de-signed computer system fitted to ar-moured fighting vehicles (e.g. AbramsM-1 tank), which shows the current lo-cations of all other vehicles in the sub-unit and their ammunition and fuelstates and which also has an e-mail fa-cility for the transmission of orders.Full form intervehicular informationsystem


JULIET - JjJ1

J1 /�d%e �w�n/ noun the department ofa joint headquarters (JHQ) responsiblefor personnelJ2

J2 /�d%e �tu�/ noun the department of ajoint headquarters (JHQ) responsiblefor intelligenceJ3

J3 /�d%e �θri�/ noun the department ofa joint headquarters (JHQ) responsiblefor operations and trainingJ4

J4 /�d%e �fɔ�/ noun the department of ajoint headquarters (JHQ) responsiblefor materielJ5

J5 /�d%e �fav/ noun the department ofa joint headquarters (JHQ) responsiblefor civil/military relationsJAAT

JAAT /d%�t/ abbreviation joint air at-tack teamjack

jack /d%�k/ noun a machine which isused to raise a vehicle or other heavyobject a short distance off the groundJAG

JAG /d%�(/ noun US a legal depart-ment for the US armed forces. Full formjudge adjutant generalJaguar

Jaguar /�d%�(jυə/ noun a Brit-ish/French-designed attack aircraftjam

jam /d%�m/ verb 1. to block the ene-my’s radio transmissions by causing in-terference � We are being jammed. 2.(of automatic weapons) to stop firingbecause of a mechanical failure � Themachine-gun jammed.jamming

jamming /�d%�mŋ/ noun an act ofblocking the enemy’s radio transmis-sions by causing interferencejankers

jankers /�d%�nkəz/ noun extra fatigueduty given as a punishment (especiallyunpleasant tasks: e.g. cleaning out la-trines) (slang)Javelin

Javelin /�d%�vln/ noun 1. a British-designed hand-held optically-tracked

surface-to-air missile (SAM) 2. anAmerican-designed precision-guidedanti-tank missileJDAM

JDAM /�d%ed�m/ noun an aircraftbomb which guides itself onto a targetusing the GPS system. Full form jointdirect attack munitionjeep

jeep /d%i�p/ noun any type of light gen-eral purpose all-terrain military vehicle

COMMENT: The original jeep was anAmerican-designed vehicle used dur-ing the Second World War. Thename is derived from GP (= generalpurpose).

jeopardize

jeopardize /�d%epədaz/, jeopardiseverb to place in a dangerous situation �Your actions have jeopardized the en-tire mission.jerrycan

jerrycan /�d%erk�n/ noun a rectan-gular container for transporting fuel orwaterjet

jet /d%et/ noun 1. a stream of fire, gasor water sent out under high pressure 2.an aircraft powered by jet propulsion �

Enemy jets bombed our positions.jet engine

jet engine /�d%et �end%n/ noun anengine which uses jet propulsionjet fighter

jet fighter /�d%et �fatə/ noun a fighterplane that is powered by a jet engine orenginesjet propulsion

jet propulsion /�d%et prə|�p�lʃ(ə)n/noun forward movement caused by thebackward ejection of a jet of gas at highspeedjettison

jettison /�d%ets(ə)n/ verb to throwobjects out of an aircraft, ship or vehiclebecause they are no longer needed ordangerous or in order to lighten the load� The aircraft was forced to jettison itsbombs.JHQ

JHQ abbreviation joint headquarters


jigger 134jigger

jigger /�d%(ə/ noun � chiggerjihad

jihad /d%|�h�d/ noun in Arabic, a holywar, waged by Muslims to defend theIslamic faith. � mujahideenJock

Jock /d%ɒk/ noun a Scottish soldier(informal )join

join /d%ɔn/ verb 1. to become a part ofsomething � She joined the army. 2. tocome together � They joined us in thebriefing room. 3. to connect two objectsto each other � He joined the wires to-gether.joint

joint /d%ɔnt/ adjective with two ormore services working together, shar-ing a common purposejoint air attack team

joint air attack team /�d%ɔnt eə ə |

�t�k �ti�m/ noun an American doctrinefor a coordinated attack by aircraft(both from the air force and army avia-tion assets), artillery and naval gunfire.Abbr JAATjoint direct attack munition

joint direct attack munition/�d%ɔnt da|�rekt ə|�t�k mju�|�nʃ(ə)n/noun full form of JDAMjoint headquarters

joint headquarters /�d%ɔnt hed|

�kwɔ�təz/ noun the headquarters of ajoint force, with staff officers and otherpersonnel from all three arms (navy,army and air force). Abbr JHQjoint operation

joint operation /�d%ɔnt �ɒpə|

�reʃ(ə)n/ noun an operation involvingtwo or more different branches of thearmed forcesjoint-service

joint-service /�d%ɔnt �s$�vs/ adjec-tive performed and financed together bytwo or more military servicesjoint special operations task force

joint special operations taskforce /�d%ɔnt �speʃ(ə)l �ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz�tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/ noun full form of JSOTFjoint surveillance and targeting attack radar system

joint surveillance and targetingattack radar system /�d%ɔnt sə|

�veləns ən �tɑ�(tŋ ə|�t�k �redɑ��sstəm/ noun full form of JSTARSjoint task force

joint task force /�d%ɔnt �tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/noun a large combined arms groupinginvolving different branches of thearmed forces formed for a specific oper-ation or campaign. Abbr JTF (NOTE: Ifall services are involved in an opera-tion, then they are not specified individ-

ually; if only two services are involvedjointly, then they are specified: jointNavy-Air Force manoeuvres.)join up

join up /�d%ɔn ��p/ verb to join thearmed forces � He joined up when heleft school.Jolly Green Giant

Jolly Green Giant /�d%ɒli �(ri�n�d%aənt/ noun an unofficial nicknamefor the American-designed CH-53heavy transport helicopterjoystick

joystick /�d%ɔstk/ noun a stick usedto steer an aircraftJSOTF

JSOTF /�d%e es �əυ ti� �ef/ noun USan elite unit of special forces personneldesigned to deploy (usually by helicop-ter) at short notice and carry out special-ised military tasks. Full form joint spe-cial operations task forceJSTARS

JSTARS /�d%e stɑ�z/ noun Ameri-can-designed technology used by spe-cial aircraft to detect moving groundtargets at long range. Full form jointsurveillance and targeting attack ra-dar systemJTF

JTF abbreviation joint task forcejudge adjutant general

judge adjutant general /�d%�d%��d%υtənt �d%en(ə)rəl/ noun US fullform of JAGJuliet

Juliet /�d%u�li|�et/ noun the tenth letterof the phonetic alphabet (Jj)Juliett

Juliett /d%u�li|�et/ US spelling of Julietjump

jump /d%�mp/ noun a parachute drop �He was injured on the last jump.jump-jet

jump-jet /�d%�mp d%et/ noun a fighteraircraft with vertical take-off capability(e.g. Harrier, YAK-38, YAK-41)jump-leads

jump-leads /�d%�mp li�dz/ pluralnoun two lengths of electrical cable,which are used to convey electricalcharge from one fully-charged vehiclebattery to another which has lost itschargejumpmaster

jumpmaster /�d%�mpmɑ�stər/ nounan aircrew member who controls para-troopers as they jump out of an aircraftjump-start

jump-start /�d%�mp �stɑ�t/ verb tostart a vehicle, whose battery has lost itscharge, by pushing, towing or usingjump-leads


135 jurisdictionjunction

junction /�d%�ŋkʃən/ noun a placewhere two or more roads or railwaylines meet each otherjungle

jungle /�d%�ŋ(əl/ noun an area (in thetropics) which is covered by dense veg-etationjunior

junior /�d%u�niə/ adjective of low rank� the Junior Service the Royal AirForcejunior non-commissioned officer

junior non-commissioned offic-er /�d%u�niə �nɒnkəmʃ(ə)nd �ɒfsə/noun a corporal or lance corporal

junior ranks

junior ranks /�d%u�niə �r�ŋks/ pluralnoun junior non-commissioned officersand privates of a unitjunior technician

junior technician /�d%u�niə tek|

�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a non-commissionedrank in the air-force (equivalent to anexperienced or well-qualified privatesoldier in the army). Compare seniorjunk

junk /d%�ŋk/ noun a traditional Chi-nese sailing shipjurisdiction

jurisdiction /�d%υərs|�dkʃən/ nounlegal or other authority � We have juris-diction over this area.


KILO - Kkk

k /ke/ abbreviation knot(s)K

K noun a kilometre (used in speech) �

The village is 3 Ks beyond the river.Ka-50

Ka-50 /�ke e �ffti/ noun a Soviet-de-signed attack helicopter (NOTE: knownto NATO as Hokum)Kalashnikov

Kalashnikov /kə|�l�ʃnkɒf/ noun aSoviet-designed 7.62mm assault weap-onkarst

karst /kɑ�st/ noun hilly terrain withcrags and outcrops of limestoneKatyusha

Katyusha /kə |�tju�ʃə/ noun a Soviet-designed multiple rocket launcher,mounted on a truckKE

KE abbreviation kinetic energykeel

keel /ki�l/ noun a structure forming thebase of a boat or shipkeg

keg /ke(/ noun a small metal barrel,designed to hold beer � The device con-sisted of several beer kegs filled withhomemade explosives.kelp

kelp /kelp/ noun seaweed with largebrown leaves which grows in a densemass close to the shorekennel

kennel /�ken(ə)l/ noun accommoda-tion for dogskerosene

kerosene /�kerəsi�n/ noun a fuel dis-tilled from petroleum, which is suitablefor aviation fuel and also for heatingand lamps. Also known as paraffin oilKevlar

Kevlar /�kevlə/ trademark a trademarkfor a synthetic material used in the man-ufacture of body armour, helmets, andsome types of vehicle armourkey

key /ki�/ adjective of vital importance �noun 1. an instrument used to operate alock or to start an engine or motor � Idon’t have a key for this door. 2. an ex-planatory list of symbols which areshown on a map � The key is written in

English and German. 3. a system for in-terpreting a code � We obtained a key tothe enemy’s codes. 4. a solution to aproblem � The village of Ladna is thekey to the enemy’s defences.key point

key point /�ki� �pɔnt/ noun a locationor installation which is of strategic im-portance (such as docks, government orother administrative building, power in-stallation, etc.) � Commandos will beused to seize the key points. Abbr KPkey terrain

key terrain /�ki� tə|�ren/ noun groundwhich you must occupy or control in or-der to achieve your missionKFOR

KFOR /�ke fɔ�/ noun the NATO-ledinternational peacekeeping force in Ko-sovo. Full form Kosovo Forcekg

kg abbreviation kilogramkhaki

khaki /�kɑ�ki/ noun a brownish-greencolour used for army uniforms and ve-hicle camouflagekHz

kHz abbreviation kilohertzKIA

KIA abbreviation killed in actionkill

kill /kl/ noun the killing of an enemysoldier or destruction of an enemy air-craft, vehicle or ship, when viewed as aresult � The patrol reported three kills.� verb to deprive a person or animal oflife � Two of the hostages were killed inthe gun battle. � Their aim is to kill asmany enemy soldiers as possible.killed in action

killed in action /�kld n ��kʃən/ ad-jective killed during an engagement.Abbr KIAkilling

killing /�klŋ/ noun an act of killing aperson or animalkilling area

killing area, killing ground, killingzone noun an area of ground selectedas a place to destroy an enemy force


137 kukriKilo

Kilo /�ki�ləυ/ noun the eleventh letterof the phonetic alphabet (Kk)kilometer

kilometer /k|�lɒmtə/ noun US spell-ing of kilometrekilometre

kilometre /�klə |�mi�tə/ noun a unit oflinear measure, corresponding to 1,000metres or 0.6214 mile. Abbr kmkiloton

kiloton /�klət�n/ noun a unit of ex-plosive power equivalent to 1,000 tonsof TNTkilt

kilt /klt/ noun a garment, similar to awoman’s skirt, traditionally worn bysome Scottish and Irish regimentsKim’s Game

Kim’s Game /�kmz (em/ noun anactivity designed to develop observa-tion skills; a selection of different ob-jects are placed on the ground and cov-ered with a blanket. The blanket is re-moved for a few seconds and thenreplaced again. The participants thenhave to remember exactly what theysaw.

COMMENT: Kim’s Game is taken fromthe adventure story ‘Kim’ by RudyardKipling, in which the above exercisewas used in the training of spies. Itcan be made as simple or as complexas you like, and is extremely worth-while, especially if practised on a reg-ular basis.

kinetic energy

kinetic energy /ka|�netk �enəd%i/noun energy produced by an objectmoving at high speed. Abbr KEkinetic energy round

kinetic energy round /k|�netk�enəd%i �raυnd/ noun an anti-tank pro-jectile, made of a heavy metal (such asdepleted uranium or tungsten carbide),which is fired at a very high velocity, inorder to punch its way through armour.Also called KE round. � long-rod pen-etratorKing’s Commission

King’s Commission /�kŋz kə|

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun � Queen’s Commis-sionKing’s Regulations

King’s Regulations /�kŋz �re(jυ|

�leʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun � Queen’s Reg-ulationskit

kit /kt/ noun 1. equipment � All theplatoon’s kit was left behind on the

truck. � Make sure that all your kit is se-cure. 2. a set of tools or other articlesused for a specific purpose (e.g. clean-ing kit, decontamination kit, first-aidkit, etc.)kitbag

kitbag /�ktb�(/ noun a long cylindri-cal canvas bag, for storing spare cloth-ing and other personal effects. � bivvybag, sleeping-bag

COMMENT: Kitbags are normally usedfor any additional clothing which isnot carried in the rucksack.

Kiwi

Kiwi /�ki�wi�/ noun a soldier from NewZealand (informal )klaxon

klaxon /�kl�ksən/ tdmk a trademarkfor a noise-making warning device,similar to a vehicle’s hornklick

klick /klk/ noun a kilometre (informal)� It’s three and a half klicks to the RV. �clickkm

km abbreviation kilometre(s)knife

knife /naf/ noun an instrument usedfor cutting or stabbing, with a sharpmetal blade fixed in a handle � He si-lenced the sentry with a knife. � verb tokill or wound with a knife � He wasknifed while he slept.knock out

knock out /�nɒk �aυt/ verb 1. to de-stroy a vehicle � We knocked out threetanks. 2. to make someone unconscious� He was knocked out by the blast froma shell.knoll

knoll /nɒl/ noun a very small hillknot

knot /nɒt/ noun a unit of speed for aship or aircraft, corresponding to onenautical mile per hour � The patrol boatwas travelling at 15 knots or was doing15 knots. Abbr kKormoran

Kormoran /�kɔ�mər�n/ noun a Ger-man-designed anti-ship missileKosovo Force

Kosovo Force /�kɒsəvəυ �fɔ�s/ nounfull form of KFORKP

KP abbreviation key pointKPH

KPH abbreviation kilometres per hourkukri

kukri /�kυkri/ noun a fighting knifecarried by Gurkha soldiers


LIMA - LlL

L /el/ noun a type of blister agent. Fullform dichloro (2-chloro-vynyl) ars-ine. Also called Lewisitelaager

laager /�lɑ�(ə/, lager /�lɑ�(ə/ noun anencampment of armoured vehicles �

The laager was attacked during thenight. � verb to form a laager � We willlaager at grid 417339. � leaguerLAC

LAC abbreviation leading aircraftmanLAC-C2

LAC-C2 noun a command vehicleLAD

LAD /�el e �di�/ noun a detachment ofvehicle mechanics from the Royal Elec-trical and Mechanical Engineers(REME), which is attached to an infan-try battalion or armoured regiment on apermanent basis. Full form light aiddetachmentlager

lager /�lɑ�(ə/ noun another spelling oflaagerlake

lake /lek/ noun a large area of watersurrounded by landlamp

lamp /l�mp/ noun a device which pro-duces lightlance

lance /lɑ�ns/ noun a long spear used bycavalry soldiersLance

Lance /lɑ�ns/ noun an American-de-signed tactical surface-to-air missilelance-bombardier

lance-bombardier /�lɑ�ns �bɒmbə|

�də/ noun a lance-corporal in the artil-lery. Abbr L/Bdrlance-corporal

lance-corporal /�lɑ�ns �kɔ�prəl/noun the lowest non-commissioned of-ficer rank in the army or marines (usu-ally second in command (2IC) of a sec-tion or equivalent-sized grouping).Abbr L/Cpllance-corporal of horse

lance-corporal of horse /�lɑ�ns�kɔ�p(ə)rəl əv �hɔ�s/ noun a corporal inthe Household Cavalry. Abbr L/CoH

lancer

lancer /�lɑ�nsə/ noun a cavalry soldierarmed with a long spear or lance(historical )

COMMENT: Some armoured regi-ments still retain their historical title ofLancers.

Lancer

Lancer /�lɑ�nsə/ noun an American-designed B-1 long-range strategicbomber aircraftlance rank

lance rank /�lɑ�ns �r�ŋk/ noun anarmy rank between private and corporallance-sergeant

lance-sergeant /�lɑ�ns �sɑ�d%ənt/noun a corporal in the Brigade ofGuards. Abbr L/Sgtland

land /l�nd/ noun a solid part of theearth’s surface (i.e. not the sea) � verb 1.to bring a flying aircraft back onto theground � The squadron has just landed.2. to leave a ship and go back onto dryland � We will start landing tomorrowmorning. 3. to deploy troops from air-craft or ships � The invasion force land-ed near Bremen. � Enemy paratroopersare landing to the north of Arnhem.land component

land component /�l�nd kəm|

�pəonənt/ noun same as ground com-ponentLand Cruiser

Land Cruiser /�lɑ�nt �kru�zə/ noun aJapanese-designed all-terrain vehiclesimilar to a jeepland forces

land forces /�l�nd �fɔ�sz/ pluralnoun same as ground forces � Alliedland forces drove the enemy back to thecoast.landform

landform /��ŋðφo�,/ noun a natu-ral physical feature of the earth’s sur-face, e.g., a valley, mountain, or plainlanding

landing /�l�ndŋ/ noun 1. an act oflanding an aircraft � Landing on thejungle airstrip was difficult. 2. an act ofleaving a ship and going back onto dry


139 lashings

land � The landing took several hours.3. a deployment of troops from aircraftor shipslanding craft

landing craft /�l�ndŋ krɑ�ft/ noun asmall flat-bottomed boat designed tomove troops and vehicles from a trans-port ship to a beach (NOTE: The termcraft is used for both singular and plu-ral.)landing craft air cushioned

landing craft air cushioned/�l�ndŋ krɑ�ft �eə �kυʃ(ə)nd/ nounfull form of LCAClanding craft medium

landing craft medium /�l�ndŋkrɑ�ft �mi�diəm/ noun full form ofLCMlanding craft utility

landing craft utility /�l�ndŋ krɑ�ftju�|�tlti/ noun full form of LCUlanding craft vehicle and personnel

landing craft vehicle and per-sonnel /�l�ndŋ krɑ�ft �vi�k(ə)l ən�p$�sə |�nel/ noun full form of LCVPlanding helicopter assault

landing helicopter assault/�l�ndŋ �helkɒptə ə|�sɔ�lt/ noun fullform of LHAlanding helicopter deck

landing helicopter deck /�l�ndŋ�helkɒptə �dek/ noun full form of LHDlanding platform dock

landing platform dock /�l�ndŋ�pl�tfɔ�m �dɒk/ noun full form of LPDlanding platform helicopter

landing platform helicopter/�l�ndŋ �pl�tfɔ�m �helkɒptə/ nounfull form of LPHlanding ship

landing ship /�l�ndŋ ʃp/ noun atransport ship designed to transport andlaunch landing craft and helicoptersduring amphibious operationslanding ship dock

landing ship dock /�l�ndŋ ʃp�dɒk/ noun full form of LSDlanding ship logistics

landing ship logistics /�l�ndŋ ʃplə|�d%stks/ noun full form of LSLlanding ship tank

landing ship tank /�l�ndŋ ʃp�t�ŋk/ noun full form of LSTlanding vehicle tracked personnel

landing vehicle tracked person-nel /�l�ndŋ �vi�k(ə)l tr�kd �p$�sə|

�nel/ noun full form of LVTP-7A1landing zone

landing zone /�l�ndŋ zəυn/ noun 1.an area of ground selected for the land-ing or pick-up of troops by helicopter 2.US an area of ground selected for thelanding of troops by parachute � abbrLZland-line

land-line /�l�nd lan/ noun a tele-phone system which operates through

electrical cable placed on, under orabove the ground � I will call you onland-line.landmark

landmark /�l�ndmɑ�k/ noun a dis-tinctive natural or man-made feature,which can be used as a reference pointor as an aid to navigation � It’s easy toget lost when there are so few land-marks.landmine

landmine /�l�ndman/ noun an ex-plosive device which is buried in orplaced on the surface of the ground, andis designed to detonate when a personsteps on it or a vehicle drives over it.Also called mineLandrover

Landrover /�l�ndrəυvə/ noun a Brit-ish-designed all-terrain vehicle (similarto a jeep)lane

lane /len/ noun 1. a narrow rural road� These lanes are not wide enough fortanks. 2. a cleared route through a mine-field or other obstacle � The lane ismarked with mine tape. 3. one of severalparallel routes � The brigade advancedalong three parallel lanes. 4. a recog-nized route for aircraft or ships � Wemust avoid the main shipping lanes.lanyard

lanyard /�l�njəd/ noun 1. a cord usedto attach a weapon or piece of equip-ment to a person’s body 2. a colouredcord, worn around the shoulder in orderto denote the wearer’s rank, role or unit3. a cord which is pulled in order to ac-tivate the firing mechanism of a gunlaser

laser /�lezə/ noun a device whichprojects a beam of intense lightlaser-guided bomb

laser-guided bomb, laser guidedmissile noun a bomb or missile de-signed to home in on a target which hasbeen illuminated by a laser beam. AbbrLGB, LGMlaser range-finder

laser range-finder /�lezə �rend%�fandə/ noun a device which utilizes alaser beam in order to calculate the ex-act distance to an objectlaser target designator

laser target designator /�lezə�tɑ�(t �dez(netə/ noun a devicewhich projects a laser beam onto a tar-get in order to illuminate it for a laser-guided bomb or missilelashings

lashings /�l�ʃŋz/ plural noun ropesused to tie a cargo down


last light 140last light

last light /�lɑ�st �lat/ noun the time ofday when it becomes completely dark �No move before last light.Last Post

Last Post /�lɑ�st �pəυst/ noun a bu-gle-call blown in barracks and bases atbedtime (usually around 2200hrs) andalso at military funeralslatrine

latrine /lə|�tri�n/ noun a toilet (espe-cially one constructed in the field)launch

launch /lɔ�ntʃ/ noun 1. an act oflaunching a missile or rocket � Thelaunch was delayed by 15 minutes. 2. aceremony of placing a newly-built shipinto the water for the first time � Areyou attending the launch next week? 3.a small boat (especially one which iscarried on a ship and is used to transportpeople or things to the shore or to otherships) � verb 1. to put a boat into thewater (especially for the first time) �

The new destroyer was launched by theQueen. 2. to fire a missile or rocket intothe air � They launched rockets at theenemy positions. 3. to set an attack orother offensive operation in motion �

The enemy launched a furious attack onthe castle.launcher

launcher /�lɔ�ntʃə/ noun a device orvehicle used to launch a missile or rock-etLAV

LAV /�l�v, �el e �vi�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed multi-purpose amphibi-ous armoured fighting vehicle (AFV).Full form light armoured vehicleLAV-25

LAV-25 /�l�v �twenti �fav/ noun anarmoured personnel carrier (APC)LAV-AD

LAV-AD /�l�v e �di�/ noun an air de-fence variant, fitted with Stinger mis-siles and a Gatling gunLAV-AT

LAV-AT /�l�v e �ti�/ noun an anti-tankvariant, fitted with TOW missilesLAV-L

LAV-L /�l�v �el/ noun a load-carryingvariant, designed to transport suppliesLAV-M

LAV-M /�l�v �em/ noun a mortar vari-ant, fitted with an 81mm mortarLAV-R

LAV-R /�l�v �ɑ�/ noun a recovery vari-antLAW

LAW /�el e �d�b(ə)lju�/ noun a hand-held anti-tank rocket used by infantry.Full form light anti-tank weapon

lay

lay /le/ verb to place or position an ob-ject � The engineers are laying mines. �to lay a gun to aim an artillery piece ata target by adjusting the direction andelevation of the barrellaydown bombing

laydown bombing /�ledaυn�bɒmŋ/ noun a low altitude attack inwhich the aircraft passes very low overits target and releases bombs fitted withparachutes or other devices to slowdown the descent, so that the aircraftcan get clear before the bombs explodeL/Bdr

L/Bdr abbreviation lance-bombardierLBE

LBE abbreviation load-bearing equip-mentLCAC

LCAC /�el si� e �si�/ noun an Ameri-can-designed hovercraft which is usedas a landing craft. Full form landingcraft air cushionedLCM

LCM /�el si� �em/ noun a landing craftof simple design which is capable ofcarrying a company of infantry or mosttypes of equipment, except large ar-moured vehicles (it is smaller than theLCU). Full form landing craft medi-umL/CoH

L/CoH abbreviation lance-corporal ofhorseL/Cpl

L/Cpl, LCpl abbreviation lance-corpo-ralLCU

LCU /�el �si� �ju�/ noun a large landingcraft which is capable of transportingmain battle tanks (MBT) and is able tooperate over long distances in all typesof sea conditions. Full form landingcraft utilityLCVP

LCVP /�el �si� �vi� �pi�/ noun a smalllanding craft which is capable of carry-ing a platoon of infantry or a small ve-hicle. Full form landing craft vehicleand personnelLD

LD abbreviation line of departurelead

lead /li�d/ adjective 1. moving in frontof others � The lead tank was destroyedby a mine. 2. in charge � noun 1. an actof moving in front of others � B Compa-ny will take the lead. � B Company wasin the lead. 2. the distance which onemust aim in front of a moving target inorder to hit it � He did not give the tankenough lead. � verb 1. to move in frontof others � B Company was leading. 2.


141 LGB

to command men by inspiring them andsetting a good example � He leads fromthe front. 3. to aim in front of a movingtarget � You don’t lead your targetsenough. (NOTE: leading – led)leader

leader /�li�də/ noun 1. a person wholeads � He is a natural leader. 2. a com-manderleadership

leadership /�li�dəʃp/ noun the abilityto make other people carry out your or-ders effectively and willinglyleading

leading /�li�dŋ/ adjective 1. movingin front of others � We engaged theleading tank. 2. seniorleading aircraftman

leading aircraftman /�li�dŋ�eəkrɑ�ftmən/ noun a junior non-com-missioned rank in the air force (equiva-lent to an experienced private soldier inthe army). Abbr LACleading rating

leading rating, leading seamannoun a junior non-commissioned offic-er (NCO) in the navy (equivalent to acorporal in the army, marines or airforce)lead nation

lead nation /�led �neʃ(ə)n/ noun anation which takes the responsibility fororganizing a multinational force, andcoordinates the forces of other countriesleaflet

leaflet /�li�flət/ noun a piece of papercontaining information or a message �

Leaflets were dropped over the enemylines.leaguer

leaguer /�li�(ə/ noun an encampmentof armoured vehicles � verb to form aleaguer. � laagerleapfrog

leapfrog /�li�pfrɒ(/ verb to move in al-ternate bounds, with one person, vehi-cle or sub-unit stationary and giving orprepared to give covering fire, while theother moves past to occupy a fire posi-tion beyond (NOTE: leapfrogging –leapfrogged)leave

leave /li�v/ noun 1. permission � May Ihave your leave to carry on, Sir? 2. aholiday or vacation � He is on leave. �

verb 1. to go away from a place � TheCO has already left the barracks. 2. togo away without something � He left hisrifle in my room. (NOTE: leaving – left)Leclerc

Leclerc /lə|�kl$�k/ noun a French-de-signed 1990s-era main battle tank(MBT)

leech

leech /li�tʃ/ noun a worm-like creaturewhich lives in water and attaches itselfto an animal’s skin in order to suck itsbloodleft-flanking

left-flanking /�left �fl�ŋkŋ/ adjec-tive relating to an attack on the left flankof an enemy position (as you are look-ing at it) � Hello 2, this is 22, am goingleft-flanking, over.leg

leg /le(/ noun 1. a lower limb of the hu-man body � His leg had to be amputat-ed. � He was hit in the leg by shrapnel.2. one section of a journey � The firstleg is 520 metres, on a bearing of 3214mils.legend

legend /�led%ənd/ noun the explanato-ry notes on the symbols shown on a maplegion

legion /�li�d%ən/ noun 1. a division ofthe Roman army with about 5,000 men(historical) 2. a grouping of soldiers orex-servicemenlegionary

legionary /�li�d%ən(ə)ri/ noun a mem-ber of a Roman legion (historical)legionnaire

legionnaire /�li�d%ə|�neə/ noun 1. amember of the French Foreign Legion2. a member of the American LegionLeopard

Leopard /�lepəd/ noun a German-de-signed main battle tank (MBT)lethal

lethal /�li�θ(ə)l/ adjective able to causedeath � He received a lethal dose of ra-diation.lethal force

lethal force /�li�θ(ə)l �fɔ�s/ noun sameas deadly forceletter-bomb

letter-bomb /�letə bɒm/ noun an ex-plosive device concealed in a letter orpackage and designed to explode whenthe letter is openedlevel-crossing

level-crossing /�levəl �krɒsŋ/ nouna place where a railway line crosses aroad, and instead of using a bridge, thetracks are actually embedded into thetarmac of the roadLevinstein Mustard

Levinstein Mustard /�levnstan�m�stəd/ noun � Hlevy

levy /�levi/ noun soldiers who areforced to join the army � The army re-lies on levies from the provinces.Lewisite

Lewisite /�lu�sat/ noun � LLF

LF abbreviation low frequencyLGB

LGB abbreviation laser-guided bomb


LGM 142LGM

LGM abbreviation laser-guided missileLGOP

LGOP /�el d%i� əυ �pi�/ noun US smallgroups acting on their own initiativeduring the confusion of a hot LZ � Oncethe LGOPs had established a perimeter,we started to reorganize. Full form littlegroups of paratroopersLHA

LHA /�el etʃ �e/ noun a ship which isdesigned to transport and launch land-ing craft and helicopters during am-phibious operations. Full form landinghelicopter assaultLHD

LHD /�el etʃ �di�/ noun a ship which isdesigned to transport and launch land-ing craft and helicopters during am-phibious operations (an updated versionof the LHA). Full form landing heli-copter dockLI

LI abbreviation light infantryliaison officer

liaison officer /l|�ezən �ɒfsə/ nounan officer who acts as a link betweenone tactical grouping and another or be-tween a headquarters and its subordi-nate groupings. Abbr LOliberate

liberate /�lbəret/ verb 1. to set a per-son free from captivity � The prisonerswere liberated by the Americans. 2. toset a country, region or town free fromoccupation by a foreign power � Pariswas liberated in 1944. 3. to steal (slang)� We’ve liberated a case of beer.liberation

liberation /�lbə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun an actof liberating a person or place � The lib-eration of Europe began with the Nor-mandy landings.liberty

liberty /�lbəti/ noun 1. freedom fromcaptivity, oppression or foreign domi-nation 2. (in the navy) free timeliberty boat

liberty boat /�lbəti bəυt/ noun asmall boat taking naval ratings ashorefor time offlice

lice /l�s/ � louselie

lie /la/ verb 1. to be in or adopt a hori-zontal position � She lay on her bed. �

He lay down on the floor. (NOTE: lie – ly-ing – lay – have lain) 2. to deliberatelysay something which is untrue � He liedabout the troop movements. (NOTE: lie –lying – lied) � noun a statement whichis untrue � That’s a lie!

lie up

lie up /�la ��p/ verb to rest or wait in aconcealed position before continuing apatrol or other covert operationlie-up position

lie-up position /�la �p pə|�zʃ(ə)n/noun a concealed position where a pa-trol can rest, wait or observe, beforecarrying out the next phase of a covertoperation. Abbr LUPlieutenant

lieutenant /lef|�tenənt/; US /lu�|

�tenənt/ noun 1. a junior officer in thearmy or marines (equivalent of a firstlieutenant in the US Army; usually incommand of a platoon or equivalent-sized grouping) 2. a junior officer in thenavy, below lieutenant-commander 3.US an officer in the navy � abbr Ltlieutenant-colonel

lieutenant-colonel /lef|�tenənt�k$�n(ə)l/ noun an officer in the army ormarines (usually in command of a bat-talion or equivalent-sized grouping)sometimes referred to as half-colonel.Abbr Lt-Col

COMMENT: In some regiments of theBritish Army, the lieutenant-colonelcommanding a battalion or its equiv-alent is addressed as ‘Colonel’ andreferred to as the Colonel. In others,he is addressed as ‘Sir’ and referredto as the Commanding Officer orthe CO.

lieutenant-commander

lieutenant-commander /lef|�tenəntkə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun an officer in the navyabove lieutenant and below command-er. Abbr Lt-Cmdrlieutenant-general

lieutenant-general /lef|�tenənt�d%enrəl/ noun a senior officer in thearmy or marines (junior to general andsenior to major-general). Abbr Lt-Genlieutenant junior grade

lieutenant junior grade /lef|�tenənt�d%u�niə �(red/ noun US a junior offic-er in the navy (equivalent of sub-lieu-tenant in British Royal Navy)lifebelt

lifebelt /�lafbelt/ noun a plastic orwooden ring designed to keep a personfloating in waterlifeboat

lifeboat /�lafbəυt/ noun a small boatcarried by a ship, in case the ship mustbe abandoned at sealifer

lifer /�lafə/ noun a person who spendshis or her entire career in one of thearmed forces


143 linelifevest

lifevest /�lafvest/ noun a jacket de-signed to keep a person floating in wa-terlift

lift /lft/ noun 1. an act of transportingequipment, men or supplies by air � Welost three planes during the last lift. 2. amachine which takes people up or downfrom one floor to another in a building� The lift was damaged by the explo-sion. � verb 1. to raise an object to ahigher position � The bomb exploded asthey were lifting it. 2. to transport equip-ment, men or supplies by air � We willstart lifting supplies tomorrow. 3. to re-move a restriction � Radio silence hasbeen lifted. � airliftlight

light /lat/ adjective 1. bright enough tosee 2. low in weight � noun 1. a naturalor artificial brightness which makes itpossible to see 2. any source of artificiallight � We saw a light in the distance. 3.any pyrotechnical device or projectilewhich lights up an area of ground (e.g.,an illuminating round, shermuly, starshell, etc.) � The platoon commandercalled for light. � verb to apply fire tosomething � He lit his cigarette. (NOTE:lighting – lit – has lit)light aid detachment

light aid detachment /�lat ed d|

�t�tʃmənt/ noun full form of LADlight anti-tank weapon

light anti-tank weapon /�lat ��nti�t�ŋk �wepən/ noun full form of LAWlight armoured vehicle

light armoured vehicle /�lat�ɑ�məd �vi�k(ə)l/ noun full form ofLAVLight Gun

Light Gun /�lat �(�n/ noun a British-designed 105mm artillery piece, madeof light alloy for ease of transportationand high mobilitylight infantry

light infantry /�lat �nfəntri/ nounlightly equipped and highly mobile in-fantry, who specialised in reconnais-sance and skirmishing (historical) AbbrLIlight machine-gun

light machine-gun /�lat mə |�ʃi�n�(�n/ noun a light man-portable ma-chine-gun designed to be carried by in-fantry sections or squads. Abbr LMGlights out

lights out /�lats �aυt/ noun the timeby which people in the armed forces aresupposed to be in bed or asleep, or a sig-nal indicating this

lightstick

lightstick /�latstk/ noun a simplelight-producing device, consisting of aslim plastic cylinder containing twochemicals in liquid form. When the cyl-inder is bent, the two liquids mix to-gether and cause a chemical reactionwhich produces a weak form of light,lasting for several hours.

COMMENT: Lightsticks are available inseveral different colours and are ide-al for marking routes at night.

light support weapon

light support weapon /�lat sə|�pɔ�t�wepən/ noun full form of LSWlight tank

light tank /�lat �t�ŋk/ noun anothername for a tracked armoured reconnais-sance vehicle (CVRT)light up

light up /�lat ��p/ verb to project lightonto an object or over an area � Flareswere dropped to light up the area. � illu-minateLima

Lima /�li�mə/ noun the twelfth letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Ll)limber

limber /�lmbə/ noun a vehicle or trail-er carrying artillery ammunition, whichaccompanies the gunslimit

limit /�lmt/ noun a level or point be-yond which something cannot go � offlimits prohibited (to the persons speci-fied) � This pub is off limits to officersand NCOs. � verb to impose a limit onsomething � Water has been limited toone litre per man.limit of exploitation

limit of exploitation /�lmt əv�eksplɔ|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun a point on theground beyond which the exploitationof a successful attack should not contin-ue � Our limit of exploitation is the rearedge of the wood.line

line /lan/ noun 1. a long thin featurewhich connects or appears to connecttwo or more points 2. a tactical forma-tion where troops or vehicles move sideby side in a single extended line � Theplatoon advanced in line formation. 3. �the Line armoured and infantry regi-ments not forming part of the House-hold Division 4. � the Line the Equator� We will be crossing the Line tomor-row. 5. an electrical cable used to con-nect field telephones to each other � Weneed to lay more line back to HQ. 6. atrack of a railway � The line was blown


line of defence 144

up by partisans. 7. a length of rope orcord � He threw a line out to the life-boat. � verb to position or place in sucha way as to form a line � The road waslined with tall trees. � in line 1. side byside forming a straight line � The battle-ships passed in line astern. 2. one be-hind the otherline of defence

line of defence /�lan əv d|�fens/noun a line formed by a series of defen-sive positions and defended localitiesline of departure

line of departure /�lan əv d|�pɑ�tʃə/noun a real or imaginary line, the cross-ing of which marks the start of an ad-vance, attack or other offensive opera-tion � Our line of departure is formedby the main road. Abbr LD. Also knownas start lineline of fire

line of fire /�lan əv �faə/ noun thepath of a bullet or other projectile fromthe weapon to the target � Some of CCompany wandered into our line of fire.line of march

line of march /�lan əv �mɑ�tʃ/ nouna route taken by troops or vehicles fromone location to anotherline of sight

line of sight /�lan əv �sat/ noun aline from a gun’s position to the targetlines

lines /lanz/ plural noun a line orboundary formed by the positions of anarmy (often used in the plural)lines of communication

lines of communication /�lan əvkə|�mju�n|�keʃ(ə)n/ plural noun mainroads, air routes and sea routes whichconnect a military force to its operation-al base, along which supplies are movedand along which its supply depots andreserve forces are locatedline up

line up /�lan ��p/ verb to form a line �They lined up outside the armoury.link

link /lŋk/ noun 1. something whichconnects 2. a metal clip used to fastenrounds of machine-gun ammunition to-gether, in order to form belts 3. ma-chine-gun ammunition (which is fas-tened together by links) � We need10,000 rounds of 7.62mm link. (NOTE:no plural in this meaning) 4. a contact ormeans of communication � A liaison of-ficer acts as a link between two differentunits. � We need another radio link withthe Germans. � verb to connect or join� We were linked to Brigade HQ. � The

media have linked his name with the na-tionalist movement.link up

link up /�lŋk ��p/ verb to come togeth-er � The battalion linked up with theRoyal Hussars on the far side of the riv-er.listening post

listening post /�ls(ə)nŋ �pəυst/noun 1. a small patrol, sent out in frontof a defensive position at night, in orderto listen for the approach of the enemy2. a small radio station where radio op-erators listen to enemy communicationslittle groups of paratroopers

little groups of paratroopers plu-ral noun full form of LGOPlittoral

littoral /�ltərəl/ noun a coastal arealive

live adjective /lav/ relating to real am-munition, which is designed to kill (asopposed to blank ammunition, which isdesigned to simulate the firing of aweapon) � verb /lv/ � to live off theland to obtain food from the local area(as opposed to using your own supplies)live-firing exercise

live-firing exercise /�lv �faərŋ�eksəsaz/ noun a training exercisewhere live ammunition is usedlive round

live round /�lav �raυnd/ noun a pieceof real ammunition (as opposed to ablank round). Compare blankLMG

LMG abbreviation light machine-gunLO

LO abbreviation liaison officerload

load /ləυd/ noun 1. something that iscarried by an aircraft, person or vehicle� This helicopter is capable of carryingheavy loads. 2. an amount or weight ofwhat is carried by an aircraft, person orvehicle � In the Falklands conflict, sol-diers were carrying loads in excess of100 pounds. � verb 1. to put a load orcargo onto an aircraft, vehicle or ship �

They were attacked as they were load-ing the ship. 2. to put ammunition into aweapon � Have you loaded your weap-on yet? � Load with HE! 3. to put am-munition into a magazine � They arestill loading magazines. 4. to put a load-ed magazine onto a weapon � With amagazine of 30 rounds, load!

COMMENT: A loaded weapon can bein one of two states: made safemeans that a loaded magazine is fit-ted, but the weapon is not cockedand there is no round in the breech,


145 logisticswhereas made ready means that aloaded magazine is fitted, the weap-on is cocked and there is a round inthe breech.

load-bearing equipment

load-bearing equipment /�ləυd�beərŋ |�kwpmənt/ noun US a set ofequipment pouches attached to a belt orharness. Abbr LBEloader

loader /�ləυdə/ noun a crew memberresponsible for loading an artillerypiece, gun or other weapons systemloam

loam /ləυm/ noun US soil � It was easydigging into the soft loam.loan service

loan service /�ləυn �s$�vs/ noun atemporary secondment of servicemento the armed forces of a friendly foreignstate, usually to provide military exper-tise or traininglocal superiority

local superiority /�ləυk(ə)l�su�peυr|�ɒrt/ noun a situation inwhich you have more troops than theenemy on one part of the battlefield,even though the enemy force as a wholemay be equal in strength or even superi-or to your ownlocal time

local time /�ləυk(ə)l tam/ noun thetime of the country in which one is op-erating � The general will be arriving at1430hrs local time.locate

locate /ləυ|�ket/ verb 1. to discoverthe exact location of something � Wehave located the enemy battery. 2. toplace or position something � Thedressing station is located in the bri-gade administration area.location

location /ləυ|�keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. theplace where something is � He is not atthis location. 2. an act of locating some-thing � He is responsible for the loca-tion of the supply dumps. � The locationof the enemy positions is taking longerthan expected.locator

locator /ləυ|�ketə/ noun a device orequipment designed to locate some-thinglock

lock /lɒk/ noun 1. a mechanism for se-curing one object to another (whichusually requires a key to open it) � Wehad to smash the lock in order to openthe door. 2. an enclosed stretch of a ca-nal or river, in which the water level canbe raised or lowered by the use of gates

� 5 Platoon is dug in around the lock. �verb 1. to secure with a lock � This dooris to be locked at all times. 2. to securebehind locked doors � The weapons willbe locked in the guardroom overnight.lock and load

lock and load /�lɒk ənd �ləυd/ verbUS to operate the cocking lever of aweapon so that a round is placed in thechamber and the weapon is cocked andready to fire (informal) (NOTE: The Brit-ish English term is make ready.)locker

locker /�lɒkə/ noun a compartment,cupboard or wardrobe which can belocked � locker inspection at 1800hrslock-on

lock-on /�lɒk ɒn/ noun a momentwhen the operator of a guided weaponhas the target in his sights and the guid-ance system is activated. � acquisition,solutionL of C

L of C abbreviation line of communi-cationlog

log1 /lɒ(/ abbreviation logisticslog

log2 /lɒ(/ noun 1. the official diary of aship � The captain entered the ship’sposition in the log. 2. a chronologicalrecord of events � All radio operatorsmust keep a log. 3. a record of journeys,maintenance, repairs, etc., for an air-craft, piece of equipment or vehicle �

He inspected the vehicle’s log. � verb tomake a chronological record � You arerequired to log all messages.loggie

loggie /�lɒ(/ noun a person involvedin logistics (informal)logistic

logistic /lə|�d%stk/, logistical /lə|

�d%stk(ə)l/ adjective relating to logis-ticslogistics

logistics /lə |�d%stks/ noun the coor-dination of the supplying and resupply-ing of military units with the resourceswhich they need in order to carry outtheir operational tasks (such as ammu-nition, equipment, food and water, fuel,medical facilities, replacement men andequipment, spare parts, transport, etc.)(NOTE: takes a singular verb)

COMMENT: Logistics covers the de-sign, development, acquisition,movement and storage of material;the movement of personnel; the con-struction and maintenance of build-ings and other facilities; the provisionof services such as medical services


long-range 146or food; the departments responsiblefor logistics in a headquarters areknown as G1 (personnel) and G4(materiel).

long-range

long-range /�lɒŋ �rend%/ adjectiveused over a long distancelong-range reconnaissance and patrolling

long-range reconnaissance andpatrolling /�lɒŋ rend% r|�kɒnsənsən pə|�trəυlŋ/ noun special skills relat-ing to covert patrolling far into enemy-held territory � He is going on a LRRPcourse. Abbr LRRPlong-rod penetrator

long-rod penetrator /�lɒŋ rɒd�penətretə/ noun an anti-tank projec-tile, consisting of a simple metal dart(made out of a high density metal, suchas tungsten carbide or depleted uraniumand usually fitted with fins in order toprovide extra stability in flight) which isfired at a very high velocity and uses ki-netic energy to punch its way througharmour. � armour-piercing, kinetic en-ergy round

COMMENT: Long-rod penetrators arethe only means of defeating manymodern types of armour. Because along-rod penetrator is considerablysmaller than the diameter of the gunbarrel through which it is fired, it isusually fitted with a metal collar orsleeve known as a sabot, which fallsaway once the projectile has left thebarrel.

loot

loot /lu�t/ noun 1. any private propertybelonging to the enemy, which is takenfor your own personal use or gain � Wefound plenty of loot on the enemy posi-tion. 2. anything which is stolen in war-time or during a period of civil disorder� Several valuable paintings were dis-covered amongst the loot. � verb to stealduring a period of disorder � Soldiersare looting the town.looter

looter /�lu�tə/ noun a person who loots� The army was ordered to shoot intothe air to discourage looters.looting

looting /�lu�tŋ/ noun an action of re-moving property during a period of civildisorder � There have been reports ofwidespread looting by the enemy.lorry

lorry /�lɒri/ noun a large wheeled vehi-cle designed to transport men, equip-ment or supplies. � truck

lose

lose /lu�z/ verb 1. to be unable to findsomething � He has lost his rifle. � tolose your way to be unaware of yourexact location 2. not to have somethingany more, because it has been de-stroyed; not to have a person any more,especially one who has been killed � Welost three men yesterday. � B Squadronlost four tanks. � to lose your nerve tobe unable to control your fear 3. to bedefeated � We have lost the battle.(NOTE: losing – lost)loss

loss /lɒs/ noun an act of losing some-thing � He did not report the loss of hisrifle. � plural noun losses casualties �

personnel losses � The battalion suf-fered heavy losses.lost

lost /lɒst/ adverb unaware of your ex-act location � We are lost. � lost at seamissing, believed drownedlouse

louse /laυs/ noun a tiny parasitic in-sect, which lives on a person’s body andin their clothes, breeding in great num-bers and being easily transmitted to oth-er people, thereby causing great dis-comfort and often transmitting disease� He was covered in louse bites. � Theprisoners were covered in lice. (NOTE:The plural form is lice /l�s/ and is nor-mally used in preference to the singularform.)lower

lower /�laυə/ adjective below some-thing else � We moved into the lowerpart of the town.lower case

lower case /�ləυə �kes/ noun smallletters written as a, b, c, etc.low frequency

low frequency /�ləυ �fri�kwənsi/noun the range of radio frequenciesfrom 30 – 300 kilohertz (kHz). Abbr LFlow-observables

low-observables /�ləυ əb|

�z$�vəb(ə)lz/ plural noun stealth tech-nology � This aircraft design incorpo-rates all the latest low-observables.low tide

low tide /�ləυ �tad/ noun the point atwhich the tide has fallen to its lowestlevel � The low tide left the landingcraft stranded on the rocks.low velocity

low velocity /�ləυ və|�lɒsəti/ adjective(of projectiles) designed to travel slowerthan the speed of sound � This helmetwill resist a low velocity bullet. Com-pare high velocity


147 lysergic acid diethylamidelow-wire entanglement

low-wire entanglement /�ləυ �waən|�t�ŋ(əlmənt/ noun an obstacle, con-sisting of a lattice of barbed wire, whichis set at ankle height, in order to trip upinfantry as they assault a positionLPD

LPD /�el pi� �di�/ noun a ship which isdesigned to transport and launch land-ing craft and helicopters during am-phibious operations. Full form landingplatform dockLPH

LPH /�el pi�|�etʃ/ noun a ship designedto transport and launch helicopters andair-assault infantry during amphibiousoperations. Full form landing platformhelicopterLRRP

LRRP /l$�p/ abbreviation long-rangereconnaissance and patrollingLS

LS abbreviation landing siteLSD

LSD1 /�el es �di�/ noun a ship which isdesigned to transport and launch land-ing craft during amphibious operations.Full form landing ship dockLSD

LSD2 /�el es �di�/ noun a drug whichcauses intense hallucinations and canhave serious long-term effects. Fullform lysergic acid diethylamide

COMMENT: Although LSD is usuallyassociated with drug abuse, it couldbe delivered as a chemical agent,and would be particularly effective incausing disruption in rear areas.

L/Sgt

L/Sgt abbreviation lance-sergeantLSL

LSL /�el es �el/ noun an ocean-goingtroop or supply ship. Full form landingship logisticsLSRV

LSRV abbreviation landing sight ren-dezvousLST

LST /�el es �ti�/ noun a ship designed totransport and land armoured vehicles.Full form landing ship tankLSW

LSW /�el es �d�b(ə)lju�/ noun a Brit-ish-designed 5.56mm light machine-gun (LMG) based on the SA80 assaultweapon. Full form light supportweaponLt

Lt abbreviation 1. lieutenant 2. lightLt-Cmdr

Lt-Cmdr abbreviation lieutenant-com-manderLt-Col

Lt-Col abbreviation lieutenant-colonel

Lt-Gen

Lt-Gen abbreviation lieutenant-gener-allubricant

lubricant /�lu�brkənt/ noun a sub-stance, such as oil, which is applied tomachinery in order to make it runsmoothlylull

lull /l�l/ noun a temporary period of in-activity or quiet � He moved back dur-ing a lull in the battle.luminous

luminous /�lu�mnəs/ adjective (of asubstance, especially paint) producinglight (without electricity) � My watchhas a luminous face.Lumocolor

Lumocolor /�lu�m |�k�lə/ trademark atrademark for a felt-tipped pen, which issuitable for writing on plastic (e.g. map-cases, overlays, etc.) � The enemy posi-tions are marked in red Lumocolor.

COMMENT: Lumocolors come in twotypes: water-soluble will wash off oncontact with any liquid (e.g. rain-wa-ter, saliva, sweat, etc.), while perma-nent can only be removed by somesort of cleaning fluid.

LUP

LUP abbreviation lie-up positionlurk

lurk /l$�k/ verb to wait in a concealedposition in the hope that a target mightpresent itself � I think there’s a tanklurking in that wood. � noun a patrolwhich waits in a likely area of enemyactivity, in order to react to any incidentwhich might occur there � Tonightwe’re going to do a lurk by the railwaybridge.

COMMENT: A lurk is really a counterin-surgency term and differs from anambush in that it is not set with theprimary intention of killing anyone; infact an arrest would be the moreprobable result.

LVTP-7A1

LVTP-7A1 /�e vi� ti� pi� �sevən e�w�n/ noun an American-designed am-phibious tractor. Full form landing ve-hicle tracked personnel. Also calledAmphibious Assault Vehicle Seven(AAV-7A1)Lynx

Lynx /lŋks/ noun a British-made mul-tirole helicopterlysergic acid diethylamide

lysergic acid diethylamide /la|

�s$�d%k ��sd da|�eθləmad/ nounfull form of LSD


LZ 148LZ

LZ noun 1. an area of ground selectedfor the landing or pick-up of troops byhelicopter � The LZ is at grid 941623. �B Company will secure the LZ. 2. US an

area of ground selected for the landingof troops by parachute � full form land-ing zone


MIKE - MmM-1

M-1 /�em �w�n/ noun same as AbramsM-2

M-2 /�em �tu�/ noun � BradleyM-3

M-3 /�em �θri�/ noun � BradleyM-16

M-16 /�em sks|�ti�n/ noun � ArmaliteM-60

M-60 /�em �sksti/ noun 1. an Ameri-can-designed 1960s-era main battletank (MBT) 2. an American-designed7.62mm general purpose machine-gun(GPMG) (NOTE: The plural form is M-60s /�em|�skstiz/.)M-61A1

M-61A1 /�em skstw�n|�ew�n/ nounan American-designed 20mm multi-barrelled anti-aircraft cannon. Alsocalled Vulcan. � M-163, PhalanxM-82

M-82 /em �et �tu�/ noun � BarrettM-109

M-109 /�em �w�n əυ �nan/ noun anAmerican-designed 155mm self-pro-pelled howitzer (SPH) (NOTE: The plu-ral form is M-109s /�em |�w�nəυ|

�nanz/.)M-110

M-110 /�em w�n �w�n �əυ/ noun anAmerican-designed 203mm self-pro-pelled gun (SPG) (NOTE: The pluralform is M-110s /�em |�w�n |�w�n|

[[ɑ.ɔʃ]]əυz/.)M-113

M-113 /�em �w�nw�n|�θri�/ noun anAmerican-designed 1960s-era ar-moured personnel carrier (APC) (NOTE:The plural form is M-113s /�em�w�nw�n|�θri�z/.)M-163

M-163 /em �w�n skst �θri�/ noun anAmerican-designed M-113 armouredpersonnel carrier fitted with the M-61A1 Vulcan 20mm multi-barrelledanti-aircraft cannonM-198

M-198 /�em �w�n nanti �et/ noun anAmerican-designed 155mm artillerypiece (NOTE: The plural form is M-198s/�em �w�nnanti|�ets/.)

M-247

M-247 /�em tu� fɔ�t �sevən/ noun anAmerican-designed self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG). Also called Ser-geant YorkM-249

M-249 /�em tu� fɔ� �nan/ noun anAmerican-designed 5.56mm light ma-chine-gun (LMG). Also called SquadAutomatic WeaponM-551

M-551 /�em fav fav �w�n/ noun �

SheridanM-1973

M-1973 /�em w�n �nan �sevən �θri�/noun a Soviet-designed 152mm self-propelled gun (SPG) (NOTE: The pluralform is M-1973s /�em �w�n|�nan|�sevən�θri�z/.)M-1974

M-1974 /�em w�n �nan �sevən �fɔ�/noun a Soviet-designed 122mm self-propelled howitzer (SPH) (NOTE: Theplural form is M-1974s /�em �w�n|�nan|

�sevən[[ðʃç]]�fɔ�z/.)Mach

Mach /mɑ�k/ noun same as Machnumbermachete

machete /mə|�ʃeti/ noun in CentralAmerica, a long broad-bladed knife de-signed for clearing and often used as aweapon. � panga, parangmachine-gun

machine-gun /mə |�ʃi�n (�n/ noun anautomatic firearm, which will continueto fire and reload for as long as its trig-ger is depressed � verb to shoot some-one with a machine-gun � Enemy gun-ships have been machine-gunning refu-gee columns. � abbr (all senses) MGmachine-gunner

machine-gunner /mə|�ʃi�n �(�nə/noun a person who operates a machine-gunMach number

Mach number /�mɑ�k �n�mbə/ nounthe speed of an aircraft or missile in re-lation to the local speed of sound

COMMENT: The Mach number of anaircraft or missile will vary at different


made ready 150altitudes. An aircraft which travelsfaster than Mach 1 is said to be su-personic.

made ready

made ready /�med �redi/ adjectivestate of a gun when a loaded magazineis fitted, the weapon is cocked and thereis a round in the breechmade safe

made safe /�med �sef/ adjectivestate of a gun when a loaded magazineis fitted, but the weapon is not cockedand there is no round in the breechmag

mag /m�(/ noun a magazine(informal )magazine

magazine /�m�(ə|�zi�n/ noun 1. ametal or plastic ammunition container,which is fitted to a gun and is designedto feed the rounds directly into thebreech � Every man is to carry five ex-tra magazines. Also called mag 2. abuilding used for storing ammunitionand explosives � We have captured anenemy magazine. 3. a compartment in aship, used for storing ammunition � Theshell pierced the ship’s armour and ex-ploded in the magazine. 4. a building orcompound, used for storing militarysupplies (such as ammunition, clothing,food, fuel, weapons, etc.) � The enemyis resupplied by a network of magazineslocated in his rear areas.maggot

maggot /�m�(ət/ noun 1. the larva ofa fly � His wound was crawling withmaggots. 2. a sleeping-bag (slang) �

He’s still in his maggot.magnetic

magnetic /m�(|�netk/ adjective 1.having the property of attracting or re-pelling iron 2. relating to magneticnorthmagnetic bearing

magnetic bearing /m�(|�netk�beərŋ/ noun a bearing obtained usinga compass. � azimuth, back-bearingmagnetic north

magnetic north /m�(|�netk �nɔ�θ/noun the direction in which the needleof a compass points. Compare gridnorthmagnetic tape

magnetic tape /m�(|�netk �tep/noun a type of tape used for recordingsound, images or computer datamagnetic variation

magnetic variation /m�(|�netk�veər|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun the difference be-tween magnetic north and grid or truenorth (as shown on a map)

COMMENT: The key of the map shouldtell you whether to add or subtract themagnetic variation in order to convertgrid bearings to magnetic bearingsand vice-versa.

main

main /men/ adjective 1. most impor-tant 2. largest or strongestMain

Main /men/ noun main headquarters �Main is located at grid 675784.main battle area

main battle area /�men �b�t(ə)l�eəriə/ noun the part of the battlefield oroperational area in which most of theactivity is taking place. Abbr MBAmain battle tank

main battle tank /�men �b�t(ə)l�t�ŋk/ noun heavily armoured tank, fit-ted with a large-calibre gun, which isprimarily designed to destroy enemytanks. Abbr MBTmain defence forces

main defence forces /�men d|

�fens �fɔ�sz/ plural noun forces as-signed to the major NATO commandersmain headquarters

main headquarters /�men hed|

�kwɔ�təz/ plural noun the primary re-sourcing and planning headquarters fora large tactical grouping (normally lo-cated to the rear of the forward troops)Mainstay

Mainstay /�menste/ noun a NATOname for the Soviet-designed A-40 air-borne early warning and control (AEW& C) aircraftmaintain

maintain /men |�ten/ verb 1. to keepan activity going � We need to maintainthe momentum of the attack. 2. to lookafter equipment, so that it continues tofunction properly � You are responsiblefor maintaining our vehicles.maintenance

maintenance /�mentənəns/ noun anact of maintaining � This section is re-sponsible for vehicle maintenance.

