Compositional Techniques and Perceptions of Authorship in Skaldic Poetry: Alliterative and Hending...

Compositional Techniques and

Perceptions of Authorship

in Skaldic Poetry

Alliterative and Hending Word Constellations

Cole Erik Nyquist

Master’s Thesis

Institute for Linguistics and Nordic Studies

UNIVERSITETET I OSLO

01/06/2014

II

Compositional Techniques and

Perceptions of Authorship in Skaldic Poetry


III

© Cole Erik Nyquist

2014

Compositional Techniques and Perceptions of Authorship in Skaldic Poetry:


Cole Erik Nyquist

http://www.duo.uio.no/

Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo

IV

Summary

In order to investigate the compositional techniques of skaldic poetry and determine if any

oral formulae or other compositional methods played a role in the creation of skaldic poetry, I

have collected the alliterating and rhyming words from 1486 couplets by 68 different poets,

including 19 anonymous poems, and investigated whether any of these word combinations

were repeated within the poetry of different skalds. Many such examples of recurrent word

constellations were found in this study; including some couplets by different poets which

shared almost word for word similarity within and without the alliteration and hending

categories, others couplets which shared a number of similar words within both hending and

alliteration contexts, but few or none outside of those categories, and yet others that shared

similarities only between alliteration or hending word pairs. While there are many examples

of these word constellations of various sizes occurring within the works of different skalds,

very rarely do they recur between more than two different poets. From this, it seems unlikely

that oral formulae played a significant role in the composition of alliterative and hending

word combinations in skaldic poetry. Rather, it seems that skalds may have appropriated

convenient alliterating and hending word constellations from each other’s works and

incorporated these choice word combinations or phrases, often with great subtlety into their

own work in an original context.

This subtle appropriation allowed for originality in composition while, at the same time,

taking inspiration or compositional aide from an earlier skald’s work. Appropriation as a

compositional technique supports the idea that skalds were very much aware of the skaldic

corpus, both from their own time and from earlier centuries. The frequent subtlety of the

appropriation which is found in my research could also be a way to avoid being accused of

plagiarism by other knowledgeable skalds. Intelligent and original use of these borrowed

word constellations also supports the argument for the importance of originality in the

composition of skaldic poetry. From my research it appears that the appropriation of

alliterative and hending word constellations was likely used as a compositional technique by

skalds from the 9th

to 11th

centuries. The most notable skalds with inter-related alliterative and

hending word constellations mentioned in this paper include Glúmr Geirason, Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld, and Óttarr svarti, but a great number of other skalds also share word

constellation similarities and I believe that with a more throrough and all encompassing

analysis of the skaldic corpus, many more such examples may be found.

VI

Foreword

This thesis is written to complete the joint Viking and Medieval Norse Studies Master’s

Programme between Háskóli Íslands and Universitetet i Oslo. This master’s programme

offers the opportunity to study the Medieval North through an interdisciplinary approach

which allows each participant to shape his or her studies as preferred. This has allowed me to

focus my studies on the Old Norse language, oral composition, and eventually skaldic poetry;

all of which play an important role in my master’s thesis. The programme offers a year of

instruction at Háskóli Íslands and then the opportunity to complete a third semester in either

Aarhus or Copenhagen in Denmark, or in Oslo, Norway. The fourth semester requires

students to return to Iceland if they chose Denmark as their preferred third semester, but

students who attended the University of Oslo have the option to spend the fourth semester and

write their thesis in Norway as well for a joint degree. I have both learned a great deal and

greatly enjoyed my time at the University of Iceland and the University of Oslo and I wish to

express my thanks to all the professors and scholars who have taught me so much and helped

me to complete this programme.

The topic for this thesis was chosen in consultation with Dr. Mikael Males from the

University of Oslo who also served as supervisor to my thesis project. I wish to offer my

sincere thanks to Dr. Males for his excellent advice, valuable insight, and patient assistance

throughout the research and writing process; all of which have helped me immeasurably

toward the completion of this thesis. When I chose this topic and began my research, I had

very little experience with skaldic poetry other than a single, although invaluable, class with

Dr. Males. Over the course of my research and throughout the writing of this paper, I have

gained a great deal of insight into the composition and structure of skaldic poetry and I am

pleased with the direction that my research has taken. This has certainly proved a topic that I

should like to continue researching in the future, and that I believe has a lot more insight to

offer on the compositional techniques of skaldic poetry.

