Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1

Irish StandardI.S. EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009

No copying without NSAI permission except as permitted by copyright law.© NSAI 2009

Flanges and their joints - Design rules forgasketed circular flange connections -Part 1: Calculation method

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23.040.60

11 May, 2009

EN 1591-1:2001+A1:200926 October, 2001EN 1591-1:2001

This document was publishedunder the authority of the NSAIand comes into effect on:

1 Swift Square,Northwood, SantryDublin 9

T +353 1 807 3800F +353 1 807 3838E [email protected]

Údarás um Chaighdeáin Náisiúnta na hÉireann

W

ICS number:

11 March, 2009

T +353 1 857 6730F +353 1 857 6729W standards.ie

EN 1591-1:2001/A1:2009EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2010EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2011

EN 1591-1:2001

I.S. xxx: Irish Standard – national specification based on the consensus of an expert panel andsubject to public consultation.

S.R. xxx: Standard Recommendation - recommendation based on the consensus of an expertpanel and subject to public consultation.

SWiFT xxx: A rapidly developed recommendatory document based on the consensus of theparticipants of an NSAI workshop.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC

April 2011 Avril 2011 April 2011

ICS 23.040.60

English version Version Française Deutsche Fassung

Flanges and their joints - Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1: Calculation method

Brides et leurs assemblages - Règles de calcul des assemblages à brides circulaires

avec joint - Partie 1: Méthode de calcul

Flansche und Flanschverbindungen - Regeln für die Auslegung von

Flanschverbindungen mit runden Flanschen und Dichtung - Teil 1:

Berechnungsmethode

This corrigendum becomes effective on 13 April 2011 for incorporation in the three official language versions of the EN. Ce corrigendum prendra effet le 13 avril 2011 pour incorporation dans les trois versions linguistiques officielles de la EN. Die Berichtigung tritt am 13.April 2011 zur Einarbeitung in die drei offiziellen Sprachfassungen der ENin Kraft.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Tous droits d'exploitation sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit réservés dans le monde entier aux membres nationaux du CEN. Alle Rechte der Verwertung, gleich in welcher Form und in welchem Verfahren, sind weltweit den nationalen Mitgliedern von CEN vorbehalten.

Ref. No.:EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2011 D/E/F

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EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2011 (E)

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Modifications due to EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2010

1 Modifications to Clause 3

3.3, line with symbol nB Replace "Number of bolts, equations (1), (4), (33), (34)" with "Number of bolts, Equations (1), (4), (33), (34), (56a), (56b), (58a), (58b), (D.1), (D.2), (D.8), (D.9), (D.10)".

3.3, line with symbols ФB, ФF, ФG, ФL, ФX Replace "(72)" with "(72c)".


4.1.3.3, Note Replace "hN" with "hH".

4.1.4.1, Equation (19) Replace "γ" with "λ".

4.1.4.1, Equation (20) Replace Equation (20) completely with the following editorially improved one: "

cF = (1 + γ ϑ) / {1 + γ ϑ [4 (1 - 3 λ + 3 λ2) + 6 (1 – 2 λ) ϑ + 6 ϑ2] + 3 γ 2 ϑ4 } (20)".

4.1.4.2, Equation (29) Replace " DGe" with "dGe".

4.3.3, Equation (42) Replace Equation (20) completely with the following: "

XG = (eG /AGt) × (bGt + eG /2) / (bGe + eG /2) (42)".

4.3.3, Table 1, line "Type 1", last column, line below equation for bGi Replace complete sentence with the following: "

EGm = EG0 , where the value for EG0 will be calculated for the pressure of QG0 = FG0/AGe, for flat metallic ring gaskets with rectangular cross section.".

4.3.3, Table 1, line "Type 2", last column, first equation, bGi = ... Replace "Qmax" with "Qmax,y".


5.1.2.3, Equation (45), first line Replace "eB" with "lB".

