Constructing Online Spaces for Intercultural Dialogue: media Literacy Initiatives for Global...
Transcript of Constructing Online Spaces for Intercultural Dialogue: media Literacy Initiatives for Global...
Constructing Online Spacesfor lntercultural DialogueMedia literacy initiatives for global citizenship
Manisha Pathak-Shelat
Globalcitizenshiphasonceagaincaughttheattentionofresearchersandeducatorsalikebecausepeopleareincreasingly'n""onn'ctedinthegtobalizedworldandglobalchal-lengesneedglobalresponses,tnaddition,thisisprobablythefirsttimeinhistorythatlarge
scalecitizen-to-citizeninteractionshavebeenmadepossibleatthegtoballevelasaresultofthenewmediaandinformationtechnologies.Thisarticleisbasedonamulti-sitedethno-
graphicstudyonwomen,stransnationalanddigitalcivicparticipationandtheirexperi-encesofglobalcitizenship.Thearticlearguesthatonlinespacesandcommunitieshaveanimportant contribution to make in developing women,s civic self.image as global citizens
throughfacititatinginterculturaldialogue.onlinedialoguewithselfandwithinissuebasedcommunities can shape and reinforce global civic identities while diatogue with ,,others,,
withdifferentcultures,ideologies,andpracticescanpromoterespect'empathy'andtoleranceforothercultures.Thearticleconcludeswithsuggestionsformediaandinformation
literacy initiatives to contribute to global citizenship by designing spaces, communities' and
practices that invite young people to engage in intercultural dialoque'
Keywords:globalcitizenship,transculturalcitizenship'mediaandinformationliteracy'interculturaldialogue,culturalstudies,onlinecivicengagement
lntroductionGlobalcitizenshiphascapturedtheattentionofscholars,politicians,educators,andcitizensonceagain'Ctobutcitizenship'however'isnotanewconcept;far from it. The notion of KosmouPolites or cosmo-poiities: a citize-n of the
universegoesbacktotheancientGraeco-Romanworld'particuiarlytothethought of the Stoics and Cynics (Heater' 1996)'These ancient philosophers
were not rejecting locd ani national political communities but they recognrzed
and often valorized allegiance to the moral community made up of all human
beings.
57
(,n @
'r7,ls
1 i ?
_/ii{
1: f €
1 =
ic i
E ! +
*: =;
39 tE
A€
E gg
Ff t€
3!i=
:lEitl
/iEt i
r +i
a i I
7=r
Ti i
i i?z
=+a+
!=,2
/7r=
?i!
?iE
! +7
illLii
i i z+
\i+ll!
*l!i
E 11
1+ +
27' v
!1i=
:,iE
*q+9
\+r=
2t1:
i: liE
*g i€
i: FE
Iu?;
r1;-=
i; a
=*7?
iiz zE
i i +t
i1 =i
=E c
=
z+E
zei=
! {1 =
E' i
EE 7
+1?*
E!11
1i-;
i E
i ?+
=rZi
iii i +
?+Z
t=7i
't i 2
2 1z
1?+
+i r?
'= iii
v'z=z
iz -:
i Ei?
6: i
!'=r'i
;+a+
i?: E€
. i E;
ETz!
':i*--z
'iZ
li;Z'
V iti
i !i! li
Z!t{t
+z=
; 7 ;,?
E i ;
z E"
t * i
E i
e a
=it i
+;-!
; 1 *-
.ii|i?
i # r
q x
+F +
iZz!
?€i
*iE;?
lE in
+?
z zF
F ;
?24
! t i1
i i ?e
i ?zz
!+E;
i E*?
zEE
Et +
i727
?' e
! i ii
r+;E
!!a ii3
i EEi
l=uz
:+ 7
i==z
?!,=
!v;=
=zn3
;FilB
iai
; a6*
+t?
;€'ff
3f iE
;tii1
t f ir
?==*
ig +
? ii
i1
= 6-
,+T=
,i.2,
,-'.-
lilE iia
+a i;
i ;,
i:::
1:';=
; a +
;;,i E
';= z
-i''' ^;
asq
izBi
'1'"
:II=6
?+e
6e*;
s-
1tZ7
_ ;1
'*liZ
==7d
:sZt
;===
2 F
? ?
E i t
=,;
t iEEi
- *z
i tii
: i; i
i€ ?
: ii|7
7i;=
E= e
q ?E
Lj i
qi +
il;
il_ c
== -;
= a i T
e f;
n 9
3E i_
LFi ?