COMMENT: Maintenance covers theinspection and repair of equipmentand materiel to make sure it is kept inworking order, the repair and upkeepof buildings and other facilities, andthe continued supply of materiel toforces in the field.

maintenance check

maintenance check /�mentənənstʃek/ noun the act of checking that a ve-hicle or weapon is in good functioningconditionMaj

Maj abbreviation majorMaj Gen

Maj Gen abbreviation major generalMaj-Gen

Maj-Gen abbreviation major-general


151 manoeuvrabilitymajor

major /�med%ə/ adjective very impor-tant � That road is a major line of com-munication for the enemy. � noun 1. anofficer in the army or marines, belowlieutenant-colonel and above captain(normally in command of a company orequivalent-sized grouping or employedas a staff officer) 2. US an officer in thearmy, marines or air force, below lieu-tenant colonel and above captain. � ser-geant major

COMMENT: In the Irish army, theequivalent of major is commandant.

major general

major general /�med%ə �d%en(ə)rəl/noun US a senior officer in the army,marines or air force (junior to lieutenantgeneral and senior to brigadier general,usually in command of a division orequivalent-sized grouping). Abbr MajGenmajor-general

major-general /�med%ə �d%en(ə)rəl/noun a senior officer in the army or ma-rines (junior to lieutenant-general andsenior to brigadier, usually in commandof a division). Abbr Maj-GenMajor NATO Command

Major NATO Command /�med%ə�netəυ kə|�mɑ�nd/ noun one of two ar-eas of command (Allied Command At-lantic (ACLANT) and Allied CommandEurope (ACE)) within NATO; AlliedCommand Europe is divided into threemajor subordinate commands (MSCs)which are south, central and north-west.Abbr MNCMajor NATO Commander

Major NATO Commander/�med%ə �netəυ kə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun oneof two commanders of NATO forces:the Supreme Allied Commander Atlan-tic (SACLANT) and the Supreme Al-lied Commander Europe (SACEUR).Abbr MNCmake

make /mek/ verb 1. to construct orproduce something � The soldiers madeimprovised shelters in the woods. � Heyou made your plan yet? � He is makingtea. 2. � to make ready to operate thecocking mechanism of a loaded weap-on, so that a round is fed into the breechand the weapon is cocked and ready tofire � to make safe to fully unload acocked weapon and then replace theloaded magazine back onto the weapon

malaria

malaria /mə|�leəriə/ noun fever causedby the parasite Plasmodium, which istransmitted by the bite of a mosquito intropical regionsmalfunction

malfunction /m�l|�f�ŋkʃən/ noun afailure to work properly � The accidentwas due to a malfunction in the steeringsystem. � verb to fail to work properly �The guidance system has malfunc-tioned.malnutrition

malnutrition /�m�lnjυ |�trʃ(ə)n/noun a weak and unhealthy physicalcondition which is caused by not havingenough food to eatman

man /m�n/ noun a member of thearmed forces � He sent six men to rec-onnoitre the road. � verb to provide per-sonnel to make something work � Thebattery is manned by six gunners. � un-mannedmandate

mandate /�m�ndet/ noun an instruc-tion or directive from an official organ-ization (e.g. EU, UN, etc.) � Our man-date is to see that these people do notstarve.maneuver

maneuver /mə|�nu�və/ noun, verb USspelling of manoeuvremaneuverability

maneuverability /mənu�vrə|�blti/noun US spelling of manoeuvrabilitymaneuverable

maneuverable adjective US spellingof manoeuvrablemanhole

manhole /�m�nhəυl/ noun a coveredhole providing access to a sewer � Wethrew a grenade down every manhole.manifest

manifest /�m�nfest/ noun a list ofpassengers or cargo carried by an air-craft � His name isn’t on the manifest.man-made features

man-made features /�m�n med�fi�tʃəz/ plural noun buildings, bridges,canals, embankments, pylons, roads,etc.man-management

man-management /�m�n�m�nd%mənt/ noun the practice ofgetting the best out of your soldiers, bytreating them with respect and lookingafter their welfare; his man-manage-ment is very poor. � enlisted manmanoeuvrability

manoeuvrability noun the ability tomove easily over all types of terrain �

The main advantage of this vehicle is itsmanoeuvrability.


manoeuvrable 152manoeuvrable

manoeuvrable adjective capable ofmoving easily over all types of terrain �The new tank is highly manoeuvrable.manoeuvre

manoeuvre /mə|�nu�və/ noun 1. theart of moving troops and vehicles in or-der to achieve a military objective � Thenew tactical doctrine places great em-phasis on manoeuvre. 2. a plannedmovement by troops or vehicles de-signed to achieve a specific objective �

The manoeuvre was supposed to cut offthe enemy’s line of retreat. � verb 1. toperform a manoeuvre � The brigademanoeuvred against the enemy’s flank.2. to perform a complicated movementwith a vehicle � We manoeuvred thetank into the farmyard.manoeuvre element

manoeuvre element /mə|�nu�və�elmənt/ noun a separate force or unitwhich is able to move about while en-gaging the enemymanoeuvres

manoeuvres /mə |�nu�vəz/ pluralnoun military training exercises � Themanoeuvres will take place in April. �

exercises, war gamesmanoeuvre warfare

manoeuvre warfare /mə|�nu�və�wɔ�feə/ noun a military doctrine whichseeks to break an enemy’s will to fightby using mobility and constant aggres-sion to shatter his cohesion and deprivehim of any opportunity to reorganize.Compare attritional warfare, posi-tional warfare

COMMENT: Manoeuvre warfare relieson the use of directive command forits success, since subordinate com-manders must be free to use theirown initiative whenever necessary.

man-pack

man-pack /�m�n p�k/ verb to trans-port something using people (as op-posed to animals or vehicles or aircraftor boats) � The ammunition will have tobe man-packed up to the gun line.MANPADS

MANPADS /�m�np�dz/ noun anyhand-held surface-to-air missile (e.g.Blowpipe, Grail, Stinger, etc.). Fullform man-portable air defence sys-temman-portable

man-portable /�m�n �pɔ�təb(ə)l/ ad-jective designed to be carried by one ormore persons � This missile launcher isman-portable. � The enemy is equippedwith man-portable boats.

man-portable air defence system

man-portable air defence sys-tem /�m�n �pɔ�təb(ə)l �eə d|�fens�sstəm/ noun full form of MANPADS� This missile launcher is man-porta-ble. � The enemy is equipped with man-portable boats.manual

manual /�m�njuəl/ noun a book of in-structions � There is a detailed diagramin the manual. � Remember to take acopy of the ‘Manual of Military law’ tothe court-martial.MAOT

MAOT /�emeəυ �ti�/ noun a smallgroup of air traffic controllers for a tem-porary helicopter landing site. Full formmobile air operations teammap

map /m�p/ noun a scale drawing of anarea of ground, with symbols represent-ing natural and man-made featuresMAPEX

MAPEX /�m�peks/ noun an exerciseinvolving command elements of agrouping, in which a tactical scenario isplayed out on a map. Full form map ex-ercisemap grid

map grid /�m�p �rd/ noun a systemof numbered squares printed on a mapin order to produce map or grid refer-encesmap reading

map reading /�m�p �ri�dŋ/ noun theability to use a map to find out whereplaces are located or how to reach themmap reference

map reference /�m�p �ref(ə)rəns/noun same as grid referencemap square

map square /�m�p skweə/ noun asquare area between the grid linesmarked on a map, usually designated bya letter and a number, e.g. H6march

march /mɑ�tʃ/ noun 1. movement onfoot � It was a long march to the assem-bly area. 2. a piece of music, tradition-ally played when a regiment is march-ing on a parade � Our regimental marchis ‘The British Grenadiers’. � verb 1. tomove from one location to another onfoot � We had to march to the concen-tration area. 2. to walk in a smart mili-tary manner (especially on a parade) �

The recruits are learning how to march.marching order

marching order /�mɑ�tʃŋ �ɔ�də/ ad-jective equipped with webbing and ber-genmarch past

march past /�mɑ�tʃ �pɑ�st/ verb tomarch in ceremonial order past an offic-


153 Marshal of the Royal Air Force

er or a saluting base � The battalionmarched past to the tune of ‘The BritishGrenadiers’.marchpast

marchpast /�mɑ�tʃpɑ�st/ noun a pa-rade where troops march past a salutingbase � The Queen took the salute at themarchpast. Compare flypastMarder

Marder /�mɑ�də/ noun a German-de-signed infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)marine

marine /mə|�ri�n/ adjective relating tothe sea � He has a diploma in marineengineering. � noun 1. an infantry sol-dier serving with the navy, but trained tofight on land 2. the lowest non-commis-sioned rank in the marines (equivalentof a private in the army)

COMMENT: In most armed forces, ma-rines have the same or a similar rankstructure to the army, but they followthe customs and traditions of the na-vy. In the British armed forces, a ma-rine’s rank has a higher status thanthe same rank in the army. Thus, acaptain in the Royal Marines is con-sidered to be the equivalent of a ma-jor in the army.

marine expeditionary brigade

marine expeditionary brigade/mə |�ri�n �ekspdʃ(ə)n(ə)ri br|�(ed/noun full form of MEBmarine expeditionary force

marine expeditionary force /mə|

�ri�n �eksp|�dʃ(ə)n(ə)ri �fɔ�s/ noun fullform of MEFmarine expeditionary unit

marine expeditionary unit /mə|

�ri�n �ekspdʃ(ə)n(ə)ri �ju�nt/ nounfull form of MEUmaritime

maritime /�m�rtam/ adjective relat-ing to the sea and shipsmark

mark /mɑ�k/ noun 1. anything which isdrawn, painted, written on, placed on orcut into the surface of an object or theground, in order to convey a meaning 2.any cut or indentation in the surface ofan object or the ground as a result ofdamage � We could see the marks madeby the shrapnel. 3. model or type �

Mark II or Mk. II fragmentation gre-nade. Abbr Mk � verb 1. to make a markon something � He marked the tree withan ‘X’. � The map was marked with allthe enemy positions and minefields. 2.(of targets, landing zones, etc.) to use asign, light or coloured smoke, so that

other people can see it � We will use yel-low smoke to mark the LZ.marker

marker /�mɑ�kə/ noun anything whichis used as a sign, in order to conveymeaning, or to draw other people’s at-tention to a location or object � He useda piece of mine tape as a marker.market garden

market garden /�mɑ�kt �(ɑ�d(ə)n/noun a large area of ground used for thecommercial cultivation of fruit and veg-etablesmarking

marking /�mɑ�kŋ/ noun 1. an act ofmaking a mark � The general has for-bidden the marking of maps because ofsecurity. 2. numbers, letters, symbols orinsignia, which are painted or printedon an object as a means of identification� High explosive shells are usuallypainted dark green, with yellow mark-ings.marksman

marksman /�mɑ�ksmən/ noun a sol-dier who is very good at shooting �

They positioned marksmen on the roofsof surrounding buildings.married quarters

married quarters /�m�rid �kwɔ�təz/plural noun houses on a military basewhere married servicemen and theirfamilies livemarsh

marsh /mɑ�ʃ/ noun a large area of per-manently wet groundmarshal

marshal /�mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/ noun the mostsenior army rank in certain armies �

verb to direct and organize vehicles atan assembly point or any other placewhere a lot of vehicles are gathered �

We’ll need some NCOs for marshallingthe vehicles.marshalling area

marshalling area /�mɑ�ʃ(ə)lŋ�eəriə/ noun a location where vehiclesassemble before moving to another lo-cation or before deploying into forma-tionmarshalling yard

marshalling yard /�mɑ�ʃ(ə)lŋ jɑ�d/noun a railway yard where trains are as-sembled (NOTE: marshalling – mar-shalled. The US spelling is marshal-ing – marshaled)Marshal of the Royal Air Force

Marshal of the Royal Air Force/�mɑ�ʃ(ə)l əv ði� �rɔəl eə/ noun themost senior officer rank in the RAF. �

air marshal, air chief marshal, airvice marshal


marshland 154marshland

marshland /�mɑ�ʃl�nd/ noun terrainconsisting mainly of marshMASH

MASH /m�ʃ/ noun US a field hospital.Full form mobile army surgical hos-pitalMASINT

MASINT noun intelligence, derivedfrom many different sources and sen-sors, which identifies the specific char-acteristics of a target and enables it to belocated and tracked. Full form meas-urement and signature intelligencemask

mask /mɑ�sk/ noun a face coveringworn as protection or as a means of dis-guise � The terrorists were wearingmasks. � verb 1. to conceal � Thathedge will mask our withdrawal. 2.mask up =mass

mass /m�s/ noun 1. a large quantity ofsomething � There is a huge mass of ref-ugees at the frontier. � There are massesof refugees at the frontier. (NOTE: can beused in singular or plural form) 2. (as aprincipal of war) a concentration oftroops and firepower at a decisive point� verb to concentrate in large numbers �Enemy troops are massing on the bor-der.massacre

massacre /�m�səkə/ noun an inci-dent involving the killing of a largenumber of people � We are receiving re-ports of a massacre in Malmédy. � verbto kill a large number of people (in oneincident) � The villagers were massa-cred by the retreating troops.mast

mast /mɑ�st/ noun a tall metal struc-ture, usually situated on high ground,for supporting communications equip-ment (e.g. television, radio, mobile tel-ephone technology)master chief petty officer

master chief petty officer /�mɑ�stə�tʃi�f �peti �ɒfsə/ noun US a seniornon-commissioned officer (SNCO) inthe navymaster gunnery sergeant

master gunnery sergeant/�mɑ�stə �(�nəri �sɑ�d%ənt/ noun US asenior non-commissioned officer (SN-CO) in the marinesmaster sergeant

master sergeant /�mɑ�stə�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun US a senior non-com-missioned officer (SNCO) in the army,marines or air force

master warrant officer

master warrant officer /�mɑ�stə�wɒrənt �ɒfsə/ noun a rank for a seniorwarrant officer in the armed forces ofthe US and some other countriesmaterial

material /mə|�təriəl/ noun 1. any sub-stance from which things can be made �This armour is made of steel and othermaterials. 2. a fabric or cloth � The newuniforms are made of flame-resistantmaterial. 3. information or data � Thismaterial is classified secret.materiel

materiel /mə |�təri|�el/ noun equipmentand supplies (as opposed to personnel)� Logistics involves the purchase, trans-port and storage of materiel.

COMMENT: The department responsi-ble for materiel in a headquarters isknown as G4.

Matterhorn

Matterhorn /�m�təhɔ�n/ noun a typeof military boot made of soft leatherwith a Gortex liningmaul

maul /mɔ�l/ verb to inflict a lot of cas-ualties � The brigade was badlymauled. (NOTE: This verb is normallyused in the passive.)Maverick

Maverick /�m�vərk/ noun an Ameri-can-designed air-to-ground missile(AGM)MAW

MAW abbreviation medium anti-tankweaponMBA

MBA abbreviation main battle areaMBT

MBT abbreviation main battle tankMCCP

MCCP abbreviation movement controland check-pointMCT

MCT(S) /�em si� ti� �es/ noun a variantof Spartan armoured personnel carrier,adapted to fire Milan ATGW. Full formMilan compact turret (Spartan)meal ready-to-eat

meal ready-to-eat /�mi�l �redi tə �i�t/noun full form of MREmean point of impact

mean point of impact /�mi�n pɔntəv m|�p�kt/ noun full form of MPImeans

means /mi�nz/ noun a radio terminol-ogy for a type of communications sys-tem (e.g.: radio or telephone or fax or e-mail, etc.) � Hello 22, this is 2, changeto secure means, over.measurement and signature intelligence

measurement and signature in-telligence /�me%əmənt ən �s(ntʃən|�teld%əns/ noun full form ofMASINT


155 MELMEB

MEB /�em i� �bi�/ noun US a divisional-scale combined-arms grouping ofBLTs, helicopter squadrons and logis-tics units. Full form marine expedi-tionary brigademech

mech /mek/ abbreviation mechanizedinfantrymechanic

mechanic /m|�k�nk/ noun a personwho repairs and services machinerymechanized

mechanized /�mekənazd/, mecha-nised adjective equipped with machin-ery, especially transport

COMMENT: Mechanized infantryequipped with infantry fighting vehi-cles (IFVs) are often referred to as ar-moured infantry.

mechanized battalion

mechanized battalion/�mekənazd bə |�t�ljən/ noun an infan-try battalion equipped with armouredpersonnel carriers (APCs) or infantryfighting vehicles (IFVs)mechanized infantry

mechanized infantry /�mekənazd�nfəntri/ noun infantry equipped witharmoured personnel carriers (APC) orinfantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) � Theinfantry are crossing the bridge. � ma-rine (NOTE: no plural; the word is fol-lowed by a plural verb:)mech-heavy task force

mech-heavy task force /�mek �hevi�tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/ noun three infantry compa-nies and one tank companymedal

medal /�med(ə)l/ noun an insignia(usually consisting of a metal cross,disk or star suspended from a piece ofcoloured fabric), which denotes thewearer’s participation in a campaign ortour of operational duty, or that thewearer has received an award for brav-ery or for an outstanding achievement(usually during operational service)medal ribbon

medal ribbon /�med(ə)l �rbən/ nouna piece of coloured fabric, which isworn on the breast of a uniform, to showthat the wearer has received a medal.Also called decorationMédecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières/�meds�n sɒn �frɒnti|�eə/ noun a non-governmental organization (NGO)which is dedicated to providing medicaltreatment to all casualties, regardless ofnationality, during an armed conflict.Abbr MSF

MEDEVAC

MEDEVAC /�mediv�k/, medevacnoun the evacuation of a person due toillness rather than injury � We need toarrange a MEDEVAC. Full form medi-cal evacuation � verb to evacuate an illperson � He was MEDEVACed becausehe had malaria.media

media /�mi�diə/ noun a general termfor the television, radio and newspa-pers, and the reporters who work forthemmedic

medic /�medk/ noun a person who isnot a doctor, but is trained to give med-ical treatmentmedical

medical /�medk(ə)l/ adjective relat-ing to the treatment of illness and injurymedical cover

medical cover /�medk(ə)l �k�və/noun medical personnel, ambulances,etc., which are available in the event ofcasualtiesmedical evacuation

medical evacuation /�medk(ə)l |

�v�kju|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun full form ofMEDEVACmedical officer

medical officer /�medk(ə)l �ɒfsə/noun a doctor attached to a unit. AbbrMOmedium

medium /�mi�diəm/ adjective 1. nei-ther light nor heavy 2. neither small norlargemedium anti-tank weapon

medium anti-tank weapon/�mi�diəm ��nti �t�ŋk �wepən/ noun aman-portable launcher designed to firea powerful anti-tank rocket or missile.Abbr MAWmeeting engagement

meeting engagement /�mi�tŋ n|

�(ed%mənt/ noun a fight between op-posing forces which is unplanned andtakes place at an unexpected time andplaceMEF

MEF /�em i� �ef/ noun US a corps-scalecombined-arms grouping of BLTs, hel-icopter squadrons and logistics units.Full form marine expeditionary forcemegaton

megaton /�me(ət�n/ noun a unit ofexplosive power, corresponding to thatproduced by one million tons of TNTMEL

MEL /�em i� �el/ noun a vehicle de-signed to carry and launch a surface-to-surface missile (SSM). Full form mo-bile erector launcher. � TEL


Mentioned in Dispatches 156Mentioned in Dispatches

Mentioned in Dispatches/�menʃənd n ds|�p�tʃz/ noun a Brit-ish award in recognition of achievementon operational service. Abbr MIDmercenary

mercenary /�m$�s(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun aperson who serves in the armed forcesof another state for payment � Therebels are led by foreign mercenaries.

COMMENT: The term mercenary isnot usually applied to soldiers servingin officially recruited foreign units,such as the Gurkhas, or the Frenchand Spanish Foreign Legions.

merchant navy

merchant navy /�m$�tʃənt �nevi/noun a state’s commercial shippingMerkava

Merkava /m$�|�kɑ�v�/ noun an Israeli-designed 1980s-era main battle tank(MBT)mess

mess /mes/ noun 1. a place whereservicemen of equal or similar rank eatand relax together � the officers’ mess �the sergeants’ mess 2. a meal � He’s atmess.message

message /�mesd%/ noun a verbal orwritten instruction, request, question orstatement, which is passed from oneperson to anothermessenger

messenger /�mesnd%ə/ noun a per-son who delivers messagesmess hall

mess hall /�mes hɔ�l/ noun a buildingwhere servicemen eat their mealsmess-kit

mess-kit /�mes kt/ noun ceremonialuniform for evening wearmess night

mess night /�mes nat/ noun a formaldinner in a mess, where mess-kit isworn and certain customs and traditionsare observedmess tin

mess tin /�mes tn/ noun a metal con-tainer designed for cooking food in thefield and also for use as a plate or dishmet

met /met/ abbreviation 1. meteorolog-ical 2. meteorologymetal detector

metal detector /�met(ə)l d|�tektə/noun a portable electronic device whichis used to detect metal objects buried inthe groundmetalled US metaled

metalled US metaled /�metəld/ ad-jective (of roads) covered with a pre-pared surface of gravel or small stones(NOTE: Also used, in a general sense, todescribe a surface of asphalt or tar-mac.)

meteorological

meteorological /�mi�tiərə|

�lɒd%k(ə)l/ adjective relating to mete-orologymeteorological office

meteorological office, met officenoun a British government establish-ment for the study and prediction ofweather conditionsmeteorology

meteorology /�mi�tiə|�rɒləd%i/ noun astudy of the weathermetric ton

metric ton /�metrk �t�n/, tonne/t�n/ noun a unit of weight correspond-ing to 1,000 kilogramsMETT-T

METT-T /�met �ti�/ noun US factorswhich a commander must considerwhen making his appreciation. Fullform mission, enemy, terrain, troopsavailable, timeMEU

MEU /�em i� �ju�/ noun US a brigade-scale combined-arms grouping, basedon a battalion landing team (BLT), asquadron of helicopters (attack and util-ity) and a logistics battalion, which canbe reinforced by more BLTs as the tac-tical situation requires. Full form ma-rine expeditionary unit

COMMENT: At any time, the USA usu-ally has at least three MEUs at sea invarious parts of the world, ready torespond to any crisis in which Ameri-can interests might be at risk.

MFC

MFC abbreviation mortar-fire control-lerMG

MG abbreviation machine-gunMGRS

MGRS /�em d%i� ɑ� �es/ noun a world-wide series of maps which are compati-ble with the GPS satellite navigationsystem. Full form military grid refer-ence systemMi

Mi /�em �a/ noun a Soviet-designed se-ries of helicoptersMi-6

Mi-6 noun a transport helicopter knownto NATO as the HookMi-8

Mi-8 /�em �a et/ noun a transport hel-icopter known to NATO as the HipMi-17

Mi-17 noun an updated version of theHip Mi-8 transport helicopterMi-24

Mi-24 noun an attack helicopter knownto NATO as the HindMi-28

Mi-28 noun an attack helicopter knownto NATO as the Havoc


157 military grid reference systemMi-35

Mi-35 noun an updated version of theHind Mi-24 attack helicopterMIA

MIA abbreviation missing in actionMICLIC

MICLIC /�mklk/ noun US an appara-tus for clearing a lane through a mine-field, consisting of a long length of flex-ible tube filled with explosive, which isfired into the minefield by means of arocket, and then detonated. Full formmine-clearing line charge. � Giant Vi-permicrophone

microphone /�makrəfəυn/ noun 1.an instrument (forming part of an inter-com, radio or telephone mouthpiece)which converts sound into electromag-netic waves 2. the mouthpiece of an in-tercom or radioMID

MID abbreviation Mentioned in Dis-patchesmid-air

mid-air /�md eə/ noun, adjective, ad-verb while flying, in the air � a mid-aircollision � The helicopters collided inmid-air.middle distance

middle distance /�md(ə)l �dstəns/noun an area half way between an ob-server’s location and the horizonmiddle watch

middle watch /�md(ə)l �wɒtʃ/ nounthe period of duty from 0001–0400hrsmidshipman

midshipman /�mdʃpmən/ noun thelowest officer rank in the navy (an offic-er in training)MiG

MiG /m(/ noun a Soviet-designed se-ries of fighter aircraftMiG-21

MiG-21 noun a fighter aircraft withsecondary ground attack role known toNATO as FishbedMiG-23

MiG-23 noun a multirole fighterknown to NATO as FloggerMiG-25

MiG-25 noun a high-altitude intercep-tor known to NATO as FoxbatMiG-27

MiG-27 noun an updated version ofFloggerMiG-29

MiG-29 noun a multirole fighter air-craft known to NATO as FulcrumMig-31

Mig-31 noun a strategic interceptorknown to NATO as Foxhoundmike

mike /mak/ noun (informal ) 1. a mi-crophone 2. the mouthpiece of an inter-com or radio

Mike

Mike /mak/ noun thirteenth letter ofthe phonetic alphabet (Mm)mil

mil /ml/ noun a unit of measurementfor angles or bearings (NOTE: There are6,400 mils in a circle. 6,400 mils are theequivalent of 360 degrees.)

COMMENT: Many armies use mils in-stead of degrees in order to measurebearings, because they offer greaterprecision.

Mil

Mil abbreviation militaryMilan

Milan /m|�l�n/ noun a French/Ger-man-designed wire-guided anti-tankmissile (ATGW)Milan compact turret

Milan compact turret (Spartan)/m|�l�n �kɒmp�kt �t�rt/ noun fullform of MCT(S)Milbank bag

Milbank bag /�mlb�ŋk b�(/ noun afabric bag, which is designed to filterdirty watermile

mile /mal/ noun a unit of linear meas-urement, corresponding to 1,760 yardsor 1,609 metresmileage

mileage /�mald%/ noun the numberof miles travelledMILES

MILES /malz/ noun an American-de-signed battle-simulation technologywhich uses harmless laser beams tosimulate the firing of weapons, and la-ser detectors to record hits. Full formmultiple integrated laser engage-ment systemmilitarize

militarize /�mltəraz/, militariseverb to adapt for military usemilitary

military /�mlt(ə)ri/ adjective relatingto the armed forces (such as air force,army and navy) � military intelligence �noun � the military the armed forces(in general) � the new government pro-posals are being resisted by the militarymilitary academy

military academy /�mlt(ə)ri ə|

�k�dəmi/ noun a college which trainsstudents to become officers in thearmed forcesmilitary attaché

military attaché /�mlt(ə)ri ə |�t�ʃe/noun an officer attached to an ambassa-dor’s staff in order to deal with militarymattersmilitary grid reference system

military grid reference system/�mlt(ə)ri �(rd �ref(ə)rəns �sstəm/noun a world-wide series of maps


military hospital 158

which are compatible with the GPS sat-ellite navigation system. Abbr MGRSmilitary hospital

military hospital /�mlt(ə)ri�hɒspt(ə)l/ noun a hospital for wound-ed military personnelmilitary observer

military observer /�mlt(ə)ri əb|

�z$�və/ noun a person (usually a serv-iceman), who observes the activities ofanother state’s armed forces (especiallyon operations). Abbr MILOBmilitary occupational specialty

military occupational specialty/�mlt(ə)ri �ɒkjυpeʃ(ə)nəl�speʃ(ə)lti/ noun the type of work that amember of the armed forces specialisesin, e.g. personnel or supply. Abbr MOSmilitary or tactical crest

military or tactical crest/�mlt(ə)ri ɔ� �t�ktk(ə)l �krest/ nouna highest point of a slope, from whichthere is an unrestricted view down to thebottommilitary police

military police /�mlt(ə)ri pə|�li�s/noun the organization responsible forpolice duties within the armed forcesmilitary policeman

military policeman /�mlt(ə)ri pə|

�li�smən/ noun a member of the mili-tary police � A military policeman di-rected us to the Brigade RV. Abbr MPmilitary service

military service /�mlt(ə)ri �s$�vs/noun service in one of the armed forces� All men of 18 years and over and re-quired to do two years’ military service.military time

military time /�mlt(ə)ri �tam/ nountime as measured by the 24-hour clockmilitia

militia /m|�lʃə/ noun 1. a militaryforce which is raised to supplement theregular army in the defence of a state’ssovereign territory, and which does notnormally serve overseas (historical ) 2. amilitary-style police force (mainly re-sponsible for maintaining public order)MILOB

MILOB /�malɒb/ abbreviation militaryobservermine

mine /man/ noun 1. an explosive de-vice which is buried in or placed on thesurface of the ground, and is designedto detonate when a person steps on it ora vehicle drives over it. Also called landmine 2. an explosive device which isplaced into or under water, and is de-signed to detonate when a boat or shiphits it or passes over it 3. a tunnel whichis dug in order to detonate an explosive

charge under an enemy fortification 4. atunnel or large hole, which is dug intothe ground in order to extract minerals �verb 1. to lay mines in the ground or inwater � The road has been mined. 2. totunnel under an enemy fortification �

The engineers are mining under the for-ward enemy trench positions. 3. to ex-tract minerals from the groundmine-clearing line charge

mine-clearing line charge /�man�klərŋ �lan �t%ɑ�d%/ noun full form ofMICLICmine-detector

mine-detector /�man d|�tektə/ nouna device designed to locate minesminefield

minefield /�manfi�ld/ noun an area ofground or sea in which mines have beenlaidminelayer

minelayer /�manleə/ noun 1. an air-craft which scatters mines onto theground 2. a ship which places minesinto the water 3. a vehicle which placesmines into or on top of the groundmine plough

mine plough /�man plaυ/ noun animplement which is fitted to the front ofan armoured vehicle and is designed tobreak up the ground, in order to dig upor detonate minesmine plow

mine plow /�man plaυ/ noun USspelling of mine ploughminesweeper

minesweeper /�manswi�pə/ noun aship which is designed to destroy float-ing and underwater minesmine tape

mine tape /�man tep/ noun a whiteor florescent tape, designed for markinglanes through a minefield or for mark-ing a boundaryminiflare

miniflare /�mnifleə/ noun a small il-lumination flare, produced in severaldifferent colours, which is fired from asimple hand-held launcher and is usedmainly for signallingMinistry of Defence

Ministry of Defence /�mnstri əvd|�fens/ noun a British government de-partment dealing with the armed forces� The Ministry of defence has refused tocomment on the situation. � He works atthe MOD. Abbr MOD (NOTE: The Amer-ican equivalent is the Department ofDefense or Pentagon)minute

minute /�mnt/ noun a unit of time,corresponding to sixty seconds or a six-tieth part of one hour


159 mobileMirage

Mirage /m |�rɑ�%/ noun a French-de-signed fighter aircraftMIRV

MIRV /m$�v/ noun a ballistic missilewhich carries several warheads, each ofwhich is delivered to a different target.Full form multiple independently-tar-geted re-entry vehiclemisdemeanour

misdemeanour /�msd|�mi�nə/ noundoing something illegal or in contraven-tion of regulations (but usually not veryserious) � He’s always going in front ofhis company commander for minor mis-demeanours.misfire

misfire /mis|�faə/ noun (of ammuni-tion or weapons) an act of not firing �

The battalions have reported a largenumber misfires with the new ammuni-tion. � verb (of ammunition or weap-ons) to fail to fire � His rifle misfired.misinformation

misinformation /�msnfə|�meʃən/noun the deliberate use of incorrect in-formation in order to deceive or misleadmiss

miss /ms/ noun an act of missing atarget � The FOO has reported a misson the last fire mission. � verb 1. to failto hit a target � He missed the tank. 2. tofail to keep an appointment � He missedthe briefing.missile

missile /�msal/ noun an explosiveprojectile, containing its own propellantand usually equipped with a guidancesystem to control its flight onto the tar-get � The plane was brought down by anenemy missile.missile battery

missile battery /�msal �b�t(ə)ri/noun a number of missile launchers op-erating together as a unitmissile launcher

missile launcher /�msal �lɔ�ntʃə/noun an apparatus or vehicle fromwhich a missile is firedmissile system

missile system /�msal �sstəm/noun a missile launcher and its missilesmissing

missing /�msŋ/ adjective separatedfrom your unit during operational duty,and possibly dead, wounded or cap-tured by the enemy � He has been re-ported missing.missing in action

missing in action /�msŋ n��kʃən/ adjective referring to a service-man who has gone missing during a bat-tle. Abbr MIA

mission

mission /�mʃ(ə)n/ noun a specifictask assigned to a tactical grouping �

Our mission is to capture the bridge.mission, enemy, terrain, troops available, time

mission, enemy, terrain, troopsavailable, time noun full form ofMETT-Tmission accomplished

mission accomplished /�mʃ(ə)n ə|

�k�mplʃt/ noun mission completedmission analysis

mission analysis /�mʃ(ə)n ə |

�n�ləss/ noun a process where a subor-dinate examines his mission in order toidentify the intentions of his command-er and thereby determine what action heshould take or be prepared to take sothat those intentions will be achieved

COMMENT: Mission analysis is an es-sential part of directive command

mission creep

mission creep /�mʃ(ə)n kri�p/ nounalteration to an original mission, in re-sponse to a changing situation (e.g.troops being deployed to a disaster areato help in the rescue work, and thenhaving to assist the local authorities inrestoring order because rioting has bro-ken out over a shortage of food)mission-oriented protective posture

mission-oriented protectiveposture /�mʃ(ə)n �ɔ�rientd prə|

�tektv �pɒstʃə/ noun full form ofMOPPmist

mist /mst/ noun 1. a cloud of watervapour suspended in the air, close to theground 2. something which looks likemistmist up

mist up /�mst ��p/ verb (of glass) tobecome obscured by water vapour, sothat visibility is obscured � My weaponsight keeps misting up.misty

misty /�msti/ adjective obscured bymistMk

Mk abbreviation markMLRS

MLRS /�em el ɑ� �es/ noun an Ameri-can-designed multiple rocket launcher(MRL). Full form multiple-launchrocket systemMNC

MNC abbreviation 1. Major NATOCommand 2. Major NATO CommanderMO

MO abbreviation medical officerMOAB

MOAB abbreviation Massive Ord-nance Airburst Bomb. � GBU-43/Bmobile

mobile /�məυbal/ adjective designedfor movement


mobile air operations team 160mobile air operations team

mobile air operations team/�məυbal �eə �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz �ti�m/noun full form of MAOTmobile army surgical hospital

mobile army surgical hospital/�məυbal �ɑ�mi �s$�d%k(ə)l�hɒspt(ə)l/ noun full form of MASHmobile army surgical unit

mobile army surgical unit/�məυbal �ɑ�mi �s$�d%k(ə)l �ju�nt/noun US a field hospital. Abbr MASHmobile defence

mobile defence /�məυbal d|�fens/noun a defensive doctrine employingthe principles of manoeuvre warfare.Compare positional defence, staticdefence

COMMENT: In mobile defence, theholding of ground is of secondary im-portance, since the primary objectiveis to destroy the cohesion of an at-tacking force through the aggressiveuse of manoeuvre.

mobile-erector launcher

mobile-erector launcher/�məυbal |�rektə �lɔ�ntʃə/ noun fullform of MELmobile training team

mobile training team /�məυbal�trenŋ �ti�m/ noun a US small groupof instructors sent to give military train-ing to the armed forces of another coun-try. Abbr MTTmobility

mobility /məυ|�blti/ noun the abilityof a military force to move from oneplace to anothermobilization

mobilization /�məυbla|�zeʃ(ə)n/,mobilisation noun a state’s prepara-tions for war by bringing soldiers to-gether and organizing equipment, am-munition, etc. so that armed forces aretrained and ready for action � The gov-ernment ordered a general mobiliza-tion.mobilize

mobilize /�məυblaz/, mobilise verbto prepare armed forces for war bybringing them together � They are wor-ried because the neighbouring stateshave mobilized. Compare immobilizeMOD

MOD abbreviation Ministry of Defencemodel

model /�mɒd(ə)l/ noun a representa-tion (roughly to scale) of the groundover which an operation will take place,which is used as an aid to briefing theparticipants

COMMENT: An efficient commanderwill normally carry a simple modelling

kit, consisting of lengths of ribbon,coloured card and other suitable ob-jects (e.g. houses or hotels from aMonopolyÔ set) to assist him in thistask.

MOD Police

MOD Police /�em əυ �di� pə �li�s/noun a civilian police force responsiblefor dealing with offences committed bycivilians on property owned by the Min-istry of Defence (e.g. airfields, bar-racks, depots, training areas, etc.)Modular Lightweight Load-bearing Equipment

Modular Lightweight Load-bear-ing Equipment /�mɒdjυlə �latwet�ləυd �beərŋ |�kwpmənt/ noun fullform of MOLLEMOLLE

MOLLE noun a waterproof backpackwith removable sections for carryingweapons and ammunition. Full formModular Lightweight Load-bearingEquipmentMolotov cocktail

Molotov cocktail /�mɒlətɒf�kɒktel/ noun an improvised incendi-ary device consisting of a bottle filledwith petrol and fitted with a wick of fab-ric, which is lit and then thrown at a tar-get. � petrol bombmomentum

momentum /məυ|�mentəm/ noun theforward movement of an advance or at-tack � If we do not take that position im-mediately, the whole attack will losemomentum.monarch

monarch /�mɒnək/ noun a king orqueenmonitor

monitor /�mɒntə/ verb 1. (of radio) tolisten to other people’s radio transmis-sions, in order to know what is happen-ing � We are monitoring B Company’snet. 2. (of incidents or situations) to findout what is happening, without gettinginvolved � UN observers are monitor-ing the ceasefire. � noun part of a sur-veillance or detection system which theoperator looks at or listens to (e.g. tele-vision screen in a CCTV system) � Thismonitor is not working.monsoon

monsoon /mɒn|�su�n/ noun a seasonof heavy rain in southern Asia. Com-pare dry season, rainy seasonmonument

monument /�mɒnjυmənt/ noun alarge ornamental structure, usually builtto commemorate an important person orhistorical event


161 mountedmoor

moor /mυə/ noun a large area of flat,uncultivated high ground, usually cov-ered by heather or coarse grass � We ad-vanced across the moor. � verb to se-cure a boat or ship to an anchor or anobject on the shore, in order to stop itdrifting � They moored the ship near theentrance to the harbour.moorland

moorland /�mυələnd/ noun terrainconsisting mainly of moorsMOPP

MOPP /mɒp/ noun US a state of read-iness against chemical attack, which de-termines what protective measuresshould be taken. Full form mission-ori-ented protective posturemoral courage

moral courage /�mɒrəl �k�rd%/noun the ability to disagree with or rep-rimand other people � Although he isvery brave under fire, he lacks the mor-al courage to control his NCOs. � brav-erymoral cowardice

moral cowardice /�mɒrəl �kaυəds/noun reluctance to disagree with or rep-rimand other people, even when youthink that you are rightmorale

morale /mə|�rɑ�l/ noun a mental atti-tude, in relation to happiness and confi-dence � Morale is very high at the mo-ment. � The enemy is suffering from lowmorale.morning watch

morning watch /�mɔ�nŋ wɒtʃ/ nounthe period of duty from 0400–0800hrsmorphine

morphine /�mɔ�fi�n/ noun a drug usedto relieve painMorse code

Morse code /�mɔ�s �kəυd/ noun aninternational code, in which letters ofthe alphabet are represented by combi-nations of short signals (dots) and longsignals (dashes) � He sent the messagein Morse.mortal

mortal /�mɔ�t(ə)l/ adjective (ofwounds) causing death � The wound isprobably mortal.mortally

mortally /�mɔ�t(ə)li/ adverb (ofwounding) causing death � He was mor-tally wounded in the battle.mortar

mortar /�mɔ�tə/ noun a simple indi-rect-fire weapon, which is designed tofire projectiles at very high trajectories� verb to fire at a target with a mortar �

‘Hullo 2 this is 22, am being mortared,wait out’

COMMENT: Mortars are normally usedby the infantry, and provide a unitwith its own indirect fire support.

mortar-fire controller

mortar-fire controller /�mɔ�tə faəkən |�trəυlə/ noun a non-commissionedofficer (NCO) from the mortar platoon,who is attached to a rifle company in or-der to direct mortar fire. Abbr MFCmortar line

mortar line /�mɔ�tə lan/ noun the fireposition used by several mortarsMOS

MOS abbreviation US military occupa-tional specialtymosque

mosque /mɒsk/ noun a building usedfor religious worship by Muslims, thefollowers of Islammotorized

motorized, motorised adjective (oftroops) equipped with vehiclesmotor-rifle

motor-rifle /�məυtə �raf(ə)l/ adjec-tive (of infantry) Soviet term for mecha-nized � We have a motor-rifle regimentfacing us.motor transport

motor transport /�məυtə�tr�nspɔ�t/ noun full form of MTMotor Transport Officer

Motor Transport Officer /�məυtətr�ns|�pɔ�t �ɒfsə/ noun full form ofMTOmotorway

motorway /�məυtəwe/ noun a largeroad, with several lanes, which is de-signed for fast trafficmount

mount /maυnt/ noun a supportingstructure for a weapon or other equip-ment � verb 1. (of attacks, campaigns,operations, etc.) to plan, prepare andcarry out � This is the biggest operationwhich has ever been mounted by the al-lies. 2. (of weapons and other equip-ment) to attach to supporting structure �This machine-gun can be mounted on atripod. 3. to get onto a horse (historical)� He mounted and rode away. 4. to getinto a high vehicle � He was shot as hewas mounting his tank.mountain

mountain /�maυntn/ noun very highland, rising much higher than the landsurrounding it � The plane crashed inthe mountains.mountainous

mountainous /�maυntnəs/ adjective(of terrain) consisting mainly of moun-tainsmounted

mounted /�maυntd/ adjective ridingon a horse


mounting 162mounting

mounting /�maυntŋ/ noun 1. a sup-porting structure for a weapon or otherequipment � The gun has come loosefrom its mounting. 2. an action of pre-paring an operation, including the as-sembly of forces, embarkation intotransport, etc.mounting area

mounting area /�maυntŋ �eəriə/noun a place where forces are assem-bled ready to be moved to the scene ofan operationmouseholing

mouseholing /�m�ushəυlŋ/ noun aFIBUA tactic of blowing a hole into thewall of a building in order to provide anentry for infantrymen � We cleared eachhouse by mouseholing through the atticand then checking every room from topto bottom.MOUT

MOUT /m�υt/ abbreviation US mili-tary operations in urban terrainmovement

movement /�mu�vmənt/ noun an ac-tion of moving personnel, equipment orsupplies from one place to anothermovement control

movement control /�mu�vmənt kən|

�trəυl/ noun the planning and schedul-ing of the movement of personnel,equipment or supplies from one place toanotherMP

MP abbreviation military policemanMP-5

MP-5 /�em pi� �fav/ noun a German-designed 9mm sub-machine-gunMP-5K

MP-5K noun a shortened version of theMP-5MPH

MPH, mph abbreviation miles per hourMPI

MPI /�em pi� �a/ noun the centre of agrouping of shots fired at a target (espe-cially when zeroing) � Your MPI is 4cmto the left of the aiming mark. Full formmean point of impactMRE

MRE /�em ɑ� �i�/ noun American-pro-duced individual ration of food. Fullform meal ready-to-eatMRL

MRL abbreviation multiple rocketlauncherMSC

MSC abbreviation major subordinatecommandMSF

MSF abbreviation Médecins SansFrontièresMSR

MSR abbreviation main supply routeMST

MST abbreviation mobile surgical team

MT

MT /�em �ti�/ noun all vehicles held bya unit � The battalion’s MT will move tothe exercise area by rail. Full form mo-tor transportMT-LB

MT-LB /�em ti� el �bi�/ noun a Soviet-designed multi-purpose armoured per-sonnel carrier (APC)MTO

MTO /�em ti� �əυ/ noun an officer withoverall responsibility for a unit’s vehi-cles. Full form Motor Transport Offic-erMT Platoon

MT Platoon /�em �ti� plə|�tu�n/ noun aplatoon consisting of the drivers of aunit’s wheeled transport vehiclesMTT

MTT /�em ti� ti�/ noun US a smallgroup of instructors sent to give militarytraining to the armed forces of anothercountry. Full form mobile trainingteammud

mud /m�d/ noun wet soilmuddy

muddy /�m�di/ adjective 1. coveredwith mud 2. (of ground) consistingmainly of mudmudflat

mudflat /�m�dfl�t/ noun a wide areaof mud along the edge of a river or lakeor seamufti

mufti /�m�fti/ noun civilian clothing(informal ) � He was in mufti.mujahideen

mujahideen /�mu�d%əhə|�di�n/ nounArabic a Muslim guerrilla, who believesthat he is fighting a ‘holy war’ in de-fence of the Islamic faith. � jihadmule

mule /mju�l/ noun a four-legged ani-mal produced by mating a horse with adonkey, which is suitable for carryingloads over rough terrain

COMMENT: Mules were used exten-sively as transport animals during theSecond World War.

muleteer

muleteer /�mju�l |�tə/ noun a personin charge of a mule � The muleteers willbe attached to Headquarter Company.mullah

mullah /�m�lə/ noun a Muslim priest �Mullahs have been inciting the crowd.multinational

multinational /�m�lti|�n�ʃ(ə)nəl/ ad-jective (of military forces) consisting ofcontingents from several different na-tions � The multinational force is madeup of British and German divisions.multinational logistics

multinational logistics/�m�ltin�ʃ(ə)nəl lə|�d%stks/ noun


163 muzzle

supporting operations which are madeup of forces from different nationsmultiple

multiple /�m�ltp(ə)l/ adjective con-sisting of several parts � noun a patrol,consisting of several teams which movealong different routes, but are alwaysable to support each othermultiple independently-targeted re-entry vehicle

multiple independently-targetedre-entry vehicle noun full form ofMIRVmultiple integrated laser engagement system

multiple integrated laser en-gagement system /�m�ltp(ə)l�nt(retd �lezə n |�(ed%mənt�sstəm/ noun full form of MILESmultiple-launch rocket system

multiple-launch rocket system/�m�ltp(ə)l lɔ�ntʃ �rɒkt �sstəm/noun full form of MLRSmultiple rocket launcher

multiple rocket launcher/�m�ltp(ə)l �rɒkt �lɔ�ntʃə/ noun arocket launcher which fires severalrockets at the same time. Abbr MRLmulti-purpose

multi-purpose /�m�lti �p$�pəs/ ad-jective having several different purpos-esmultirole

multirole /�m�lti|�rəυl/ adjective hav-ing several different roles or functions �The Americans are developing a multi-role fighter.munition

munition /mju�|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun anytype of explosive device which is usedas a weapon (such as a bomb, grenade,mine, projectile, etc.) � The bomb hit amunitions store.munitionize

munitionize, munitionise verb sameas weaponizemunitions factory

munitions factory /mju�|�nʃ(ə)nz�f�kt(ə)ri/ noun a factory wherebombs, shells, etc., are mademurder

murder /�m$�də/ noun an unlawfulkilling of a person � He was accused ofmurder. � verb to kill a person withoutlegal justification � The mayor of thetown has been murdered.Murphy’s Law

Murphy’s Law /�m$�fiz �lɔ�/ noun apopular idea that if anything can gowrong, then it probably will go wrong �You forgot to take Murphy’s Law intoaccount. � Sod’s Lawmushroom cloud

mushroom cloud /�m�ʃru�m klaυd/noun a mushroom-shaped cloud of

smoke and dust produced by the explo-sion of a nuclear weaponmusket

musket /�m�skt/ noun an obsoletefirearm, similar to a rifle, where the bul-let and propellant are loaded throughthe muzzle (historical)mustard gas

mustard gas /�m�stəd �(�s/ noun atype of gas which causes blisters on ex-posed skinmuster

muster /�m�stə/ noun an act of assem-bling troops � The muster will takeplace at 0800hrs. � verb 1. to assembletroops � They mustered all availableforces. 2. (of troops) to come together �B Company will muster at 0800hrs.muster parade

muster parade /�m�stə pə|�red/noun an assembly of all soldiers at thebeginning of the day to receive instruc-tionsmuster-roll

muster-roll /�m�stə rəυl/ noun an of-ficial list of all people serving in a unitmutilate

mutilate /�mju�tlet/ verb 1. to inflicta wound which causes severe physicaldamage (especially the loss of a limb ororgan) � His face was mutilated byshrapnel. 2. to deliberately inflict sever-al serious wounds on a person or deadbody � The women’s bodies had beenmutilated.mutineer

mutineer /�mju�t|�nə/ noun a serv-iceman who mutiniesmutiny

mutiny /�mju�tni/ noun a rebellion byservicemen against the military author-ities � The mutiny has spread to otherunits. � verb to take part in a mutiny �

Units of the navy have mutinied.mutually supporting

mutually supporting /�mju�tʃυəlsə|�pɔ�|�tŋ/ adjective able to providemutual support � The enemy was welldug-in in mutually supporting posi-tions.mutual support

mutual support /�mju�tʃυəl sə|�pɔ�t/noun the ability of two or more defen-sive positions, groupings or vehicles togive fire support to each other � This isa bad position because there is no mu-tual support between the three platoons.muzzle

muzzle /�m�z(ə)l/ noun the open endof a gun’s barrel


muzzle velocity 164muzzle velocity

muzzle velocity /�m�z(ə)l və |�lɒsti/noun the speed of a projectile, at the

moment when it leaves the muzzle of aweapon


NOVEMBER - NnNAAFI

NAAFI /�n�fi/ noun 1. an organizationresponsible for servicemen’s welfare 2.a bar, canteen or shop which is run bythe NAAFI � full form Navy, Army andAir Force InstitutesNAAFI break

NAAFI break /�n�fi brek/ noun abreak to have a cup of tea or coffeeNAIAD

NAIAD /�na�d/ noun an instrumentwhich detects and warns of the presenceof a nerve agent. Full form nerve agentimmobilised enzyme alarm and de-tectorname tag

name tag /�nem t�(/ noun same asID discnapalm

napalm /�nepɑ�m/ noun jelly madefrom petroleum, which is used as an in-cendiary weaponNAPS

NAPS /n�ps/ plural noun tablets,which are taken at regular intervalswhen the chemical threat is high, in or-der to give the body some resistanceagainst the effects of nerve agents �

We’ve been ordered to start takingNAPS. Full form nerve agent pre-treatment setNATEX

NATEX noun an organization similarto the British NAAFI which providesshops and other services for personnelon some NATO bases. Full form NatoExchangenation

nation /�neʃ(ə)n/ noun a communityof people, united by a common lan-guage and history, who form a statenational

national /�n�ʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective relat-ing to a nation or statenationalist

nationalist /�n�ʃ(ə)nəlst/ adjectiveseeking national independence � noun aperson who is seeking national inde-pendence

nationality

nationality /�n�ʃə|�n�lti/ noun beinga citizen of a particular state � His na-tionality is Czech.national logistic support

national logistic support/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl lə|�d%stk sə|�pɔ�t/ nounlogistic support given by a nation to itsown forces, or as part of a multinationalforceNational Missile Defence

National Missile Defence/�n�ʃ(ə)nəl �msal d|�fens/ noun aprojected American defence shieldagainst hostile ballistic missile attacks,involving the use of anti-missile-mis-siles and missile-destroying lasers car-ried in aircraft or deployed in space sat-ellites. � guided missile, heat-seekingmissile. Abbr NMDnational service

national service /�n�ʃ(ə)nəl�s$�vs/ noun compulsory military serv-iceNATO

NATO /�netəυ/ noun a military alli-ance consisting of the USA, Canada andmost western European states, whichwas originally formed in order to coun-ter the growing threat from the SovietUnion, following the end of the SecondWorld War, and which now acts in apeacekeeping role in support of theUnited Nations. Full form North Atlan-tic Treaty OrganizationNATO accounting unit

NATO accounting unit /�netəυ ə|

�kaυntŋ �ju�nt/ noun a fictitious cur-rency used to calculate costs of con-struction, manpower, etc., which arefunded from a common NATO sourceNATO commander

NATO commander /�netəυ kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun the commander of partof a NATO force. � non-NATO com-manderNATO Exchange

NATO Exchange /�netəυ ks|

�tʃend%/ noun full form of NATEX


NATO military authority 166NATO military authority

NATO military authority /�netəυ�mlt(ə)ri ɔ�|�θɒrti/ noun an organiza-tion or HQ which is part of a NATOcommandNATO – T

NATO – T /�netəυ �ti�/ noun a methodof illuminating a helicopter landingzone at night, by positioning five torch-es in the shape of a capital letter T, withthe stem pointing downwindnatural features

natural features /�n�tʃ(ə)rəl�fi�tʃəz/ plural noun hills, ridges, rivers,valleys, woods, etc.nautical mile

nautical mile /�nɔ�tk(ə)l �mal/ nouna unit of linear measurement at sea, cor-responding to 2,025 yards or 1,852 me-tres. Also called sea milenaval

naval /�nev(ə)l/ adjective 1. relatingto a navy � The British naval capacity inthe Atlantic. 2. relating to war at sea � Itwas the biggest naval engagement ofthe war.naval forces

naval forces /�nev(ə)l �fɔ�sz/ pluralnoun military forces which operate atseanaval gunfire support

naval gunfire support /�nev(ə)l�(�nfaə sə|�pɔ�t/ noun indirect fireprovided by warships in support ofground forces. Abbr NGSnavigable

navigable /�n�v(əb(ə)l/ adjective(of canals, estuaries, rivers, etc.) allow-ing the passage of boats and shipsnavigate

navigate /�n�v(et/ verb to find yourway from one location to anothernavigation

navigation /�n�v|�(eʃ(ə)n/ noun anact or process of navigatingnavigator

navigator /�n�v(etə/ noun an air-crew member who is responsible fornavigationnavy

navy /�nevi/ noun the branch of astate’s armed forces which operates atsea � Ships from several NATO navieswere patrolling the area. � the RoyalNavy (RN) the British navy � the Unit-ed States Navy (USN) the navy of theUSANavy Lynx

Navy Lynx /�nevi lŋks/ noun a Lynxhelicopter modified for operating froma ship. Also called Sea LynxNBC

NBC /�en bi� �si�/ adjective relating tonuclear, biological and chemical war-

fare. Full form nuclear, biological andchemicalNBC state

NBC state /�en bi� �si� �stet/ noun thedegree of possibility or probability thatthe enemy will mount a nuclear, chemi-cal or biological attackNBC suit

NBC suit /�en bi� �si� �su�t/ noun spe-cial clothing, which provides protectionfrom radioactive fallout and biologicaland chemical weapons. Also calledNoddy suitNCO

NCO abbreviation non-commissionedofficer � He sent a squad of men with anNCO to investigate. (NOTE: The pluralform is NCOs /�en �si� �əυz/.)ND

ND abbreviation negligent dischargeneed-to-know

need-to-know /�nid tə �nəυ/ adjec-tive relating to secret information whichis only given to those people who actu-ally need to know it (informal) � I’mafraid that’s need-to-know at the mo-ment, and you don’t need to know it.negative

negative /�ne(ətv/ adjective incor-rect � That is negative. � adverb that isincorrect (radio terminology) � ‘Hullo23D this is 2, are you in position, over?’– ‘23D, negative, over’ Compare af-firmativenegligence

negligence /�ne(ld%əns/ noun 1. alack of attention or proper care � Thedevice malfunctioned because of negli-gence by the operator. � The accidentwas due to the negligence of the safetystaff. 2. a failure to carry out correctprocedure � The officer was accused ofnegligence.negligent

negligent /�ne(ld%ənt/ adjective be-having with negligencenegligent discharge

negligent discharge /�ne(ld%ənt�dstʃɑ�d%/ noun the unintentional fir-ing of a weapon. Abbr ND. Also calledaccidental dischargenerve agent

nerve agent /�n$�v �ed%ənt/ noun achemical agent designed to attack a per-son’s central nervous system � The ene-my are using a nerve agent.nerve agent immobilized enzyme alarm and detector

nerve agent immobilized en-zyme alarm and detector noun fullform of NAIAD


167 NMDnerve agent pre-treatment set

nerve agent pre-treatment set/�n$�v �ed%ənt pri�|�triətmənt �set/noun full form of NAPSnet

net /net/ noun 1. a woven materialmade out of knotted cord, with largeholes 2. a net used as a container (espe-cially for underslung loads) 3. (of radio)a group of radio users (e.g. sub-units ofa battalion, company or platoon), whoare transmitting and receiving on thesame frequency � We are monitoringthe battalion net.neutral

neutral /�nju�trəl/ adjective (of states)not allied to or supporting either of twoopposing sides in a war or conflictneutrality

neutrality /nju�|�tr�lti/ noun a stateof being neutralneutralization

neutralization /�nju�trəla |�zeʃ(ə)n/,neutralisation noun an act of neutraliz-ingneutralize

neutralize /�nju�trəlaz/, neutraliseverb to fire at an enemy, in order to pre-vent him using his weapons. � sup-press

COMMENT: When neutralizing enemyforces, it is not necessary to kill them.The object is simply to make themkeep their heads down.

neutron bomb

neutron bomb /�nju�trɒn bɒm/ nouna tactical nuclear weapon which pro-duces high levels of radiation but littleblast, thereby causing high loss of lifebut comparatively little damage tobuildings and installationsnext of kin

next of kin /�nekst əv �kn/ noun aperson’s closest living relative, whomust be informed in the event of deathor injury or other misfortune

COMMENT: For most married people,the next of kin is their husband orwife. For most unmarried people, it isone of their parents.

NGO

NGO /�en d%i� �əυ/ noun a humanitari-an organization, which is not sponsoredby any particular government, and canthus claim neutral status in a war zone �Several NGOs are already establishedin the region. Full form non-govern-mental organizationNGS

NGS abbreviation naval gunfire sup-portnickname

nickname /�nknem/ noun 1. a name(often humorous), which is given to or

used by a person instead of his realname � His nickname is Ferret. 2. acodename 3. a codewordnicknumber

nicknumber /�nkn�mbə/ noun anumber used to denote a location on thegroundnight

night /nat/ noun a period of darknessbetween sunset and sunrisenight-capable

night-capable /�nat �kepəb(ə)l/ ad-jective able to be used in darknessNighthawk

Nighthawk /�nathɔ�k/ noun � F-117Anight-observation device

night-observation device, night-viewing device, night-vision devicenoun optical equipment which utilizesnight-viewing technologynight sight

night sight /�nat sat/ noun a sightconsisting of an optical instrument suchas an image intensifier or infrared,which improves visibility at nightnight-viewing technology

night-viewing technology /�nat�vju�ŋ tek |�nɒləd%i/ noun opticalequipment which makes it possible tosee things at night (e.g. image intensifi-cation, infrared, thermal imaging, etc.)Nimrod

Nimrod /�nmrɒd/ noun a British-de-signed multi-purpose aircraft, based ona passenger airlinerNimrod MR MK 2

Nimrod MR MK 2 noun a maritimepatrol and anti-submarine aircraftNimrod R MK1

Nimrod R MK1 /�nmrɒd �ɑ� em ke�tu�/ noun an electronic intelligence(ELINT) aircraftNissen hut

Nissen hut /�ns(ə)n h�t/ noun asemi-permanent structure with a curvedroof of corrugated iron which extendsdown to ground level � Your objective isthe group of Nissen huts at the northernend of the airfield.nitroglycerine

nitroglycerine /�natrəυ|�(lsərn/noun a chemical compound, used tomake dynamiteNLT

NLT abbreviation not later than � ACompany requests fuel replen NLT1645hrs.NMD

NMD /�en em �di�/ noun US a projectedAmerican defence shield against hostileballistic missile attacks, involving theuse of anti-missile-missiles and missile-destroying lasers carried in aircraft ordeployed in space satellites. Full formNational Missile Defence


NOD 168COMMENT: NMD is a new develop-ment of the unrealized Strategic De-fence Initiative (SDI) or Star Warsprogramme.