5.1.2.3, line below Equation (45), equation after "Herein shall hold:" Replace " BGLLFtFt eeeeee =++++ ~~~ "

with " BGLLFtFt leeeee =++++ ~~ ".

5.3.2, Equation (50) Replace "Qsmin(L)I" with "QSmin(L)I".

5.4.1, 3rd paragraph Replace "repeated from equation (38)," with "repeated from Equation (37),".

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5.4.2, 2nd paragraph Replace "nb" with "nB".

5.4.2, Equations (56a), (56b), (58a) and (58b) Replace four times "nb" with "nB".


6.2, Equation (71) Replace Equation (71) completely with the following: "

13122

≤

+

=

B

t,B

B

B

BB I

MC

AF

fΦ (71)".

6.2, first note Replace ", see 6.1)" with ", see 5.4.2)".

6.3, Equation (72a) Replace Equation (72a) completely with the following: "

Qmax,Y = QSmax / {1 + c1 × (bG /eG)ref} (72a)".

6.3, Equation (72b) Replace Equation (72b) completely with the following: "

Qmax = QSmax × {1 + c1 × (bG /eG)actual}/{1 + c1 × (bG /eG)ref} (72b)".

6.4, Equation (74), symbol ψ in round brackets Replace "ψopt × ψ" with "ψopt × ψZ".

6.4, Equation (77), second equation Replace "δR = FR / (fE × dE × cosϕS)" with "δR = FR / (fE × π × dE × eD × cosϕS)".

6.4, Equation (79), upper line Replace "– 0,75 × δR)" with "– 0,75 × δQ)".

6.4, Equation (79), lower line Replace "– 0,25 × δR)" with "– 0,25 × δQ)".

6.4, Equation (82) Replace complete Equation (82) with the following: "

( )FFF

SDEE,k,kj ebf

edfΨSMS ×××

×××=

2cosϕ

( )

××+×××

××+××−×+××SE

MSSMDSSEPQSRQ d

) k j ( cc e k jdeδδδ,ϕ

ϕ 3cos1

2tan50 (82)".

6.4, Equation (84), left side of equation Replace "ΨΨΨΨopt = " with "ΨΨΨΨ0 = ".

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EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2011 (E)

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5 Modifications to Annex E

E.3, Equation (E.7) Replace complete Equation (E.7) with the following: "

FGI min = { FG0 min × YG0 × PQRI – [FQI × YQI + (FRI × YRI – FR0 × YR0) + ∆UI ] } / YGI (E.7)".


FGI max = { FG0 max × YG0 × PQRI – [FQI × YQI + (FRI × YRI – FR0 × YR0) + ∆UI ] } / YGI (E.8)".

Modification due to EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2011

6 Modification to Clause 6


( ) ( ){( ) ( ) } 0,121;61

;2161max

FGeRGe3

QB

GeRGe3

QGBF

≤×−××−×+×

×−×+×−×+×=

WdFdFhF

dFdFhF

G ρρ

ρρΦ (85)".

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC

September 2010 Septembre 2010 September 2010

ICS 23.040.60

English version Version Française Deutsche Fassung


Brides et leurs assemblages - Règles de calcul des assemblages à brides circulaires

avec joint - Partie 1: Méthode de calcul

Flansche und Flanschverbindungen - Regeln für die Auslegung von

Flanschverbindungen mit runden Flanschen und Dichtung - Teil 1:

Berechnungsmethode

This corrigendum becomes effective on 29 September 2010 for incorporation in the three official language versions of the EN. Ce corrigendum prendra effet le 29 septembre 2010 pour incorporation dans les trois versions linguistiques officielles de la EN. Die Berichtigung tritt am 29.September 2010 zur Einarbeitung in die drei offiziellen Sprachfassungen der EN in Kraft.



© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Tous droits d'exploitation sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit réservés dans le monde entier aux membres nationaux du CEN. Alle Rechte der Verwertung, gleich in welcher Form und in welchem Verfahren, sind weltweit den nationalen Mitgliedern von CEN vorbehalten.

