Davao CRM Situation and Recommendation

The Davao City Coastal Zone Management Situation and Recommendations, 2006 is developed

by the City Government of Davao and its constituents With technical assistance from the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources- United States Agency for International Development

(DENR-USAID) Philippine Environmental Governance (EcoGov) Project under USAID Contract No. PCE 1-00-99-00002-00 Task Order No. 813.

The views expressed and opinions contained in this report are those

of the authors and are not intended as statements of policy of USAID or the author’s parent organization.

Reproduction of this report in part or whole by any means is restricted without

written permission from the City Government of Davao.

Lines, paragraphs, sections, and other contents which shall be derived from this technical report must be quoted within the context

for which the purpose of this report was made. quotations must be attributed to:

Davao City Coastal Zone Management Situation and Recommendations,2006 as source.

Coastal Resources Management - Technical Working Group

Rocelio T. Tabay

Jovencio T. Umaguing CITY AGRICULTURIST OFFICE

Radzini Oledan- Estomagulang Meriam Faith P. Palma

OFFICE OF THE CITY PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR

Arnel C. Llido Rhoderick A. Aviles

Marie Antonette S. Pana CITY ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE

Richie Lanticse SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD

COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Mr. Crisanto E. Estabillo Ms. Michel D. Angelo

COASTAL AND MARINE MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Region XI

Mr. Efren Amalejo Ms. Aida Bautista

Ms. Theresa Lepardo COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE (EcoGov2) PROJECT

Acknowledgement

The Coastal Resource Management Technical Working Group (CRM TWG) assisted by the USAID-funded Philippine Environmental Governance (EcoGov2) Project would like to sincerely acknowledge the warm support of the following people, whom without their help, this task will not be completed. Hon. Rodrigo R. Duterte City Mayor Office of the City Administrator Atty. Wendel E. Avisado City Planning and Development Office Mario Luis J. Jacinto Cresencia de la Victoria Denton Siapno Luz Imsave Obial Araceli Malate Lito Jopson City Agriculture Office Jose Sargado Joselito Tabora Estelita Pilar Valdez Jackielou Franco Alice Barcelo The Agricultural Technologists and Staff of the Fisheries Resource Management Services City Environment and Natural Resources Office Ann Victoria G. Silvosa Engr. Jocelyn Z. Espina Martin T. Obrero Department of Environment and Natural Resources RED Ricardo L. Calderon RED Edilberto S. Buiser RTD Emmanuel E. Isip DENR Coastal and Marine Management Division Jeruel Aguhob Leland Briones Ariel Pliego Arlyn Gasang DENR CENRO Ryan Revilla

Our warmest appreciation also goes to the following members of the Legislative Department who gave their time and financial support in the conduct of the community consultation: Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Committee on Agriculture Sangguniang Panglunsod Hon. Atty. Arnolfo Ricardo B. Cabling Hon. Leonardo R. Avila III Hon. Conrado D. Baluran Mr. Leo Ariel Pepino Ms. Lenny Deles Ms. Eva Claire Trinidad The CRM TWG would also like to graciously thank the following who accepted our invitation to participate during the Barangay Validation Consultation Workshops: Hon. Antonio Lu and the people of Brgy. 27-C Hon. Edwardo B. Millondaga and the people of Brgy. 22-C Hon. Hernani Verde and the people of Brgy. 31-D Hon. Odelon Yngayo and the people of Brgy. 21-C Hon. Amil Manding and the people of Brgy. 23-C Hon. Danilo Andoy and the people of Brgy. Bago Aplaya Hon. Celso Tizon and the people of Brgy. 76-A Hon. Jessi Mar Culaste and the people of Brgy. Dumoy Hon. Jimmy Poliquit and the people of Brgy. Matina Aplaya Hon. Artemio Jimenez and the people of Brgy. Talomo Proper Hon. Nonato Bolos and the people of Brgy. Centro Hon. Alberto Almoroto and the people of Brgy. Lapu-Lapu Hon. Arturo Yu and the people of Brgy. Leon Garcia Hon. Leonardo Dagohoy and the people of Brgy. Duterte Hon. Dioscoro Sampaga and the people of Brgy. Pampanga Hon. Juanito Flores and the people of Brgy. Sasa Hon. Salvador S. del Rosario and the people of Brgy. Vicente Hizon Sr. Hon. Guillermo Gomez and the people of Brgy. Bunawan Hon. Romeo Cabling and the people of Brgy. Ilang Hon. Jeannette N. Rodas and the people of Brgy. Lasang Hon. Arnold Apostol and the people of Brgy. Panacan Hon. Danilo Deles and the people of Brgy. Tibungco Hon. Francisco Lonzaga and the people of Brgy. Binugao Hon. Lolito Sucayre and the people of Brgy. Daliao Hon. Ramon Reyes and the people of Brgy. Lizada Hon. Racman Lingas and the people of Brgy. Sirawan

Our data gathering would not be complete without the cordial support of the following: Philippine Ports Authority XI

8th District Philippine Coast Guard

206th Tactical Helicopter Squadron, Tactical Operations Group, Philippine Air Force

City Tourism Office

DENR Environmental Management Bureau

Task Force Pawikan

Association of Fisherfolks of Davao City

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources XI

Cristie Navacilla-Garcia

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Davao City Coastal Zone Management: Situation and Recommendations The coastal and marine resources of Davao City contribute significantly to the economy of the City and livelihood of its constituents. The city waters cover an area of 19,827 hectares, about 10 % of the total area of Davao Gulf which is a major fishing area and priority biodiversity conservation area in the Celebes Sea. 26 out of the 182 barangays of Davao are in coastal areas. Notably, 43 percent or 104,204 households out of the total 240,057 households in the city living in the coastal areas are directly dependent on the resources of the sea for their survival. Among the major uses of these resources are coastal land areas which are settlement centers and fishery resources which are important sources of livelihood and income for a significant portion of the City’s population. The fisheries is also the basis for a major trade industry. The coastal waters of Davao City is a common fishing ground. Information gathered through PCRA 2002 and validated during the Barangay Consultation of 2005 show that fishers in a certain barangay are not confined in their coastal barangay for their fishing operations. The estimated total fishery in Davao City is 6,600 metric tons (mt). Of this 4,446 mt and 2,157 mt came from commercial and municipal fishing, respectively. The estimated total value of the capture fisheries production amounted to P488 million. Another significant use of the City’s coastal land areas are commercial establishments and industries situated within the coastal barangays. There are 6,390 commercial establishments registered as of 2004. These commercial establishments have high economic value to the City’s local economy. Total Gross Sales in 2004 amounted to P30 Billion. These establishments also generate employment among the local people. As of 2004, 20,117 employees were benefiting from the operations of these establishments. However, despite the substantial reliance on coastal and marine resources, the socio-economic and ecological values of the coastal areas have not been sufficiently addressed and taken into account in the city’s development programs. The increasing economic activities have taken its toll on the resources which poses an urgent need for an integrated management effort towards the sustainable development of these resources. Part of the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed by the City Government with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)-XI and the Philippine Environmental Governance Project 2 (EcoGov 2) last June 9, 2005 was directed towards improving coastal resources management. It identifies technical assistance in the determination of coastal management zones as the framework for an integrated city-wide CRM plan. This is in recognition of the need to arrive at a consensus on priority use areas and provide relevant strategic recommendations that will harmonize present and prospective development of coastal and marine resources in the City.

A series of community based consultations and zoning workshops were undertaken where the following major issues surfaced:

• improper waste management, primarily human and solid waste, followed by industrial waste, oil spills and waste water directly threaten public health and safety in these areas.

• illegal fishing activities which continue to endanger the livelihood of fisherfolks directly dependent on the marine resources. Overfishing is attributed to the use of superlights, presence of commercial fishing vessels and active gears including the installation of payaos within the 10 kilometer distance from the shore.

• informal coastal settlements which not only strain the resources of the sea but also conflicts with other resource use. They are also significant waste generators. Thus, priority for housing and sanitation programs will bring about very high socio-economic and ecological benefits.

• resource-use conflicts among various water and land base activities such as port construction, seaweed farming, informal coastal settlements in mangrove areas, as shown in the matrix of resource use interactions

• incidents of oil spills and improper discharge of industrial wastes from maritime vessels and coastal industries have been reported to affect fisherfolks and their activities.

Despite the prospective positive socio-economic benefits the different coastal development activities ( i.e. marine transport, heavy industries, tourism, settlements), the costs of the negative environmental impacts outweigh the positive socio-economic impacts considering that only a few benefit directly from most of these activities.

Overall Recommendations This report presents the current uses of the City’s coastal zone. In Summary, there are two critical management interventions in order to sustain the use of the coastal resource:

1. Rationalize and resolve conflicting resource uses by adopting a coastal zoning scheme consistent with the City Comprehensive Land Use Plan; and

2. Create an accountable body that will oversee coastal resource management.

1. Adoption of an Integrated Coastal and Marine Zoning Scheme

Coastal and city water zoning is a development planning tool to identify development opportunities, rationalize and harmonize priority use areas and manage current and prospective resource use conflicts towards integrated coastal zone management. Decisions to designate management zones and the supporting policies and guidelines should be anchored on the principles of sustainable development, equitable use and allocation of benefits, and good environmental governance.

The specific objectives of the proposed coastal and marine management zones are:

to identify biodiversity conservation areas to rehabilitate critical habitats and protect endangered species;

to designate priority use areas for the different major socio-economic activities in the coastal and marine areas of the City;

to identify specific resource use conflicts that need to be addressed

The five proposed management zones and priority considerations for each zone is described below.

i. Biodiversity Conservation Zone

The biodiversity conservation zone will be comprised of mangrove rehabilitation areas, fish sanctuaries and endangered species (sea turtle, whale shark) conservation areas. The most frequently suggested area for mangrove rehabilitation are Brgy. Lasang and Bunawan. Moreover, the mouth of the Davao River and Lipadas River as well as the shoreline from Matina Aplaya down to Lizada are also potential areas for mangrove rehabilitation.

The establishment of fish sanctuaries were suggested in a number of barangays to increase fishery productivity and/or prevent illegal fishing: Barangays Lasang, Bunawan, Sasa, Dumoy, Lizada and Daliao. To increase recovery rates and local improvement of fishery productivity, protected areas should be at least 20 hectares (i.e. core no take and buffer sub zones).

Punta Dumalag which is a marine turtle nesting area and Lasang which is also an area where whale sharks are seen are priority areas for species conservation areas. Both areas were also identified as research areas and potential ecotourism areas.

ii. Fishery Management Zones

The city waters cover an area of 19,827 hectares or about 10 % of the total area of Davao Gulf which is a major fishing area in the Celebes Sea region. Fishing activities in the city waters are intensive. The finalization and enactment of the City Fisheries Ordinance being drafted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod Committee on Environment and Natural Resources should be prioritized. The provisions on institutional arrangements, prohibited acts, user fees, issuance of licenses and permits and, fines and penalties and delineation of fishery subzones as appropriate should be incoporates. The formulation of the local fishery ordinance defining city waters will also enhance enforcements of fishery laws which are presently being implemented based only on the national law, the Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550).

Capture Fisheries/Fishing Areas

The Capture Fisheries/Fishing Area shall cover the entire city waters of Davao City. The conduct of fishing activities in this area shall be subject to regulations on permits, licenses, fishing gears, fishing boats and other requirements as prescribed or as may be prescribed by the appropriate City Ordinance/s and national laws. This should be accompanied by the strengthening of fishery and coastal law enforcement.

It was proposed that the use of any form of fishnets one half kilometer from the shoreline along the entire coastline of Davao City be prohibited, and this subzone be reserved exclusively for small scale fishermen using hook and line. In the case of Davao River, it was suggested that two (2) km. from the mouth of the river be reserved exclusively for hook and line fishermen, and gill nets be allowed only beyond 2 kms. These were suggested to facilitate monitoring of the illegal fishers and prevent further degradation of coastal habitats, and improve the catch of small fishers. No commercial special fishing permits can be issued given that the city’s municipal waters do not extend beyond 10 kms. from shore.

Aquaculture Zones for specific mariculture activities ( e.g. seaweed farming) should be delineated and subject to regulations on permits, licensing and other requirements as may be prescribed by the appropriate City Ordinance/s. Expansion of seaweed farms and fish cages should be rationalized to avoid obstruction of navigational routes and resource use conflicts with other uses. Pollution from brackish culture ponds should be mitigated and compliance to environmental standards strictly enforced. iii. Coastal Settlement Zones The Coastal Settlement Zone shall be established in accordance with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City. The City Planning and Development Office shall ensure that the establishment of the Coastal Settlement Zone is consistent with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and zoning regulations of the City. Designation of relocation areas for informal coastal settlers should be incorporated in the city development planning. The improvement of sewerage and sanitation facilities to ensure public health and safety in coastal areas that may be highly vulnerable to natural hazards should be given priority.

Considering that coastal settlement areas are significant domestic waste generators, Information, Education and Communication activities of the city on SWM to increase knowledge on coastal households on the impacts of their SWM and WWM activities on coastal resources should be prioritized and included in the development of the city ISWM plan. Joint venture with private sector on installation of sewerage and sanitation facilities (e.g. social corporate responsibility) should be pursued.

iv. Marine Transport, Navigation and Coastal Industrial Zone The Marine Transport, Navigation and Coastal Industrial Zone will be comprised of the existing ports/fish landing development areas, navigation areas and coastal areas where medium and heavy industries are located, The marine transportation of Davao City is an important sector contributing both to local and national economic activities. The seaports in the City are considered one of the largest in the country and are considered major support facilities that have made the City a leading regional center in Mindanao Region. Expansion of industrial areas should be consistent with the zoning regulations of the City. Strict implementation of issuances of FLC, and charging of penalties and fees for non-compliance with required waste management facilities. The Navigation Lanes Areas within the city waters shall be identified and established in coordination with the appropriate national government agencies and should take into primary consideration maritime transport safety.

Environmental fee system for major waste generators should be established as a means to subsidize public environmental services such as water quality monitoring.

v. Recreation and Tourism Zone

The Recreation and Tourism Zone will be established based on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City including the priority area in Barangay Matina Aplaya -- Times Beach Area under Presidential Proclamation No. 20. Inventory of recreation and tourism establishments and the development and implementation of monitoring program for coastal tourism facilities, establishments and services should be incorporated in the city tourism masterplan.

2. Create an accountable body that will formulate the city wide CRM plan and oversee implementation of the CRM programs

The lack of an accountable body in the local government unit that will address the varied needs and challenges within the coastal zones results into fragmented and uncoordinated initiatives that threaten the sustainability of the coastal resources. Having an LGU-based office that is responsible for a cohesive implementation of CRM programs will help ensure that government is responsive to the needs of the people and environment.

Davao City Coastal Zone Management Situation and Recommendations

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Table of Contents

Introduction...................................................................................................................1 A. Background and Rationale .......................................................................................................................................................................1 B. Process and Activities Undertaken ..........................................................................................................................................................2

Coastal Settlements .....................................................................................................4 A. Profile of Coastal Settlements in Davao City .........................................................................................................................................4 B. Issues and Problems ...............................................................................................................................................................................10

Solid Waste and Wastewater................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Public Health Concerns ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Resource Use Conflicts........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

C. Management Interventions and Recommendations ...............................................................................................................................11 Settlement Programs ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Solid Waste Management Programs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Wastewater Management Programs...................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Data Gaps.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

Fisheries Sector.......................................................................................................... 16 A. Status of Fisheries Sector in Davao City ..............................................................................................................................................16

Capture Fisheries ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Aquaculture Fisheries ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Mariculture............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23

B. Issues and Problems ...............................................................................................................................................................................25 Decline in Fish Catch and Income ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Illegal Fishing and Overfishing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Habitat Degradation and Water Pollution........................................................................................................................................................... 25 Resource-Use Conflicts ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

C. Management Interventions and Recommendations ...............................................................................................................................27 Fisheries Law Enforcement.................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Drafting of City Fisheries Ordinance .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Assistance to Fisherfolks ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Coastal Habitats and Species Protection............................................................. 30 A. Status of Coastal Habitats in Davao City .............................................................................................................................................31

Coral Reef Areas.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Mangroves .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Seagrasses .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33

B. Issues and Problems ...............................................................................................................................................................................34 Degradation of Coastal Habitats........................................................................................................................................................................... 34

C. Management Interventions and Recommendations ...............................................................................................................................35 Species Conservation.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Establishment and Management of Fish Sanctuaries ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Coastal and Riverbank Rehabilitation and Management ..................................................................................................................................... 41 General Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................................................... 43


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Marine Transportation, Navigation and Coastal Industries ............................ 44 A. Status of Marine Transportation in Davao City....................................................................................................................................44 B. Navigational Lane of Davao City...........................................................................................................................................................47 C. Coastal Industries ....................................................................................................................................................................................47 D. Issues and Problems...............................................................................................................................................................................50

Marine Transportation ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Coastal Industries .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53

E. Management Interventions and Recommendations...............................................................................................................................53 Marine Transportation Sector................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Coastal Industries .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 55

D. Data Gaps ...............................................................................................................................................................................................56

Tourism and Recreation .......................................................................................... 57 A. Profile of Coastal Tourism in Davao City .............................................................................................................................................57

Tourist Attractions and Establishments ................................................................................................................................................................ 58 Coastal Tourism ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

B. Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................................................................60 Coastal Water Pollution ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 60 Expired Foreshore Lease Contracts (FLCs)............................................................................................................................................................ 62 Other Resource-Use Conflicts................................................................................................................................................................................. 62

C. Management Interventions and Recommendations ...............................................................................................................................62 Tourism Programs ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 62 Presidential Proclamation 20................................................................................................................................................................................ 63 Ecotourism............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 63

D. Data Gaps ...............................................................................................................................................................................................64

Synthesis and General Recommendations........................................................... 65 A. Resource Use Issues and Impacts ..........................................................................................................................................................65 B. General recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................67 C. Proposed Coastal and Marine Management Zones ...............................................................................................................................67

Biodiversity Conservation Zone ............................................................................................................................................................................. 68 Fishery Management Zones ................................................................................................................................................................................... 72 Coastal Settlements................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Marine Transport and Coastal Industrial Zone..................................................................................................................................................... 75 Recreation and Tourism Zones.............................................................................................................................................................................. 76


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List of Tables and Figures Table 1. Barangay Cluster Consultation and Zoning Workshops Conducted......................................................................... 3 Table 2 . Coastal Barangays per District........................................................................................................................................... 4 Table 3. Population and Number of Households per Barangay................................................................................................. 5 Table 4. Number of fisherfolks and fishing banca per barangay as of 2005. .....................................................................17 Table 5. List of Common Types of Gears with Corresponding Fish Species and Average Reported Catch per Unit Effort .........................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Table 6. Capture Fisheries Production, 2002-2004.....................................................................................................................19 Table 7. Top 16 Fish Species Production, November 2004 to October 2005.....................................................................20 Table 8. Fishpond Production, 2005 ................................................................................................................................................22 Table 9. Fish Cage Production, 2005...............................................................................................................................................23 Table 10. Seaweed Production, 2005..............................................................................................................................................24 Table 11. Reported Status of Coral Reef Areas, Davao City (2002 & 2005) .....................................................................31 Table 12. Estimated Mangrove Areas in Davao City...................................................................................................................32 Table 13. Reported Status of Seagrass Areas in Selected Barangays , Davao City ............................................................33 Table 14. Number of Pawikan Tagged and Released.................................................................................................................37 Table 15. Recorded Sightings of Whale Sharks in Barangay Lasang .....................................................................................37 Table 16. Ecological Profile of the proposed Agdao and Lasang Fish Sanctuaries.............................................................39 Table 17. Status of Replanting Initiatives of Mangrove & Malubago spp. Along Coastal and Riverbank Barangays of Davao City. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................42 Box 2. Port Facilities, Equipment and Services, Port of Sasa. ....................................................................................................45 Table 18. Shipping Statistics, Sta. Ana Pier, 2004......................................................................................................................46 Table 19. Shipping Statistics, Port of Sasa, 2004.........................................................................................................................46 Table 20. Profile of Private Ports, Davao City ................................................................................................................................48 Table 21. Port Statistics, At Berth Only, 2004 ..............................................................................................................................49 Table 22. Record of Oil Spillages, Davao City ...............................................................................................................................50 Table 23. Schedule of Fees, Shore Reception Facilities..............................................................................................................52 Table 24. Types and Number of Tourism Sites in Davao City .................................................................................................58 Table 25. Beach Resorts, Davao City...............................................................................................................................................59 Table 26. Total Coliform Level of Bathing Beaches, Davao City and Island Garden City of Samal, 2004 ..................60 Figure 1. Davao City Coastal Map...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2. Map showing Daycare and Health Centers within Coastal Barangays................................................................... 8 Figure 3. Map showing Public Schools within Coastal Barangays............................................................................................... 9 Figure 4. Volume of Wastes Collected, Coastal Barangays, Davao City.................................................................................13 Figure 5. Coastal Habitat Distribution in Matina Aplaya............................................................................................................36 Figure 6. Coastal Habitat Distribution in Lasang and Bunawan, Davao City........................................................................39 Figure 7. Interaction Matrix of the Major Coastal and Marine Resource Uses. ..................................................................66 Box 1. Socio-Economic Indicators, Davao City................................................................................................................................. 7 Box 2. Port Facilities, Equipment and Services, Port of Sasa. ....................................................................................................45


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List of Maps and Annexes

Map 1 Fishing Gears

Map 2 Aquaculture Activities

Map 3 Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues

Map 4 Coastal Habitats and Proposed Marine Protected Areas

Map 5 Coastal Land Development Map – Navigation, Marine Transport and Coastal Industries; Tourism and Recreation

Map 6 Coastal Land Tenure and Zoning

Map 7 Proposed Zoning Map

Annex 1 Establishments / Individuals in Davao City with Foreshore Lease Contracts (FLCs) as of December 2004

Annex 2 Establishments in Coastal Barangays of Davao City with Environmental Clearance Certificates (ECCs) as of December 2005

Annex 3 Beach Resorts and Recreation Establishments in the Coastal Barangays of Davao City

Annex 4 Tally of Issues and Recommendations in relation to the current major marine and coastal uses raised during the barangays cluster consultation and zoning workshops

Annex 5 Relative Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Resource Uses / Major Activities (i.e. land-based and sea-based)

Annex 6 Summary of proposed zones and locations during the barangay council validation and 6 barangay cluster (C1-C6) consultation and zoning workshops

Annex 7 List of Major Coastal Industries and types of wastes generated

Annex 8 Summary of Davao City Coastal Zone Issues & Recommendations for Specific LGU Offices


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Chapter 1 Introduction

A. Background and Rationale

The coastal and marine resources of Davao City contribute significantly to the economy of the City and livelihood of its constituents. Found in the western section of Davao Gulf, Davao City with 60.1 kms (CPDO 2004) has one of the longest shoreline among all coastal cities in the country. The city waters cover an area of 19,827 hectares, about 10 % of the total area of Davao Gulf which is a major fishing area and priority biodiversity conservation area in the Celebes Sea. The socio-economic and ecological value of the coastal and marine resources of the City have not been sufficiently assessed and taken into account in the city’s development programs. There are clear indications that these resources are highly threatened by increasing economic activities and the urgent need for integrated management efforts towards the sustainable development of these resources. Part of the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed by the City Government with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)-XI and the Philippine Environmental Governance Project 2 (EcoGov 2) last June 9, 2005 is directed towards improving coastal resources management alongside forestry and solid waste management. Specific to CRM, the MOA identifies technical assistance in the determination of coastal management zones as the framework for an integrated city-wide CRM plan. This is in recognition of the need to arrive at a consensus on priority


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use areas and provide relevant strategic recommendations that will harmonize present and prospective development of coastal and marine resources in the City. In relation with this, a CRM Technical Working Group (TWG) was designated to take the lead in the conduct of studies, data gathering and barangay consultations as necessary steps in coming-up with a coastal zonation scheme. The TWG is composed of representatives from the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO); City Agriculturist Office (CAO), City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, DENR Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (DENR CENRO); DENR-Coastal and Marine Management Division (CMMD) and EcoGov 2.