,=7
s a
7?;7
i?1t
:?i,?
= 3
ZLi
;i 'iiT
?;z;
.E;=
.-!?
1!?;
=?
7 t a
a ?
1F K
*;i
E 7
z ea
' *3 7
:',-i i j
- i =
{ =- 7
, t;74
/=
.o!'=
? EZ
Z 7 i/i
7Z *
'--V-
i VL
-8.2
7i=7
: =i
A =
= i 7
> z
+ias
eE =
raiE
; K ii
ii I a
' c e
i* a
; *iT
rtEi+
;Fi
d F
x +q
a 5
f. I
!i!+Z
ii zi
ii+ :
tlli?
zz; i€r
ti?E
E?=,
i1i:i
,AH
d3+
H&F
i'€ A
g I
; {H
= ri
2=F=
fe a
itTq{
a3 aa
;t ?
vgi=
+7
z=T=
+ i
3 F et
gii :
iV?=
i+le
t-iz
z-=7
tii;t;
*ETi
Ig i
x +i
+??=
i3**
li!lE
i;;g;
iii i+
1!s2
+?i Ii
ry 3lE
5i;i
riZtT
g 5l
+?1i
sgi
ag;iA
iE=i
Vti +
6:*-
+i?"
18^1
1 f *
ie*ii
5ie;
'=z
i -€
Iqr.-
;{^4z
a'
=E
7,Et
=l=l
1e
;.==I
??=?
ilat
iF:la
gaSa
SaE
i€, 1
i?€+
;i144
!a:x
ae.*a
/<
==1,
, r:;
x I ?
= L
iZ-=
_Zi =
z'v z
=='<
,LZ
iZ i'!
'+Z=
6'Po
A53.
p:. E
F B
n H
:si.g
ila,
ii.qi
:-i|-i
li iii+
;;Sii*
?;E-
azi'a
r ii"g
; *
= *E
e: r
*El=
7in
ri tL
=z i"
o = f o ! o = o J q ory
i; ?6
i3 fr
: +*€
-E ii7
n3 ?
t f li-
li Fli3
i atit
i'Ti
i#5
i i F
i i ?
**El
li=\?
i iF 5
i i n5
E Ii
a I r
a F
a F
+ ? i
iF6
+$Ff
lF3
i?tF
ii =t
?1; a
I s 3
3 ; =F
F ri
v? ;i?
el??
F+s:
:*;3i
iFiig
tiil *3
$ +a
+E tii
;Ba;
ci+Fa
iEg
aiS+
a:E
e?lfE
irrgr
+iFi
t".-i
seig
ii*i I
'iEig
* T1g
FiFi
iigl
;*5?'
ii=:A
i 3iF
; rTn
$r+Q
;+$
+Fe€
eitiia
eE f1
tlissiE
is€€
iiF*it
liiiiq
iasii
iiiile
3 ;l\
i :ErE
;+E?
4 1+
+
i*xiiiF
i; +[
fi$a;
+rr+
i r;f
r?Ei
FF[te
*i3i
i Fii;
f,iIt
c€i is
l*;iIi
; l+
f ;+F
FE; =
2i7+
-r
Eirs
E='u
e g*
+*EI
$1aE
g tu
iEi+
*EiE
llE;E
E *
ElEr
Eess
+i*;a
ra$g
€t*a
*uiA
rnE
Fr;s
reil+
argi
E *
i-J+s
+=:a
U
!5=
:-iee
'lP!'"
-$
:B-';
' !8
=t=d
'e?d
'gg3
Atl!)
-!.d:
trFJ
lgE#€l
g ':
E+i i6
;i*r5
i gEi
s+cs€
3Fffi
Fi: f
EiL;
iTist
E '
-?i g
ig3e
33
e'i;q
li-e;
53:::
iittp-
3-6o
-"&6
o g:
q iE
B:i
5i S
aCZl
*li€1
!:P1i
E[;
;'r-T
. 5 r
# T
Ft2t
7,:3
+ ":
F:?
g.[;3
'i fF
1l€=
^"?=
]* ?i
i"iLi
tEe$
10a
:agx
o-='
REg
+=-T
Ze B
li.i
;=
. it
u',i
=f;3
=irf,
=.oi
-.p'
J" 5
Fr
o)F
O <
b:;7
,=--'
w 1x
-f :3
3+
: 1f
Iii]+9
86!;Z
ZIql
f*fg
5aE
413g
e'E
$E?