Cole Erik Nyquist Oslo, June 2014

VII

Table of Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................. IV

Foreword .................................................................................................................................. VI

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Previous Research........................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 2

2 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Recurrent Word Constellations ................................................................................... 5

2.2 Glúmr Geirason ......................................................................................................... 18

2.3 A Pattern Emerges: Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld ..................... 22

2.4 Glúmr Geirason and other poets ................................................................................ 25

2.5 Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld ....................................................................................... 29

2.6 Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and Óttarr svarti ........................................................... 34

2.7 Óttarr svarti ................................................................................................................ 40

3 Data Overview and Analysis ............................................................................................ 47

3.1 Composition, Formulae, and Authorship .................................................................. 47

3.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 49

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 52

Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 58

Appendix I: Poetry Comparison Data ...................................................................................... 59

Appendix II: Full Alliteration and Hending Data .................................................................... 66

1

1 Introduction

It is my purpose for this paper to investigate whether oral formulae played a role in the

composition of skaldic poetry, why it does or does not follow set formulae, what methods, if

any, can be surmised from the following data to have aided in skaldic composition, and what

this means for our understanding of Old Norse skaldic poetry. For the purpose of this paper, I

have investigated frequent word pairs or constellations within the alliteration and hending of

couplets from various skalds. As such, the focus of this paper has been solely on alliterating

and rhyming words and the contexts in which they appear within skaldic verse. Any other

compositional techniques which can be reconstructed or hypothesized from my research have

also been investigated and used to gain a broader understanding of skaldic poetry as an oral

art form. The spontaneous composition of oral poetry as complex as skaldic verse must have

been a difficult and complicated undertaking and any tools, however small or subtle, would

likely have been a great aide in composition. Gaining a better understanding of these methods

of composition is a difficult task and it is therefore helpful to approach this topic from

different perspectives using various kinds of data to discover new possibilities. The use

combination of alliteration and hending word combinations to attempt to discover previously

unthought-of possibilities is a primary goal of this study and it is my hope that any such

insights that can be gleaned from my research will, at the very least, encourage further

research into alliterative and rhyming word constellations or other aspects of skaldic poetry.

1.1 Previous Research

To my knowledge, no research exists which investigates oral formulae or other compositional

strategies by collecting alliteration and hending from skaldic poetry. Other scholars have

certainly discussed formulae and composition by using other aspects of skaldic poetry, most

notably the use of kenning and heiti, alongside othe metrical considerations, in composition.

Kenning is not the focus of this thesis except where it overlaps with alliteration or hending,

but its relevance as potential evidence for skaldic compositional technique is very relatable to

this paper. Two scholars whose works I found to be of particular relevance to my own study

of compositional techniques are Frog and Elena Gurevich, both of whom discuss such

strategies in their works. Frog investigates oral compositional techniques by analyzing

kenning and metrical considerations in relation to how they play a part in the composition of

situational verse. His article "Speech-acts in skaldic verse: Genre, compositional strategies

2

and improvisation" concludes that there were many compositional strategies internalized by

skalds that interact in various ways and contribute to a flexible multi-form of formulae used

in dróttkvætt meter.1 Elena Gurevich focuses more on the system of kennings than on other

metrical considerations, specifically on how kenning and heiti variation allows for greater

originality in composition. She argues in her article “The System of Kennings” that there is a

complex traditional structure to the kenning system that required poets to use a vocabulary of

traditional kennings and heiti, but also encouraged them to restructure or expand upon the

system to create original kenning variations for their own compositions.2 These scholars

argue for the presence of compositional techniques in skaldic poetry that allow for variation

within a complex traditional structure or that are able to interact with each other in various

ways to allow for freedom and variation in composition. Their respective works should be

referred to for further insight into the compositional techniques of the skalds. For a general

overview of oral formulaic theory in Old Norse scholarship, one should refer to Paul Acker’s

“Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse.”3

Other sources relevant to this paper include the volumes of Skaldic Poetry of the

Scandinavian Middle Ages, specifically the “Poetry from the Kings Sagas” volumes,4 5 which

discuss many of the poems and poets used as examples in this thesis.