B. Process and Activities Undertaken

This document is a product of a series of activities conducted by the CRM TWG. The initial activities focused on the inventory and gathering of secondary information. The TWG also conducted coastal ocular scanning which increased the group’s appreciation of coastal areas and facilitated collation of additional information on current resource uses and issues. Coastal habitat surveys in 10 coastal barangays were conducted with technical assistance from CMMD to determine distribution and relative total areas of coral reef, seagrass and mangroves. The information was summarized and thematic maps on coastal habitats, fishing, aquaculture, coastal development (settlement, industry, tourism) and issue maps for validation, and to facilitate discussions on issues, resource-use conflicts and consensus per zone during the community consultations. The objectives of the barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshops were:

• To facilitate gathering of local knowledge through community mapping of coastal and marine resources, current resource use, and of issues and concerns;

• To present, validate and enrich the coastal assessment results prepared by the TWG;

• To get management recommendations from the local community members to address priority issues identified; and

• To facilitate discussion and agreement on a proposed city coastal zonation scheme that will be the framework for the city coastal development plan.

The first consultation was conducted with the representatives of barangay councils from all the coastal barangays to apprise them of the planned barangay cluster consultations and zoning workshops. The 26 coastal barangays were grouped into 6 clusters. Each cluster is composed of 4 to 5 barangays. Each barangay was asked to send at least 10 representatives. Barangays included in each cluster and schedule of the said workshops are presented in Table 1.


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Table 1. Barangay Cluster Consultation and Zoning Workshops Conducted

Cluster Date Venue Barangay Number of Participants

Barangay Council Validation Workshop

November 17, 2005

Lispher Inn Barangay council representatives of coastal barangays

41

Lasang 2 Bunawan 14 Tibungco 9 Ilang 16

I

November 21, 2005

MTRC, Bajada

Panacan 7 Sasa 13 Pampanga 8 Lapu-lapu 8 San Juan 8

II

November 22, 2005

MTRC, Bajada

Hizon 9 22-C 9 21-C 7 31-D 11

IV November 23, 2005

Felis Resort, Matina Aplaya

Bucana 5 Matina Aplaya 11 Talomo Proper 5 Bago Aplaya 3

V November 29, 2005


Dumoy 3 Daliao 14 Lizada 10 Sirawan 10

VI November 29, 2005


Binugao 6 Gov. V. Duterte 11 Leon Garcia Sr. 1 27-C 0

III December 1, 2005

MTRC, Bajada

23-C 3

TOTAL 244

This technical report documents the situational analysis of the five major coastal and marine use sectors: (1) coastal settlement; (2) fisheries; (3) biodiversity conservation; (4) marine transport, navigation and coastal industries; and (5) tourism and recreation. For each sector, primary and secondary ecological, socio-economic, socio-cultural and institutional information are summarized. The major issues, management initiatives and recommendations based on community consultations and technical evaluations are discussed. The last chapter synthesizes the issues, resource-use interactions and arising resource use conflicts which highlight the need for an integrated city-wide coastal and marine resource development plan. It also presents options and considerations for proposed coastal zonation scheme which can serve as the coastal and marine resources management framework.


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Chapter 2

Coastal Settlements

A. Profile of Coastal Settlements in Davao City

Twenty-six (26) of the 182 barangays of Davao City are coastal. (See Figure 1). These coastal barangays are distributed in the three congressional districts (See Table 2). With the City’s number of households totaling to 240,057 in 2000, 43% or 104,204 households are situated in coastal areas. This translates to 38% or 430,758 of the total City population (~1.2 M in 2000) being heavily dependent on coastal areas for settlement. Coastal barangays with highest numbers of households are Bunawan, Bucana, Talomo Proper, Sasa and Pampanga. Table 2 shows population and number of households per barangay. Table 2 . Coastal Barangays per District

District II District I District III

Lasang Bunawan Tibungco Ilang Panacan Sasa Pampanga Hizon Lapu-Lapu Agdao Centro Governor Vicente Duterte Leon Garcia, Sr.

27-C 23-C 22-C 21-C 31-D Bucana Matina Aplaya Talomo Proper Bago Aplaya Dumoy

Daliao Lizada Sirawan Binugao


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Figure 1. Davao City Coastal Map

Source: CPDO, 2005 Table 3. Population and Number of Households per Barangay

Coastal Barangays Population Number of Households

Bunawan 18,204 18,199

Bucana 58,082 12,237

Talomo Proper 47,034 10,064

Sasa 40,640 8,405

Pampanga 32,715 6,647

Panacan 28,047 5,895

Tibungco 27,402 5,425

Matina Aplaya 25,032 5,231

DA

VAO

RIVE

R

D A V

A O

G U

L F

Poblacion

Agdao

Buhangin

Bunawan

Paquibato

Calinan

Tugbok

Toril

Talomo

Binuga

Sirawa

Lizad

Dalia

Dumo

Bago

Talom

Matina

Bucan Brgy 31-

Brgy 21-

Brgy 22-

Brgy 23-

Brgy 27-

Leon Garcia

Gov. Vicente

Centr

Lapu-

Pampang

Sas

Panaca

Ilan

Tibungc

Bunawa

LasanCOASTAL BARANGAYS

OF DAVAO CITY

Total Land Area : 9,339.79 Has Total Population : 431,513

Total # of HHs : 89,761

Est. Shore length : 60.1 kms

Total Number of Brgys : 26

Est. Coastal Zone Area : 19,827.50 Has


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Coastal Barangays Population Number of Households

Daliao 18,142 3,767

Dumoy 16,082 3,472

Bago Aplaya 11,634 2,671

Lizada 11,604 2,463

San Juan Centro 12,035 2,422

23-C 10,759 2,162

Leon Garcia Sr. 10,368 2,138

Ilang 9,775 1,945

Lapu-Lapu 8,463 1,775

Gov. Vicente Duterte 7,180 1,625

Lasang 7,462 1,524

31-D 6,253 1,339

21-C 6,295 1,285

22-C 5,534 1,144

Sirawan 5,010 961

Binugao 4,410 889

27-C 2,596 519

TOTAL 430,758 104,204

Source: CPDO, 2004 The City’s rising population and prevalence of poverty in coastal areas have continued to worsen the situation. The increasing economic needs of the coastal people vis-à-vis their financial incapacity to cope with corresponding expenses have resulted in their decision to squat within the coastal areas. This has been aggravated by the absence of policy that prohibits and penalizes such action, and lack of housing programs which will address shelter needs of the said sector. Box 1 presents socio-economic indicators for the City.


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Box 1. Socio-Economic Indicators, Davao City

Source: NSCB, 2002 and CPDO, 2004 Basic government services are also provided by the city government for the coastal communities. The city operates 84 daycare centers within the 26 coastal barangays. This is 17% of the 489 daycare centers distributed around the 182 barangays of Davao City. Children with ages 3 to 5 years old have the opportunity to learn prior to their formal schooling. Healthcare services for the coastal communities are provided through 36 public health centers. Each center provides basic health needs like government nutrition program, immunization, and reproductive health services. Figure 2 shows the distribution of the daycare and healthcare centers within the coastal barangays. Public education is another government service that is available to the coastal communities. There are 48 elementary and 14 secondary public schools within the coastal barangays. These schools are also supported with the Reading Habit Promotion Program of the city government where library services & reading materials are provided to selected schools in order to promote literacy. Location of these public education centers are shown in Figure 3.

Average population growth rate (Davao City, 2000) : 2.38%

Average population growth rate (Coastal barangays, Davao City): 3.09

Annual per capita poverty threshold (Davao, 2002): P11, 489/mo.

Annual per capita food threshold (Davao, 2002): P7,751/mo.

% of households in coastal areas in subsistence threshold level (above P4,500 income/mo.): 22%

% Employment of HH Heads: 92.92% (SRA-MBN Survey, 2000 Ref Period July-Dec 1999)


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Figure 2. Map showing Daycare and Health Centers within Coastal Barangays

Source: CPDO, 2006


9

Figure 3. Map showing Public Schools within Coastal Barangays

Source: CPDO, 2006


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B. Issues and Problems

Solid Waste and Wastewater

Coastal settlements in Davao City pose significant threats to the City’s coastal resources due to solid waste and wastewater pollution which also directly threaten public health and safety in these areas. Improper solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem within the coastal areas. The lack of SWM activities and necessary supporting policies in these areas has resulted in dumping of wastes under the houses. Reports of the coastal clean-up activities (i.e. Limpyo Baybay) of the City reveal that volume of wastes generated by coastal households averages to 16,000.00 kilos/day. These wastes are mostly composed of non-biodegradable wastes like plastics. SRA-MBN Survey Results of the City in 2004 records that only 12% of the total number of households in the coastal areas has access to sanitary toilets. Because of the lack of sewerage and sanitation facilities, human waste is directly disposed into the City waters. This is alarming considering the high density of coastal inhabitants along the shoreline of the City. These SWM and WWM issues contribute significantly to the degradation of the quality of the City’s coastal waters.

Public Health Concerns

Poor solid and wastewater management activities within the densely populated coastal settlements are causes for concern for public health and safety. Based on the results of the Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) conducted in 2002 by the City Agriculturist Office and DENR-XI, residents in these areas are most vulnerable to water-borne diseases like diarrhea, typhoid fever, hepatitis, skin diseases and respiratory illnesses such as tuberculosis, asthma and emphysema have likely resulted from existing SWM and WWM problems.

Resource Use Conflicts

Among the major issues raised during the barangay cluster consultations are resource-use conflicts related to various types of coastal pollution that have far reaching negative socio-economic and ecological impacts on recreation and tourism, fisheries, and biodiversity conservation. In some areas the location of informal coastal settlements directly interferes with other coastal and marine activities.


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The specific resource-use conflicts related to coastal settlements raised during the workshops are:

• Water pollution due to domestic wastes affecting adjacent tourism and recreation facilities in Barangays Sasa and Agdao Centro; and seaweed and fish cage culture particularly in Barangays Tibungco, Panacan and Sasa

• Destruction of mangrove areas due to expansion of settlements in barangays Bago Aplaya, Matina Aplaya, Bucana, Bunawan and Lasang

C. Management Interventions and Recommendations

Settlement Programs

The City’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan indicates that a total of 11,512 hectares are allocated for residential purposes. (See Annex 7. Coastal Land Tenure and Zoning). The Comprehensive Shelter Development Plan aims to develop new sites and service areas; provide basic services like water, light, roads and ensure the security of tenure in resettlement areas; ensure the economic upliftment through the provision of livelihood opportunities and upgrade the settlement areas. Recommendations to immediately mitigate negative effects of settlements in coastal areas are:

• Designation of coastal settlement and/or relocation areas. Community consultations should be conducted to arrive at consensus on settlement areas in conflict with mangrove areas. Special consideration should be given to indigenous peoples (e.g. badjaos situated at Isla Verde, Matina Aplaya).

• Passage of City Ordinance defining uses and mechanisms for coastal settlements, particularly the informal settlers.

Solid Waste Management Programs

Limpyo Baybay is a coastal clean-up initiative of the Office of the Mayor which started on September 2004. The Task Force Limpyo Baybay, created under Executive Order No. 13 Series of 2004, is mandated to: 1) collect solid wastes in City’s’ coastal barangays; 2) segregate and characterize collected wastes; and 3) assist in conduct of SWM IEC activities. All coastal barangays conduct coastal clean-up every 3rd Sunday of


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the month led by coastal barangay officials. Starting January 2005, the barangay level efforts were complemented by barangay environmental aides who were tasked to collect garbage every day in their respective barangays. Major activities done in support of the said program are towards clean-up of coastal and riverbank areas of the City. The highest total volume of garbage collected during the 3rd week coastal clean up was recorded at the start of the program in September 2004 during the International Coastal Clean Up Day when 243,480 kilos of garbage was collected. A year after, on September 2005 the total volume collected was 189,540 kilos. Averaging the data generated by the coastal clean-up activities from January to December 2005, it can be inferred that total daily solid waste generated in coastal settlements amounts to about 16,000 kilos/day. Of the total barangays covered by the clean-up activities, Bucana (2,174 kilos/day), Ilang (1,874 kilos/day), Matina Aplaya (1,582 kilos/day), Tibungco (1,477 kilos/day) and Panacan (1,334 kilos/day) are the top barangays generating the highest volume of wastes (CENRO, 2005).

The City has already formed its Ecological Solid Waste Management Board (ESWMB) through City Ordinance No 044-02 series of 2002 and barangay SWM committees. Respective Barangay ordinances were passed to support barangay level solid waste management activities. These include establishment of Barangay Material Recovery Facilities (MRF), composting and segregation.

Various civic and private organizations have supported these initiatives. An example is Barangay Daliao assisted by the Davao City Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SWM program).


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Figure 4. Volume of Wastes Collected, Coastal Barangays, Davao City

Volume of Wastes Collected, Coastal Barangays, Davao City

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Sep-04

Octobe

r

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

Jan-0

5

Februa

ryMarc

hApri

lMay

Ju

ne July

Augus

t

Septem

ber

Octobe

r

Novem

ber

Decem

ber

Month

kilo

s

n=25

n=8

n=22

n=22

n=23

n=24

n=26

n=27

n=28

n=25n=28

n=26

n=28

n=25 n=25

n=21

Source: Limpyo Baybay Report, 2005, n= number of barangays (CENRO, 2005)

While Limpyo Baybay is a commendable SWM initiative, this is insufficient to address the serious waste management concerns in the coastal areas. The following efforts are recommended to address SWM and WWM issues within the coastal areas:

• Development and legitimization of Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Plan for the City. The said ISWM Plan should identify specific strategies for coastal barangays and mandate development and implementation of ISWM Barangay Program;

• Review, update and enforce existing City Ordinance on SWM, identifying fines and penalties for dumping of domestic wastes into the City waters as well as creation of SWM Office that will be responsible to implement the ISWM Plan;

• Strengthening of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities of the City on SWM to increase knowledge of coastal households on the impacts of their SWM and WWM activities on the coastal resources. Households should be enjoined to take on a more active role in addressing the waste management regularly in their own homes rather than relying on community aide workers or the periodic coastal clean-ups. An accompanying material which can be disseminated is the Report on Water Quality of the City conducted by EMB of DENR.


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Also, the Health Office of the City should create a database of reported illnesses occurring in coastal barangays. This may serve as a baseline data in studying public health effects of coastal settlements;

• Conduct of independent regular water quality monitoring by the City. An outside party maybe contracted to undertake the said activity for the City. This will evaluate impacts of proposed ISWM Plan activities. Dissemination of results of water quality monitoring may be considered a valuable option that seeks to increase awareness of the public on impacts of improper SWM practices. Expansion (from Bucana to Lasang) of the coverage of water quality monitoring being conducted by EMB is also proposed. Present monitoring stations are limited to selected beaches only.

• Environmental fee system for major waste generators should be established as a means to subsidize public environmental services such as water quality monitoring

Wastewater Management Programs

The absence of an effective wastewater management program critically contributes to increasing water pollution in the City. Since only 12% of the total households within the area have access to sanitary toilets, wastewater has been a major problem. However, the City has started IEC activities for coastal households on hygiene and sanitation through the City Health Office. These activities include: house-to-house campaign, immunization and distribution of IEC materials. In relation with the absence of a comprehensive wastewater management program for the City, the following are recommended:

• Conduct of study on wastewater problems in coastal settlements. An inventory on the number of specific households without sanitation facilities and, number and existing types of sanitation facilities is an initial step which can be undertaken. This will serve as benchmark for analyses of costs and options for the City’s WWM programs for coastal barangays;

• Budget allocation for installation of sewerage and sanitation facilities. This implies that the City has to subsidize investments on such facilities; and

• Joint venture with private sector on installation of sewerage and sanitation facilities ( e.g. social corporate responsibility)


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Data Gaps

More information on the following will provide better indication of the waste problem in the coastal barangays:

• Contribution of coastal household solid wastes and wastewater to water quality of the City;

• Numbers and types of sicknesses reported which are attributable to solid wastes and wastewater in coastal barangays; and

• Types of solid waste generated in coastal barangays and corresponding volume.


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Chapter 3

Fisheries Sector

A. Status of Fisheries Sector in Davao City

People living in the coastal areas are engaged in a variety of livelihood activities. However, the fisheries sector has remained an important source of livelihood and income for a significant portion of coastal households in the City. Moreover, fisheries provide a major source of food for the residents as well as the basis for a major trade industry. The fisheries production sector is composed of capture (municipal and commercial) and aquaculture activities. In addition, there are a variety of fishery related ancillary industries that provide various business opportunities in the City.

Capture Fisheries

Fishing Communities and Practices

There are 2,559 registered fisherfolks in the City (See Table 4). Of the total population of fisherfolks, 884 are full-time fishermen, 668 are part-time and 988 are involved in shell gathering, fish selling (middlemen fish vendors) and fish processing. These fishermen support an average household of 6 household members. Thus, at least 15,240 individuals belonging to the poorest sector of the community are directly dependent on fishing for subsistence income. These figures are minimum estimates given that there are still about 20-25% of the fisherfolks who are not yet registered.


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On the average, fish is sold at P 60-70 per kilo, depending on the type of fish. The average daily fish catch is 3-5 kilos. This gives an estimated average daily gross fishing income of Php 180.00. The per capita poverty threshold of Davao City is P 11,488.00 per month and the per capita food threshold is P 7,751.00 per month. Clearly, fishers who are solely dependent on fishing earn an income even lower than the per capita food threshold and are among the indigent sectors in the City. There are 1,552 fishing bancas listed in the City Agriculturist Office as per Fisherfolk Registration conducted in 2005. 864 are motorized while 688 are non-motorized. Motorized bancas land an average of 3-5 kilos of fish per fishing trip while non-motorized bancas produces 2-3 kilos per trip. Table 4. Number of fisherfolks and fishing banca per barangay as of 2005.