EfF3
[+B;
i€Hr
i;;a
aT$"
t ? i
EHE
IqE;
!!*31
E+if=
=x-
c-c7
--r =g
E s
A +
G=E
E+?f
*24+
1;Z=
g€?
[:a::+
eB
il *
* t3E
7.la
x?d?
3.€
1"6i
-+e+
eG
:1
q -2
sF+
rFEi
i3;E
+FFE
F7=
zZ-z
!: ?=
a
-?z'=
i==;
3+=s
ii;==
lsF?;
3 ;i
? Ei
[ il+=
AgaE
rrifr+
i?:
-='e
E E
j oc
* =
::1[1
3 =i
A
3ag
sr$e
-:+?f
t1=:
Fi;x
a=i
i2
; i:=
EEi
F,?x
=7,?
,f;+L
!gR"
Y'o-
733
;rili
{8
' "i;
.3
a13F
=;68
0+;E
;fi[
1;€q
=?
?F
.i ;i;
i;165
liEln
:.=-r;
3 gf
*L
* !:;
;-a€=
Ect4
v;B;
n':a€
f*{€,
}€ ii
"qt=
+;[e
iFEl
,gFi
;gt
i"EEe
E E+
i+
= i=
z"i*-
:?={
?€fa
u €i
"- ;i,
+ ;3
d rF
=s
5i=H
[q
o f f D ! o = = o oE
:E. ?
E i ?
F 7
3-E ?i
7 ?7
-x14
=+;,
F .i
Ji7?
.72i
?i76
1? ?
t!!=;
i E 2?
V?El
ri li
==Z/
7? E
EE z
=!EZ
li rZ
?Ei
i+t
i?||i
i + iE
?€iii2
4t1*
21, *
f ;E i+
zlta
l +=1
-;?7
*ii|=
1;=
*tE -
7=,li€i
=- E
\?iii?
.=i1
117+
z?€
7+lIz
{*?1
tE
+tta
++EE
I is
zllE
ltE€ i€
Tna+
i I i€
giA
i ilE
*ii,?
:,1'!
jllitt
iE?a
==, lE
i+a#
=i1:€E
=,e ia
;i i *
- a is
sq ;q
i; iili
iEl[lf
E*z?
?Es
ilia ie
+i i1
;1fl*
}{7i;}
- t7;
\f}l!*
lZ*i
ir[ 3-
i? r;
i€=;
-z=a
i ili=
z=*>
L?i:z
Ez !+
=,2t
+27=
_=+3
=fi+
liee;
*r:iq
-s-i
iEeI
lZ??
,i+87
; *a.
a*;i=
-*!,-
;-^
+li?
ZZ{+
= a
=+: =
ii: /t
l =i i €
v*E iv
,-z rt
l7z2
1=-z
?-:1
i Ft;ti
f Ei\{
t\?EE
li* z
s ?t
=r.it
E lii
Z!17
-E=
itile
.t{;1
il+iE
E{*z
ae,li
al1s
1l{a
{lz:'r
Lzz?
i=-r 1
ltlzz
il=vi
tT7i
, =i21
7?12
?i2i
i; i
F ?H
i:1t
1171
8 EE
{,,T{
;{z+1
12 ?E
#l+l
*12*
zt1
iner
gFi
=1,=
i=zz
z ,r,
11EE
I7Z2
Z|==
TilZ
?ZlE
=1;z
Ei
?isl
si i
LEia
+*ilz
1?1
?rul
?1r1
lzitE
?
-'!v:
!?*g
i i.: i;
+ f
€ i€
i;=z
iE-|l
ii +;
iZ,a
Zii-=
?v[*;
f ir i
i$;a
ilr lg
is iF
giIE
+ir
iif 'n
+;is
ie r
E? t;
gF tz
?E" i=
J q 3
EE=i
* is
s *E
sE
=FE
ii-iE
i+!
; i*:E
Er; s
u tii
= $
t??i
!r"?!
i,,5;
iE I !
!+?i
=i\i
; g;Es
i ?g€
g lIn
E E
E $*€l
ea: f
IFFE
$ E$
3*iiiF
rliri?
i??+
i=V
; ; 3E
; i|iii?
liz'=
i aFE
i; 1a
i' =+
;g i 1
??i i\e
s; ilg
e e\
;i : ii
+ iia
it'ii=
*li;E
r+qi
+i €
r+tc
,;;+?
iit iii
+i
*F aE
==+g
i ie i
+ ?i
Et=i
iii ;
r€ i
s q
rrsFe
?=?
caa
'ulii*
iiFilii
6 3i
iFF3
FF
qX.