1.2 Methodology

In order to accomplish the outlined goals for this paper, I have collected and analyzed a

sizable selection of couplets from the skaldic corpus and recorded the alliterating and

rhyming words in a spreadsheet. This allows for efficient discovery and analysis of repeated

words or phrases as they reappear in different poems and authors. Because of the limited

scope and length of this thesis, I have restricted my data collection to poems which are

available for electronic access and thus allow for the greatest amount of data to be collected

in the most efficient way possible. The website Heimskringla.no contains digitized poems

1 Frog, "Speech-acts in skaldic verse: Genre, compositional strategies and improvisation" in Versatility in

Versification: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Metrics, ed. Tonya Kim Dewey and Frog, 223-246, (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2009) 2 Elena A. Gurevich, “The System of Kennings” in Nordica Bergensia 3, (1994), 139-56

3 Paul Acker, “Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse,” Garland

Studies in Medieval Literature 16, (New York and London: Garland, 1997) 4 Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry

of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012) 5 Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the

Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009)

3

from various poets from the 9th

to 12th

centuries and has been used to gather an extensive and

efficient selection of data which can be used for this investigation. This selection includes

1486 couplets of relevant meter and 68 individual named skalds and 19 poems from

anonymous poets. Because of the limited scope of this thesis, it is not possible to undertake a

source critical evaluation of the authenticity of each poem herein discussed, therefore; in

order to compensate for the lack of such an intensive source evaluation, I have used a

relatively large corpus of poetry in order to offset any deviances. Hending and alliteration are

used in this thesis as a heuristic tool for the purpose of finding any present formulae within

the analyzed poetry, as alliterating or rhyming formulae would be the most obviously helpful

to poets for composing in dróttkvætt and related meters.

Because of the need for at least three alliterating words and four hending words per couplet,

only poems where the majority of their stanzas meet these requirements have been selected

from Heimskringla.no6 and the alliterations and hendings gathered therefrom have been

compared. This method is also apt to find occurrences of borrowing or paraphrasing between

skalds, but determining the difference between a borrowing and a formula is a matter of

interpretation. In order to determine whether it is borrowing or formulae at work in any given

example of inter-skaldic similarity, I will use the frequency of a similarity’s occurrence

among different poets to interpret the data. If there are only two or very few repetitions of a

given word constellation between different poets, the repeated words are more likely the

result of borrowing or appropriation than of oral formulae. Thus, where the same repeated

word combinations recur in many different poets’ works, it is more likely the result of a

repeated formula than a borrowing. Only a few occurrences of such word combinations

between two or very few skalds could also be the result of faulty transmission and the

resulting loss of a significant portion of the skaldic corpus or, alternatively, the limited size of

my own data set. If these missing poems were to be somehow included in this study, the less

frequent repetitions might prove to have been part of a more frequently repeated formula

found again in the missing poetry. If this is the case however, one would not expect to see an

overwhelming majority of word constellations repeated between only two poets in this study,

as there is no reason to suspect that the vicissitudes of transmission would favor the

preservation of two recurrences over many. The results which are used in this paper have also

been compared with more authoritative sources, such as Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning

6 Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: Første Bind B1 Rettet Tekst 800 - 1200, ed. Finnur Jónsson,

http://heimskringla.no/wiki/B1_Rettet_Tekst, Website Last Modified. 12.03.13

4

by Finnur Jónsson7 and Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages for verification of

the data’s accuracy.