Fishing banca Part Time Full Time Coastal Barangay

Population of Fisherfolks*

Motorized

Non-Motorized Motorized

Non-Motorized

District 1

21-C 61 16 11 16 12

22-C N/A - - - -

23-C 66 33 6 19 -

27-C N/A - - - -

31-D 48 8 10 9 13

Bago Aplaya 69 13 32 6 9

Bucana 322 8 24 102 99

Dumoy 132 20 25 8 5

Matina Aplaya 198 4 14 40 21

Talomo Proper 183 32 6 4 6

District II

Bunawan 123 15 10 18 35

Gov. Vicente Duterte 63 9 24 6 23

Ilang 56 29 3 9 15

Lapu-Lapu 130 17 17 17 15

Lasang 113 15 9 27 30

Leon Garcia Sr. 45 11 18 - -

Pampanga 29 - 8 - -

Panacan 143 34 1 30 25

San Juan Centro 73 15 10 7 11


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Fishing banca Part Time Full Time Coastal Barangay

Population of Fisherfolks*

Motorized

Non-Motorized Motorized

Non-Motorized

Sasa 89 8 14 33 8

Tibungco 133 15 10 31 25

District III

Binugao 48 10 8 18 12

Daliao 205 15 8 44 8

Lizada 168 25 16 29 12

Sirawan 62 20 12 19 8

TOTAL 2,559 372 296 492 392 Source: CAO, 2005 *included as fisherfolks are shell gatherers, fish vendors, fish processors, etc. The major fishing gears used by municipal fishermen from Davao City are the hook and line (pasal, palangre, undak-undak, sagiwsiw), gill nets (palaran, panamban, pante) and fish traps (bentol, bubo, bunsod) with an average fishing trip of 6 hours and a catch per unit effort of 3-5 kilos per fishing trip (See Table 5). The reported fishing areas for the different types of gears are shown in Map 1 indicating extensive use of city waters for fishing activities, including gleaning for seashells which supplements the daily food requirements of coastal communities. Fishermen use the coastal waters of Davao City as a common fishing ground. Information gathered through PCRA 2002 and validated during the Barangay Consultation of 2005 show that fishers in a certain barangay are not confined in their coastal barangay for their fishing operations. For example, a fisherman using hook & line, gill net and fish traps from Brgy. Centro operates as far as Lasang in the North, Talomo Bay in the South or even in the municipal waters of Samal Island. Table 5. List of Common Types of Gears with Corresponding Fish Species and Average Reported Catch per Unit Effort

Common Used Gears Fish Species Composition Catch per unit Effort

Hook and Line

Undak Tamban, caraballas, andohao, salaysalay, matambaka, pirit, timbungan, solid, diwit, bilong-bilong

3 kgs./fishing trip (average of 6 hrs./fishing trip

Tonton Katambak, indangan, lapu-lapu, solid, talakitok, pagi, molmol, diwit

2-3 kgs./fishing trip (average of 6 hrs./fishing trip

Palangre Katambak, indangan, lapu-lapu, solid, talakitok, pagi



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Subid Balo, caraballas, matambaka, liplipan, nocus, malasugue, bariles


Net (gill nets, lift nets, beach siene)

Pante Moro-moro, timbungan, caraballas

Baling Anchovy, shrimp, gobies

Palaran Taman, matambaka, bilong-bilong, caraballas


Traps

Bubo Crabs, siganid, pata, nocus, lambay, pasayan, talakitok, timbongan, lagao, kiampao


Fish corrals Crabs, siganid, pata, nocus, lambay, pasayan, talakitok, timbongan, lagao, kiampao


Panggal Crabs, siganid, pata, nocus, lambay, pasayan, talakitok, timbongan, lagao, kiampao


Source: PCRA, 2002. Updated During Barangay Consultation, 2005.

Fisheries Production and Market

The estimated total fishery in Davao City is 6,600 metric tons (mt). Of this 4,446 mt and 2,157 mt came from commercial and municipal fishing, respectively. (See Table 6). The total value of the capture fisheries production amounted to P488 million. Significant decreases can be observed in the capture fisheries production from 2002-2004. Table 6. Capture Fisheries Production, 2002-2004

2002 2003 2004 Capture Fisheries Sector Volume (mt) Value

(‘000) Volume (mt) Value

(‘000) Volume (mt) Value

(‘000)

Commercial 6,120.0 263,714.0 6,438.0 388,835.0 4,446.5 355,309.9

Municipal 1,857.0 95,736.0 2,634.0 133,436.0 2,157.0 132,807.0

Total 7,977.0 359,450.0 9,072.0 522,271.0 6,603.4 488,116.9 Source: BAS (Bureau of Agricultural Statistics), 2004


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The estimated annual production of the top 16 major fish species based on the fish catch monitoring conducted by Fishery Technicians from the City Agriculturist Office from November 2004 to October 2005 are shown in Table 7. The top five include roundscad, tuna and tuna-like fishes, sardines, big-eyed scad and anchovy comprise 52% of the estimated production.

The bulk of the capture fisheries production is usually brought to the local public markets in their respective barangays. Almost all the coastal barangays have their own public market including some makeshift market outlets. Considering that the fish catch is not aggregated, these are easily absorbed by the barangay public markets while some members of the fisherfolk family peddle their fish catch to the neighbors or even in subdivisions. However, for large quantities of fish catch, these are delivered to the bigger public markets such as Agdao, Bankerohan and Toril in Davao City or even in Panabo, Davao del Norte.

Likewise, a portion of these fish production lands in the hands of small-scale fish processors. Their usual produce consists of dried fish, smoked fish and salted fish. The kind and quantity of their processed product depend on the availability and price of their raw materials (usually sardines, anchovies, and scads) and these are marketed in their makeshift barangay market outlets, delivered in supermarkets or peddled in their barangay and nearby subdivisions and offices. Table 7. Top 16 Fish Species Production, November 2004 to October 2005

Species Common Name Annual Production (mt), 2005

Roundscad Moro moro / galunggung 45.6

Tuna & Tuna like fishes Bariles / tulingan / karaw 44.1

Sardine Tamban 31.8

Big eyed scad / crevalle Matambaka / saminsamin 28.0

Anchovy Bolinao 25.3

Goatfish Timbongan / saramulyete 22.9

Crevalle / short bodied Talakitok / hasahasa 20.2

Fusiliers Solid 19.9

Octopus Kugita 18.4

Emperor fish Katambak 13.4

Indian mackerel Caraballas / tamarong 13.2

Flying fish Bangsi 12.0

Groupers Lapu-lapu 10.7

Crabs Lambay / alimango 10.3


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Species Common Name Annual Production (mt), 2005

Garfish Balo 9.9

Gobies Nylon / hipon 6.8

TOTAL 332.5 Source: CAO, 2005

Ancillary Industries

The fisheries industry has opened up business opportunities in support or as a consequence to the fisheries activities. There are four ice plants established at Talomo, Dumoy and Daliao to cater to the ice requirements needed. Ice storage facilities are installed in particularly all public markets to ensure ice supply to maintain the freshness of aquatic produce. Outlets for fishing paraphernalia (marine engines, fishing nets, nylon twine, fish hooks, etc.) are found in downtown Davao, Toril, Tibungco, and Bunawan for easier access by the fisherfolk. The Fish Port at Daliao, although it caters mainly to foreign fishing vessels, houses 6 fish processors with an annual capacity of about 550 tons. The major fish species processed are tuna and tuna-like species (tuna fillet, cubes) and octopus. 80% of the processed products are exported to the United States and Japan, 10% are delivered to institutional buyers like hotels and restaurants while the remaining 10% are disposed at the local markets. There exist in Matina Aplaya an informal dockyard in which fishing boats are built or docked for repairs. This gives opportunity for the local skilled workers to be employed. The transport industry also benefits from the fishing industry by ferrying the produce from the fish landing areas to the different market outlets. Big companies at the fish port usually have their own fleet of transport vehicles but small-scale fishermen avail of the public utility vehicles (PUJs, tricycles and tri-sikad - a pedal-powered bicycle with sidecar).

Aquaculture Fisheries

Aquaculture fisheries activities of the City are fish culture in brackish water fishponds, sea cages, and seaweed farming. The reported estimated total aquaculture production from Davao City was 665 mt (2002), 626.6 (2003) and 517.2 (2004) valued at Php 53.3 M and Php 33.0M in 2002 and 2004 respectively.


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Inland Fishpond Culture

Currently, there are 124 hectares of brackish water fishponds producing bangus and tilapia. These fishponds are located in Bunawan, Lasang, Dumoy, Lizada, Binugao and Sirawan. Small-scale fishponds are also found in Barangays Bucana and Dumoy culturing bangus and tilapia. Crab culture in ponds is also practiced in Lasang and Barangay Bucana. Likewise, culture of bangus fry up to fingerling stage exists in Barangays Bucana and Lasang. These are marketed to the neighboring fishpond operators for rearing into marketable sizes. (See Map 2 Aquaculture Map). The average annual production of the fish ponds ranges from 3.5 mt per ha to 4 mt per ha. (See Table 8). In 2005, total of 423 mt of bangus and tilapia were produced from fishponds estimated to be worth about Php 31,725,000.00. Table 8. Fishpond Production, 2005

Location Area (has) Fish Species Average Annual Production

(mt/has)

Total Annual Production (mt)

Fishponds

Bunawan 22.0 Bangus 3.5 77.0

Lasang 69.3 Bangus 3.5 242.0

Dumoy 4.0 Tilapia 3.5 12.0

Lizada 14.0 Bangus / Tilapia 3.5 32.0

Binugao 10.0 Bangus 3.5 40.0

Sirawan 5.0 Bangus 3.5 20.0

TOTAL 124.3 423.0

Source: CAO, 2005 Most of the cultured fish are disposed in the local markets for public consumption or as inputs to fish processors (e.g. boneless bangus, fish tapa). Also, a sizable portion of the bangus production is sold in juvenile stage for use as tuna baits by Taiwanese commercial fishers at the Davao Fish Port at Toril, Davao City. A total of 1,234,700 bangus juveniles were purchased by these commercial fishermen in 2005 infusing about Php 6,173,000.00 to the local economy.


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Mariculture Mariculture activities in the City waters are usually conducted from October to June because during the prevalence of the southwest monsoon or “habagat” in July to September, the sea is rough and unsuitable for both fish cage culture and seaweed farming.

Fish Cages

Currently, fish cage culture within city waters cover a total area of 200 m2. These fish cages are in Barangays Sasa, Agdao Centro, Matina Aplaya, Bunawan and Daliao. (Map 2. Aquaculture Map). Bangus and siganids are the usual fish species cultured in floating fish cages. Groupers and lobsters have been tried as culture species but due to scarcity of fry/fingerlings of the said species coupled with very high cost of feeds; these were stopped in favor of Bangus and Siganids. A total of 6.4 mt of bangus and siganid were produced in 2005 (See Table 9) valued at about Php500, 000.00. Table 9. Fish Cage Production, 2005

Location Area (sq.m.) Fish Species Average Annual Production

(mt/has)


Fish cages

Sasa 36 Bangus / Siganid 1.2 1.2

Centro 36 Siganid 0.8 0.8

Matina Aplaya 72 Bangus / Siganid 1.2 2.4

Bunawan 36 Bangus / Siganid 1.2 1.2

Daliao 20 Bangus / Siganid 0.8 0.8

TOTAL 200 6.4

Source: CAO, 2005

Seaweed Farming

Presently, a total of 33.5 hectares are used for seaweed production. These seaweed production areas are located in Barangays Tibungco, Ilang, Panacan and Dumoy (Map 2. Aquaculture Activities). Seaweed species cultured are the Eucheuma spp. and Kappaphycus spp. The former is marketed fresh (Php 25-30 per kilo) for local consumption while the latter is sold in dried form (Php 35-37 per kilo). A private buying station has been set-up in Tibungco for ready market of the produce. These are then


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transported to Cebu for processing into various food ingredients as well as numerous industrial uses. A total of 322 mt of seaweeds were produced in 2005. (See Table 10). Average annual production of seaweeds ranges from 8 to 10 mt per ha. The estimated cost of seaweeds produced in Davao is about Php 11,354,000.00. Table 10. Seaweed Production, 2005

Location Area (has) Fish Species Culture

Average Annual Production

(mt/has)


Seaweed Farms

Tibungco 26 Kappaphycus spp. 10 260

Ilang 5 Kappaphycus spp. 8 40

Sasa 1 Euchema spp. 8 8

Panacan 1 Euchema spp. 10 10

Dumoy 0.5 Kappaphycus spp. 8 4

TOTAL 33.5 322

Source: CAO, 2005 Seaweed production has provided additional income to our fisherfolks, especially our Muslim brothers, along the coastal areas. Likewise, these floating seaweed farms directly protect the corals and seagrasses underneath from unnecessary disturbance. As observed during the coastal habitat assessment conducted by the EcoGov Technical Working Group, seagrass beds under the seaweed farms are growing luxuriantly while the corals are maintained in good condition.

Ancillary Industries

The aquaculture industry opens up business opportunities for suppliers of production inputs like fertilizers, feeds and fry/fingerlings for fishponds, nets, feeds, and fish fingerlings for fish cages, and nylon twine, floats and planting materials for seaweeds aside from generating employment for the operation of these projects. Davao City is home to three big feed companies like B-Meg, Vitarich and Julu. Likewise, a local buying station for seaweeds was set up in Tibungco and, just recently, a seaweed processing plant was established in Lizada.


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Decline in Fish Catch and Income

Several issues and problems challenge the fisheries sector of the City. Foremost of these is the evident decline in capture fisheries production of the City’s waters. (See Table 6). The major causes of the decline identified during the workshop consultations are rampant illegal fishing practices, overfishing and coastal habitat degradation.

Illegal Fishing and Overfishing

Dynamites and fine meshed nets (baling) are still being used in Talomo Bay Area particularly in Bago Aplaya, Dumoy, Sirawan and Binugao. Active gears and compressors have also been observed in Ilang, Tibungco, Bunawan and Lasang (See Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues). Aside from the use of fine mesh nets, overfishing is attributed to the use of superlights in fishing grounds of Talomo Bay comprising the Barangays of Matina Aplaya, Talomo, Bago Aplaya, Dumoy, Daliao, Lizada, Sirawan and Binugao. In addition to this, commercial fishing vessels and active gears have also been seen plying along waters of Talomo Bay. During an ocular inspection, with the aide of a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit, a composite Team from BFAR XI, City Agriculturist Office, Sangguniang Panglungsod and the CFARMC found that some fish shelters or payaos have been installed by commercial fishermen within 10 kilometer distance from the shore (See Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues). Operation of commercial fishing activities (the payao is an accessory gear) within municipal/city waters is prohibited under RA 8550. In fact several committee hearings were conducted to address this issue with the group of commercial fishers requesting that they be given ample time to recover from their investments for the said payaos. However, fishery law enforcers are adamant that they will arrest any commercial fishing vessel operating within the city waters.

Habitat Degradation and Water Pollution

Mangrove denudation is primarily caused by illegal cutting of mangroves and conversion of mangrove areas into fishponds and illegal settlements. Coral reefs like mangrove areas serve as breeding grounds and feeding areas of fishes have been observed to be damaged and in most areas even pulverized by dynamite fishing activities. Cases of coral gatherings have been reported at Tibungco, Sasa, Daliao and Matina Aplaya while sand mining was reported in Barangay Talomo. These corals and sand were used as fillers for low-lying settlement areas or walls for establishments along the coastal areas.


26

Water pollution is also considered a major reason for fish catch decline. Fish kills have been reported in Lizada where a seaweed processing plant is being constructed. In fact, a committee hearing was conducted at the Sangguniang Panlungsod to investigate the recent incident as reported by Nagkahiusang Lumulupyo sa Lawis, Inc. Coastal waters off Sasa to Bunawan is a major fishing area. However these coastal barangays have been declared as industrial zone. Factories, oil depots, ports and wharfs pose a threat to the coastal environment including fishery productivity. In particular, oil spills, solid wastes and wastewater from these facilities have also threatened the City’s fisheries production. (See Table 22. Record of Oil Spillages, Davao City). Domestic wastes from coastal settlements are also major sources of water pollution that destroy fish habitats. Almost all imaginable waste materials have been observed in the coastal areas ranging from plastics, broken household appliances and even human wastes (See Figure 2. Volume of Wastes Collected, Davao City)

Resource-Use Conflicts

Other coastal uses have negative impacts on the fisheries productivity of city waters. The current and prospective resource-use conflicts brought up during the barangay cluster consultations and field surveys are as follows:

Current

• Mangrove areas are being used as settlements in Barangays Lasang, Bunawan, Bucana and Matina Aplaya. These were observed during the coastal habitat assessment conducted by the EcoGov TWG and validated during the Barangay Consultation Workshop.

• Mariculture structures are being compromised by industrialization. The booming seaweed industry at Tibungco is affected by the establishment of a port in the area. In fact some seaweed operators have already accepted payment in exchange of their seaweed farms which are directly along the path of the ships/vessels that will dock in the said port. Also, a few years back, a seaweed farm in Dumoy was run-over by a foreign vessel destroying the seaweed farm. Fortunately, the said foreign company paid for the damages incurred.

• Unregulated establishment/construction of fish corals along Barangay Bucana and Lasang slow down the flow of water to and from the inland areas affecting the supply of water for brackishwater fishponds inland.

• The establishment of a seaweed processing plant in Lizada poses threat of pollution to the beach resort directly in front of the plant. (Please see 2nd paragraph, Habitat Degradation)


27

• Conflicts due to competition for mariculture areas and shore access are experienced in Barangay Tibungco. Likewise, due to lack of regulations, some seaweed farms block the passage of some fishing bancas to their docking areas

Prospective

• The new port being constructed at Tibungco is perceived to be a threat to the growing seaweeds industry in the area.

• The proposal to establish fish sanctuaries is considered by some as a restriction in traditional fishing grounds that will result in decline in current fish catch. (E.g. in Barangay Lasang, Bunawan and Matina Aplaya.


Fisheries Law Enforcement

The City Agriculturist Office has organized Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Councils (BFARMCs) in 23 of the 26 coastal barangays. These Barangay FARMCs paved the way for the organization of the City FARMC. The said FARMCs assist the barangays and the City in the formulation and implementation of policies, plans and programs for the management, conservation, protection and sustainable development of fisheries and aquatic resources. Executive Order No. 48, series of 2004, officially recognizes the CFARMC as the official representative of the fisherfolk sector of the City. Annual budget allocation for the CFARMC amounts to P500, 000. To enhance the participation of the fisherfolk community in the implementation of Fishery Laws, Rules and Regulations, the City organized the Barangay Coast Watch Teams (BCWT) in all the 26 coastal barangays. These BCWTs feed information to the Fishery Law Enforcement Teams (FLET) which will then respond to the information given. In support to the Fishery Law Enforcement, the city purchased four (4) patrol bancas for the use of the four (4) FLET organized. Likewise, in partnership with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) through the Fisheries Resource Management Project (FRMP), these community-based law enforcers were provided with hand-held radios, binoculars and other navigational gadgets for use in the patrol operations. However, these have not been sufficient to curtail rampant illegal fishing activities within the City waters (Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Law Enforcement Issues). Because of the long coastline of the City, each of the four patrol bancas covers an average of 15 kilometers coastline affecting its effectiveness and efficiency.


28

Drafting of City Fisheries Ordinance

The proposed City Fisheries Ordinance is being drafted through the initiative of the Sangguniang Panlungsod Committee on Environment and Natural Resources. Specific aspects of the Ordinance being looked into are provisions on institutional arrangements (responsible Office to implement the Ordinance and corresponding functions), prohibited acts, user fees, issuance of licenses and permits and, fines and penalties. The formulation of the local fishery ordinance defining city waters will also enhance enforcements of fishery laws which are presently being implemented based only on the national law, the Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550). The following are recommended to support improved fisheries management:

• Strengthening of Fisheries Law Enforcement through

o Additional patrol bancas together with fuel and oil allocation

o Conduct of fisheries law enforcement trainings

o Strengthening of Barangay Coast Watch Teams and other enforcement groups;

• Zoning of city waters with specified areas for particular fishery activities (e.g. mariculture, hook and line non-motorized boats, appropriate guidelines for stationary gears including payaos);

• Drafting, legitimization and implementation of City Fisheries Management Plan;

• Definition of users of City waters. Only registered fishers of Davao City will be allowed to fish in the City’s fishing zone. Fishers from outside the City will be required to secure a fishing permit from the City. Otherwise, they will be advised not to operate in the City waters;

• Registration and Licensing. A City registration and licensing system shall be implemented. This should be supported by the City’s Fisheries Ordinance;

• Identification of prohibited gears, granting of incentives and disincentives will be among the provisions in the proposed fisheries Ordinance; and

• Intensive IEC and advocacy programs

Dealing with the problem of overfishing by reducing fishing effort requires a comprehensive but doable approach by using a combination of all the abovementioned approaches together with the establishment of marine sanctuaries and livelihood incentives (See discussion below).


29

Assistance to Fisherfolks

The City Agriculturist Office, through the Interim Fisheries Resource Management Services (IFRMS), provides Extension and Regulatory Services to the fisherfolk of Davao City. However, the present technical manpower is insufficient to effectively cover the 26 coastal barangays stretching to more than 60 kilometers coastline. Assistance to fisherfolk may include, among others:

• Fisheries Division be legitimized and additional technical personnel be recruited for a better implementation of fisheries plans and projects;

• Additional budget allocation to carry out the fisheries plans and projects; and

• Livelihood trainings with seed capitalization. Priority livelihood assistance should be as incentives to those undertaking fisheries management (e.g. for Community-based Fishery Law Enforcers and marine sanctuary practitioners)


30

Chapter 4

Coastal Habitats and Species Protection Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses have high ecological and economic values. Coral reefs serve as feeding and breeding grounds to different species of fishes and invertebrates. Mangrove trees prevent soil erosion by protecting coastal areas from strong wave action. They are sources of food, livelihood and tourism to coastal communities. Also, they are de facto repository of coastal run-off from rivers, coastal sewage and pollutants from agriculture and industrial establishments. (Uychiaoco et al, 2002). On the other hand, mangroves and seagrasses are important in the following areas: 1) prevention of erosion and resuspension of sediment through stabilization of bottom substrate through complex root system; 2) improvement of water quality through retardation of water movement promoting deposition of suspended solid in the water column; 3) efficient nutrient cycling through nutrient absorption and its availability to the environment after the decomposition processes; 4) habitat provision for marine organisms; and 5) support of high primary production. The continued existence of two endangered marine species reported in Davao city, i.e. sea turtles and whale sharks are dependent on the integrity of these coastal habitats and the quality of coastal waters in Davao City.