;: =
., :,
: =
r .---
' 2 2
lt:
E =
: F F
+g e
'" 3_
i,?T
19 *5
-u-
;-i:
5 51
;f i=
g;;r:
'1
,,'=
? 4
+7 ii
""t77
7?1=
7_lq
ea7{
',: e
= lE
li * E
+ t?
i, =*
IE E
Ei ti
i e i
a e :,
i= ii
izJ=
o', J uJ:,
:,z
=-==
= =
= ==
=za
7T;1
= i 1
= =+
==*=
_ ti=
t!; 3
E i,_
6: a
: _0 e
ntZ
tE=e
=+==
-;;E7
i?ia
!-?E
?; a
ii=; e
A xi
="=,
7?e=
! j =
7=:
aet*
tI iE
s I;;
Eiel
tii?+
+?g
\laEr
iFi i
tEzi
? e?
i
=ei?
gii.
a*=-
;t*_e€
I ,'a
" I =;
;+=:
iEZz
=1fi7
7;1a
i u,'\
2 ?
-i?.ii
=E +=
V =:
=27+
?i i i
ii q
=TiV
i,v i
i z -=
= zr
?=
-:i ig
'iTEi
Ei.r=
v ac
:ci ?
j;=23€5
i=z=
s?r
"i/,?
_ei
3gl 3
t: ie
l1"i?
f : a
:Ftq
: €Er
i f i;
gf P
9: g
sH x
t.E?i
5 ! e
; s
T = i :
pi?
i=itl
z+!
r =j
j4 t_
ti ?a
t;ELt
=__*
i7==
z?t
sT38
; E*E
?ii?
\AEE
+iiiE
f ;;a
i if s
1,?
*i!t=
it*Ei
r?hi
lqr€
=3.a
: 3;
itlf=
a: ;E
i"i?
iS4t
as iz
=;€
F:7
igE€
=5F
5 i#
! H
a
i ri =
.t?+Z
:i:iV
i?7Z
Zi+t
7?i!?
,1?=
!'uzr
iE'ii
l?i i
1.=t
f ;ii
=-La
ii ;.
i E i ?
=* =
: + lg
i+lZ
icr ;
E.?"
s TF
a 7
EEr!
is=e
a rtE
€ i 3
i iEgC
n r€
3;qE€g
EEgE
iEra
iEli
e i{E
r
6ii !?
t:=F
ilE ;!
TE i
i.c ig
Ilillil
iiiiliE€
ia*E
7=!'
q|E
g|1E
113t
gggl
11 gg
E'''t'
'?r
'ri €=
'Es;
ltzr ii
cl €i
E}a[
fgl EE
;$gi
fz*z
zz1i
EI} g!
} Jilll?
;+?a
z iE
Ei *:E
$+tT
.sEu
E€ r+
irl*e
i;aiE
iEli;
:Eg€
Ftf i
ig',L
]E F
1€g
,g, u
s =,
= f i
i? 1
=?f 7
''E+;
Zgli+
,{?aq
,Zt Z
E" i
E?ri
!E3F
;*6sf
it?i.F
d *€
Eli;g
uF$E
?*iiE
g?iE
E iE
5r;t
*rei
Firi;
v ;a
u+a;
?€;rf
lc6r
q;Fg
H?v
A+Fi
iFi:
i;a i
+[;id
i +€i
is,"'
;;FiE
'i? L
ai..F
s€si
+isi
ti ii:
i3; i
;EIiS
ieiti
i lqt
Eq3s
=i!"3
iE' eT
'€+t
ri i{=
?
z+Fi
':i rrE
ii:}lz
+2r
=:27
3 E:
gSF
Eitri
; rn
:+
aiiia
;xB;
a:*+
6i?=
_1 r.
Fl=?
:v.:i
1 ii"
l E
iFtS
i+Ei
+E€i
1r+i
ii xE
i-+
!'3 [q
aEs
1 ;E
iig*E
Fs
s-iE
ai;rF
:ig*1
F3s
TF$
i. ll €a
ss=$
i =;:-
+1 ?