The nature of the data collected for this study requires a quantitative count of word

frequencies and constellations within the corpus, but also a qualitative analysis of thematic

context and interpretation of the findings. Ideally some sort of statistical analysis would be

preferred when looking for a clear-cut formulae or other compositional technique, but

without clearly frequent repetition or word combinations within the data, a statistical analysis

would be hard pressed to find clear significance within this data-set. Given more time and a

complete and thorough record of all alliteration and hending from the entire skaldic corpus, a

clearer picture and more mathematical analysis could perhaps be put in place, but a larger

data-set will always be preferred and without the time or means for such a comprehensive

analysis, the selection of the skaldic corpus analyzed herein will still provide an interesting

and informative investigation and analysis basis for future research.

Upon completion of data collection and organization by frequent word pairs or constellations,

I have investigated any instances of recurring words within both alliteration and hending,

analyzing their similarities and differences not only in word constellations, but also within

their poetic context and use in their respective poems. I have also investigated other

possibilities which might result in such similarities by looking at their chronological context

as much as it is possible to be determined. It is necessary to acknowledge the difficulties of

accurately dating some skaldic poems or verses and, for this reason, the chronological

comparisons of the less certainly dated poems should be taken with a grain of salt, but may be

used to at least to explore possibilities of poetic contact between different skalds from

different time periods alongside more certain dating.

7 Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde

og Bagger, 1973)

5

2 Data Analysis

2.1 Recurrent Word Constellations

When analyzing the collected data of alliteration and hending pairs in skaldic couplets, many

different patterns can be discerned including word combinations used in more than one poem

and by more than one poet; while some of these recurring words appear strictly within the

alliteration, first line hending, or second line hending, other combinations can extend beyond

the borders of these categories, sometimes resulting in nearly word for word similarities

between couplets composed by different poets. The first examples of inter-skaldic similarity

to be discussed in this paper include those verses which have the most words in common

within both the alliteration and hending categories. The first of these examples showing

remarkable resemblance comes from a pair of couplets from “Lausavísur” by Egill

Skallagrímsson and Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason from around 924 A.D. and 1002-1003

A.D. respectively.8 9

Table 1 “Lausavísur” by Egill Skallagrímsson and “Lausavísur” by Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason Poet Verse First

Alliterating Word

Second Alliterating Word

Third Alliterating Word

First Hending Word, First Line

Second Hending Word, First Line

First Hending Word, Second Line

Second Hending Word, Second Line

Egill Skallagrímsson

8 austr unnar Eyvindr austr hesti Eyvindr skreyja

Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason

5 austr unnar Eirekr austr hesti Eirekr fleiri

Source Appendix I: Poetry Comparison Data

8 Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed.

Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 42-53, v. 8, p. 44 9 Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første

Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 185-188, v. 5, p. 186

6


C.A. 924 A.D.

Gerðum hølzti harða

hríð fyr Jótlands síðu,

barðisk vel sás varði

víkingr Dana ríki,

áðr á sund fyr sandi

snarfengr með lið drengja

austr af unnar hesti

Eyvindr of hljóp skreyja.10

Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason

C.A. 1002-1003 A.D.

Segið ér frá jarli

oddfeimu staf þeima,

hann hefr litnar hǫ́var

(hárr karl es sá) bǫ́rur,

sigreynir hefr sénar

sjalfr í miklu gjalfri

austr fyr unnar hesti

Eirekr bláar fleiri. 11

The first thing to note about the above example is that vowel alliteration is used. This allows

for different vowels to begin the words participating in the alliteration, but in this case, both

Egill and Gunnlaugr use the same first two alliterating words: “austr” and “unnar” and the

third alliteration is a name beginning with the diphthongs “/ey/,/ei/,” respectively “Eyvindr”

and “Eirekr.” The first lines of the couplets also share common hendings. In this case, the

alliteration “austr” is used as the first word of the hending pair, complementing “hesti.”

Interestingly, within the first line of the couplet, the only difference is the preposition used by

each poet, Egill’s line reading “austr af unnar hesti”12

and Gunnlaugr’s “austr fyr unnar

hesti.”13

The second lines of the poets’ respective couplets share only the use of the

alliterating names as the first words in the second line hendings, although the presence of

proper names in each context creates a certain structural similarity. The rest of the second line

words are all different from one another due both to context and the two names’ differing

requirements for internal rhyme.