31

A. Status of Coastal Habitats in Davao City

Coral Reef Areas

Coral reefs in Davao City estimated from satellite images taken in 2000, cover a total area of about 130 has (See Map 4. Coastal Habitat). Based on the Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) conducted last 2002, majority of these are in poor condition except for those found in Daliao that are still in good condition while the corals in Dumoy and Ilang are in fair condition. The poor condition of the reef areas was also the general observation during the manta tow survey conducted in 2005. The biggest coral areas found during the 2005 survey in 10 barangays were in Barangays Daliao, Sirawan and Lizada. These coral areas approximately measure 30.6 hectares which are observed to be in poor condition, while in Barangay Matina Aplaya, corals are found to be in fair condition with an approximate area of 29.75 hectares. Table 11. Reported Status of Coral Reef Areas, Davao City (2002 & 2005)

Barangay Coral Reef Condition (PCRA 2002)

Manta Tow Surveys, 2005, 10 selected sites

Matina Aplaya No data Fair condition

Bago Aplaya Poor condition Poor condition

Binugao Poor condition Poor condition

Bunawan Poor condition Poor condition

Agdao Centro No data Poor condition

Daliao Good condition Poor condition

Dumoy Fair condition No data

Gov. Vicente Duterte Poor condition No data

Ilang Fair condition No data

Lapu-lapu No data No data

Lasang No data Fair condition

Leon Garcia Poor condition No data

Lizada Toril Poor condition Poor condition

Pampanga No data No data

Sasa No data No data

Sirawan Poor condition Poor condition

Talomo Poor condition No data


32

Barangay Coral Reef Condition (PCRA 2002)

Manta Tow Surveys, 2005, 10 selected sites

Tibungco Poor condition Fair condition

Bucana Poor condition No data Source: Adopted from CMMD, CAO and City ENRO data, 2005 Live Coral Cover: 0-25%: poor; 26-50%: fair; 51-75%: good; >75%: excellent

Mangroves

The estimated total mangrove areas including areas with associate vegetation and converted areas with sparse mangroves from satellite images are about 200 hectares (See Map 4.Coastal Habitat). However, based on field surveys in 2005 in selected 10 coastal barangays, the remaining mangrove areas are estimated to be only 35.12 hectares (CMMD-DENR 2005). Of these, majority is described to be secondary growth. These are dominated by Rhizophora and Sonneratia spp. Majority of these mangrove areas are in Lasang, Bunawan, Lizada, Bago Aplaya, Bucana and Matina Aplaya. It is interesting to note that Barangay Lizada has the most Nipa sp. Most of the mangrove areas were observed to be in poor condition i.e. observed cuttings, presence of domestic solid waste and presence of informal settlers. Table 12. Estimated Mangrove Areas in Davao City

Barangay Has. of Mangroves

Bago Aplaya 3.174

Bunawan 9.125

Binugao 0.746

Centro No mangroves

Daliao No data

Dumoy No data

Gov. Vicente Duterte No mangroves

Ilang No data

Lapu-lapu No mangroves

Lasang 12.00

Lizada Toril 8.967

Matina Aplaya 4.608

Pampanga No mangroves


33

Barangay Has. of Mangroves

Sasa No data

Talomo No data

Tibungco No mangroves

Bucana No data

27-C No data Source: CMMD-DENR XI, CAO and City ENRO, 2005

Seagrasses

The estimated total seagrass areas within Davao City waters from satellite images taken in 2000 are about 190 hectares. The seagrass areas in 10 coastal barangays during the field surveys in 2005 are estimated to be about 130 has. The major species reported are Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata and Halophila ovalis. Majority of these seagrasses are in Barangays Bunawan and Lasang. As observed during the survey, most of the seagrass areas are in poor condition. The sea grass areas are given less importance by the communities due to limited knowledge on the importance and significance of the ecosystem. Table 13. Reported Status of Seagrass Areas in Selected Barangays , Davao City

Barangay Sea Grass Condition (PCRA 2002)

Surveys, 2005, 10 Selected sites, Has

Bago Aplaya No data 1.278

Binugao No data No sea grass area

Bunawan Fair condition 25.816

Centro No data 2.44

Daliao No data 2.190

Dumoy Good condition No data

Duterte Poor condition No data

Ilang Good condition No data

Lapu-lapu No data No data

Lasang No data 68.664

Leon Garcia Poor condition No data

Lizada Toril Good condition 0.393

Matina Aplaya No data 4.225

Pampanga No data No data

Panacan No data No data


34

Barangay Sea Grass Condition (PCRA 2002)

Surveys, 2005, 10 Selected sites, Has

Sasa No data No data

Sirawan Poor condition No data

Talomo No data No data

Tibungco Poor condition 24.143

Bucana No data No data

27-C No data No data Source: PCRA 2002, CMMD-DENR, CAO and City ENRO, 2005 Seagrass cover: 0-25%: poor; 26-50%: fair; 51-75%: good; >75: excellent


Degradation of Coastal Habitats

Insufficient Coastal Law Enforcement

Illegal cutting of mangroves has been a critical concern in Barangays Matina Aplaya, Panacan, and Bucana. Likewise, various destructive fishing gears as well as aquaculture structures (Map 2. Aquaculture Activities; Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues) pose continuous threats to coral reef areas and seagrass beds as mentioned in the fisheries section.

Threatened Endangered Species

Degradation of coastal habitats threaten critical habitats of endangered species particularly the marine turtle nesting areas in Matina Aplaya and the extensive seagrass area in Lasang where whale sharks have been sighted.


35

Resource-Use Conflicts

The degradation of Coastal habitats is exacerbated by various resource use conflicts raised during the barangay cluster consultations and observations during the field surveys:

• Port structures have been constructed on coral and seagrass areas in Barangay Tibungco. The posts of the ports were buried in coral areas which prevent penetration of sunlight that is essential to the corals’ survival. Sea grasses were affected by reclamation activities in the area also.

• Informal settlements are situated within mangrove areas in Barangays Bago Aplaya, Matina Aplaya, Bucana, Bunawan and Lasang. Degradation of mangrove areas has been brought about by cutting of mangroves to free space for settlement structures, improper disposal of domestic solid wastes and wastewater due to lack of sewerage and sanitation facilities.

• The proposal to establish fish sanctuaries is considered by some as a restriction in traditional fishing grounds that will result in further decline in fish catch bringing about low income for the fishermen. For example, the proposed site for Lasang Fish Sanctuary which has fair coral cover and extensive seagrass beds is a major fishing ground within the area. This is related with the lack of available alternative livelihood within the area. (OIDCI, BCRMP, 2005). The limited logistical support in implementing coastal law enforcement discourages communities in the establishment of said sanctuaries.


Species Conservation

Marine Turtles A major biodiversity conservation effort of the City Government is the Pawikan Sanctuary. The Pawikan Sanctuary has been established at Punta Dumalag in Barangay Matina Aplaya through Resolution No. 02504-03 to serve as a nesting ground of hawksbill sea turtle. In relation with this, the Marine Turtle Protection and Conservation Task Force has been created through Executive Order 29-2003 as the primary group responsible to initiate and implement activities related to marine turtle conservation. This Task Force is composed of the Mayor or his authorized representative as the


36

MARINE TURTLE SANCTUARY

D A V A O G U L F

783500

783500

784000

784000

784500

784500

785000

785000

785500

785500

786000

786000

786500

786500

777000 777000

777500 777500

778000 778000

778500 778500

779000 779000

779500 779500

River

Road

Corals - 29.681 hactares

Manta Tow

Mangrove Reforestation - 0.494

Mangrove - 4.114 hactares

Seagrass - 4.225 hactares

LEGEND:

DAVAO CITY

PANABO CITY

STA. CRUZ

MAP SHOWING THE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION AND COMPLEXITY

OF BRGY. MATINA APLAYADAVAO CITY

N

1:18280

Surveyed by:

CMMD STAFF & CITY ENRO STAFF

Prepared by:

DENR XI-CMMD

MAP DATUM: LUZON-MINDANAO PHILIPPINESZONE 51

Chairperson, Chairperson of the Environment and Natural Resources Committee of the Sangguniang Panglungsod or his authorized representative as the Vice Chairperson and members, including: City Administrator, City Environment and Natural Resources Officer, City Agriculturist, City Planning and Development Coordinator, Barangay Captain of Matina Aplaya, Davao City Police Office, landowner or his authorized representative, DENR-XI representative, DA-XI representative, DIDP Project Management Office representative and 2 NGO representatives. In support of these initiatives, a MOA was signed in 23 January 2004 between Davao Light and Power Company, Inc. with the city Government of Davao and DENR to implement the Marine Turtle and Dugong Conservation Project. Since 2002, a total of 50 turtles have been tagged and released in the area, 30 of which were tagged in 2005 (Task Force Pawikan 2005 Annual Report & DENR-PAWD inventory report). Figure 5. Coastal Habitat Distribution in Matina Aplaya


37

Table 14 shows the number of marine turtle sightings in the area documented in the logbook of the said PO. Table 14. Number of Pawikan Tagged and Released

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

4 Lack of data 2 4 14 30*

Source: Task Force Pawikan *Data gathered from DENR and TFPD. Increase in tagged and released turtles could imply that constituents are more aware of their responsibilities because of frequent media exposures Whale Sharks The proposed conservation area for whale sharks or butandings is located at Brgy. Lasang i.e. practically the whole barangay coastal waters. Barangay Lasang is adjacent to a highly industrialized area but still has relatively fair and good condition of its seagrass, corals and mangroves. The said conservation initiative is proposed to be managed by a Peoples Organization in the area. Table 15. Recorded Sightings of Whale Sharks in Barangay Lasang

DATE NO. OF INDIVIDUALS TIME APPROX LENGTH (m)

Jan 2005 1 6am-1pm 3

March 20, 2005 1 3-5am 5

March 27, 2005 1 4pm 5

April 2005 1 3pm 8

May 17, 2005 2 4pm 5 & 7

May 25, 2005 1 3pm 4 Source: PO Logbook as of May 27, 2005


38

The following recommendations are deemed necessary to institutionalize marine species conservation in the city:

• The establishment of a turtle sanctuary in Matina Aplaya should be legitimized and a management plan formulated; and

• Establishment and Management of Conservation Area for Whale Sharks or Butandings in Lasang.

• Plan formulation for both proposed species conservation areas should detail the organizational structure and functions of the management body, its membership and tasks and responsibilities. It should provide a short-term action plan and a strategic framework agenda wherein sufficient budgets are allocated for the activities. The legitimization process should allow for sufficient social preparation and meaningful participation by stakeholders. (See discussion below).

Establishment and Management of Fish Sanctuaries

Two fish sanctuaries are proposed to be established by the City –Lasang Fish Sanctuary in Barangay Lasang (Figure 3) and Agdao Fish Sanctuary in Barangay Centro (Figure 4). Site surveys in the proposed fish sanctuary in Agdao have been conducted since 2002 by the International Marine Alliance (IMA). Assessment in the proposed fish sanctuaries was conducted by DENR-CMMD in 2005. The ecological profiles of the two proposed sanctuaries are summarized in Table 16.


39

Figure 6. Coastal Habitat Distribution in Lasang and Bunawan, Davao City. Table 16. Ecological Profile of the proposed Agdao and Lasang Fish Sanctuaries

Bio-Physical Description

Agdao Fish Sanctuary* Lasang Fish Sanctuary**

Size 6.95 has 3.08 has

Reef Condition 85% coral cover 73% live coral 12% dead coral

Live coral cover: 45.99%, consist mostly of Acropora branching types

Species Identified More than 40 commercial fish species identified 31 species of hard and soft corals 25 indicator fish species identified Invertebrate species, e.g. echinoderms, shells, etc.

More than 15 commercial fish species identified

Others Adjacent to mangrove area (12.05 has) and seagrass beds (64.51 has)

Source: *IMA report, 2000;**CMMD report, 2005

D A V A O G U L F

791500

791500

792000

792000

792500

792500

793000

793000

793500

793500

794000

794000

794500

794500

795000

795000

795500

795500

796000

796000

799000799000

799500799500

800000 800000

800500 800500

801000 801000

801500801500

802000802000

802500802500

803000803000

803500803500

River

Road

Bunawan Corals - 6.959 hac tares

Bunawan Fish pond - 5.996 hactares

Bunawan Mangrove - 9.125 hactar es

Bunawan Seagrass - 25.816 hactares

Bunawan Seaweeds - 2.922 hac tares

Bunawan Manta Tow

Lasang Fish Corral

Lasang Fishcage

Bunawan/Lasang Build-up

Lasang Cor als - 3.876 hactares

Lasang Mangrove - 12.00 hactares

Lasang Seagrass - 68.664 hactares

Lasang Fish pond - 46.951 hactares

LEGEND:

DAVAO CITY

PANABO CITY

STA. CRUZ

N

MAP SHOWING THE HABITAT DISTRIBUTION AND COMPLEXITY

OF BRGY. BUNAWAN & BRGY. LASANG, DAVAO CITY

Surveyed by:

CMMD STAFF &CITY ENRO

Prepared by:

DENR XI-CMMD

MAP DATUM: LUZON-MINDANAO PHILIPPINES ZONE 51

1:25000

Proposed fishsanctuary


40

Based on OIDCI-FRMP report, many barangays have expressed interest to establish marine sanctuaries. Based on the fair status of coastal habitats other potential areas (i.e. Barangays Lizada, Matina Aplaya, Lasang, and Bunawan) were identified during 2005 CMMD survey.

Site Selection for Fish Sanctuaries

• The establishment and management of these fish sanctuaries should be supported by local communities. As fishery stakeholders are concerned about the potential loss of fishing ground areas, effort should be taken in relation to Information, Education and Communications campaigns. This should involve both broad awareness campaigns on the importance of the proposed marine sanctuary areas and at the same time more solid community organizing prior to actual establishment of the sanctuaries to develop social acceptance by the community.

• Systematic assessment and evaluation of appropriate fish sanctuary areas should take into consideration ecological significance, rationalization of protection areas in other existing uses and existence of institutional and financial mechanisms for the establishment and management of these areas.

Formulation and Legitimization of Management Plan

• Creation of a local MPA body that will oversee Marine Sanctuary Plan formulation and implementation;

• Incorporation of buffer areas in proposed fish sanctuaries, for example,

o In Lasang, an additional extension of 100-200 meters around the perimeter to include the reservation area for whale sharks will considerably expand the no-take area and afford a buffer zone which will make it manageable and yet ecologically meaningful.

o In Agdao Centro, the aggregate total area under protection can be at least 20-30 hectares.

• Specify prohibition of fishing activities within the designated area, fines and penalties for violation of such prohibition and enforcement mechanisms (e.g. patrolling of Community Based Fishery Law Enforcers, community reporting system, community IEC activities)

• Legitimize plan through City Ordinance declaring the establishment of the fish sanctuaries, allocating budget and adopting the implementation mechanisms and strategies indicated in the MPA plan


41

Coastal and Riverbank Rehabilitation and Management

Mangrove Rehabilitation

It is significant to note that People’s Organizations (POs) from barangays Lasang, Bucana and Matina Aplaya are actively rehabilitating mangrove areas by way of planting of mangrove seedlings, such as Rhizopora, Sonneratia and Avicennia spp, along the coastal areas of the said barangays. The Association of Fisherfolks of Davao City, Inc. (AFDCI), an NGO funded by the European Commission has been instrumental in mobilizing the coastal communities of Barangay Lasang. Together with the Barangay Council of Lasang, they have established a mangrove nursery that supports the requirements for seedling materials during tree planting activities and provide alternative livelihood to the community. The activities also include regulation of fishing, gleaning and other fishery related activities in the area. There are also 3 other PO operating mangrove nurseries in Barangay Matina Aplaya. These POs receive financial assistance from NGOs, Congressional Fund of Congressman Prospero C. Nograles and supported with barangay and City funds. Activities for the Mangrove Rehabilitation are also assisted by private schools (University of Mindanao, Davao Doctors College and Holy Cross of Davao College) and private organizations (Rotary Club of Davao).

Riverbank Rehabilitation

Barangays 8-A, 9-A and 10-A in Poblacion District have also initiated riverbank rehabilitation activities. These barangays planted malubago species along the Davao Riverbank with a regular quarterly maintenance and protection activities. Led by Barangay officials, the activity is supported by private organizations like the University of Mindanao Administrative Employees Association and the Protect the Davao River Movement. In addition, the city government of Davao through the office of the City Environment and Natural Resources (CENRO) has initiated the Adopt a Mangrove and Riverbank program which is strongly supported by the national and local government offices, non-government organizations, barangay Council and the academe.


42

Table 17. Status of Replanting Initiatives of Mangrove & Malubago spp. Along Coastal and Riverbank Barangays of Davao City.

OFFICE/AGENCY/ OGANIZATION

NO. OF HECTARES

LOCATION REMARKS

University of Mindanao Administrative Employees Association (UMAEA)

3.0 Sitio Tambungon, Brgy Lasang, Bunawan District

2,050 seedlings of mangrove planted

UMAEA 1.5 Purok 9, Brgy 9-A Poblacion District

750 hills malubago seedlings planted along the riverbanks of Davao River

Inter-agency tree planting 500 m. Purok 2 Gravahan, Brgy Maa

500 hills malubago seedlings planted along the riverbanks of Davao River during Earth Day Celebration

Inter-school tree planting 2,000 sq. m. Brgy. Matina Aplaya 2,500 hills of mangrove planted along the coastal areas of Brgy Matina Aplaya

Inter-agency tree planting 5.0 Sitio Malambu-on, Brgy Bucana

6,650 hills of mangrove planted along the mouth of Davao River

Source: CENRO, 2005 The recommended potential areas for mangrove rehabilitation are Brgys. Lasang, Bunawan, Bucana & Matina Aplaya. Species of mangroves to be planted are Rhizopora, malubago, Sonneratia & Avicennia spp since these species are observed to be thriving in the said areas. The following are recommendations to further increase mangrove areas in the city:

• Establishment / survey of potential areas for Mangrove Rehabilitation Areas;

• Establishment of a City Mangrove Nursery

• Collaboration among the LGU, concerned NGAs, POs and academic institutions, specially the secondary level, to increase level of awareness on the importance of mangroves;

• Forging of co-management arrangement between DENR and LGU for mangrove area rehabilitation; and

• Site species matching should be taken that appropriate species suitability and extent of planting area are considered to assure higher survivorship. In addition, the mangrove rehabilitation program will need to make sure that capacity building of duly designated management are both technically capable and equipped to manage the area and at the same time foster community participation and stewardship.


43

General Recommendations

Below are general recommendations concerning the City’s biodiversity conservation:

• The different existing and proposed protection/rehabilitation areas can be part of the biodiversity conservation zone in the city CRM zoning scheme. Coastal habitat and species protection/rehabilitation is also an integral component of fisheries management and ecotourism development. The implementation mechanisms, particularly institutional and financial mechanisms at the city and barangay level for the proposed protection/rehabilitation areas need to be worked out.

• Systematic assessment of coastal habitats, capability and interest of potential local management bodies in most of the proposed fish sanctuaries are insufficient. Assessment can also involve the participation of local communities so as the gauge the appropriate management mechanisms that match the objectives of the particular zone.

• Harmonization of uses and management intervention of adjacent zones need to be further assessed so that these are consistent with management objectives (e.g. proposed fish sanctuary that are adjacent to pollution sources) and the likelihood of success of implementation.


44

Chapter 5

Marine Transportation, Navigation and Coastal Industries

A. Status of Marine Transportation in Davao City

The marine transportation of Davao City is an important sector contributing both to local and national economic activities. The seaports in the City are considered one of the largest in the country. They are considered major support facilities that have made the City a leading regional center in Mindanao Region. They service inter-island passenger traffic. This function is a significant linkage to the City’s tourism sector. Primary routes include Iloilo, General Santos, Manila, Bacolod, and Cebu. The City’s marine transportation also benefits inter-island travel within the Davao Region. The City’s transport system to the Island Garden City of Samal is considered a major local route directly related with tourism. Since Davao City is the jump-off point going to the Samal Island, tourism related establishments, services, hotels and restaurants economically gain from the existing set-up. There are 12 passenger boats and 3 barges from the City to the said Island. There are two terminals for these boats going the Island. One terminal is situated at Port of Sasa where barge and passenger boats are available. In Sta. Ana Pier, passenger boats are the ones taking the route from the City to the Island. These are operated by the vessel owners. Boat fare amounts to P25/head for the barge boats and P7.50/head for passenger boats. The City’s ports also handle inter-island and international shipments of locally produced commodities. They are essential facilities and infrastructure supporting the City’s trade economy, particularly for the agricultural sector. Major destinations of bananas, pomelos, mangoes and vegetables are Manila and Cebu. The bulk of these products are then transported to larger foreign-bound vessels for export. Major trade partners of the


45

City for bananas are China, Japan, Korea and Middle Eastern countries1. Coconut oil is also exported to Singapore and Japan. PPA-XI records that fruits and vegetables account for 70% of Sasa Wharf’s exports at an average of 2 million mt a year. To mention, Philippine Fruits International Cooperation (PFIC), a subsidiary of Profood International Corporation, is located within the City. It is a world-class producer of tropical fruit purees/concentrates/ready-to-drink juices (mango, pineapple, papaya, guyabano, guava, banana, clamansi, tamarind, Philippine orange and passion fruits). These products are supplied to international supermarket chains2. In 2004, total exports shipped out from the City’s ports amounted to US$ 993.8 million (DCIPC). Port activities also contribute to local employment through stevedoring activities. At present, the City has two government ports - Port of Sasa and Sta.Ana Pier. (See Map 5. Coastal land Development ). The Port of Sasa is the primary seaport for most commodities produced in Davao Region (See Box 2. Port Facilities, Equipment and Services, Port of Sasa) while the Sta. Ana Pier basically provides anchorage services to small vessels. In 2004, a total of 956 and 53 vessels used the Port of Sasa and Sta. Ana Pier, respectively. Tables 18 and 19, (through GRT and Total Cargo Throughput) show that the 2 ports are significant trading points. Box 2. Port Facilities, Equipment and Services, Port of Sasa.