=zlt+
Eiiq
ii s'u
g-i
i; t;i
Era
: t;L
+ii
i;i1s
e5:a
.q+a
r_3;
: $s
t;a
B
iii i'ii
q+ +
qriilF
F?*
q?F?
q€ie
[ gt*
i er
3 €
]i8ns
+rii
*?Ei
i+ii|z
7=tg
I*',?
7, tt
6is
i*ei$
si
1E. ?
g=gp
g[=1
ga€i
lF=
t13
3F\F B
- al
i F
+f
o '
B_G
f +
5'
q 3
=o = G' J a ! o = o = a. a?
iE;i3
7
6 gg
{ Hi
{3 3
€ s
?YslF
i riS
ia F
Fi;s
:ae
3?isi
l i i;l
:3iiF
il.$l$
ei6
i?il2
$F€s
reis+
F$i1
$ir;i
EEiis
E+E$
*ig c€i
Fs+$
;.: i
;f liq
dRiX
;Fas
rsF!
F*5i
i5i1
FSi?
x5E1
ig$
S* ie
$ie
rr s
5
u;-'s
i i?
=T i;
3ii3
5 i iE
* T;
rs a
6 i i
iE i1
F €;
3 i
r igi
ix€i*s
r;sEi
liEs
iil1i$
i€ S
;€i+
ia i F
i $'i=
Sf ;F
til$11
rtl ii
t= -i
sF €
lFcE
$a
g i
s s
e r=
=€s1
gs${
;Zi tF
1i €
i: s5
usq
}[ ; =
csi ia
g?{:?
$E;lf
s re
i ;E
i?E$€ it
iE€ t s
*i=
si=-'=
+f s
$€ I f tg
?FF
$F i?
:EiiiF
*;'E
ig=i
c ,,$
l r?
, F rD o x. s. t+ o, = o o o o o)
I (o J
^ o4
sSFA
RR-S
:Ef,S
!; rT
.-::3
;-illl
s i:r
;6..:
ngE*
;Sg*
+f
sRc=
**;*+
H{€:
+:a
+As=
;bl€
:is$R
c iE
;3R3
:B-q
stN3
q t3
. :3{S
s=Cq
iS$
a$tE
+[$B
$qgI
$Ei *
i$gE
+!Ei
$i$1
.- *il
R:F'
I*aKi
:::g
edx;
+TiiE
I3e,
S+
:€nF
ar-4
:;s€€
iXd'
gti*:
H =q
R-;e
l=tN
rlR;
i =Eiis
$+*F
$ssi
d :il:
6-*3
Q:E
8:ql
= .o
* i =\
s 15
ii S
€ 0
X. s
9-:
s d i *
x * i
E : .5
i i *
E i+
siqfiis
dtK.
S3E
$ii$
EEF$
Eli*i
X T)
=rt!+
=.+5
X r^
xa
i"€:Y
*"
:-..r:
?-=?
7?{=
a.,)-
;4..,
,:....
--:J
:2
o,':
: a-
=:'')
-'_
J
= ":.
<.
C
Q
- o;
.D
i- +
)' uq
A
B O
C
f f
T+3;
!;qsd
B g
6'6
= ?
d =
3g<X
6Fjr:
5E.F
F,=P
;; X
? q:
3 a
eaHs
?333
ir+i
f t H
=
g *E
3r r
x +
; n z
17
i,+€
lx F
* I G
o -=
.HqE
i;S3?
;t i
dd fi
a ?.
; +
3=5
dp=o
=THE
eiEg
;H?E
gagi
=aE
I E ?
a a
A?.a
gfse
'xe-t
c,r.j
"i=.,.
c,53
oc=.
o-Q
q'<6
'5h-
:=.
3 ''
.D o
.-:o:
-r.+
a 3
g: +
P E
o :*
o
;'JNF
+*at
/li+-'6
^^9
JHXl
'=da
(D:i
5J:i2
;,nnt
ri?<
=--
^=
- j
9! d
3
r ;i
=' Y.
..--
J,I
': =t
-.'.5
.'-)
;aBd
e,"s
,H=P
i6=
X'_6
sSi=
;3-
'Ai 1
*TFt
:: a
eiEs
E3=€
a3;2
1,Es
'-='"'
)4;
->=-
4,rD
':
(-D <
;+
Po-
n #; N o =(n J 6' J
Lrl
r+ o- o J c+ !t =o o- g, (^o - o) E ) o' ltr
i.i (-rt r) J o =lt
rD a_
* a C n j. o =
a n ) o o