NOD

NOD /nɒd/ abbreviation night observa-tion devicenoddy suit

noddy suit /�nɒdi �su�t/ noun an NBCsuit (slang)NODUF

NODUF /�nəυd�f/, noduf adverb ra-dio terminology indicating that the mes-sage refers to a real situation rather thanan exercise scenario � Hello 2 this is 22,NODUF, casualty with gunshot woundat grid 332598, request CASEVAC,over! � 22 has just sent a noduf messagesaying that someone has been shot.no fixed abode

no fixed abode /�nəυ fkst ə|�bəυd/adjective not having a permanent homeor addressno-fly zone

no-fly zone /nəυ �fla �zəυn/ nounairspace defined by a state or by interna-tional agreement, which the aircraft ofanother state are not allowed to enterno-go area

no-go area /�nəυ �(əυ �eəriə/ noun anarea which is too dangerous for routinepatrolling by security forces or peace-keepers � The eastern part of the townis now a complete no-go area.nomad

nomad /�nəυm�d/ noun a member ofan ethnic group which has no perma-nent home, but travels around from oneplace to another (often with herds of an-imals)nomadic

nomadic /nəυ|�m�dk/ adjective re-lating to nomadsno-man’s-land

no-man’s-land /�nəυ m�nz �l�nd/noun an area of ground between the for-ward positions of two opposing forces �A patrol was sent out into no-man’s-land.non-com

non-com /�nɒn �kɒm/ noun a non-commissioned officer (informal ) � NCOnoncombatant

noncombatant /nɒn|�kɒmbətənt/noun a person who has no military rolein a war or conflict (i.e. a civilian)noncombatant status

noncombatant status /nɒn|

�kɒmbətənt �stetəs/ noun the status ofservicemen who are not directly in-volved in the fighting or the support ofthose who fight (such as chaplains andmedical personnel). Compare combat-ant

non-commissioned officer

non-commissioned officer/�nɒnkəmʃ(ə)nd �ɒfsə/ noun a serv-iceman who holds a supervisory rank,but is not a commissioned officer (suchas a corporal, sergeant, colour sergeant,etc.) � He sent a squad of men with anNCO to investigate. Abbr NCOnon-governmental organization

non-governmental organization/�nɒn �(�vənmentəl �ɔ�(əna|

�zeʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of NGOnon-lethal force

non-lethal force /�nɒn �li�θ(ə)l �fɔ�s/noun an action which may injure a per-son, but will not kill him or hernon-NATO commander

non-NATO commander /nɒn|

�netəυ kə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun a command-er from a country which is not a mem-ber of NATO but who is part of the com-mand structure of a NATO forcenon-persistent

non-persistent /�nɒn pə|�sstənt/ ad-jective (of chemical agents) designed todisperse in the air after a few minutesnorth

north /nɔ�θ/ noun 1. one of the fourmain points of the compass, corre-sponding to a bearing of 0 degrees or 0mils 2. an area to the north of your loca-tion � The enemy are approaching fromthe north. 3. � the North the northernpart of a country � adjective relating tonorth � The landings took place on thenorth coast of France. � north windwind blowing from the north � adverbtowards the north � The enemy is mov-ing north.North Atlantic Treaty

North Atlantic Treaty /�nɔ�θ ət|

�l�ntk �tri�ti/ noun a treaty signed inWashington in 1949 by which NATOwas set upNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization

North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-tion /�nɔ�θ ət|�l�ntk �tri�ti�ɔ�(ənazeʃ(ə)n/ noun full form ofNATOnorthbound

northbound /�nɔ�θbaυnd/ adjectivemoving or leading towards the north � anorthbound convoynortherly

northerly /�nɔ�ðəli/ adjective 1. to-wards the north � They set off in annortherly direction. 2. (of wind) fromthe north 3. situated towards the north �The most northerly point of a country.northern

northern /�nɔ�ð(ə)n/ adjective relat-ing to the north � The northern part ofthe country.


169 NVGNorthern Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere /�nɔ�ð(ə)n�hem|�sfə/ noun an area of the earth’ssurface north of the Equatornorthing

northing /�nɔ�ðŋ/ noun 1. a horizon-tal line of a map grid 2. one of the coor-dinates running from bottom to topacross a map. Compare eastingnorthward

northward /�nɔ�θwəd/ adjective to-wards the north � a northward direction� adverb US towards the north � Thearmy is moving northward.northwards

northwards /�nɔ�θwədz/ adverb to-wards the north � The army is movingnorthwards.notice

notice /�nəυts/ noun 1. a written doc-ument which is displayed in order topass on information or a warning � No-tices about the curfew have been dis-played throughout the town. 2. a speci-fied period of time before somethinghappens � at short notice with littlewarning � the platoon must be ready tomove at short notice � verb to becomeaware of something � He noticed that atank was moving up the road.notice to move

notice to move /�nəυts tə �mu�v/noun a period within which a person orunit must be ready to move � We were atfive minutes’ notice to move. Abbr NTMnotification

notification /�nəυtf|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of informing someonenotify

notify /�nəυtfa/ verb to inform some-one � We were not notified of the changein plan.November

November /nəυ|�vembə/ noun thefourteenth letter of the phonetic alpha-bet (Nn)NTM

NTM abbreviation notice to movenuclear

nuclear /�nju�kliə/ adjective relatingto the use of nuclear energy

COMMENT: Although their meaningsare not identical, the word nuclear

has now superseded atomic for mostgeneral contexts.

nuclear, biological and chemical

nuclear, biological and chemical/�nju�kliə �baəlɒd%k(ə)l ənd�kemk(ə)l/ adjective full form of NBCnuclear deterrent

nuclear deterrent /�nju�kliə d|

�terənt/ noun the possession of nuclearweapons in order to deter an attack by aforeign powernuclear disarmament

nuclear disarmament /�nju�kliəds|�ɑ�məmənt/ noun the removal or de-struction of a country’s nuclear weap-onsnuclear energy

nuclear energy /�nju�kliə �enəd%i/noun energy produced by a nuclear re-actionnuclear power

nuclear power /�nju�kliə �paυə/noun 1. a state which possesses nuclearweapons. � superpower 2. energy pro-duced by a nuclear reactionnuclear-powered

nuclear-powered /�nju�kliə �paυəd/adjective driven or propelled by nuclearpowernuclear response

nuclear response /�nju�kliə r|

�spɒns/ noun the use of nuclear weap-ons in order to defeat or punish an act ofaggression by another statenuclear submarine

nuclear submarine /�nju�kliə�s�bmə|�ri�n/ noun a submarine drivenby nuclear powernuclear warfare

nuclear warfare /�nju�kliə �wɔ�feə/noun warfare involving the use of nu-clear weaponsnuclear weapon

nuclear weapon /�nju�kliə �wepən/noun a bomb or missile or other devicewhich utilises the release of nuclear en-ergy. � NBC, tacticalnuke

nuke /nju�k/ noun a nuclear weapon �verb to attack with nuclear weapons �

Let’s nuke them!NVG

NVG abbreviation night-viewing gog-gles


OSCAR - Oooasis

oasis /əυ|�ess/ noun a place in adesert where water can be found � Afterthree days they came to an oasis. (NOTE:The plural form is oases /əυ|�esi�z/.)oath of service

oath of service /�əυθ əv �s$�vs/noun a solemn promise of loyalty andobedience made by people when join-ing the armed forcesobey

obey /ə |�be/ verb to carry out a com-mand or order � The soldiers werecourt-martialled for refusing to obeyorders.objective

objective /əb |�d%ektv/ noun 1. some-thing which must be accomplished orachieved � Our first objective is to im-prove radio security throughout the bri-gade. 2. a location or position whichmust be destroyed or captured � Theplatoon will reorganize on the objec-tive.obscure

obscure /əb|�skjυə/ verb to makesomething difficult to see � The objec-tive is obscured by smoke.observation

observation /�ɒbzə|�veʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of observingobservation post

observation post /�ɒbzə|�veʃ(ə)n�pəυst/ noun 1. a covert position fromwhich an area of ground may be ob-served � An enemy OP has been locatedat grid 882014. 2. troops occupying anobservation post � All of the OP werecaptured. � abbr OPobservation post vehicle

observation post vehicle /�ɒbzə|

�veʃ(ə)n pəυst �vi�k(ə)l/ noun fullform of OPVobserve

observe /əb|�z$�v/ verb to look at orwatch something � We can observe theroad from that hill.observer

observer /əb|�z$�və/ noun a personwho observes

obsolescent

obsolescent /�ɒbsə|�les(ə)nt/ adjec-tive no longer in general use (because itis in the process of being replaced bysomething more modern) � The enemyreserves are equipped with obsolescenttanks. (NOTE: Although it is not correct,many people use the word obsolete inthis context.)obsolete

obsolete /�ɒbsəli�t/ adjective not usedany more (because it has been replacedby something more modern) � Thattank is now obsolete. (NOTE: Whensomething is becoming obsolete, but isstill capable of being used (and re-paired), the correct term is actually ob-solescent. However, many people usethe word obsolete in this context aswell.)obstacle

obstacle /�ɒbstək(ə)l/ noun a naturalor man-made feature, which hinders orobstructs the movement of a person orvehicle

COMMENT: Natural obstacles includefeatures such as woods, rivers andhigh ground, while man-made ob-stacles include features such asbuilt-up areas, canals and railwayembankments. In addition, obstaclescan be specially constructed: for ex-ample craters, barbed-wire entangle-ments and minefields.

obstacle course

obstacle course /�ɒbstək(ə)l kɔ�s/noun a training area where soldiershave to get past various obstacles suchas ditches or high walls as quickly aspossibleobstruct

obstruct /əb |�str�kt/ verb 1. to make itdifficult or impossible for a person orvehicle to pass � The road was obstruct-ed by a burning tank. 2. to make it diffi-cult or impossible for a person to carryout a task or duty � He was constantlyobstructed by his platoon sergeant.


171 official channelsobstruction

obstruction /əb|�str�kʃən/ noun 1. anact of obstructing � Your platoon com-mander has accused you of obstruction.2. something which obstructs � We usedexplosives to clear the obstruction. �

obstacleOC

OC /�əυ �si�/ noun a term usually ap-plied to an officer commanding a com-pany or equivalent-sized grouping. Fullform officer commandingoccupation

occupation /�ɒkjυ |�peʃ(ə)n/ nounthe use of military forces to take posses-sion of and then control territory be-longing to another stateoccupy

occupy /�ɒkjυpa/ verb 1. (of tacticalpositions) to move into a position � Wewill occupy the position at 1700hrs. 2.(of tactical positions) to be in a position� The Coldstream Guards are occupy-ing the forward positions. � to occupya territory 1. to use military force totake possession of territory belonging toanother state � Ruritania has occupiedthe neighbouring country 2. to use mil-itary forces to control territory belong-ing to another state � the town has beenoccupied by NATO troopsoffence

offence /ə|�fens/ noun 1. an aggressivemilitary action (such as advance, attack,invasion, etc.) � The country has beencondemned for its use of offence to con-trol the indigenous population. Com-pare defence 2. an illegal act � He hascommitted several offences. (NOTE: Of-fensive is more common for describingaggressive military action.)offense

offense /ə |�fens/ noun US spelling ofoffenceoffensive

offensive /ə|�fensv/ adjective relatingto aggressive military action (such asadvance, attack, invasion, etc.) � Theirstrategy concentrates mainly on offen-sive operations. � noun an aggressivemilitary action (such as advance, attack,invasion, etc.) � The rebels are planninga new offensive. � to go or to moveonto the offensive to change from de-fence to offence � The transition fromthe defensive to the offensive is one ofthe most delicate operations in war –Napoleon Compare defensive

offensive counter-air operations

offensive counter-air operations/ə |�fensv �kaυntər �eə �ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz/plural noun attacks on enemy airfields,surface-to-air missile sites, radar sitesand other facilities associated with theenemy air forceoffensive systems officer

offensive systems officer /ə|

�fensv �sstəmz �ɒfsə/ noun full formof OSOoffice

office /�ɒfs/ noun 1. a room used foradministrative and clerical work � TheCO is in his office. 2. an administrativeor supervisory position within an organ-ization � He is unsuitable for this office.(NOTE: A person who holds an office inthe armed forces is known as an offic-er, while a person who holds an officein a civilian organization (especiallyone involved in government or local ad-ministration) is usually known as an of-ficial.)officer

officer /�ɒfsə/ noun � (commis-sioned) officer a serviceman with a su-pervisory rank, who derives his author-ity from a commission (such as a lieu-tenant, captain, major, etc.) � twoofficers led the assault on the enemy po-sitionofficer cadet

officer cadet /�ɒfsə kə|�det/ noun arank held by a potential officer at an of-ficer-training establishmentofficer candidate

officer candidate /�ɒfsə�k�nddet/ noun a person who wishesto become, or is training to become, anofficer in the armed forcesofficer commanding

officer commanding /�ɒfsə kə|

�mɑ�ndŋ/ noun an officer who com-mands a unit or sub-unit. Abbr OCofficer of the watch

officer of the watch /�ɒfsə əv ðə�wɒtʃ/ noun an officer on dutyofficial

official /ə |�fʃ(ə)l/ adjective approvedor authorized by someone who holds anoffice in an organization � noun a per-son who holds an office in a civilian or-ganization (especially one involved ingovernment or local administration)official channels

official channels /ə|�fʃ(ə)l�tʃ�n(ə)lz/ plural noun official ways ofpassing information � The complaintwas sent to the ambassador by officialchannels.


off limits 172off limits

off limits /�ɒf �lmts/ adjective pro-hibited (to the persons specified) � Thispub is off limits to officers and NCOs.offr

offr abbreviation officeroff-route mine

off-route mine /�ɒf ru�t �man/ nounan explosive device which is placed atthe side of a road or track, and is de-signed to fire an anti-tank projectile intoa passing vehicle automaticallyO Group

O Group /�əυ �(ru�p/ noun 1. same asorders group 2. a meeting, where acommander issues operational orders tohis subordinate commanders � The OGroup is at 2200hrs. 3. people who at-tend an O Group � The O Group was in-formed that the CO had been killed.oil

oil /ɔl/ noun 1. a thick liquid refinedfrom petroleum, which is used to lubri-cate machinery and protect metal fromrust and corrosion 2. petroleum, a liquidmineral substance which is extractedfrom the ground and then refined to pro-duce petrol, diesel, kerosene and lubri-cating oil � verb to apply oil to an object� Weapons should be cleaned and oiledbefore they are returned to the armoury.oilfield

oilfield /�ɔlfi�ld/ noun an area wherepetroleum is extracted from the groundoil rig

oil rig /�ɔl r(/ noun a structure whichsupports equipment for extracting pe-troleum from an oil welloil slick

oil slick /�ɔl slk/ noun a large patchof oil or petroleum floating on water(usually released from a damaged shipas a result of an accident or enemy ac-tion)oil well

oil well /�ɔl wel/ noun a hole in theground from which petroleum is ex-tractedOK

OK /�əυ �ke/ adverb 1. I have under-stood your instruction 2. all right or sat-isfactorily � That went OK. 3. (as aquestion) do you understand? 4. (as aquestion) is everything all right?OMG

OMG abbreviation operational ma-noeuvre groupone-star general

one-star general /�w�n stɑ��d%en(ə)rəl/ noun US a brigadier gener-alone-up

one-up /�w�n ��p/ adverb using a tac-tical formation in which one sub-unit is

leading as point, and the other two arefollowing abreast of each other � We’llbe advancing one-up. Compare two-up

COMMENT: This formation is suitablefor an advance to contact.

OOB

OOB abbreviation out of boundsOOM

OOM abbreviation order of marchOOTW

OOTW abbreviation operations otherthan warop

op /ɒp/ noun an operation (informal)OP

OP abbreviation 1. observation post 2.outpostOP/Ack

OP/Ack /ɒp ��k/ noun an assistant to aforward observation officer (FOO).Also called surveyorOPCON

OPCON /�ɒpkɒn/ abbreviation opera-tional controlopen arrest

open arrest /�əυpən ə|�rest/ noun astate in which a person is considered tobe in custody and his movements are re-stricted, but he is allowed to go abouthis normal daily businessopen city

open city /�əυpən �st/ noun a citywhich is abandoned to the enemy, in or-der to avoid the serious destruction andloss of life, which would result fromtrying to defend it � Vienna has been de-clared an open city.open fire

open fire /�əυpən �faə/ verb to startshooting � The guerillas opened fire onour platoon.open ground

open ground /�əυpən �(raυnd/ nounan area where there are no buildings ormajor natural obstaclesoperate

operate /�ɒpəret/ verb 1. to carry outmilitary activity � Enemy special forcesare operating in this area. 2. to carryout surgery (medical ) � We will have tooperate in order to remove the bullet. 3.to work the controls of an apparatus ordevice � He operates the ship’s sonarequipment. � He has not been trained tooperate this equipment. 4. (of an appa-ratus or device) to work properly � Themechanism failed to operate.operation

operation /�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. anact of operating � He has not beentrained in the operation of this equip-ment. 2. a planned military task � Thiswill be a covert operation. Also calledop 3. operations involving various


173 optical

branches of the armed forces (army andmarines, e.g.) � � on operations on op-erational service � noun an act of sur-gery (medical) � He will need an oper-ation to remove the bullet.

COMMENT: The department responsi-ble for operations in a headquartersis known as G3.

operational

operational /�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nəl/ adjec-tive relating to military operationsoperational command

operational command/�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl kə|�mɑ�nd/ noun au-thority given to a commander to organ-ize tasks, deploy personnel, etc., as hefeels necessary to carry out an operationoperational control

operational control /�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəlkən|�trəυl/ noun authority given to acommander to direct the forces underhis command so as to carry out the mis-sion that has been assigned to him.Abbr OPCONoperational manoeuvre group

operational manoeuvre group/�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl mə |�nu�və �(ru�p/ nouna Soviet armoured grouping designed toexploit a breakthrough. Abbr OMGoperational mobility

operational mobility/�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl məυ|�blti/ noun theability of forces to move rapidly fromplace to placeoperational service

operational service /�ɒpəreʃ(ə)nəl�s$�vs/ noun service involving the pos-sibility of real combat (as opposed topeacetime soldiering) (NOTE: In the Brit-ish armed forces, the term operationalservice is used to describe counter-in-surgency and peacekeeping opera-tions. When a state of war exists, theterm active service is used instead.)operations

operations /�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun moving troops, equipment, etc., aspart of a planned military task. Alsocalled opsoperations centre

operations centre /�ɒpə |�reʃ(ə)nz�sentə/ noun a place from which a unitor group’s operations are controlled andcoordinatedoperations officer

operations officer /�ɒpə |�reʃ(ə)nz�ɒfsə/ noun an officer responsible forthe coordination and administration of aunit or grouping’s operational tasks.Also called ops officer

operations room

operations room /�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nzru�m/ noun same as Ops Roomoperator

operator /�ɒpəretə/ noun a personwho operates an apparatus or device �

He is the platoon commander’s radio-operator.OPFOR

OPFOR /�ɒp �fɔ�/ noun an enemy on atraining exercise. Full form opposingforcesop order

op order /�ɒp �ɔ�də/ noun a document,containing detailed instructions for amilitary operation (NOTE: short for op-eration order)oppo

oppo /�ɒpəυ/ noun a colleague whoholds the same position as you in anoth-er unit or sub-unit (informal ) � My oppoin 6 Platoon was killed. Also called op-posite numberoppose

oppose /ə|�pəυz/ verb 1. to be hostileto someone 2. to offer resistance � Wewere opposed by a group of well-armedsnipers. 3. to disagree with someone �

The general is opposed to our plan.opposing forces

opposing forces /ə|�pəυzŋ �fɔ�sz/plural noun full form of OPFORopposite number

opposite number /�ɒpəzt �n�mbə/noun same as oppoopposition

opposition /�ɒpə |�zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. anact of opposing � There was some oppo-sition to the CO’s plan. 2. resistance �

The brigade has met with little opposi-tion so far.ops

ops /ɒps/ plural noun same as opera-tionsOPSCHED

OPSCHED /�ɒpʃed, �ɒpsked/ abbre-viation operation scheduleOPSEC

OPSEC /�ɒpsek/ abbreviation opera-tional securityOpso

Opso /�ɒpsəυ/ noun an air-force oper-ations officerops officer

ops officer /�ɒps �ɒfsə/ noun sameas operations officerOps Room

Ops Room /�ɒps rυm/ noun a com-mand post in a permanent base location.Also called operations roomoptic

optic /�ɒptk/ adjective relating to theeyes or visionoptical

optical /�ɒptk(ə)l/ adjective relatingto the eyes and vision


optical device 174optical device

optical device /�ɒptk(ə)l d|�vas/noun a device which a person looksthrough (usually as a means of improv-ing visibility)optics

optics /�ɒptks/ plural noun opticalequipment (such as imaging equipment,optic sights, periscopes, etc.) � Thetank’s optics were damaged by artilleryfire.optic sight

optic sight /�ɒptk �sat/ noun aweapon sight which gives the firer amagnified image of the targetoption

option /�ɒpʃən/ noun one of two ormore alternative courses of action � Wehave no option but to withdraw.OPV

OPV /�əυ pi� �vi�/ noun an armouredpersonnel carrier (APC) used by a for-ward observation officer (FOO). Fullform observation post vehicleOR

OR abbreviation other rankORBAT

ORBAT /�ɔ�b�t/ abbreviation order ofbattleorder

order /�ɔ�də/ noun 1. an instruction orcommand � I gave you an order! 2. aposition or sequence in which things orevents are arranged 3. good behaviour �There has been a breakdown of law andorder in the town. 4. a state in whichthings are correct � Is everything in or-der? 5. a style of dress or equipment 6.tidiness � You are in bad order. � verb totell someone to do something � He or-dered the platoon to load their weap-ons.orderly

orderly /�ɔ�dəli/ adjective 1. disci-plined or under control � The brigadecarried out an orderly withdrawal. 2.relating to the execution of orders �

noun 1. a serviceman who delivers mes-sages and carries out various simpletasks in a headquarters 2. a servicemanwho cleans an officer’s kit. � batmanorderly officer

orderly officer /�ɔ�dəli �ɒfsə/ noun aduty officerorderly room

orderly room /�ɔ�dəli ru�m/ noun ad-ministrative office of a unitorder of battle

order of battle /�ɔ�də əv �b�t(ə)l/noun an arrangement of people, vehi-cles or sub-units as a tactical grouping.Abbr ORBAT. � organization

order of march

order of march /�ɔ�də əv �mɑ�tʃ/noun the sequence in which the sub-units of a grouping move (either on footor by vehicle) from one location to an-other � Order of march: B Companywill lead, followed by A Company, thenD Company, then C Company. AbbrOOMorders

orders /�ɔ�dəz/ plural noun detailed in-structions for an operation, given by acommander to his subordinates � noun1. a unit or sub-unit parade, where dis-ciplinary matters are dealt with � Com-pany Commander’s orders are at1000hrs. 2. the daily document pro-duced by a unit or sub-unit, containinga programme of the day’s events andany other information which may beimportant � It was written on battalionorders.orders group

orders group /�ɔ�dəz (ru�p/ noun ameeting, where a commander issues op-erational orders to his subordinate com-manders. Abbr O Groupordnance

ordnance /�ɔ�dnəns/ noun 1. militaryequipment and supplies in general 2.weapons and munitionsOrg

Org abbreviation organizationorganization

organization /�ɔ�(əna|�zeʃ(ə)n/, or-ganisation noun 1. an act of organizing� He is responsible for the organizationof our sports competition. 2. arrange-ment of people, vehicles or sub-units asa grouping � The organization of an in-fantry battalion consists of three riflecompanies, a support weapons compa-ny, a headquarter company and a bat-talion headquarters. � order of battle 3.a group of people who are arranged intosmaller groups or departments and aregiven different responsibilities andtasks, so that they can work together fora common purpose � How long haveyou been working for this organization?Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

Organization for Security andCooperation in Europe/�ɔ�(ənazeʃ(ə)n fə s|�kjυərəti ənkəυ|�ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)n n �jυərəp/ noun in-ternational organization of 55 memberstates, including all European countriesand the USA and Canada, with the aimof reducing tension and solving interna-


175 out of bounds

tional problems within Europe. AbbrOSCEorganize

organize /�ɔ�(ənaz/, organise verb1. to arrange a group of people intosmaller groups or departments with in-dividual responsibilities and tasks, sothat they can work together for a com-mon purpose � An infantry battalion isusually organized into three rifle com-panies, a support weapons company, aheadquarter company and a battalionheadquarters. 2. (of events) to make allthe necessary arrangements, so that anevent can take place � He organized thebattalion sports day.orient

orient /�ɔ�riənt/ verb US 1. � to orientyourself to establish your exact loca-tion 2. to hold a map, so that the top ofthe sheet is pointing towards north(NOTE: orient – oriented – orientation;British English is orientate – orientat-ed)orientate

orientate /�ɔ�riəntet/ verb 1. � to ori-entate yourself to establish your exactlocation 2. to hold a map, so that the topof the sheet is pointing towards north(NOTE: orientate – orientated – orien-tation. The US term is orient – orient-ed.)orientation

orientation /�ɔ�riən|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.the exact position of somebody orsomething in relation to the points ofthe compass and to other objects or nat-ural features 2. an action of orientatingyourself 3. a map-reading race, wherecompetitors navigate their way fromone location to anotherOrion

Orion /ə|�raən/ noun an American-de-signed multi-purpose aircraft, which isbased on a passenger airlinerOrion AEW & C

Orion AEW & C noun an airborneearly warning and control aircraft, witha large disk-like antenna (radome)mounted on the fuselageOrion EP-3

Orion EP-3 /ə|�raən i� pi� �θri�/ nounan electronic intelligence (ELINT) air-craftOrion P-3

Orion P-3 /ə|�raən pi� �θri�/ noun ananti-submarine and maritime patrol air-craftOrthodox Church

Orthodox Church /�ɔ�θədɒks�tʃ$�tʃ/ noun an eastern European form

of Christianity, found in Greece, Rus-sia, parts of the Balkans and the NearEast. Compare Protestant Church,Roman Catholic ChurchOscar

Oscar /�ɒskə/ noun the fifteenth letterof the phonetic alphabet (Oo)OSCE

OSCE abbreviation Organization forSecurity and Cooperation in EuropeOSO

OSO /�əυsəυ/ noun US an aircrewmember on a bomber who operates theaircraft’s weapons systems. CompareDSOother rank

other rank /��ðə �r�ŋk/ noun a serv-iceman who is not an officer. Abbr OR(NOTE: The American English term isenlisted man.)Otomat

Otomat /�ɒtəm�t/ noun a French/Ital-ian-designed long-range anti-ship mis-sile (ASM)out

out /aυt/ adverb this is the end of theconversation (radio terminology) � 2,roger, out. Compare over. � wait out

COMMENT: Although ‘over and out’ isoften heard in films, it is not correctradio procedure.

outbrief

outbrief /�aυtbri�f/ noun a final brief-ing before aircrew get into their aircraft,including an update of weather condi-tions, last minute changes to situation,and equipment checksoutfit

outfit /�aυtft/ noun US a unitoutflank

outflank /aυt|�fl�ŋk/ verb to manoeu-vre around an enemy’s flank � The ene-my are outflanking us on the left.outmaneuver

outmaneuver /�aυtmə|�nu�və/ verbUS spelling of outmanoeuvreoutmanoeuvre

outmanoeuvre /�aυtmə|�nu�və/ verbto manoeuvre successfully against anenemy force which is trying to manoeu-vre against youout of area operation

out of area operation /�aυt əv�eəriə �ɒpə |�reʃ(ə)n/ noun a militaryoperation conducted outside the area inwhich a state’s armed forces usually op-erate (e.g. British troops operating inSouth America)out of bounds

out of bounds /�aυt əv �baυndz/ ad-verb where one is not allowed to go �

That pub is out of bounds to troops.Abbr OOB


outpost 176outpost

outpost /�aυtpəυst/ noun a small de-tachment of troops placed at a distancefrom the main force, in order to providewarning of an approaching enemy � Allthe outposts have withdrawn to themain position.outrange

outrange /aυt |�rend%/ verb to be ableto shoot further than another weapon �

During the Gulf War, British and Amer-ican tanks outranged the Soviet-de-signed tanks used by the Iraqis.outrank

outrank /aυt|�r�ŋk/ verb to hold ahigher rank than someone else � A na-val lieutenant outranks a lieutenant inthe army.outrigger

outrigger /�aυtr(ə/ noun a projectingpart which is attached to a gun in orderto stabilize it, or which is attached to anaircraft to carry a weaponover

over /əυvə/ adverb it is your turn tospeak (radio terminology) � ‘Hullo 2,this is 22, what is your location, over?’Compare outoveralls

overalls /�əυvərɔ�lz/ plural noun 1. agarment combining jacket and trousers,which is worn over other clothes in or-der to protect them from dirt, mud, oil,etc. 2. skin-tight trousers worn by caval-ry soldiers and members of certain sup-porting arms, as part of a ceremonialuniform or mess kitoverboard

overboard /�əυvəbɔ�d/ adverb from aship or boat, into the water � He felloverboard.overhead

overhead /�əυvə |�hed/ adverb directlyabove you � Helicopters were flyingoverhead. � adjective positioned aboveyou

overhead cover

overhead cover /�əυvəhed �k�və/noun a roof of a trench or other fieldfortification, which is designed to with-stand bullets and shrapneloverhead protection

overhead protection /�əυvəhed prə |

�tekʃən/ noun a roof constructed over atrench, in order to provide protectionfrom shrapnel and chemical weaponsoverlay

overlay /�əυvəle/ noun a piece oftransparent paper or plastic, markedwith boundaries, positions, routes, andother information relating to an opera-tion, which is designed to be placedover a map as a means of briefing theparticipants. Also called traceoverrun

overrun /�əυvə|�r�n/ verb to fight yourway onto an enemy position � We arebeing overrun. � The enemy easily over-ran our defences. (NOTE: overrunning– overran – have overrun)overseas

overseas adverb /�əυvə|�si�z/ in or toa foreign country � He was posted over-seas. � adjective /�əυvəsi�z/ located in aforeign country � He wants an overseasposting.

COMMENT: For American and Britishservicemen and servicewomen, mostforeign countries are indeed locatedoverseas. The word would be lessappropriate for French soldiers serv-ing in Germany, for example, sincethe two countries are not separatedby a sea.

over-watch

over-watch /�əυvə|�wɒtʃ/ noun a rolein which troops or tanks observe andgive covering fire if necessary � Twosquadrons deployed into over-watchpositions.


PAPA - PpP-15

P-15 /�pi� ff �ti�n/ noun a Soviet-de-signed long-range anti-ship missile(ASM) (NOTE: known to NATO as Styx)PAA

PAA /�pi� e �e/ noun the number ofaircraft allocated to a unit for the per-formance of its operational role (as op-posed to training aircraft, spares, air-craft under maintenance). Full form pri-mary aircraft authorizedpace

pace /pes/ noun 1. a single movementof a foot when walking � The squadtook two paces forward. 2. the distancewhich a person’s foot moves whenwalking one pace � An officer shouldmarch four paces in front of the parade.3. speed (especially when walking) � tokeep pace with someone to move at thesame speed as another person or vehicle� verb to measure distance by countingyour paces � He paced the distance tothe river.pace-stick

pace-stick /�pes stk/ noun a giantset of mathematical dividers, tradition-ally carried by drill instructors in orderto determine the length of pace formarching � He was charged for hittinga recruit with his pace-stick.Pacific Command

Pacific Command /pə |�sfk kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun full form of PACOMpacifism

pacifism /�p�sfz(ə)m/ noun the be-lief that war is the wrong way to settledisputespacifist

pacifist /�p�sfst/ noun a person whobelieves that war is the wrong way tosettle disputes � He is a committed pac-ifist. � adjective referring to pacifism �

He became a conscientious objector be-cause of his pacifist beliefs.pack

pack /p�k/ noun 1. a large fabric con-tainer, designed to be carried on a per-son’s back. � bergen, rucksack 2. a pa-

per or cardboard or plastic container � apack of cigarettes � a 24 hour rationpackpackage

package /�p�kd%/ noun 1. any objectwhich is wrapped in a protective cover-ing of paper or plastic or fabric � Thepackage might be a bomb. 2. same aspackage formation � This packagewill neutralise the enemy’s defence ca-pability.package formation

package formation /�p�kd% fɔ�|

�meʃ(ə)n/ noun a large aerial attackforce made up of different types of air-craft (e.g. attack, escort, reconnais-sance, SEAD, EW)pack-animal

pack-animal /�p�k ��nməl/ noun amule or horse used to carry ammunitionor equipment or suppliespack rations

pack rations /�p�k �r�ʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun individual rations which are car-ried by each serviceman or service-woman in a packPACOM

PACOM /�p�kɒm/ noun US the de-partment of the US forces responsiblefor defending American national inter-ests in the Pacific. Full form PacificCommandpad

pad /p�d/ noun (slang) 1. a marriedquarter � There’s been an explosiondown at the pads. 2. a soldier who liveswith his or her family in a married quar-ter � We need to send trucks to pick upthe pads.paddle

paddle /�p�d(ə)l/ noun an instrumentlike a short oar, designed to propel anassault boat or canoe by hand � Hedropped his paddle into the water. �

verb to propel a boat with a paddle �

They paddled quietly up to the castlewalls.


paddy-field 178paddy-field

paddy-field /�p�di fi�ld/ noun a fieldwhich is submerged in water, in order tocultivate ricepadre

padre /�pɑ�dre/ noun a Christianarmy chaplainpagoda

pagoda /pə|�(əυdə/ noun a tall build-ing used for religious worship in China,Korea, Japan, etc.pain

pain /pen/ noun an unpleasant physi-cal sensation, caused by illness or injurypainkiller

painkiller /�penklə/ noun a drug(e.g. morphine) designed to stop painpaint

paint /pent/ noun a liquid substancewhich is applied to an object in order tocolour it (as for camouflage), to provideprotection from water and damp or toprovide resistance to certain types ofsurveillance equipment (such as infra-red) � verb 1. to apply paint to an object� They painted the vehicles white. 2. toilluminate a target with a laser targetdesignator (informal)pair

pair /peə/ noun two people or thingsacting or being used together � The sec-tion assaulted the position in pairs. � Isaw a pair of tanks by the wood.pallet

pallet /�p�lət/ noun a wooden plat-form, designed to provide a firm basefor a heavy loadpallisade

pallisade /�p�l|�sed/ noun a barrieror fortification constructed from wood-en stakes, which are positioned vertical-ly in the groundPaludrin

Paludrin /�p�ljυdrn/ noun a drugwhich provides resistance to malariapanga

panga /�p�ŋ(ə/ noun in East Africa, along broad-bladed knife designed forclearing vegetation and often used as aweapon. � machete, parangpanic

panic /�p�nk/ noun loss of self-con-trol as a result of fear or anxiety � Thecivilian population fled in panic as thesoldiers arrived. � verb to be affectedby panic � He panicked when the enemyopened fire. (NOTE: panicking – pan-icked)panoramic sketch

panoramic sketch /�p�nər�mk�sketʃ/ noun a simple drawing of anarea of ground, made by an FOO orMFC, with likely targets and other use-ful information marked on it

panzer

panzer /�p�nzə/ noun a German nounmeaning ‘armour’panzer grenadier

panzer grenadier /�p�nzə �(renə|

�də/ noun a German armoured infan-trymanPapa

Papa /�pɑ�pə/ noun the sixteenth letterof the phonetic alphabet (Pp)para

para /�p�rə/ noun a paratrooper(informal ) � British paras have takenthe village.parachute

parachute /�p�rəʃu�t/ noun an appa-ratus consisting of a fabric canopy and asuspension harness which allows a per-son, vehicle or load to descend safelyfrom an aircraft in flight � He was killedwhen his parachute failed to open. �

verb 1. to descend by parachute � Thegroup parachuted behind enemy lines.2. to drop something by parachute �

They parachuted supplies into the vil-lage.parachutist

parachutist /�p�rəʃu�tst/ nounsomeone who descends by parachuteparade

parade /pə |�red/ noun 1. an action ofassembling at a specified time and placein order to be inspected before the com-mencement of an operation or period ofduty 2. a ceremonial occasion (usuallyinvolving marching and military music)� The passing-out ceremony was fol-lowed by a parade. � verb to assemblefor inspection at a specified time andplace � The platoon will parade at thearmoury at 0745 hours.parade ground

parade ground /pə|�red (raυnd/noun a large area near a barracks, wheretroops can paradeparade square

parade square /pə |�red skweə/noun same as parade groundparados

parados /�p�rədɒs/ noun a raisedmound of earth protecting the rear of atrench. Compare parapetparaffin oil

paraffin oil /�p�rəfn ɔl/ noun sameas keroseneparamedic

paramedic /�p�rə|�medk/ noun aserviceman or civilian, with a high levelof medical training, who is qualified toperform emergency treatment on seri-ous casualtiesparamilitary

paramilitary /�p�rə|�mlt(ə)ri/ ad-jective organized like an army (and pos-


179 pathfinder

sibly armed) � There are several para-military groups operating in the region.parang

parang /�p�r�ŋ/ noun in SoutheastAsia, a long broad-bladed knife de-signed for clearing vegetation and oftenused as a weapon. � machete, pangaparapet

parapet /�p�rəpt/ noun a raisedmound of earth protecting the front of atrench. Compare paradosparasite

parasite /�p�rəsat/ noun an organ-ism or insect which lives on or insideanother animal and feeds off that animal(e.g. a louse, or worm) � The disease istransmitted by a parasite.parasitic

parasitic /�p�rə|�stk/ adjective relat-ing to a parasite � The disease is trans-mitted by a parasitic worm.paratrooper

paratrooper /�p�rətru�pə/ noun aninfantryman or member of a supportingarm who deploys into a war zone byparachute

COMMENT: Paratroopers of most ar-mies undergo an exceptionally hardtraining programme and are conse-quently considered to be elite troops.

paratroops

paratroops /�p�rətru�ps/ plural nounparatroopers � Enemy paratroops land-ed near the village.park

park /pɑ�k/ verb to stop a vehicle be-side a road or in a special area and leaveit there � noun an area on a militarybase where military vehicles are keptparole

parole /pə|�rəυl/ noun the release of aprisoner on the condition of a promisemade by that prisoner (e.g. that he willno longer fight against the army whichcaptured him) � He was released on pa-role. � verb to release a prisoner on pa-role � He has been paroled.partisan

partisan /�pɑ�tz(ə)n, �pɑ�t|�z�n/noun an irregular soldier fightingagainst regular troops � The convoy wasambushed by a group of partisans. �

guerrillaPartnership for Peace

Partnership for Peace /�pɑ�tnəʃpfə �pi�s/ noun full form of PfPpass

pass /pɑ�s/ verb 1. to go past some-thing � We passed the fuel dump anhour ago. 2. to move on � We passedthrough Hildesheim without stopping.3. to hand something to another person� Pass me that map, please. 4. to ap-

prove or allow something � I havepassed your application to join theMortar Platoon. 5. to complete an ex-amination or test successfully � Youhave passed the sergeants’ exam. �

noun 1. a document authorizing theholder to do something � Show me yourleave pass, please. 2. a narrow routethrough mountainous country � The en-emy had blocked all the passes throughthe mountains. 3. an approach flight to-wards a target made by an attacking air-craft � We hit the tank on our secondpass.passage of lines

passage of lines /�p�sd% əv �lanz/noun a process whereby a unit or group-ing moves through the positions of an-other unit or grouping. � front linepassive

passive /�p�sv/ adjective relating tonight-viewing devices which do not re-quire an external source of infrared (IR)light in order to operate. Compare ac-tivepassive night goggles

passive night goggles /�p�sv�nat �(ɒ((ə)lz/ plural noun full form ofPNGpass out

pass out /�pɑ�s �aυt/ verb to success-fully complete an officer trainingcourse � He passed out of Sandhurst inDecember. � Parents of cadets were in-vited to the passing-out parade.password

password /�pɑ�sw$�d/ noun words,letters or numbers used as a verbal rec-ognition signal, usually in the form of achallenge and a reply � The sentryopened fire because the patrol did notgive the correct password. � counter-signpath

path /pɑ�θ/ noun 1. a small track,which has been made artificially, orsimply by people walking along it overa long period � The guide led the groupalong steep mountain paths. 2. a linealong which something travels � thepath of a missilepathfinder

pathfinder /�pɑ�θ �fandə/ noun 1. anaircraft which travels ahead of the mainattack force in order to test enemy airdefences and to mark targets 2. a soldier(especially paratrooper or marine) whodeploys ahead of the main force in orderto reconnoitre, secure and mark a DZ orLZ or beach-landing site. � ITG


Patriot 180Patriot

Patriot /�petriət/ noun an American-designed surface-to-air missile (SAM)

COMMENT: During the Gulf War in1991, the Patriot proved itself to behighly effective at shooting down Ira-qi Scud missiles.

patrol

patrol /pə|�trəυl/ noun 1. a detachmentof soldiers or vehicles sent out by a larg-er unit to carry out a specific task � Thepatrol was ambushed as it entered thevillage. 2. a covert or overt task carriedout by a small detachment of soldiers orvehicles � He was killed on a patrol. �

We will have to mount a patrol to checkthe route. 3. an act of walking or drivingaround an area on a regular basis in or-der to deter or prevent illegal or hostileactivity � There are regular enemy pa-trols along this route. � verb to carry outa patrol � Soldiers patrolled the streetsduring the curfew. (NOTE: patrolling –patrolled)patrol base

patrol base /pə|�trəυl bes/ noun acovert base established in no-man’s-land or enemy territory from which pa-trols can be mountedpatrol pack

patrol pack /pə|�trəυl p�k/ noun asmall pack which is designed to carrythe equipment a soldier needs while onpatrolpattern

pattern /�p�t(ə)n/ noun 1. a decora-tive design, which is printed or paintedon fabric or other materials 2. the de-sign of clothing, footwear or webbing �He was wearing the latest pattern ofcombat boot.Pave Tack

Pave Tack /�pev t�k/ noun an Amer-ican-designed airborne laser target des-ignatorPaveway

Paveway /�pevwe/ noun an Ameri-can-designed laser-guided bomb (LGB)pay

pay /pe/ noun the money which a per-son receives for doing his job � He hasdifficulty bringing up his family on acorporal’s pay. � verb to give someonehis pay � The troops mutinied becausethey had not been paid for months.(NOTE: paying – paid)pay attention

pay attention /�pe ə|�tenʃən/ verb toconcentrate on somethingpayload

payload /�peləυd/ noun 1. ordnanceand equipment carried by an aircraft �

This fighter is capable of carrying anenormous payload. � The payload ofthis aircraft includes laser-guidedbombs and heat-seeking missiles. 2. atype of ordnance delivered by a missile(such as bomblets, chemical agent, highexplosive, etc.) � This missile is de-signed to carry a variety of payloads.paymaster

paymaster /�pemɑ�stə/ noun a unitofficer who is responsible for payPB pill

PB pill /�pi� �bi� �pl/ noun a pill takento counter the effects of nerve agentsP Company

P Company /�pi� �k�mpən/ noun amandatory parachute training coursefor airborne troops � He failed P Com-pany.

COMMENT: P Company is an excep-tionally difficult course to pass andrequires an extremely high level ofphysical fitness. Only those soldierswho have successfully completedthis course are entitled to wear the fa-mous red beret of the ParachuteRegiment.

PD

PD /�pi� �di�/ noun a type of blister andvomiting agent. Full form phenyl-dichloroarsinePE

PE abbreviation plastic explosivepeace

peace /pi�s/ noun 1. a state of not be-ing involved in a war or armed conflict� After the end of the war, Europe en-joyed two decades of peace. 2. the end-ing of a war or armed conflictpeacekeeper

peacekeeper /�pi�ski�pə/ noun aserviceman, who is a member of apeacekeeping force � Several UNpeacekeepers have been injured.peacekeeping

peacekeeping /�pi�ski�pŋ/ noun adeployment, usually by the United Na-tions, of a neutral military force into anarea where two sides are, or have re-cently been, engaged in armed conflict,in order to prevent or deter further mili-tary action by either side � adjective re-ferring to peacekeeping � The UN is de-ploying a peacekeeping force in the re-gion. � Ireland is very active in its UNpeacekeeping role.peace talks

peace talks /�pi�s tɔ�ks/ plural nounnegotiations aimed at ending a war orarmed conflictpeacetime

peacetime /�pi�stam/ noun a periodduring which a state is not involved in a


181 persistent

war or armed conflict � The army wasdisbanded and the troops returned totheir peacetime occupations.peace treaty

peace treaty /�pi�s �tri�t/ noun asigned agreement between opposingsides at the end of a war, stating the con-ditions under which they agree to existin peace with each other � The peacetreaty was signed at Versailles.peak

peak /pi�k/ noun 1. a sharp summit ofa mountain 2. a moment when some-thing is at its worst, best, etc. � Whenthe bombardment was at its peak, hun-dreds of shells were falling on the cityevery minute.peat

peat /pi�t/ noun a type of soil, com-posed of decayed vegetation

COMMENT: During the Falklands Con-flict in 1982, many artillery roundsfailed to explode because they land-ed in soft peat.

penetrate

penetrate /�pentret/ verb 1. to forcea way through the surface of something� This round is capable of penetratingmost modern types of armour. � pierce2. to force your way through a fortifica-tion or line of defence � The enemyhave penetrated our perimeter in sever-al places. 3. to find a way through a bar-rier or obstacle � Enemy engineers havepenetrated the minefield.penetration

penetration /�pen|�treʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of penetrating something � Wehave managed to contain the enemypenetration in the south.Penguin

Penguin /�peŋ(wn/ noun a Norwe-gian-designed anti-ship missile (ASM)peninsula

peninsula /pə|�nnsjυlə/ noun a longnarrow strip of land projecting into asea or lake � The enemy advanced alongthe peninsula.penknife

penknife /�pennaf/ noun a smallpocket knife which folds uppennant

pennant /�penənt/ noun a small trian-gular flagPentagon

Pentagon /�pentə(ən/ noun a nation-al headquarters of the US Departmentof Defense

COMMENT: The Pentagon is namedafter the five-sided building in whichthe Defense Department is housed.

pepper-pot

pepper-pot /�pepə pɒt/ verb to skir-mish (i.e. use fire and manoeuvre)(informal) � The patrol pepper-pottedacross the open ground.percussion

percussion /pə|�k�ʃ(ə)n/ noun an actof one object striking another objectpercussion cap

percussion cap /pə |�k�ʃ(ə)n k�p/noun a small explosive charge, de-signed to ignite the propellant of a pro-jectile, when struck by the firing mech-anism of a weaponperimeter

perimeter /pə |�rmtə/ noun an outerboundary of a fortified or defended area� The guerillas broke through the north-ern perimeter of the camp. � Theystrengthened the perimeter fence withbarbed wire.perimeter lights

perimeter lights /pə|�rmtə lats/noun lights round the edge of a helicop-ter landing areaperipheral

peripheral /pə|�rf(ə)r1əl/ adjective onthe edge of an area or in the surroundingarea � The base has suffered some pe-ripheral damage.periphery

periphery /pə|�rf(ə)ri/ noun the edgeof an area or its surrounding areaperiscope

periscope /�perskəυp/ noun an opti-cal instrument, which enables an ob-server on a lower level (e.g. in a sub-merged submarine or at the bottom of atrench) to see things on a higher level(such as on the surface of the sea orground)permission

permission /pə |�mʃ(ə)n/ noun con-sent or authorization given by one per-son, which allows another person to dosomething � He left the barracks with-out permission. � Permission to carryon, Sir?permit

permit noun /�p$�mt/ a documentwhich authorizes someone to do some-thing � You will need a permit to get intothe camp. � verb to allow or authorizesomeone to do something � This passpermits two people to visit the HQ.persistent

persistent /pə|�sstənt/ adjective (ofchemical agents) designed to remaineffective for several hours or days

COMMENT: Persistent agents arenormally used against targets in rearareas, whereas non-persistentagents are used against a forward


personal details 182position, shortly before an assault ismounted.

personal details

personal details /�p$�s(ə)n(ə)l�di�telz/ plural noun a person’s name,date of birth, occupation, address, etc.personnel

personnel /�p$�sə|�nel/ noun peoplewho are employed by an organization �personnel replacements

COMMENT: The department responsi-ble for personnel in a headquartersis known as G1.

personnel carrier

personnel carrier /�p$�sə|�nel�k�riə/ noun a vehicle (usually ar-moured) designed to carry troops. �

anti-personnelpetrol

petrol /�petrəl/ noun a liquid fuelmade from petroleum, used by motorvehiclespetrol bomb

petrol bomb /�petrəl bɒm/ noun animprovised incendiary device consist-ing of a bottle filled with petrol and fit-ted with a wick of fabric, which is litand then thrown at a target. � Molotovcocktail (NOTE: The American Englishterm is gasoline; in many other lan-guages it is benzin.)petroleum

petroleum /pə|�trəυliəm/ noun a liq-uid mineral substance which is extract-ed from the ground and then refined toproduce petrol, diesel, kerosene and lu-bricating oilpetroleum transfer point

petroleum transfer point /pə|

�trəυliəm �tr�nsf$� �pɔnt/ noun fullform of PTPpetty officer

petty officer /�peti �ɒfsə/ noun anon-commissioned officer (NCO) in theBritish and US navies. Abbr POPfc

Pfc abbreviation US private first classPfP

PfP noun an agreement between NATOand various non-NATO countries to co-operate in the interests of peace and se-curity, especially in Europe. Full formPartnership for PeacePGM

PGM abbreviation precision guidedmunitionPhalanx

Phalanx /�f�l�nks/ noun an Ameri-can-designed radar-controlled 20mmnaval anti-aircraft cannon (CIWS),which automatically detects, tracks andengages targets (NOTE: Phalanx isbased on the M-61A1 Vulcan.)

Phantom

Phantom /�f�ntəm/ noun � F-4phase

phase /fez/ noun a specific stage in aplanned or predicted sequence of events� This will be a five-phase operation.phase line

phase line /�fez lan/ noun an imag-inary line (often defined by a topo-graphical feature, such as a road) usedas a reference point or objective duringmovement � The squadron crossedPhase Line Charlie at 1345 hours.phonetic alphabet

phonetic alphabet /fə|�netk��lfəbet/ noun an alphabet consistingof words (such as Alpha, Bravo, Char-lie), which is designed to avoid confu-sion between similar letters, whenspeaking on the radioPhosgene

Phosgene /�fɒzd%i�n/ noun � CGPhosgene Oxime

Phosgene Oxime /�fɒzd%i�n�ɒksi�m/ noun � CXphosphorus

phosphorus /�fɒsf(ə)rəs/ noun �

white phosphorusphoto

photo /fəυtəυ/ noun a photograph(informal )photograph

photograph /�fəυtə(rɑ�f/ noun a pic-ture produced by a camera � verb totake a photograph with a camera � Hewas arrested while he was photograph-ing the base.photo-interpreter

photo-interpreter /�fəυtəυn�t$�prtə/ noun a person who studies airor satellite photographsphysical

physical /�fzk(ə)l/ noun a medicalexamination for new recruits to find outwhether they are physically fit for serv-icephysical training

physical training /�fzk(ə)l�trenŋ/ noun activities and exercisesdesigned to improve or maintain physi-cal fitness. Abbr PTphysical training instructor

physical training instructor/�fzk(ə)l �trenŋ n |�str�ktə/ noun aserviceman who is trained to supervisephysical training. Abbr PTIpick

pick /pk/ noun a simple tool consist-ing of a curved metal bar with a point atone end and a blade at the other, at-tached at right angles to a long woodenhandle; designed to break up hardground � verb to select � The sergeantpicked two soldiers to carry the ammu-nition.


183 pipes and drumspickax

pickax /�pk�ks/ noun US spelling ofpickaxepickaxe

pickaxe /�pk�ks/ noun a simple toolconsisting of a curved metal bar with apoint at one end and a blade at the other,attached at right angles to a long wood-en handle; designed to break up hardground. � pickpicket

picket /�pkt/ noun 1. a small group ofsoldiers sent out to watch for the enemyor to cover the activities of other troops� It was necessary to place picketsalong the route. � outpost, standingpatrol 2. a metal stake used in the revet-ting of trenches and other fortifications� verb to deploy a picket � It will benecessary to picket the high ground.pick helve

pick helve /�pk helv/ noun a pickhandle, sometimes used as a baton. �

pickaxepick off

pick off /�pk �ɒf/ verb to shoot sys-tematically at selected targets � Thesnipers were ordered to pick off the en-emy commanders.pick up

pick up /�pk ��p/ verb 1. to lift an ob-ject off the ground (usually by hand) �

You should not pick up unexplodedbombs. 2. to collect people or thingswith an aircraft, boat or vehicle, in orderto transport them to another location �

The patrol was picked up by helicopter.pick-up point

pick-up point /�pk �p �pɔnt/ noun alocation where people or things arepicked up. Abbr PUPpicquet

picquet /�pkt/ noun another spellingof picketpicquet officer

picquet officer /�pkt �ɒfsə/ noun aduty officerpierce

pierce /pəs/ verb to force a waythrough the surface of something � Theshell pierced the tank’s armour. � pene-tratepillbox

pillbox /�plbɒks/ noun a small bunkerconstructed from reinforced concretepilot

pilot /�palət/ noun 1. a person who op-erates the flying controls of an aircraft2. a person employed to take control ofships which are entering or leaving aharbour, or passing through a waterway� verb to act as a pilot on an aircraft orship

pilot officer

pilot officer /�palət �ɒfsə/ noun thelowest officer rank in the air force. AbbrPOpincer movement

pincer movement /�pnsə�mu�vmənt/ noun a tactical manoeu-vre, in which two groupings attack anenemy force at the same time from dif-ferent directionspin down

pin down /�pn �daυn/ verb to directso much fire at an enemy that he is una-ble to move (in any direction) � We werepinned down for over an hour.P-INFO

P-INFO /�pi� �nfəυ/ noun a depart-ment responsible for dealing with themedia. Full form public informationPink

Pink /pŋk/ noun � the Pink documentcontaining the planned or probable se-quence of events for a military exercisepioneer

pioneer /�paə|�nə/ noun an infantrysoldier who is trained to carry out fieldengineering tasks for his unit (preparingfortifications, clearing obstacles, etc.)pip

pip /pp/ noun an insignia in the formof a star, which is used in certain badgesof rank by the British Army. � star

COMMENT: A second lieutenant hasone pip; a lieutenant has two; a cap-tain has three; a lieutenant-colonelhas a pip and a crown.

pipe

pipe /pap/ noun a tube made of con-crete, metal or plastic, which is used toconvey gas or liquidpipe bomb

pipe bomb /�pap bɒm/ noun a home-made grenade consisting of a piece ofmetal pipe filled with explosivepipeline

pipeline /�paplan/ noun a huge pipebuilt to convey water, oil or gas overlong distances � The pipeline will be aserious obstacle for our tanks.piper

piper /�papə/ noun a musician whoplays the bagpipespipe range

pipe range /�pap rend%/ noun an in-door shooting range constructed from alength of large-diameter concrete pipe,which is used for the zeroing of weap-onspipes

pipes /paps/ plural noun bagpipespipes and drums

pipes and drums /�paps ən�dr�mz/ plural noun a band of pipersand drummers, belonging to a battalionor regiment


pistol 184pistol

pistol /�pstəl/ noun a small gun de-signed to be held in one handpistol-grip

pistol-grip noun a handle shaped likea pistol, which is mounted behind to thetrigger of a machine-gun. � handgunpit

pit /pt/ noun a wide deep man-madehole in the groundpitch

pitch /ptʃ/ noun 1. (of aircraft andships) movement up and down by thefront and rear alternately � The elevatoris used to control pitch. 2. an area ofground where a sport is played � Thehelicopter landed on the football pitch.� verb to erect a tent � We pitched ourtents in a small field.pl

pl abbreviation platoonplague

plague /ple(/ noun a highly infec-tious and potentially fatal disease,which is often carried by rat fleas andcan be transmitted to man, sometimesresulting in widespread epidemics.Also called bubonic plague

COMMENT: Caused by a bacteriumPasteurella pestis, the symptoms ofplague are fever, shivering andswellings on the lymph nodes. Cer-tain nations are known to have devel-oped plague for use as a biologicalweapon.

plain

plain /plen/ noun a large comparative-ly level area of ground (usually withfew trees) � The division advanced rap-idly across the north German plains.plan

plan /pl�n/ noun a procedure, decidedafter consideration by a person orgroup, by which a mission or task willbe carried out � The Company Com-mander is making his plan. � accordingto plan in the same way as it wasplanned � the operation is running ac-cording to plan � verb to make a plan �‘No plan survives contact with the ene-my.’ Moltke � They planned the opera-tion very carefully. � We plan to attackunder cover of darkness. (NOTE: plan-ning – planned)plane

plane /plen/ noun a fixed-wing air-craft. � aeroplane, airplaneplanner

planner /�pl�nə/ noun a person in-volved in the making of a plan � Mili-tary planners have prepared the inva-sion in great detail.

planning

planning /�pl�nŋ/ noun the processof making a plan � He was involved inthe planning of the operation.plastic

plastic /�pl�stk/ noun a man-madematerialplastic bullet

plastic bullet /�pl�stk �bυlt/, rub-ber bullet /�r�bə �bυlt/ noun a largeprojectile made of plastic or rubberwhich is fired from a special gun and isdesigned to knock a person over but notto cause a serious injury. Also calledbaton roundplastic explosive

plastic explosive /�pl�stk k|

�spləυsv/ noun a soft explosive sub-stance which can be moulded into a re-quired shape by hand. Abbr PEplasticuff

plasticuff /�pl�st|�k�f/ noun a flexi-ble plastic strip with a self-lockingcatch, which is designed to bind a pris-oner’s hands together � The prisonerswere secured with plasticuffs.