Source: PPA, Davao City

1 http://www.gov.ph/cat_transportation/newscontent.asp?newsid=13343 2 http://www.mindanao.org/min_brochure/Mindanao%20Investment%20Brochure.pdf

Port Facilities

Berth length 980 meters Draft 10.5 m. MLLW Reefer facilities 204 outlets (with generator set) Container yard 48,848 sq.m Transit shed 6,250 sq.m Open storage areas 3,400 sq.m (I) and 33,323 sq.m (II) Passenger Terminal Bldg. 360 sq.m

Cargo Handling Equipment Port Services

4 units reach stacker Cargo handling 3 units forklift, 25T Pilotage 42 units forklift, 3T-6T Porterage 2 units crane Tug assistance 1 unit spreader Watering 2 units clam shell Shore reception Prime movers Vessel Repair/Maintenance Chassis trailers Bagging Shipping Handling


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Table 18. Shipping Statistics, Sta. Ana Pier, 2004

Port Performance Sta. Ana

Number of Vessels 53

Domestic 28

Foreign 25

Gross Registered Tonnage (m.t.) 207,141

Domestic 24,134

Foreign 183,007

Total Cargo Throughput (m.t.) 1,800

Domestic 1,200

Foreign 600 Source: PPA Table 19. Shipping Statistics, Port of Sasa, 2004

Port Performance Sasa

No. of Vessels 956

Domestic 672

Foreign 284

Gross Registered Tonnage 6,620,654

Domestic 4,102,405

Foreign 2,518,249

Total Cargo Throughput (m.t.) 2,808,640

Domestic 1,731,894

Foreign 1,005,420

Transit Cargo 71,326

Foreign Transshipment 0

Total Passengers 137,203

Disembarking 70,410

Embarking 66,793 Source: PPA


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The City’s Fish Port Complex in Daliao, on the other hand, serves as the center for collection, processing, storage and packaging of fishery and marine products for local and export distribution. (See Map 5. Coastal Land Development). Japan is a major destination of these fishery and marine products. Commercial fishers, mostly from Taiwan, use this port as transshipment facility. In addition, there are also four anchorage ports in the City. These are in Panacan, Bunawan, Ilang, and Lasang. These ports are basically used by cargo ships. (See Map 5.Coastal Land Development). The ports are managed by the Pilot Harbor Association.

B. Navigational Lane of Davao City

Vessels using the waters of Davao City follow designated waterways. Navigational lanes used by boats occupy about 50 meters passing in between Davao City and the Island Garden City of Samal where the shortest distance in between the two cities is about 1.5 kilometers (Map 5. Coastal Land Development). Domestic and international vessels weighing not less than 100 gross registered tonnage (GRT) entering the territorial waters of the city with the intent to call at a port are required to give written notice to the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) 24 hours before arrival for vessels on scheduled runs and 36 hours for tramping (without regular schedule) vessels (PPA Administrative Order 13-77). In year 2004, PPA records show that about 956 vessels docked in the Port of Sasa. Refer to Table 18 and 19 for anchorage and berthing details.

C. Coastal Industries

Related with the City’s marine transportation sector’s operations are commercial establishments and industries situated within the coastal barangays. There are 6,390 commercial establishments registered as of 2004. These commercial establishments have high economic value to the City’s local economy. Total Gross Sales in 2004 amounted to P30 Billion. These establishments also generate employment among the local people. As of 2004, 20,117 employees were benefiting from the operations of these establishments. To mention, 95% of these establishments are classified micro in scale while 4% are categorized as small commercial establishments with Total Capital ranging from P3M to P15M. The rest falls under the medium and large operations. Most of these medium and large commercial establishments are situated within Barangays 27, Bucana, Pampanga and Sasa.


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Major coastal industries, on the other hand, are involved in processing/manufacturing of food, copra, corrugated cartons, chemicals, cement/hollow blocks, lumber/plywood, feeds/rice (mills), charcoal, metal/steel, plastics, fiber glass, rubber and oil. Majority of these industries are located in Panacan, Sasa, Bunawan, Tibungco and Lasang. (See Annex 7 for list of major coastal industries). The coastal land areas covered by tenure and zoning are shown in Map 6 (Coastal Land Tenure and Zoning). The inventory of foreshore areas with Foreshore Lease Contracts (FLCs) within coastal barangays as of December 2004 (See Annex 1) indicates that Shell Phils., Inc. and Legaspi Oil are the only ones with FLCs. Moreover, the list of industries within coastal barangays with Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECCs) as of December 2005 (See Annex 2) indicates that not all of these industries have been issued ECCs. In addition, the City’s industrial establishments situated along the coasts are directly linked with the marine transportation sector of the City. There are twelve private ports in the City which are used and owned by establishments engaged in manufacturing and exporting activities. The concentration of these coastal industries is in Barangays Sasa and Ilang. The products handled by these establishments include wheat, flour, corn, grains, bananas petroleum products, coconut oil, copra, copra pellets, veneer, cement, coal and containers (Map 5. Coastal Land Development and Table 20. Profile of Private Ports, Davao City). Table 20. Profile of Private Ports, Davao City

Port Location Berthing Facility Cargo Storage Cargo Handling Equipment

Commodity Handled

Universal Robina Corporation

Sasa, Davao City

14.6 m X 43 cm concrete deck

Silos for grains, warehouse – 35m X 78m

Ship unloader/ conveyor Portable unloader (suction and discharge – 120 tons/hour

Wheat Flour Corn Grains

Shell Jetty Sasa, Davao City

38 m X 5 m RC pier 6.4 m X 4.6 m pier Head, 2 b-dolphines

Storage tanks for petroleum products Warehouses

Pipelines Petroleum products

Caltex Jetty 1 Sasa, Davao City

3.5 m X 66.28 m concrete wharf

Storage tanks Warehouses


Caltex Jetty 2 (non-operational)

Sasa, Davao City

16.7 m X 8.5 m concrete deck 81.5 m X 4 m causeway

Legaspi Oil Sasa, Davao City

200 m concrete deck Warehouse for copra and copra pellets

Pipelines Conveyor

Coco-oil Copra Copra pellets


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Port Location Berthing Facility Cargo Storage Cargo Handling Equipment

Commodity Handled

INTERCO-DAVAO

Sasa, Davao City

99 m concrete deck Warehouses for copra, copra pellets Storage tanks

Pipelines for coco Coco-oil Copra Copra pellets

New Davao Oil Mill

Panacan, Davao City

15 m X 20 m loading deck 4 breasting dolphins Mooring bollards

Storage tanks for coco oil

Pipelines for coco oil (9”D X 320 m)

Coco oil

TEFASCO Wharf Ilang, Davao City

400 m X 13 m concrete apron

3 cargo sheds 1 cold storage 15,000 sq m CY

26 units forklifts Mobile cranes Payloader Backhoe Reachstacker

General cargoes Containers and banana for exports

MTBS Wharf Ilang, Davao City

95.65 X 20 m concrete deck

3,600 sq m shed 12 reefer plugs

17 units forklifts (electric) 13 units diesel feed forklifts

Banana for exports Reefer containers

HOLCIM Wharf Ilang, Davao City

Berth 1- 142 m Berth 2 – 131 m

2 cargo sheds 1 shed for coal Open storage for coal

3 tonner forklifts Mobile cranes Conveyor Payloader

Cement Coal Slags Gypsum

DOTSCO Jetty Pampanga, Davao City

Loading platform 2 breasting dolphines

Storage tanks for petroleum products


Mintrade Agdao Centro

Logs (sawmill)

Source: PPA, 2006 Table 20 below presents performance of these private ports. Number of vessels which used these ports and volume of cargoes shipped in and out through these ports are also shown. It can be inferred from the table that these private ports are essential support facilities to industries which contribute highly to the City’s trading economy. Table 21. Port Statistics, At Berth Only, 2004

Port Performance Caltex Interco-Dav. Leg-Oil MTBS Petron Shell

Phil. Tefasco U. R. C. Unioil

Number of Vessels 91 83 94 121 88 50 448 4 8

Domestic 91 57 69 0 78 32 206 2 8

Foreign 0 26 25 121 10 18 242 2 0

Gross Registered Tonnage (m.t.) 258,170 483,578 455,993 916,096 220,241 95,974 2,562,027 51,643 6,339

Domestic 258,170 30,562 26,120 0 180,759 24,195 741,749 975 6,339

Foreign 0 453,016 429,873 916,096 39,482 71,779 1,820,278 50,668 0


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Port Performance Caltex Interco-Dav. Leg-Oil MTBS Petron Shell

Phil. Tefasco U. R. C. Unioil

Total Cargo Throughput (m.t.) 303,904 151,714 180,608 287,030 212,386 29,481 1,698,754 31,080 10,214

Domestic 303,904 43,514 54,174 0 202,529 15,566 905,716 2,000 10,214

Foreign 0 108200 126434 287030 9857 13915 793038 29080 0 Source: PPA, 2004

D. Issues and Problems

Marine Transportation

Oil Spills

The most critical problem concerning the marine transportation sector of the City is the water pollution brought about by oil spills from the ships and operations of industrial establishments with private ports. These spillages are results of discharging activities, worn-out equipment, ship accidents and broken pipes. Table 22 identifies oil spillages recorded by the Philippine Coast Guard. It should be mentioned that this issue was one of the major points raised during the Barangay cluster Consultation and Zoning Workshops. Table 22. Record of Oil Spillages, Davao City

Date of Incident

Spiller Place of Incident

Volume Spill Type of Oil Cause of Spillage

Fine

January 2000 DUCC DUCC Wharf, Ilang

1,000 liters Light bunker Leaking discharge pipe

P5,000

February 2000

MV Intra Bhum TEFASCO 10 liters Oily mixture Discharging P4,000

March 2000 MV Oceanic Sasa Wharf 250 liters Oily mixture Discharging P4,000

March 2001 Undetermined Legaspi Oil 10 liters Oily slick Undetermined source

none

March 2001 Undetermined Sasa Wharf 20 liters Oily slick Washed away current

none

April 2001 MV Mega Dua TEFASCO, Ilang

5 liters Oily mixture Worn-out valve gasket

P7,000


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Date of Incident

Spiller Place of Incident

Volume Spill Type of Oil Cause of Spillage

Fine

April 2001 MV Pula Bay Sasa Wharf 300 liters Oily mixture Discharging P4,000

May 2001 MV Terrier Sasa Wharf 70 liters Oily mixture Discharging P4,000

July 2001 MV Dingalan Sasa Wharf Major oil spill Light bunker Collision with MV Pacific Eagle

P1,000,000

March 2005 MV Cala Piccola TEFASCO, Ilang

128,000 liters Bunker oil mixed with salt water

Crack on oil tank

P20,000

Source: 8th District Philippine Coast Guard Notably, there is high incidence of oil spills in Sasa. The highest volume of oil spills, however, happened in Ilang where 128,000 liters of bunker oil mixed salt water polluted the City’s waters. Fines for oil spills are paid to Philippine Coast Guard. Analysis of the above table reveals that externalities caused by oil spills are not sufficiently compensated by the amounts of fines charged to firms owning the concerned vessels. This also results from the regulation that fines are paid to Philippine Coast Guard without revenue-sharing agreement with the City Government.

Solid Wastes

PPA Administrative Order 02-2003 provides implementing rules and regulations on installation of shore reception facilities. It specifies garbage fee for each type of vessels and states that additional fee shall be collected for collection of oily wastes, noxious liquid substance and garbage in excess of 0.4 cu.m. Table 22 presents the schedule of fees. Further, it mandates segregation of biodegradable wastes from non-biodegradable wastes. As a response, in 2003, PPA awarded the contract for the establishment and operation of reception and treatment facilities for wastes generated by ships to Golden Dragon International Terminals, Inc. The latter offers waste collection and disposal services. A Certificate of Service Rendered is signed by vessel in-charge.


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Table 23. Schedule of Fees, Shore Reception Facilities

Additional Fee Types and Classification of Vessel Fixed Fee (Collection of 0.4 cu.m or

less) Excess

Garbage Oily Waste

and NLS

Domestic

Passenger ferry regardless of GRT that calls at base and private port for more than once a day

Passenger/cargo vessel of 7 GRT to 400 GRT

Passenger/cargo vessel of 401 GRT to 1,000 GRT

Passenger/cargo vessel of 1001 GRT and above

P30/call

P30/call

P150/call

P500/call

P30/cu.m

P30/cu.m

P150/cu.m

P450/cu.m

P1,300/cu.m

P1,300/cu.m

P1,300/cu.m

P1,500/cu.m

Foreign

1,000 GRT and below

1,001 GRT and above

P1,700/call

P5,000/call

P550/cu.m

P550/cu.m

P1,500/cu.m

P1,500/cu.m Source: PPA

Resource Use Conflicts

The conflicts raised in relation to marine transport and coastal industries are as follows:

• Water pollution arising from the City’s ports has negatively affected other coastal economic activities. In Barangays Agdao Centro, Daliao and Sasa, dock sites are adjacent to beach resorts and poor water quality diminishes tourism and recreation values;

• Wharfs located in Barangay Sasa and Tibungco and the associated boat traffic have resulted in incidents of property damage for both seaweed farmers or boat owners; and

• Passage of ships through the fishing grounds is being contested by fisher folks in the said areas. There is also a perception that there is encroachment of unregistered foreign vessels plying along the City’s waters.

Other Socio-Economic Concerns

The Davao City Fish Port Complex is the only fish port within the City. The insufficient number of fish landings within the City that will accommodate increased trading of fishery products has been a pressing concern especially in Barangays Binugao and Toril. This is important in relation to providing support facilities for fishery development as discussed in the Fisheries Section.

Finally, it has to be noted that prostitution has become a prevalent problem

within the port areas.


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Coastal Industries

Industrial Pollution

Though industries have high significance to the economic performance of Davao City, several environmental issues need to be addressed. First, these establishments are sources of solid and liquid wastes which have worsen the poor water quality of the City. Used oil, sawdust, animal wastes, coconut meat and used water are dumped into the City waters. (See Annex 7 for types of wastes generated by coastal industries). The industrial pollution in coastal and marine waters in the City negatively impacts all other resource users. In particular, the following issues were raised during the barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshops:

• These industrial wastes have affected tourism activities in beach resorts situated adjacent to these establishments. (See Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues).

• The poor water quality has lessened the recreational value in coastal resorts. This is the case in Barangays Hizon, Pampanga, and Lizada as relayed during the barangay consultations.

Foreshore Lease Agreements and Environmental Compliance Certificates

Strict implementation of monitoring and evaluation of FLCs and ECC issuances have also been weak. DENR records compared to inventory of existing coastal industries show very low compliance to environmental requirements since only a few coastal establishments have the required FLCs and ECCs.

E. Management Interventions and Recommendations

Marine Transportation Sector

At present, the City Government has no involvement in the local management of marine transportation sector. The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)-XI is the government agency that collects administrative, registration and licensing fees and charges from shipping companies. Thus, the City Government has no hold on local and international vessels. The only responsibility devolved to the City is the registration of fishing vessels 3 gross tonnage below.


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On the other hand, the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)-XI owns, develops, manages and regulates the Port of Sasa and Sta. Ana Pier. The PPA derives its income from port dues for the use of port facilities as a whole; and port tariffs charged on ship owners and cargo owners. Port dues are charges on cargo and ships. Port tariffs include aids to navigation, pilotage and towage fees, cargo handling, berthing fees, anchorage fees, usage fees, wharfage fees and storage fees. PPA also earn from concessionaires' fees and fees from private port operators. The PPA does not charge any fee for the negative impact of ships and port operation on coastal resources. It receives 10% and 20% from cargo handling revenues on domestic and foreign cargoes, respectively. To mention, 50% of PPA’s annual net income accrues to national government as dividends. There is an on-going negotiation between the City Government of Davao and the Philippine Ports Authority regarding payment of appropriate taxes. The City’s private ports are managed by industry owners using the ports. They are obliged to pay 50% of the port charges collected in PPA ports. These private ports are regulated by PPA through: issuance of permit to construct and operate the port; and approval of increases in cargo handling rates and port charges. There are no special fees for coastal industries. The only fish port of the City, the Davao Fish Port Complex situated in Daliao, is being managed by Philippine Fisheries Development Authority (PFDA). PFDA is mandated to pay realty tax to the City. At present, however, PFDA’s delinquency has totaled to P85 million as of 2004. (City Treasurer letter to PFDA, dated 22 June 2004). It is noteworthy to mention that marine pollution and safety standards are under the supervision of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG). Collection of fines and penalties from violators accrue to PCG’s Funds. Given the above institutional and financial arrangements related to the City’s marine transportation system,, the sector’s increasing negative externalities on the City’s waters, resource use conflicts and the devolution of CRM to LGUs as mandated in Local Government Code and RA 8550, the following are recommended:

1. Zoning

a. Navigation Zone (Navigational Lanes) shall be established in consultation with the concerned agencies (e.g. Philippine Ports Authority; Philippine Coast Guard).

b. Coordination with MARINA on list of registered local and foreign vessels.


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c. Regulate construction of additional private and fish ports shall be limited to areas following the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Since PPA issues permits to construct private ports, the City Government should collaborate with PPA.

d. Identification/designation of areas for fish landings

2. Valuation Study of the City’s Marine Transportation Sector. This study is geared towards assessing and drafting recommendations on the following areas:

a. Strengthened institutional arrangement and/or management sharing scheme on the management of ports. This can specifically be zeroed in on solid waste and wastewater management.

b. Revenue generation options. Revenue-sharing arrangements with PPA and MARINA on the use of City waters by PPA Ports and private ports as well as with PCG on fines and penalties collected from oil spillers should be explored.

c. Levying of fees and charges from vessels plying along the City’s waters/navigational lane

d. Feasibility study on devolution of Port of Sasa or Sta. Ana Pier to City Government per Administrative Order No. 02-98. An institutional arrangement between the City Government and PPA may be forged.

3. Conduct of independent water quality monitoring by the City with strengthened collaboration with PCG and DENR in PPA and private port areas. Along with this, mechanisms that will mitigate externalities caused by ships and port activities should be developed.

Coastal Industries

Davao City’s coastal industries follow the appropriate zoning and legislated business requirements. There is no specific local government unit or office that has direct jurisdiction over the special requirements of coastal industries. Available information showed that the local government only gets revenue from these coastal industries through their business permits and real estate taxes. Based on the city land use plan, the industrial zones include the following coastal barangays Sasa, Panacan, Ilang, Tibungco and Bunawan.


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Compliance to environmental regulations of FLCs and ECCs is very low. It is essential that these are strictly enforced because these have direct bearing mitigating resource use conflicts and negative environmental impacts. DENR-EMB is the one responsible for ECC issuances for those industries which have complied with their approved standards. The City has not developed standards for the industries yet, especially for those situated within the coastal areas, to ensure that industrial pollution is controlled. Recommendations to improve environmental impacts of operations of coastal industries include:

Strengthened collaboration with DENR-EMB on ECC and DENR-LMS for FLC issuances and strict implementation of fines and penalties for non-compliance. A regular review of these issuances is imperative; and

City Ordinance for industrial establishments specifying required SWM and wastewater facilities and, corresponding fines and penalties for non-compliance

D. Data Gaps

Data gaps for marine transportation, navigation and coastal industries are:

• Number of boats routing from Davao City to Island Garden City of Samal and operators of these boats;

• Value of City’s exports transshipped through City’s ports;

• Institution managing anchorage ports in Panacan, Bunawan, Ilang, Lasang and Daliao;

• Points of City’s navigational lane;

• Number of registered shipping lines;

• Type of wastes generated / collected from vessels

• Types of wastes commonly found within the port area;

• Taxes paid by PPA ports to City Government;

• City Government office in-charge for the coastal industries and

• PPA Revenues from Port of Sasa, Sta. Ana Pier and private ports;


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Chapter 6

Tourism and Recreation

A. Profile of Coastal Tourism in Davao City

Davao City, the gateway to Mindanao and the East Asean Growth Area (EAGA) is a destination hub offering various activities from highlands to the coast. It is also the jump-off point for interesting sights in the Davao region, including the Island Garden of Samal. Department of Tourism (DOT) records show that 80% (568,442 out of the total 691,974) of the visitors to Southern Mindanao during the period January to December 2004 arrived in Davao City en route to their destinations. This is attributed to the positioning of Davao City as the Convention Center of the South—the ideal convention and leisure destination to both domestic and foreign visitors which comes mostly from Japan, USA, Korea, China and Australia. Estimated tourists receipts of P7.09B were generated in 2004. In January 2006, Davao City as a major international tourist destination in Mindanao was put to test when it hosted the 25th ASEAN Tourism Forum, a cooperative regional initiative to promote the Southeast Asian region as one tourist destination. According to a DOT press release, the ATF “is already putting this emerging megacity in the world tourism map and drawing global attention to its economic boom and bloom”. Touted as the biggest tourism event in Asia, the event drew about 3,000 foreign and local visitors. Welcome to this city with adventures “From Islands to Highlands”.


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Tourist Attractions and Establishments

City Tourism Office records show that as of 8 December 2005, there are a total of 51 registered travel and tour operators in the City, providing inbound and outbound tour services, including assistance to passport processing. Of these establishments, 18 are DOT-accredited; 31 are non-DOT accredited (Davao Tourism Situationer 2006). There are a total of 160 tourist spots and attractions (see Table 24) in the city (City Socio-Economic Profile 2003). This includes a historical site along Talomo Beach which is the landing site of the American Liberation Forces during World War II. This 10-km stretch waterfront is site of the Second World War sunken warships that can be found about 200 meters from the shore. (Davao Tourism Situationer 2006).