The remarkable similarities between the two couplets suggest the possibility of a later skald

turning to an earlier exemplar for inspiration for their own poem about a different person. In

this case, that would likely be Gunnlaugr referring to Egill’s earlier verse if dating and

authorship are correct. While it is difficult to completely rule out coincidence, in this example

the relevant words not only have the same grammatical form, but also appear in the same

order within their respective couplets. The recurring words also participate in the same

alliteration and hending pairs, with changes only seen where name change and context

demand them.

10

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” v. 8, p. 44 11

Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, “Lausavísur,” v. 5, p. 186 12


Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, “Lausavísur,” v. 5, p. 186

7


...áðr á sund fyr sandi

snarfengr með lið drengja

austr af unnar hesti

Eyvindr of hljóp skreyja.14

Gunnlaugr ormstunga

Illugason

...sigreynir hefr sénar

sjalfr í miklu gjalfri

austr fyr unnar hesti

Eirekr bláar fleiri. 15

…before sturdy Eyvindr skreyja leapt from

his horse of waves into the sound with his

brave host east for the coast.

…Eirekr battle-tester has seen for himself in

the great din of the sea east before (his) horse

of waves many black (waves).

Specific contextual differences in the appearance of these two couplets in their respective

poems show that one author could not simply have copied directly from another to fill in a

missing line or two from their own poem. Both stanzas certainly deal with similar

circumstances involving warriors, ships, and waves, but Egill’s stanza involves an attack on

Jutland by Eyvindr skreyja who leaps into the sea from his ship with his men. Gunnlaugr’s on

the other hand tells of Eirekr familiarity with the black waves of the sea as he has seen from

his ship. The commonalities between these two circumstances include the direction east,

“austr,” and the kenning for ship, wave horse or horse of waves, “unnar hesti.” While finding

a kenning for ship would be a common occurrence, this particular kenning’s combination

with “austr” and a name starting with ‘E’ is far less likely. Couple this with the same word

forms and order and the influence of one poem upon the other becomes much more plausible.

The alliterating words and first rhyming pair seem to have been appropriated by Gunnlaugr

from the earlier poem and woven neatly into a new verse with similar kenning and theme, but

very different meaning.

Another possible reason for the similar alliteration and hending between these two couplets

could also be that a scribe borrowed a line or phrase from one poem in order to fill in a

missing part of another. This is a difficult possibility to prove either way, but the way in

which these recurring words are appropriately woven into the rhyme scheme indicates that

even if it was the work of a later scribe, rather than the original poet, the scribe must have had

a fair knowledge of skaldic poetic composition. As there is seemingly no great change in

word constellation frequency over time within the data-set that I have collected, it is a distinct

possibility that such borrowing, appropriation, or plagiarism may have been something that

14


Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, “Lausavísur,” v. 5, p. 186

8

existed throughout the skaldic period and therefore could have been used by skalds both early

and late.

This example and eight others from Gunnlaugs saga were noted for their remarkable

similarities with other poems and skalds by Kari Ellen Gade in a chapter on “The Dating and

Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas” from Skaldsagas: Text, Vocation, and Desire in

the Icelandic Sagas of Poets.16

Gade concludes that because of the large number of

similarities between poetry attributed to Gunnlaugr and that of other skalds, “most of the

stanzas in Gunnlaugs saga (are) spurious” and “most if not all of the dróttkvætt stanzas in

Gunnlaugs saga…are the work of later skalds…”17

Gade calls these similarities “echoes of

earlier poetry” which “are too numerous to be fortuitous,”18

a sentiment with which I agree in

terms of the examples which have thus far been discussed in this paper.

The similarities between the two poets seem too great to be mere chance, but the skill with

which they are woven into a new context and poem proves that the author was a skilled poet

and not just a plagiarist. I would thus conclude that this example is an appropriation of part of

an earlier poem into a later poem which was perhaps composed by or, in Gade’s view

attributed to, Gunnlaugr. Appropriation or borrowing as a poetic compositional tool is by

necessity a later trend, as the earliest skalds would have had a much smaller corpus to draw

from and by this standard it is no surprise that the author of Gunnlaugr’s couplet has drawn

on the work of an earlier skald like Egill for inspiration or assistance in his or her own

composition.