COMMENT: The advantage of plasti-cuffs is that they are light and dispos-able; thus each person can carry sev-eral and does not have to worry aboutretrieving them.

plateau

plateau /�pl�təυ/ noun a wide levelarea of high groundplatform

platform /�pl�tfɔ�m/ noun 1. a raisedstructure alongside the railway line at arailway station, which enables the pas-sengers to get into the train 2. a firm sur-face or structure to which a weapon orother device is fitted 3. an aircraft orship or vehicle upon which a weapon orweapons system is fitted and usedplatoon

platoon /plə|�tu�n/ noun 1. a tacticaland administrative infantry grouping ofthree or more sections or squads (i.e.about 30 men) 2. a tactical and adminis-trative armoured grouping of three ormore tanks or armoured reconnaissancevehicles

COMMENT: Platoons are usually com-manded by lieutenants or secondlieutenants. In the British Army, pla-toon-sized groupings of tanks, artil-lery and certain supporting arms(such as engineers) are known astroops.

platoon commander

platoon commander /plə |�tu�n kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun the commander of a pla-toon


185 political officerplatoon leader

platoon leader /plə|�tu�n �li�də/ nounUS the officer in command of a platoonplatoon sergeant

platoon sergeant /plə|�tu�n�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun a sergeant who acts assecond-in-command in a platoonpliers

pliers /�plaəz/ plural noun a toolshaped like scissors for squeezing, pull-ing or cutting wireplot

plot /plɒt/ noun a secret plan to carryout an illegal act � verb 1. to make a se-cret plan to carry out an illegal act �

They were plotting a coup. 2. to plan acourse or route on a chart or map � Heplotted a course between the islands.plotter

plotter /�plɒtə/ noun a circular board,printed with a grid of squares and fittedwith a revolving cursor, which is used tocalculate the bearing required for an ar-tillery piece or mortar to hit a target

COMMENT: In most armies, plottershave been replaced by computerizedfire-control data systems.

plume

plume /plu�m/ noun a tall decorationof coloured feathers or animal hair,which is attached to a ceremonial head-dress � The Coldstream Guards wearred plumes in their bearskins.PMC

PMC abbreviation private militarycompanyPNG

PNG /�pi� en �d%i�/ noun a night-view-ing device, similar to a pair of binocu-lars, which is normally fitted to a per-son’s face so that his hands are free. Fullform passive night gogglesPO

PO abbreviation 1. petty officer 2. pilotofficerpod

pod /pɒd/ noun an external containersuspended under an aircraft (used tocarry electronic equipment or fuel orweapon systems or munitions) � Theaircraft is fitted with a radar-jammingpod under its starboard wing and achaff-dispensing pod under the portwing.point

point /pɔnt/ noun 1. a sharp or ta-pered end � The point of my pencil hasbroken. 2. a location � They found asuitable point to dump the ammunition.3. a precise moment � It was at thispoint that he decided to withdraw. 4. thereason or purpose � There was no pointin continuing the patrol. 5. an important

factor � The point is that we are short ofammunition. 6. the leading soldier, ve-hicle or unit in a formation � The pointwas killed in the first exchange of fire. 7.the role of leading a formation � Wewere on point for the first phase of theadvance. � adjective leading � Thepoint tank was destroyed by a mine. �

verb 1. to indicate with finger, hand orother object � He pointed at the wood. �to point out to draw someone’s atten-tion to an object or fact � I pointed outthe fact that the bridge was too narrowfor tanks 2. to direct or aim a weapon �He pointed his gun at the officer.point-blank range

point-blank range /�pɔnt bl�ŋk�ren%/ noun very close range � He wasshot at point-blank range.point defence

point defence /�pɔnt d|�fens/ nouna naval anti-air warfare (AAW) term fora warship’s use of its short-range sur-face-to-air missiles (SAM) and otherweapons (e.g. CIWS) for self-defencepoint of main effort

point of main effort /�pɔnt əv men�efət/ noun the part of the battlefield oroperational theatre which a commanderidentifies as the place to maximize hisefforts in order to fulfil his missionPOL

POL abbreviation petrol, oil, lubricantspolice

police /pə|�li�s/ noun a civil organiza-tion responsible for the maintenance oflaw and order within a state � verb tocontrol an area using police officers orsoldiers � to police the battlefield USto clear an area of dead bodies and dis-carded equipment from both enemy andfriendly forces and take them to a cen-tral location � The companies were or-dered to police the areas in front of theirpositions.policeman

policeman /pə|�li�smən/ noun a mem-ber of a police forcepolicy

policy /�pɒlsi/ noun decisions takenby a government or military commandon the general way something should bedonepolitical officer

political officer /pə|�ltk(ə)l �ɒfsə/noun US in Communist countries, anofficer who is responsible to the govern-ment and outside the usual militarychain of command, and whose job is to


POL point 186

ensure that troops remain loyal to theregimePOL point

POL point /�pi� əυ �el �pɔnt/ noun alocation where vehicles are refuelledponcho

poncho /�pɒntʃəυ/ noun a waterproofcapeponcho liner

poncho liner /�pɒntʃəυ �lanə/ nouna lightweight quilt used for bivouackingpond

pond /pɒnd/ noun a very small lakepongo

pongo /�pɒŋ(əυ/ noun a member ofthe army (air-force slang)pontoon bridge

pontoon bridge /pɒn|�tu�n brd%/noun a temporary bridge supported byboatsPOR

POR /�pi�əυ|�ɑ�/ abbreviation post-op-eration reportport

port /pɔ�t/ noun 1. a harbour, contain-ing docks and other facilities for theloading and unloading of ships 2. theleft-hand side of an aircraft, boat or ship� Enemy fighters approaching port!Compare starboardportable

portable /�pɔ�təb(ə)l/ adjective ableto be carried easily. � air-portable,man-portablePortakabin

Portakabin /�pɔ�tək�bn/ noun asmall building, which is easy to assem-ble and can be transported by vehicle(designed for use as a temporary officeor shelter on building sites, etc.)port arms

port arms /�pɔ�t �ɑ�mz/ verb to hold arifle diagonally across the chest � forinspection port arms to hold a weaponwith the working parts pulled to therear, so that it can be inspected to makesure that it is clear of ammunitionposition

position /pə|�zʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a placeoccupied by troops or equipment fortactical purposes � The enemy positionswere clearly visible in the satellite pho-tograph. 2. a situation � Our position isnow critical. � verb to place in a specif-ic location � He positioned the mortarline in a shallow gully.positional defence

positional defence /pə|�zʃənl d|

�fens/ noun a defensive doctrine whichrelies on static defensive positions andthe use of attrition to halt an enemy ad-vance. Also known as static defence.Compare mobile defence

positional warfare

positional warfare /pə|�zʃənl�wɔ�feə/ noun a military doctrine whichplaces emphasis on the possession ofground and its denial to the enemy.Compare manoeuvre warfareposition of attention

position of attention /pə |�zʃ(ə)n əvə|�tenʃən/ noun the act of standingerect, with the feet together and thearms held in to the sidesposn

posn abbreviation positionpost

post /pəυst/ noun 1. a place where aserviceman is stationed 2. a militarybase or installation 3. a tactical position4. a job or position in an organization �

verb 1. to assign a serviceman to a newgrouping or location � He has beenposted to HQ 7 Brigade. � I’ve beenposted to Belize. 2. to position soldiersfor a task � The sentries have been post-ed. � Last Post bugle-call blown in bar-racks and bases at bedtime (usuallyaround 2200hrs) and also at military fu-neralspost exchange

post exchange /�pəυst ks|�tʃend%/noun US full form of PXposting

posting /�pəυstŋ/ noun an assign-ment of a serviceman to a new groupingor location � My next posting is in Ger-many.postpone

postpone /pəυst|�pəυn/ verb to makean event happen at a later time thanoriginally planned � H-Hour has beenpostponed until 1530hrs.post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder/�pəυst trɔ�|�m�tk �stres ds |�ɔ�də/noun mental collapse, as a result of afrightening or horrific experience. AbbrPTSD. � battle fatigue, shell shockpotable

potable /�pɒtəb(ə)l/ adjective US fitfor drinking � It was impossible to findany potable water in the contaminatedarea.pouch

pouch /paυtʃ/ noun webbing or leath-er container, which is attached to a sol-dier’s belt and is designed to hold am-munition or equipmentpound

pound /paυnd/ noun a unit of weight,corresponding to 0.4536 kilogramsPOW

POW abbreviation prisoner of warPOW camp

POW camp /�prz(ə)n k�mp/, prisoncamp noun a secure location where


187 Presidential Guard

prisoners-of-war are accommodated. �

concentration camppower

power /�paυə/ noun 1. mechanical orelectrical energy � The village has beendeprived of power for ten days. � Theengine keeps losing power. 2. a militarystrength � Does the gun have the powerto knock out that battery? 3. a state withinternational influence which is basedupon military strength � There is a dan-ger of involvement by foreign powers. 4.an authorization to do something � verbto supply an apparatus or machine withmechanical or electrical energy � Thissubmarine is powered by nuclear ener-gy.power lines

power lines /�paυə lanz/ plural nounwires, which convey large quantities ofelectricity from one location to anotherpower of arrest

power of arrest /�paυə əv ə|�rest/noun legal authority to arrest a personpowerpack

powerpack /�paυəp�k/ noun an en-gine of an armoured fighting vehicle.Also known as powerplantpowerplant

powerplant /�paυəplɑ�nt/ noun anengine of an armoured fighting vehicle.Also known as powerpackpowers of arrest

powers of arrest /�paυəz əv ə |�rest/plural noun the conditions under whicha member of the security forces may le-gally arrest a person � There is no pow-er of arrest for this offence.power station

power station /�paυə �steʃ(ə)n/noun an installation which produceselectricityPR

PR abbreviation public relationsprecaution

precaution /pr |�kɔ�ʃ(ə)n/ noun an ac-tion or procedure which is carried out inadvance, in order to counter or preventdanger or failure � The accident hap-pened because he failed to take the cor-rect precautions. � Wear your helmet asa precaution.precautionary

precautionary /pr|�kɔ�ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/adjective (of actions or procedure) as aprecaution � This is just a precaution-ary measure.precision

precision /pr |�s%(ə)n/ noun accuracyprecision guided munition

precision guided munition /pr|

�s%(ə)n �(add mju�|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun abomb or missile, containing an auto-

matic guidance system (such as an anti-radar missile, cruise missile, laser-guid-ed a bomb, etc.). Abbr PGM. � smartbombPredator

Predator /�predətə/ noun an Ameri-can-designed hand-held anti-tank mis-silepre-emptive strike

pre-emptive strike /pri|�emptv�strak/ noun an act of attacking a po-tential enemy before he attacks yourown forces or territorypreparation

preparation /�prepə|�reʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of preparing for something � Theoperation failed because of poor prepa-ration. � We were still making our prep-arations when the enemy attacked.preparatory

preparatory /pr|�p�rət(ə)ri/ adjec-tive as a preparationpreparatory bombardment

preparatory bombardment /pr|

�p�rət(ə)ri bɒm|�bɑ�dmənt/ noun thebombardment of an objective, prior toan assaultprepare

prepare /pr|�peə/ verb to make your-self or a thing ready for something � Heprepared the weapon for firing. � Pre-pare to move!prepared for demolition

prepared for demolition /pr|�peədfə �demə|�lʃ(ə)n/ adjective fitted withexplosive chargespresence

presence /�prez(ə)ns/ noun the factof having people or units which repre-sent a particular country or organizationwithin a particular area � a permanentUS presence in the Persian Gulfpresence patrol

presence patrol /�prezəns pə|�trəυl/noun a patrol conducted for the purposeof reminding people that there is a mil-itary presence in the areapresent

present /�prez(ə)nt/ adverb at this lo-cation � The company is present andready for your inspection, Sir. � nounthis moment in time � At present, we areunaware of the enemy’s intentions. �

verb to offer or give � He was presentedwith a painting of a Warrior.present arms

present arms /pr|�zent �ɑ�mz/ verbto salute someone by holding a rifle infront of the body in a vertical positionPresidential Guard

Presidential Guard /�prezdenʃ(ə)l�(ɑ�d/ noun elite troops whose duty isto protect the president


pressel-switch 188pressel-switch

pressel-switch /�pres(ə)l �swtʃ/noun a switch, connected to or formingpart of a microphone, which is pressedin order to transmit a radio message �

No-one will hear you if you don’t keepthe pressel-switch pressed down. �

Three clicks on the pressel-switchmeans that the enemy is approachingthe ambush.prevent

prevent /pr|�vent/ verb 1. to stopsomething happening � It was impossi-ble to prevent the accident. 2. to stopsomeone doing something � We man-aged to prevent the civilians attackingthe prisoner.primary aircraft authorized

primary aircraft authorized/�praməri �eə|�krɑ�ft �ɔ�θə|�razd/ nounfull form of PAAprimary call sign

primary call sign /�praməri �kɔ�l�san/ noun the main identifying callsign used by a radio operator or stationprimary jungle

primary jungle /�praməri �d%�ŋ(əl/noun a jungle where the trees havegrown to a considerable height, andthere is little ground vegetationprimary objective

primary objective /�praməri əb|

�d%ektv/ noun the most important ob-jective of an operationprimary radio frequency

primary radio frequency/�praməri �rediəυ �fri�kwənsi/ nounthe usual or strongest radio frequencyprime

prime /pram/ verb to prepare an ex-plosive device for detonation � He ispriming grenades. � The missile primesitself when fired.primer

primer /�pramə/ noun a small explo-sive charge used to detonate the explo-sive of a bomb or other explosive device� He removed the primer from thebomb.principle

principle /�prnsp(ə)l/ noun a generalrule which is the basis for political ormilitary actionprinciples of war

principles of war /�prnsp(ə)lz əv�wɔ�/ plural noun the mass, manoeuvre,surprise, security, simplicity, objective,offensive, economy of force, unity ofcommandprison

prison /�prz(ə)n/ noun a secure loca-tion, where people (especially convict-ed criminals) are confined

prison camp

prison camp /�prz(ə)n k�mp/ nouna camp, where prisoners of war are con-finedprisoner

prisoner /�prz(ə)nə/ noun 1. a personwho is confined in a prison 2. a personwho has been arrested or captured � totake someone prisoner to capturesomeone � A prisoner of war is some-one who tries to kill you and fails, andthen asks you not to kill him – Sir Win-ston Churchillprisoner of war

prisoner of war /�prz(ə)nə əv �wɔ�/noun a serviceman captured by the ene-my during a war. Abbr POW, PWprivate

private /�pravət/ noun the lowestrank in the British and US armies. Fullform private soldier

COMMENT: In certain regiments andcorps of the British Army, privates areknown by different titles: for examplecraftsman, guardsman, gunner,trooper, etc.

private first class

private first class /�pravət f$�st�klɑ�s/ noun US 1. an experienced pri-vate soldier in the army, with certain su-pervisory responsibilities (equivalent toa lance corporal in the marines) 2. thelowest rank in the marines � abbr Pfcprivate military company

private military company /�pravt�mltər �k�mpən/ noun a privatebusiness organization, which marketsmilitary training and expertise, and insome cases, personnel and equipment,to foreign clients (e.g. governments ofdeveloping nations), usually in a coun-ter-insurgency or internal security situ-ation. Abbr PMC

COMMENT: This is an emotive subject,and many critics, including journalistsand government officials, have dis-missed PMCs as mercenaries, usingthe term in a derogatory context.PMCs which operate within the con-straints of international law and theGeneva Convention would argue thatthey provide a legitimate service, es-pecially to the governments of poorernations, whose own military assetsare inadequate and who, for politicalor strategic reasons, have been una-ble to obtain military assistance fromthe international community (e.g. UNpeacekeeping forces).

PRO

PRO abbreviation public relations of-ficer


189 Provost – Marshalproactive

proactive /prəυ|��ktv/ adjective tak-ing the initiative in order to preventproblems occurring (of actions or poli-cy) � We need a more proactive re-sponse to the increase in terrorism.Compare reactiveprobe

probe /prəυb/ verb to attack in order totest the enemy defences and locate anyweak points � The enemy has beenprobing our line throughout the night. �noun 1. an act of making a probing at-tack � The attack was just a probe. 2. along thin instrument which can bepushed into something to search for orexamine something inside it. � refuel-ling probeprocedure

procedure /prə|�si�d%ə/ noun a seriesof actions, which are carried out in spe-cific sequence or mannerprocedure words

procedure words /prə |�si�d%əw$�dz/ plural noun special codewordsused in radio transmissions to indicate aparticular action, e.g. ‘roger’ or ‘over’production logistics

production logistics /prə|�d�kʃ(ə)nlə|�d%stks/ noun the design and manu-facture of materiel for use by the armedforcesprohibit

prohibit /prəυ |�hbt/ verb to make arule or law to stop something beingdoneprojectile

projectile /prə|�d%ektal/ noun 1. any-thing which is fired at a target (e.g. abullet, missile, shell, etc.) 2. anythingwhich is thrown or propelled by othermeans at a target � The defenders ranout of ammunition and threw stones andother projectiles at the attacking forces.projectile velocity

projectile velocity /prə|�d%ektal və|

�lɒsti/ noun the speed at which a bullet,shell, etc., travelspromote

promote /prə |�məυt/ verb to raise aserviceman to a higher rank � He waspromoted to sergeant. Compare de-motepromotion

promotion /prə|�məυʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of promoting someone � On his pro-motion to sergeant he decided to getmarried.prone

prone /prəυn/ adjective lying on yourstomach � He was shooting from theprone position.

prong

prong /prɒŋ/ noun one of two or morepointed parts of a forkpronged

pronged /prɒŋd/ adjective like prongspropaganda

propaganda /�prɒpə |�(�ndə/ noun aselective release of information (wheth-er true or untrue), in order to influencepublic opinionpropellant

propellant /prə|�pelənt/ noun an ex-plosive charge, which is used to fire aprojectileprotect

protect /prə|�tekt/ verb 1. (of people)to prevent injury or capture 2. (ofthings) to prevent damage or captureprotection

protection /prə|�tekʃən/ noun 1. anact of protecting � I am responsible forthe protection of these civilians. 2.something which protects � Eye-protec-tion should be worn when using this de-vice.protective

protective /prə|�tektv/ adjective de-signed to protect � You should wearprotective clothing.Protestant Church

Protestant Church /�prɒtstənt�tʃ$�tʃ/ noun a western European formof Christianity, promoting some beliefswhich differ widely from those held bythe Roman Catholic Church. CompareOrthodox Church, Roman CatholicChurchprotocol

protocol /�prəυtəkɒl/ noun 1. correctbehaviour on official or ceremonial oc-casions 2. a set of rules which specifythe correct way to do somethingprotractor

protractor /prə|�tr�ktə/ noun a math-ematical instrument used to calculategrid bearingsprovocation

provocation /�prɒvə|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounan act which provokesprovoke

provoke /prə|�vəυk/ verb to say or dosomething, which causes another per-son to act offensively � The soldiershave been ordered not to react whenthey are provoked.provost

provost /prə|�vəυ/ adjective relating tothe military policeprovost company

provost company /�prɒvəst�k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a company of mili-tary policeProvost – Marshal

Provost – Marshal /�prɒvəst�mɑ�ʃ(ə)l/ noun a senior administrativeappointment in the military police


Provost Sergeant 190Provost Sergeant

Provost Sergeant /�prɒvəst�sɑ�d%(ə)nt/ noun an NCO in charge ofthe Regimental Police (RP)PROWLER

PROWLER /�praυlə/ noun � EA-6prowords

prowords /�prəυw$�dz/ plural nounsame as procedure wordsproxy bomb

proxy bomb /�prɒksi bɒm/ noun aterrorist bombing tactic, where an inno-cent civilian is forced by the terrorists tocarry an explosive device or drive a carcontaining an explosive device up to atarget (e.g. security force base); the de-vice is then initiated by a timer or by re-mote control

COMMENT: The most effective way offorcing a person to deliver a proxybomb is to take members of his orher family hostage and threatening toharm them if he or she does not com-ply.

PSG pill

PSG pill /�pi� es �d%i� pl/ noun a pilltaken to counter the effects of nerveagentspsychological

psychological /�sakə|�lɒd%k(ə)l/adjective relating to a person’s mentalstatepsychological operations

psychological operations/�sakəlɒd%k(ə)l �ɒpə|�reʃ(ə)nz/ pluralnoun activities designed to lower theenemy’s morale (such as the use of leaf-lets, radio transmissions, etc.). AbbrPSYOPSpsychological warfare

psychological warfare/�sakəlɒd%k(ə)l �wɔ�feə/ noun the useof psychological operations in wartime.Abbr PSYWARPSYOPS

PSYOPS /�saɒps/ abbreviation psy-chological operationsPSYWAR

PSYWAR /�sawɔ�/ abbreviation psy-chological warfarePT

PT abbreviation physical trainingPT-76

PT-76 /�pi� ti� �sev(ə)nt �sks/ noun aSoviet-designed light tankPte

Pte abbreviation privatePTI

PTI abbreviation physical training in-structorPTP

PTP /�pi� ti� �pi�/ noun US a locationwhere fuel is transferred from largetanker vehicles into smaller tanker vehi-cles which are capable of advancingwith the fighting units. Full form petro-leum transfer point

PTSD

PTSD abbreviation post-traumaticstress disorderpublic

public /�p�blk/ adjective 1. relating topeople in general 2. open to the generalpublic � This is not a public road. �

noun � the general public people ingeneral � the army base is not open tothe general publicpublic duties

public duties /�p�blk �dju�tz/ plu-ral noun ceremonial duties in London orat one of the other royal residences (e.g.guarding Buckingham Palace, Troopingthe Colour, etc.)public information

public information /�p�blk �nfə|

�meʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of P-INFOpublic order

public order /�p�blk �ɔ�də/ noun astate of law and order within a commu-nitypublic relations

public relations /�p�blk r|

�leʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun the managementof an organization’s image and reputa-tionpublic relations officer

public relations officer /�p�blk r |

�leʃ(ə)nz �ɒfsə/ noun a person whosejob it is to communicate with the public,in order to improve the image of an or-ganization. Abbr PROpulka

pulka /�pυlkə/ noun a lightweightsledge designed to be towed by a manon skis, and used to carry extra equip-ment or storespull back

pull back /�pυl �b�k/ verb to with-draw � We were forced to pull back.pull out

pull out /�pυl �aυt/ verb to abandon aposition � The enemy is pulling out.pull rank

pull rank /�pυl �r�ŋk/ verb to invokethe authority of your rank when disa-greeing with a subordinate � I’ll have topull rank on you over this matter.pull-through

pull-through /�pυl θru�/ noun alength of cord with a weight at one endand a strip of flannelette at the other,which is pulled through the barrel of aweapon in order to clean it � I’ve brokenmy pull-through.pulse

pulse /p�ls/ noun the slight movementwhich can be felt in the wrist or neck asblood passes along a blood vessel whenthe heart beats � His pulse is very weak.Puma

Puma /�pju�mə/ noun a French-de-signed transport helicopter


191 PZpunish

punish /�p�nʃ/ verb to make someonesuffer, because they have done some-thing wrong � He was punished for be-ing absent without leave.punishment

punishment /�p�nʃmənt/ noun anact of punishing a personpunitive

punitive /�pju�ntv/ adjective intend-ed as a punishment � The government ismounting a punitive expedition againstthe rebels.punji

punji /�p�nd%i/ noun in Vietnam, asharpened stick concealed in a shallowpit in order to injure the foot of anyonewho steps on itPUP

PUP abbreviation pick-up pointpurification

purification /�pjυərf|�keʃ(ə)n/noun the action of making something,usually water, clean and fit for usepurification tablet

purification tablet /�pjυərf|�keʃən�t�blt/ noun a tablet designed to makewater fit to drink by killing bacteria �

You must use purification tablets withthis water.Puritabs™

Puritabs™ /�pjυər|�t�bs/ noun atype of water purification tabletpursue

pursue /pə|�sju�/ verb to follow a re-treating or withdrawing enemy force,with the intention of destroying or cap-turing as much of it as possible � Wewere too exhausted to pursue the enemyinto the mountains. � to pursue by fireto shoot at a retreating enemy until he isno longer visible or beyond the effectiverange of your weaponspursuit

pursuit /pə|�sju�t/ noun an act of pur-suing (especially after a successful at-tack)push

push /pυʃ/ noun 1. an act of pushing �The car’s stuck in the mud, can you giveus a push? 2. a large-scale offensive op-eration � They made a push to capturethe capital before Christmas. � verb to

use physical force on an object, in orderto move it away from one � We had topush the truck off the road. � We pushedthe enemy back to their original posi-tions.push on

push on /�pυʃ �ɒn/ verb to move for-wards as fast as possible � Our aim is topush on as fast as possible to capturethe capital.puttee

puttee /�p�ti�/ noun a strip of cloth(similar to a bandage) which is wrappedaround the ankle and lower leg in orderto provide support and to prevent smallstones and other loose objects goinginto your boots � When I joined the ar-my, we still wore puttees.PW

PW abbreviation prisoner of warPWO

PWO /�pi�wəυ/ noun an officer on awarship who coordinates the sea battle.Compare AWOPX

PX /�pi� �eks/ noun US a shop or shop-ping centre on an American militarybase or camp. Full form post ex-change (NOTE: The British equivalent isthe NAAFI.)pylon

pylon /�palən/ noun a metal structure,designed to support power lines abovethe groundpyrotechnic

pyrotechnic /�parə|�teknk/ adjec-tive 1. designed to burn, in order to pro-duce light for illumination or signallingpurposes 2. designed to explode, in or-der to produce noise for battle simula-tion � noun a pyrotechnic device (e.g. atrip-flare, thunderflash, Very light, etc.)pyrrhic victory

pyrrhic victory /�prk �vktər/noun a victory in which the losses suf-fered by the winning side are so high,that they outweigh the advantagesgained by winning the battlePZ

PZ abbreviation pick-up zone


QUEBEC - QqQ-5

Q-5 /�kju� �fav/ noun a Chinese-de-signed close-support fighter aircraft(NOTE: known to NATO as the Fantan)Q-fever

Q-fever /�kju� �fi�və/ noun a disease ofcattle and sheep, which is transmissibleto humans

COMMENT: Caused by Coxiella bur-netti., the symptoms of Q-fever arefever, cough and headaches. Certainnations are known to have developedQ-fever for use as a biological weap-on.

QM

QM abbreviation quartermasterQ-matters

Q-matters /kju�|�m�təz/ plural nounlogistics at battalion level (i.e. thosedealt with by the quartermaster or com-pany quartermaster sergeants)QMG

QMG abbreviation quartermaster gen-eralQRA

QRA /�kju� ɑ�r �e/ noun an air forcestate of readiness, where aircraft areprepared to take off and go into action atvery short notice � The squadron is onQRA. Full form quick reaction alertQRF

QRF abbreviation quick reaction forcequarry

quarry /�kwɒri/ noun a place wherestone is extracted from the ground � TheRAP was located in a quarry.quarter

quarter /�kwɔ�tə/ noun 1. a house orflat provided for a married servicemanand his family � We’ve got a lovelyquarter. 2. sparing an enemy’s life oncondition that he surrenders � Quarterwas neither expected nor given. � noquarter! take no prisoners! � verb � toquarter someone on someone to pro-vide accommodation for someone � hewas quartered on the local priest

quartermaster

quartermaster /�kwɔ�təmɑ�stə/noun an officer (usually a captain) re-sponsible for the logistics of a battalionor equivalent-sized grouping. Abbr QM

COMMENT: In the British Army, a quar-termaster commission has a lowerstatus than a Queen’s Commission.Thus, a captain holding a quarter-master commission is considered tobe junior to a second lieutenant hold-ing a Queen’s Commission.

quartermaster commission

quartermaster commission/�kwɔ�təmɑ�stə kə|�mʃ(ə)n/ noun acommission held by an officer who hasbeen promoted from the ranks, insteadof undergoing normal officer selectionand training which results in a Queen’sCommissionquartermaster general

quartermaster general/�kwɔ�təmɑ�stə �d%en(ə)rəl/ noun asenior army officer, responsible forquartering. Abbr QMGquarters

quarters /�kwɔ�təz/ plural noun livingaccommodation on a military base � Hewas confined to his quarters. � He’s inhis quarters.quay

quay /ki�/ noun a structure built along-side or into water, which is used for theloading and unloading of shipsQuebec

Quebec /kw|�bek/ noun the seven-teenth letter of the phonetic alphabet(Qq)Queen’s Commission

Queen’s Commission /�kwi�nz kə |

�mʃ(ə)n/ noun a commission held byan officer who has undergone normalofficer selection and training (NOTE:When the British monarch is a king, thecommission becomes the King’s Com-mission.)


193 quick reaction alertQueen’s Regulations

Queen’s Regulations /�kwi�nz�re(jυ |�leʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun a set ofrules and regulations governing theconduct of the British Army (NOTE:When the British monarch is a king, the

regulations become King’s Regula-tions.)quick reaction alert

quick reaction alert /�kwk ri |

��kʃən ə|�l$�t/ noun full form of QRA


ROMEO - RrRA

RA abbreviation Royal Artilleryrabble

rabble /�r�b(ə)l/ noun a disorganizedcrowd of people � The enemy force dis-integrated into a rabble.rabid

rabid /�r�bd/ adjective infected withrabies � A rabid fox came into the camp.rabies

rabies /�rebi�z/ noun a fatal virus af-fecting mammals (especially dogs, fox-es and wolves but also man), which istransmitted by the animal’s saliva

COMMENT: Wild animals infected withrabies often lose their fear of people.

RAC

RAC abbreviation Royal ArmouredCorpsradar

radar /�redɑ�/ noun a system for de-tecting aircraft, vehicles, ships or otherobjects, through the transmission ofhigh-frequency electromagnetic waveswhich are reflected back by the object �The aircraft flew low in order to avoidenemy radar.radar-absorbent material

radar-absorbent material /�redɑ�əb|�zɔ�bənt mə|�təriəl/ noun a sub-stance which does not reflect radarwaves, used as a covering on earliertypes of stealth aircraft, in order tomake them invisible to enemy radarequipment. Abbr RAMradar-absorbent structural material

radar-absorbent structural ma-terial /�redɑ� əb|�zɔ�bənt�str�ktʃ(ə)rəl mə|�təriəl/ noun a sub-stance which does not reflect radarwaves, used in the construction ofstealth aircraft, in order to make theminvisible to enemy radar. Abbr RASradar cross-section

radar cross-section /�redɑ� �krɒs�sekʃən/ noun the shape of an object inrelation to its ability to reflect radarwaves. Abbr RCS

radar guided

radar guided /�redɑ� �(add/ adjec-tive equipped with a guidance systemwhich uses radar to acquire its targetsradar scan

radar scan /�redɑ� sk�n/ noun themovement of a radar beam as it turnsand searches for objectsradar seeker

radar seeker /�redɑ� �si�kə/ noun aguidance system which uses radar to lo-cate its targetsradar warning receiver

radar warning receiver /�redɑ��wɔ�nŋ r|�si�və/ noun full form ofRWRradiation

radiation /�redi|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun anemission of energy as rays of heat, lightor electromagnetic wavesradiation sickness

radiation sickness /�redi|�eʃ(ə)n�sknəs/ noun an illness caused by ex-posure to radiation from a radioactivesubstanceradio

radio /�rediəυ/ noun 1. a transmissionand reception of audible signals, usingelectromagnetic waves � to impose ra-dio silence to start radio silence � to liftradio silence to end radio silence 2. anapparatus designed to transmit and re-ceive radio signalsradioactive

radioactive /�rediəυ|��ktv/ adjec-tive giving off radiation in the form ofharmful raysradioactivity

radioactivity /�rediəυ�k|�tvti/noun radiation given off by a radioac-tive substanceradio check

radio check /�rediəυ tʃek/ noun aradio transmission to ensure that the ra-dios are working and on the correct fre-quencyradio contact

radio contact /�rediəυ �kɒnt�kt/noun the ability to communicate withanother person or grouping over the ra-dio � We were in radio contact with the


195 R & R

base this morning. � The HQ has lostradio contact with the platoon.radio control

radio control /�rediəυ kən|�trəυl/noun a means of operating a device ormachine by radio signals (e.g. radio-controlled aircraft, radio-controlledbomb)radio-controlled

radio-controlled /�rediəυ kən|

�trəυld/ adjective controlled by radiosignalsradio frequency

radio frequency /�rediəυ�fri�kwənsi/ noun a radio setting onwhich a signal is transmitted and re-ceived � alternate radio frequency asecond or emergency radio frequencyradioman

radioman /�rediəυm�n/ noun sameas radio operator (NOTE: The pluralform is radiomen.)radio operator

radio operator /�rediəυ �ɒpə|�retə/noun a person whose job is to send andreceive signals on a radioradio silence

radio silence /�rediəυ �saləns/noun a state when no one is allowed totransmit on the radioradio watch

radio watch /�rediəυ wɒtʃ/ noun aperiod of duty which is spent listeningto a radioradome

radome /�redəυm/ noun a large disk-like antenna, which is mounted on thefuselage of airborne early warning andcontrol (AEW & C) aircraft such as A-40, E-3, Orion AEW&CRAF

RAF abbreviation Royal Air Forceraid

raid /red/ noun a military operation inwhich a small force enters enemy terri-tory in order to cause casualties, destroyequipment or take prisoners, and thenwithdraws back to its own lines again �We must keep a look out for possibleraids by guerillas. � verb to carry out araid � The enemy raided our supply de-pot.rail

rail /rel/ noun 1. one of many longmetal bars, which are fitted together toform a railway line 2. transport by train� The battalion is moving by rail.railhead

railhead /�relhed/ noun a point on arailway, where troops leave their trainsand continue their journey using otherforms of transportrailroad

railroad /�relrəυd/ noun US a railway

rail warrant

rail warrant /�rel �wɒrənt/ noun anofficial document which entitles a serv-iceman to a free railway ticketrailway

railway /�relwe/, railway line/�relwe lan/ noun two parallel linesof rails, along which a train travelsrain

rain /ren/ noun drops of water, whichfall from the sky � Heavy rain delayedthe start of the offensive. � The tropicalrain turned the paths to mud. � verb (ofrain) to fall from the sky � It is rainingheavily and this makes any immediateattack unlikely.rainy season

rainy season /�reni �si�z(ə)n/ noun atime of year when there is a lot of rain �With the end of the rainy season, mili-tary operations will restart. Comparedry season, monsoonraise

raise /rez/ verb 1. to lift or put an ob-ject into a higher position � The tankraised its gun barrel. 2. to promote to ahigher rank � He was raised to corpo-ral. 3. to establish radio contact with an-other call-sign (radio terminology) � Ican’t raise 22B.rake

rake /rek/ verb to fire over a wide areawith an automatic weapon � They rakedthe street with machine-gun fire.rally

rally /�r�li/ verb to reassemble after aperiod of confusion � The platoon ral-lied at the edge of the village. � The ser-geant rallied his men. (NOTE: rallying –rallied)RAM

RAM abbreviation radar-absorbent ma-terialRAMC

RAMC noun the unit of the Britisharmy responsible for the medical careof service personnel. Full form RoyalArmy Medical Corpsramp

ramp /r�mp/ noun an inclined surfacedesigned to enable people or vehicles tomove onto or off a vehicle or aircraft orshipR & D

R & D abbreviation research and devel-opmentR & R

R & R /�ɑ� ən �ɑ�/ noun a period of hol-iday taken during operational duty �

American troops come to the resort fora period of R & R Full form rest andrecuperation


range 196range

range /rend%/ noun 1. the maximumdistance that a weapon can fire � Thismissile has a range of one hundred kil-ometres. � in range, within rangewithin the effective range of a weapon �that tank is in range � out of range be-yond the effective range of a weapon �

that tank is out of range 2. the distancebetween a weapon and its target � Hedestroyed the tank at a range of twohundred metres. 3. an area of groundused for shooting practicerange card

range card /�rend% kɑ�d/ noun acard showing topographical features ortargets and the distance to them from aspecific locationrangefinder

rangefinder /�rend%fandə/ noun adevice designed to calculate the exactdistance to an objectRangers

Rangers /�rend%əz/ plural noun a USArmy special forces organizationrange tables

range tables /�rend% �teb(ə)lz/ plu-ral noun a set of figures displayed incolumns, showing the elevations re-quired by artillery or mortars to hit tar-gets at specific distances

COMMENT: In most armies, range ta-bles have been replaced by compu-terized fire-control data systems.

rank

rank /r�ŋk/ noun 1. an official title, in-dicating a serviceman’s position in thehierarchy (such as corporal, sergeant,lieutenant, etc.) 2. � the ranks ordinarysoldiers as a group � He rose throughthe ranks to become a general. 3. a pa-rade formation, in which men standside-by-side in a line � Form threeranks!ranker

ranker /�r�ŋkə/ noun a soldier who isnot an officerrank insignia

rank insignia /�r�ŋk n |�s(niə/ nounUS insignia which show a person’s rankRAP

RAP abbreviation regimental aid postrape

rape /rep/ noun an act of raping awoman � Two soldiers were accused ofrape. � verb to force a woman to havesex � The marines were accused of rap-ing a girl they had met in a bar.rapid

rapid /�r�pd/ adjective quickrapid fire

rapid fire /�r�pd �faə/ verb to fireseveral shots in quick succession

rapid reaction force

rapid reaction force /�r�pd ri|

��kʃən �fɔ�s/ noun 1. a combined-armsforce, which is ready to deploy to anarea of operations at very short notice 2.a multinational combined-arms forceunder command of the European Union(EU), with a primary role of peacekeep-ing. Abbr RRFRapier

Rapier /�repə/ noun a British-de-signed surface-to-air missile (SAM)rappel

rappel /r�|�pel/ verb to descend, usinga rope � The patrol rappelled into thejungle from a helicopter.Raptor

Raptor /�r�ptə/ noun � F-22RAS

RAS abbreviation radar-absorbentstructural materialrate of fire

rate of fire /�ret əv �faə/ noun thenumber of rounds fired by a weapon inone minuterating

rating /�retŋ/ noun a junior non-commissioned rank in the navyration

ration /�r�ʃ(ə)n/ noun a regulationamount of food, fuel or other resource,which is issued or available to a personin times of shortage � The water rationis one litre per man. � verb to limit theamount of food, fuel or other resourcethat a person is allowed to have � Petrolis being rationed.rationing

rationing /�r�ʃ(ə)nŋ/ noun the policyof restricting supplies, especially dur-ing wartime � The government is goingto introduce petrol rationing.rations

rations /�r�ʃ(ə)nz/ plural noun foodissued to a soldier on operations or ex-ercise � The company will draw rationsat 1400hrs.rats

rats /r�ts/ abbreviation rationsRaven

Raven /�revən/ noun � EF-111Aravine

ravine /rə|�vi�n/ noun a deep narrowvalley, with steep sidesraw

raw /rɔ�/ adjective 1. (of meat) un-cooked � The refugees were eating rawhorse meat. 2. (of soldiers) very inexpe-rienced � The reserves consisted of rawrecruits.razor wire

razor wire /�rezə �waə/ noun a wirewith a sharp cutting edge, similar in useto barbed wire. � concertina wireRCS

RCS abbreviation radar cross-section


197 rebroRct

Rct abbreviation recruitRE

RE abbreviation Royal Engineersreact

react /ri |��kt/ verb to do something inresponse to an incident or situationreaction

reaction /ri|��kʃən/ noun 1. an act ofreacting to something � His immediatereaction was one of shock. 2. an actiona person takes when reacting to some-thing � The general’s reaction was toorder further bombing raids. 3. com-bined-arms force, which is ready to de-ploy to an area of operations at veryshort notice 4. a multinational com-bined-arms force under command of theEuropean Union (EU), with a primaryrole of peacekeeping. � Allied RapidReaction Corpsreaction force

reaction force /ri |��kʃən �fɔ�s/ nouna small mobile multinational forcewhose role is to provide immediate aidin a crisis situationreactive

reactive /ri |��ktv/ adjective dealingwith a problem once it has started to oc-cur (of actions or policy) � Most of ourcountermeasures seem to be purely re-active. Compare proactivereactive armour

reactive armour /ri|��ktv �ɑ�mə/noun same as explosive reactive ar-mourreadiness

readiness /�redinəs/ noun beingready to do somethingreadiness state

readiness state, state of readinessnoun a period of time in which a personor grouping must be ready to do some-thing � The squadron is currently on areadiness state of fifteen minutes.ready

ready /�redi/ adverb fully prepared andin a position to do somethingreal estate

real estate /�rəl |�stet/ noun USground (especially in a logistics or ad-ministration context)reallocate

reallocate /ri� |��ləket/ verb to allo-cate in a different way � The nationalforces which have been provided toNATO may be reallocated to differentsectors.reallocation

reallocation /�ri��lə|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe action of reallocatingreallocation authority

reallocation authority /�ri��lə|

�keʃ(ə)n ɔ� |�θɒrti/ noun authority giv-en to a NATO commander to reallocate

multinational forces under his com-mandrear

rear /rə/ adjective 1. moving or locat-ed at the back of a formation or position� We engaged the rear platoon. 2. locat-ed behind the forward positions � noun1. the back of a formation or position �

He was moving at the rear. 2. an areabehind the front line � We are moving tothe rear.Rear

Rear /rə/ noun rear headquarters �

Rear is located at grid 453654.rear admiral

rear admiral /�rə ��dmərəl/ nounUS a senior officer in the navyrear-admiral

rear-admiral /�rə ��dmərəl/ noun asenior officer in the navyrearguard

rearguard /�rə(ɑ�d/ noun a smallmilitary force, positioned at the rear ofa withdrawing force, in order to fightoff the enemy pursuitrear headquarters

rear headquarters /�rə hed|

�kwɔ�təz/ plural noun the primary lo-gistical headquarters for a large tacticalgrouping (normally located well to therear of the front line)rearm

rearm /ri�|�ɑ�m/ verb to equip with newweaponsrearmament

rearmament /ri�|�ɑ�məmənt/ noun anact of rearmingrearmost

rearmost /�rəməυst/ adjective fur-thest in the rearrearward

rearward /�rəwəd/ adjective towardsthe rear � All rearward movement hasbeen delayed by the chemical attack. �

adverb towards the rear � The enemy ismoving rearward.rebel

rebel /�reb(ə)l/ noun a person whouses armed force to oppose the estab-lished government � The rebels havecaptured the barracks. � insurgent,revolutionary � verb to oppose the es-tablished government with armed force� Some mountain tribes have rebelledagainst the provincial government.rebellion

rebellion /r|�beljən/ noun armed re-sistance to the established governmentor to the army command � The rebellionspread rapidly to neighbouring prov-inces. � insurgency, insurrectionrebro

rebro /�ri�brəυ/ abbreviation rebroad-cast


rebroadcast 198rebroadcast

rebroadcast /ri�|�brɔ�dkɑ�st/ noun anact of rebroadcasting a radio signal.Abbr rebro � verb to receive a radiosignal and then transmit it on to anotherreceiver, which is too far away to re-ceive the original signal. � relayrecall

recall /r|�kɔ�l/ verb to order a person orunit to return to a location or grouping �The patrol has been recalled. � The gov-ernment is recalling reservists.recapture

recapture /ri�|�k�ptʃə/ verb 1. to cap-ture a position or location which hasbeen captured by the enemy � We re-captured the positions we had lost theprevious day. 2. to capture a prisonerwho has escaped � After three days’search, all the prisoners were recap-tured.recce

recce /�reki/ adjective relating to re-connaissance � noun 1. a reconnais-sance � We need to carry out a recce ofthe bridge. 2. reconnaissance units �

Enemy recce has been sighted to theeast of Mikulov. � verb to reconnoitre �

We need to recce the bridge.recce group

recce group /�reki (ru�p/ noun asmall group (usually consisting of acommander and his subordinate com-manders), which carries out a recon-naissance before planning an operationor task. Abbr R Grouprecce patrol

recce patrol /�reki pə|�trəυl/ noun asmall covert patrol sent out to gather in-formation or reconnoitre groundreceiver

receiver /r |�si�və/ noun 1. an instru-ment which detects electronic signalsand converts them into a form in whichthey can be seen or heard 2. a frame ona gun that guides the round into thechamber 3. a person who receives com-municationsreception

reception /r|�sepʃən/ noun 1. an actof receiving a radio signal � He ac-knowledged reception of the signal. 2.the quality of a radio signal � There isvery poor reception in this area.recharge

recharge /ri�|�tʃɑ�d%/ verb 1. to putelectrical power into a dead battery 2. toput ammunition into an empty maga-zine or ammunition compartmentrecognition

recognition /�rekə(|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of identifying a person or thing

recognition marking

recognition marking /�rekə(|

�nʃ(ə)n �mɑ�kŋ/ noun a distinctivesymbol painted on all vehicles, so thatfriendly forces will not mistake eachother for the enemy � During the GulfWar, the coalition recognition markingwas an inverted V.recognition signal

recognition signal /�rekə(|�nʃ(ə)n�s(n(ə)l/ noun a verbal or other signalwhich identifies a person or unit as be-ing friendlyrecognize

recognize /�rekə( |�naz/, recognise/�rekə(naz/ verb 1. to identify a per-son, place or thing because one remem-bers it � He recognized the crossroads.2. to acknowledge that something iscorrect or legal � I do not recognizeyour authority in this matter. � The EUcountries have recognized the new gov-ernment.recoil

recoil /�ri�kɔl/ noun the backwardmovement of a gun when it is fired �

This weapon has hardly any recoil. �

verb (of guns and firing mechanisms) tomove backwards when fired � He wasinjured when the gun recoiled.recon

recon /�ri�kɒn/ adjective relating to re-connaissance � noun 1. a reconnais-sance � We need to do a recon of thebridge. 2. reconnaissance units � Ene-my recon has been sighted to the east ofMikulov. (NOTE: The British Englishterm is recce.)reconnaissance

reconnaissance /r|�kɒnsəns/ ad-jective relating to reconnaissance �

noun 1. an examination or survey ofground or a specific location, in order toplan an operation or task � He carriedout a detailed reconnaissance of the en-emy position. 2. an act of examining ter-rain in order to identify suitable routesand give warning of natural and man-made obstacles 3. an act of looking forthe enemy 4. reconnaissance units � En-emy reconnaissance has been sighted tothe east of Mikulov. � Time spent in re-connaissance is seldom wasted – Brit-ish Army Field Service Regulations1912. � recce, reconreconnaissance aircraft

reconnaissance aircraft /r|

�kɒnsəns �eəkrɑ�ft/ noun an aircraftdesigned for carrying out reconnais-sance missions


199 redeployreconnaissance by fire

reconnaissance by fire /r |

�kɒns(ə)ns ba �faə/ noun the act offiring at likely enemy positions, in orderto cause the enemy to reveal his locationby moving or by returning firereconnaissance in force

reconnaissance in force /r |

�kɒnsəns n �fɔ�s/ noun reconnais-sance carried out by a large well-armedgrouping, which is strong enough to en-gage the enemy if necessaryreconnaissance unit

reconnaissance unit /r|�kɒnsəns�ju�nt/ noun a unit which moves aheadof the main body of an advancing force,in order to identify suitable routes, givewarning of natural and man-made ob-stacles, and to locate the enemyreconnoiter

reconnoiter /�rekə|�nɔtə/ verb USspelling of reconnoitrereconnoitre

reconnoitre /�rekə|�nɔtə/ verb to car-ry out reconnaissance � A patrol wassent out to reconnoitre the enemy posi-tion. � recce, scoutrecon platoon

recon platoon /�ri�kɒn plə|�tu�n/noun a platoon which specializes in re-connaissancerecord

record noun /�rekɔ�d/ data or informa-tion, which is written down for futurereference � Units will submit records ofall ammunition fired during the year. �

We captured a large quantity of enemyrecords. � verb to write down data or in-formation, so that it may be used in thefuture � He recorded the information inhis notebook.recover

recover /r|�k�və/ verb 1. to becomehealthy after illness or injury � He is re-covering from his wounds. 2. to find andbring back � The crew of the helicopterwhich was brought down have all beenrecovered. 3. (of damaged or defectivevehicles) to collect and bring back forrepair � The tank has been recovered.recovery

recovery /r|�k�v(ə)ri/ noun an act ofrecovering a vehicle � ‘Hello 2, this is22, request recovery at grid 559321,over.’ � The recovery will have to be de-layed until first light.recruit

recruit /r|�kru�t/ noun a newly-enlist-ed serviceman, who is undergoing basictraining � A batch of raw recruits ar-rived at the barracks. � verb to encour-age or persuade people to join the

armed forces, and then arrange for themto do so � They are running a TV adver-tising campaign to recruit for the ma-rines.recruitment

recruitment /r|�kru�tmənt/ noun theprocess of recruiting men and womenfor the armed forces � The marines areplanning a recruitment drive.red

red /red/ noun, adjective the colour ofblood � He wore red flashes on his col-lar.

COMMENT: The positions of enemyforces are usually marked on a mapin red, while those of friendly forcesare marked in blue.

red berets

red berets /�red �berez/ plural nounBritish paratroopers (informal) Com-pare Blue Berets, Green Beretsredcap

redcap /�redk�p/ noun a military po-liceman (informal) � Run for it boys!The redcaps are here!Red Crescent

Red Crescent /�red �krez(ə)nt/ noun1. an international medical and relieforganization in Islamic countries,which is closely connected to the RedCross 2. an internationally-recognizedinsignia, consisting of a red crescent-moon on a white background, used bythe Red Crescent, displayed on militaryambulances, hospital ships, and medi-cal facilities, and worn by medical per-sonnel in Islamic countries. � RedCrossRed Cross

Red Cross /�red �krɒs/ noun 1. an in-ternational organization, dedicated toproviding assistance (especially medi-cal) during times of war or natural dis-aster 2. an internationally-recognizedinsignia, consisting of a red cross on awhite background, used by the RedCross, displayed on military ambulanc-es, hospital ships, and medical facili-ties, and worn by medical personnel. �

Red CrescentRed Ensign

Red Ensign /�red �ensan/ noun aflag displayed by ships of the BritishMerchant Navy (it is red, with the Un-ion Jack in one corner)redeploy

redeploy /�ri�d|�plɔ/ verb 1. to deployto a new location � We redeployed to aposition south of the hill. 2. to deployinto a different tactical formation �

They redeployed into columns.


redistribution 200redistribution

redistribution /ri� |�dstr|�bju�ʃən/noun an action of distributing in a dif-ferent wayredistribution authority

redistribution authority /ri�|�dstr|

�bju�ʃən ɔ�|�θɒrti/ noun authority giv-en to a NATO commander to redistrib-ute forces which have been assigned bydifferent nations in such a way that theyare best used in the operations he is con-trollingred-light district

red-light district /red �lat �dstrkt/noun part of a town or city, containing alarge number of brothels, sex clubs, etc.� The MPs went round the red-light dis-trict collecting drunken soldiers.reduce

reduce /r |�dju�s/ verb to make smalleror less � The government is planning areduction in defence expenditure.reduction

reduction /r|�d�kʃən/ noun an act ofreducingredundancy

redundancy /r|�d�ndənsi/ noun thepractice of maintaining additional mili-tary resources to replace those whichare destroyed or neutralizedre-entrant

re-entrant /ri�|�entrənt/ noun a smallvalley cutting into the side of a hill ormountain (often between two spurs)(topographical term) � The vehicleswere concealed in a small re-entrant onthe other side of the hill.re-entry vehicle

re-entry vehicle /ri�|�entr �vi�k(ə)l/noun a warhead of a surface-to-surfacemissile which is designed to travelthrough space on its way to its target �

This missile is fitted with three nuclearre-entry vehicles. � MIRV. Abbr RV

COMMENT: One missile might be fittedwith several re-entry vehicles, eachof which might be directed at a differ-ent target.

ref

ref abbreviation referencereference

reference /�ref(ə)rəns/ noun 1. a di-rection for obtaining information � Ref-erence: Section 69 of the Army Act,1955. 2. a grid or map reference �

What’s your reference? � preposition inrelation to � ‘Hello 22, this is 2, refer-ence my last order, cancel, over.’ � Withreference to my letter dated 26 Novem-ber. � Reference the church.reference point

reference point /�ref(ə)rəns pɔnt/noun any object or feature on the

ground, which is used to assist in thegiving of directions or to draw anotherperson’s attention to a target or otherobject of interestreflect

reflect /r|�flekt/ verb (of heat, light,sound, radar waves, etc.) to send some-thing back towards its source � Sonardetects underwater objects by transmit-ting sound waves which are reflectedback by the object.refuel

refuel /ri� |�fju�əl/ verb to put fuel into avehicle’s fuel tank � We made a refuel-ling stop before crossing the desert.(NOTE: refuelled – refuelling. The USspelling is refueled – refueling.)refuelling on the move

refuelling on the move /ri�|�fju�əlɒn θə �mu�v/ noun full form of ROMrefuelling point

refuelling point /ri�|�fju�əlŋ pɔnt/noun a place where vehicles can refuelrefuelling probe

refuelling probe /ri�|�fju�əlŋ prəυb/noun a long rigid tube, fitted to the frontof an aircraft, which is inserted into areceptacle called a ‘basket’, in order tocarry out air-to-air refuellingrefuge

refuge /�refju�d%/ noun a place ofsafety � The villagers sought refuge inthe crypt of the local church.refugee

refugee /�refjυ|�d%i�/ noun a personwho leaves his or her home in order toescape from danger (especially war),and looks for refuge elsewhere � Theroad is blocked with refugees.refuse

refuse /r|�fju�z/ verb 1. to not agree todo something � He refused to obey myorders. � I refuse to believe that the en-emy are beaten. 2. (of a line of defence)to position one end of the line back at anangle to the main frontage, in order tomeet the threat of a flanking attack orenvelopmentregiment

regiment /�red%mənt/ noun 1. a tac-tical and administrative army groupingof two or more battalions � Two enemyregiments have crossed the river. 2. anadministrative grouping of one or moreinfantry battalions plus a separate regi-mental headquarters � He served in oneof the Highland Regiments. 3. a tankbattalion, consisting of three or moresquadrons � The brigade consists of twoinfantry battalions and one armouredregiment. 4. a battalion-sized artillery


201 region

grouping, consisting of three or morebatteries � We have a regiment of artil-lery in support. 5. a battalion-sizedgrouping for certain supporting arms(such as engineers) � The government issending a regiment of engineers to as-sist in the rescue operation. 6. US an ar-moured cavalry grouping of two ormore squadrons � An American ar-moured cavalry regiment led the ad-vance. � abbr Regt

COMMENT: In the British Army, the useof the word regiment is rather con-fusing, since it no longer refers to atactical grouping of two or more bat-talions (the British use a brigade ofthree or more battalions instead).Regiments continue to exist in name,however, because their histories andtraditions are considered to be ex-tremely valuable in promoting unitidentity and esprit de corps. Infantryregiments are essentially administra-tive groupings, and most currentlyconsist of only one battalion plus aregimental headquarters, which is re-sponsible for recruiting, career plan-ning and welfare. If a regiment doeshave more than one battalion, thesedo not normally serve together in thesame brigade. Battalion-sized group-ings of artillery, tanks and certainsupporting arms (such as engineers)are known as regiments for differenthistorical reasons. A British ar-moured brigade might consists of twoarmoured regiments and one ar-moured or mechanized infantry bat-talion or, alternatively, two infantrybattalions and one armoured regi-ment, plus artillery and supportingarms. On operations, these units arebroken down and combined into bat-tle groups. As an example, an ar-moured battle group might consist oftwo squadrons of tanks and one in-fantry company, which are organizedinto two squadron and companygroups and a company and squad-ron group under the command of thearmoured regimental HQ. The exactcomposition will vary according to thetactical requirement at the time. Inthe US Army, a battle group is knownas a task force, while company andsquadron groups and squadron andcompany groups are known as com-pany teams.

regimental

regimental /�red%|�ment(ə)l/ adjec-tive 1. relating to a regiment � regimen-

tal headquarters (RHQ) 2. (in certaincontexts only) relating to a specific in-fantry battalion 3. relating to servicewith a unit (as opposed to service on astaff or at a training establishment) � Heis an excellent regimental officer.regimental aid post

regimental aid post/�red%ment(ə)l �ed �pəυst/ noun abattalion casualty clearing-station,where casualties are assessed and givenemergency medical treatment, beforebeing evacuated to a dressing station.Abbr RAPregimental commander

regimental commander/�red%ment(ə)l kə|�mɑ�ndə/ noun theofficer in command of a regimentregimental lieutenant-colonel

regimental lieutenant-colonel/�red%ment(ə)l lef|�tenənt �k$�n(ə)l/noun an officer commanding a regi-mental headquarters (usually a colonel)regimental medical officer

regimental medical officer/�red%ment(ə)l �medk(ə)l �ɒfsə/noun a doctor attached to a battalion.Abbr RMOregimental officer

regimental officer /�red%ment(ə)l�ɒfsə/ noun an officer serving in a par-ticular regimentregimental police

regimental police /�red%ment(ə)lpə|�li�s/ noun a small group of NCOs as-signed to carry out police duties withina battalion or equivalent-sized group-ing. Abbr RPregimental quartermaster sergeant

regimental quartermaster ser-geant /�red%ment(ə)l �kwɔ�təmɑ�stə�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun a warrant officer whoassists the quartermaster of a battalionor equivalent-sized grouping. AbbrRQMSregimental sergeant major

regimental sergeant major/�red%ment(ə)l �sɑ�d%ənt �med%ə/noun the most senior warrant officer ina battalion, who assists the adjutant indisciplinary matters and the day-to-dayadministration of the battalion. AbbrRSMregimental signals officer

regimental signals officer/�red%ment(ə)l �s(n(ə)lz �ɒfsə/ nouna battalion officer responsible for com-munications. Abbr RSOregion

region /�ri�d%ən/ noun a large area ofland with well-defined boundaries ordistinctive features


register 202register

register /�red%stə/ noun 1. an officialrecord of information or data 2. a bookor document in which information ordata is recorded � verb 1. to record inwriting 2. (of artillery targets) to allo-cate a target with a target number, andthen calculate and record the firing data,which must be applied to the guns in or-der to to hit it � to register with fire toregister an artillery target and then fireat it in order to confirm that the firingdata is correct, making adjustments ifnecessaryregistration

registration /�red%|�streʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of registering somethingregistration number

registration number /�red%|

�streʃ(ə)n �n�mbə/, vehicle registra-tion noun a combination of numbersand letters, which is displayed on a ve-hicle as identificationregroup

regroup /ri� |�(ru�p/ verb to stop an ac-tivity or operation temporarily, in orderto reorganize � The battalion was or-dered to regroup south of the town.Regt

Regt abbreviation regimentregular

regular /�re(jυlə/ adjective 1. (of ac-tions) always happening at the sametime or on the same day � This is a reg-ular weekly inspection. 2. (of armedforces and servicemen) relating to afull-time professional force, with aproper organization and rank structureand regular training � noun a memberof the regular armed forces (as opposedto a reservist, territorial or guerrilla) �

We were attacked by a battalion of reg-ulars.regular soldier

regular soldier /�re(jυlə �səυld%ə/noun a person who makes a career ofsoldieringregulate

regulate /�re(jυ|�let/ verb to controlthe actions of a person or thingregulation

regulation /�re(jυ|�leʃ(ə)n/ noun anofficial directive, restriction or rulerehearsal

rehearsal /r|�h$�s(ə)l/ noun an act ofrehearsing � There will be a rehearsalat 1430hrs.rehearse

rehearse /r|�h$�s/ verb to practise car-rying out an operation or task, beforedoing it for real � The brigade re-hearsed the passage of lines in somefields outside the town.

reinforce

reinforce /�ri�n|�fɔ�s/ verb 1. to makesomething stronger 2. (of military forc-es) to send additional personnel andequipment to give assistance or to re-place casualties � Our right flank needsreinforcing.reinforcement

reinforcement /�ri�n|�fɔ�smənt/noun an act of reinforcing � Before re-inforcement, the brigade was down toapproximately 1,500 men. � plural nounreinforcements men or units sent to re-inforce another grouping � personnelreinforcements � The division was una-ble to send any reinforcements.reinforcements

reinforcements /�ri�n|�fɔ�smənts/plural noun men or units sent to rein-force another grouping � The divisionwas unable to send any reinforcements.rejoin

rejoin /ri� |�d%ɔn/ verb to return to aperson or grouping, after being awayfrom them � We were unable to rejoinour unit after the bridge was blown up.relay

relay /�ri�le/ noun an act of relaying aradio signal � We are setting up a relay.� verb 1. to receive a radio signal andthen transmit it on to another receiver,who is too far away to receive the orig-inal signal � The signal was relayed to 7Brigade HQ. � rebroadcast 2. to passon a message to another person � He re-ceived the message from HQ and imme-diately relayed it to the troops.release

release /r|�li�s/ noun an act of releas-ing � The aim of the operation is to se-cure the release of the hostages. � verb1. to let a prisoner go free � We capturedthe camp and released the prisoners. 2.to remove a control or restriction � Hewas released from duty to attend the fu-neral. � He released the safety catch onhis rifle. 3. to allow a substance to comeout � The missile released a chemicalagent over our position.release point

release point /r|�li�s pɔnt/ noun apoint on a route where sub-units leavetheir parent unit and continue independ-ently by different routesrelief

relief /r|�li�f/ noun 1. an act of provid-ing assistance or support 2. an act of de-stroying or driving off an enemy forcewhich has surrounded another friendlyforce or is besieging or investing a


203 repatriate

friendly town or city � He took part inthe relief of Mafeking. 3. an act of tak-ing over a duty or task from another per-son or unit � My relief is at 2000hrs.relief agency

relief agency /r |�li�f �ed%ənsi/ nouna civilian organization which providesassistance to victims of war or disasterrelief force

relief force /r|�li�f fɔ�s/ noun a mili-tary force which is sent to relieve anoth-er friendly unit or place which is sur-rounded by the enemyrelief-in-place

relief-in-place /r|�li�f n|�ples/ nounan act of taking over positions from an-other unit or groupingrelieve

relieve /r|�li�v/ verb 1. to provide as-sistance or support � We requested rein-forcements to relieve the pressure on thesmall garrison. 2. to destroy or drive offan enemy force, which has surroundedanother friendly force or is besieging orinvesting a friendly town or city � Aforce of marines was sent to relieve thetown. 3. to take over a duty or task fromanother person or unit � I’ll send some-one to relieve you at 2100hrs.religion

religion /r|�ld%ən/ noun a belief in agod, and the rituals which express thatbeliefreligious

religious /�rə |�ld%əs/ adjective relat-ing to religionreload

reload /ri�|�ləυd/ verb to load a weaponagain after firing � He was shot as hewas reloading.relocate

relocate /�ri�ləυ|�ket/ verb to move toa new location � We’ll have to relocatethe RAP. � The sniper always relocatesafter every shot.REME

REME /�ri�mi/ abbreviation RoyalElectrical and Mechanical Engineersremf

remf /remf/ noun a soldier who is notserving in the front line (and is thereforenot in any danger) (slang)remit

remit /�ri�mt/ noun instructions orguidelines or rules (usually in relationto a peacekeeping mission) � That sortof task is not part of my remit.remote

remote /r|�məυt/ adjective 1. distant2. isolated � The village is very remote.remote control

remote control /r|�məυt kən|�trəυl/noun a means by which a device or ma-chine can be operated from a distance

(e.g. command wire, radio signals) �

The bomb was detonated by remotecontrol. � self-controlremotely piloted vehicle

remotely piloted vehicle /r|�məυtli�palətd �vi�k(ə)l/ noun a small un-manned radio-controlled aircraft de-signed to carry surveillance equipment.Abbr RPV. Also called unmanned aer-ial vehicle (UAV), dronerendezvous

rendezvous /�rɒndevu�/ noun aplace where people have agreed to meetup with each other � The rendezvous isat grid 453213. � verb to meet up withother people at a rendezvous � We willrendezvous at grid 654776. � abbr (allsenses) RVreoccupy

reoccupy /ri�|�ɒkjυpa/ verb to occu-py again, after being away � The enemyhave reoccupied the village.reorg

reorg /r|�ɔ�(/ abbreviation 1. reorgani-zation 2. reorganizereorganization

reorganization /ri� |�ɔ�(əna|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, reorganisation noun 1. anact of reorganizing � The reorganiza-tion of the brigade has been completed.2. a phase following a successful as-sault, during which the assaultingtroops go firm, in order to redistributeammunition, deal with any casualties orprisoners, and reassess their situationbefore continuing their task � There willbe a resupply of ammunition during re-organization.reorganize

reorganize /ri�|�ɔ�(ənaz/, reorgan-ise verb 1. to organize in a differentway � The brigade has been reorgan-ized. 2. to carry out the reorganizationphase of an attack � The platoon will re-organize on the objective.reorientate

reorientate /ri|�ɔ�riəntet/ verb to stopand confirm your exact location and thedirection in which one should be head-ing, before continuing a journeyrepair

repair /r|�peə/ noun an act of repairing� The vehicle must be sent back for re-pair. � verb to mend something which isdamaged or defective � The vehicle isbeing repaired.repatriate

repatriate /ri�|�p�triet/ verb to returna prisoner to his own country � He wasrepatriated at the end of the war.


repeat 204repeat

repeat /r|�pi�t/ verb 1. to say some-thing again � He repeated the question.2. to do something again � He waswarned not to repeat his mistake. (NOTE:On the radio, repeat is only used whenyou want the artillery or mortars to re-peat a fire-mission. It is never usedwhen you want someone to repeat amessage. In that situation, say again isused instead.)repel

repel /r|�pel/ verb to fight and pushback � They repelled all attempts toboard their ship.replace

replace /r|�ples/ verb 1. to put some-thing back in its original position � Hereplaced the handset. 2. to obtain a newobject to take the place of one that hasbeen damaged or lost � We need to re-place the firing pin. 3. to take the placeor job of another person � I am replac-ing Major Knight. 4. to arrange forsomeone to take the place of anotherperson � We will have to replace Ser-geant Jones. 5. � to be replaced (in pas-sive) to be dismissed from a position orjob � The general is being replaced.replacement

replacement /r|�plesmənt/ noun aperson or thing which takes the place ofanother person or thingreplen

replen /�ri�plen/ abbreviation replen-ishmentreplenish

replenish /r|�plenʃ/ verb to providesomeone with fresh supplies (such asammunition, food and water, fuel, etc.)replenishment

replenishment /r|�plenʃmənt/ nounan act of providing fresh supplies (suchas ammunition, food and water, fuel,etc.)report

report /r|�pɔ�t/ noun 1. verbal or writ-ten information, which is given or sentto another person 2. a disciplinary ac-tion � I am putting you in the report. �

verb 1. to give or send information toanother person � B Company report en-emy recce to the east of Karlsbad. 2. totake disciplinary action against some-one � I am reporting you for this of-fence. 3. to show that you are officiallypresent � He reported for duty threedays late. � to report to a place to ar-rive officially at a place � New recruitsare asked to report to the training camp.

report line

report line /r|�pɔ�t lan/ noun a real orimaginary line on the ground, with acode word which units use when theycross, so that a commander can monitortheir progressreprisal

reprisal /r|�praz(ə)l/ noun a severepunitive action (usually intended as adeterrent) � Ten villagers were shot as areprisal for the attack on the convoy.Republican Guard

Republican Guard /r|�p�blkən�(ɑ�d/ noun elite troops in some armies;French ceremonial troopsrepulse

repulse /r|�p�ls/ verb to beat off an at-tack � All enemy attacks were repulsedwith considerable losses on both sides.request

request /r|�kwest/ noun an act of ask-ing for someone or something � Haveyou received my ammunition request? �verb to ask for something � ‘Hello 2,this is 22, request immediate assistance,over.’required capability

required capability /r|�kwaəd�kepə|�blti/ noun the resources thatare necessary to do what is requiredre-route

re-route /�ri� �ru�t/ verb to makesomeone travel by a different route �

The convoy was re-routed because ofthe chemical attack.rescue

rescue /�reskju�/ noun an act of sav-ing someone � verb 1. to save someonefrom a dangerous situation � We used ahelicopter to rescue the sailors. 2. tofree someone from captivity � All theprisoners of war have been rescued. �

The hostages were rescued by the SAS.research and development

research and development /r|

�s$�tʃ ən d|�veləpmənt/ noun full formof R & Dreserve

reserve /r|�z$�v/ noun 1. units or sub-units which are held back from an en-gagement, so that they can be used toreinforce or support any unit which getsinto difficulties � The general was un-willing to use his reserves. � in reserveacting as a reserve � 6 Platoon will be inreserve for Phase 1. 2. � the Reservemanpower (usually consisting of ex-servicemen) which can be used to sup-plement the regular forces in times ofwar or national emergency � On leavingthe armed forces, a serviceman is liablefor a further seven years in the Reserve.