Table 24. Types and Number of Tourism Sites in Davao City

Type Number

Natural 34

Historical 32

Cultural 5

Religious 8

Agricultural 10

Festivals 19

Shopping 18

Recreational 34

Total 160 Source: Davao City Socio-Economic Indicators 2004, OCPDC June 2004

Davao City has 2,201 rooms available for visitors who stay at an average of 4 days. (Davao City Socio-Economic Indicators 2004, CPDC June 2004). Despite the number of available lodging facilities, there is only one hotel located along the city coast -- the Waterfront Insular Hotel Davao, a first class hotel with 153 rooms; accredited with the Department of Tourism as of December 1, 2005. The hotel has its own jetty which also serves as port for guests of the Pearl Farm Beach Resort in IGACOS.


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Coastal Tourism

Coastal tourism has proven to be a major contributor to the City’s economy. Its direct linkages with the other business sectors – marine transportation (local), restaurants, accommodations (hotels), telecommunications and other service-related activities – have increased its economic and financial contributions to the City. The City’s beach resorts have increasingly attracted local and foreign tourists. At present, there are 17 private beach resorts listed with the Department of Tourism and the Davao City Tourism Office (Table 25). Most of these resorts and seaside restaurants are located along the shorelines of Matina Aplaya, Talomo and Toril. (Beach Escapades, Madayaw Dabaw Travel Guide, CTO 2006). Public beaches can also be found in Barangays Bucana, Pampanga, Ilang, Panacan, Lasang, Lizada, Agdao Centro, Lapu-Lapu, Dumoy (Map 5. Coastal Land Development). Table 25. Beach Resorts, Davao City

Establishment Location

Larous Beach Resort Talomo Proper

Larous II Beach Resort Talomo Proper

Kalayaan Beach Resort Brgy Daliao

Bonguyan Beach Resort Matina Aplaya

Felis Resort Complex Matina Aplaya

High Ponds Resort Binugao, Toril

Dumoy Garden Dumoy

Kadayawan Resort Matina Aplaya

Vales Beach Facilities Daliao

Ocean View Beach Daliao

Mergrande Ocean Resort Bago Aplaya

Mervillas Beach Resort Bago Aplaya

Jones Beach Resort Talomo Proper

Davao Seagull Resort Matina Aplaya

Seagull Beach Resort Matina Aplaya

Shrimric Beach Resort Bago Aplaya

Vales Beach Resort Toril Source: City Tourism Office and DOT, 2005


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There are many other beach resorts and restaurants in the various coastal barangays (See Annex 3) not listed with the Department of Tourism and City Tourism Office . Tourists and local residents also take gastronomic delight in the seaside restaurants that dot along the entire coast line of the city. Aside from swimming, coastal recreational activities include snorkeling, boating, fishing, diving, cruising, and other underwater activities. Davao City is marketed as one of the diving destinations and the gateway to other aqua sports in Mindanao. The large number of diving enthusiasts in the city organized themselves into groups like the Scuba Divers of Davao Association (SCUDDA). There are 6 shops registered with the DOT offering aqua sports facilities (including equipment rental and air refilling) and 2 of these shops offer basic and advance scuba diving lessons. Davao City also links locals and tourists to the Island Garden City of Samal and this contributes significantly to the City’s tourist and recreation establishments.

B. Issues and Challenges

Coastal Water Pollution

The negative effects of increasing economic activities on the City’s coastal areas for tourism have been evident. Tourism and recreation establishment are waste generators and also among the sectors also affected by coastal pollution. EMB’s Annual Water Quality Report in 2004 indicates that of the 12 stations assessed, only stations 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 are suitable for bathing and/or contact recreation. Stations , 9 and 10 falls within Class A (Total Coliform MPN/100 ml = 70), stations 2, 3 and 4 fall within Class SB (Total Coliform MPN/100 ml = 1,000) and stations 1, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 are under Class SC (Total Coliform MPN/100 ml = 5,000). It is interesting to mention that these stations are used as bathing beaches and fishing areas. Table 26 presents details of the said Report.

Table 26. Total Coliform Level of Bathing Beaches, Davao City and Island Garden City of Samal, 2004

Total Coliform MPN/100ml

Station Identification 1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

Average

Stn. 1: Kalayaan Beach Resort, Daliao 1,615 3,273 3,632 677 2,299

Stn. 2: Mergrande Ocean Beach Resort, Bago Aplaya 550 114 169 33 217

Stn. 3: Seagull Beach Resort, Matina Aplaya 383 182 43 110 180

Stn. 4: Bonguyan Beach Resort, Matina Aplaya 924 773 1,217 81 749


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Total Coliform MPN/100ml

Station Identification 1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

Average

Stn. 5: Liberty Beach Resort, Matina Aplaya 7,675 2,615 5,006 381 3,919

Stn. 6: Marina Azul I, Matina Aplaya 1,020 4,404 2,107 244 1,944

Stn. 8: Guino-o Beach Resort, Binugao 2,268 1,233 1,154 553 1,302

Stn. 9: Paradise Island Beach Resort, IGACOS 42 43 29 19 33

Stn. 10: Costa Marina Beach Resort, IGACOS 123 27 25 <20 49

Stn. 11: Samal Beach Resort, IGACOS 50 19 31 27 33

Stn. 12: Felis Beach Resort, Matina Aplaya 2,788 3,432 7,268 438 3,482

Stn. 13: Agdao Beach Resort, Agdao 9,366 8,547 14,537 342 8,198 Source: DENR- EMB IX

The majority of the resource use conflicts raised during the barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshops are related to coastal pollution. These are the following:

The presence of industries adjacent to beach resorts in Barangays Sasa, Pampanga, Ilang, Hizon, Lizada and Bunawan have decreased water quality in these beach areas due to dumping of industrial wastes as discussed in the section of coastal industries. Specifically, oil leakages and spills occur in Sasa. (Barangay Validation Workshop in cluster 2.) The same situation is observed in Barangay Matina Aplaya where beach resorts are adjacent to dock sites. (See Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issues).

Aquaculture activities, including seaweed farming and fish cages, in Barangays Tibungco, Sasa, Panacan and Lizada have caused organic pollution in beach resort waters. (Barangay Validation Workshop. (See Map 3. Fisheries and Coastal Enforcement Issue Map).

Coastal settlements adjacent to beach resort are affected by domestic solid waste and wastewater discharge. Overall, the coastal waters of Davao City are not suitable for swimming.

Conversely, solid wastes generated in beach resorts have also threatened the City’s water quality. At present, no City Ordinance has been passed yet to ensure that proper SWM practices are observed by beach resort owners.


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Expired Foreshore Lease Contracts (FLCs)

Another critical issue besetting coastal tourism areas are expired Foreshore Lease Agreements (FLAs) of some existing tourism facilities and establishments in the City’s coastal areas. The inventory of Lands Management Sector of DENR as of December 2004 shows that there are only 3 beach resorts which has been awarded a Foreshore Lease Contract. The lack of strict monitoring of FLA issuances results in increasing operations of tourism facilities and establishments without tenure. This is also related with the issuance of Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) by EMB. EMB’s ECC list (as of December 2005) shows that only Davao Seagull Resort Development, Inc. and Kisan Lu Beach Resort in Matina Aplaya and Bago Aplaya, respectively, have been issued ECCs.

Other Resource-Use Conflicts

Conflict on the use of the coastal area was also one of the issues raised during the celebrated “King David Statue” issue during the 3rd quarter of year 2005. Some local legislators took offense on the nude statue that was erected by reclaiming around 3,300 square meter of the coastline. The issue reached a stalemate when Davao City Mayor Rodrigo R. Duterte cited that the subject in question is part of the MR 20, along with other smaller establishments/developments in the area. Local media reports said that the Mayor will act on the “King David” issue if he can implement the same fate to the other illegal structures within the proclaimed area. The issue did not progress. The city government through the Office of the City Planning and Development Coordinator is coordinating with the DENR Land Management Sector regarding the legality of the occupants in order to recommend proper management of the reservation.


Tourism Programs

To meet its tourism needs, the Davao City Tourism Office is mandated to implement the city tourism plans, programs and activities, which include the licensing of all tourism related establishments/services in the city. The tourism industry in the city has also organized themselves into several organizations. There are 26 tourism-oriented associations/organizations in Davao City listed with the Department of Tourism XI, including an association of scuba divers. (p 66-67 Davao Tourism Situationer 2006). There are also several web sites available in the internet providing information on Davao City and its tourism attractions and facilities. Official website of the Davao City Tourism Office is http://www.davaotourism.davaoguide.com/


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An attempt to institutionalize the tourism industry in the city was marked by the passage of Ordinance No. 0121-03 series of 2003 creating the Barangay Tourism, Arts and Culture Council. It strengthens government and private sector cooperation in implementing a good tourism environment for the city. Under its provisions, these barangay councils will be composed of 40% government and 60% private sector proportion, to be headed by the Barangay Chairman and assisted by the Chairperson of the Barangay Committee on Tourism. Funds for the operation of the Council “shall be covered by its own funds which may be sourced from private foundations, NGOs and other similar organizations”.

Presidential Proclamation 20

Presidential Proclamation 20 (MR 1050) provides that Times Beach, situated at Cabacan-Punta Dumalag be reserved as recreation center. The said area measures 24.29 hectares where 1.52 hectares are covered by validated titles. On the other hand, area occupied with structures subject to validation account to 1.45 hectares. Remaining area on land is 3.56 hectares while remaining area under water is 17.76 hectares. Indicative survey of the Times Beach area reveals that there are 22 tourism-related business establishments constructed within the indicated reserved area. Structures/properties within the MR 1050 as surveyed are the following: private building owned by Arthuro Pamilar; Malibago Beach Resort; Aqua Marina; Baywalk; JJs Beach Resort; Cove’s Resort; Tuna-to-Go Seafoods; Lisa’s Seafoods; Ivy Jane Ihaw-Ihaw; Dondi and Elizabeth Carenderia; Mariet’s Restaurant; Dwenzyl’s Seafoods; Miggy’s Grill; Resthouse Brown; Hannah’s; Tabing Dagat; Chino’s; Babes Ihaw-Ihaw; Kanaway; Emar Beach Resort; Adarna/Queensland Property; and Bonguyan Beach Resort. The Adarna/Queensland Property is composed of: Baywalk where David’s Status is located (reclaimed area); David’s statue (reclaimed area); Queensland Development Property (titled property); and Queensland Hotel (private property). It should be mentioned, however, that 29 housing units/structures are situated within the MR 1050.

Ecotourism

The City plans to establish an ecotourism area in Matina Aplaya where there have been nesting sites of marine turtles. A primary recommendation related with this is the identification of specific institutional and revenue-sharing arrangements between the City and Barangay Matina Aplaya. Basic areas that also need to be looked into are prohibited activities within the area and corresponding fines and penalties. Supporting recommendations for the City’s present initiatives on coastal tourism include the following:

Tourism Zone shall be established in accordance with existing policies, existing land uses and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan.

Consensus-building on conflict areas with industries, mangrove areas and settlements.


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Organization of association of beach resort and other coastal tourism business-related owners. A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) can be forged among these stakeholders on strategies on how to maintain good water quality.

Strengthen collaboration between proposed CRM Office and EMB of DENR for strict implementation of FLA and ECC issuances. Regular review of the said permits should be conducted.

Conduct of independent water quality monitoring in beach resort areas.

Development and implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation (M& E) Program for coastal tourism facilities, establishments, services and industries. Indicators should target analysis of impacts of coastal tourism activities on water quality and affected coastal habitats.

City Ordinance specifically addressed to beach resort owners and other related stakeholders such as restaurants, hotels etc. These should specify provisions for required SWM facilities/equipment, sewerage and sanitation facilities, source reduction mandates and, fines and penalties for improper dumping of wastes. City Ordinance specifically addressed to industry owners with provisions on waste disposal and, fines and penalties for non-compliance to ECC standards and said Ordinance.

Reconcile records of establishments (beach resorts and seaside restaurants) of the City Tourism Office, Business Bureau and the Department of Tourism. There are several establishments already operating but are not reflected either in the lists of CTO and DOT.

D. Data Gaps

Data gaps include the following:

• Number of boats registered per establishment providing passenger transport service

• Number of seaside restaurants (small, medium, large scale operation)

• Income specifically generated from coastal tourism; labor generated

• Number of establishments located along the coast


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Chapter 7

Synthesis and General Recommendations

A. Resource Use Issues and Impacts

Based on the barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshops, the most common issues raised (Annex 4) were:

• improper waste management, primarily human and solid waste, followed by industrial waste, oil spills and waste water

• illegal fishing activities

• informal coastal settlements

• various resource use conflicts in each sector The interaction of the major coastal land and city water resource uses are illustrated in Fig. 5. Notably, majority of the interactions of resource uses are negative, resulting in conflicts. For land-based uses, conflicts arise from incompatible nature of adjacent establishments (e.g. heavy industry and critical habitats for biodiversity conservation; beach resorts and informal settlements). All of the private establishments along the coast directly limit public access to shorelines and coastal areas for recreational and other livelihood activities. For water-based uses, navigation has a negative impact on fixed aquaculture and fishing gear structures. All types of coastal industries on land and water (e.g. aquaculture) if unregulated have adverse negative impacts on critical areas for biodiversity conservation and municipal fisheries due to degradation of coastal water quality.


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Protection of critical coastal habitats (i.e. turtle nesting grounds, whale shark and dugong conservation areas, mangroves, seagrass and corals) on the other hand has potential positive impacts on fishing and tourism. On the other hand, marine transport facilities complement coastal industries and navigation. The environmental and socio-economic impacts of current coastal resource uses are summarized in Annex 5. Despite the prospective positive socio-economic benefits the different coastal development activities ( i.e. marine transport, heavy industries, tourism, settlements), the costs of the negative environmental impacts outweigh the positive socio-economic impacts considering that only a few benefit directly from most of these activities. Figure 7. Interaction Matrix of the Major Coastal and Marine Resource Uses.


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B. General recommendations

1. Development objectives should ensure that coastal and marine resources can renew themselves and provide opportunities for wealth and security for future generations. Coastal land areas (particularly foreshore areas) and city waters are state “owned’ and should be managed for public good. Environmental services to safeguard the diverse socio-economic benefits from these resources, such as water quality monitoring, biodiversity conservation, fishery and coastal law enforcement should be allocated proportionate subsidy by the government.

2. “Polluter pay principle” should be applied to mitigate coastal pollution. Fishery productivity, coastal tourism potential and biodiversity conservation are compromised by degradation of water quality, regulation and mitigation costs should be borne by the major waste generators such as coastal and marine transport industries.

3. Mechanisms to ensure equitable and long-term socio-economic betterment of marginalized members of the community should be established. Of the coastal uses, well managed fisheries have high direct long-term socio-economic benefits as a source of food and livelihood to the very poor sectors of the community. Improved fisheries management should be coupled with livelihood development. Informal coastal settlements are significant waste generators. Priority for housing and sanitation programs will bring about very high socio-economic and ecological benefits.

4. Adoption of a coastal and marine zonation scheme which is harmonized with the City’s land use and watershed plans, as a framework for integrated coastal zone management will be strategic. Given the diverse and complex coastal and marine resource use concerns, policy and institutional support for the creation of a CRM body to coordinate the formulation and implementation of management programs and strategies for the different priority use zones is imperative.

C. Proposed Coastal and Marine Management Zones

Coastal and city water zoning is a development planning tool to identify development opportunities, rationalize and harmonize priority use areas and manage current and prospective resource use conflicts towards integrated coastal zone management. The zoning scheme can be used as framework for the management of coastal and marine resources within the jurisdiction of the local government unit. Decisions to designate management zones and the supporting policies and guidelines should be anchored on the principles of sustainable development, equitable use and allocation of benefits, and good environmental governance.


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During each barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshop, the participants were divided into 4 to 5 groups for the zoning workshop where they discussed and plotted on the base map current coastal and marine uses (i.e. both land-based and activities within city waters), priority issues, management recommendations and the proposed zonation scheme. To optimize sharing of information and discussions, each workshop group was comprised of representatives from different barangays. The issues and recommendations made were tallied (Annex 4) and results of the zone mapping activity of each workshop group were integrated into a proposed zoning map. After all the barangay cluster consultations, the zoning recommendations (Annex 6) were integrated and the major zoning proposals were integrated into a city-wide zoning map (Map 7. Proposed Zoning based on barangay cluster zoning workshops). The proposed zones were grouped into five marine and coastal management zones, with the other proposed zones subsumed as sub-zones. The different maps (Maps 1-6) were overlain to identify critical conflicting uses and considerations for each of the zones. The specific objectives of the proposed coastal and marine management zones were:

to identify biodiversity conservation areas to rehabilitate critical habitats and protect endangered species;

to designate priority use areas for the different major socio-economic activities in the coastal and marine areas of the City;

to identify specific resource use conflicts that need to be addressed

The location of different management zones and specific considerations for each zone is described below.

Biodiversity Conservation Zone

The biodiversity conservation zone will be comprised of mangrove rehabilitation areas, fish sanctuaries and endangered species (sea turtle, whale shark) conservation areas.

Mangrove Rehabilitation Areas

The proposed Mangrove Rehabilitation Areas are:

District I District II District III

Bucana Lasang Lizada

Matina Aplaya Bunawan Sirawan

Talomo Panacan


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Of these areas, Brgy. Lasang was the most frequently suggested Mangrove Rehabilitation Area because of the suitability of the area for rehabilitation and the barangay council and people's organization are actively involved in the protection and conservation of their mangrove areas. It was suggested that mangrove areas in Bunawan which is adjacent to Brgy. Lasang be part of the mangrove rehabilitation zone. Based on the resource assessment study, Brgys. Lasang and Bunawan have the most diverse and largest area of mangrove forest (Map 4) remaining in Davao City. In addition, as discussed below the waters off Lasang have been proposed for the establishment of a fish sanctuary as well as a whale shark conservation area. Moreover, the mouth of the Davao River and Lipadas River as well as the shoreline from Matina Aplaya down to Lizada is also potential areas for mangrove rehabilitation. Considerations: Based on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Davao City (1996-2021), Barangay Panacan and Bunawan are identified as part of the industrial zone. Barangay Lasang is adjacent to Barangay Bunawan. As seen in the coastal habitat map, the greatest area cover of mangrove, coral reefs and seagrass beds in the city waters are found in Lasang. This area has the highest potential ecological values. Further development of the industrial zone must be limited and environmental standards and regulations must be strictly enforced to conserve biodiversity of these critical coastal habitats as well as the fishery productivity in the area. The proposed mangrove rehabilitation areas from Matina Aplaya down to Lizada will complement and enhance the proposed recreation and tourism zone discussed below.

Fish Sanctuaries

The establishment of fish sanctuaries were suggested in a number of barangays to increase fishery productivity and/or prevent illegal fishing:


Lasang Lizada

Bunawan Daliao

Sasa

Dumoy

Agdao Centro


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Of these barangays, Agdao Centro passed a resolution to establish a fish sanctuary since 2000. Resource assessment surveys conducted in 2002 (IMA 2000) reported coral reef areas to be in relatively good condition. However, manta tow surveys conducted in 2005 indicate coral cover to be poor. In Lasang, a recent survey indicated that the coral reef area was fair and the adjacent extensive seagrass areas have been reported for sightings of whale sharks. Some also suggested declaring fish sanctuary at barangays Lasang, Bunawan, Sasa, Dumoy, Lizada and Daliao. Considerations Given that the condition of coral reefs within Davao City waters is generally poor, areas with fair to good condition, and with committed local management groups should be given priority in establishing fish sanctuaries. To increase recovery rates and local improvement of fishery productivity, protected areas should be at least 20 hectares (i.e. core no take and buffer sub zones). The location of the fish sanctuary in relation to other resource uses should also be considered to minimize resource use conflicts since fish sanctuaries are solely protection areas and no other uses are allowed. For example the Agdao Centro fish sanctuary is located adjacent to a heavily populated area. Thus consensus among stakeholders should be met prior to declaration of fish sanctuaries and other types of marine protected areas. After careful assessment of ecological, socio-cultural and socio-economic consideration to determine if a site is appropriate, a management plan must be formulated with the participation of the local community. This plan should include the identification of the management bodies, specific roles and responsibilities at the barangay and city level, and financing mechanisms to sustain management activities.

Endangered Species Conservation Areas

Critical habitats for marine turtles and whale sharks are found in Davao City waters. Protection of these areas and species within Davao City is imperative for the maintenance of viable populations of these species in the Gulf and the Celebes Sea area.


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Pawikan Reservation Areas

District I District II

Matina Aplaya Lasang

Bunawan

Almost all of the workshop groups suggested the establishment of Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya as Pawikan Reservation Area or Critical Habitat for Sea Turtle. The coastal communities were aware of the creation of "Task Force Pawikan Dabaw" upon the issuance of the City Mayor under the Executive Order No. 29, series of 2003, for the protection and conservation of the nesting grounds of marine turtles in Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya. They have also proposed to establish marine turtle reservation areas in Lasang, Bunawan,Tibungco and Ilang because of sightings of marine turtles in these areas. Whaleshark Reservation Area Sightings of whale sharks have been observed in the barangays of Lasang and Bunawan. In order to protect and conserve the endangered species, local communities have suggested to the declaration of the waters off these barangays as Whale Shark Reservation Areas. As mentioned earlier, the coastal areas in Lasang and Bunawan have the highest total areas of critical habitats. The productive coastal waters may serve as good feeding grounds for whale sharks. Both biodiversity conservation areas were also identified as ecotourism and research areas. Considerations Turtle nesting areas have been reported in Punta Dumalag and Lawis in Barangay Lizada. Thus, if conservation of endangered species will be pursued all other activities in and adjacent to this area should be regulated so that the nesting grounds and survivorship of hatchlings are given priority consideration. Research on how to conserve/rehabilitate the nesting areas (e.g. inundation of nesting beach) and optimize hatchling survivorship should be a component of the area management plan.