The next example which seems to indicate Old Norse Skald’s knowledge of and reliance on

earlier exemplars is found in the similarity between a couplet from “Haustlǫng” by Þjóðólfr

ór Hvíni from the 9th

century19

and a couplet from an anonymous “Lausavísur” from the 10th

century.20

16

Kari Ellen Gade, “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas,” in Text, Vocation, and Desire in the Icelandic Sagas of Poets, ed. Russell Gilbert Poole, (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001), 50-74 17

Gade, “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas,” 73 18

Gade, “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas,” 73 19

Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni, “Haustlǫng,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 14-18, v. 6, p. 15 20

Anonymous, “Om Tor,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 171

9

Table 2 “Haustlǫng” by Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni and an anonymous “Lausavísur” Poet Verse First Allit.

Word Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word

First Hend. Word, First Line

Second Hend. Word, First Line

First Hend. Word, Second Line

Second Hend. Word, Second Line

Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni

6 djúphugaðr dræpi dolg djúphugaðr dræpi ballastan vallar

Anonymous 1 djúphugaðr dræpi dolga djúphugaðr dræpi rammr hamri


Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni

C.A. 9th

Century

Ok slíðrliga síðan

svangr (vas þat fyr lǫngu)

át af eikirótum

okbjǫrn faðir Marnar,

áðr djúphugaðr dræpi

dolg ballastan vallar

hirði-Týr meðal herða

herfangs ofan stǫngu.21

Anonymous

C.A. 10th

Century

Áðr djúphugaðr dræpi

dolga rammr með hamri

gegn á grœðis vagna

gagnsæll faðir Magna.22

Like the couplets by Egill Skallagrímsson and Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, these couplets

share alliteration and first line hending, but these examples take similarity one step further as

they have the same word for their third alliterations; which differ in grammatical form alone.

Identical forms of “djúphugaðr” and “dræpi” are used by both poets and, in fact, both first

lines of these couplets are identical; reading “áðr djúphugaðr dræpi” with the first words of

the second lines being “dolg” for Þjóðólfr and “dolga” for the anonymous poem.23

24

“Dolg”

does not take part in the second lines hending pair however, and once again context causes

the words of the second lines to differ from one another.

When taking a deeper look into the context of these two couplets within their stanzas other

similarities can also be clearly seen. Tarrin Wills noted the similarity in content, kenning, and

word constellation in his work on “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical

Treatise.”25

Wills translates the helmings as follows:

21

Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni, “Haustlǫng,” v. 6, p. 15 22

Anonymous, “Om Tor,” 171 23



Tarrin Wills, “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical Treatise,” in The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature - Sagas and the British Isles: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga

10

Anonymous

…áðr djúphugaðr dræpi

dolga ramr með hamri

gegn á grœðis vagna

gagnsæll faðir Magna. 26

Þjóðólfr ór Hvini

…áðr djúphugaðr dræpi

dolg ballastan vallar

hirði-Týr meðal herða

herfangs ofan stöngu. 27

…before the deep-minded, mighty, reliable,

victory-blessed father of Magni [=Þórr]

struck the enemies of the sea of wagons [land

> giants] with [his] hammer.28

…before the deep-minded guarding-Týr of

booty [=Loki] struck the very strong enemy

of the field [giant] from above between the

shoulders with a pole.29

Wills suggests that the similarity between these two verses and the presence of this kenning

for giant as “enemy of the land” could indicate oral transmission.30

The situations described

in each stanza are certainly very similar as both involve a god striking a giant with a blunt

object, and this could very well be indicative of the subtle changes that can occur when a

story or poem is passed on orally over a long period of time. I do not think it is possible to

rule out appropriation playing a role in the similarity between these two verses however,

especially without more context for the anonymous half-stanza which could relate the stories

more closely. Without more contextual similarities and subtle differences within at least

another anonymous half-stanza nothing can be said conclusively, but as it stands now there

are enough differences in these two half-stanzas to support this interpretation. It is well

within the realm of possibility that the later poet used the earlier poem as an exemplar to

describe a similar mythological situation. The identical first lines and first word of the second

line only say “before the deep-minded (one) struck the enemy/enemies (of the land or ‘sea of

wagons’)” could easily be appropriated into a similarly themed poem. Oral transmission is

still relevant in the appropriation theory as it is quite impossible to borrow from an earlier

poet in an oral society without hearing the poem at some point or seeing it written down or

carved, which is unlikely during the time period of these couplets. Thus oral transmission

plays an important role in both aforementioned possibilities for the origin of the stanza’s

similarities, provided that the second stanza is not very late.