205 restriction of privileges

� plural noun reserves spare manpow-er or equipmentreservist

reservist /r|�z$�vst/ noun a person(usually an ex-serviceman) who is lia-ble for service with the Reserve, in theevent of war or national emergency �

All reservists must report to their near-est police station.reservoir

reservoir /�rezəvwɑ�/ noun a naturalor man-made lake, used as a supply ofwaterresidual force

residual force /r|�zdjυəl �fɔ�s/ nouna small security force which remains ina war zone after hostilities have endedand the main force has withdrawnresidual nuclear radiation

residual nuclear radiation /r |

�zdjuəl �nju�kliə �redi|�eʃ(ə)n/ nounthe harmful rays of energy given off byradioactive substances left after a nucle-ar explosionresist

resist /r|�zst/ verb 1. to fight againstsomething � We were surprised that thegarrison resisted so strongly. � Thesnipers resisted all our attempts to dis-lodge them. 2. to oppose something �

The Army is resisting the new propos-als.resistance

resistance /r|�zstəns/ noun 1. an actof resisting � The enemy is putting uplittle resistance. 2. also resistancemovement a secret organization whichopposes (often with armed force) theestablished government or an occupy-ing power � The Resistance attacked therailway lines.resource

resource /r|�zɔ�s/ noun anythingwhich is available for use (such as am-munition, equipment, manpower, etc.) �The guerrillas have enough resourcesto cause considerable damage. � verb toallocate resources � He is responsiblefor resourcing within the Corps.respirator

respirator /�respəretə/ noun a pro-tective face-covering containing an ap-paratus to filter air, which is used to pro-tect a person from chemical agents andradioactive contamination. � gas maskrespond

respond /r |�spɒnd/ verb 1. to answeror reply � He did not respond to the ac-cusation. 2. to take action as a result ofan incident or situation � They respond-ed by shooting the hostages.

response

response /r|�spɒns/ noun 1. an act ofresponding � There has been no re-sponse to our demands. 2. a means ormethod of respondingresponsibility

responsibility /r|�spɒns|�blti/noun 1. an obligation or duty � One ofmy responsibilities is the security of theammunition compound. � tactical areaof responsibility 2. a person or thingfor which one is responsible � Thesemen are my responsibility. 3. sensiblebehaviour � You should show more re-sponsibility.responsible

responsible /r|�spɒnsb(ə)l/ adjec-tive 1. having an obligation or duty to dosomething � You are responsible formaintaining these vehicles. 2. behavingin a sensible manner � You should bemore responsible.rest and recuperation

rest and recuperation /�rest ən r |

�ku�pə|�reʃ(ə)n/ noun full form of R &Rrestrict

restrict /r|�strkt/ verb to put a limiton something � Access to the trainingground is restricted to certain person-nel only.restricted

restricted /r |�strktd/ adjective low-est security classification for informa-tion or documents; relating to materialwhich is restricted to members of thearmed forces and may not be passed onto the media or general public

COMMENT: Information is classifiedaccording to its importance, eg: re-stricted, confidential, secret, top se-cret, etc.

restriction

restriction /r|�strkʃən/ noun 1. anact of restricting � Gangrene can becaused by a restriction of the blood sup-ply. � The new restrictions mean thatthere will be less ammunition for train-ing. � All restrictions on movement havebeen lifted. 2. something which affectsor limits a person’s choice of action �

Restrictions in time and space left uswith no alternative but to mount a fron-tal assault.restriction of privileges

restriction of privileges /r|

�strkʃən əv �prvld%z/ noun a mili-tary punishment where a serviceman isrequired to parade at certain times of theday in a specified order of dress


restrictive control 206restrictive control

restrictive control /r|�strktv kən|

�trəυl/ noun a doctrine of command andcontrol which relies upon detailed plan-ning and strict obedience to precise or-ders. Compare directive commandresupply

resupply /�ri�s� |�pla/ noun an act ofproviding fresh supplies (such as am-munition, food and water, fuel, etc.) �

There will be a resupply of ammunitionat 1800hrs. � verb to supply somethingagain � They resupplied the garrisonwith water.retake

retake /ri�|�tek/ verb to capture a posi-tion or location which has been cap-tured by the enemy � B Company haveretaken the hill.retaliate

retaliate /r|�t�liet/ verb to take ac-tion in response to an attack, insult orprovocation � The soldiers have beenordered not to retaliate if they are in-sulted by the local population.retaliation

retaliation /r|�t�li|�eʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of retaliating � There has been no re-taliation to the air strikes. � They killedthree villagers in retaliation for themurder of the general.retaliatory

retaliatory /r|�t�ljətər/ adjectivemade in retaliation to an act or incident� NATO has authorized retaliatory airstrikes.retire

retire /r|�taə/ verb 1. to move awayfrom the enemy � We retired to our ownlines. 2. to move back towards your ownforces or territory � The enemy have re-tired. � retreat, withdrawretreat

retreat /r|�tri�t/ noun 1. an act of re-treating � The enemy forces are in re-treat. � The retreat from Moscow wasaccompanied by huge losses. 2. (re-treat) a ceremony to signify the close ofthe working day in barracks (usuallyaround 1800hrs), when the flags arelowered � beating the retreat ceremo-nial parade of music and marching,which is held in the evening � verb 1. tomove away from the enemy � We had toretreat when B Company’s position wasoverrun. 2. to move back towards yourown forces or territory � The enemy areretreating. � retire, withdraw

COMMENT: The word retreat is nor-mally used when one is forced tomove back (for example because

one has been defeated or your posi-tion has become untenable), where-as retire or withdraw imply rearwardmovement as part of a planned ma-noeuvre or in order to occupy a betterposition. Consequently, retire orwithdraw are sometimes used in-stead of retreat because they soundmore positiveCOMMENT: if you are visiting a Brit-ish barracks and you hear ‘Retreat’being blown on the bugle, it is goodmanners to stop what you are doingand stand still until the call has fin-ished.

return

return /r|�t$�n/ verb 1. to come back �

The patrol has returned. � All planes re-turned safely to base. 2. to give some-thing back � He returned the equip-ment. � to return fire to shoot back,when shot atreturned to unit

returned to unit /r |�t$�nd tu��ju�nt/ verb full form of RTUreveille

reveille /r|�v�li/ noun a time at whichtroops are woken up � Reveille at0600hrs.reverse

reverse /r|�v$�s/ verb to drive back-wards � The tank reversed into a barn.� noun a failure or misfortune � Afterseveral reverses, the enemy withdrew. �

adjective oppositereverse slope

reverse slope /r|�v$�s �sləυp/ nounthe far side of a hill, which is in deadground to the enemy � The Duke of Wel-lington always preferred a reverse slopeposition.revet

revet /r|�vet/ verb to strengthen thesides of a trench or other fortification,using corrugated iron, wood or othermaterial � Pickets are used in the revet-ting of trenches and other fortifications.(NOTE: revetting – revetted)review

review /r|�vju�/ noun a large-scale pa-rade and inspection of troops � He is at-tending a review. � verb to inspect alarge number of troops, etc., on parade� The Queen came to review the fleet.revolt

revolt /r|�vəυlt/ noun armed resistanceto the established government or to thearmy command � The revolt has spreadto the neighbouring provinces. � verb tooppose the established governmentwith armed force � We expect members


207 rise

of the former president’s bodyguard torevolt against military rule.revolution

revolution /�revə|�lu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun anoverthrow of a government or social or-der by the use of forcerevolutionary

revolutionary /�revə |�lu�ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/adjective relating to a revolution � nouna person who takes an active role in arevolution � Most of the leading revolu-tionaries have been arrested.Revolutionary Guard

Revolutionary Guard/�revəlu�ʃ(ə)n(ə)ri �(ɑ�d/ noun elitetroops in some communist armiesrevolver

revolver /r|�vɒlvə/ noun a hand-heldgun, with a chamber which turns whena shot is fired, so that a fresh cartridge isready for firing � He used his revolverto kill the civilian.RF-4C

RF-4C /ɑ� �ef fɔ� �si�/ noun a recon-naissance version of the F-4 PhantomR Gp

R Gp abbreviation R GroupR Group

R Group /�ɑ� �(ru�p/ noun a smallgroup (usually consisting of a com-mander and his subordinate command-ers), which carries out a reconnaissancebefore planning an operation or task.Full form recce groupRHA

RHA abbreviation rolled homogeneousarmourRHQ

RHQ abbreviation regimental head-quartersricochet

ricochet /�rkəʃe/ noun a projectile(especially a bullet) which bounces offa surface � He was hit by a ricochet. �

verb (of projectiles, especially bullets)to hit the ground or some other hard ob-ject and bounce off (often in a differentdirection to the original line of flight) �

The bullet ricocheted around the room.(NOTE: The past form is pronounced/�rkəʃed/.)ride

ride /rad/ noun a wide path cutthrough a wood or forest � We came un-der fire as we were crossing a ride. �

verb 1. to travel on a horse or motorcy-cle � The general rode into the defeatedcity on a white horse. 2. to travel, sittingon the top of a vehicle � The infantrywere riding on tanks. (NOTE: riding –rode – has ridden)

ridge

ridge /rd%/ noun a long narrow line ofhigh ground, formed where two slopesmeet each other � After several hours ofhand-to-hand fighting we took theridge.rifle

rifle /�raf(ə)l/ noun a hand-held fire-arm with a long rifled barrel and a butt,which is placed against the shoulder forfiring � verb to cut spiral grooves in thebarrel of a gun or artillery piece, in or-der to make the projectile spin duringflight � The barrel is carefully rifled.rifle company

rifle company /�raf(ə)l �k�mp(ə)ni/noun a normal company in an infantrybattalion, as opposed to support compa-nyrifle grenade

rifle grenade /�raf(ə)l (r|�ned/noun a grenade designed to be firedfrom the muzzle of a riflerifleman

rifleman /�raf(ə)lmən/ noun an infan-try soldier armed with a rifle (NOTE: Theplural form is riflemen.)

COMMENT: Most modern riflemen car-ry assault weapons.

rifling

rifling /�raflŋ/ noun spiral grooves,cut into the barrel of a gun or artillerypiece in order to make the projectilespin during flightright-flanking

right-flanking /�rat �fl�ŋkŋ/ adjec-tive relating to an attack on the rightflank of an enemy positionring of steel

ring of steel /�rŋ əv �sti�l/ noun atactical manoeuvre in which tanks, hav-ing fought their way through an objec-tive, then form a protective screenaround the flanks and far side so thatdismounted infantry can clear all thetrenches and bunkers on the objectiveriot

riot /�raət/ noun a violent public dis-turbance � There have been riots in allthe major cities. � verb to take part in ariot � The inhabitants rioted when thepolice arrested the editor of the localnewspaper.rioter

rioter /�raətə/ noun a person whotakes part in a riot � Three of the rioterswere shot dead.rip-cord

rip-cord /�rp kɔ�d/ noun a devicewhich is pulled by hand in order to opena parachuterise

rise /raz/ noun high ground � The en-emy position is just over the next rise.


r is k 208risk

risk /rsk/ noun the danger or the pos-sibility of a bad resultriver

river /�rvə/ noun a body of fresh wa-ter, which flows along a natural channeltowards a sea or lakeRLC

RLC noun the unit of the British Armyresponsible for logistics. Full formRoyal Logistic CorpsRLG

RLG abbreviation rocket-launched gre-nadeRM

RM abbreviation Royal MarinesRMO

RMO abbreviation regimental medicalofficerRN

RN abbreviation Royal Navyroad

road /rəυd/ noun a way with a pre-pared surface, designed for use by vehi-cles � Only one road was suitable fortanks. � There are very few roads in theregion.roadblock

roadblock /�rəυdblɒk/ noun 1. an ob-struction set up by troops or police inorder to control the movement of vehi-cles � We set up a roadblock on the edgeof the town. 2. the troops or police man-ning a roadblock � The roadblock wasattacked during the night.rock

rock /rɒk/ noun 1. a hard mineral sub-stance, forming part of the earth’s sur-face � The sappers were digging intothe rock under the castle walls. 2. apiece of rock � Rocks had rolled downthe hillside and blocked the road.rocket

rocket /�rɒkt/ noun a projectile whichcontains its own propellant

COMMENT: The term rocket usuallyrefers to a direct-fire or indirect-fireweapon, whereas a missile is nor-mally equipped with its own guidancesystem, which controls its flight ontothe target.

rocket-booster

rocket-booster /�rɒkt �bu�stə/ nounan additional charge of propellant fittedto an artillery shell, which detonates inmid-air and increases its rangerocket-launched grenade

rocket-launched grenade /�rɒkt�lɔ�ntʃd (r|�ned/ noun a grenadewhich has been launched from a rocket.Abbr RLGrocket launcher

rocket launcher /�rɒkt �lɔ�ntʃə/noun an apparatus or vehicle fromwhich a rocket is fired

rocky

rocky /�rɒki/ adjective (of terrain) con-sisting mainly of rockROE

ROE abbreviation rules of engagementroger

roger /�rɒd%ə/ adverb (radio terminol-ogy) 1. that is correct � ‘Hullo 22, this is2, confirm that you are at the RV, over.’– ‘2, roger, out.’ 2. I have understoodyour instructions � ‘Hullo 22, this is 2,move now, over.’ – ‘2, roger, out.’ � af-firmative, copyRoland

Roland /�rəυlənd/ noun a French/Ger-man-designed short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM)role

role /rəυl/ noun the function or pur-pose for which a person or thing is used� The role of an anti-tank platoon is thedestruction of enemy armour.role specialization

role specialization /� rəυl �speʃəla |

�zeʃ(ə)n/ noun a situation where onenation is responsible for supplying onetype of equipment or personnel for amultinational force. � multirolerolled homogeneous armour

rolled homogeneous armour/�rəυld �hɒməd%i�niəs �ɑ�mə/ noun ar-mour composed of a single substance(such as steel alloy), which has beenrolled to a uniform thickness. AbbrRHA (NOTE: Homogeneous is oftenwritten incorrectly as homogenous,pronounced /hə|�mɒd%ənəs]|�/ which isactually a biological term describing or-ganisms which are similar becausethey share a common ancestry. The er-ror is so common that many dictionar-ies now treat the two words as inter-changeable.)roll up

roll up /�rəυl ��p/ verb to assaultthrough an enemy position sideways,destroying or capturing it trench bytrench � Once we had gained a footholdon the position, we were able to roll itup from the right.ROM

ROM /rɒm/ abbreviation refuelling onthe moveRoman Catholic Church

Roman Catholic Church /�rəυmən�k�θlk �ʃ$�tʃ/ noun an original west-ern European form of Christianity.Compare Orthodox Church, Protes-tant ChurchRomeo

Romeo /�rəυmiəυ/ noun the eight-eenth letter of the phonetic alphabet(Rr)


209 Royal Navyromer

romer /�rəυmə/ noun a simple mathe-matical instrument for calculating accu-rate grid references from a map, con-sisting of a piece of clear plastic printedwith a grid which subdivides a gridsquare into ten northings and ten east-ings � I need a romer for a 1:20,000map.

COMMENT: Military protractors areusually printed with romers for themost common scales of map (i.e.1:50,000 and 1:25,000).

rookie

rookie /�rυki/ noun a recruit (slang)rope

rope /rəυp/ noun a thick line of twistedfibres, normally used for pulling or sus-pending heavy objectsrotary-wing aircraft

rotary-wing aircraft /�rəυtəri|� wŋ�eəkrɑ�ft/ noun a helicopterrotate

rotate /rəυ|�tet/ verb 1. to revolvearound an axis � The rotor was not ro-tating properly. 2. to complete one tourof duty and move on to the next one � Iam rotating back to the States nextmonth.rotor

rotor /�rəυtə/ noun a set of horizontal-ly rotating blades, which gives a heli-copter its upward liftround

round /raυnd/ noun one projectile plusthe propellant required to fire it � We re-quire 2,000 rounds of 5.56mm ball. �

Ten rounds HE, fire for effect!roundel

roundel /�raυnd(ə)l/ noun a circularidentification mark painted on aircraft(usually denoting nationality) � Britishaircraft usually have roundels of redand blue.rout

rout /raυt/ noun a retreat following adefeat, where command and control hascompletely broken down � What wasintended to be an orderly retreat turnedinto a rout. � verb to force the enemyinto a rout � The invaders were routed.route

route /ru�t/ noun the way from one lo-cation to another � the route into/out ofthe town � The companies moved to theFUP by different routes.route card

route card /�ru�t kɑ�d/ noun a cardshowing the different stages of a jour-ney, with locations, distances, bearingsand other information

route march

route march /�ru�t mɑ�tʃ/ noun along-distance march, designed to im-prove or maintain physical fitnessroutine

routine /ru�|�ti�n/ adjective normal,which happens all the time � This is aroutine inspection. � noun a regularprogramme of tasks or duties � That isnot part of our routine.routing

routing /�ru�tŋ/ noun the work offinding the best route to send people,vehicles or goods from one place to an-otherroyal

royal /�rɔəl/ adjective in the service ofa king or queenRoyal Air Force

Royal Air Force /�rɔəl �eə �fɔ�s/noun the British air force. Abbr RAFRoyal Armoured Corps

Royal Armoured Corps /�rɔəl�ɑ�məd �kɔ�/ noun the tank regiments ofthe British Army. Abbr RACRoyal Army Medical Corps

Royal Army Medical Corps /�rɔəl�ɑ�mi �medk(ə)l �kɔ�/ noun full formof RAMCRoyal Artillery

Royal Artillery /�rɔəl ɑ�|�tləri/ nounartillery of the British Army. Abbr RARoyal British Legion

Royal British Legion /�rɔəl �brtʃ/noun a group which protects the inter-ests of British ex-servicemenRoyal Corps of Signals

Royal Corps of Signals /�rɔəl kɔ�əv �s(nəlz/ noun British troops whospecialize in communicationsRoyal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers

Royal Electrical and MechanicalEngineers /�rɔəl |�lektrk(ə)l ən m|

�k�nk(ə)l �end%nəz/ noun a vehiclemechanics of the British Army. AbbrREMERoyal Engineers

Royal Engineers /�rɔəl �end%|

�nəz/ plural noun engineers of the Brit-ish Army. Abbr RE. Also called Sap-persRoyal Logistic Corps

Royal Logistic Corps /�rɔəl lə |

�d%stk �kɔ�/ noun full form of RLCRoyal Marines

Royal Marines /�rɔəl mə |�ri�nz/ plu-ral noun British marines. Abbr RMRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst

Royal Military Academy Sand-hurst /�rɔəl �mlt(ə)ri ə |�k�dəmi�s�ndh$�st/ noun full form of Sand-hurstRoyal Navy

Royal Navy /�rɔəl �nevi/ noun theBritish navy. Abbr RN


Royal Warrant 210Royal Warrant

Royal Warrant /�rɔəl �wɒrənt/ nounan authority by which a warrant officerholds a rank in the armed forcesRP

RP abbreviation regimental policeRPG-7

RPG-7 /�ɑ� pi� d%i� �sevən/ noun a So-viet-designed hand-held anti-tank rock-etRPK

RPK /�ɑ� pi� �ke/ noun a Soviet-de-signed light machine-gun (LMG),based on the AK-47 assault weaponRPV

RPV abbreviation remotely piloted ve-hicleRQMS

RQMS abbreviation regimental quar-termaster sergeantRRF

RRF abbreviation rapid reaction forceRSM

RSM abbreviation regimental sergeantmajorRSO

RSO abbreviation regimental signalsofficerRTU

RTU /�ɑ� ti� �ju�/ verb to remove a per-son from a training course prematurely,usually as a result of injury or failure ormisdemeanour � He’s been RTU’d. Fullform returned to unitrubber bullet

rubber bullet /�r�bə �bυlt/ noun alarge projectile made of plastic or rub-ber which is fired from a special gunand is designed to knock a person overbut not to cause a serious injury. Alsocalled plastic bullet, baton roundrubble

rubble /�r�b(ə)l/ noun fragments fromdamaged or destroyed buildings � Thestreets are blocked with rubble.rucksack

rucksack /�r�ks�k/ noun a large fab-ric container, designed to be carried ona person’s back. � bergen, packrudder

rudder /�r�də/ noun 1. a vertical bladeat the stern of a boat or ship which isused for steering 2. a vertical bladehinged to the tail of an aircraft, which isused for steeringruffles and flourishes

ruffles and flourishes /�r�f(ə)lz ən�fl�rʃz/ plural noun drumbeats or anintroductory passage played before aceremonial piece of music such as a na-tional anthemrules of engagement

rules of engagement /�ru�lz əv n|

�(ed%mənt/ plural noun a set of rulesgoverning the firing of weapons and useof force by soldiers (usually in a peace-

keeping or counter-insurgency role).Abbr ROErun

run /r�n/ verb 1. to move quickly onfoot � He ran to the latrine. 2. to man-age something � He is running the mor-tar course. (NOTE: running – ran –have run)runner

runner /�r�nə/ noun a soldier used todeliver verbal messages � A runnercame up with a message from the gener-al.runway

runway /�r�nwe/ noun a preparedsurface used by aircraft for take-off andlanding � The runway has been cap-tured by the enemy. � This runway if tooshort for transport aircraft.runway lights

runway lights /�r�nwe lats/ pluralnoun lights arranged along the sides ofa runway or across it, to indicate whereit isRupert

Rupert /�ru�pət/ noun an officer (sol-diers’ slang) � He got busted for hittinga Rupert.rural

rural /�rυərəl/ adjective relating to thecountryside (as opposed to towns andcities). Compare urbanruse

ruse /ru�z/ noun an act of deception �

The enemy withdrawal was just a ruse.rush

rush /r�ʃ/ noun a sudden assault � Thelast enemy rush overran 6 Platoon’strenches. � verb 1. to move suddenlyand quickly towards something � Theyrushed towards the vehicles. 2. to makea sudden assault � The enemy tried torush our positions.rust

rust /r�st/ noun a harmful brown dis-colouration to iron or steel, caused byexposure to damp air or water � There isrust on your weapon. � verb to be af-fected by rust � Your weapon will rust ifyou don’t oil it. � Rusting equipment lit-tered the courtyard of the former com-mand HQ.rusty

rusty /�r�sti/ adjective affected by rust� Look at that gun – it’s rusty. � Theroad through the desert was lined withrusty tanks.rut

rut /r�t/ noun a deep mark made bywheels passing over damp ground � Thelorry got stuck in a deep rut.


211 RWRrutted

rutted /�r�td/ adjective (of ground,especially roads and tracks) affected byruts � The track is badly rutted.RV

RV /�ɑ� �vi�/ noun 1. rendezvous � TheRV is at grid 453213. 2. a re-entry vehi-cle � The missile is fitted with three nu-

clear RVs. � verb to meet at a rendez-vous � We will RV at grid 453213.RWR

RWR /�ɑ� d�b(ə)lju� �ɑ�, rɔ�/ noun adevice which warns a pilot that his air-craft is being hit by a radar beam. Fullform radar warning receiver


SIERRA - SsS-3

S-3 /�es �θri�/ noun an American-de-signed sea-strike aircraft. Also calledVikingSA-

SA- /�es �e/ abbreviation NATO prefixgiven to Soviet-designed surface-to-airmissiles (SAM)SA-1

SA-1 noun a Guild surface-to-air mis-sileSA-2

SA-2 noun a Guideline surface-to-airmissileSA-3

SA-3 noun a Goa surface-to-air missileSA-4

SA-4 noun a Ganef surface-to-air mis-sileSA-5

SA-5 noun a Gammon surface-to-airmissileSA-6

SA-6 noun a Gainful surface-to-airmissileSA-7

SA-7 noun a Grail surface-to-air mis-sileSA-8

SA-8 noun a Gecko surface-to-air mis-sileSA-9

SA-9 noun a Gaskin surface-to-air mis-sileSA-10

SA-10 noun a Grumble surface-to-airmissileSA-13

SA-13 noun a Gopher surface-to-airmissileSA-14

SA-14 noun a Gremlin surface-to-airmissileSA-16

SA-16 noun a Gimlet surface-to-airmissileSA-80

SA-80 /�es �e �eti/ noun a British-de-signed 5.56mm assault rifle (NOTE: Theplural form is SA-80s /�es �e �etiz/.)SAA

SAA abbreviation 1. small arms am-munition 2. skill at armsSaab-35

Saab-35 /�sɑ�b θ$�ti|�fav/ noun aSwedish-designed multirole fighter air-craft. Also called Draken

Saab-37

Saab-37 /�sɑ�b θ$�ti|�sevən/ noun aSwedish-designed fighter aircraft,which is also suitable for ground attack.Also called ViggenSaab-39

Saab-39 /�sɑ�b θ$�ti|�nan/ noun aSwedish-designed multirole fighter air-craft. Also called Gripensaber

saber /�sebə/ noun US spelling of sa-bresabkha

sabkha /�s�bkə/, sabqua noun thefirm crust on the surface of a dried-uplake bed, underneath which is soft mud(Arabic) � We got stuck in sabkha.

COMMENT: Sabkha is a serious haz-ard in the desert, because the outermargins are usually strong enough tosupport the weight of a vehicle, thusallowing it to get bogged down out inthe middle of the lake bed from whereit is extremely difficult to recover. Ittherefore provides a useful naturalobstacle for the tactician. Gooddesert maps will show known areasof sabkha.

sabot

sabot /�s�bəυ/ noun 1. a metal collaror sleeve, which is fitted to a long-rodpenetrator in order to give it stabilityand extra kinetic energy as it travels upthe barrel of the gun, and which is de-signed to fall away, once the projectilehas left the muzzle of the weapon 2. anytype of tank ammunition which consistsof a long-rod penetrator and a discard-ing-sabot � Load with sabot! � armour-piercing discarding-sabot, armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabotsabotage

sabotage /�s�bətɑ�%/ noun an act ofdamaging or destroying an enemy in-stallation or piece of equipment, so thatit cannot be used � verb to carry out anact of sabotage � Protesters tried to sab-otage the missile installation.


213 salutesaboteur

saboteur /�s�bə|�t$�/ noun a personwho carries out an act of sabotagesabqua

sabqua /�s�bkə/ noun another spell-ing of sabkhasabre

sabre /�sebə/ noun a heavy curvedsword, traditionally used by cavalrymensabre-rattling

sabre-rattling /�sebə �r�t(ə)lŋ/noun an increase in military activityduring a period of international tension(deployment of troops on a border, re-call of reservists, etc.) (informal ) � Aftera period of sabre-rattling by both sides,the situation was resolved by the UnitedNations.sabre squadron

sabre squadron /�sebə �skwɒdrən/noun a squadron of tanksSACEUR

SACEUR /�s�k$�/ noun the most sen-ior NATO commander in Europe, one ofthe two MNCs. Full form Supreme Al-lied Commander EuropeSACLANT

SACLANT /�s�kl�nt/ noun the mostsenior NATO commander in the Atlan-tic, one of the two MNCs. Full form Su-preme Allied Commander AtlanticSACLOS

SACLOS /�s�klɒs/ noun a missileguidance system, which relies upon theoperator continuing to track the targetafter launching until the missile actuallyhits it. Full form semi-automatic com-mand line of sightsacrifice

sacrifice /�s�krfas/ verb to acceptthe loss of one or more of your group-ings in order to avoid greater loss else-where � 5 Brigade was deliberatelysacrificed so that the rest of the corpscould withdraw.saddle

saddle /�s�d(ə)l/ noun a ridge joiningthe tops of two hills � The enemyopened fire as we were moving acrossthe saddle.safe

safe /sef/ adjective 1. free from dan-ger � You are safe now. 2. (of weapons)loaded, but not cocked and with noround in the breech � made safe with aloaded magazine fitted, but the weaponis not cocked and there is no round inthe breech � on safe with the safetycatch applied 3. (of explosive devices)not armed � The bomb is now safe. �

noun a strong container fitted with alock, which is used to store secret docu-ments, money, valuable property, etc.

safe haven

safe haven /�sef �hev(ə)n/ noun apeacekeeping term for a secure area inwhich members of an ethnic or sectari-an minority can seek safety from thehostility of the main populationsafe lane

safe lane /�sef len/ noun a route orpath which enables people or vehiclesto pass safely through a minefieldsafety

safety /�sefti/ noun a state of beingsafesafety catch

safety catch /�sefti k�tʃ/ noun amechanism which prevents a weaponfrom being firedSagger

Sagger /�s�(ə/ noun a Soviet-de-signed wire-guided anti-tank missile(ATGW)sail

sail /sel/ verb to travel by ship � TheGerman fleet sailed along the EnglishChannel.sailor

sailor /�selə/ noun 1. a member of aship’s crew � Sailors from the aircraftcarrier came ashore. 2. a person serv-ing in the navy (especially one who isnot an officer) � Fights broke out whena group of soldiers went into a sailors’bar.salient

salient /�seliənt/ noun part of an ar-my’s front line, which sticks out at anangle towards the enemy’s front line

COMMENT: A salient usually occurs inone of two ways: either when an at-tack has largely failed but a small partof the attacking force has managedto capture ground, or when an attackhas largely succeeded but a smallpart of the defending force has man-aged to hold its positions. Either way,the troops occupying the salient areparticularly vulnerable, because theycan be attacked on two sides by theenemy

Salmonella

Salmonella /�s�lmə|�nelə/ noun agroup of bacteria which cause food poi-soning and typhoid fever

COMMENT: Certain nations are knownto have developed Salmonella bacte-ria for use as a biological weapon.

salute

salute /sə|�lu�t/ noun a military greet-ing made between officers and otherranks, which is carried out by raisingthe right hand to the peak of the cap � totake the salute to salute and be salutedby marching troops on parade � verb to


SALUTE 214

carry out a salute � Ordinary ranks mustsalute officers.

COMMENT: The British naval salutehas the hand more or less flat andhorizontal, and is similar to the Amer-ican style of saluting. The Britisharmy and air force salute has thehand flat, but with the palm facingoutwards.

SALUTE

SALUTE /sə |�lu�t/ noun a word used tohelp soldiers remember the importantthings to note when observing a situa-tion (Size, Activity, Location, Unit,Time, Equipment)saluting base

saluting base /sə |�lu�tŋ �bes/ nouna small wooden stand for the officer orimportant person taking the salute at amilitary paradesalvo

salvo /�s�lvəυ/ noun 1. the firing ofseveral large-calibre guns at the sametime (especially at sea) 2. the firing ofseveral rockets at the same timeSAM

SAM /s�m/ abbreviation surface-to-airmissileSam Browne

Sam Browne /�s�m �braυn/ noun aleather belt with a diagonal shoulderstrap, traditionally worn by army offic-erssand

sand /s�nd/ noun a substance consist-ing of tiny grains of rock, which coversthe ground on beaches and in desertssandbag

sandbag /�s�ndb�(/ noun a smallhessian sack, designed to be filled withsand or soil, and used in the construc-tion of fortificationssandbank

sandbank /�s�ndb�ŋk/ noun a de-posit of sand, found in shallow water inrivers, estuaries and the seaSandhurst

Sandhurst /�s�ndh$�st/ noun a Brit-ish army officer training establishment� He passed out of Sandhurst in 1980.Full form Royal Military AcademySandhurstsangar

sangar /�s�ŋ(ə/ noun 1. a field forti-fication, constructed by building a cir-cular wall of rocks or sandbags, whenthe ground is too hard or too wet to digtrenches 2. a reinforced position for asentry, constructed on the perimeter ofan army base or installationsanitation

sanitation /�s�n|�teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.the practice of keeping yourself and

your surroundings clean, in order toprevent disease � Sanitation is extreme-ly important in refugee camps. 2. wash-ing and toilet facilities. � hygienesanitize

sanitize /�s�ntaz/, sanitise verb 1.to disinfect something 2. to destroy orneutralize enemy positions � Once thetanks have sanitized the objective, theyform a ring of steel on the far side.sapper

sapper /�s�pə/ noun (traditional) 1. anengineer 2. the title of the lowest rank inthe Royal Engineers � Sapper WilliamsSAR

SAR abbreviation search and rescueSaracen

Saracen /�s�rəsən/ noun a British-made wheeled armoured personnel car-rier (APC)Sarin

Sarin /�sɑ�rn/ noun � GBSAS

SAS /�es �e �es/ noun an elite BritishArmy special forces organization. Fullform Special Air Servicesatellite

satellite /�s�təlat/ noun an un-manned spacecraft, which is positionedin the earth’s orbit and is designed tocarry communications, surveillance orother electronic equipmentsatellite photograph

satellite photograph /�s�təlat�fəυtə(rɑ�f/ noun a picture of an areaof ground, taken from a satelliteSATNAV

SATNAV /�s�tn�v/ abbreviation sat-ellite navigationsavannah

savannah /sə|�v�nə/ noun a wide lev-el area of grassland with few trees (intropical regions)save

save /sev/ verb 1. to rescue a personfrom danger � The helicopter managedto save the crew of the ship. 2. to rescuea person from captivity � The hostageswere saved by the SAS. 3. to avoid waste� Save your ammunition. 4. to keepsomething for future use � We are sav-ing most of our mortar rounds for themain assault.SAW

SAW /sɔ�/ abbreviation Squad Auto-matic Weapon. � M-249Saxon

Saxon /�s�ksən/ noun a British-de-signed wheeled armoured personnelcarrier (APC)say again

say again /�se ə|�(en/ verb to repeat amessage (radio terminology) � ‘Hello 2,this is 22. Say again last message. Over.’(NOTE: On the radio, repeat is only used


215 scrub

when you want the artillery or mortarsto repeat a fire-mission. It is never usedwhen you want someone to repeat amessage.)SBS

SBS /�es �bi� �es/ noun an elite Britishspecial forces organization, recruitedfrom the Royal Navy and Royal Ma-rines. Full form Special Boat Servicescale

scale /skel/ noun 1. the ratio of sizebetween a map and the area of groundwhich it represents � Most militarymaps have a scale of 1:50,000. 2. a dia-gram representing distance, which isusually found on the key of a map �

Look at the scale to work out how farthe village is from here. 3. a quantity ofammunition, equipment or weapons,which are allocated to a unit or group-ing � Special forces have larger scalesof ammunition than normal units. � Thenew ammunition scale is 200 roundsper gun.Scarab

Scarab /�sk�r�b/ noun a Soviet-de-signed tactical surface-to-surface mis-silescarper

scarper /�skɑ�pə/ verb to run away(slang) � The enemy have scarpered.scatter

scatter /�sk�tə/ verb 1. to throw ordrop objects over a wide area � Theseshells are designed to scatter leafletsover the enemy lines. 2. (of a group orcrowd) to run away or take cover in dif-ferent directions � The protesters scat-tered when we opened fire.scenes of crime officer

scenes of crime officer /�si�nz əv�kram �ɒfsə/ noun full form of SOCOschedule

schedule /�ʃedju�l/ verb to fix thetime at which something will happen �

The attack was scheduled to begin at0600 hrs.Schwerpunkt

Schwerpunkt /�ʃveυrpυnkt/ nounGerman the point of main effort � TheSchwerpunkt for this attack will be atLingen. (NOTE: German nouns are al-ways spelt with a capital letter.)Scimitar

Scimitar /�smtə/ noun a British-made light tank (CVRT), equipped witha 30mm Rarden cannonscorched earth

scorched earth /�skɔ�tʃt �$�θ/ nounthe deliberate destruction of your owninfrastructure and resources so that theenemy cannot use them � Throughout

history, the Russians have usedscorched earth tactics to defeat invad-ers.scorpion

scorpion noun an insect with twofront claws and a long jointed tail whichit uses to inflict a venomous stingScorpion

Scorpion /�skɔ�piən/ noun a British-made light tank (CVRT), equipped witha 76mm gunscout

scout /skaυt/ noun 1. a person sent outon a reconnaissance � The scouts ha-ven’t returned yet. 2. a person or vehiclewhich moves ahead of a grouping, in or-der to find a suitable route or locate theenemy � The scout vehicle drove into aminefield. � verb 1. to act as a scout 2.to reconnoitre � 6 Platoon is scoutingthe enemy position.Scout

Scout /skaυt/ noun a small British-made utility helicopterscramble

scramble /�skr�mb(ə)l/ verb 1. tomove over rocky terrain, using yourhands when necessary 2. (of fighter air-craft) to take off quickly in order to gointo action � Two fighter squadronsscrambled. 3. (of communications) toadapt a transmission electronically, sothat it can only be understood by some-one with the correct receiving equip-ment � All messages to HQ must bescrambled.scramble net

scramble net /�skr�mbəl net/ nouna net used by soldiers to climb from aship into a landing-craftscrape

scrape /skrep/ noun a shallow pitdug to provide a hull-down position foran armoured fighting vehicle � The tankwas hit as it was reversing out of thescrape. � shell-scrapescree

scree /skri�/ noun a loose surface of amountain slope, consisting of a thicklayer of small stones � We heard the en-emy patrol moving across the scree.scrim

scrim /skrm/ noun small pieces offabric, used as camouflage on helmetsand camouflage nets (NOTE: no plural)scrub

scrub /skr�b/ noun 1. vegetation con-sisting of small trees and bushes � Thehill is covered with scrub. 2. an area ofground covered with scrub � The enemyposition is to the right up the scrub.(NOTE: no plural)


scrubland 216scrubland

scrubland /�skr�bl�nd/ noun terrainconsisting mainly of scrubScud

Scud /sk�d/ noun a Soviet-designedsurface-to-surface missile, capable ofcarrying a variety of warheads (e.g.chemical, high explosive, nuclear, etc.)SDI

SDI abbreviation Strategic Defence In-itiativesea

sea /si�/ noun a mass of salt water,which covers most of the earth’s surfaceseaborne

seaborne /�si�bɔ�n/ adjective de-ployed or carried by ships � The opera-tion will be supported by a seabornelanding near Ostend.SEAD

SEAD /si�d/ abbreviation suppressionof enemy air defenceSea Dart

Sea Dart /�si� �dɑ�t/ noun a British-de-signed long-range naval surface-to-airmissile (SAM)Sea Eagle

Sea Eagle /�si� �i�(l/ noun a British-designed anti-ship missileSea Harrier

Sea Harrier /�si� �h�rə/ noun a Brit-ish-designed multirole fighter aircraftwith a vertical take-off capability,which is designed to operate from air-craft carriers and certain other shipsSeahawk

Seahawk /�si�hɔ�k/ noun an Ameri-can-designed multi-role helicopter de-signed to operate from a shipSea King

Sea King /�si� �kŋ/ noun an Ameri-can-designed multirole helicopter de-signed for operating off shipsSEALs

SEALs /si�lz/ noun American navalspecial forces. Full form sea, air, landSea Lynx

Sea Lynx noun same as Navy Lynxseaman

seaman /�si�mən/ noun 1. a rank inthe British Navy (formerly) Also calledable rating, leading rating 2. US ajunior non-commissioned rank in thenavyseaman apprentice

seaman apprentice /�si�mən ə|

�prents/ noun US the lowest non-com-missioned rank in the navysea mile

sea mile /�si� �mal/ noun same asnautical mileseaplane

seaplane /�si�plen/ noun an aircraftdesigned to take off from and land onwatersea power

sea power /�si� �paυə/ noun warshipsand weaponry used at sea

search

search /s$�tʃ/ noun an act of search-ing � verb to look for someone or some-thingsearch and rescue operation

search and rescue operation/�s$�tʃ ən �reskju� �ɒpəreʃ(ə)n/ nounan operation to look for someone andrescue themsearchlight

searchlight /�s$�tʃlat/ noun a pow-erful electric light, which produces aconcentrated beam for illuminating ob-jectssearch warrant

search warrant /�s$�tʃ �wɒrənt/noun a warrant authorizing the securityforces to search a specified building orpropertySea Skua

Sea Skua /�si� �skju�ə/ noun a British-designed anti-ship missile (ASM)Sea Sparrow

Sea Sparrow /�si� �sp�rəυ/ noun anAmerican-designed medium-range na-val surface-to-air missile (SAM)Sea Stallion

Sea Stallion /�si� �st�ljən/ noun �

CH-53sea-strike

sea-strike /�si� strak/ noun a navalaviation role, involving the use of carri-er-based aircraft to attack enemy ship-ping

COMMENT: Sea-strike is the maritimeequivalent of fighter ground-attack.

Sea Wolf

Sea Wolf /�si� �wυlf/ noun a British-designed short-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM)second

second1 /�sekənd/ noun a unit oftime, corresponding to a sixtieth part ofone minutesecond

second2 /s|�kɒnd/ verb to post a serv-iceman to another arm or service oreven to the armed forces of a foreignstate, usually to provide specialist ex-pertise or training � He was seconded tothe Sultan of Oman’s Armed Forces.secondary armour

secondary armour /�sekənd(ə)ri�ɑ�mə/ noun additional armour fittedonto an armoured vehicle in order to in-crease its protectionsecondary jungle

secondary jungle /�sekənd(ə)ri�d%�ŋ(əl/ noun a jungle where the orig-inal trees have been cleared (by man orby fire) and replaced by a dense growthof bushes and young trees


217 seeksecond dogwatch

second dogwatch /s|�kɒnd�dɒ(wɒtʃ/ noun the period of duty from1800–2000hrs. � watchsecond in command

second in command /�sekənd nkə|�mɑ�nd/ noun the most senior personafter the commander and nominated totake command in his absence. Abbr 2ICsecond lieutenant

second lieutenant /�sekənd lef|

�tenənt/; US /�sekənd lu�|�tenənt/ noun1. the lowest officer rank in the army ormarines (usually in command of a pla-toon or equivalent-sized grouping) 2.US the lowest officer rank in the army,marines or air force (usually in com-mand of a platoon or equivalent-sizedgrouping) � abbr 2Ltsecondment

secondment /s|�kɒndmənt/ noun anact of being seconded � He went on se-condment to the Sultan of Oman’sArmed Forces.secret

secret /�si�krət/ adjective 1. not forcommon knowledge � They got out ofthe camp through a secret tunnel. 2.high level of security classification fordocuments and information � This in-formation is classified as secret. � nouna fact or information which is secret �

He was charged with passing secrets tothe enemy.Secretary for Defense

Secretary for Defense /�sekrətri fəd|�fens/, Defense Secretary /d |�fens�sekrətri/ noun a US government min-ister in charge of the armed forcesSecretary of State for Defence

Secretary of State for Defence/�sekrətri əv stet fə d|�fens/, DefenceSecretary /d|�fens �sekrətri/ noun agovernment minister in charge of thearmed forcessectarian

sectarian /sek|�teəriən/ adjective re-lating to conflict caused by differencesin religion (e.g. Roman Catholic as op-posed to Protestant or Orthodox) � Thiswas a sectarian attack. � The conflict inBosnia was sectarian rather than eth-nic.section

section /�sekʃən/ noun 1. a sub-unitof a platoon 2. a tactical infantry group-ing of eight men (usually divided intotwo fireteams) 3. US a tactical ar-moured grouping of two tanks (NOTE: Inthe US Army, section-sized infantrygroupings are known as squads.)

COMMENT: British infantry sectionsare usually commanded by corpo-rals.

section commander

section commander /�sekʃən kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun an NCO in command ofa sectionsector

sector /�sektə/ noun a subdivision ofan area of ground � There has been noenemy activity in this sector.secure

secure /s|�kjυə/ adjective 1. (ofground) in your possession and pre-pared for defence � The LZ is now se-cure. 2. (of objects) properly attached orfastened � Make sure that all your kit issecure. 3. (of containers, rooms, build-ings or places) locked or otherwise pro-tected against theft � Put these docu-ments in a secure place. 4. (of commu-nications) encoded or scrambled � Isthe line to HQ secure? � verb 1. (ofground) to capture or otherwise takepossession of a location, and prepare itfor defence � The objective has been se-cured. 2. (of objects) to attach or fastenproperly � He secured the field dressingto his webbing. � All hatches have beensecured. 3. to make sure that somethinghappens � The aim of the operation is tosecure the release of the hostages.security

security /s|�kjυərti/ noun 1. allmeasures taken by a unit to protect itselffrom surveillance or offensive action bythe enemy � The enemy has breachedour security. 2. all measures taken by anorganization to protect its property andpersonnel from attack, espionage, sabo-tage, theft or any other threat or danger� He is responsible for security on thebase. 3. a department or organizationresponsible for protection against theft,etc. � Security has reported a break-in.security forces

security forces /s |�kjυərti �fɔ�sz/plural noun a state’s armed forces andpolice force (especially in a counter-in-surgency situation)security zone

security zone /s|�kjυərti zəυn/noun an area of ground around a group-ing’s positions, which is covered by itsweapons systems, surveillance equip-ment and patrol activityseek

seek /si�k/ verb 1. to look for some-thing 2. to try to achieve something �

He is seeking promotion.


seeker 218seeker

seeker /�si�kə/ noun a person or de-vice which is looking for somethingsegregate

segregate /�se(r(et/ verb to sepa-rate a person or group from other peo-ple, and keep them apart � The officerswere segregated from the other prison-ers.seize

seize /si�z/ verb 1. to capture � A Com-pany has seized the objective. 2. to takesomething by force � The security forc-es have seized a large quantity of explo-sives.self-control

self-control /�self kən|�trəυl/ nounthe ability to control your own emotions(e.g. anger, fear, etc.)self-inflicted wound

self-inflicted wound /�self n|

�flktd �wu�nd/ noun a wound inflictedby a person on himself, usually in orderto get out of the combat zoneself-loading rifle

self-loading rifle /�self �ləυdŋ�raf(ə)l/ noun 1. a semi-automatic rifle(that is, one that reloads itself after eachshot) 2. a British-produced 7.62mm as-sault weapon, based on the Belgian-de-signed FN-FAL � abbr SLRself-propelled

self-propelled /�self prə|�peld/ adjec-tive having a motor which makes itmoveself-propelled anti-aircraft gun

self-propelled anti-aircraft gun/�self prə|�peld ��nti �eəkrɑ�ft �(�n/noun an armoured fighting vehicle fit-ted with an anti-aircraft gun. AbbrSPAAG (NOTE: These weapons fre-quently have two or more barrels.)self-propelled gun

self-propelled gun /�self prə|�peld�(�n/ noun an artillery piece, in theform of an armoured vehicle. AbbrSPGself-propelled howitzer

self-propelled howitzer /�self prə|

�peld �haυtsə/ noun a howitzer in theform of an armoured fighting vehicle(AFV). Abbr SPHsemi-automatic

semi-automatic /�semi ɔ�tə|�m�tk/adjective (of firearms) designed to re-load automatically after each shot (asopposed to bolt-action rifles, which areoperated by hand) � The governmentforces are equipped with semi-automat-ic weapons.semi-automatic command line of sight

semi-automatic command lineof sight /�semi �ɔ�təm�tk kə |�mɑ�nd

lan əv �sat/ noun full form of SAC-LOSsemi-automatic weapon

semi-automatic weapon /�semi�ɔ�təm�tk �wepən/ noun a firearmwhich reloads itself after each shot (e.g.a self-loading rifle)Semtex

Semtex /�semteks/ noun a Czech-pro-duced plastic explosive (PE)

COMMENT: Semtex is favoured by ter-rorists, because it has no smell anddoes not ‘sweat’. This makes it verydifficult to detect.

send

send /send/ verb to make somethinggo from one place to another � Britainhas sent two battalions to the region.sending nation

sending nation /�sendŋ �neʃ(ə)n/noun a nation which has sent forces tobe part of a multinational force (NOTE:sending – sent)senior

senior /�si�niə/ adjective of higherrank � He is senior to you. � The seniorofficers were accommodated in a hotel.� the Senior Service the Royal Navyseniority

seniority /�si�ni|�ɒrti/ noun a positionin the rank structure � You do not havethe seniority to do this job.sensitive site exploitation

sensitive site exploitation/�senstv sat �eksplɔ|�teʃ(ə)n/ nounfull form of SSEsensor

sensor /�sensə/ noun a device whichis designed to detect something (such aschemical agent, movement, radiation,etc.)sentry

sentry /�sentri/ noun 1. a servicemanassigned to guard a military base or in-stallation � A sentry challenged us aswe approached the perimeter fence. 2. asoldier assigned to watch for any ap-proaching enemy, while others rest orcarry out other tasksSentry

Sentry /�sentri/ noun an American-designed E-3 airborne warning and con-trol system (AWACS) aircraftsergeant

sergeant /�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun a non-commissioned officer (NCO) in the USand British army, marines or air force.Abbr Sgt. � flight sergeant, mastersergeant, staff sergeantsergeant major

sergeant major /�sɑ�d%ənt �med%ə/noun 1. a warrant officer in the army ormarines 2. US a senior non-commis-


219 shared use

sioned officer (SNCO) in the army, ma-rines or air forceSergeant York

Sergeant York /�sɑ�d%ənt �jɔ�k/noun a nickname for the American-de-signed M-247 self-propelled anti-air-craft gun (SPAAG)SERPACWA

SERPACWA noun a cream or pastewhich is smeared on the skin in order toreduce or delay the exposure to chemi-cals used in chemical warfare. Full formskin exposure reduction pasteagainst chemical warfare agentsserve

serve /s$�v/ verb to be employed in thearmed forces � Men serving in thearmed forces are eligible for a pension.� She served ten years in the RAF.service

service /�s$�vs/ noun 1. an act ofserving in the armed forces � He has tenyears’ service. � time in service thenumber of years a person has been inthe services 2. � the services the armedforces � verb to repair equipment andkeep it in good conditionservice commander

service commander /�s$�vs kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun the most senior com-mander from one particular service (e.g.army, navy or air force) in a combinedarms forceservice dress

service dress /�s$�vs dres/ nounsmart khaki uniform worn on formalduties and paradesserviceman

serviceman /�s$�vsmən/ noun aman serving in the armed forces. � ex-servicemanservice number

service number /�s$�vs �n�mbə/noun the number given to each individ-ual member of the armed forces foridentification purposesservice support

service support /�s$�vs sə|�pɔ�t/noun a general term for administrationand logistics at small unit levelservicewoman

servicewoman /�s$�vs |�wυmən/noun a woman serving in the armedforcesservicing

servicing /�s$�vsŋ/ noun doingwork for someone, repairing or main-taining equipment. � cross-servicingset

set /set/ adjective ready to function �

The ambush is now set. � noun appara-tus � a radio set � verb to put somethinginto a certain position � He set the con-

trols to manual. (NOTE: setting – haveset)set off

set off /�set �ɒf/ verb to start on a jour-ney � They set off under cover of dark-ness.setting

setting /�setŋ/ noun a position inwhich the control knobs or switches ofan apparatus are setset up

set up /�set ��p/ verb 1. to assemblesomething � We will set up the mortarhere. 2. to establish something at a loca-tion � The RAP has been set up in thevillage.sewer

sewer /�su�ə/ noun a system of under-ground tunnels, used to carry waterfrom drains and toiletsSF

SF /�es �ef/ noun a machine-gun in thesustained fire role � The SF was dug inon the forward edge of the wood. � TheSFs will be located on that small knoll.� sustained fireSgt

Sgt abbreviation sergeantshake out

shake out /�ʃek ��υt/ verb to deployfrom march formation (e.g. column orfile) into tactical formation for advanceor assault � As soon as we clear thebreach, we will shake out into assaultformation.shanty town

shanty town /�ʃ�nti taυn/ noun anarea of poor dwellings built from wastematerials (often found on the edges ofcities in poor countries)SHAPE

SHAPE /ʃep/ abbreviation SupremeHeadquarters, Allied Powers in Europeshaped-charge warhead

shaped-charge warhead /�ʃept|

�tʃɑ�d% �wɔ�hed/ noun an anti-tankwarhead, in which the explosive ispacked around an inverted metal cone(on detonation, the cone collapses in-wards to form a high velocity liquid-like jet which is capable of penetratingarmour). � HEATshaping fire

shaping fire /�ʃepŋ �faə/ noun apreliminary attack which is an attemptto weaken enemy forces so that they canbe easily destroyed by later attacksshared

shared /�ʃeəd/ adjective used by sev-eral different people togethershared use

shared use /�ʃeəd �ju�s/ noun the useof forces or supplies sent by differentnations to a multinational force


shell 220shell

shell /ʃel/ noun 1. artillery projectileconsisting of a metal case filled withhigh explosive, which is designed to ex-plode on impact with the ground orwhen detonated by a fuse � Shells fellon the town during the night. 2. US acartridge � verb to fire artillery shells ata target � ‘Hello 2, this is 22, am beingshelled, wait out!’ � The enemy shelledthe town for several hours.shell case

shell case /�ʃel kes/ noun a metalcartridge, used to hold the propellant ofan artillery shellshellfire

shellfire /�ʃelfaə/ noun firing ofshells � We could hear shellfire duringthe night.shell-scrape

shell-scrape /�ʃel skrep/ noun ashallow pit designed to offer limitedprotection from artillery fire to a manlying on his stomach � We dig shell-scrapes every time we halt.shell shock

shell shock /�ʃel �ʃɒk/ noun mentaland physical collapse, as a result of be-ing shelled or simply being in combatfor a long period of time � He is suffer-ing from shell shock. � battle fatigue,post-traumatic stress disordershemagh

shemagh /ʃ|�mɑ�/ noun Arabic a tra-ditional Arab scarf, which may be wornaround the neck or as a headdress and issuitable for protecting the nose andmouth during sandstorms � During theGulf War, it was fashionable amongBritish troops to wear a shemagh.Sheridan

Sheridan /�ʃerdən/ noun an Ameri-can-designed light tankshermuly

shermuly /ʃə|�mu�li/ noun a parachuteflare, which is fired from a small hand-held disposable launchershield

shield /ʃi�ld/ noun 1. a piece of metal,plastic or other material, which is de-signed to be held in front of your bodyas protection from blows or projectiles� The riot police were equipped withbatons and shields. 2. anything which isused as a shield 3. a structure which isfitted to a piece of equipment or ma-chinery, in order to protect the operatorfrom any dangerous effects � He wasinjured because he had removed thesafety shield. � verb to protect a personby placing something between him and

a source of danger � We were shieldedfrom the blast by the truck.Shilka

Shilka /�ʃlkə/ noun a Russian nick-name for a ZSU-23 anti-aircraft gunship

ship /ʃp/ noun a large boatshipping

shipping /�ʃpŋ/ noun ships in gener-al (especially commercial vessels)shock

shock /ʃɒk/ noun 1. an effect causedby the violent collision of two objects 2.physical collapse, as a result of a seri-ous wound or horrifying experience �

He was suffering from shock. � shellshockshock action

shock action /�ʃɒk ��kʃən/ noun 1.formerly, a charge by heavy cavalry 2. asudden or aggressive attack or counter-attack, especially by tanksshock troops

shock troops /�ʃɒk �tru�ps/ pluralnoun elite troops who are kept in re-serve in order to attack or counter-at-tack the enemy when he is at his mostvulnerable (e.g., during reorganization)shoot

shoot /ʃu�t/ noun a field of fire � Thisposition offers a good shoot into thevalley. � verb 1. to fire a weapon atsomething � Stop or I’ll shoot! 2. to killor wound someone by firing a weaponat him � He was shot in the leg. � Bothcommanders were shot in the fighting.3. to kill someone as a punishment �

The deserters were taken away andshot. (NOTE: shooting – shot – haveshot)shoot away

shoot away /�ʃu�t ə |�we/ verb to re-move part of a vehicle, aircraft, etc., byfiring a weapon at it � The tailplane wasalmost shot away by cannon fire.shooting

shooting /�ʃu�tŋ/ noun 1. an act ofshooting � We heard shooting duringthe night. 2. an incident in which a per-son is shot � There has been a shooting.shore

shore /ʃɔ�/ noun land at the edge of alake or the seashortage

shortage /�ʃɔ�td%/ noun a situationwhere there is not enough of something� food shortagesshort-range

short-range /�ʃɔ�t �rend%/ adjectiveused over short distances � The Exocetis a short-range missile.short take-off and landing

short take-off and landing /�ʃɔ�t�tek ɒf ən �l�ndŋ/ noun a technology


221 SIGINT

which enables a fixed-wing aircraft totake off and land over considerablyshorter distances than those required byconventional fixed-wing aircraft. AbbrSTOL

COMMENT: Vertical take-off aircraftalso require a short take-off and land-ing capability because vertical take-off is not usually possible when theaircraft is carrying a full payload ofmunitions. Once these munitionshave been discharged, however, anormal vertical landing would againbe possible. The acronyms STOVL(short take-off and vertical landing)and V/STOL (vertical or short take-offand landing) are used to describethese capabilities.

shot

shot /ʃɒt/ noun 1. an act of firing aweapon � We heard a shot. � He tooktwo shots at the enemy tank. 2. a personwho shoots � He’s an excellent shot. 3.small metal balls fired from a shotgun(NOTE: The term is plural in this mean-ing.)shotgun

shotgun /�ʃɒt(�n/ noun a gun, usual-ly with two barrels, which fires a quan-tity of small metal balls (or shot)shoulder-launched multipurpose assault weapon

shoulder-launched multipur-pose assault weapon /�ʃəυldə�lɔ�ntʃd �m�ltip$�pəs ə|�sɔ�lt �wepən/noun full form of SMAWshovel

shovel /�ʃ�v(ə)l/ noun a simple toolconsisting of a rounded metal blade at-tached to a long wooden handle, de-signed for digging holes in the groundshovel recce

shovel recce /�ʃ�v(ə)l �reki/ noungoing to the toilet in the field � I’m justgoing on a shovel recce.shrapnel

shrapnel /�ʃr�pn(ə)l/ noun 1. an artil-lery shell containing ball-bearings,which become projectiles when theshell explodes (historical) 2. projectilesformed by fragments of an explodingartillery shell or grenade � He was hit inthe leg by shrapnel. � He was blinded bya piece of shrapnel. (NOTE: no plural)Shrike

Shrike /ʃrak/ noun an American-de-signed air-to-ground anti-radar missile(ARM)shrine

shrine /ʃran/ noun a small building orstructure which is used for religiouspurposes

SIB

SIB /�es a �bi�/ noun the detectivebranch of the military police, which in-vestigates criminal offences committedby servicemen while they are subject tomilitary law (e.g. on MOD property orwhile on operational service) � The SIBhave been called in. Full form SpecialInvestigation Branchsick

sick /sk/ adjective US suffering froman illness or diseaseside

side /sad/ noun 1. a vertical surface ofan object � He aimed at the side of thetank. 2. one of two opposing states oralliances, which are involved in a war orconflict � opposite side, other side en-emy forces � our side friendly forces �Our side has inflicted considerabledamage on the enemy positions.side arm

side arm /�sad ɑ�m/ noun a pistolSidewinder

Sidewinder /�sadwandə/ noun anAmerican-designed heat-seeking air-to-air missile (AAM)siege

siege /si�d%/ noun an act of surround-ing a town or location and preventingthe entry of reinforcements and sup-plies, in order to force the defenders tosurrender or to weaken them prior to anassault � The siege of Leningrad lastedmore than a year. � besiege, invest-ment

COMMENT: Siege is not normally usedin modern military English; it has nowbeen largely replaced by the noun in-vestment.