Ref. No.:EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009/AC:2010 D/E/F

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3.3, line with symbol nB Replace "Number of bolts, equations (1), (4), (33), (34)" with "Number of bolts, Equations (1), (4), (33), (34), (56a), (56b), (58a), (58b), (D.1), (D.2), (D.8), (D.9), (D.10)".

3.3, line with symbols ФB, ФF, ФG, ФL, ФX Replace "(72)" with "(72c)".


4.1.3.3, Note Replace "hN" with "hH".

4.1.4.1, Equation (19) Replace "γ" with "λ".

4.1.4.1, Equation (20) Replace Equation (20) completely with the following editorially improved one: "

cF = (1 + γ ϑ) / {1 + γ ϑ [4 (1 - 3 λ + 3 λ2) + 6 (1 – 2 λ) ϑ + 6 ϑ2] + 3 γ 2 ϑ4 } (20)".

4.1.4.2, Equation (29) Replace " DGe" with "dGe".

4.3.3, Equation (42) Replace Equation (20) completely with the following: "

XG = (eG /AGt) × (bGt + eG /2) / (bGe + eG /2) (42)".

4.3.3, Table 1, line "Type 1", last column, line below equation for bGi Replace complete sentence with the following: "

EGm = EG0 , where the value for EG0 will be calculated for the pressure of QG0 = FG0/AGe, for flat metallic ring gaskets with rectangular cross section.".

4.3.3, Table 1, line "Type 2", last column, first equation, bGi = ... Replace "Qmax" with "Qmax,y".


5.1.2.3, Equation (45), first line Replace "eB" with "lB".

5.1.2.3, line below Equation (45), equation after "Herein shall hold:" Replace " BGLLFtFt eeeeee =++++ ~~~ "

with " BGLLFtFt leeeee =++++ ~~ ".

5.3.2, Equation (50) Replace "Qsmin(L)I" with "QSmin(L)I".

5.4.1, 3rd paragraph Replace "repeated from equation (38)," with "repeated from Equation (37),".

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5.4.2, 2nd paragraph Replace "nb" with "nB".

5.4.2, Equations (56a), (56b), (58a) and (58b) Replace four times "nb" with "nB".



13122

≤

+

=

B

t,B

B

B

BB I

MC

AF

fΦ (71)".

6.2, first note Replace ", see 6.1)" with ", see 5.4.2)".

6.3, Equation (72a) Replace Equation (72a) completely with the following: "

Qmax,Y = QSmax / {1 + c1 × (bG /eG)ref} (72a)".

6.3, Equation (72b) Replace Equation (72b) completely with the following: "

Qmax = QSmax × {1 + c1 × (bG /eG)actual}/{1 + c1 × (bG /eG)ref} (72b)".

6.4, Equation (74), symbol ψ in round brackets Replace "ψopt × ψ" with "ψopt × ψZ".

6.4, Equation (77), second equation Replace "δR = FR / (fE × dE × cosϕS)" with "δR = FR / (fE × π × dE × eD × cosϕS)".

6.4, Equation (79), upper line Replace "– 0,75 × δR)" with "– 0,75 × δQ)".

6.4, Equation (79), lower line Replace "– 0,25 × δR)" with "– 0,25 × δQ)".

6.4, Equation (82) Replace complete Equation (82) with the following: "

( )FFF

SDEE,k,kj ebf

edfΨSMS ×××

×××=

2cosϕ

( )

××+×××

××+××−×+××SE

MSSMDSSEPQSRQ d

) k j ( cc e k jdeδδδ,ϕ

ϕ 3cos1

2tan50 (82)".

6.4, Equation (84), left side of equation Replace "ΨΨΨΨopt = " with "ΨΨΨΨ0 = ".

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5 Modifications to Annex E


FGI min = { FG0 min × YG0 × PQRI – [FQI × YQI + (FRI × YRI – FR0 × YR0) + ∆UI ] } / YGI (E.7)".