Conference, Durham and York, 6th-12th August, ed. John McKinnell, David Ashurst and Donata Kick (Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), 1054-1063 26



Tarrin Wills, “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical Treatise,” 1060 29

Tarrin Wills, “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical Treatise,” 1060 30

Tarrin Wills, “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical Treatise,” 1060

11

While the anonymity of the composer of “Om Tor” presents some difficulties, the suspected

different time periods for the compositions of the two poems could support the oral

transmission and appropriation theories for the origin of these couplets. This, just as the first

example, could indicate that later skalds had knowledge of earlier poets’ poems and would

sometimes use parts of them to aid in the creation of their own poetry. The third example to

be discussed differs from the first two in that the skalds lived more or less contemporarily and

the poems were probably composed much more closely together than the previous examples.

In this case, the example poems include couplets from Egill Skallagrímsson’s “Lausavísur,”

whence the first example from Egill also comes, and from Vǫlu-Steinn’s “Ǫgmundardrápa.”

“Ǫgmundardrápa” is dated to around 950 A.D.31

while the verse by Egill is dated to 978

A.D.32

It is certainly possible that these more or less contemporary poets could have had

contact with one another’s works, although in this case by the dating ascribed to each poet’s

couplet, it would be Egill quoting or taking direction from a slightly earlier poem rather than

vice versa, as was the case in the earlier example from Egill. As the time difference between

the following examples is not as great as the previous, it is perhaps somewhat less remarkable

that one skald should be aware of another’s oral composition, but it is the alliteration and

hending that are once again notably similar.

Table 3 “Lausavísur” by Egill Skallagrímsson and “Ǫgmundardrápa” by Vǫlu-Steinn Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit.Word

First Hend.Word, First Line




Vǫlu-Steinn 2 jǫrð orða endr jǫrð orða endr sendi


43 jǫrð orðum endr jǫrð orðum endr hendi


31

Vǫlu-Steinn, “Ǫgmundardrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 93, v.2, p.93 32

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” v. 8, p. 44

12


C.A. 978

Spanðak jǫrð með orðum

endr Steinari ór hendi,

ek þóttumk þá orka

arfa Geirs til þarfar;

mér brásk minnar systur

mǫgr, hétumk þá fǫgru,

máttit bǫls of bindask

Blundr, ek slíkt of undrumk.33

Vǫlu-Steinn

C.A. 950

Mank, þats jǫrð við orða

endr myrk Danar sendi

grœnnar grǫfnum munni

gein Hlǫðvinjar beina.34

In this example, the only difference in alliteration is the word form of the second alliteration

word “orð-,“ while “jǫrð” and “endr” have the same forms. The first line hendings also use

the same words with the only difference being the same “orð-“ variation and the second line

hendings share the same first word “endr,” but have different, though similar, second words.

Like in the first example with Egill and Gunnlaugr, the third alliterating word participates in

the second rhyming pair. While these couplets are very similar when examined in respect to

alliterating words and hendings, they are very different when taken in the context of the rest

of the words in each line. For example Vǫlu-Steinn’s couplet reads: “Mank, þats jǫrð við

orða endr myrk Danar sendi…”35

as opposed to Egill’s “Spanðak jǫrð með orðum endr

Steinari ór hendi…”36

Egill relates how he used words to acquire land from the hands of a

man named Steinar, while Vǫlu-Steinn’s stanza remembers the burial of his son.