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Overall, Lasang and Matina Aplaya are the primary areas for biodiversity conservation because of the relative good condition of coastal habitats and the occurrence of endangered species. All other uses should be regulated strictly particularly activities that degrade coastal water quality. With proper management, these protected areas may become the City’s ecotourism attractions. City level efforts should be integrated with the Davao Gulf wide biodiversity conservation activities (e.g. biodiversity conservation IEC training and campaign conducted by WWF) to ensure long-term positive impacts.

Fishery Management Zones

The city waters cover an area of 19,827 hectares, about 10 % of the total area of Davao Gulf which is a major fishing area in the Celebes Sea region. Fishing activities in the city waters are intensive as seen in Map 1. The most productive fishing grounds within city waters identified during the community consultation are indicated in the proposed zoning map for reference in Map 7. Many fishermen from Davao also regularly fish around the islands of Samal.

Capture Fisheries/Fishing Areas

It was proposed that the use of any form of fishnets one half kilometer from the shoreline along the entire coastline of Davao City be prohibited, and this area be reserved exclusively for small scale fishermen using hook and line. In the case of Davao River, it was suggested that two (2) km. from the mouth of the river be reserved exclusively for hook and line fishermen, and gill nets be allowed only beyond 2 kms. These were suggested to facilitate monitoring of the illegal fishers and prevent further degradation of coastal habitats, and improve the catch of small fishers. No commercial special fishing permits can be issued given that the city’s municipal waters do not extend beyond 10 kms. from shore. Considerations Providing preferential use rights to small fishermen is provided for by RA 8550. This proposed fishery reserves should exclude the proposed biodiversity protection areas and mariculture areas discussed below. These fishery reserves are doable with full cooperation from the coastal barangays particularly in implementing the fishery registration and licensing alongside strict enforcement of fishery regulations. This could be a form of incentive for small fishermen in the City. The near shore waters are the most impacted by different types of pollution. Mitigation measures to improve water quality will contribute in improving fisheries productivity together with the effect of limiting fishing effort in the reserve areas.


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Agreements on municipal water boundaries with adjacent municipalities should be finalized. Likewise inter-LGU agreements on fisheries management and enforcement (e.g. complementation or reciprocity agreements on fishing permits) should be explored particularly with Island Garden City of Samal which is a common fishing area of fishermen from Davao.

Aquaculture

The marine aquaculture activities, particularly seaweed farming within Davao waters is rapidly expanding. Mariculture activities were commonly proposed as a means to provide alternative sources of livelihood to coastal communities.


Matina Aplaya Lasang Lizada

Talomo Bunawan Daliao

Tibungco

Ilang

Panacan

Sasa

Leon Garcia Barangay Tibungco was frequently identified as a priority area for seaweeds farming because it has been found to be suitable for seaweed farming, being far from freshwater river discharges. Majority of the existing seaweed farms are located in this area (Map 2). Seaweed farming activities are also expanding to adjacent coastal barangays, Bunawan, Ilang, Panacan and Sasa. Designation of seaweed farms in barangays Dumoy, Lizada and Daliao and shellfish culture in barangays Matina Aplaya and Talomo. Significant expansion of fish cage culture will also require designation of specific areas. Considerations Expansion of the seaweed areas towards Sasa where most of the private ports are located should not be allowed. Likewise, expansion of seaweed farms within the proposed areas should be rationalized with respect to boat navigation lanes or passages. Moreover, the seaweed farms are situated within 1 km from shore and will have to be harmonized with the proposed fishery reserve for small fishers using hook and like. Seaweed farms being fixed structures will effectively exclude all other water uses including fishing. A permit system including subzoning of the seaweed farm areas specifying sizes of lots, distances between lots, the requirements and responsibilities of licensed seaweed farmers should be immediately formulated.


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Similar considerations are true for fish cage culture. However, in addition to these concerns, the density of fish cages in designated areas should be regulated to minimize organic pollution due to feed inputs. In the case of shellfish culture, source of spats or seed should be certified to be from non- red tide affected areas. Pollution from brackish culture ponds should be mitigated and compliance to environmental standards strictly enforced particularly in the Lasang and Bunawan area which are adjacent to high priority biodiversity conservation and fishing areas. Abandoned fishponds maybe reverted into mangrove areas which can be part of the mangrove rehabilitation program.

Coastal Settlements

No specific areas have been proposed for coastal settlements. A clearly identified recommendation is allocation of an area for settlement purposes and relocation of existing coastal settlements. However, the City’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan indicates that settlement areas along the coasts shall be from Lasang to Panacan, Barangay 27-C to Matina, and Talomo Proper to Dumoy. At present, coastal settlements are concentrated in Bunawan, Bucana, Talomo Proper, Sasa and Pampanga. Considerations Coastal Settlement Zone Management Program should consider several major issues. First, the City’s CLUP major designated areas for settlements (from Lasang to Panacan, Barangay 27-C to 31-D, and Bucana to Dumoy) against designated areas for medium and heavy industrial district (from Lasang to Panacan) need careful examination. This also applies to allocated areas for light industries from Panacan to Ilang. Along this line, it should be noted that there are also several private ports in Barangay Ilang. Thus, management of these designated areas should prioritize ensuring that industrial and ship operations do not affect the environmental condition of the designated settlement areas. Thus, there is a need for a buffer zone that will clearly identify boundaries and allowable spaces for these two major areas – settlements and industrial zones. Giving premium to public health, measures mitigating wastewater, solid wastes and air pollution should be a major strategy in the management of the coastal settlement zones. Also, concentration of coastal settlements in Sasa and Pampanga which have been designated as industrial zone should be a primary consideration in the settlement relocation programs of the City. The presence of the City’s major seaport and intense use of the waters in these areas by shipping vessels highlight the need for immediate relocation programs.


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Marine Transport and Coastal Industrial Zone

The marine transport sector supports ancillary fishery related industries as well as a diversity of industries in the City. Specific proposals for this zone are related to infrastructure development and mitigation of pollution generated by these coastal industries.

Ports/Fish Landing Development Areas

District I District II

27-C Sasa

Pampanga

Hizon Sr.

Lapu-lapu

Agdao Centro

Gov. Duterte

Leon Garcia Additional development areas for ports and fish landings were proposed in barangays Sasa, Pampanga, Hizon Sr., Lapu-lapu, Agdao Centro, Gov. Duterte, Leon Garcia and 27-C. Most of the existing private ports and wharfs are already located here (refer to ports and wharfs map). Considerations Concentration of additional development activities in Sasa and Pampanga supports the recommended Industrial Zone area. On the other hand, the proposal for port and fish landing development in Agdao Centro may result in negative impacts on the proposed fish sanctuary in this area. It should also be considered that the other areas being proposed for additional port and fish landing activities are north of the suggested Recreation and Tourism Zone. The probability of shipping and port activities leading to water pollution is relatively high. Stricter ship and port waste management should also be implemented to prevent water pollution. Navigation safety measures (e.g. buffer zones to clearly identify shipping routes) for fishing, passenger boat and commercial shipping operations should be given priority in coordination with the national agencies to avoid marine accidents and ensure public safety.


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Coastal Industries

The barangay validation workshop group outputs have suggested to identify Barangays Ilang, Panacan, Sasa, Pampanga and Hizon Sr. as industrial zone because the existing industries were presently situated here (refer to industrial map). They have also proposed that there will be no construction of establishments/industries without Foreshore Lease Agreements, and that construction of new establishments will be concentrated in barangays Ilang, Panacan and Sasa. Considerations A major aspect that should be considered in relation to the proposed Industrial Zone areas is directly related with coastal settlements as discussed above. However, it should be brought to the fore that the proposed concentration of new establishments in Ilang, Panacan and Sasa is expected to be economically beneficial to the City’s trading activities due to the presence of Sasa Port and majority of the private ports in Ilang. It should be noted that the City Zoning Map shows that there are rivers within the designated industrial zones. Set environmental standards should prevent industrial wastes from being dumped into these rivers whose waters are connected with the City’s waters. To reiterate, the City should develop and implement environmental standards that will mitigate effects of industrial and shipping operations within the said area.

Recreation and Tourism Zones

Based on the results of workshop groups, it was observed that recreation and tourism areas were commonly suggested and to be located at the southern part of Davao City (Map 5) and some isolated cases in the north portion, namely:


Matina Aplaya Panacan Daliao

Talomo Agdao Centro Lizada

Bago Aplaya Gov. Duterte Sirawan

Dumoy Binugao


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Barangays Daliao, Talomo, Bago Aplaya and Dumoy were frequently suggested as recreation areas, followed by barangays Matina Aplaya, Lizada, Sirawan and Binugao, because sandy beaches were found in these barangays and these areas are far from the heavy coastal industrial areas in the city. Times Beach, a portion of barangay Matina Aplaya, adjacent to barangay Bucana, was declared as a recreation center under the Presidential Proclamation No. 20, issued on May 3, 1954 by Pres. Ramon Magsaysay. In addition, the sandy public beaches in Gov. Duterte and Agdao Centro are local recreation areas. Considerations The Times Beach area has been declared as a reservation for recreation purposes. If Presidential Proclamation No. 20 will be strictly implemented, this would mean that no industrial activities should be allowed in the area. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City (1996-2021) allocates land areas in Binugao, Sirawan and Panacan as light industrial zones (for non-pollutive/non-hazardous and non-pollutive/hazardous activities). Furthermore, industrial areas for pollutive/non-hazardous and pollutive hazardous are also planned to be located at coastal barangays of Binugao, Sirawan and Lizada for food based industries. It should be noted that EMB’s Water Quality Monitoring Report in 2004 concludes that station 7, Guinoo-o Beach Resort, is unsuitable for recreation purposes. Panacan, on the other hand, has also been designated for light manufacturing industries. In addition to this, there are already existing private ports along the coast of this barangay. Given these, the City has to develop and implement safety measures to ensure that operations and facilities of these industries comply with prescribed environmental standards. The Davao City Fish Port Complex in Daliao, is adjacent to other proposed Recreation and Tourism areas. Since the Port serves as the City’s center for collection, storage and packaging of fishery and marine products for local and export distribution, incidence of water pollution from oil spills and solid wastes from shipping vessels should be regularly monitored. Notably, EMB’s Water Quality Monitoring Report in 2004 indicates that station 1, Kalayaan Beach Resort in Daliao, is also unfit for bathing and/or contact recreation due to high presence of coliform. The same is expected in Talomo where the high concentration of coastal settlements and attendant pollution from domestic wastes is not compatible with recreation values.


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For all areas, the major trade off in recreation and tourism potential is that the city’s coastal waters are not suitable for swimming. An unhealthy environment is radically incompatible with recreation/aesthetic values. Until measures are undertaken to mitigate coastal water pollution to improve water condition, disclosure and dissemination of information that may affect public health (e.g. advisory on unsuitability of coastal waters for swimming) should be given high priority. The consequence of this will be a negative impact on coastal tourist establishment (i.e. beach resorts and restaurants). The condition of coastal waters is ironic given that Davao claims to have the “best water in the world”. The City should invest in seriously addressing coastal pollution. Regular water quality monitoring and SWM is imperative.

Davao City Coastal Zone Management Situation and Recommendations ANNEX

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Annex 1. Establishments/Individuals in Davao City with FLCs as of December 2004.

Barangay Establishments/Individuals

Agdao Proper Lourdes Aportadera Mindanao Land Foundation Willie tan

Ilang Bacnotan Consolidated Industries, Inc. Davao Union Cement Corporation TEFASCO Mindanao Terminal and Brokerage Services

Matina Aplaya Claudio Estrera, Sr. Davao Light and Power Corporation Elizabeth Dureza Nicolas Santos

Panacan Victor Jayson Compania Maritima L.S. Sarmiento Vicbros Group, Inc.

Sasa Davao Insular Hotel Co., Inc. Getty Oil (Phil.) Inc. Legaspi Oil Company Mobil Oil Phil., Inc. Compania Maritima Petron Corporation Shell Phil., Inc.

Talomo Proper Felix Victorio Ligaya Victorio

Tibungco Davao Fruits Corporation Gregorio Teo Hudson Sawmill, Inc.

Source: DENR XI-Lands Management Sector


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Annex 2. Establishments in coastal barangays of Davao City with ECCs as of December 2005.

Barangay Industries

Agdao Proper ACY Lumber and Construction Supply Algon Engineering Construction Corp. Blanted Trees Lumber Yard Digital Telecommunications Phils. Forever Richsons Trading Corp. Makiling Technology Marcotech Enterprises WH Petron Service Station

Bago Aplaya Davao Sunshine Plastic, Inc. Digitel Mobile Phils., Inc. El Compania de Julio, Inc. Globe Telecom, Inc. Southern Plastics

Binugao Agri-Davao, Inc. AMCO Foods Corp. Eco-Exotic Lumber Jem Enterprises JEWM Agro-Industrial Corp. Marko Wood Products Tri-Star Plastic, Inc. Vicente Guinoo III

Bunawan Proper Bunawan Wood Treatment Services and Sales Cecilia Stock Farm 2 Chaverson Wood Industry Davao International Mega Gas Corporation Digitel Mobile Phils., Inc. Globe Telecom,. Inc. Greenwoods Treatment Plant Mindanao Fibertech Board Corp. Petronas Energy Phils., Inc. Pilners Plastic Products P.O.P.I. Manufacturing Corp. Steniel Mindanao Packaging Corporation Tagum Mining and Development Corp. Tropical Synergy Industries

Daliao Claudio C. Donal Farm Davao Fishport Complex* Globe Telecom, Inc. Mabini Industrial Tree Plantation Pacific Oil Farmers, Inc.* Polar Bear Freezer and Storage Corp. San Manuel Wood Products, Inc.*

Dumoy Julu Enterprises, Inc. Julu Cornstarch Corp. Price Gases, Inc. Smart Communications, Inc. TWA Incorporated


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Barangay Industries

Ilang Davao Rotrade Corp Globe Telecom, Inc. HOLCIM Phils., Inc. Joseph Bosque Antoque National Power Corporation

Lasang Caraga Filching Corp. F.A. Oil and Soap Maker Hi-Provite Industry, Inc. Metro Lead Product Corp.

Lizada Globe Telecom, Inc. Lizada Box Factory Stanrico Martsons Food Corp. Nopa Foods Corp. Philippine Fruit International, Corp. Standard Rice and Corn Mill Vicon Flyng V Gasoline Station

Matina Aplaya Digital Telecommunications Phils. Globe Telecom, Inc.

Pampanga Davao Morin I/E Trading Corp. Denso Plastic, Inc. GCF Tropical Nature Food Corp. Southern Philippines Coco Charcoal Briquettes Plant Western Feedmill Corp.

Panacan Caltex Filling/Service Station 8 Horses Clatex Station Consolidated Plywood Industries, Inc. Davao Panels Enterprises, Inc. Digitel Mobile Phils., Inc. Farma Plastic Product, Inc. Fil-Nihon Kanyou Plantation, Inc. Globe Telecom, Inc. Greenvale Enterprises Macondray Plastics, Inc. Mindanao Coco Development Corporation Nakashin Davao International, Inc. New Davao Oil Mill, Inc. Panacan Lumber Company (mini-sawmill) Petron Corporation, Inc. Philippine Lauan Industries Corp. Southern Industrial Gases Phils., Inc. Vicente Lao Construction

Sasa Asia Pacific Oil Mfg. Corp. Caltex Phils., Inc. Davao Mill Complex Digital Telecommunications Phils. First Oriental Packaging, Inc. Geom Wood Products and Iron Works Globe Telecom, Inc.*


iv

Barangay Industries

International Copra Export Corp. Petron Corporation Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. Southern Agro-Export Corp. Syngent A Philippines, Inc.

Sirawan Davao Cresta Farm, Inc. Davao Susana Farms 2 Judith Agri-Farm Corp. San Miguel Foods Corp. Smart Communications, Inc.

Tibungco Chemwood, Inc.* Davao Enterprises Corp. De Luxe Sawmill, Inc. DFC Agro Plastics Corp. Falwan Furnitures and Lumber Dealer Globe Telecom, Inc. GT Processing Ibayaw Enterprises (Banana Mill) MC Builders New Olayta Enterprises New Petron Service Station Quatrolube Phils.

*CNC Issued


v

Annex 3. Beach resorts and Recreation Establishments in the Coastal Barangays of Davao City

Coastal Barangays Beach Resorts

Bago Aplaya Gulf View Beach Resort Jones Beach Resort Co. Lu Beach Resort Mergrande Ocean Resort Mervilla Beach Resort Paraiso Beach Resort Shimric Beach Farm and Resort Villa Victoria Beach Resort

Binugao Villa Villasin Beach Resort Ayala High Ponds Guinoo Beach Resort Maeda Beach Resort Abear Beach Resort

Bucana Silvosa Beach Resort Times Beach

Bunawan Maddie Beach Resort

Daliao Public Beach (not identified) Reyes Beach Resort Fernandez Beach Resort Kalayaan Beach Resort Noriega Beach Resort Redondo Beach Resort Vales Beach Resort Complex Villanueva Beach Resort

Dumoy Tanawan Beach Resort Mer Grande Beach Resort Paraiso Beach Resort Water World Beach Resort Maervillas Beach Resort Dumoy Garden Beach Resort Vales Beach Resort Redondo Calulot Beach Resort (Villanueva Beach) Ocean View Beach Resort Badak Beach Resort

Governor Vicente Duterte Ipil Beach Resort

Lasang Paraiso Beach Resort

Lizada Martson Food, Inc. (seaweed processing)

Matina Aplaya AJ Beach Resort Angels Hide Away Beach Resort Bonguyan Beach Resort Caro Beach Resort City Gulf Beach Resort Cloud Eagle Beach Resort Davao Seagull Resorts Development, Inc.


vi

Coastal Barangays Beach Resorts

Estrera Beach Resort Felis Resort Complex Garcia Beach Resort Habagat Grills Kanaway Beach Resort & Sea Food Restaurant Liberty Beach Resort Liosa Food Corporation Lope Beach Resort Marina Azul Resort Hotel, Inc. Monteza Beach Resort Moreno Beach Resort Queensland Seagull Beach Resort Tropical Times Beach Park Twin-H Beach Resort Valdez Beach Resort

Pampanga Beach Club Beachside Resort Coaco Beach Resort Dagat Diri Beach Resort Dagat Fiesta Resort Davao Beach Club, Inc. Helen Espina Beach Resort Hizon Beachside Resort Maryknoll Beach Resort Reyes Beach Resort Waterfront Insular Hotel

Talomo Proper Amie’s Beach Resort Lagpan Beach Resort La Rous Beach Resort Jones Beach Resort Shimrick Beach Resort Talomo Beach Resort Victorious Beach Resort

27-C Magsaysay Park Source: CPDO, 2005


vii

Annex 4. Tally of issues and recommendations in relation to the current major marine and coastal uses raised during the barangay cluster consultation and zoning workshops. BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Settlements

Issues Improper solid waste management 3 4 5 2 3 5 7 29 Illegal settlements 5 3 5 2 1 4 3 23 Wastewater 1 2 1 1 5 Resource use conflict between settlements and beach resorts

2 1 1 1 5

Human wastes 2 2 Resource use conflict between settlements and seaweed production

1 1

Resource use conflict between settlements and fishing activities

1 1

Resource use conflict between settlements and mangrove areas

1 1

Recommendations Relocation of coastal settlers 2 3 4 1 3 4 1 18 Strict implementation of SWM 3 5 4 1 1 1 15 IEC on SWM 2 1 1 4 Inter-Barangay collaboration on SWM 1 1 2 Installation of sewerage facilities 1 1 2 Proper coordination with the City Government on resettlement and advocacy program

1 1 2

Tourism and Recreation BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Issues Resource use conflict between beach resorts and settlements

2 1 1 1 5

Resource use conflict between resorts and industries

1 1 2

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and dock sites

1 1 2

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and oil depots

1 1

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and fish cages

1 1

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and seaweed production

1 1

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and public use of shorelines

1 1

Construction of fences by beach resort owners

1 1


viii

BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total Expired Foreshore Lease Agreement 1 1 2 4

Recommendations Strict implementation of SWM 5 4 1 1 1 12 Zoning of area for tourism/recreation 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 11 Construction of baywalk for recreational purposes

1 3 4

Strict implementation of policy against dumping of industrial wastes in the sea

2 2

Installation of sewerage facilities 1 1 2 Resort owners should come-up with "Basura Patrol" for the collection of garbage

1 1

Zoning of area for eco-tourism 1 1 Marine Transportation BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Issues Oil spills 3 1 1 1 6 Resource use conflict between aquaculture production and navigation

2 1 3

Resource use conflict between MPA establishment and navigational use

1 1 2

Resource use conflict between seaweed production and wharf uses

2 2

Resource use conflict between beach resorts and dock sites

1 1 2

Resource use conflict between navigation and fishing

1 1 2

Recommendations Zoning of area for navigation 1 3 2 1 7 Strict implementation of policy against dumping of industrial wastes in the sea

2 2

Impose penalties on parties responsible for oil spillage

2 2

Improve water quality and check water treatment facilities

1 1 2

Installation of sewerage facilities 1 1 2 Zoning of area for fish landing 2 2 Establishment of barangay fish landing 1 1 2 Zoning of area for ports 1 1 2 Industries BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Issues Improper discharge of industrial wastes 2 2 3 7 Oil spills 3 1 1 1 6 Wastewater 1 2 1 1 5


ix

BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total Resource use conflict between industrial/commercial activities and livelihood activities

1 2 1 4

Resource use conflict between resorts and industries

1 1

Resource use conflict between industries and MPAs

1 1

Illegal industrial establishments along the shoreline

1 1

Recommendations Strict implementation of SWM 5 4 1 1 1 12 Zoning of area for industrial zone 1 1 2 Strict implementation of policy against dumping of industrial wastes in the sea