FGI max = { FG0 max × YG0 × PQRI – [FQI × YQI + (FRI × YRI – FR0 × YR0) + ∆UI ] } / YGI (E.8)".

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 1591-1:2001+A1

March 2009

ICS 23.040.60 Supersedes EN 1591-1:2001

English Version


Brides et leurs assemblages - Règles de calcul des assemblages à brides circulaires avec joint - Partie 1:

Méthode de calcul

Flansche und ihre Verbindungen - Regeln für die Auslegung von Flanschverbindungen mit runden Flanschen

und Dichtung - Teil 1: Berechnungsmethode

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 7 February 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.



© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009: E

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Contents Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3

1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................61.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................61.2 Requirement for use of the Calculation method ................................................................................61.3 Validity ....................................................................................................................................................6

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................8

3 Notation ..................................................................................................................................................93.1 Use of figures .........................................................................................................................................93.2 Subscripts and special marks ..............................................................................................................93.3 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................... 103.4 Terminology ........................................................................................................................................ 14

4 Calculation parameters ...................................................................................................................... 244.1 Flange parameters .............................................................................................................................. 254.2 Bolt parameters ................................................................................................................................... 294.3 Gasket parameters.............................................................................................................................. 29

5 Internal forces (in the joint) ............................................................................................................... 325.1 Applied loads ...................................................................................................................................... 325.2 Compliance of the joint ...................................................................................................................... 335.3 Minimum forces necessary for the gasket ....................................................................................... 335.4 Internal forces in assembly condition (I = 0).................................................................................... 345.5 Internal forces in subsequent conditions (I = 1, 2, …) .................................................................... 36

6 Checking of the admissibility of the load ratio ................................................................................ 366.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 366.2 Bolts ..................................................................................................................................................... 376.3 Gasket .................................................................................................................................................. 386.4 Integral flange and collar ................................................................................................................... 386.5 Blank flange ......................................................................................................................................... 396.6 Loose flange with collar ..................................................................................................................... 40

Annex A (informative) Requirement for limitation of non-uniformity of gasket stress ............................. 41

Annex B (informative) Dimensions of standard metric bolts ...................................................................... 42

Annex C (informative) Scatter of bolting-up methods .................................................................................. 43

Annex D (informative) Assembly using torque wrench ................................................................................ 44

Annex E (informative) Flange rotations ......................................................................................................... 46E.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 46E.2 Use of flange rotation ......................................................................................................................... 46E.3 Calculation of flange rotations .......................................................................................................... 46

Annex F (informative) Diagram of calculation sequence ............................................................................. 48

Annex G (informative) Joints with spacer-seated flanges ........................................................................... 50G.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 50G.2 Behaviour of spacer-seated gaskets ................................................................................................ 50G.3 Simplified treatment ........................................................................................................................... 50

Annex H (normative) !!!!Use of the former creep factor gC"""" .................................................................... 55

Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC"""" ...................................................................................... 56

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 57

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Foreword

This document (EN 1591-1:2001+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 74 "Flanges and their joints", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009.

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-02-07.

This document supersedes EN 1591-1:2001.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is considered as a supporting standard to other application and product standards which in themselves support an essential safety requirement of a New Approach Directive and will appear as a normative reference in them. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. EN 1591 consists of two parts: – EN 1591-1 Flanges and their joints – Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections – Part 1: Calculation method – !EN 1591-2" Flanges and their joints – Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections – Part 2: Gasket parameters The Calculation method satisfies both leaktightness and strength criteria. The behaviour of the complete flanges-bolts-gasket system is considered. Parameters taken into account include not only basic ones such as: – fluid pressure; – material strength values of flanges, bolts and gaskets; – gasket compression factors; – nominal bolt load; but also: – possible scatter due to bolting up procedure; – changes in gasket force due to deformation of all components of the joint; – influence of connected shell or pipe; – effect of external axial forces and bending moments;