Sierra

Sierra /si|�erə/ noun the nineteenth let-ter of the phonetic alphabet (Ss)sight

sight /sat/ noun 1. the ability to see �out of sight no longer visible 2. a de-vice on a weapon, which is used by thefirer to aim at a target � verb to seesomething for the first time � 6 Platoonhave sighted the enemy. � The enemydestroyer was sighted on the horizon.sighting

sighting /�satŋ/ noun an act of see-ing something (usually for the firsttime) � There have been no sightings ofthe enemy.Sight Unit Small Arms Trilux

Sight Unit Small Arms Trilux/�sat �ju�nt �smɔ�l �ɑ�mz �tral�ks/noun full form of SUSATSIGINT

SIGINT /�s(nt/ noun intelligence ob-tained by listening to the enemy’s radio


sign 222

transmissions. Full form signals intel-ligencesign

sign /san/ noun 1. written words orsymbols painted or printed on a boardor on the surface of an object, in orderto convey information (such as direc-tion, identity of a unit, location of aminefield, etc.) � Follow the signs toBrigade HQ. 2. a gesture designed toconvey a meaning � He made a sign forus to keep quiet. 3. evidence of activityor the presence of something (such asblood, discarded equipment, vehicletracks, etc.) � There was no sign of theenemy. � verb to write your name in aspecial way to show that you have ap-proved a document � The report must besigned by the author. � to sign on to jointhe armed forces for a period of timeand sign a contract of employment � Hesigned on for seven years.signal

signal /�s(n(ə)l/ noun 1. a sign madeby flags, gestures, light or any othermeans, in order to convey informationor instructions � The signal to withdrawis a red flare followed by a green flare.2. a message transmitted by radio � Wehave received a signal from HQ. 3. theelectromagnetic waves transmitted by aradio transmitter � I am getting a veryweak signal. � verb 1. to make a sign, inorder to convey information or instruc-tions � He signalled to us to get down.2. to send a message by radio � Theysignalled HQ to request air support forthe operation.signaler

signaler /�s(n(ə)lə/ noun US spellingof signallersignaller

signaller /�s(n(ə)lə/ noun 1. a serv-iceman, who specializes in the use ofradios and other communicationsequipment 2. the title of a private in theRoyal Corps of Signals � SignallerJonessignalman

signalman /�s(n(ə)lmən/ noun sameas signaller (NOTE: The plural form issignalmen.)signals

signals /�s(n(ə)lz/ plural noun com-munications (especially radio) � Wehave captured an enemy signals detach-ment.signals centre

signals centre /�s(n(ə)lz �sentə/noun same as communication centre

signals intelligence

signals intelligence /�s(n(ə)lz n|

�teld%əns/ noun information obtainedby listening to the enemy’s radio trans-missions. Abbr SIGINTsignals officer

signals officer /�s(n(ə)lz �ɒfsə/noun an officer in charge of a unit’scommunicationssignal van

signal van /�s(n(ə)l v�n/ noun a ve-hicle containing communicationsequipmentsignature

signature /�s(ntʃə/ noun 1. a per-son’s name written by him/her, usuallyto show authorization for something � Ineed your signature on this document.2. any distinctive sign (e.g. heat, light,smoke or radiation) which is producedor emitted by a weapon or other piece ofequipment, and which reveals its loca-tion to observers or surveillance equip-ment � This tank produces a strongthermal signature.signpost

signpost /�sanpəυst/ noun a sign po-sitioned at a road junction, which showsthe direction (and sometimes the dis-tance) to a town or village � verb to putsignposts along a road or route to showthe direction of somethingsilence

silence /�saləns/ noun 1. a state whenthere is no noise 2. a state when no onespeaks � verb 1. (of guards or sentries)to kill or immobilize � He silenced thesentry with a knife. 2. (of enemy artil-lery, machine-guns, fire-positions, etc.)to destroy or immobilize � The batteryhas been silenced.silencer

silencer /�salənsə/ noun a devicewhich is fitted to a firearm, in order toreduce the noise made when it is firedsilent

silent /�salənt/ adjective 1. (of peo-ple) not speaking � They were orderedto remain silent. 2. (of things) not mak-ing any noise � We made a silent ap-proach to the objective.silhouette

silhouette /�slu|�et/ noun the shape ofan object when seen on the skyline oragainst a lighter background � We couldsee the silhouette of a tank. � verb to ap-pear as a silhouette � The tank was sil-houetted on the ridge.silo

silo /�saləυ/ noun 1. an undergroundchamber where a missile is stored andfrom which it can be launched 2. a large


223 SL

structure (often cylindrical) used forstoring grainSilva

Silva /�slvə/ tdmk a trademark for acompass which is designed to be placedonto a map in order to calculate bear-ings (without the need for a protractor)simulate

simulate /�smjυlet/ verb to imitateeffects or conditions for training pur-posessimulation

simulation /�smjυ |�leʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of simulatingsimulator

simulator /�smjυletə/ noun an ap-paratus designed to simulate effects orconditions for training purposes (suchas the control of an aircraft, direction ofartillery fire, firing of a missile, etc.)single file

single file /�sŋ((ə)l �fal/ noun a sin-gle line of men or vehicles moving onebehind the othersink

sink /sŋk/ verb 1. (of boats and ships)to go to the bottom of the sea, river orother area of water � The ship sank in astorm. 2. to make a boat or ship sink (es-pecially as a result of an attack) � Theenemy have sunk HMS Sheffield. (NOTE:sinking – sank – have sunk)Sioux

Sioux /su�/ noun an outdated Ameri-can-designed reconnaissance helicoptersiphon

siphon /�saf(ə)n/, syphon /�saf(ə)n/verb to move liquid from one containerto another using atmospheric pressure.One container is placed in a higher po-sition than the other and liquid is thensucked from the higher containerthrough a hose and directed into thelower container. The liquid will thenflow freely as a result of pressure. � Wecaught some men trying to siphon fuelfrom our truck.siren

siren /�sarən/ noun a device whichmakes a loud noise as a signal or warn-ingsite

site /sat/ noun a location which is se-lected for a particular purpose � Thiswould be a good site for the RAP. � verbto select a location for a particular pur-pose � Where have you sited the ma-chine-gun?SITREP

SITREP /�strep/ abbreviation situa-tion report

situation

situation /�stʃu |�eʃ(ə)n/ noun whatis happening at a particular moment intimesituation report

situation report /�stjυ|�eʃən r|

�pɔ�t/ noun a verbal or written messagedescribing everything of importancewhich is happening or has happened ina unit or sub-unit’s area of responsibili-ty. Abbr SITREPski

ski /ski�/ noun one of a pair of long thinpieces of wood or plastic, which a per-son attaches to his feet in order to moveover snow � In winter, they patrol theborder on skis. � verb to move on skis �We will have to ski to the RV.ski-jump

ski-jump /�ski� d%�mp/ noun a rampat the end of the flight deck on an air-craft carrier, which is designed to assisttake-offskill

skill /skl/ noun the ability to carry outa task or procedure (usually improvedby teaching and practice)skill at arms

skill at arms /�skl ət �ɑ�mz/ nounskill in the use of weapons, especiallysmall arms. Abbr SAAski-mask

ski-mask /�ski� mɑ�sk/ noun a wool-len garment which covers the head,neck and face, with holes for the eyes,which is designed to protect a person’sface in extremely cold conditions, but isalso sometimes used to conceal a per-son’s identity � The terrorists were allwearing ski-masks.skin exposure reduction paste against chemical warfare agents

skin exposure reduction pasteagainst chemical warfare agents/�skn k|�spəυ%ə r|�d�kʃən pest ə|

�(enst �kemk(ə)l �wɔ�feə �ed%(ə)nts/noun full form of SERPACWAskirmish

skirmish /�sk$�mʃ/ noun a short bat-tle between small groups of soldiers �

Skirmishes broke out along the line. �

battle, engagement, firefight � verbto assault or withdraw, using fire andmanoeuvre � The section skirmishedonto the forward edge of the enemy po-sition.Sky Flash

Sky Flash /�ska �fl�ʃ/ noun a Brit-ish-designed radar-guided air-to-airmissile (AAM)Skyhawk

Skyhawk /�skahɔ�k/ noun same as A-4SL

SL abbreviation start line


slacken 224slacken

slacken /�sl�kən/ verb to become lessintense � We assaulted as soon as theenemy fire started to slacken.SLAM

SLAM /sl�m/ noun an American-de-signed long-range air-to-ground mis-sile. Full form stand-off land attackmissilesleeper

sleeper /�sli�pə/ noun an agent wholives and works in an enemy country butcarries out no action until the time isright (e.g. at the outbreak of war) � Webelieve that a sleeper has planted a vi-rus in our computer system.sleeping-bag

sleeping-bag /�sli�pŋ �b�(/ noun aquilted bag used for sleeping in. � bivvybag, kitbagsleeping sickness

sleeping sickness /�sli�pŋ �sknəs/noun a common name for the disease,African trypanosomiasis, which isspread by the tsetse flysling

sling /slŋ/ noun a leather or webbingstrap, by which a weapon can be hungfrom a person’s shoulder so that he isfree to use his hands � We made a ropeout of rifle slings.slingshot

slingshot /�slŋʃɒt/ noun US a weap-on made of a Y-shaped piece of metalwith a rubber attached, used to sendstones and other small projectiles overlong distances (NOTE: The British Eng-lish term is catapult.)slit trench

slit trench /�slt trentʃ/ noun same asfire trenchsloop

sloop /slu�p/ noun a small armed navalshipslope

slope /sləυp/ noun 1. an area ofground, in which one part is higher thanthe other � The tank rolled down theslope. 2. the side of a hill � The enemyis dug in on the forward slope. � verb (ofground) to form a slope � The groundslopes to the south.SLR

SLR abbreviation self-loading riflesmall arms

small arms /�smɔ�l �ɑ�mz/ pluralnoun arms which can be carried, such asrifles, machine-guns and sub-machine-gunssmallbore

smallbore /�smɔ�lbɔ�/ adjective witha barrel which has a small bore � asmallbore shotgun

smallpox

smallpox /�smɔ�lpɒks/ noun a poten-tially fatal infectious disease, causingfever and a severe rash on the skin,which often results in permanent scars

COMMENT: Caused by the pox virus,smallpox is also known as variola.The disease has been practicallyeradicated from the developed worldas a result of widespread vaccinationprogrammes. However, certain na-tions are believed to have developedstrains of the virus for use as a bio-logical weapon.

smart bomb

smart bomb /�smɑ�t bɒm/ noun aname given by the media to precisionguided munitions (PGM). Comparedumb bombSMAW

SMAW /smɔ�/ noun an American-de-signed hand-held rocket launcher (basi-cally an anti-tank weapon). Full formshoulder-launched multipurpose as-sault weaponsmoke

smoke /sməυk/ noun 1. particles ofcarbon produced by a burning object orsubstance, which are suspended in theair to form a thick black or white cloud� Clouds of smoke reduced visibility. 2.any projectile or grenade, which is de-signed to produce smoke, in order toblind the enemy or to mask the move-ments of friendly forces � Five roundssmoke, fire for effect! � verb 1. to giveoff smoke � The burnt-out tank is stillsmoking. 2. to smoke a cigarette � Hereminded his men that they were not al-lowed to smoke after dark.smoke break

smoke break /�sməυk brek/ noun abreak to have a cigarettesmoke canister

smoke canister /�sməυk �k�nstə/noun a metal container containingchemicals which produce smokesmoke discharger

smoke discharger /�sməυk ds|

�tʃɑ�d%ə/ noun a device which releasessmoke or smoke canisterssmoke grenade

smoke grenade /s |�məυk (r|�ned/noun a grenade which releases smokesmoking

smoking /�sməυkŋ/ noun an act ofsmoking a cigarette � Smoking is dan-gerous close to fuel supplies.smooth-bore

smooth-bore /�smu�ð bɔ�/ adjectivereferring to a gun with a barrel that hasa smooth inside surface with no rifling


225 solar stillsmuggle

smuggle /�sm�((ə)l/ verb 1. to importillegal goods (e.g. drugs, weapons) orimport goods without paying customsduty (e.g. alcohol, tobacco) � He wasprosecuted for smuggling cigarettes. 2.to convey something secretly into or outof a location � They were caught tryingto smuggle a girl into the barracks.smuggler

smuggler /�sm�(lə/ noun a personwho smuggles � He is a well-knowndrug smuggler.snake

snake /snek/ noun a creature with avery long, thin body and no legs, whichoften has a poisonous bitesnatch

snatch /sn�tʃ/ verb to rush in and ar-rest or capture a person � Our mission isto snatch an officer from the enemy po-sition.snatch squad

snatch squad /�sn�tʃ skwɒd/ nouna small group of soldiers detailed tograb and arrest someonesniffer dog

sniffer dog /�snfə dɒ(/ noun a dogtrained to detect explosives or weaponsby their smellsnipe

snipe /snap/ verb 1. to shoot at a per-son from a hidden fire-position 2. toshoot at selected enemy personnel suchas commanders, machine-gunners, sig-nallers, etc., as opposed to any personwho happens to be within your field offire 3. to shoot at enemy personnel as aform of harassment (especially whenthey are not actually fighting)sniper

sniper /�snapə/ noun a trained marks-man, who specializes in sniping at theenemy � The street patrol came undersniper fire. � He was disabled by a snip-er’s bullet.

COMMENT: Snipers are usually sitedaway from the main force, so thatthey can concentrate on shooting atselected targets instead of beingdrawn into the general firefight. Theyare also less likely to be affectedwhen the main force comes under ar-tillery fire.

snorkel

snorkel /�snɔ�k(ə)l/ noun 1. a tubeused by a person to breathe through,when swimming underwater � He wasusing a snorkel. 2. a breathing tube, fit-ted to a tank for crossing rivers or land-ing on a beach � This tank can be fittedwith a snorkel for river crossings.

snow

snow /snəυ/ noun flakes of crystal-lized ice, which fall from the sky � Mostof the mountain roads were blocked bysnow. � verb (of snow) to fall from thesky � It was snowing hard as the attackbegan.snowcat

snowcat /�snəυk�t/ noun a light-weight tracked vehicle designed for usein arctic conditionssnowshoe

snowshoe /�snəυʃu�/ noun a device,similar in appearance to a tennis racket,which is strapped on the foot to allow aperson to walk across deep snowSOCEUR

SOCEUR /sɒk$�/ abbreviation USSpecial Operations Command EuropeSOCO

SOCO /�sɒkəυ/ noun a civil police of-ficer responsible for searching for evi-dence at the scene of a terrorist incident� SOCO has arrived at the ICP. Fullform scenes of crime officerSod’s Law

Sod’s Law /�sɒdz �lɔ�/ noun a furtherdevelopment of Murphy’s Law, whichstates that if something does go wrong,then it is certain to go wrong in theworst possible way � Well, that’s Sod’sLaw, isn’t it?SOF

SOF /�es əυ �ef/ noun special forces(e.g. commandos, rangers, SAS,SEALs, Spetznaz, etc.). Full form spe-cial operating forcessoft-skinned vehicle

soft-skinned vehicle /�sɒft �sknd�vi�k(ə)l/ noun a vehicle which is notprotected by armour (such as a jeep, lor-ry, truck, etc.) � All soft-skinned vehi-cles were withdrawn to the rear.soft target

soft target /�sɒft �tɑ�(t/ noun a per-son or unit or vehicle which is vulnera-ble or unable to defend itself properly �The terrorists are only interested in at-tacking soft targets.soil

soil /sɔl/ noun a substance, consistingof particles of rock and decayed vegeta-tion, in which plants growsolar still

solar still /�səυlə �stl/ noun an emer-gency method of producing water in thedesert. A pit is dug in the sand and acontainer placed at the bottom The pit isthen covered with some plastic sheetingwhich is secured at the sides by heapedsand and weighted in the centre by asmall stone, thereby forming an invert-ed cone. Droplets of water form through


soldier 226

condensation on the underside of thesheet and trickle down into the contain-er. (NOTE: Condensation can be in-creased by placing pieces of vegetationin the pit or even urinating in the sand ofthe pit.)soldier

soldier /�səυld%ə/ noun � (private)soldier a person serving in the army � Agroup of soldiers took command of theradio station. � We were trapped in thecamp by enemy soldiers.soldiering

soldiering /�səυld%ərŋ/ noun theprofession of being a soldiersoldier of fortune

soldier of fortune /�səυld%ə əv�fɔ�tʃən/ noun a mercenarysolution

solution /sə|�lu�ʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a mix-ture of a solid substance with a liquid �He cleaned the wound with a solution ofsalt and water. 2. an answer to a prob-lem � We’ve got a solution to your sup-ply problem. 3. a moment when the op-erator of a guided weapon has the targetin his sights and the guidance system isactivated � He achieved a solution onthe leading plane. � lock-on (NOTE:used with the verb achieve)Soman

Soman /�səυmən/ noun � GDsonar

sonar /�səυnɑ�/ noun a system for de-tecting underwater objects through thetransmission of sound waves, which arereflected back by the objectSOP

SOP abbreviation standard operatingproceduresortie

sortie /�sɔ�ti/ noun 1. an operationalflight � We lost two aircraft in the lastsortie. 2. a small offensive operationmounted by troops who are occupying adefensive position � We made a sortiewhile the enemy were reorganizing.SOS

SOS /�es əυ �es/ noun an internationaldistress signal, signifying an urgent re-quest for assistance � They sent out anSOS.source

source /sɔ�s/ noun an agent or inform-er who provides intelligence � We’veheard from a reliable source that theterrorists are planning an attack.south

south /saυθ/ noun 1. one of the fourmain points of the compass, corre-sponding to a bearing of 180 degrees or3200 mils 2. an area to the south of yourlocation � The enemy are approaching

from the south. 3. � the South thesouthern part of a country � adjectiverelating to south � the South Gate �south wind wind blowing from thesouth � adverb towards the south � Theenemy is moving south.southbound

southbound /�saυθbaυnd/ adjectivemoving or leading towards the south � asouthbound convoysoutherly

southerly /�s�ðəli/ adjective 1. to-wards the south � The troops wereheading in a southerly direction. 2. (ofwind) from the southsouthern

southern /�s�ð(ə)n/ adjective relatingto the south � the southern part of thecountrySouthern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere /�s�ð(ə)n�hem|�sfə/ noun an area of the earth’ssurface south of the Equatorsouthward

southward /�saυθwəd/ adjective to-wards the south � They moved in asouthward direction. � adverb US to-wards the south � They are movingsouthward.southwards

southwards /�saυθwədz/ adverb to-wards the south � They are movingsouthwards.Soviet

Soviet /�səυviət/ adjective of or relat-ing to the Soviet Union � the SovietUnion (USSR) the empire of commu-nist Russia, which disintegrated in 1991

COMMENT: The former Soviet Union isnow generally known as the Com-monwealth of Independent States(CIS).

SP

SP abbreviation start pointSPAAG

SPAAG abbreviation self-propelledanti-aircraft gunspace

space /spes/ noun 1. an empty areabetween objects � There is not enoughspace to deploy the brigade. 2. an un-limited area beyond the earth’s atmos-phere � The Americans have sent anoth-er satellite into space.Space Command

Space Command /�spes kə |�mɑ�nd/noun the department of the US forcesresponsible for the use of satellites (e.g.for surveillance, communications, GPS,missile guidance, NMD, etc.)spacecraft

spacecraft /�speskrɑ�ft/ noun a ma-chine designed to travel in space


227 specificationsspade

spade /sped/ noun a simple diggingtool consisting of a metal blade attachedto a long wooden handle. � shovelspall

spall /spɔ�l/ noun fragments of armourwhich are broken off and blasted intothe interior of an armoured vehicle, as aresult of a hit by an anti-tank projectileSpandrel

Spandrel /�sp�ndrəl/ noun a Soviet-designed tube-launched, wire-guidedanti-tank missile (ATGW)spanner

spanner /�sp�nə/ noun a metal toolwith an opening which fits round a nutand which can be twisted to undo thenut or tighten itspare

spare /speə/ adjective kept in order toreplace something which is lost or dam-aged � This vehicle doesn’t have a sparewheel. � verb 1. to manage without � Wecan’t spare the men for this task. 2. tonot kill � Only the women and childrenwere spared.spares

spares /speəz/ plural noun spare partssparkle

sparkle /�spɑ�k(ə)l/ verb to illuminatea target with a laser target designator(forward air controller jargon) � HelloG33 this is Cowboy, sparkle, sparkle,over.sparky

sparky /�spɑ�ki/ noun an electrician(slang)Sparrow

Sparrow /�sp�rəυ/ noun an Ameri-can-designed radar-guided air-to-airmissile (AAM)sparrow-fart

sparrow-fart /�sp�rəυ �fɑ�t/ nounfirst light (slang) � We’ll move out atsparrow-fart.Spartan

Spartan /�spɑ�tən/ noun a small Brit-ish-designed armoured-personnel carri-er (APC) normally used by specialisttroops (e.g. anti-tank, artillery, engi-neers)spat

spat /sp�t/ noun a garment of fabric,which is worn over the ankle and lowerleg and extends over the upper part ofthe shoe or boot, in order to keep yourtrousers dry and to prevent small stonesand other objects going into your boots� The pipers were wearing kilts andwhite spats.

COMMENT: Spats are now usuallyworn as part of a ceremonial uniform,although American troops wore themin combat during World War II.

spearhead

spearhead /�spəhed/ noun leadingelements of a large-scale offensive op-eration � The enemy’s spearhead hasreached Minden. � verb to act as spear-head � 3 Brigade will spearhead the at-tack.special

special /�speʃ(ə)l/ adjective for a spe-cific purposeSpecial Air Service

Special Air Service /�speʃ(ə)l �eə�s$�vs/ noun an elite British Army spe-cial forces organization. Abbr SASSpecial Boat Service

Special Boat Service /�speʃ(ə)l�bəυt �s$�vs/ noun an elite British spe-cial forces organization, recruited fromthe Royal Navy and Royal Marines.Abbr SBSspecial forces

special forces /�speʃ(ə)l �fɔ�sz/ plu-ral noun highly trained elite troops, whospecialize in unconventional militaryoperations (such as covert operations,intelligence gathering, raids, sabotage,etc.)Special Investigation Branch

Special Investigation Branch/�speʃ(ə)l n |�vest|�(eʃ(ə)n �brɑ�ntʃ/noun the detective branch of the Britishmilitary police, which investigatescriminal offences committed by serv-icemen while they are subject to mili-tary law (e.g. on MOD property orwhile on operational service). Abbr SIBspeciality

speciality /�speʃi|��ləti/ noun some-thing that a person is specially trained todo, or is particularly good atspecial operating forces

special operating forces /�speʃ(ə)l�ɒpəretŋ �fɔ�sz/ plural noun fullform of SOFspecial operations capable

special operations capable/�speʃ(ə)l �ɒpəreʃ(ə)nz �kepəb(ə)l/adjective having sufficient training andexpertise to carry out specialized mili-tary tasks. Abbr SOCspecial training

special training /�speʃ(ə)l �trenŋ/noun training in specialist areas such asguerrilla warfarespecialty

specialty /�speʃ(ə)lti/ US same asspecialityspecial weapon

special weapon /�speʃ(ə)l �wepən/noun same as weapon of mass de-structionspecifications

specifications /�spesf|�keʃ(ə)nz/plural noun detailed information about


spent 228

how a piece of equipment or a vehicle ismade and what it can do, or a detaileddescription of how something should bemade and what it should be able to dospent

spent /spent/ adjective used � Spentammunition lay round the machine-gun.Spetznaz

Spetznaz /�spetsn�z/ noun an eliteSoviet special forces organization �

Spetznaz units are operating in this ar-ea.SPG

SPG abbreviation self-propelled gunSPH

SPH abbreviation self-propelled how-itzerSpigot

Spigot /�sp(ət/ noun a Soviet-de-signed wire-guided anti-tank missile(ATGW)spinney

spinney /�spn/ noun a small wood �

We think the enemy has an OP in thatspinney.Spiral

Spiral /�sparəl/ noun a Soviet-de-signed laser-guided anti-tank missile(ATGW)spire

spire /�spaə/ noun a sharp pointedtower, usually forming part of a churchSpirit

Spirit /�sprt/ noun � B-2spitlock

spitlock /�sptlɒk/ verb to mark theproposed layout of a trench or otherfield fortification, by digging its outlineinto the turf � The recce group had spit-locked the positions for us.splash

splash /spl�ʃ/ verb (of liquids) to bethrown in small drops onto another ob-ject or thing � He was splashed withburning petrol when the jeep exploded.� noun the impact of an explosive pro-jectile as seen by an observer (usuallythe firer) � We didn’t see the splash butwe heard the explosion.splice

splice /splas/ verb � splice the mainbrace according to a naval custom, togive every man a measure of rum � Theadmiral told his captains to splice themainbrace.splint

splint /splnt/ noun a stiff support tiedto a broken leg or arm to prevent thebone from movingsplinter

splinter /�splntə/ noun a thin, sharpfragment � He was killed by a shellsplinter.

spoil

spoil /spɔl/ noun soil or sand which isdug out of the ground � The spoil froma trench is used to build the parapet andparados.spoiling attack

spoiling attack /�spɔlŋ ə|�t�k/noun an attack mounted on an advanc-ing enemy force in order to disrupt itsactivities and prevent it carrying out itsintentions � H-hour was delayed whenthe enemy mounted a spoiling attack in3 Brigade’s sector.spook

spook /spu�k/ noun a person involvedin extremely covert operations (e.g. spy,special forces, etc.) (slang)spore

spore /spɔ�/ noun a reproductive bodyin certain bacteria � This warhead re-leases spores of anthrax into the atmos-phere.spot

spot /spɒt/ verb 1. to catch sight of � Ispotted someone moving in the garden.2. to observe and direct artillery fire(usually from an aircraft) � He wasspotting from a helicopter. � noun a lo-cation � This is a good spot for the mor-tars. � on the spot at the particularplace where something happensspot height

spot height /�spɒt hat/ noun a pointmarked on a map to show where ameasurement of altitude has been madespotter

spotter /�spɒtə/ noun an officer orNCO who directs artillery fire (usuallyfrom an aircraft)spotter aircraft

spotter aircraft, spotter plane nounan aircraft used for observing and di-recting artillery firespring

spring /sprŋ/ noun 1. a place wherewater comes out of the ground naturally� There are very few springs in thesemountains. 2. a flexible piece of metal(often in the form of tightly coiledwire), which is used as a shock absorberor to keep a catch or clip closed or tomaintain tension � We need to replacethe springs on this vehicle.springing-mine

springing-mine /�sprŋŋ �man/noun an anti-personnel mine, which isdesigned to jump into the air in order toinflict injury to a person’s upper bodyspur

spur /sp$�/ noun a ridge protrudingfrom a hill or mountain into lower-lyingground (topographical ) � We cannot ad-


229 SSE

vance until the enemy have beencleared off that spur.spy

spy /spa/ noun a person who secretlytries to obtain information about the en-emy, or about a foreign power � Infor-mation about the troop movementscame from our spies in the capital. �

verb to act as a spy � He was accused ofspying for the enemy.Sqn

Sqn abbreviation squadronSQN LDR

SQN LDR abbreviation squadron lead-ersquad

squad /skwɒd/ noun 1. a small group-ing of servicemen, formed for a specificpurpose or task (such as drill) 2. a sub-unit of an infantry platoon 3. US a tacti-cal infantry grouping of nine men (usu-ally divided into two fire teams) 4. US atactical armoured cavalry grouping ofseven men 5. a US Marine Corps tacti-cal grouping of thirteen men (usuallydivided into three fire teams)

COMMENT: American infantry squadsare usually commanded by ser-geants.

Squad Automatic Weapon

Squad Automatic Weapon/�skwɒd �ɔ�təm�tk �wepən/ noun � M-249. Abbr SAW (NOTE: In the British Ar-my, a squad-sized infantry grouping isknown as a section.)squaddie

squaddie /�skwɒdi/ noun an ordinarysoldier (slang)squad leader

squad leader /�skwɒd �li�də/ nounUS the commander of an infantry squadsquadron

squadron /�skwɒdrən/ noun 1. asmall tactical grouping of warships �

He commanded a British squadron inthe West Indies. 2. an air force unit con-sisting of two or more flights, ie be-tween ten and eighteen aircraft � Twosquadrons of fighters were sent to inter-cept the bombers. 3. a company-sizedtank grouping of three or more troops 4.US a battalion-sized armoured cavalrygrouping, consisting of three cavalrytroops, one tank company and one bat-tery

COMMENT: The number of aircraft in asquadron will vary according to air-craft type and role. A bomber squad-ron may have as few as six aircraftwhile a fighter squadron may have asmany as twenty-four. In the army, a

British armoured brigade might con-sist of two armoured regiments andone armoured or mechanized infan-try battalion or, alternatively, two in-fantry battalions and one armouredregiment, plus artillery and support-ing arms. On operations, these unitsare broken down and combined intobattle groups. As an example, an ar-moured battle group might consist oftwo squadrons of tanks and one in-fantry company, which are organizedinto two squadron and companygroups and a company and squad-ron group under the command of thearmoured regimental HQ. The exactcomposition will vary according to thetactical requirement at the time. Inthe US Army, a battle group is knownas a task force, while company andsquadron groups and squadron andcompany groups are known as com-pany teams.

squadron and company group

squadron and company group/�skwɒdrən ən �k�mp(ə)ni �(ru�p/noun a combined arms grouping basedon a tank squadron (equivalent of acompany team in the US Army)squadron leader

squadron leader /�skwɒdrən �li�də/noun an officer in the air force, belowwing commander and above flight lieu-tenant (usually in command of a squad-ron)squall

squall /skwɔ�l/ noun a sudden stormof wind and rain, at seasquare

square /skweə/ adjective having foursides of equal length � a square piece ofwood � noun a flat area where drill iscarried outsquare-bashing

square-bashing /�skweə �b�ʃŋ/noun drill practice (informal )square brigade

square brigade /�skweə br|�(ed/noun a brigade, consisting of two ar-moured regiments and two battalions ofarmoured or mechanized infantrySR-71

SR-71 /�es ɑ� �sevənti �w�n/ noun anAmerican-designed strategic reconnais-sance aircraft. Also called BlackbirdSS

SS abbreviation submarineSSB

SSB abbreviation submarine (with bal-listic missiles)SSBN

SSBN abbreviation submarine (nucle-ar-powered, with ballistic missiles)SSE

SSE noun the detection and removal ofweapons of mass destruction or possi-


SSG 230

ble weapons of this type, and the mate-rials used in building them. Full formsensitive site exploitationSSG

SSG abbreviation submarine (withguided missiles)SSGN

SSGN abbreviation submarine (nucle-ar-powered, with guided missilesS/Sgt

S/Sgt, SSgt abbreviation staff sergeantSSM

SSM abbreviation surface-to-surfacemissileSSN

SSN abbreviation submarine (nuclear-powered)stab

stab /st�b/ verb to pierce someone’sbody with a knife or bayonetStaballoy

Staballoy /ste|�b�lɔ/ noun US de-pleted uranium (DU)stable

stable /�steb(ə)l/ noun a buildingused to accomodate horses or mulesstaff

staff /stɑ�f/ noun a group of officersand other ranks, who assist the com-mander of a large tactical grouping(such as a brigade, division, corps, etc.),and who form his headquartersstaff car

staff car /�stɑ�f kɑ�/ noun a car usedfor official purposes by a senior officerstaff college

staff college /�stɑ�f �kɒld%/ nountraining establishment, which preparesofficers for high commandstaff officer

staff officer /�stɑ�f �ɒfsə/ noun anofficer who serves in a staffstaff sergeant

staff sergeant /�stɑ�f �sɑ�d%ənt/noun 1. a senior non-commissioned of-ficer (SNCO) in the army (usually em-ployed as the quartermaster sergeant ofa company or equivalent-sized group-ing) 2. US a senior non-commissionedofficer (SNCO) in the army, marines orair force (NOTE: In the British Army, theinfantry equivalent of staff sergeant iscolour sergeant (C/Sgt).) � abbr S/Sgtstag

stag /st�(/ noun a period of duty as asentry or on radio watch (slang)stagger

stagger /�st�(ə/ verb 1. to arrange ac-tions so that they do not happen at thesame time � The departures of the com-panies were staggered at fifteen minuteintervals. 2. to arrange vehicles or air-craft or men so that they are not in astraight line � We advanced in a stag-gered formation.

staging area

staging area /�sted%ŋ �eərə/ nouna place along a route where troops canstop, in order to rest and reorganize be-fore continuing their journey � The ene-my are using that wood as a staging ar-ea.staging camp

staging camp /�sted%ŋ �k�mp/noun a camp where troops are accom-modated for a short period, before mov-ing to another destination � You will goto a staging camp, where you will waituntil we can move you forward to yourbattalion.stalk

stalk /stɔ�k/ verb to creep towards aperson or vehicle, in order to shoot athim or it from a close rangestand

stand /st�nd/ verb to support your-self, using your feet and legs, in a sta-tionary position � He was standing nextto the tank. (NOTE: standing – stood)standard

standard /�st�ndəd/ adjective 1. ba-sic or normal � This is the standard typeof respirator. 2. officially recognized asthe correct way to do something � noun1. a measure of quality, by which allsimilar things are judged � Your bootsare not up to standard. � The standardof shooting is very high. 2. a regimentalflag (especially in cavalry regiments)standard issue

standard issue /�st�ndəd �ʃu�/ ad-jective for normal everyday use (as op-posed to specialist tasks) � He waswearing standard issue combat cloth-ing.standardization

standardization /�st�ndəda|

�zeʃ(ə)n/, standardisation noun mak-ing sure that all procedures, personneland material all work in the same waystandardization agreement

standardization agreement/�st�ndəda|�zeʃ(ə)n ə|�(ri�mənt/noun an agreement between various na-tions to use standard equipment, operat-ing procedures, etc.Standard Missile

Standard Missile /�st�ndəd�msal/ noun an American-designedlong-range naval surface-to-air missile(SAM)standard operating procedure

standard operating procedure/�st�ndəd �ɒpəretŋ prə|�si�d%ə/ nouna set of instructions, produced by anarm, grouping or unit, which explain


231 static

exactly how various duties and tasksshould be carried out. Abbr SOPstand by

stand by /�st�nd �ba/ verb to beready to do something � B Company isstanding by to give fire support.stand-by

stand-by /�st�nd ba/ noun an act ofstanding by � on stand-by ready to dosomething � the battalion is on stand-byto deploy to the Gulfstand down

stand down /�st�nd �daυn/ verb 1. tostop standing to 2. to stop standing by �The Brigade was ordered to standdown. � noun an act of standing down(as part of a routine) � Stand down isthirty minutes after first light. Comparestand by, stand tostand fast

stand fast /�st�nd �fɑ�st/ verb to stopwhat you are doing and wait for furtherinstructions � We were ordered to standfast.standing army

standing army /�st�ndŋ �ɑ�mi/noun the regular army of a state, as op-posed to reserve forces � The countrymaintains a standing army of 100,000men.standing orders

standing orders /�st�ndŋ �ɔ�dəz/plural noun a set of rules and regula-tions relating to duties and disciplinestanding patrol

standing patrol /�st�ndŋ pə|�trəυl/noun a patrol sent out to occupy a cov-ert position in no-man’s-land in order toprovide warning of enemy activitystand off

stand off /�st�nd �ɒf/ verb to remainat a distance from something � Thetanks stood off in order to engage theenemy from the flank.stand-off land attack missile

stand-off land attack missile/�st�nd ɒf �l�nd ə|�t�k �msal/ nounfull form of SLAMstand to

stand to /�st�nd �tu�/ verb (of a unitor sub-unit) to be awake and at battlestations, in order to receive an enemyattack � The battalion stood to at firstlight. � noun an act of standing to (aspart of a routine) � Stand to is at0545hrs.star

star /stɑ�/ noun 1. a tiny point of light,visible in the sky at night 2. an insigniain the shape of a star, used as a badge ofrank. Also called pip

COMMENT: In the British Army, onestar denotes a second lieutenant, two

a lieutenant and three a captain. Inthe US Army, one star denotes a brig-adier general, two a major general,three a lieutenant general and four ageneral.

starboard

starboard /�stɑ�bəd/ noun a right-hand side of an aircraft, boat or ship �

Enemy fighters approaching starboard!Compare portStarlifter

Starlifter /�stɑ�lftə/ noun � C-141starlight scope

starlight scope /�stɑ�lat �skəυp/noun a type of image intensifierStars and Stripes

Stars and Stripes /�stɑ�z ən�straps/ noun a national flag of theUnited States of America (USA)star shell

star shell /�stɑ� ʃel/ noun an illumi-nating round used by artilleryStarstreak

Starstreak /�stɑ�stri�k/ noun a Brit-ish-designed surface-to-air missile(SAM)start

start /stɑ�t/ verb to begin an activity �We will start the advance at 0600hrs. �

He started to run.start line

start line /�stɑ�t lan/ noun a real orimaginary line, the crossing of whichmarks the start of an advance, attack orother offensive operation. Abbr SL. �

line of departureStar Wars

Star Wars /�stɑ� �wɔ�z/ noun a medianame for the American Strategic De-fence Initiative (SDI). � NMDstate

state /stet/ noun 1. condition or situ-ation � He was horrified by the state ofthe prisoners. 2. an independent com-munity of people, with its own territory,government and armed forces. � coun-try, nation � plural noun � the StatesUnited States of America (USA)state of hostilities

state of hostilities /�stet əv hɒ|

�stltiz/ noun armed conflictCOMMENT: State of hostilities is nor-mally used to describe a situationwhere fighting occurs between thearmed forces of two states, but theyare not officially at war. Thus, theFalklands conflict of 1982 was de-scribed as a state of hostilities ratherthan a war, because Great Britainnever actually declared war on Ar-gentina.

static

static /�st�tk/ adjective not moving,in a fixed position


static defence 232static defence

static defence /�st�tk d|�fens/noun a defensive doctrine which relieson static defensive positions and the useof attrition to halt an enemy advance.Also known as positional defence.Compare mobile defencestatic line

static line /�st�tk �lan/ noun amethod used to pull a parachute open asthe parachutist jumps out of the aircraft.Compare free-fallstation

station /�steʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a placewhere soldiers are based � He was nothappy at his last station. 2. a base loca-tion for an air-force grouping 3. a regu-lar stopping place on a railway line �

The train finally arrived at the stationtwo hours late. � verb to send a service-man to serve in a particular location � Iwas stationed in Germany.stationary

stationary /�steʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjectivenot moving � He aimed at the station-ary tank.station commander

station commander /�steʃ(ə)n kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun a commanding officerof a RAF unitsteal

steal /sti�l/ verb to take another per-son’s property without his or her agree-ment or permission � Someone has sto-len my helmet. (NOTE: stealing – stole– have stolen. The noun for this verb istheft.)stealth

stealth /stelθ/ adjective referring to anaircraft which is difficult or impossibleto detect by radar and other surveillanceequipment, as a result of its design: e.g.reduced radar cross-section (RCS) andthe use of materials such as radar ab-sorbent material (RAM) and radar-ab-sorbent structural material (RAS) �

Stealth bombers were used in the oper-ation. � B-2, F-117A, F-22steel

steel /sti�l/ noun a metal, made of ironand carbon, which is used in the pro-duction of armour, weapons and vehi-clessteep

steep /sti�p/ adjective (of hills orslopes) to slope at a high anglesteppe

steppe /step/ noun a wide area of un-cultivated grassland with few trees (es-pecially in Russia and Eurasia) (NOTE:The American English term is prairie)

Step Up

Step Up /�step ��p/ noun a smallheadquarters party, which moves for-ward in advance of the main party to setup a new headquarters location; onceStep Up is established, the old head-quarters hands over control of the battleand moves forward to join itstern

stern /st$�n/ noun 1. the rear part of aship. Compare bow 2. a thin sheet ofmetal or plastic or stiff card, out ofwhich letters or numbers or othershapes have been cut, and which isplaced on the surface of an object (e.g.vehicle, container, etc.) and paintedover to reproduce the shapes on the sur-face below � I need stencils for the let-ters A and G. 3. a stiff sheet of plastic,out of which a selection of geometricalshapes have been cut, and which is usedfor drawing tactical symbols on a mapstick

stick /stk/ noun 1. a long thin piece ofwood, which is broken or cut from abranch of a tree 2. a quantity of bombs,which are released by an aircraft at thesame time 3. a group of paratroopers,who jump out of an aircraft during asingle pass over the drop zone (DZ)Stinger

Stinger /�stŋə/ noun an American-designed hand-held surface-to-air mis-sile (SAM)stock

stock /stɒk/ noun a quantity of sup-plies held ready for useStockholm Syndrome

Stockholm Syndrome /�stɒkhəυm�sndrəυm/ noun a psychological reac-tion to fear and stress, in which hostag-es start to feel sympathetic towards theircaptorsSTOL

STOL abbreviation short take-off andlandingstone

stone /stəυn/ noun a small piece ofrock � The sentry heard stones rollingdown the slope. � verb to throw stonesat a person or vehicle � The patrol wasstoned by a group of youths.stonk

stonk /stɒŋk/, stonking noun an at-tack by artillery or mortars (slang) � Wegave the enemy OP a bloody goodstonking!stood to

stood to /�stυd �tu�/ adverb standingto (i.e. awake and at battle stations) �

The battalion was stood to for most ofthe night.


233 Strategic Defence Initiativestop

stop /stɒp/ verb 1. to finish doingsomething � He stopped working. 2. tostop moving and stand still � Stop, or Iwill shoot! 3. to prevent someone orsomething from moving � Our ordersare to stop all vehicles and check thedrivers. 4. to prevent the enemy fromadvancing or successfully completingan attack � The enemy have beenstopped at the river.stoppage

stoppage /�stɒpd%/ noun (of auto-matic or semi-automatic firearms) amechanical failure, which prevents fur-ther firingstore

store /stɔ�/ noun 1. a quantity ofthings, which are kept for future use �

The fire destroyed our store of winterclothing. 2. a place used for storingthings � He works in the clothing store.3. US a shop � Several stores were loot-ed during the riot. � verb to keep thingsfor future usestores

stores /stɔ�z/ plural noun quantities ofdifferent things which are stored for aparticular purpose � We airlifted storesto the garrison.storm

storm /stɔ�m/ noun 1. violent weather,consisting of high wind and rain, snowor hail � The sortie was cancelled be-cause of the storm. 2. � by storm usingforce in order to occupy an enemy posi-tion � the troops took the enemy posi-tions by storm � verb to assault and cap-ture a position or place � The town wasstormed by the 7th Infantry Regiment.storm channel

storm channel /�stɔ�m �tʃ�n(ə)l/noun a ditch designed to receive waterproduced by seasonal rainstormsStorm Shadow

Storm Shadow /�stɔ�m �ʃ�dəυ/noun a cruise missile which was devel-oped for attacking fortified buildingsSTOVL

STOVL abbreviation short take-off andvertical landingstow

stow /stəυ/ verb to pack equipment orsupplies tidily into an aircraft, ship orvehicle � All the equipment has beenstowed ready for take-off.straddle

straddle /�str�d(ə)l/ verb 1. (oftroops, formations or positions) to bepositioned on either side of something �A Company’s position straddles the

main road. 2. (of artillery or mortar fire)to land rounds on either side of a targetstrafe

strafe /stref/ verb (of fighter aircraft)to shoot at targets on the ground, espe-cially along a road, or at ships at sea �

Enemy fighters strafed the advancingcolumn.straggle

straggle /�str�((ə)l/ verb to be unableto keep up with your unit during a longjourney or march � Many of the soldierswere unfit and started to straggle.straggler

straggler /�str�(lə/ noun a soldierwho is unable to keep up with his unitduring a long journey or march � Wecaptured some enemy stragglers.strait

strait /stret/, straits /strets/ noun,plural noun a narrow stretch of sea con-necting two larger areas of sea � thestraits of Gibraltar (NOTE: often used inthe plural)strap

strap /str�p/ noun a long thin piece ofwebbing or leather, which forms part ofa soldier’s load-bearing equipment or isused to fasten objects togetherSTRATCOM

STRATCOM /�str�tkɒm/ noun USthe department of the US forces respon-sible for inter-continental ballistic mis-siles (ICBM) and missile submarines.Full form strategic commandstrategic

strategic /strə |�ti�d%k/ adjective 1.relating to strategy � This town is ofgreat strategic importance. 2. (ofbombs and missiles) directed at the en-emy’s home territory, in order to de-stroy both his civil and his military in-frastructures, thereby reducing his abil-ity to conduct a warstrategic bombing

strategic bombing /strə|�ti�d%k�bɒmŋ/ noun bombing of enemy townsand cities, industrial centres or commu-nications (such as ports and airports,railways, roads, etc.), command cen-tres, missile sites, airfields or any othertarget of strategic importancestrategic command

strategic command /strə|�ti�d%kkə|�mɑ�nd/ noun full form of STRAT-COMStrategic Defence Initiative

Strategic Defence Initiative /strə|

�ti�d%k d|�fens |�nʃətv/ noun anAmerican programme to develop satel-lites which are capable of destroying


strategic mobility 234

enemy missiles in space. � NMD. AbbrSDI. Also called Star Warsstrategic mobility

strategic mobility /strə|�ti�d%k məυ |

�blti/ noun the ability of forces tomove over very great distancesstrategic nuclear weapon

strategic nuclear weapon /strə|

�ti�d%k �nju�kliə �wepən/ noun a largelong-range nuclear weapon designed todestroy targets of strategic importance.Compare tacticalstrategist

strategist /�str�təd%st/ noun a per-son who is concerned with strategy �

Military strategists in the high com-mand recommended a different courseof action.strategy

strategy /�str�təd%i/ noun an art ofusing of large military groupings (suchas armies, corps, fleets, etc.) in order toachieve long-term objectives which willaffect the course of a campaign or war �The commander’s long-term strategywas to wear the enemy down by cuttingoff his supply routes. Compare tactics

COMMENT: Strategy refers to themovement of armies in order toachieve the overall objectives of acampaign or war (for example thecapture of a port, which can be usedto land supplies and reinforcementsfor future operations), while tacticsrefers to the movement of battalions,brigades, divisions and equivalent-sized groupings, in order to achievelocal objectives (for example the de-struction of an enemy battalion,which is defending one of the ap-proaches to the port).

stray round

stray round /�stre �raυnd/ noun abullet or other projectile, which missesthe target at which it was aimed � Hewas killed by a stray round.stream

stream /stri�m/ noun a small riverstreet

street /stri�t/ noun a road with build-ings on each sidestrength

strength /streŋθ/ noun 1. a state ofbeing strong or in large numbers � Thisprojectile will test the strength of thetank’s armour. 2. the number of men,aircraft, ships or vehicles available to agrouping � at full strength having allthe men, aircraft, ships or vehicleswhich one should have � in strength inlarge numbers � The enemy is crossingthe river in strength. � on strength av-

aliable to a unit � We have 875 men onstrength.stretcher

stretcher /�stretʃə/ noun a piece offabric suspended between two poles,which is used to carry an injured personstretcher-bearer

stretcher-bearer /�stretʃə �beərə/noun a person who helps to carry astretcherstretcher-case

stretcher-case /�stretʃə kes/ nouna casualty who needs to be carried on astretcherstrike

strike /strak/ noun 1. (of projectiles,especially missiles) an act of hitting atarget 2. an attack (especially by aircraftor missiles on ground targets) � The laststrike destroyed our fuel dump. � verbto hit someone or something � He wasarrested for striking an officer. � Themissile hit an enemy command post.(NOTE: striking – struck)strike aircraft

strike aircraft /�strak �eəkrɑ�ft/noun a fighter aircraft used to attack tar-gets on the ground. � fighter-bomber(NOTE: The term aircraft is used forboth singular and plural.)string

string /strŋ/ noun a thin line of twist-ed fibres, normally used for binding ob-jects togetherstring of mines

string of mines /�strŋ əv �manz/noun several mines which are connect-ed in such a way that the detonation ofone will cause all the others to detonatetoostrip

strip /strp/ verb 1. (of people) to takeoff all your clothing 2. � to strip downto take a weapon to pieces (for clean-ing)stripe

stripe /strap/ noun a chevron (slang)strip map

strip map /�strp m�p/ noun a simplemap showing a route between two plac-es and any significant features alongthat route, but giving no details of thesurrounding areastripwood

stripwood /�strpwυd/ noun long thinwoodstrobe

strobe /strəυb/ noun a lamp whichproduces intermittent flashes of verybright light and is used by someone onthe ground to attract the attention of air-craft � We switched on the strobe whenwe heard the helicopter.


235 summitstrong point

strong point /�strɒŋ pɔnt/ noun akey point in a defensive position, whichis usually heavily fortified and well-armedStryker

Stryker /�strakə/ noun an eight-wheeled armoured vehicle used by theUS Armystun grenade

stun grenade /�st�n (r|�ned/ noun ablast grenade designed to stun its vic-tim, but not inflict physical injuryStyx

Styx /stks/ noun a NATO name forSoviet-designed P-15 long-range anti-ship missile (ASM)SU-24

SU-24 /�es ju� twenti �fɔ�/ noun a So-viet-designed fighter-bomber (NOTE:known to NATO as Fencer)SU-25

SU-25 /�es ju� twenti �fav/ noun aSoviet-designed ground-attack aircraft(NOTE: known to NATO as Frogfoot)SU-27

SU-27 /�es ju� twenti �sevən/ noun aSoviet-designed fighter aircraft (NOTE:known to NATO as Flanker)sub

sub /s�b/ abbreviation submarinesubaltern

subaltern /�s�bəltən/ noun a lieuten-ant or second lieutenantsub-lieutenant

sub-lieutenant /�s�b lef|�tenənt/noun a junior officer in the navy. AbbrSub-LtSub-Lt

Sub-Lt abbreviation sub-lieutenantsub-machine-gun

sub-machine-gun /�s�bmə |

�ʃi�n(�n/ noun a small hand-held ma-chine-gun, which is carried as a person-al weaponsubmarine

submarine /�s�bmə |�ri�n/ noun a war-ship designed to move and operate un-der water, armed with torpedoes or nu-clear weapons � Submarines attackedand sank three of our ships. � Their shipwas torpedoed by an enemy submarine.submariner

submariner /s�b|�m�rnə/ noun asailor who serves on a submarinesubmerge

submerge /səb |�m$�d%/ verb to go orposition something under water � Thesubmarine has submerged.submunitions

submunitions /�s�bmju�|�nʃənz/plural noun small projectiles, which areoften used in clusters. � TGSMsubordinate

subordinate /sə|�bɔ�dnət/ adjective1. of a lower rank (than another person)� All subordinate commanders will at-

tend the O Group. 2. working under an-other person’s command or supervision� You are subordinate to Captain Jonesfor this operation. � noun a person whoworks under another person’s commandor supervision � He is always rude tohis subordinates.subsonic

subsonic /s�b|�sɒnk/ adjective trav-elling at less than the speed of sound �

This is a subsonic projectile.substantive

substantive /səb|�st�ntv/ adjective(of rank) permanent (as opposed to act-ing or temporary) � He has the substan-tive rank of colonel.sub-unit

sub-unit /�s�b �ju�nt/ noun a group-ing, which forms part of a larger group-ing

COMMENT: A section is a sub-unit of aplatoon; a platoon is a sub-unit of acompany; a company is a sub-unit ofa battalion.

subway

subway /�s�bwe/ noun 1. a tunnelunder a road 2. US an underground rail-waysuffer

suffer /�s�fə/ verb to experience dis-comfort, pain or unhappiness � The ci-vilian population suffered many casual-ties. � We have suffered heavy losses. �

The enemy is suffering from low morale.� After three months on the front line hesuffered a breakdown.suffering

suffering /�s�f(ə)rŋ/ noun an experi-ence of discomfort, pain or unhappinesssuicide bomb

suicide bomb /�su�sad bɒm/ nouna terrorist bombing tactic, where a ter-rorist carries an explosive device ordrives a vehicle containing an explosivedevice up to a target (e.g. a securityforce base) and initiates it, deliberatelykilling himself in the processsuicide bomber

suicide bomber /�su�sad �bɒmə/noun a terrorist who detonates, or at-tempts to detonate, a suicide bombSukhoi

Sukhoi /�sυkɔ/ noun a Soviet-de-signed fighter aircraftSultan

Sultan /�s�ltən/ noun a British-de-signed armoured vehicle, which is de-signed to be used as a mobile commandpostsummit

summit /�s�mt/ noun the highestpoint of a hill or mountain


Sunray 236Sunray

Sunray /�s�nre/ noun the commanderof a unit or sub-unit (radio terminology)� Sunray will be at your location in tenminutes.sunrise

sunrise /�s�nraz/ noun a time atwhich the sun appears over the horizonin the morning. � dawn, first lightsunset

sunset /�s�nset/ noun a time at whichthe sun disappears below the horizon inthe evening. � dusk, last lightSuper Etendard

Super Etendard /�su�pər �etəndɑ�d/noun a French-designed multirole fight-er aircraft, designed to operate from anaircraft carriersuperior

superior /sυ |�pəriə/ adjective 1. ofhigher rank than another person � He isalways rude to superior officers. 2. big-ger or stronger than something else �

We were attacked by a superior force. 3.of better quality than something else �

Our night-viewing equipment is superi-or to the enemy’s. � noun a person whoholds a higher rank than another person� You must obey your superiors. Com-pare inferiorsuperiority

superiority /sυ|�pəri|�ɒrti/ noun astate of being superiorsupernumerary

supernumerary /�su�pə|�nju�mərər/adjective additional to the establish-ment of a grouping � All supernumer-ary personnel will return to their ownunits. � noun an extra or unwanted per-son or thing � All supernumeraries wereordered to move to the rear.superpower

superpower /�su�pəpaυə/ noun anextremely powerful country with greateconomic strength and large armedforces � The USA is the world’s singlesuperpower.supersonic

supersonic /�su�pə|�sɒnk/ adjectivecapable of travelling faster than thespeed of soundSuper Stallion

Super Stallion /�su�pə �st�ljən/noun � CH-53supervise

supervise /�su�pəvaz/ verb to con-trol or guide the actions or work of otherpeople � He is supervising the diggingof the latrines.supervisor

supervisor /�su�pəvazə/ noun a per-son who supervises other people

supervisory

supervisory /�su�pəvazəri/ adjec-tive controlling or guiding the actions orwork of other people � He has been giv-en a supervisory job.supplies

supplies /sə|�plaz/ plural noun itemswhich an army needs in order to carryout its tasks (such as ammunition, food,fuel, etc.) � The enemy is short of sup-plies.supply

supply /sə|�pla/ noun 1. an act of sup-plying something � He is responsiblefor the supply of food. 2. a quantity ofequipment, materiel, etc., which isavailable for use � We have a large sup-ply of fuel. � verb to provide a person orgroup with the things they need � Wehaven’t been supplied with NBC suits.supply depot

supply depot /sə|�pla �depəυ/ noun amilitary establishment, where suppliesare storedsupply dump

supply dump /sə |�pla d�mp/ noun atemporary store of supplies in the fieldsupply point

supply point /sə|�pla pɔnt/ noun atemporary place where military sup-plies and services are issuedsupport

support /sə|�pɔ�t/ noun 1. assistanceor help � B Company are calling forsupport. � in support providing orready to provide support 2. units or sub-units which provide support � Brigadecan’t send us any support. 3. fire sup-port � We are providing support to CCompany during phase 3. � verb 1. toassist or help another person or group 2.to provide fire support to another group-ing � Company B will support us.support company

support company /sə |�pɔ�t�k�mp(ə)ni/ noun a company of an in-fantry battalion, consisting of specialistplatoons (e.g. anti-tank, mortar, recon-naissance, etc.)supporting arms

supporting arms /sə|�pɔ�tŋ �ɑ�mz/plural noun arms which support theteeth arms (e.g., engineers, signals,transport). Compare teeth armssupport weapons

support weapons /sə |�pɔ�t�wepənz/ plural noun specialist weap-ons held by an infantry unit (such asanti-tank weapons, machine-guns, mor-tars, etc.)