2 2

Impose penalties on parties responsible for oil spillage

2 2

Improve water quality and check water treatment facilities

1 1 2

Installation of sewerage facilities 1 1 2 Establishment of barangay fish landing 1 1 2 No additional industrial structures/commercial establishments

1 1

Biodiversity Conservation BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Issues Cutting of mangroves 2 2 1 5 Siltation due to tree cutting 1 1 2 Resource use conflict between MPA establishment and navigational use

1 1 2

Resistance to the establishment of fish sanctuary since this might result in fish catch

1 1 2

Resource use conflict between fishing and coral reef preservation

1 1

Resource use conflict between seaweed production and fish sanctuary

1 1

Resource use conflict between settlements and mangrove areas

1 1

Resource use conflict between industries and MPAs

1 1

Resistance of home owners to establishment of mangrove plantation

1 1

Habitat management 1 1 Management of the proposed fish sanctuary 1 1

Recommendations Zoning of area for MPAs 2 1 2 1 3 5 7 21


x

BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total Strengthen mangrove planting activities 1 3 1 5 Zoning of area for mangrove plantation 1 2 3 Organization of Bantay-Dagat 2 1 3 Establishment of whale shark reservation area 2 2 Regular monthly Coastal Clean-Up 2 2 Habitat conservation 1 1 Establishment of fish sanctuary 1 1 Construction of watch towers 1 1 Provision of livelihood and/or honorarium for the volunteers

1 1

Obliging coastal settlers to plant and protect mangroves

1 1

Establishment of pawikan reservation area 1 1 Establishment of mangrove sanctuary 1 1 Budget allocation for habitat protection 1 1

Fisheries BC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Total

Issues Illegal fishing 6 7 6 1 7 3 5 35 Encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in the municipal waters

1 1

No definite fish landings 1 1 Weak support from PNP 1

Recommendations Zoning of area for fishing 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 12 Strict implementation of Fishery Code 2 1 2 1 2 8 Initiation of potential livelihood activities 1 2 1 1 5 Strict law enforcement 2 2 4 Zoning of area for aquaculture production 1 2 1 4 Provision of livelihood and/or honorarium for the volunteers

1 1 2

Zoning of area for fish landing 2 2 Establishment of barangay fish landing 1 1 2 Construction of fish cages 1 1 Construction of watch towers 1 1 Establishment of fish sanctuary 1 1 Organization of FLET 1 1 Budget allocation for Bantay-Dagat 1 1 BC: Barangay Council Validation


xi

Annex 5. Relative Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts of Coastal and Marine Resource Uses/Major Activities (i.e. land-based and sea-based)

Uses Environmental Impacts Socio-Economic Impacts

LAND-BASED

Settlements (-) Decreased water quality Dumping of solid wastes Wastewater due to lack of sewerage and sanitation facilities

(+) Provision of shelters for landless (-) Adverse effects on public health:

prevalence of water-borne and respiratory diseases

Private beach resorts (-) Decreased water quality Dumping of solid wastes

(-) Limited access to recreation by the public

(+) Local economic development Additional revenues for the City Government through taxes

Increased local employment Industries (characterized as heavy, e.g. oil depots)

(-) Decreased water quality Improper discharge of industrial wastes

(+) Local economic development Additional revenues for the City Government through taxes

Increased investments Increased local employment

Marine Transportation Wharfs and ports

Docking area for small ports

(-) Decreased water quality

Oil spills Wastewater

(-) Decrease water quality

Oil spills

(+) Local economic development

Increased trading activities Increased local employment Increased tourist arrivals Increased investments

(-) Obstruction along shoreline (+) Available livelihood support

Public access and use of shoreline

Recreation (swimming)

(-) Decrease water quality Improper solid waste management

(+) Increased recreational value

Habitat and species protection

Mangrove rehabilitation

Turtle nesting area

(+) Biodiversity conservation (-) Exclusion of other uses which have higher revenue-generation potential for the City Government and the public

Inland aquaculture Fish ponds

(-) Decreased water quality Chemical/pesticide discharge

(-) Destruction of mangrove areas Conversion of mangrove areas into fishponds

(+) Increased source of income Increased aquaculture production Additional revenues for the City Government through taxes

Increased local employment/livelihood opportunities

Upland/agriculture Banana plantations

(-) Decreased water quality Chemical/pesticide/fertilizer discharge

(+) Increased agriculture production (+) Increased local employment/livelihood

opportunities


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Uses Environmental Impacts Socio-Economic Impacts

SEA-BASED

Habitat and species protection

Fish sanctuaries Whale shark and

turtle sighting areas

(+) Biodiversity conservation Increased fishery stocks

(-) Exclusion of other uses which have higher revenue-generation potential for the City Government and the public

(+) Additional tourism potential

Navigation (-) Decreased water quality Oil spills Wastewater

(+) Local economic development Increased trading activities Increased local employment Increased tourist arrivals Increased investments

(-) Destruction of aquaculture structures

Fishing Municipal Fishing

Commercial and foreign fishing

(-) Reduced fish stocks (if unregulated) (-) Reduced fish stocks

(+) Source of food (+) Source of income (-) Obstruction to navigation ( fixed gears) (-) Reduced income of municipal fishers

Marine aquaculture Seaweed farming

Fish cages

(+) Protection of benthos (-) Decreased water quality

Discard of seaweed farming materials like nylon, ropes, ties, plastics and Styrofoam

(-) Decreased water quality Organic pollution

(+) Increased local employment (+) Increased local employment


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Annex 6. Summary of proposed zones and locations during the barangay council validation and 6 barangay cluster (c1-c6) consultation and zoning workshops. Composition of workshop clusters, date, venue and number of participants are summarized in Table 1, Introduction Chapter.

Proposed Zone Bgy. Council Validation

No C1 No C2 No C3 No C4 No C5 No C6 No

Settlement Zone Settlements No specified area 1 No specified area 1

Tourism and Recreation Zone

Seagull to Daliao Toril

1 Matina Aplaya, Toril

1 Binugao & Sirawan

1 Recreational zone Bago Aplaya to Lizada

1

Panacan 1 Duterte & Centro 1

Matina Aplaya to Talomo

1

Lizada & Daliao

1

Bucana 1 Baywalk Hizon Sr. 1 No specified area 1

Improve of regulation of recreational zone

Pampanga 1

Beach Talomo to Binugao

1

Eco-tourism Agdao Centro 1 Punta Dumalag 1 Industrial Zone Industrial zone Sasa to Ilang 1 Ilang to

Hizon 1 Ilang to

Pampanga 1

No additional indusrial structures/commercial establishments

Panacan to Agdao Centro

1

Cease regulation of industrial zonal system

Pampanga 1


xiv



Non-construction of establishments without FLAs

No specified area 1

Barangay development site

Agdao Centro 1

Port Zone Validation of wharf structures without FLA

No specified area 1

Docking zone Daliao 1 Port Sasa to 27C 1 Fishport No specified area 1

Fish landing Panacan 1 No specified area 1

Trade and Navigation Zone

No specified area 1

Navigational lane Between Samal & Davao

1 Between Davao & Samal

1 No specified area 2 Between Davao & Samal

2 Between Davao & Samal, from Daliao to Dvo Gulf

1

Marine Protection Zone

Mangrove rehabilitation zone

Matina Aplaya to Bucana

1 All coastal brgys. 2 Panacan 1 No specified area

1 Matina Aplaya & Talomo, Sirawan & Lizada

1

Davao City Coastal Zo nagement Situation and Recommendations ANNEX

xv

ne Ma



Marine sanctuary Bunawan and Lasang

1 Sasa and Agdao Centro

1 Agdao Centro

1

Lizada, Daliao, Dumoy

1

Pawikan reservation area

Matina Aplaya to Bucana

1 Ilang, Tibungco, Bunawan and Lasang

1 Matina Aplaya 1 Matina Aplaya

1

Whale shark reservation area

Bunawan and Lasang

1

Marine Protected Area

Lizada 1 Lasang & Matina Aplaya

1 Tibungco to Lasang

1 Lasang, Punta Dumalag, Leon Garcia

1 Fish sanctuary, coral reefs, seawweds, mangrove

1 Matina Aplaya 2 Sirawan 1

Matina Aplaya 1 Matina Aplaya to

Dumoy 1

Lizada 1

Coastal habitat No specified area 1

Coral rehabilitation No specified area

1

Fishing Zone

Fishing zone Bucana to Binugao

1 Panacan to Buanwan

1 Leon Garcia to Ilang

1 500 meters from the shoreline

1 Bucana to Binugao

1

Matina Aplaya to Binugao

1 Lasang to Tibungco, Matina Aplaya to Binugao, Bucana to 27-C

1 No specified area 1


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Hook and line 2 kms from lapyahan-Bucana

1

Gillnet no net fishing 1/2 km from shoreline-all coastal brgys.

1 3 kms from lapyahan-Bucana

1

Aquaculture Zone

Aquaculture Binugao 1 Tibungco to Sasa 1 Lasang, Bunawan, Tibungco

1 Talomo & Matina Aplaya

1

Leon Garcia 2

Seaweed production zone

Tibungco 1 Panacan & Sasa 1 Lizada & Daliao

1

Others

Multiple-use zone Duterte, Leon Garcia

1 Ilang to Hizon Sr. & Leon Garcia to Bucana

1

Multiple-use zone (residential, commercial, recreational)

Hizon Sr. 1 Duterte to 31D 1

Seawall 21, 22, 23, 31 1


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Coastal road Poblacion Areas 1

Bantay Dagat Outpost

Pampanga & Lapu-lapu

1 Lizada & Bucana

1

Research Matina Aplaya 1

Mangrove Expansion Area

Bucana 1

Annex 7. List of Major Coastal Industries and type of waste generated

Nature of Business Companies Barangay Specific Activities Types of Waste Generated

Daily Bread Bago Aplaya Food processing Wastewater, food waste

Davao Sunstar Corporation Panacan Snack food manufacturing Solid waste, plastic

Davao Agromarine Inc* Sasa Tuna processing

Eagle Muli-Purpose Cooperative Bago Aplaya Bihon processing Wastewater, food waste

Earth Grains Inc Buhangin Bread making Food waste

First Westlake Food Inc Panacan Bihon Food waste

Interco Sasa Manufacturer of edible oil Used oil, coco meat, wastewater

Legaspi Sasa Manufacturer of edible oil Used oil, coco meat, wastewater

Magnolia Dressing Plant Sirawan Chicken processing Food waste, wastewater

Mindanao Oil Company Panacan Edible oil Coco meat, wastewater

MLD Foodlines Talomo Food products Wastewater

Pepsi Dumoy Soft drink processing Solid waste, wastewater

Phil Fruits Processing Lizada Fruit processing (puree) Liquid, solid

Philixson Int’l Inc. Bago Aplaya Banana chips Agricultural waste, wastewater

Wilfredo S. Cal Bunawan Production of agri-banana Agricultural waste

Vicon Ice Plant Daliao Ice processing Wastewater

Food Processing

UFC Dumoy Ketchup Cullets, plastics, wastewater

Copra Mindanao Coconut Dev’l Corp Panacan Copra Coco meat, wastewater

DANS PENTA Gen. Services Sasa Slicing of cartons Carton trimmings

Cartons Steneil Mindanao Packing Corp Bunawan Corrugated cartons Miscuts, trims, wastewater


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xiv


Mincor Sasa Corrugated cartons Ink/glue sludge, wastewater

MINDOACO Tibungco Acetylene Oxygen Carbide

Reynaldo Sadava Daliao Chemical Plants Waste water

Southern Industrial Gases Panacan Acetylene Carbide

Davao Oxygen Corp Panacan Oxygen Plants Lime sludge

Chemical

Phil. Nihon Kanyon Panacan Granulated carbon Fine charcoal, fly ash

Union Cement Corp Ilang Lime stone Dust

U-mix concrete Tibungco Rock crusher Wastewater, noise, dust

Pontalinao Agro-Industrial Bunawan Limestone Pulverized limestone, wastewater

Cement / Hollow Blocks

Darwin Concrete Mix Corp Panacan Ready mix concrete Wastewater, plastic, paper bag

Caraga Filchin Lasang Wood treatment plant Wood trims, sawdust

Chen Woods Tibungco Wood treatment plant Wood trims, waste water

CPII Panacan Lumber Sawdust

Davao Fancy Panels Ent. Inc. Panacan Plywood Wood chips

Davao Panel Industries Panacan Plyboard manufacturing Sawdust, trimmings, miscuts

Davencor Tibungco Lumber Sawdust

Deluxe Sawmill Tibungco Lumber Sawdust

Earnsun Plywood* Panacan Plywood

Greenvale Mini Sawmill Panacan Lumber Sawdust

Mindanao Fiber Tech Board Bunawan Lawanit Wood trimming, waste waster

Wood Mongcal, Coco lumber Matina Coco lumber Sawdust, miscut


xv


Panacan Lumber Sawmill Panacan Lumber Sawdust, trimmings, miscut

RJ Coco Lumber Matina Coco lumber Sawdust, miscut

RJL Wood & Iron Works Panacan Furniture Sawdust, trimmings, miscut

Rolex Corp Lasang Lawanit Wood trimmings, waste water

Triple “A” Matina Coco lumber Sawdust, miscut

Construction O.G. Santos Construction Buhangin Construction Empty can / scrap

URC Sasa Feedmill Dust, feeds, empty bags

Vitarich Panacan Feedmill Dust, feeds

Standard Rice Corn Mill Lizada Ricemill Rice hulls

Industrial Carbon Technology Panacan Charcoal Carbon ash

Phil. Japan Active Carbon Panacan Charcoal Carbon ash

Davao Central Chemical Corp Panacan Foam, charcoal Carbon ash

Charcoal

Southern Phil Coco Charcoal** Pampanga brickets Carbon ash

Bacnotan Steel Corporation Ilang Fabrication Metal, scrap iron

Kobe Metal Craft Lasang Metal Craft Aluminum waste, dust

RJS Tibungco Fabrication Metal dust

Metro Lead Product Lasang Water sinker Battery casing, plates, waste water

Tagum Mining Development* Bunawan Processing of gold

Metal / Fabrication / Steel

DN Steel Corporation Panacan Roll forming G.I. sheets, trimmings

Albino Plastic Mfg Lasang Plastic pellets Wastewater, plastics

Davao Dynamic Industries Pampanga Plastic containers HDPE, LDPE, PP, wastewater, plastics


xvi


Duratex Industrial Corp Panacan Foam, furniture Scrap iron, foam trimmings

Isip Plastic Tray Factory Matina Aplaya Plastic tray factory Scrap iron

Macondry Pastic Panacan Packaging plastic Plastic, butt rolls

MFR / Davao Ever Win Panacan kitchenwares Plastic, miscuts

Minplas Panacan Housewares Plastic, miscuts

Tamaraw Plastic Twines Corp Lasang Plastic twine Plastics, wastewater

Ultimate Plastic, Co. Bunawan Plastic pellets Plastics, wastewater

Plastics

Songfa Plastic Marketing Panacan Pellets (making) Plastics, wastewater

Fiberglass Sikra Engineering Services Matina Fiberglass product Fiber glass debris

Bandag Tire Recapping Panacan Tire recapping Rubber trimmings, tins

Electro Buhangin Tire recapping Rubber chips, tins

Rubber

Pico Bonding Shop Lasang Bonding Rubber trimmings

Caltex Sasa Depot

Filipinas Shell Sasa Retailing of fuel

Flying V Sasa Fuel retailing Plastic containers

JEND Ventures Lasang Oil refinery Used oil, wastewater

Petron Sasa Depot

Oil

Petronas Energy (Phil) Inc. Bunawan Liquefied Petroleum (LPG)

Davao Toplas Corp Centro Agdao Sack making Plastics, wastewater

Julu Cornstarch Corp. Dumoy Cornstarch production Wastewater

Others Mindanao Waste Recycling Sasa Recycling industry Crushed sacks, wastewater


xvii


Mylene Soap Processing Bago Aplaya Soap processing Fly ash, emission of fumes

RDL Buhangin Lotion, astringent Wastewater

Regwill Ind Inc. Ilang Repacking Oil, lubricants

Taroja Backyard Pig Pen* Bago Aplaya Pig fattening Manure, wastewater Source: CENRO, 2006

Davao City Coastal Zone Managem ons ANNEX

xviii

ent Situation and Recommendati

Annex 8. Summary of Davao City’s Coastal Zone Issues and Recommendations for Specific LGU offices

Coastal Zone Issues Recommendations Responsible LGU Office/s

Coastal Settlements 1) Improper solid waste and wastewater management resulting from

Lack of SWM activities and necessary supporting policies

Lack of sewerage and sanitation facilities

2) Negative impacts of improper solid waste and wastewater management to public health

3) Negative impacts of water pollution to tourism and recreation facilities

4) Destruction of mangrove areas due to expansion of settlements

Designation of coastal settlement and/or relocation areas

Passage of City Ordinance defining uses and mechanisms for coastal settlements

Development and legitimization if ISWM Plan

Review, updating and enforcement of existing City Ordinance on ISWM

Strengthening of IEC activities

Conduct of regular quality monitoring

Conduct of study on wastewater problems in coastal settlements

Budget allocation and/or joint venture with private sector for installation of sewerage and sanitation facilities

Sangguniang Panglungsod

City Planning and Development Office

- Research and Statistics Division

- Zoning Enforcement Division

- Housing and Homesite Development Division

City Health Office

- Health Program Development Division

City Social Services and Development Office

City Environmental and Natural Resources Office

- Environmental and Waste Management Office

City Tourism Office

DENR

Potential private sector partners

Fisheries 1) Illegal fishing practices

2) Overfishing

3) Coastal habitat degradation

Strengthening of fisheries law enforcement

Zoning of city waters with specified areas for fishery activities

City Agriculturist Office

Sangguniang Panglungsod Committee


xix


Mangrove denudation due to illegal cutting of mangroves and conversion of mangrove areas into fishponds and illegal settlements

Water pollution caused by domestic wastes from coastal settlements

Drafting, legitimization and implementation of Fisheries Management Plan

Implementation of registration and licensing system for fishers, boats and gears

Strengthening of IEC and advocacy programs

Provision of assistance to fisherfolks

City Environment and Natural Resources Office

- Natural Resources Operation Division

Barangay Captains

Philippine National Police

Philippine Coast Guard


NGOs, POs

Community ( through reporting system)

Coastal Habitats and Species Protection

1) Insufficient coastal law enforcement

2) Threatened endangered species

3) Destruction of coral and seagrass area by structures and reclamation activities, particularly in Tibungco

4) Mangrove denudation due to informal settlements

Species conservation, specifically marine turtles and whale sharks

- Formulation and legitimization of management plan for turtle sanctuary

- Establishment and management of conservation areas for whale sharks and butandings

Establishment and management of fish sanctuaries

- Creation of local MPA body

- Formulation and legitimization of MPA Plan

Mangrove rehabilitation




City Environment and Natural Resources Office

- Natural Resources Operation Division

Barangay Captains

Philippine National Police



NGOs, POs

Davao City Coastal Zone Mana ent Situation and Recommendations ANNEX

xx

gem


- Establishment/survey of potential areas for mangrove rehabilitation areas

- Establishment of City mangrove nursery

- Conduct of IEC activities on mangrove rehabilitation

- Forging of co-management arrangement between DENR and LGU

Riverbank rehabilitation

Academic and research institutions ( e.g. UP Min)

save Davao Gulf Foundation

Marine Transportation, Navigation and Coastal Industries

Marine Transportation and Navigation

1) Water pollution caused by oil spills and solid wastes from shipping vessels

2) Negative impacts of oil spills and solid wastes from shipping vessels to beach resorts

3) Insufficient fish landings

Zoning

- Restriction of navigation zone to specific areas

- Coordination with MARINA on list of registered local and foreign vessels

- Regulation of construction of additional private and fish ports

- Identification/designation of areas for fish landings

Valuation study of City’s marine transportation sector

Conduct of water quality monitoring

Strict implementation of issuances of





City Health Office

- Health Program Development Division



City Tourism Office


xxi


Coastal Industries

1) Industrial pollution

2) Weak implementation of issuance of Foreshore Lease Agreements and Environmental Compliance Certificates

FLC and charging of fines and penalties for non-compliance

City Ordinance for industrial establishment specifying required SWM and wastewater facilities and, corresponding fines and penalties for non-compliance

City Treasurer’s Office

- Business Tax Amusement

And License Division

City Engineer’s Office

- Planning and Programming Division

- Building Permits Division

- Industrial Safety Division


DENR-EMB

DENR-LMS

Tourism Water pollution from coastal industries, aquaculture activities and coastal settlements

Expired Foreshore Lease Agreements (FLAs)

Restriction of Tourism Zone to specific areas

Consensus-building on conflict areas with industries, mangrove areas and settlements.

Organization of association of beach resort and other coastal tourism business-related owners

Strengthening of collaboration between proposed CRM Office and EMB of DENR for strict implementation of FLA and ECC issuances.

Conduct of independent water quality







City Tourism Office

City Treasurer’s Office


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monitoring in beach resort areas.

Development and implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation (M& E) Program for coastal tourism facilities, establishments, services and industries.

Drafting and implementation of City Ordinance specifically addressed to beach resort owners and other related stakeholders such as restaurants, hotels etc.

Reconciliation of records of establishments (beach resorts and seaside restaurants) of the City Tourism Office, Business Bureau and the Department of Tourism.

- Business Tax Amusement

And License Division

City Engineer’s Office

- Planning and Programming Division

- Building Permits Division

- Industrial Safety Division

Potential private sector partners:

Association of resort owners

NGOs

Davao CRM Situation and Recommendation

Documents

Transcript of Davao CRM Situation and Recommendation