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– effect of temperature difference between bolts and flange ring Calculation for sealing performance is based on elastic analysis of the load/deformation relations between all parts of the flange connection, corrected by a possible plastic behaviour of the gasket material. Calculation for mechanical resistance is based on (plastic) limit analysis of the flange-shell combination. Both internal and external loads are considered. Load conditions covered include initial assembly, hydrostatic test, and all significant subsequent operating conditions. The calculation steps are broadly as follows:

1) First, the required minimum initial bolt load (to be reached at bolting-up) is determined, so that in any subsequent specified load condition, the residual force on the gasket will never be less than the minimum mean value required for the gasket (value is gasket data from !EN 1591-2", for instance). The determination of this load is iterative, because it depends on the effective gasket width, which itself depends on the initial bolt load.

2) Then, the internal forces that result from the selected value of initial bolt load are derived for all load

conditions, and the admissibility of combined external and internal forces is checked as follows:

bolting-up condition: the check is performed against the maximum possible bolt force that may result from the bolting-up procedure;

test and operating conditions: checks are performed against the minimum necessary forces, to ensure that the connection will be able to develop these minimum forces without risk of yielding, except in highly localized areas. Higher actual initial bolting results in (limited) plastic deformation in subsequent conditions (test, operation). But the checks so defined assure that these deformations will not reduce the bolt force to a value less than the minimum required.

If necessary, the flange rotations may be estimated in all load conditions, using annex E, and the values obtained, compared with the relevant gasket limits which could apply. Checks for admissibility of loads imply safety factors which are those applied to material yield stress or strength in the determination of the nominal design stresses used in the Calculation method. NOTE Where flanges are used to comply with other codes the Calculation method does not specify values for nominal stresses. Nevertheless, since all significant design parameters are accounted for, the use of low safety factors is made possible by special use of nominal design stresses:

for assembly conditions the nominal design stresses have the same values as for the hydraulic pressure tests (normally higher than for operating conditions);

– the nominal design stresses for the bolts are determined by the same rules as relevant for the flange and shell material e.g. same safety factor on yield stress.

The minimum force required on the gasket for leak tightness considerations may be established by two different ways:

1) Use of tabulated gasket factors, for example those given in !EN 1591-2", which are based on industrial experience and correspond to mainly gas and steam leak rates.

2) Derivation from measured leak rate versus gasket stress data, if available for the gasket, for example

as in !EN 1591-2". This permits design to be based on any specified maximum leak rate.

The use of this Calculation method is particularly useful for joints where the bolt load is monitored when bolting up. The greater the precision of this, the more benefit can be gained from application of the Calculation method. In the present stage of development, the Calculation method is not applicable to joints with narrow metal-to-metal contact (with the exception of joints with spacer seated flanges (see annex G)), or to joints whose rigidity varies appreciably across gasket width.

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A chart illustrating the calculation process is given in annex F. !The load calculated by the procedures outlined in this standard represent the minimum bolt load that should be applied to the gasket to achieve the required tightness class.

Increasing bolt load within acceptable load ratios of the flanges / bolt / gasket, reduces leak rates and produces a conservative design.

The designer may choose a bolt load between the load to achieve the tightness class and the load limited by the load ratios.

The objective for the publication of this new edition of EN 1591-1:2001 is to keep the standard in line with EN 1591-2:2008. The calculation methodology and interpretation of gasket data is the subject of on going work in Joint Working Group CEN/TC54/TC69/TC74/TC267/TC269/JWG. This publication is therefore transitory and will be updated in due course. EN 1591-1 is based upon the principle that a selected leakage rate is to be achieved. But, where there is no requirement on limitation of leakage, the following two modifications are suggested:

– In Equation (49) the gasket surface pressure QA may be replaced by Q0,min taken from EN 13445-3:2002, Annex G;

– In Equation (50) the gasket surface pressure Qsmin(L)I may be replaced by QI,min = mΙ × |PΙ|, with mΙ taken from EN 13445-3:2002, Annex G."

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1

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Transcript of Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections - Part 1