237 survival areasuppress

suppress /sə |�pres/ verb to fire at anenemy, in order to prevent him using hisweapons. � neutralize

COMMENT: When suppressing enemyforces, it is not necessary to kill them.The object is simply to make themkeep their heads down.

suppression

suppression /sə|�preʃ(ə)n/ noun anact of suppressingsupreme

supreme /sυ|�pri�m/ adjective mostsenior � the Supreme Commander ofNATO forces in Europe.surface

Supreme Allied Commander At-lantic /sυ|�pri�m ��lad kə|�mɑ�ndər ət|

�l�ntk/ noun full form of SACLANTSupreme Allied Commander Europe

Supreme Allied Commander Eu-rope /sυ|�pri�m ��lad kə|�mɑ�ndə�jυərəp/ noun full form of SACEURSupreme Headquarters, Allied Powers in Europe

Supreme Headquarters, AlliedPowers in Europe noun the mainNATO headquarters in Europe. AbbrSHAPE. � SACEUR, SACLANTsurface

surface /�s$�fs/ noun 1. the outside ofan object 2. the top part of the earth (i.e.the land or sea) � verb (of submarines)to return to the surface of the sea afterbeing under water � We dropped depthcharges in order to try to force the sub-marine to surface.surface-to-air missile

surface-to-air missile /�s$�fs tə�eə �msal/ noun an anti-aircraft mis-sile designed to be fired from theground or from a ship. Abbr SAMsurface-to-surface missile

surface-to-surface missile/�s$�fs tə �s$�fs �msal/ noun a mis-sile designed to be fired from a launcheron the ground or on a ship at a target onthe ground. Abbr SSMsurface vessel

surface vessel /�s$�fs �ves(ə)l/noun a boat or ship which travels on thesurface of water (as opposed to a sub-marine)surgeon

surgeon /�s$�d%ən/ noun a doctorwho specializes in surgerysurgeon-captain

surgeon-captain /�s$�d%ən �k�ptn/noun a naval medical officer with therank of captainsurgery

surgery /�s$�d%əri/ noun the processof treating illness or injury by cuttinginto a person’s body in order to repair orremove damaged tissue or organs � Hewill need surgery.

surgical

surgical /�s$�d%k(ə)l/ adjective relat-ing to surgery � A surgical team is onstand-by.surprise

surprise /sə|�praz/ noun 1. an unex-pected action or event � The raid was acomplete surprise to the enemy. 2. anact of surprising someone � Surprisewill be vital to the success of this oper-ation. � verb 1. to do something unex-pected to another person � We surprisedhim as he was stealing petrol. 2. tomount a surprise attack � We surprisedthe enemy as they were crossing the riv-er.surprise attack

surprise attack /sə |�praz ə|�t�k/noun an attack which is mounted on theenemy when he is not expecting itsurrender

surrender /sə|�rendə/ noun an act ofsurrendering � We don’t know whathappened to him after the surrender. �

At the surrender, the defeated enemygeneral gave up his sword. � verb tostop fighting and hand oneself over tothe enemy � 7 Brigade has surrendered.� Two thousand soldiers surrendered toour unit.surround

surround /sə|�raυnd/ verb 1. to be onall sides of something � The village issurrounded by woods. 2. to positionyour forces on all sides of an enemy, sothat he is unable to escape or be rein-forced � 6 Brigade is surrounded.surveillance

surveillance /sə|�veləns/ noun 1. anymethod which can be used to locate theenemy or observe his activities andmovements or listen to his radio trans-missions � The general places great im-portance on good surveillance. 2. peo-ple or equipment involved in surveil-lance � This manoeuvre is designed toconfuse the enemy surveillance.surveyor

surveyor /sə|�veə/ noun an assistantto a forward observation officer (FOO).Also called OP/acksurvival

survival /sə|�vav(ə)l/ noun an act orprocess of survivingsurvival area

survival area /sə|�vav(ə)l �eəriə/noun a concealed location, to which aunit deploys when war is imminent, be-cause the unit’s peacetime location isprobably registered as a target and maybe attacked as soon as hostilities begin


survival course 238survival course

survival course /sə|�vav(ə)l kɔ�s/noun a series of lessons, lectures andpractical exercises on how to survive ina particular situation � I am going on asurvival course.survive

survive /sə|�vav/ verb to remain alive,in spite of a dangerous situation or life-threatening injury � He survived theplane crash.survivor

survivor /sə|�vavə/ noun a personwho survives � There were no survivorsfrom the massacre.SUSAT

SUSAT noun an optical sight used on acombat rifle. Full form Sight UnitSmall Arms Triluxsuspect

suspect /�s�spekt/ noun a personwho is thought to have committed acrimesustainability

sustainability /sə|�stenə|�blti/ nounthe ability of a force to remain equippedand ready for action during the whole ofan operationsustained fire

sustained fire /sə|�stend �faə/ nounfire from a machine-gun, which hasbeen mounted on a tripod and fittedwith a special sight, so that it can en-gage registered targets at long ranges,even when visibility is poor. Abbr SFswamp

swamp /swɒmp/ noun a thick wood-land growing on wet ground, much ofwhich is permanently under watersweep

sweep /swi�p/ noun a search of an areaof ground or sea � verb to search an areaof ground or sea (especially for mines)� The channel has been swept formines. (NOTE: sweeping – swept)

Swingfire

Swingfire /�swŋfaə/ noun a British-designed wire-guided anti-tank missile(ATGW), usually fired from a variant ofthe AFV-432sword

sword /sɔ�d/ noun a weapon with along blade, formerly used in warfare,but now ceremonial � At the surrender,the defeated enemy general gave up hissword.sword of honour

sword of honour /�sɔ�d əv �ɒnə/noun a sword presented to the best stu-dent in a class at a military collegesynagogue

synagogue /�snə(ɒ(/ noun a build-ing used for religious worship by Jewssynchronize

synchronize /�sŋkrənaz/, syn-chronise /�sŋkrə|�naz/ verb 1. tomake (actions, etc.) happen at the sametime � The attacks were not synchro-nized properly. 2. to adjust clocks orwatches, so that they are all showing thesame time � The commanders forgot tosynchronize their watches at the OGroup.syphon

syphon /�saf(ə)n/ noun anotherspelling of siphonsyrette

syrette /s|�ret/ noun a device similarto a syringe, containing an individualdose of a drug or vaccine, which is de-signed to be carried by a soldier so thathe can inject himself in an emergency �Each man was issued with three syrettesof atropine.syringe

syringe /s|�rnd%/ noun a device, con-sisting of a tube, plunger and needle,which is used to inject liquid into a per-son’s body or to extract blood or otherfluids � We found a syringe in his locker.


TANGO - TtT-54

T-54 /�ti� ffti �fɔ�/ noun a 1950s-eraSoviet-designed main battle tank(MBT) (NOTE: The plural form is T-54s/�ti� |�ffti|�fɔ�z/.)T-62

T-62 /�ti� sksti �tu�/ noun a 1960s-eraSoviet-designed main battle tank(MBT) (NOTE: The plural form is T-62s/�ti� |�sksti|�tu�z/.)T-64

T-64 /�ti� sksti �fɔ�/ noun a 1970s-eraSoviet-designed main battle tank(MBT) (NOTE: The plural form is T-64s/�ti� |�sksti|�fɔ�z/.)T-72

T-72 /�ti� sevənti �tu�/ noun a simplerversion of the Soviet-designed T-64main battle tank, produced for export toWarsaw Pact countries and other alliesof the Soviet Union (NOTE: The pluralform is T-72s /�ti� |�sevənti|�tu�z/.)T-80

T-80 /�ti� �eti/ noun a 1980s-era Sovi-et-designed main battle tank (MBT)(NOTE: The plural form is T-80s /�ti�|

�etiz/.)TA

TA abbreviation Territorial ArmyTAA

TAA abbreviation tactical assemblyareatab

tab /t�b/ noun 1. a small colouredpatch worn on each side of the collar �

The general is the one with the red tabs.2. a march (infantry slang) � We had along tab to our pick-up point. � verb togo on foot (infantry slang) � We weretabbing for most of the night.Tabun

Tabun /tə |�bυn/ noun � GATAC

TAC /t�k/, TAC HQ abbreviation tacti-cal headquartersTACC

TACC /�ti� e si� �si�/ noun US the prin-cipal command centre for air operationsin an operational theatre. Full form tac-tical air command centreTACP

TACP /�t�k �pi�/, Tac-P noun US asmall group, trained to direct close air

support � We’ve got a TACP attached tous for Phase 1. Full form tactical aircontrol party. � FACTACSAT

TACSAT /�t�ks�t/ noun a secure ra-dio system, in which the signal is trans-mitted to a satellite before being redi-rected to another radio with the correctreceiving equipment. Full form tacticalsatellite radiotac-sign

tac-sign /�t�k san/ noun 1. a smallunobtrusive signpost (often markedwith symbols instead of words) � Justfollow the tac-signs. 2. identificationsymbol painted on a vehicle � Our tac-sign is a black triangle. � full form tac-tical signtactic

tactic /�t�ktk/ noun a combination offirepower, formation and manoeuvre,which is used to achieve a military ob-jective

COMMENT: Strategy refers to themovement of armies in order toachieve the overall objectives of acampaign or war (for example thecapture of a port, which can be usedto land supplies and reinforcementsfor future operations), while tacticsrefers to the movement of battalions,brigades, divisions and equivalent-sized groupings, in order to achievelocal objectives (for example the de-struction of an enemy battalion,which is defending one of the ap-proaches to the port).

tactical

tactical /�t�ktk(ə)l/ adjective 1. re-lating to tactics 2. relating to the battle-fieldtactical air command centre

tactical air command centre/�t�ktk(ə)l eə kə|�mɑ�nd �sentə/ nounfull form of TACCtactical air control party

tactical air control party/�t�ktk(ə)l eə kən|�trəυl �pɑ�ti/ nounfull form of TACP


tactical area of responsibility 240tactical area of responsibility

tactical area of responsibility/�t�ktk(ə)l �eəriə əv r|�spɒns|�blti/noun the area of ground defended andpatrolled by a unit or other tacticalgrouping. Abbr TAORtactical bombing

tactical bombing /�t�ktk(ə)l�bɒmŋ/ noun bombing carried out indirect support of ground forcestactical bound

tactical bound /�t�ktk(ə)l �baυnd/noun a distance which ensures that onegroup is close enough to support anoth-er group without the risk of both com-ing under effective fire from the sameenemy � Platoon HQ was moving a tac-tical bound behind the point section.tactical electronic reconnaissance system

tactical electronic reconnais-sance system /�t�ktk(ə)l�elektrɒnk r |�kɒnsəns �sstəm/ nounfull form of TERECtactical exercise without troops

tactical exercise without troops/�t�ktk(ə)l �eksəsaz w|�ðaυt �tru�ps/noun full form of TEWTtactical fighter wing

tactical fighter wing /�t�ktk(ə)l�fatə �wŋ/ noun US a tactical air-forcegrouping of three fighter squadrons plussupporting arms. Abbr TFWtactical headquarters

tactical headquarters /�t�ktk(ə)lhed|�kwɔ�təz/ plural noun a small mo-bile headquarters, used by a command-er when he is moving around the battle-field. Abbr TACtactical mobility

tactical mobility /�t�ktk(ə)l məυ|

�blti/ noun the ability to move forcesto respond to an enemy attacktactical nuclear weapon

tactical nuclear weapon/�t�ktk(ə)l �nju�kliə �wepən/ noun asmall nuclear weapon designed to de-stroy enemy forces on the battlefieldtactical recovery of aircraft and personnel

tactical recovery of aircraft andpersonnel /�t�ktk(ə)l r|�k�v(ə)ri əv�eəkrɑ�ft ən �p$�sə|�nel/ noun full formof TRAPtactical reserves

tactical reserves /�t�ktk(ə)l r|

�z$�vz/ plural noun reserve forces keptfor use in the battlefieldtactical satellite radio

tactical satellite radio /�t�ktk(ə)l�s�təlat �rediəυ/ noun full form ofTACSATtactical sign

tactical sign /�t�ktk(ə)l san/ nounfull form of tac-sign

tactical situation

tactical situation /�t�ktk(ə)l �stjυ|

�eʃ(ə)n/ noun positions, strengths andknown or probable intentions of bothfriendly forces and enemy forces. Com-pare strategictactical withdrawal

tactical withdrawal /�t�ktk(ə)lwð|�drɔ�əl/ noun withdrawal from theenemy as part of a planned manoeuvretactician

tactician /t�k|�tʃ(ə)n/ noun a personwho is an expert at tacticstactics

tactics /�t�ktks/ plural noun the artof employing military forces on the bat-tlefield. Compare strategytail

tail /tel/ noun 1. the rear elements of alarge military force or grouping � Theenemy’s tail is now extremely vulnera-ble to air attack. 2. the rear end of anaircraft (informal ) � Look out! There’s abogey on your tail!tailplane

tailplane /�telplen/ noun a smallwing-like structure at the rear of an air-craft � The tailplane was almost shotaway by cannon fire.tail wind

tail wind /�tel wnd/ noun a windblowing in the same direction as that inwhich an aircraft or ship is travellingtake

take /tek/ verb 1. to acquire � He tooka cigarette from the packet. 2. to capture� The enemy has taken the bridge. � Thepatrol took two prisoners. 3. to remove� Someone has taken my rifle. 4. to car-ry with you � The patrol is taking anight viewing device. 5. to be accompa-nied by � We took a local farmer as aguide. (NOTE: taking – took – have tak-en)take action

take action /�tek ��kʃən/ verb to dosomethingtake off

take off /�tek �ɒf/ verb (of aircraft) toleave the ground � The fighters took offat first light.take-off

take-off /�tek ɒf/ noun an action of anaircraft taking off from the ground �

Take-off at 0630hrs. � The planecrashed on take-off. � Take-off was de-layed by fog.

COMMENT: Vertical take-off is not usu-ally possible when the aircraft is car-rying a full payload of munitions. Insuch cases, the aircraft would needto take off from a runway like anyconventional fixed-wing aircraft. Most


241 tarpaulinvertical take-off aircraft, however, re-quire a considerably shorter distanceto take off than do conventional air-craft, and would therefore be able touse stretches of road or grass areasas runways. Once the aircraft hasdischarged its munitions it would beable to carry out a normal verticallanding. The acronyms STOVL (shorttake-off and vertical landing) andV/STOL (vertical or short take-off andlanding) are used to describe thesecapabilities.

take out

take out /�tek �aυt/ verb to kill or de-stroy � B troop took out six APCs.talc

talc /t�lk/ noun clear plastic sheeting,which is used to cover maps and whichmay be written upon or markedtally

tally /�t�l həυ/, tally ho adverb I haveseen an enemy aircraft or other target(air force terminology)

COMMENT: This expression is takenfrom the sport of foxhunting.

tandem warhead

tandem warhead /�t�ndəm�wɔ�hed/ noun an anti-tank warhead,consisting of two shaped charges posi-tioned one behind the other, which isdesigned to defeat explosive reactive ar-mour (ERA); the first charge activatesthe ERA and the second charge thenpenetrates the main armour underneathTango

Tango /�t�ŋ(əυ/ noun the twentiethletter of the phonetic alphabet (Tt)tank

tank /t�ŋk/ noun 1. an armoured fight-ing vehicle fitted with tracks and a gun2. a large container or structure de-signed to hold liquid or gas � A shell hita fuel storage tank. 3. part of an aircraftor ship or vehicle which contains itsfuel � The plane exploded when a roundhit its fuel tank.tank action

tank action /�t�ŋk ��kʃən/ noun theact of using a gun as a direct-fire weap-on against tankstank commander

tank commander /�t�ŋk kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun an officer in charge of atank or tank unittanker

tanker /�t�ŋkə/ noun 1. an aircraft,ship or vehicle fitted with a tank ortanks designed to carry liquid or gas(especially fuel) 2. a soldier in an ar-mored unittank gunner

tank gunner /�t�ŋk �(�nə/ noun asoldier operating a tank’s guns

tank-heavy task force

tank-heavy task force /�t�ŋk �hevi�tɑ�sk �fɔ�s/ noun three tank companiesand one company of infantrytank transporter

tank transporter /�t�ŋk tr�ns|

�pɔ�tə/ noun a large wheeled vehicle,designed to carry a tank or other ar-moured vehicle over long distances byroadtannoy

tannoy /�t�nɔ/ tdmk a trademark fora system of loudspeakers in a ship orbuilding, which are used to make an-nouncementsTAOR

TAOR abbreviation tactical area of re-sponsibilitytape

tape /tep/ noun 1. a strip of fabric orplastic, used to bind objects together oras a marker or for other purposes 2. amagnetic tape, used for recording sound� He was listening to a tape of militarymusic. � They played back the tape ofthe conversation. � verb 1. to record onmagnetic tape � We have taped some ofthe enemy radio transmissions. 2. � totape off to use mine tape as a barrier orboundary � We have taped off the areaof the explosion.Taps

Taps /t�ps/ noun US a nickname forthe bugle-call ‘Last Post’target

target /�tɑ�(t/ noun any object or areawhich is shot at, fired upon or bombed� They dropped six bombs on the target.� Two of our shells missed the target. �

verb to select as a target � The enemyhave denied that they were targeting ci-vilians.target acquisition

target acquisition /�tɑ�(t ��kw|

�zʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of selecting andlocking onto a target with a weaponguidance systemtarget indication

target indication /�tɑ�(t �nd|

�keʃ(ə)n/ noun a sequence of verbal in-structions for informing your comradesof the exact location of a targettarmac

tarmac /�tɑ�m�k/ tdmk a trademarkfor a road surface made of a mixture oftar and gravel (NOTE: The AmericanEnglish term is asphalt.)tarp

tarp /tɑ�p/ abbreviation tarpaulintarpaulin

tarpaulin /tɑ�|�pɔ�ln/ noun a water-proof sheet used to protect an objectfrom dust or rain


tartan 242tartan

tartan /�tɑ�t(ə)n/ noun a traditionalScottish fabric pattern of coloured linesand checks � Some Scottish regimentswear tartan flashes on their bonnets.task

task /tɑ�sk/ noun something whichmust be done � He failed to completehis task. � We have been given the taskof collecting information on under-ground organizations. � verb to allocatea task � B Company has been tasked forthis mission.task force

task force /�tɑ�sk fɔ�s/ noun 1. a UScombined arms grouping based on aninfantry or tank battalion (NOTE: TheBritish equivalent is battle group; theUS Marine Corps equivalent is battal-ion landing team (BLT).) 2. a largecombined arms grouping formed for aspecific operation or campaign � Thegovernment is sending a task force tothe area. � joint task force 3. an outdat-ed British Army term for an armouredbrigade

COMMENT: An American task forceoften organizes its companies intocombined arms groupings known ascompany teams, containing a mix oftank platoons and mechanized infan-try platoons. The exact compositionwill depend on the tactical require-ment at the time. The British equiva-lents of company teams are knownas company and squadron groupsand squadron and companygroups.

team

team /ti�m/ noun a group of peoplewho work togethertear agent

tear agent /�tə �ed%ənt/ noun achemical agent designed to irritate theeyes and throat, normally used forcrowd controltear gas

tear gas /�tə (�s/ noun a chemicalagent which irritates the eyes and makespeople choke. � CS gastechnical

technical /�teknk(ə)l/ adjective relat-ing to instruments, machinery, radios,weapons, etc.technical arrangements

technical arrangements, techni-cal agreements plural noun agree-ments reached between commanders ofdifferent NATO forces regarding theimplementation of higher level agree-ments on the ground. Also called de-tailed support arrangements

technical officer

technical officer /�teknk(ə)l �ɒfsə/noun an officer who has technical skills,e.g. in engineering or communicationstechnical quartermaster

technical quartermaster/�teknk(ə)l �kwɔ�tə|�mɑ�stə/ noun anofficer (with a quartermaster commis-sion) responsible for all technicalequipment and machinery held by a bat-talion or equivalent-sized grouping.Abbr TQMtechnical quartermaster sergeant

technical quartermaster ser-geant /�teknk(ə)l �kwɔ�təmɑ�stə�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun a warrant officer whoassists the technical quartermaster of abattalion or equivalent-sized grouping.Abbr TQMStechnical sergeant

technical sergeant /�teknk(ə)l�sɑ�d%ənt/ noun US a senior non-com-missioned officer in the air forcetechnician

technician /tek|�nʃ(ə)n/ noun a per-son trained in the repair and mainte-nance of technical equipmentteeth arms

teeth arms /�ti�θ �ɑ�mz/ plural nounbranches of the armed forces which ac-tually fight (such as armour, artillery,infantry). Compare supporting armsTEL

TEL /�ti� i� �el/ noun a vehicle designedto carry and launch a surface-to-surfacemissile (SSM). Full form transporter-erector-launcher. � MELtelescope

telescope /�telskəυp/ noun an opti-cal instrument formed of a single longtube with lenses at both ends, designedfor looking at distant objects � He ex-amined the bridge through a powerfultelescope. � field-glasses, binocularstelescopic

telescopic /�tel|�skɒpk/ adjective 1.relating to a telescope 2. made in sec-tions which slide together, for ease ofcarriage or storage � telescopic antennatelescopic sight

telescopic sight /�telskɒpk �sat/noun a small telescope used as a sightfor a rifletemplate

template /�tem |�plet/ noun 1. a sim-ple mathematical instrument for work-ing out the danger area for a field-firingrange, consisting of a thin piece of plas-tic cut to specific angles and measure-ments � On this course, officers areshown how to construct and applyrange templates. 2. a range danger area,


243 TFW

marked on a map by means of a tem-plate � That road is inside the template.tenable

tenable /�tenəb(ə)l/ adjective possibleto defend � Our position is no longertenable.tent

tent /tent/ noun a portable sheltermade of waterproof fabric, which issupported by poles � The unit will behoused in tents for the period of the ex-ercises.TEREC

TEREC /�terek/ noun an airborne ra-dar receiving system used for the loca-tion of enemy radar sites. Full form tac-tical electronic reconnaissance sys-temterminally guided

terminally guided /�t$�mnəli�(add/ adjective capable of guiding it-self automatically towards its own tar-getterminally guided submunitions

terminally guided submunitions/�t$�mn(ə)li �(add �s�bmju� |�nʃənz/plural noun full form of TGSMterminally guided warhead

terminally guided warhead/�t$�mn(ə)li �(add �wɔ�hed/ noun ananti-tank missile which uses a radarseeker to search for suitable targets.Abbr TGWterminate

terminate /�t$�mnet/ verb 1. to fin-ish something � We will have to termi-nate the conference now. 2. US to kill �He has been terminated.terrace

terrace /�terəs/ noun one of a series oflevel areas constructed on the side of ahill, in order to cultivate cropsterraced housing

terraced housing /�tert �haυzŋ/noun a line of houses along a street orroad, which are all joined to each otherterrain

terrain /tə|�ren/ noun 1. ground 2. atype of land (such as desert, farmland,mountains, woodland, etc.) � The attackwill be launched through wooded ter-rain.terrain feature

terrain feature /tə |�ren �fi�tʃə/ nounpart of a landscape, e.g. a mountain orriverterrain-orientated mission

terrain-orientated mission /tə |

�ren �ɔ�riəntetd �mʃ(ə)n/ noun amission with the principal aim of eithercapturing or holding ground. � MOPPterrier

terrier /�teriə/ noun a member of theTerritorial Army (TA) (informal) �

We’re being relieved by a battalion ofterriers.territorial

territorial /�ter|�tɔ�riəl/ adjective re-lating to the territory of a state � noun amember of the Territorial Army � 200territorials were sent to the area.Territorial Army

Territorial Army /�terətɔ�riəl �ɑ�mi/noun a volunteer force of part-time sol-diers, designed to reinforce the regulararmy in the event of war. Abbr TAterritorial waters

territorial waters /�tertɔ�riəl�wɔ�təz/ plural noun an area of seacoming under the jurisdiction of a state� The ship was attacked in French terri-torial waters.territory

territory /�tert(ə)ri/ noun an area orregion coming under the control or ju-risdiction of a state or military force �

The squad wandered into enemy-occu-pied territory.terrorism

terrorism /�terərz(ə)m/ noun the useof physical violence to intimidate a gov-ernment or the general public, in orderto achieve political objectivesterrorist

terrorist /�terərst/ noun a person in-volved in terrorism

COMMENT: The use of this word isvery much a question of perception.A terrorist in one person’s view mayvery well be seen as a freedomfighter by another person holdingopposing views.

tetanus

tetanus /�tet(ə)nəs/ noun a some-times fatal bacterial disease, an infec-tion affecting the nervous systemcaused by Clostridium tetani in the soil;it affects the spinal cord and causesspasms in the muscles which occur firstin the jawTEWT

TEWT /�tju�t/ noun an exercise involv-ing only the command elements of atactical grouping, who examine an areaof ground in order to plan and then dis-cuss a hypothetical military operation �We are going on a TEWT tomorrow.Full form tactical exercise withouttroopsTEZ

TEZ abbreviation 1. tactical exclusionzone 2. total exclusion zoneTF

TF abbreviation task forceTFW

TFW abbreviation tactical fighter wing


TGSM 244TGSM

TGSM /�ti� d%i� es �em/ noun smallanti-armour projectiles, which are re-leased by a missile over a target areaand which then independently seek outand attack their own targets. Full formterminally guided submunitionsTGW

TGW /�ti� d%i� �d�bl(ə)ju�/ abbrevia-tion terminally guided warheadtheater

theater /�θətə/ noun US spelling oftheatretheatre

theatre /�θətə/ noun an area in whichoperations are being carried out � Stra-tegic mobility implies the ability of forc-es to move rapidly between theatres.theft

theft /θeft/ noun an act of stealingthermal

thermal /�θ$�m(ə)l/ adjective relatingto heatthermal identification panel

thermal identification panel/�θ$�m(ə)l a|�dentf|�keʃ(ə)n�p�n(ə)l/ noun a battle command iden-tification system consisting of panelswhich are attached to vehicles and uni-forms and which radiate heat and glowwhen they are viewed through infraredoptical devices. They show whether thevehicles and troops belong to friendlyforces.thermal image

thermal image /�θ$�m(ə)l �md%/noun an image produced by equipmentwhich can identify the varying levels ofheat given off by different objects. AbbrTIthermal imager

thermal imager /�θ$�m(ə)l �md%ə/noun an optical instrument which pro-duces a thermal image. Abbr TIthermal imaging sight

thermal imaging sight /�θ$�m(ə)l�md%ŋ �sat/ noun a weapon sight de-signed around a thermal imager. AbbrTISthermal radiation

thermal radiation /�θ$�m(ə)l �redi|

�eʃ(ə)n/ noun the rays of heat and lightgiven off by a nuclear explosionthermobaric bomb

thermobaric bomb /�θ$�məυb�rk�bɒmb/ noun a bomb that sends out acloud of explosive material which thenignites and so creates a pressure wavethermos

thermos /�θ$�mɒs/ tdmk a trademarkfor a container designed to keep drinkshot for several hours � I took a thermosof tea out to the gun position.

threat

threat /θret/ noun 1. something whichis dangerous or hostile � The partisansare posing a major threat to our supplyroutes. 2. enemy forces � The mainthreat is from the east. 3. a statement de-claring a person’s intention to do harm� He was making threats to other peo-ple in the bar.threaten

threaten /�θret(ə)n/ verb 1. to ma-noeuvre against � The enemy is threat-ening our left flank. 2. to say that youintend to do harm to someone � Hethreatened me. � He threatened to shootme.three-star general

three-star general /�θri� stɑ��d%en(ə)rəl/ noun a lieutenant generalthroat-mike

throat-mike /�θrəυt mak/ noun a ra-dio microphone which is strapped to theuser’s throat and utilizes the vibrationsfrom his vocal cordsthrust

thrust /θr�st/ noun an advance � G2reports a strong enemy thrust in the di-rection of Prague. � verb to move for-ward with force � The invaders thruston towards the capital.thumbs-up

thumbs-up /�θ�m �z�p/ noun a ges-ture, consisting of a clenched fist withthe thumb pointing upwards, which in-dicates that everything is alright, or thatthe next phase of an activity may pro-ceed � Once the minefield wasbreached, he gave a thumbs-up to thecompany commander. � to give some-thing the thumbs-up to approve acourse of action � The operation hasbeen given the thumbs-up.Thunderbolt

Thunderbolt /�θ�ndəbəυlt/ nounsame as A-10thunderbox

thunderbox /�θ�ndəbɒks/ noun a la-trine, usually consisting of a box-seatpositioned over a pit (slang) � As a pun-ishment, you can clean out the thunder-box.thunderflash

thunderflash /�θ�ndəfl�ʃ/ noun apyrotechnic device, producing a smallexplosion but no shrapnel or other dan-gerous fragments, which is designed tosimulate artillery or grenade explosionson training exercisesTI

TI abbreviation 1. thermal image 2.thermal imager


245 torpedotick

tick /tk/ noun a small insect which at-taches itself to an animal’s skin in orderto suck its bloodtidal

tidal /�tad(ə)l/ adjective affected bytides � The river is tidal as far as Car-rick-on-Suir.tide

tide /tad/ noun the rise and fall of thesea which takes place twice a daytilt-switch

tilt-switch /�tlt swtʃ/ noun a devicefor initiating an explosive device (espe-cially booby traps), consisting of asmall glass or plastic container, fittedwith a positive and a negative electricwire and half-filled with mercury; whenthe container is moved, the mercuryflows over the exposed ends of the twowires, completing the electrical circuitand thus initiating the explosion

COMMENT: Terrorist bombs whichhave been designed to be initiated bytimer or remote control, are often fit-ted with a tilt-switch as well, in caseanyone tries to remove or defuse thedevice

time-bomb

time-bomb /�tam bɒm/ noun a bombdetonated by a time mechanismtime phased force deployment list

time phased force deploymentlist /�tam �fezd fɔ�s d|�plɔmənt lst/noun full form of TPFDLtimer

timer /�tamə/ noun a device for arm-ing or initiating an improvised explo-sive device (IED) at a pre-set time �

They used a small alarm clock as a tim-er.timing

timing /�tamŋ/ noun a time at whichan event is scheduled to occur � All thetimings were changed at the last mo-ment. � He sent a list of timings to HQ.

COMMENT: Military timings are alwaysgiven using the twenty-four hourclock, usually followed by the wordhours which is abbreviated to hrs.Thus, 8.15am is 0815hrs, 1pm is1300hrs, 6.30pm is 1830hrs, etc.NATO forces normally use Green-wich Mean Time (GMT) for their tim-ings. This is known as Zulu time (forexample: H-Hour at 0645Z. The timeof the country in which one is operat-ing is known as local time.

tin

tin /tn/ noun a metal container inwhich food or drink is hermeticallysealed for storage over long periods �

We found some tins of meat left in the

camp. (NOTE: In American English, canis more usual.)T intersection

T intersection /�ti� �ntə|�sekʃən/noun US same as T-junctiontire

tire /�taə/ noun US spelling of tyreTIS

TIS abbreviation thermal imaging sightT-junction

T-junction /�ti� �d%�ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun aplace where two roads meet at right an-gles to each otherTNT

TNT /�ti� en �ti�/ noun a type of highexplosive. Full form trinitrotolueneTOGS

TOGS /tɒ(z/ abbreviation thermal ob-servation gunnery sightTomahawk

Tomahawk /�tɒməhɔ�k/ noun anAmerican-designed cruise missileTomcat

Tomcat /�tɒmk�t/ noun � F-14ton

ton /t�n/ noun 1. a unit of weight cor-responding to 1,016.05 kilograms (longton) 2. US a unit of weight correspond-ing to 907.19 kilograms (short ton)tonne

tonne /t�n/ noun a unit of weight cor-responding to 1,000 kilograms (metricton)topographical crest

topographical crest/�tɒpə(r�fk(ə)l �krest/ noun an actualcrest from which the bottom of theslope may not be visibletop secret

top secret /�tɒp �si�krət/ adjectivehighest security classification for docu-ments and information � That informa-tion is classified top secret. � He leftsome top-secret documents on the backseat of a taxi.torch

torch /tɔ�tʃ/ noun a hand-held battery-powered device for producing light �

He used a torch to attract attention. �

flashlight � verb to set fire to some-thing (informal) � They torched the vil-lage.Tornado

Tornado /tɔ�|�nedəυ/ noun a Brit-ish/German/Italian-designed fighteraircraftTornado F-3

Tornado F-3 /tɔ�|�nedəυ ef �θri�/noun a long-range interceptorTornado GR.1

Tornado GR.1 /tɔ�|�nedəυ d%i� ɑ��w�n�/ noun a multirole fighter opti-mized for ground-attacktorpedo

torpedo /tɔ�|�pi�dəυ/ noun an under-water missile, designed to explodewhen it hits a ship � verb to hit (and


torpedo-boat 246

sink) a ship using a torpedo � Their shipwas torpedoed by an enemy submarine.torpedo-boat

torpedo-boat /tɔ�|�pi�dəυ bəυt/ nouna small fast-moving warship, designedto fire torpedos at other shipstorpedo tube

torpedo tube /tɔ�|�pi�dəυ tju�b/ nouna barrel through which a torpedo is firedfrom a submarinetorture

torture /�tɔ�tʃə/ noun a deliberate actof inflicting pain on a person (usually inorder to extract information) � The ene-my is known to use torture. � The pris-oner died under torture. � verb to delib-erately inflict pain on another person �

The rebels have been torturing civil-ians.toss-bombing

toss-bombing /�tɒs �bɒmŋ/ noun anattack where bombs are released as theaircraft is making a shallow climb athigh speed; the bombs’ trajectories thencarry them forward a considerable dis-tance before they hit the ground, mak-ing it unnecessary for the aircraft topass directly over its targetTOT

TOT abbreviation time over targettotal personnel strength

total personnel strength /�təυt(ə)l�p$�sə|�nel �streŋθ/ noun the totalnumber of personnel available for anoperationtouch

touch /t�tʃ/ verb to come into physicalcontact with another thing � Hecouldn’t touch the dead man. � nounphysical contact � I can’t stand thetouch of a dead body. � in touch radiocontact with another call-sign (radio ter-minology) � Are you in touch with 33? �to get in touch to establish radio con-tact with another call sign � Get intouch with 22B and ask them for a SI-TREP.touch down

touch down /�t�tʃ �daυn/ verb (of air-craft) to land � The aircraft toucheddown at 1500 hrs.tour

tour /tυə/ noun a period of operationalduty � The regiment has just completedits second tour of duty in the region.tourniquet

tourniquet /�tɔ�nke/ noun an act oftwisting a stick through a bandagewhich is bound around a limb, in orderto constrict the artery and thus reducethe bleeding from a serious wound � Heapplied a tourniquet.

COMMENT: A tourniquet can do moreharm than good if it is incorrectly ap-plied.

tow

tow /təυ/ verb to move a vehicle, air-craft or ship by pulling it � We had totow the tank off the battlefield. � nounan act of pulling a vehicle behind anoth-er one using e.g. a rope � The broken-down truck was on tow.TOW

TOW /təυ/ noun an American-de-signed anti-tank missile. Full formtube-launched, optically-tracked,wire-guided missiletower

tower /�taυə/ noun a tall structure, usu-ally built for observation or defencetown

town /taυn/ noun a large settlementtoxic

toxic /�tɒksk/ adjective poisonous �

Clouds of toxic gas rose from the burn-ing supply dump.TP

TP abbreviation troopTPFDL

TPFDL /�ti� pi� ef di� �el/ noun US adocument showing the order in whichunits and groupings deploy to an area ofoperations. Full form time phasedforce deployment listTPr

TPr abbreviation trooperTQM

TQM abbreviation technical quarter-masterTQMS

TQMS abbreviation technical quarter-master sergeantTR-1

TR-1 /�ti� ɑ� �w�n/ noun an American-designed high-altitude reconnaissanceaircrafttrace

trace /tres/ noun a piece of transpar-ent paper or plastic, marked withboundaries, positions, routes, and otherinformation relating to an operation,which is designed to be placed over amap as a means of briefing the partici-pants. Also called overlaytracer

tracer /�tresə/ noun a bullet which isdesigned to ignite after firing and burnin flight, so that the fall of shot can beobserved. Also called incendiary bul-lettracer bullet

tracer bullet /�tresə �bυlt/ nounsame as incendiary bullettrack

track /tr�k/ noun 1. marks on theground, made by the movement of aperson or vehicle � We followed thetracks of the convoy. 2. a rough path or


247 transit

road � Someone is moving along thetrack. � There are several tracksthrough the wood. 3. a railway line �

The track has been blown up in severalplaces. 4. a moving band of metal linksfitted around the wheels of a tank orother armoured vehicle, enabling it tomove over soft or uneven ground � Thetank came off the road when it lost atrack. � half-track � verb 1. to followthe track of a person or vehicle � Thedeserters were tracked to the local rail-way station. 2. to follow the movementof an aircraft, vehicle or ship using sur-veillance equipment or a missile guid-ance system � They were unable totrack the aircraft. � We are beingtracked.tracked

tracked /tr�kd/ adjective (of ar-moured vehicles) fitted with trackstracker dog

tracker dog /�tr�kə dɒ(/ noun a dogtrained to follow the smell of a persontracking

tracking /�tr�kŋ/ noun the act of fol-lowing the movement of an aircraft, ve-hicle or ship using surveillance equip-ment or a missile guidance systemtrade

trade /tred/ noun 1. a general term forthe business of buying and sellinggoods (especially between differentcountries) � The war has severely dis-rupted all trade in the region. 2. targets(especially enemy aircraft) (air-forcejargon) � Hello Fruitbat, this is Merlin.I have some trade for you, north-west ofMinden.traffic

traffic /�tr�fk/ noun 1. vehicles mov-ing on a road � The convoy was delayedby heavy traffic. 2. a mass of messageson radio � There is too much unneces-sary traffic on this net.trail

trail /trel/ adjective relating to the sub-sequent waves of an advancing force,which are in a position to reinforce theleading elements or take over the leadwhen required � The enemy trail unitswere broken up by our airstrikes. � fol-low-on forces � noun 1. a rough pathor track � The patrol made its way upthe trail. 2. marks on the ground, madeby the movement of a person or vehicle� We followed the trail left by enemysoldiers. 3. a structure at the rear of anartillery piece, which enables it to be

towed by a vehicle � He fell over thetrail of the gun. 4. the way in which abomb falls behind an aircraft after it hasbeen dropped, because the aircraft’sforward speed is greater than that of thebombtrailer

trailer /�trelə/ noun a vehicle with noengine, designed to be towed by anothervehicletrain

train /tren/ noun 1. several railwaycarriages towed by a railway engine �

The battalion will move by train. 2. acolumn of vehicles carrying supplies,which accompanies a military force �

The enemy has captured our train. �

verb 1. to teach or instruct � He hasbeen trained in the use of explosives. 2.(of artillery) to point a gun � Theytrained their guns on the town.trainer

trainer /�trenə/ noun an aircraft usedfor trainingtraining

training /�trenŋ/ noun the teachingand practice of military skills � We weresent to signals school for training. � Theunit spent two weeks in Norway under-going Arctic training.traitor

traitor /�tretə/ noun a person who as-sists an enemy power against the inter-ests of his own statetrajectory

trajectory /trə|�d%ekt(ə)ri/ noun thecurved flight of a projectile from theweapon to the point of impact � Mor-tars fire projectiles with a very high tra-jectory.transceiver

transceiver /tr�n|�si�və/ noun a com-bined radio receiver and transmittertransfer

transfer /�tr�nsf$�/ noun an action ofmoving someone or something to a dif-ferent positiontransfer of authority

transfer of authority /�tr�nsf$� əvɔ�|�θɒrti/ noun the action of passing au-thority over forces from one command-er to another, or from a national com-mand to a NATO commandtransistor

transistor /tr�n |�zstə/ noun part of aradio which amplifies the signal re-ceivedtransit

transit /�tr�nst/ noun movementfrom one location to another � in tran-sit moving from one location to another� The equipment was damaged in tran-sit.


transit camp 248transit camp

transit camp /�tr�nst k�mp/ nouna camp providing temporary accommo-dation for people who are moving fromone location to anothertransmission

transmission /tr�nz|�mʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of sending a radio signaltransmit

transmit /tr�nz|�mt/ verb 1. to send aradio signal � We were unable to trans-mit the signal. 2. to infect with a disease� The disease is transmitted by a para-site.transmitter

transmitter /tr�nz|�mtə/ noun an ap-paratus used to send a radio signal � Wefound a transmitter hidden in the atticof the farmhouse.transport

transport /�tr�nspɔ�t/ noun 1. an actof moving people or things by aircraft,ship or vehicle � The transport of thebrigade will be carried out by aircraft.2. an aircraft, ship or vehicle used totransport people or things � They stayedin the camp for ten days, waiting fortransport. � verb to move people orthings by aircraft, ship or vehicle � Thetanks were transported by train.transportation

transportation /�tr�nspɔ�|�teʃ(ə)n/noun same as transporttransport helicopter

transport helicopter /�tr�nspɔ�t�helkɒptə/ noun a helicopter designedto transport men or equipment. � chop-per, gunship, rotary-wing aircrafttrap

trap /tr�p/ noun a deception or trickwhich encourages a person to placehimself in a dangerous situation fromwhich there is no escape � B Companyhave walked straight into a trap. � verbto place a person in a dangerous situa-tion from which there is no escape � 3Brigade has been trapped by the enemyencirclement. � The pilot was trappedin his cockpit.TRAP

TRAP /tr�p/ noun a mission to recov-er an aircraft and its crew, after beingshot down or crashing in enemy territo-ry. Full form tactical recovery of air-craft and personneltrapdoor

trapdoor /�tr�p|�dɔ�/ noun a smalldoor or hatch in a ceiling, floor or rooftraveller

traveller /�tr�v(ə)lə/ noun 1. a personwho travels from one place to another 2.same as gipsy

traverse

traverse /trə |�v$�s/ noun a pair ofright-angled bends in a trench, which isdesigned to prevent anyone firing up theentire length (in the event of the enemycapturing part of the trench) � verb 1. tomove across an area of ground � We hadto traverse 200m of open field. 2. (ofguns) to move the barrel sideways whenaiming or firing � Traverse left!treachery

treachery /�tretʃəri/ noun an act ofbetraying your country or comradestreason

treason /�tri�z(ə)n/ noun an act whichthreatens the interests or security ofyour own statetreaty

treaty /�tri�ti/ noun a legal agreementmade between countries, e.g. to form analliance or set out peace terms after awartreeline

treeline /�tri�lan/ noun 1. a line oftrees � There is an enemy OP in thattreeline. 2. the edge of a forest or wood� We stopped at the treeline. 3. an alti-tude above which trees cannot survive �The patrol moved back down to thetreeline.trembler

trembler /�tremblə/ noun a device de-signed to initiate an explosive device atthe slightest movement. � tilt-switchtrench

trench /trentʃ/ noun a narrow hole orchannel dug into the ground, in order toprovide protection from enemy fire

COMMENT: The length of a trench canvary from a few metres to several kil-ometres, depending upon the tacticalrequirement at the time. During theFirst World War (1914–18), both theAllies and the Germans occupiedtrench systems which extended,without a break, from the North Seato the Alps.

trench foot

trench foot /�trentʃ �fυt/ noun a se-vere fungal infection of the feet, causedby wearing wet boots over a long periodtrews

trews /tru�z/ noun trousers of tartancloth, worn by some Scottish regimentstriage

triage /�tri�ɑ�%/ noun the process of as-sessing a casualty’s priority for medicaltreatment according to the nature of hisinjuries � We’ll set up triage over there.triangulate

triangulate /tra|��ŋ(jυlet/ verb 1.to locate a radio using direction-findingequipment, by taking bearings on itsemissions from three different locations


249 Tropics

and then seeing where the bearings in-tersect on a map 2. to calculate your po-sition by working out the back-bearingsfrom three known or probable referencepoints and then seeing where the back-bearings intersect on a maptriangulation point

triangulation point /tra|��ŋ(jυ |

�leʃ(ə)n �pɔnt/ noun a small concreteor stone pillar, designed to serve as afirm base for cartographers’ surveyinginstruments. Also called trig point

COMMENT: Triangulation points arepermanent structures, and are repre-sented on maps by a triangle with adot in the centre.

tribal

tribal /�trab(ə)l/ adjective relating totribes � The civil war is essentially atribal conflict.tribe

tribe /trab/ noun a group of familiesor communities sharing a common lan-guage or dialect, distinct ethnic or reli-gious links, and a strong sense of groupidentity and loyalty to their own leaders� In Nigeria, the two main tribes are theIbo and the Yoruba.

COMMENT: The word tribe has rathera primitive connotation, and is reallyonly applicable to communities incertain developing countries, espe-cially Africa.

tributary

tributary /�trbjυt(ə)ri/ noun a riveror stream which flows into a larger rivertricolor

tricolor adjective US spelling of tri-colourtricolour

tricolour /�trak�lə/ noun a flag con-sisting of three different blocks of col-our (usually side by side) � The Frenchnational flag is a tricolour of blue,white and red.trigger

trigger /�tr(ə/ noun a moving leverwhich releases the firing mechanism ofa guntrigger-happy

trigger-happy /�tr(ə �h�pi/ adjec-tive lacking in judgement when usingfirearms, willing to shoot at randomtrig point

trig point /�tr( pɔnt/ noun same astriangulation pointtrinitrotoluene

trinitrotoluene /tranatrəυ|

�tɒljυi�n/ noun � TNTtrip

trip /trp/ verb to stumble or fall as a re-sult of catching your legs in something� He tripped over an ammunition box.

trip-flare

trip-flare /�trp fleə/ noun a flarewhich is activated by a trip-wireTriple-A

Triple-A abbreviation anti-aircraft ar-tillerytriplicate

triplicate /�trplkət/ noun a thirdcopy of a document � in triplicate inthree copiestripod

tripod /�trapɒd/ noun a three-leggedstand designed to support a weapon orother piece of equipmenttripwire

tripwire /�trpwaə/ noun a wirewhich is stretched horizontally close tothe ground, in order to activate an ex-plosive device, trip-flare or other devicewhen someone trips over ittroop

troop /tru�p/ noun 1. a platoon-sizedarmoured grouping of three or moretanks 2. a platoon-sized artillery group-ing of two or more guns 3. a platoon-sized grouping in certain supportingarms, such as engineers 4. US a compa-ny-sized armoured cavalry grouping ofthree or more platoons � abbr Tptroop commander

troop commander /�tru�p kə|

�mɑ�ndə/ noun the officer in commandof a trooptrooper

trooper /�tru�pə/ noun a private sol-dier in an armoured regiment. Abbr Tpr(NOTE: also used as a title: Trooper Wil-liams)Trooping the Colour

Trooping the Colour /�tru�pŋ ðə�k�lə/ noun a ceremonial parade wherea unit’s colours are displayed to thetroopstroops

troops /tru�ps/ noun soldiers in gener-al � Troops are being deployed in the re-gion. � The enemy fell back, their troopswere tired and demoralized. � Britishtroops entered the capital on Fridaymorning.troopship

troopship /�tru�pʃp/ noun a ship de-signed or adapted to transport troopstropical

tropical /�trɒpk(ə)l/ adjective 1. re-lating to the Tropics � We had to getused to tropical conditions. 2. designedfor use in hot climates � Tropical cloth-ing will be issued for the operation.Tropics

Tropics /�trɒpks/ noun � the Tropicsthe region between latitudes 23º 28N(Tropic of Cancer) and 23º 28S (Tropicof Capricorn)


truce 250truce

truce /tru�s/ noun an agreement byboth sides to stop fighting � Both sidesagreed to sign a truce. � armistice,ceasefiretruck

truck /tr�k/ noun a large wheeled ve-hicle designed to transport men, equip-ment or supplies (NOTE: British Englishalso uses the word lorry.)tsetse fly

tsetse fly /�tetsi fla, �setsi fla/ nounan African insect, whose bite can causeAfrican trypanosomiasis or sleepingsickness � That region is infested withtsetse flies.TU-16

TU-16 /�ti�ju� sk|�sti�n/ noun a Soviet-designed medium bomber aircraft(NOTE: known to NATO as Badger)TU-22

TU-22 /�ti�ju� �|�twentitu�/ noun a So-viet-designed medium bomber aircraft(NOTE: known to NATO as Blinder; astrategic variant of this aircraft is knownas Backfire)TU-95

TU-95 /�ti�ju� �nanti|�fav/ noun a So-viet-designed strategic bomber aircraft(NOTE: known to NATO as the Bear)TU-160

TU-160 /�ti�ju� �w�n|�sksti/ noun aSoviet-designed strategic bomber air-craft (NOTE: known to NATO as theBlackjack)tube

tube /tju�b/ noun a cylindrical con-tainer � a tube of cam-creamtube-launched, optically-tracked, wire-guided missile

tube-launched, optically-tracked, wire-guided missilenoun full form of TOWtumulus

tumulus /�tju�mjυləs/ noun a smallman-made mound, usually marking thesite of an ancient grave (NOTE: The plu-ral form is tumuli.)tunic

tunic /�tju�nk/ noun a close-fittingjacket, worn as part of a ceremonial uni-form � The soldiers wore red tunics.tunnel

tunnel /�t�n(ə)l/ noun a man-madepassage dug under the ground orthrough a hill � Terrorists have blownup the railway tunnel. � We found a sys-tem of tunnels under the enemy posi-tion. � verb to dig a tunnel � They man-aged to escape by tunnelling under theprison wall.turf

turf /t$�f/ noun a layer of grass and thesoil surrounding its roots, which can beremoved from the ground intact or in

sections � The turf is used to camou-flage the parapet and parados.turning movement

turning movement /�t$�nŋ�mu�vmənt/ noun a manoeuvre de-signed to force an enemy to change hispositions to meet a new threat, usuallyachieved by advancing on him from anunexpected direction (e.g. from a flank)turret

turret /�t�rt/ noun a revolving guncompartment on an aircraft or armouredfighting vehicle (AFV) or warshipturret-mounted

turret-mounted /�t�rt �maυntd/adjective referring to a gun which is fit-ted inside a turrettwenty-four hour clock

twenty-four hour clock /�twentifɔ� aυə �klɒk/ noun � timingtwin

twin /twn/ adjective fitted as a pairtwin-barrelled

twin-barrelled /�twn �b�rəld/ ad-jective with two barrelstwin-mounted machine-guns

twin-mounted machine-guns/�twn �maυntd mə|�ʃi�n �(�nz/ pluralnoun two machine-guns mounted coax-ially2IC

2IC /�tu� a �si�/ abbreviation second incommand2Lt

2Lt abbreviation second lieutenanttwo-pronged attack

two-pronged attack /�tu� prɒŋd ə|

�t�k/ noun an attack mounted on twodifferent parts of the enemy’s line at thesame timetwo-star general

two-star general /�tu� stɑ��d%en(ə)rəl/ noun a major generaltwo-up

two-up /�tu� �w�p/ adverb in a tacticalformation in which two sub-units areleading abreast of each other, and thethird sub-unit is following � We’ll be as-saulting two-up. Compare one-up

COMMENT: This formation is suitablefor an assault.

typhoid fever

typhoid fever /�tafɔd �fi�və/ nounan infection of the intestine, caused bySalmonella typhi in food and watertyphus

typhus /�tafəs/ noun an infectious fe-ver caused by the Rikettsia bacterium,which is transmitted by lice

COMMENT: Epidemics of typhus arevery common in wartime due to abreakdown in hygiene and sanitation.

tyre

tyre /�taə/ noun a circular rubber cov-er containing an air-filled inner tube,which is fitted to a vehicle wheel


UNIFORM - UuUAV

UAV /�ju� e �vi�/ noun another namefor a drone. Full form unmanned aeri-al vehicle. Also called remotely pilot-ed vehicle (RPV)UCAV

UCAV noun an attack aircraft which iscontrolled remotely from the ground orthe air. Full form unmanned combataerial vehicleUCMJ

UCMJ noun the laws that govern theconduct of the members of the USarmed forces. Full form Uniform Codeof Military JusticeUFO

UFO /�ju� ef �əυ, �ju�fəυ/ noun any un-explained object which is seen flyingthrough the air or detected on a radarscreen. Full form unidentified flyingobject (NOTE: This term is usually ap-plied to suspected alien spacecraft.)UGS

UGS abbreviation unattended groundsensorUH-1

UH-1 /�ju� �etʃ �w�n/ noun � HueyUH-60

UH-60 /�ju� �etʃ �sksti/ noun � Black-hawkUHF

UHF abbreviation ultra high frequencyUK

UK abbreviation United KingdomUKLF

UKLF abbreviation United KingdomLand ForcesUKLO

UKLO abbreviation United Kingdomliaison officerULC

ULC /�ju� el �si�/ noun a large metalcontainer pre-packed with artilleryrounds, designed to be transported ontothe battlefieldultimatum

ultimatum /��lt|�metəm/ noun a de-mand accompanied by a threat to takeaction if the demand is not metultra high frequency

ultra high frequency /��ltrə ha�fri�kwənsi/ noun the range of radiofrequencies from 300 – 3,000 mega-hertz (Mhz). Abbr UHF

umpire

umpire /��mpaə/ noun a person as-signed to observe a military training ex-ercise and to assess the performance ofthose taking part � He was acting asumpire. � verb to act as an umpire � Heis umpiring the exercise.UN

UN abbreviation United Nationsunarmed

unarmed /�n|�ɑ�md/ adjective withoutweaponsunarmed combat

unarmed combat /�n|�ɑ�md �kɒm|

�b�t/ noun fighting using the hands,arms and feet, but not guns � Marinesreceive special training in unarmedcombat.unarmoured

unarmoured /�n|�ɑ�məd/ adjective(vehicle) which is not protected by ar-mour (such as a jeep, lorry, truck, etc.).Also called soft-skinnedunattached

unattached /��nə|�t�tʃt/ adjectivenot attachedunattached personnel

unattached personnel /��nət�tʃt�p$�sə|�nel/ noun people who are notmembers of or attached to a specificunitunauthorized

unauthorized /�n |�ɔ�θərazd/, unau-thorised noun not authorized � Unau-thorized entry is prohibited.unclassified

unclassified /�n |�kl�sfad/ adjective(of documents or information) without asecurity classification (such as restrict-ed, secret, etc.) � This information isunclassified.

COMMENT: Unclassified information isinformation which may be passed tothe media and the general public.

unconditional surrender

unconditional surrender/��nkəndʃ(ə)nəl sə |�rendə/ noun sur-render where the side which is surren-dering is not permitted to dictate any ofits own terms or conditions � They de-


unconscious 252

manded the unconditional surrender ofthe whole battalion.unconscious

unconscious /�n|�kɒnʃəs/ adjectivenot awake and unaware of your sur-roundings as a result of illness or injury� One of the casualties is unconscious.undercarriage

undercarriage /��ndək�rd%/ noun astructure to which the wheels of an air-craft are attached � The pilot was una-ble to lower the undercarriage.underground

underground /��ndə(raυnd/ adjec-tive 1. constructed or designed to oper-ate beneath the surface of the ground �

an underground railway 2. relating to agroup or movement which is workingsecretly against the established authori-ty or an occupying power � I have beengiven the task of collecting informationon underground organizations. � noun1. an underground railway 2. a group ormovement which is working secretlyagainst the established authority or anoccupying power � The commandoswere working with the local under-ground.undergrowth

undergrowth /��ndə(rəυθ/ nounbushes and plants growing beneath thetrees of a wood or forest � Someone ismoving through the undergrowth on ourleft.underpass

underpass /��ndəpɑ�s/ noun a roadwhich passes beneath another road (bymeans of a tunnel or bridge)underslung load

underslung load /��ndəsl�ŋ �ləυd/noun a load of equipment or supplieswhich is carried suspended from a heli-copterunexploded

unexploded /��nk |�spləυdd/ adjec-tive referring to a bomb or other devicewhich has failed to explode but is stillcapable of explodingUNHCR

UNHCR abbreviation United NationsHigh Commission for Refugeesunidentified flying object

unidentified flying object/��nadentfad �flaŋ �ɒbd%ekt/ nounfull form of UFOUNIFICYP

UNIFICYP abbreviation United Na-tions Peacekeeping Force in Cyprusunified command

unified command /�ju�nfad kə|

�mɑ�nd/ noun the process of placing allyour military assets under one overall

commander (commander in chief) andhis headquartersuniform

uniform /�ju�nfɔ�m/ adjective (of pat-tern, shape, size, weight, etc.) exactlythe same, identical � The armour is ofuniform thickness all over the vehicle. �noun standard military clothing wornby members of the same arm or group-ingUniform

Uniform /�ju�nfɔ�m/ noun the twen-ty-first letter of the phonetic alphabet(Uu)Uniform Code of Military Justice

Uniform Code of Military Justice/�ju�nfɔ�m kəυd əv �mlt(ə)ri�d%�sts/ noun full form of UCMJUNIMOG

UNIMOG abbreviation United NationsIran-Iraq Military Observer Groupuninhabited

uninhabited /��nn|�h�btd/ adjec-tive not lived in � The village is unin-habited.Union flag

Union flag /�ju�njən �fl�(/ noun thenational flag of Great Britain. Alsocalled Union JackUnion Jack

Union Jack /�ju�njən �d%�k/, Unionflag /�ju�njən �fl�(/ noun the nationalflag of Great Britain (NOTE: The termUnion flag is more correct, but UnionJack is more usual.)Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-lics /�ju�njən əv �səυviət �səυʃ(ə)lstr|�p�blks/ noun full form of USSRunit

unit /�ju�nt/ noun 1. a military group-ing with its own organization and com-mand structure 2. a standard quantity �

A kilometre is a unit of linear measure.COMMENT: In the army, a unit normal-ly refers to a battalion or equivalent-sized grouping.

United Kingdom

United Kingdom /ju�|�natd�kŋdəm/ noun a country formed ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland.Abbr UKUnited Nations

United Nations /ju�|�natd�neʃ(ə)nz/ noun an international or-ganization dedicated to the promotionof world peace, and able to call upon itsmember states to contribute militaryforces for international peacekeepingoperations. Abbr UNUnited States

United States /ju�|�natd �stets/,United States of America noun a largecountry in North America, the world’s


253 US

single superpower � The United Stateswere not involved in the peace talks.Abbr USUnited States Air Force

United States Air Force /ju� |�natdstets �eə �fɔ�s/ noun the American airforce. Abbr USAFUnited States Marine Corps

United States Marine Corps /ju�|

�natd stets mə |�ri�n �kɔ�/ nounAmerican units of marines. AbbrUSMCunlawful combatant

unlawful combatant /�n|�lɔ�f(ə)l�kɒmbətənt/ noun US someone such asa terrorist who undertakes military-style operations, but is not a member ofa country’s regular armed forces or fol-lowing the rules of warunload

unload /�n|�ləυd/ verb 1. to removeammunition from a weapon � Theywere ordered to unload. 2. to remove aload from an aircraft, ship or vehicle �

The enemy attacked while we were un-loading the ship.unloading bay

unloading bay /�n|�ləυdŋ be/ nouna place where weapons may be loadedand unloaded safelyunmanned

unmanned /�n|�m�nd/ adjective 1.(of an aircraft) designed to fly without apilot (that is, by remote control) 2. (ofan installation) not needing people toman it � The rebroadcasting station isunmanned.unmanned aerial vehicle

unmanned aerial vehicle /�n|

�m�nd �eəriəl �vi�k(ə)l/ noun full formof UAVunmanned combat aerial vehicle

unmanned combat aerial vehicle/�n|�m�nd �kɒmb�t �eəriəl �vi�k(ə)l/noun full form of UCAVunmetaled

unmetaled /��nmetəld/ adjective USspelling of unmetalledunmetalled

unmetalled /��nmetəld/ adjective (ofroads and tracks) without a surface ofasphalt or tarmac or other strengtheningmaterials (e.g. gravel or small stones). �

dirt roadUNMO

UNMO /�υnməυ/ abbreviation UnitedNations military observerunobtainable

unobtainable /��nəb|�tenəb(ə)l/ ad-jective not in radio contact (radio termi-nology) � B Company is unobtainableat the moment.

UNPA

UNPA /�υnpə/ abbreviation United Na-tions protected areaUNPF

UNPF abbreviation United Nationspeace forcesUNPROFOR

UNPROFOR /�n|�prəυ |�fɔ�/ abbrevia-tion United Nations Protection ForceUNSC

UNSC abbreviation United NationsSecurity CouncilUNSCR

UNSCR abbreviation United NationsSecurity Council resolutionunserviceable

unserviceable /�n |�s$�vsəb(ə)l/ ad-jective (of equipment) damaged or de-fective (so that it does not work proper-ly) � The radio is unserviceable. Abbru/suntenable

untenable /�n |�tenəb(ə)l/ adjectiveimpossible to defend � Our position isuntenable.update

update /��pdet/ noun fresh informa-tion � Here is the latest intelligence up-date. � verb to give someone fresh in-formation � I need to update you on thelatest intelligence.updraught

updraught /��pdrɑ�ft/ noun a strongupward current of airupgrade

upgrade /�p|�(red/ verb to improvethe design or capability of somethingupper case

upper case /��pə �kes/ noun capitalletters written as A, B, C, etc. (NOTE:The opposite, i.e. small letters writtenas a, b, c, etc., is lower case.)upstream

upstream /��p|�stri�m/ adverb in theopposite direction to that in which a riv-er or stream is flowing � We moved up-stream. � The enemy are crossing up-stream of the town. Compare down-streamupwind

upwind /�p |�wnd/ adverb in a posi-tion where the wind is blowing fromyour own location towards another lo-cation � Fortunately, our position wasupwind of the chemical attack. Com-pare downwindurban

urban /�$�bən/ adjective relating totowns and cities. Compare ruralurgent

urgent /�$�d%ənt/ adjective requiringimmediate action or attention � We havereceived an urgent message from HQ.US

US /�ju� �es/ adjective referring to theUnited States of America � US troopslanded last night.


u/s 254u/s

u/s abbreviation unserviceableUSA

USA abbreviation 1. United StatesArmy 2. United States of AmericaUSAF

USAF abbreviation United States AirForceUSAFE

USAFE abbreviation United States AirForce in EuropeUSAREUR

USAREUR abbreviation United StatesArmy in EuropeUSEUCOM

USEUCOM abbreviation UnitedStates European CommandUSMC

USMC abbreviation United States Ma-rine CorpsUSN

USN abbreviation United States NavyUSS

USS /�ju� es �es/ abbreviation prefixgiven to all ships of the United StatesNavy � I served on board the USS Sara-toga. Full form United States ShipUSSR

USSR /�ju� es es �ɑ�/ noun the full of-ficial title of the former Soviet Union.Full form Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics

utility

utility /ju�|�tlti/ adjective designedfor general useutility helicopter

utility helicopter /ju�|�tlti�helkɒptə/ noun US a helicopter de-signed to transport men, equipment orsuppliesU-turn

U-turn /�ju� t$�n/ noun an act of turn-ing a vehicle sharply around, so that it isfacing in the direction from which it hasjust come � The tank did a U-turn anddisappeared behind the church.UXB

UXB abbreviation unexploded bombUXO

UXO noun any bomb, missile, explo-sive projectile or other explosive devicewhich has been dropped or fired or ini-tiated and has failed to explode, eitherpartly or completely � There is a lot ofUXO lying about. � They’re doing UXOdisposal in the village. Full form unex-ploded bomb. � UXBUzi

Uzi /�u�zi/ noun an Israeli-designed9mm sub-machine-gun


VICTOR - Vvvaccinate

vaccinate /�v�ksnet/ verb to givesomeone a vaccine which prevents himor her from contracting a disease � Wewere vaccinated against anthrax. � in-oculatevaccination

vaccination /�v�ks|�neʃ(ə)n/ nounan act of vaccinating someone � Thetroops were given anthrax vaccinations.� inoculationvaccine

vaccine /�v�ksi�n/ noun a substance,containing the germs of a disease,which provides a person with immunityto that diseaseV-agent

V-agent /�vi� �ed%ənt/ noun a persist-ent nerve agentvalley

valley /�v�li/ noun an area of lowground flanked by hills, usually with ariver running through itvan

van /v�n/ noun 1. a light motor vehicledesigned for carrying goods � Thebomb was hidden in a small white van.2. a vanguard � The general was movingin the van of the advancing force.vanguard

vanguard /�v�n(ɑ�d/ noun leadingelements of the main body of an ad-vancing force

COMMENT: The vanguard should notbe confused with the advance guardwhich moves ahead of the mainbody.

vantage point

vantage point /�vɑ�ntd% �pɔnt/noun a place from which one can ob-serve a thing or area � That hill is an ex-cellent vantage point.vapor

vapor /�vepə/ noun US spelling of va-pourvapour

vapour /�vepə/ noun particles of liq-uid or other substance suspended in air� This chemical agent is used in theform of a vapour.

variable-time fuse

variable-time fuse /�veəriəb(ə)l�tam �fju�z/ noun a fuse fitted to an ar-tillery shell, which causes it to explodeat a specified height above the ground.Abbr VTvariant

variant /�veəriənt/ noun a modelwhich is different from the original de-sign � The Russians are testing a newvariant of the T-80.VCP

VCP /�vi� �si� �pi�/ noun 1. a place on aroad where soldiers or policemen stopvehicles in order to search them or tocheck the identity of the occupants � Weset up a VCP at the crossroads. 2. thepersons manning a vehicle check-point� The VCP was attacked by partisans. �full form vehicle check-pointVD

VD abbreviation venereal diseasevector

vector /�vektə/ noun a course taken byan aircraft � Vector two-three-nine forCAP.vegetation

vegetation /�ved%|�teʃ(ə)n/ nounplants in general � There is very littlevegetation on the island.vehicle

vehicle /�vi�k(ə)l/ noun a machinewhich moves on landvehicle check-point

vehicle check-point /�vi�k(ə)l�tʃek �pɔnt/ noun full form of VCPvehicle state

vehicle state /�vi�k(ə)l stet/ nounthe condition of vehicles held by a unitor sub-unitvehicular first-aid kit

vehicular first-aid kit /v|�hkjυlə�f$�st �ed �kt/ noun a first aid kit keptin a vehicleveiled speech

veiled speech /�veld �spi�tʃ/ nounan act of speaking on a telephone or ra-dio, in such a way as to conceal the truemeaning of the conversation, withoutactually using a codeveld

veld /velt/, veldt noun in South Africa,an uncultivated grassland


velocity 256velocity

velocity /və |�lɒsti/ noun the speed atwhich an object travelsvenereal disease

venereal disease /və|�nəriəl d|

�zi�z/ noun a disease which is passed bysexual contact (e.g. gonorrhoea, syphi-lis, etc.). Abbr VDvenomous

venomous /�venməs/ adjective (ofsnakes, insects and some other crea-tures) having a poisonous bite or sting �I don’t think this snake is venomous.verbal

verbal /�v$�b(ə)l/ adjective spoken (asopposed to written or other forms ofcommunication) � All verbal requestsshould be confirmed in writing.verification

verification /�verf|�keʃ(ə)n/ nounthe process of establishing if somethingis accurate or true � We need verifica-tion of the report.verify

verify /�verfa/ verb 1. to establish ifsomething is accurate or true � We needto verify the report. 2. to confirm thatsomething is accurate or true � He veri-fied the allegation.vertical take-off and landing

vertical take-off and landing/�v$�tk(ə)l �tekɒf ənd �l�ndŋ/ nountechnology which enables a fixed-wingaircraft to take off and land from a sta-tionary position (i.e. without the needfor a runway) � The Harrier has a ver-tical take-off and landing capability.Abbr VTOL

COMMENT: Vertical take-off is not usu-ally possible when the aircraft is car-rying a full payload of munitions. Insuch cases, the aircraft would needto take off from a runway like anyconventional fixed-wing aircraft. Mostvertical take-off aircraft, however, re-quire a considerably shorter distanceto take off than do conventional air-craft, and would therefore be able touse stretches of road or grass areasas runways. Once the aircraft hasdischarged its munitions it would beable to carry out a normal verticallanding. The acronyms STOVL (shorttake-off and vertical landing) andV/STOL (vertical or short take-off andlanding) are used to describe thesecapabilities.

very high frequency

very high frequency /�veri �ha�fri�kwənsi/ noun the range of radiofrequencies from 30 – 300 megahertz(Mhz). Abbr VHF

Very light

Very light /�vəri �lat/ noun an illumi-nating flare which is fired from a VerypistolVery pistol

Very pistol /�vəri �pst(ə)l/ noun apistol designed to fire an illuminatingflare into the airvessel

vessel /�ves(ə)l/ noun a boat or shipvet

vet /vet/ noun 1. a person who is qual-ified to give medical treatment and sur-gery to animals � The guard dog wastaken to the vet. 2. US a veteran(informal ) � A party of vets is visitingthe base. � verb to check a person’s his-tory and family and social connections,in order to establish whether they aresuitable for a job or to have access toclassified information � He will have tobe vetted. (NOTE: vetting – vetted)veteran

veteran /�vet(ə)rən/ noun 1. a personwith considerable combat experience �

They replaced the battalion of recruitswith veterans of the last campaign. 2.US an ex-serviceman or ex-service-woman

COMMENT: In recent years, the mediahave started to apply this term to an-yone who has taken part in a militaryoperation, however short the duration(for example Falklands veterans,Gulf veterans, etc.)

vetting

vetting /�vetŋ/ noun an act of vettinga person � He was given a thorough vet-ting.VHF

VHF abbreviation very high frequencyvice admiral

vice admiral /�vas ��dmərəl/ noun asenior officer in the US Navyvice-admiral

vice-admiral /�vas ��dmərəl/ noun asenior officer in the British Navy, abovea rear-admiralvicinity

vicinity /və|�snti/ noun an area whichsurrounds a place � Enemy special forc-es are operating in the vicinity of Linz.victim

victim /�vktm/ noun a person who iskilled or injured as the result of an ac-tion or occurrencevictor

victor /�vktə/ noun a person who isvictoriousVictor

Victor /�vktə/ noun the twenty-sec-ond letter of the phonetic alphabet (Vv)victorious

victorious /vk|�tɔ�riəs/ adjective re-lating to a military force or state whichhas defeated an enemy � The victorious


257 vomit

troops looted the town. � The victoriousarmy conquered one state after another.victory

victory /�vkt(ə)ri/ noun the defeat ofan enemy in battle or war � It was a de-cisive victory which changed the out-come of the war. � Marlbrough won aseries of victories in Northern Europe.view

view /vju�/ noun an area which is visi-ble from a particular locationViggen

Viggen /�v(ən/ noun � Saab-37vigilance

vigilance /�vd%ləns/ noun an act ofguarding against a possible danger orthreat � We need to show extra vigilancetonight.vigilant

vigilant /�vd%lənt/ adjective alert toa possible danger or threatvigor

vigor /�v(ə/ noun US spelling of vig-ourvigorous

vigorous /�v(ərəs/ adjective show-ing or demanding strong physical effort� Paratroops undergo a vigorous train-ing course.vigour

vigour /�v(ə/ noun a strong physicaleffort � The attack was not pressedhome with sufficient vigour.Viking

Viking /�vakŋ/ noun see � S-3village

village /�vld%/ noun a small rural set-tlementvirus

virus /�varəs/ noun a germ cell whichinfects the cells of living organisms,thus causing diseasevisibility

visibility /�vz|�blti/ noun theamount of what is visible � Visibilitywas poor because of the fog. � Visibilityis down to two hundred metres.visible

visible /�vzb(ə)l/ adjective able to beseen � The tanks were clearly visible.vision

vision /�v%(ə)n/ noun the ability tosee � He suffered a temporary loss of vi-sion.visor

visor /�vazə/ noun a movable shieldattached to a helmet, which is designedto protect the face while allowing thewearer to seevisual

visual /�v%υəl/ adjective relating tosight � to have a person on visual to beable to see a personvisual contact

visual contact /�v%υəl �kɒnt�kt/noun a situation where two or morepeople or groupings can see each other

visual display unit

visual display unit /�v%υəl d|�sple�ju�nt/ noun an apparatus similar to atelevision, attached to a computer,which shows data on a screen. AbbrVDUvital

vital /�vat(ə)l/ adjective 1. of thegreatest importance � It is vital that youcapture that position. 2. essential to theoutcome of a mattervital ground

vital ground /�vat(ə)l �(raυnd/ nounan area of ground which, if captured bythe enemy, will make it impossible for aunit or sub-unit to fulfil its mission

COMMENT: The vital ground of a sub-unit (such as a platoon) will often con-stitute the ground of tactical impor-tance of its higher formation (i.e. thecompany). If a unit’s vital ground iscaptured, then that unit has effective-ly lost its part of the battle.

voice procedure

voice procedure /�vɔs prə|�si�d%ə/noun the standard words and expres-sions which are used when talking on aradio � ‘Hello 22, this is 2, use correctvoice procedure, out!’volatile

volatile /�vɒlətal/ adjective likely tochange suddenly, or likely to becomeviolent and dangerous without warning� The situation in the capital is still ex-tremely volatile.volley

volley /�vɒli/ noun an act of firing sev-eral weapons at the same time, in orderto produce a concentration of fire �

They fired several volleys into thecrowd. � verb to fire several guns to-gethervolume

volume /�vɒlju�m/ noun a quantity ofsound given out by a radio or other ap-paratusvolunteer

volunteer /�vɒlən |�tə/ noun 1. a per-son who offers to do a task � I need avolunteer to take a message back toheadquarters. 2. a person who joins thearmed forces because he wishes to,rather than because he is conscripted �

Most of the men in the battalion are vol-unteers. � conscript � verb to offer tocarry out a task (usually one which isdangerous or unpleasant) � He volun-teered to take the message back to HQ.vomit

vomit /�vɒmt/ verb to bring up foodfrom one’s stomach � The gas made himvomit.


vomiting agent 258vomiting agent

vomiting agent /�vɒmtŋ �ed%ənt/noun a chemical agent designed tomake a person feel ill and vomitvoyage

voyage /�vɔd%/ noun a journey madeby a shipVR55

VR55 /�vi� ɑ� �ffti �fav/ noun a NATOname for Soviet-produced nerve agentVSI

VSI abbreviation very seriously injuredV/STOL

V/STOL abbreviation vertical or shorttake-off and landingVT

VT abbreviation variable-time fuseVTOL

VTOL abbreviation vertical take-offand landingVulcan

Vulcan /�v�lkən/ noun 1. a nicknamefor the American-designed M-61A1

20mm anti-aircraft cannon 2. an obso-lete British-designed strategic bomberaircraftvulnerable

vulnerable /�v�ln(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective1. (of people) easy to injure or kill � Weare extremely vulnerable in this posi-tion. 2. (of things) easy to damage or de-stroy � This vehicle is vulnerable tosmall-arms fire. 3. (of groupings) easyto outmanoeuvre or overrun � Our leftflank is now extremely vulnerable.VX

VX /�vi� �eks/ noun an American-pro-duced type of nerve agent

COMMENT: The chemical compositionof VX is still secret.


WHISKY - WwWAC

WAC /w�k/ abbreviation weapons-aiming computerwade

wade /wed/ verb to walk through wa-ter � The company had to wade the riv-er.wadi

wadi /�wɒdi/ noun in Arabic countries,a dry river-bed or gully (in desert re-gions) � The mortar line was sited in awadi.wage

wage /wed%/ verb � to wage war onsomeone to fight a war against someonewait out

wait out /�wet �aυt/ phrase I am toobusy to give you further information atthe moment, but I will call you as soonas I am able to (radio terminology) �

‘Hello 2, this is 22, contact, grid021944, wait out!’ � ‘Hello 3, this is33d, am being shelled, wait out!’war

war /wɔ�/ noun 1. an armed conflict be-tween nations � War broke out in theMiddle East. � to declare war onsomeone to state officially that you arein a state of war with someone � to beon a war footing to be at full strengthand fully equipped and prepared to fighta war � The battalion is now on a warfooting. 2. used in names of particularwars � the Crimean War � the FirstWorld Warwar correspondent

war correspondent /�wɔ��kɒrspɒndənt/ noun a journalist or re-porter who is attached to a militaryforce, in order to report on a warwar crime

war crime /�wɔ� kram/ noun an actwhich violates international rules ofwarwardroom

wardroom /�wɔ�drυm/ noun an offic-ers’ mess on a warshipwarehouse

warehouse /�weəhaυs/ noun a largebuilding used for storing goods

warfare

warfare /�wɔ�feə/ noun a war (in gen-eral) � arctic warfare � nuclear warfarewarfighter

warfighter /�wɔ�|�fatə/ noun some-one engaged in fighting in a war orarmed conflictwarfighting

warfighting /�wɔ�|�fatŋ/ noun activeengagement in armed conflictwargame

wargame /�wɔ�(em/ verb to test theviability of an operational plan, by play-ing it out on a map and calculating like-ly enemy responses � We wargamedseveral different scenarios.war games

war games /�wɔ� (emz/ plural nouna military training exercise. � exercis-es, manoeuvresWar Graves Commission

War Graves Commission /wɔ�r(revz �kə|�mʃən/ noun an officialBritish organization responsible for set-ting up and maintaining cemeteries forservicemen who die or are killed in war-timewarhead

warhead /�wɔ�hed/ noun an explosivehead of a missile or other projectileWar in Iraq

War in Iraq /�wɔ� n |�rɑ�k/ noun sameas Gulf War IIwarn

warn /wɔ�n/ verb 1. to inform anotherperson of a danger or threat � Wewarned him of the increased chemicalthreat. 2. to inform another person thathis actions or conduct are unacceptableand that he will be punished if it hap-pens again � He was warned about hisbehaviour.warning

warning /�wɔ�nŋ/ noun 1. an act ofwarning someone � We have received awarning of a probable nuclear strike. 2.an official record that a person has beenwarned about his actions or conduct �

He was given a warning.warning order

warning order /�wɔ�nŋ �ɔ�də/ nouna message which warns a unit or sub-


warning signal 260

unit of a future operation or task, andprovides sufficient information for theunit to start making its preparations. �

heads-upCOMMENT: Apart from the task itself,the most important piece of informa-tion in a warning order is the timing‘no move before …’.

warning signal

warning signal /�wɔ�nŋ �s(n(ə)l/noun a signal such as a red light, whichwarns that something has gone wrongwarrant

warrant /�wɒrənt/ noun a documentwhich authorizes a person to do some-thingwarrant officer

warrant officer /�wɒrənt �ɒfsə/noun 1. a senior non-commissioned of-ficer in the army or air force who holdshis or her rank by Royal Warrant 2. USa senior non-commissioned officer whoholds a special rank because his or herjob requires a greater level of responsi-bility than that which is normally ex-pected of senior enlisted personnel �

abbr WOwarrant officer first class

warrant officer first class/�wɒrənt �ɒfsə f$�st �klɑ�s/ noun aregimental sergeant major or someoneof equivalent seniority. Abbr WO1warrant officer second class

warrant officer second class/�wɒrənt �ɒfsə �sekənd �klɑ�s/ noun acompany sergeant major or regimentalquartermaster sergeant or someone ofequivalent seniority. Abbr WO2war reserves

war reserves /�wɔ� i|�z$�vz/ pluralnoun stocks of equipment and supplieskept to be available immediately in caseof warwarring

warring /�wɔ�rŋ/ adjective activelyinvolved in armed conflict � Negotia-tions between the warring factions havecollapsed.Warrior

Warrior /�wɒriə/ noun a British-de-signed 1980s-era infantry fighting vehi-cle (IFV)Warsaw Pact

Warsaw Pact /�wɔ�sɔ� �p�kt/ noun amilitary alliance, consisting of the Sovi-et Union and other communist countriesof Eastern Europe (e.g. Czechoslova-kia, Hungary, Poland, etc.), which dis-integrated following the collapse ofcommunism at the end of the 1980s

warship

warship /�wɔ�ʃp/ noun an armouredship, equipped with guns or missiles,which is designed for fighting at sea. �

aircraft carrier, battleship, cruiser,destroyer, submarineWarthog

Warthog /�wɔ�thɒ(/ noun an unoffi-cial nickname for the American-de-signed A-10 ground-attack aircraftwartime

wartime /�wɔ�tam/ noun a periodduring which a war is foughtwar zone

war zone /�wɔ� zəυn/ noun a regionwhere a war is in progress. � landingzonewash

wash /wɒʃ/ noun a disturbance on thesurface of water, left by a passing boator ship � We followed the wash of thedestroyer. � verb to clean oneself or anobject with water � He is washing hisclothes. � He washed the blood off hishands.wastage

wastage /�westd%/ noun 1. an act ofwasting a resource 2. an amount thathas been wastedwaste

waste /west/ noun an act of usingmore of a resource (such as ammuni-tion, fuel, manpower, water, etc.) than isnecessary � That was a waste of ammu-nition. � verb 1. to use a resource un-necessarily � Cease fire! You are wast-ing ammo. 2. to use more of a resourcethan is necessary � You are wasting fuelby driving in such a low gear. 3. to killsomeone (slang) � He got wasted.watch

watch /wɒtʃ/ noun 1. a small clockwhich is normally attached to a person’swrist 2. a period of daily duty on a ship3. a period of guard duty � to keepwatch to watch for the approach of dan-ger, while your comrades sleep or carryout other tasks 4. a detachment of menassigned to guard a location � verb 1. tolook at something which is happening �We watched the enemy as they werecrossing the river. 2. to look at an areaof ground, in order to see any activitywhich might occur there � The OP wasordered to watch the main road. 3. tolook at a person, in order to see if hedoes something � We were told to watchthe crowd of rioters. 4. to guard a per-son or thing � He was ordered to watchthe prisoners. � observe


261 weaponizewatchkeeper

watchkeeper /�wɒtʃ|�ki�pə/ noun 1. anaval duty officer on a warship who, inthe event of an unforeseen incident, isqualified to make command decisionsuntil a more senior officer takes over �

He’s just been awarded his watchkeep-er’s ticket. 2. an operational appoint-ment in the army, in which an officer ornon-commissioned officer has limitedcontrol over a headquarters departmentwhile the normal staff officer is restingor engaged in other tasks � I acted as aG4 watchkeeper in Bosnia.watch-tower

watch-tower /�wɒtʃ �taυə/ noun atower from which one can watch anarea of groundwater bottle

water bottle /�wɔ�tə �bɒt(ə)l/ noun astorage bottle for carrying a personalsupply of drinking waterwater bowser

water bowser /�wɔ�tə �baυzə/ noun awater storage tank mounted on the backof a vehiclewatercourse

watercourse /�wɔ�təkɔ�s/ noun a ca-nal, river, stream or dry river-bedwaterfall

waterfall /�wɔ�təfɔ�l/ noun a placewhere a river or stream flows over a cliffor rockswater point

water point /�wɔ�tə pɔnt/ noun a lo-cation where water may be replenishedwaterproof

waterproof /�wɔ�təpru�f/ adjective(of clothing, footwear, etc.) designed toprevent the passage of water � I’ve gota waterproof sleeping-bag cover. � verbto make something waterproof � He iswaterproofing his boots.water tank

water tank /�wɔ�tə t�ŋk/ noun alarge container for storing waterwatertight

watertight /�wɔ�tətat/ adjective (ofcompartments, doors, joints, etc.) de-signed to prevent the passage of water �All the compartments in the boat arewatertight.water trailer

water trailer /�wɔ�tə �trelə/ noun USa water tank on a wheeled frame, suita-ble for being towed behind a vehiclewaterway

waterway /�wɔ�təwe/ noun a canal ornavigable riverwave

wave /wev/ noun 1. a moving ridge ofwater � A huge wave broke over theship. 2. one of several tactical groupingswhich are advancing or attacking, one

behind the other � Waves of bombers at-tacked the town. � verb 1. to raise yourhand and move it about as a greeting �

The girls waved at the soldiers as theymarched past. 2. to raise your arm andmove it as a signal � He waved the menaway. 3. to display something by raisingit and moving it about � The enemywere waving white flags.way

way /we/ noun 1. a road, path, track orany other natural or man-made featurewhich allows movement � We could notfind a way through the marsh. 2. meth-od � That’s not the way to do it. 3. a di-rection � B Company HQ is that way. 4.a route � Do you know the way to thedressing station?waypoint

waypoint /�wepɔnt/ noun a place orfeature on the ground which is used as anavigational reference point (especiallywith satellite navigation systems) � Ournext waypoint is the church at grid637921.W/Cdr

W/Cdr abbreviation wing commanderWCP

WCP /�d�bəlju� �si� �pi�/ noun a loca-tion set up by a peacekeeping force tocollect weapons from soldiers who havebeen involved in an armed conflict. Fullform weapon collection pointweak

weak /wi�k/ adjective 1. (of people)not strong � He was very weak throughloss of blood. 2. (of groupings) not atfull strength � We have a weak brigadein front of us.weapon

weapon /�wepən/ noun 1. any objectwhich is designed to kill or injure (suchas a bayonet, grenade, rifle, etc.) � Hehas lost his weapon. 2. any object whichis used to kill or injure (such as a brokenbottle, knife, piece of wood, etc.) � Awide variety of weapons were takenfrom the rioters. 3. any object which isdesigned to cause damage (such as abomb, missile, rocket, etc.) � The ene-my are threatening to use nuclearweapons.weapon collection point

weapon collection point /�wepənkə|�lekʃən �pɔnt/ noun full form ofWCPweaponize

weaponize, weaponise verb to proc-ess chemical, nuclear, or biological ma-terial so that it can be deployed as a


weapon of mass destruction 262

weapon, especially a weapon of massdestructionweapon of mass destruction

weapon of mass destruction/�wepən əv �m�s ds |�tr�kʃən/ noun aweapon, usually nuclear, biological, orchemical, which can cause huge devas-tation and loss of lifeweapon pit

weapon pit /�wepən pt/ noun a pitdug as a fire-position for a large weap-on, which offers concealment and pro-tection from enemy fireweaponry

weaponry /�wepənri/ noun weaponsin generalweapons-grade uranium

weapons-grade uranium/�wepənz (red jυ |�reniəm/ noun sameas depleted uraniumweapon state

weapon state /�wepən stet/ nounthe condition in which a weapon is car-ried (i.e. unloaded, made safe or madeready)weapons training

weapons training /�wepənz�trenŋ/ noun training for soldiers inthe use of their weaponsweapon system

weapon system /�wepən �sstəm/noun a weapon which utilizes sophisti-cated technology (such as a guided mis-sile)weapon systems officer

weapon systems officer /�wepən�sstəmz �ɒfsə/ noun full form ofWSOweather

weather /�weðə/ noun the dailychanges in the condition of the earth’satmosphere (such as rain, sunshine,wind, etc.)webbing

webbing /�webŋ/ noun 1. a strongfabric used to make belts, equipmentpouches, rifle slings, etc. 2. a set ofequipment pouches attached to a belt orharness � He has lost his webbing.web gear

web gear /�web (ə/ noun same aswebbingwedge

wedge /wed%/ noun a tactical forma-tion in the shape of a triangle (e.g. onesub-unit leading as point, with the othertwo sub-units following abreast of eachother)weight

weight /wet/ noun the heaviness of anobjectwell

well /wel/ noun a man-made hole in theground from which water is obtained

wellington boot

wellington boot /�welŋtən �bu�t/noun 1. a waterproof rubber boot whichreaches up to the knee 2. an elegantleather boot, which reaches up to theknee but is worn covered by the trouserleg, as part of a ceremonial uniform ormess kitWessex

Wessex /�wesks/ noun a British-made utility helicopterwest

west /west/ noun 1. one of the fourmain points of the compass, corre-sponding to a bearing of 270 degrees or4800 mils 2. an area to the west of yourlocation � The enemy are approachingfrom the west. 3. � the West Europe andNorth America 4. the western part of acountry � adjective relating to the west� the West Gate � west wind windblowing from the west � adverb to-wards the west � The enemy is movingwest.westbound

westbound /�westbaυnd/ adjectivemoving or leading towards the west � awestbound convoywesterly

westerly /�westəli/ adjective 1. to-wards the west � They pushed forwardin a westerly direction. 2. (of wind)from the westwestern

western /�westən/ adjective relatingto the west � The western part of thecountry.Western Bloc

Western Bloc /�westən �blɒk/ noun aterm sometimes applied to NATOWestern European Union

Western European Union/�westən �jυərəpi�ən �ju�njən/ noun agroup of European countries linked to-gether for mutual protection; the Unionis now seen as the European Union’s fu-ture defence arm, and it now includesseveral Eastern European countries asassociate members. Abbr WEUWest Point

West Point /�west �pɔnt/ noun a USArmy officer training establishment �

He is a graduate of West Point.westward

westward /�westwəd/ adjective to-wards the west � a westward direction �adverb US towards the west � They aremoving westward.westwards

westwards /�westwədz/ adverb to-wards the west � They are moving west-wards.


263 wind-chill factorWEU

WEU abbreviation Western EuropeanUnionWFP

WFP /�d�b(ə)lju� ef �pi�/ noun a Unit-ed Nations organization responsible forthe distribution of food and other hu-manitarian aid in disaster areas and warzones. Full form World Food Pro-grammeWG CDR

WG CDR abbreviation wing com-manderwheel

wheel /wi�l/ noun a round piece whichturns round an axle, and on which a ve-hicle runs � The mine damaged the frontwheels of the truck. � verb to swinground in line � The brigade wheeledleft-handed and advanced towards Ess-ingen.wheelbarrow

wheelbarrow /�wi�lb�rəυ/ noun 1. asmall cart with one wheel, which is de-signed to be pushed by a person on foot(normally used by gardeners, buildersand farmers) � We brought up the am-munition in an old wheelbarrow. 2. asmall unmanned tracked vehicle, whichis operated by remote control and whichcan be fitted with a CCTV camera andother instruments or tools for examin-ing suspected improvised explosive de-vices (IED) � The wheelbarrow was de-stroyed in the explosion.wheeled

wheeled /wi�ld/ adjective (of vehicles)fitted with wheels � This route is notsuitable for wheeled vehicles.Whiskey

Whiskey /�wski/ noun US spelling ofWhiskyWhisky

Whisky /�wski/ noun the twenty-thirdletter of the phonetic alphabet (Ww)whisper

whisper /�wspə/ verb to speak veryquietlywhistle

whistle /�ws(ə)l/ noun 1. an instru-ment which is blown through to pro-duce a clear shrill noise � He blew hiswhistle as a signal to advance. 2. thenoise produced by a whistle or by blow-ing air through your lips � We heard awhistle, and then the noise of small-arms fire. � verb to produce the soundof a whistle � He whistled to show thatthe coast was clear.White Ensign

White Ensign /�wat �ensan/ noun aflag displayed by ships of the British

Royal Navy (it is white, with a red crossand the Union Jack in one corner)white phosphorus

white phosphorus /�wat �fɒsfərəs/noun 1. a chemical substance whichburns on contact with oxygen, produc-ing dense clouds of white smoke 2. asmoke-producing projectile, or grenadecontaining white phosphorus � abbr WP

COMMENT: Projectiles and grenadescontaining white phosphorus areusually painted light green, with redlettering and markings.

WHO

WHO /�d�bəlju�etʃ �əυ/ noun anUnited Nations organization dealingwith health matters. Full form WorldHealth OrganizationWIA

WIA abbreviation wounded in actionwilco

wilco /�wlkəυ/ adverb I will carry outyour instructions (radio terminology) �

‘Hello22, this is 2, move now, over.’ –‘22, wilco, out.’ Full form will complyWildcat

Wildcat /�waldk�t/ noun a German-designed wheeled self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG)wilderness

wilderness /�wldənəs/ noun an un-inhabited and uncultivated area or re-gionWild Weasel

Wild Weasel /�wald �wi�zl/ noun USan air-force role, involving the use of ra-dar-detecting equipment and anti-radarmissiles (ARM) to suppress enemy sur-face-to-air missile siteswinch

winch /wntʃ/ verb to lift or drop froma helicopter using a rope � The injuredman was winched to safety. � Two crew-members were winched down to the for-ward position.wind

wind /wnd/ noun a strong movementof air � The high winds brought downtwo aerials.windage

windage /�wndd%/ noun 1. an effectof wind on a projectile in flight 2. an al-lowance made for wind when aiming aweaponwind-chill

wind-chill /�wnd tʃl/ noun an effectof cold wind on a person when the airtemperature is low, making him evencolderwind-chill factor

wind-chill factor /�wnd tʃl �f�ktə/noun a method of calculating the risk ofhypothermia by adding the speed of thewind to the number of degrees of tem-


windscreen 264

perature below zero � The wind-chillfactor is dangerously high at the mo-ment.windscreen

windscreen /�wndskri�n/ noun theglass window in the front of a vehicle(NOTE: The American English term iswindshield.)windshield

windshield /�wndʃi�ld/ noun USsame as windscreenwing

wing /wŋ/ noun 1. a thin horizontalstructure extending from either side ofan aircraft, in order to support it in flight2. an air-force grouping of severalsquadronswing commander

wing commander /�wŋ kə|�mɑ�ndə/noun a senior officer in the air force,above a squadron leader (usually incommand of a wing). Abbr W/Cdrwingman

wingman /�wŋm�n/ noun the pilotof the other aircraft, when you are fly-ing as a pair � My wingman was hit by asurface-to-air missile.wipe out

wipe out /�wap �aυt/ verb to kill allthe members of a grouping � B Compa-ny has been almost wiped out. (NOTE:This verb is normally used in the pas-sive.)wire

wire /�waə/ noun a cord-like materialmade of metalwire-cutters

wire-cutters /�waə �k�təz/ pluralnoun a special type of scissors used forcutting through barbed wire � Hedropped his wire-cutters. � Rememberto bring a pair of wire-cutters. (NOTE:Wire-cutters, like scissors, are alwaysplural and come in pairs or sets.)wire-guided missile

wire-guided missile /�waə �(add�msal/ noun a missile, which remainsconnected to its firing post by a lengthof wire, through which signals aretransmitted in order to control its flightonto the targetwireless

wireless /�waələs/ noun an obsoleteterm for a radiowiring party

wiring party /�waərŋ �pɑ�ti/ noun adetachment of soldiers sent out to con-struct or repair a barbed-wire obstaclewithdraw

withdraw /wð|�drɔ�/ verb 1. to moveaway from the enemy � B Company iswithdrawing. 2. to move back towardsyour own forces or territory � The ene-

my withdrew across the border. � retire,retreat (NOTE: withdrawing – with-drew – have withdrawn)

COMMENT: The word retreat is nor-mally used when one is forced tomove back (for example, becauseone has been defeated or your posi-tion has become untenable), where-as retire or withdraw imply rearwardmovement as part of a planned ma-noeuvre or in order to occupy a betterposition. Consequently, retire orwithdraw are sometimes used in-stead of retreat because they soundmore positive.

withdrawal

withdrawal /wð|�drɔ�əl/ noun an actof withdrawingwithin visual range

within visual range /w|�ðn �v%υəl�rend%/ adjective, adverb full form ofWVRwithout delay

without delay /w|�ðaυt d|�le/ ad-verb immediatelyWMD

WMD abbreviation weapon(s) of massdestructionWO1

WO1 abbreviation warrant officer firstclassWO2

WO2 abbreviation warrant officer sec-ond classwood

wood /wυd/ noun 1. an area of groundcovered by trees � We spent the night ina wood. 2. a material obtained fromtrees � The handguard is made of wood.wooden

wooden /�wυd(ə)n/ adjective made ofwoodwoodland

woodland /�wυdlənd/ noun terrainconsisting mainly of woods or forestworking parts

working parts /�w$�kŋ �pɑ�ts/ pluralnoun the internal mechanism (usuallyconsisting of several different parts) ofan automatic or semi-automatic weap-on, which moves backwards and for-wards to cock the weapon, feed a roundinto the breech, fire the round and ex-tract the empty cartridge case � On thecommand ‘Unload!’, remove the maga-zine, pull the working-parts to the rearseveral times and then look inside.World Food Programme

World Food Programme /�w$�ld�fu�d �prəυ(r�m/ noun full form ofWFPWorld Health Organization

World Health Organization/�w$�ld �helθ �ɔ�(ənazeʃ(ə)n/ nounfull form of WHO


265 WVRwound

wound /wu�nd/ noun serious injury,usually involving a cut or other penetra-tion of the skin and flesh � He has ashrapnel wound to his leg. � He died ofhis wounds. � verb to inflict a wound �

He was wounded in the leg.wounded

wounded /�wu�ndd/ adjective suffer-ing from a wound � Wounded soldierswere removed to the field hospital. �

noun � the wounded people who havereceived a wound � The wounded wereremoved from the battlefield.WP

WP abbreviation white phosphoruswreck

wreck /rek/ noun 1. the accidental de-struction of a ship (usually by runningonto rocks) � Here is the report on thewreck of HMS Ardent. 2. the remains ofa ship which has been wrecked � Mostof the cargo was removed from thewreck. 3. the remains of a destroyed or

badly damaged aircraft or vehicle � Wetook cover behind a tank wreck. � verbto destroy or badly damage an aircraft,ship or vehicle � The ship has beenwrecked. � We took cover behind awrecked tank.wreckage

wreckage /�rekd%/ noun pieces of anaircraft, ship or vehicle which has beenwreckedWren

Wren /ren/ noun a female member ofthe Royal Navy (informal )WSO

WSO abbreviation weapon systems of-ficerWVR

WVR /�d�b(ə)lju� vi� �ɑ�/ adjective,adverb close enough to an enemy air-craft to see it with the naked eye � We’llneed WVR missiles. Full form withinvisual range. Compare BVR


X-RAY - XxXO

XO abbreviation US executive officerX-ray

X-ray1 /�eks �re/ noun the twenty-fourth letter of the phonetic alphabet(Xx)X-ray

X-ray2 /�eks �re/ noun 1. electromag-netic radiation of a very short wave-

length, which is able to pass through thehuman body and can thus produce pho-tographs of internal injuries 2. a X-rayphotograph � You will need a chest X-ray. � verb to produce an X-ray photo-graph � We will have to X-ray your leg.


YANKEE - YyYAK-38

YAK-38 /�j�k θ$�ti �et/ noun a Sovi-et-designed multirole fighter aircraftwith a vertical take-off capability, de-signed to operate from aircraft carriers(NOTE: known to NATO as Forger)YAK-41

YAK-41 /�j�k fɔ�t �w�n/ noun a Sovi-et-designed multirole fighter aircraftwith a vertical take-off capability, de-signed to operate from aircraft carriers(NOTE: known to NATO as Freestyle)Yank

Yank /j�ŋk/ noun an American soldier(informal )Yankee

Yankee /�j�ŋki/ noun the twenty-fifthletter of the phonetic alphabet (Yy)yard

yard /jɑ�d/ noun 1. a unit of linearmeasure corresponding to 3 feet or0.9144 metres � There are 1,760 yardsin a mile. 2. an area of enclosed groundattached to a building � The vehicleswere parked in the yard next to HQ.yd

yd abbreviation yard (NOTE: The pluralform is yds.)yeoman

yeoman /�jəυm(ə)n/ noun 1. a pettyofficer in charge of signals 2. US a pettyofficer responsible for clerical dutiesyeomanry

yeomanry /�jəυmənri/ noun a unit ofvolunteer cavalry (historical )

COMMENT: Certain armoured regi-ments in the Territorial Army (TA) re-tain their historical title of Yeomanry.

yield

yield /ji�ld/ noun the amount of explo-sive power produced by a nuclear weap-on � verb � to yield ground to with-draw, to go back from � The brigadewas forced to yield the high ground infront of Skalice.

COMMENT: The explosive yield of nu-clear weapons is measured in kilo-tons or megatons.

Y-junction

Y-junction /�wa �d%�ŋkʃ(ə)n/ noun aplace where a single road divides intotwo. � forkyob

yob /jɒb/, yobbo /�jɒbəυ/ noun an un-sophisticated youth or young man, whobehaves in a rude, inconsiderate and of-ten aggressive manner (slang) � The pa-trol was attacked by a crowd of yobs. �

We’ve been getting a lot of aggro fromthe local yobbos.yomp

yomp /jɒmp/ (slang) noun a longmarch across country � verb to marchacross country, usually a long distanceyouth

youth /ju�θ/ noun a person of an ap-proximate age between 13 and 18 years� The patrol was attacked by a crowd ofyouths. (NOTE: The plural form isyouths /ju�ðz/.)


ZEBRA - Zzzap

zap /z�p/ verb US to shoot dead(slang) � He zapped three of the enemy.zariba

zariba /zə |�ri�bə/ noun Arabic a defen-sive enclosure made from pieces ofthorn bush � The guerrilla base wasprotected by a thick zariba.zed bag

zed bag /�zed b�(/ noun a sleepingbagzero

zero /�zərəυ/ noun a figure 0 (noughtor nil) � verb to ensure that a weapon isaccurate, by firing a few rounds at a tar-get and then adjusting the sights as re-quired � 3 Section are zeroing theirweapons.Zeus-23

Zeus-23 /�zju�s twent �θri�/ noun USan informal nickname for the Soviet-de-signed ZSU-23–4 self-propelled anti-aircraft gunzilch

zilch /zltʃ/ noun US nothing (slang) �We observed the bridge for six hours butsaw zilch.zone

zone /zəυn/ noun an area or regionwhich has some specific importance orpurpose

ZSU

ZSU noun a Soviet-designed series ofself-propelled anti-aircraft gunsZSU-23–4

ZSU-23–4 noun a 1960s-era weapon,fitted with four radar-controlled 23mmcannon (NOTE: The Russian nicknamefor this is the Shilka.)Zulu

Zulu /�zu�lu�/ noun the twenty-sixthletter of the phonetic alphabet (Zz)zulu muster

zulu muster /�zu�lu� �m�stə/ nounthe location in the field where vehiclesare kept when not in useZulu time

Zulu time /�zu�lu� �tam/ noun Green-wich Mean Time (GMT); that is, the lo-cal time on the meridian at Greenwich,London, which is used to calculate in-ternational time � H-Hour at 0600Z

COMMENT: Greenwich Mean Time orZulu time is used by NATO forces onoperations.

Zuni

Zuni /�zu�ni/ noun an American-de-signed unguided rocket, designed to befired by an aircraft at a ground target


SUPPLEMENTS

The Phonetic AlphabetNumbersTimings

Military Rank StructureFormal Orders

Example of Formal OrdersMilitary Grouping Symbols

The Phonetic AlphabetCertain letters of the alphabet sound very similar, especially when a person istalking on the telephone or radio. The phonetic alphabet is designed to preventconfusion, by using a distinctive word to represent each letter.

Aa Alpha* ��lfəBb Bravo �brɑvəυCc Charlie �tʃɑlDd Delta �deltəEe Echo �ekəυFf Foxtrot fɒkstrɒtGg Golf �ɒlfHh Hotel həυ�telIi India �ndiəJj Juliet �d�uli�ətKk Kilo �kiləυLl Lima �liməMm Mike makNn November nə�vembəOo Oscar �ɒskəPp Papa �pɑpəQq Quebec kw�bekRr Romeo �rəυmiəυSs Sierra si�erəTt Tango �t�n�əυUu Uniform �junfɔmVv Victor �vktəWW Whisky** �wskiXx X-Ray �eks�reYy Yankee �j�nkiZz Zulu �zulu

* Alfa in US English** Whiskey in US English

Numbers0 zero [�zərəυ] 10 ten [ten]1 one [w$n] 11 eleven [�lev(ə)n]2 two [tu] 12 twelve [twelv]3 three [θri] 13 thirteen [�θ&�tin]4 four [fɔ] 14 fourteen [�fɔ�tin]5 five [fav] 15 fifteen [�fif�tin]6 six [sks] 16 sixteen [�sk�stin]7 seven [�sev(ə)n] 17 seventeen[�sevən�tin]8 eight [et] 18 eighteen [�e�tin]9 nine [nan] 19 nineteen [�nan�tin]

Note: when speaking on the radio, 9 is often pronounced [�nanə]

20 twenty [�twenti] 30 thirty [�θ&ti]21 twenty-one 31 thirty-one22 twenty-two 32 thirty-two23 twenty-three 40 forty [�fɔti]24 twenty-four 50 fifty [�ffti]25 twenty-five 60 sixty [�sksti]26 twenty-six 70 seventy [�sev(ə)nti]27 twenty-seven 80 eighty [�eti]28 twenty-eight 90 ninety [�nanti]29 twenty-nine 100 one hundred [w$n �h$ndrəd]

101 one hundred and one 200 two hundred110 one hundred and ten 700 seven hundred115 one hundred and fifteen 850 eight hundred and fifty125 one hundred and twenty-five 900 nine hundred

1,000 one thousand [w$n �θaυz(ə)nd]

1,001 one thousand and one 10,250 ten thousand, two hundred1,025 one thousand and twenty-five and fifty1,100 one thousand, one hundred 15, 000 fifteen thousand

or eleven hundred 20,000 twenty thousand1,155 one thousand, one 25,000 twenty-five thousand

hundred and fifty-five 100,000 one hundred thousand1,500 one thousand, five hundred 250,000 two hundred and fifty

or fifteen hundred thousand2,000 two thousand 255,000 two hundred and fifty-five10,000 ten thousand thousand

1,000,000 one million [w$n �mljən]

TimingsTo avoid confusion, the twenty-four-hour clock is used in military timings:

1am = 01002pm = 14008:15am = 08158:45pm = 2045

Verbal timings are given as follows:1400 = fourteen hundred1515 = fifteen fifteen1435 = fourteen thirty-five1528 = fifteen twenty-eight1500 = fifteen hundred

A single 0 in the timing is normally pronounced as ‘zero’:0800 = zero eight hundred0805 = zero eight zero five

Note: This does not apply to a single 0 at the end:1110 = eleven ten1620 = sixteen twenty

Note: A single 0 at the beginning of a timing is sometimespronounced like the letter O:0500 = O five hundred0830 = O eight thirty0605 = O six zero five0955 = O nine thirty-five

Midnight is usually avoided as a timing. When it is used, it may be given inseveral different ways:

2400 = twenty-four hundred2359 = twenty-three fifty-nine0001 = zero zero zero one

Note: Timings between midnight and 0100 are given as follows:0005 = zero zero zero five0015 = zero zero fifteen0035 = zero zero thirty-five

In order to indicate timing, the word ‘hours’ is usually added to the end. Inwritten timings, this is abbreviated to ‘hrs’:

0300hrs = zero three hundred hours1210hrs = twelve ten hours

On Operations, NATO forces normally use Greenwich Mean Time (GMT),which is also known as Zulu time, regardless of the time of the country inwhich they are operating:

1010Z = ten ten hours Zulu time

Note: Other time zones around the world are identified by differentletters of the alphabet. The time of the country in which one isoperating is also known as ‘local time’, for example: ‘The generalwill be arriving at 1430 hrs local time.’

Military Ranks of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand

Army Marines Navy Air Force Field Marshal 1 Admiral

of the Fleet Marshal of the Royal Air Force

General General Admiral Air Chief Marshal

Lieutenant-General

Lieutenant-General

Vice-Admiral Air Marshal

Major-General Major-Admiral Rear-Admiral Air Vice Marshal

Brigadier Brigadier Commodore Air Commodore

Colonel Colonel Captain Group Captain

Lieutenant-Colonel

Lieutenant-Colonel

Commander Wing Commander

Major Major Lieutenant-Commander

Squadron Leader

Captain Captain Lieutenant

Flight Lieutenant

Lieutenant Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Flying Officer

Second Lieutenant

Second Lieutenant

Pilot Officer

Midshipman

*

Warrant Officer (1st, 2nd Class)

Warrant Officer (1st, 2nd Class)

Warrant Officer Warrant Officer

Colour/Staff Sergeant

Colour Sergeant

Chief Petty Officer

Flight Sergeant

Chief Technician

Sergeant Sergeant Petty Officer Sergeant

Corporal Corporal Leading Rate2 Corporal

Lance-Corporal Lance-Corporal

Private Marine 1st Class

Able Rate3 Junior Technician/

Senior Aircraftman Marine

2nd Class Leading

Aircraftman/ Aircraftman

* Indicates the end of officer rank

1 Marine Service is not applicable for Australia and New Zealand. 2 Leading Rate: also called ‘Leading Seaman’ in some forces. 3 Able Rate: also called ‘Able Seaman’ in some forces.

Military Ranks of the United States

Army Marines Navy Air Force General of the Army (wartime)

Fleet Admiral (wartime)

General of the Air Force (wartime)

General General Admiral General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Lieutenant General Major General Major General Rear Admiral

Upper Half Major General

Brigadier General Brigadier General Rear Admiral Lower Half

Brigadier General

Colonel Colonel Captain Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Commander Lieutenant Colonel Major Major Lieutenant

Commander Major

Captain Captain Lieutenant Captain First Lieutenant First Lieutenant Lieutenant Junior

Grade First Lieutenant

Second Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Ensign Second Lieutenant

*

Chief Warrant Officer 2-5



Chief Warrant Officer 1

Chief Warrant Officer 1

Chief Warrant Officer 1 (no longer in use)

Sergeant Major of the Army

Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

Command Sergeant Major & Sergeant Major

Sergeant Major & Master Gunnery Sergeant

Fleet/ Command Master Chief Petty Officer & Master Chief Petty Officer

Command Chief Master Sergeant, Chief Master Sergeant & First Sergeant

First Sergeant & Master Sergeant

First Sergeant & Master Sergeant

Senior Chief Petty Officer

Senior Master Sergeant & First Sergeant

Sergeant First Class

Gunnery Sergeant Chief Petty Officer Master Sergeant & First Sergeant

Staff Sergeant Staff Sergeant Petty Officer 1st Class

Technical Sergeant

Sergeant Sergeant Petty Officer 2nd Class

Staff Sergeant

Corporal & Specialist

Corporal Petty Officer 3rd Class

Senior Airman

Private First Class Lance Corporal Seaman Airman First Class Private Private First Class Seaman

Apprentice Airman

Private Private Seaman Recruit Airman Basic * Indicates the end of officer rank

Military Ranks of Canada

Army and Air Force Navy General Admiral

Lieutenant General Vice Admiral

Major General Rear Admiral

Brigadier General Commodore

Colonel Captain

Lieutenant Colonel Commander

Major Lieutenant Commander

Captain Lieutenant

Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant

Second Lieutenant Acting Sub Lieutenant

* Chief Warrant Officer Chief Petty Officer (1st Class)

Master Warrant Officer Chief Petty Officer (2nd Class)

Warrant Officer Petty Officer (1st Class)

Sergeant Petty Officer (2nd Class)

Master Corporal Master Seaman

Corporal Leading Seaman

Private Able Seaman

Ordinary Seaman

* Indicates the end of officer rank

Formal OrdersThe British Army and the US Army both use the same standard format forissuing orders. This can be applied to any type of operation or task and isdesigned to ensure that no important points are omitted. The followingsequence is always used:

1. GROUND:A detailed description of the terrain over which the operation or task will becarried out.

2. SITUATION:a. Enemy Forces: i.e. locations, strengths, organization, current activity

and future intentionsb. Friendly Forces: i.e. overall plan of the higher formation and

locations and tasks of neighbouring groupingsc. Attachments and Detachments: i.e. any sub-units which are attached

to the grouping for this operation, and any of the grouping’s ownsub-units which have been detached for other tasks.

3. MISSION:A simple and concise statement, which explains exactly what the grouping istrying to achieve, for example: ‘our mission is to capture the bridge at grid324599’.

4. EXECUTION:a. Concept of Operations: i.e. a general outine of how the operation is

intended to proceedb. Detailed Tasks: i.e. specific tasks allocated to each sub-unit of the

groupingc. Coordinating Instructions: e.g. timings, orders for opening fire,

indirect-fire support, actions to be carried out in the event ofsomething going wrong etc.

5. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS:General administrative details such as: ammunition, equipment, food and water,medical facilities etc.

6. COMMAND AND SIGNAL:a. Command: i.e. command structure of the grouping and nomination of

alternative commanders in the event of casualtiesb. Signal: e.g. radio frequencies, codes and codewords, report lines,

passwords etc.

Example of Formal Orders6 Platoon, which is part of B Company, is about to take part in a battalionattack. The platoon commander has prepared the following orders:

1.GROUND:The feature we are attacking is Ladna Hill, which runs from north to southalong the 44 easting, from the 07 northing to the 04 northing. The companyobjective is the northern end of the feature. The northern slope is quite steepand consists of grass, with scattered gorse bushes. 500 metres to the north ofLadna Hill is a road, which will form our line of departure. To the north of theroad is an area of dead ground, which will be used as our FUP.

2. SITUATION:a. Enemy Forces:Ladna Hill is occupied by a company of the 7th Infantry Regiment. They arewell dug in and are expected to stand and fight. There is a platoon position onthe southern end of the feature, facing south-west, and a second platoon on thecentre of the hill facing west. The third platoon is on the northern end facingnorth and their position is our company objective. The platoon has two sectionsforward and one in reserve. The forward right section (as we look at it) is in thearea of grid 433064. The reserve section is in the area of grid 437063. Theforward left section (as we look at it) is in the area of grid 437067. There arefour trenches in this position, two of which are on the forward edge of a patchof gorse, while the other two are on a grass slope approximately 50 metres tothe rear. The forward left section is our platoon objective.

b. Friendly Forces:The battalion has been ordered to capture Ladna Hill by 1200hrs tomorrow. Theattack will be in two phases. In phase 1, B Company will capture the platoonposition on the northern end of the hill. This must be accomplished by firstlight. In phase 2, A and C Companies will assault the other two enemy platoonsin the centre and south, while B Company provides fire support from thenorthern end. B Company’s attack will be carried out in darkness. 5 Platoonwill assault the forward right section, while we assault the forward left. Onceboth section positions have been captured, 7 platoon will move through us, inorder to assault the rear section. There are no friendly units to our left. Whenthe entire position is secure, 5 and 7 Platoons will prepare to provide firesupport for phase 2 of the battalion attack, while we remain on the northernslope in order to cover the rear.

c. Attachments and Detachments:41 Field Battery will be on call to B Company during phase 1 and an FOO willbe attached to Company HQ. We will have L/Cpl. Smedhurst from the MortarPlatoon to act as MFC.

3. MISSION:6 Platoon’s mission is to capture the enemy section position at grid 437067.

Example of Formal Orders continued4. EXECUTION:a. General Outline:The company will leave this location at 2000hrs and move to the FUP at grid433074. Once there, the platoon will deploy into assault formation, with 1Section forward left, 3 Section forward right and 2 Section in reserve. PlatoonHQ will be between 1 and 3 Sections. 5 Platoon will be on our right and 7Platoon to the rear.

At 2130hrs, the company will move forward to the road which forms our line ofdeparture. H-Hour is at 2200hrs. We will then advance directly towards our ob-jective. Once we come under effective enemy fire, the platoon will skirmish bysections up to the forward edge of the enemy position.

Then the sections will break down into fireteams in order to assault the individ-ual trenches. As soon as the rear trenches have been taken, the platoon will gofirm. Once both our objective and 5 Platoon’s objective are secure, 7 Platoonwill move forward to assault the depth enemy section. When the entire com-pany objective is secure, the platoon will reorganize and occupy the enemytrenches in order to cover the northern approaches to the hill. Meanwhile, 5 and7 Platoons will move forward to take up their fire positions for phase 2.

b. Detailed Tasks:1 Section will be forward left in the assault. Your objectives are the twoleft-hand trenches. On reorganization, you will occupy all the trenches on ourobjective.

3 Section will be forward right in the assault. Your objectives are the tworight-hand trenches. You are also to keep the platoon commander informed of 5Platoon’s progress. On reorganization, you will occupy the trenches on 5Platoon’s objective.

2 Section will be in reserve. You will move to the rear of 1 Section and willalso cover our left flank. Remember, there are no friendly units to our left. Youmust be prepared to support either of the two forward sections as required. Onreorganization, you will occupy the trenches on 7 Platoon’s objective. L/Cpl.Smedhurst will move with platoon headquarters.

c. Coordinating Instructions:(1) Timings: 1700 - meal

1800 - last light1930 - ready to move2000 - move to FUP2130 - move to line of departure2200 - H-Hour0615 - first light (company objective must be taken by then)

(2) Indirect Fire Support: sections may request mortar fire on the platoon net.We have also been allocated twenty illuminating rounds.

Example of Formal Orders continued5. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS:a. Ammunition: in addition to his magazines, each man will carry 2 bandoliers,4 anti-personnel grenades and 2 WP grenades.b. Equipment: bergens are to be left at this location.c. Rations: a hot meal will be provided at 1700hrs. Each man will carry tworation packs. Water will be resupplied at 1700hrs.d. Medical: the RAP will be at grid 401079

6. COMMAND AND SIGNAL:a. Command: in the event of the platoon commander and platoon sergeantbecoming casualties, the order of seniority is Cpl. Smith., Cpl. Hobbs,Cpl. Rigby.b. Frequencies: as shown in the company signals instructions.c. Call signs: L/Cpl. Smedhurst’s call sign is 42Dd. Codewords: Peter Ross – 5 Platoon’s objective secure

Jock Scott – 6 Platoon’s objective secureWilly Gunn – 7 platoon’s objective secure

e. Password: Brick – Church

Military Grouping Symbols

Grouping Size

Section/Squad � Brigade xPlatoon �� Division xxCompany ❙ Corps xxxBattalion ❙ ❙ Army xxxxRegiment ❙ ❙ ❙

Arms

armour armoured armoured or infantry(i.e. tanks) reconnaissance mechanized infantry

artillery air defence engineer signals

vehicle repair medical ordnance transportand recovery

Examples

infantry infantry infantry infantrysection platoon company battalion

Notes:1. In the British Army:a. A platoon-sized grouping of tanks and certain supporting arms is known as a troopb. A company-sized grouping of tanks and certain supporting arms is known as

a squadronc. A battalion-sized grouping of tanks and certain supporting arms is known as a regiment

2. In the US Army:a. A company-sized armoured cavalry grouping is known as a troopb. A battalion-sized armoured cavalry grouping is known as a squadron

3. In most armies, a company-sized grouping of artillery is known as a battery

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