Spanðak jǫrð með orðum

endr Steinari ór hendi,

ek þóttumk þá orka

arfa Geirs til þarfar; 37

Vǫlu-Steinn

Mank, þats jǫrð við orða

endr myrk Danar sendi

grœnnar grǫfnum munni

gein Hlǫðvinjar beina. 38

Previously I enticed the land out of the hands

of Steinarr with words,

I thought then to work for the needs of the

heir of Geirr.

I remember how the earth once yawned with

dug-open mouth for the disposer of green

Hlodyn's bones' [rocks'] dark Dane's [giant's]

words [gold].39

40

41

33


Vǫlu-Steinn, “Ǫgmundardrápa,” v.2, p.93 35

Vǫlu-Steinn, “Ǫgmundardrápa,” v.2, p.93 36

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur” v. 43, p. 52 37


Vǫlu-Steinn, “Ǫgmundardrápa,” v. 2, p. 93 39

Snorri Sturluson, “Skaldskaparmal,” in Edda, trans. and ed. Anthony Faulkes, (London: J.M. Dent, 1995), 134-135 40

Snorri Sturluson, “Skáldskaparmál,” in Edda: 2. Glossary and Index of Names, ed. Anthony Faulkes, (University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998), 452

13

As can be seen from the above translations, and unlike the first two comparisons, these

helmings have completely different meanings and content. They have a similar construction,

beginning with word conjunctions with “ek” and follow similar word placement for the

alliterating words “jǫrð,” “orð-,“ and “endr,” but Egill’s stanza uses “orðum” as a dative of

instrument by which he acquired “jǫrð,” while Vǫlu-Steinn uses “orða” as part of a kenning

for a generous man (i.e. disposer of green Hlodyn's bones' [rocks'] dark Dane's [giant's]

words [gold].) The two very distinct contexts for the use of this three word alliterating word

could indicate that if there was awareness by the poets of each other’s works and a desire by

one to incorporate convenient rhyming and alliterating words into their own poem, then the

appropriating poet still desired to make a unique verse.

When these couplets are taken in full context, they do not appear as similar as when the

alliteration and hending are examined separately. Thus the similarity between these two

verses is subtler than the previous examples when all are taken in context, but appear just as

explicit when alliteration and hending are examined alone. It is difficult to say for certain that

these examples are clearly an appropriation of one poet’s work into another’s as these may

simply be easily alliterated and conveniently rhyming words that occurred to each poet

independently, but the possibility of influence certainly cannot be ruled out in this case.

These examples should also be noted for the first two alliteration words and the first line

hending words, as the words “jǫrð” and “orð-“ occur together in other Old Norse poetry as

well. These vowel alliterations can be found multiple times with Egill’s “Lausavísur,”42

but

also in a verse from “Lausavísur” of Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi from 1019.43

41

This translation is altered. slightly from original “dark earth” to Kock’s alternate placement of “myrk” with “Danar” instead of “jǫrð,” creating “dark Dane’s.” This is based on word placement within the stanza. 42

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” v. 41, 43, 45, p. 51-52 43

Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 277-283, v. 5, p. 278

14

Table 4 “Jǫrð” and “Orð” Alliteration and Hending Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word



First Hend.Word, Second Line


Vǫlu-Steinn 2 jǫrð orða endr jǫrð orða endr sendi


43 jǫrð orðum endr jǫrð orðum endr hendi


41 jarðar orðum eyneglða jarðar orðum eyneglða heglðu


45 jarðgǫfugr orðum orð Jarð-

gǫfugr orðum orð forðum

Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi

5 Jarðar orða ǫlunreyrar Jarðar orða ǫlunreyrar heyra


This alliteration and hending combination of “Jǫrð” and “Orð” seems to be a recurring

formula used multiple times by Egill Skallagrímsson as well as by the earlier Vǫlu-Steinn and

the later Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi. The prevalence of this particular word combination

seems to indicate some kind of compositional formula being used at least by Egill within his

own poetry, possibly based on Vǫlu-Steinn’s earlier poetic use of the word combination and

thus Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi may have done the same based on either of the earlier

exemplars. Another possibility is that these words are simply easily accessible alliterative and

hending combinations that are being used coincidentally. In order to be more certain of any

kind of formula at work in these cases a full survey of the skaldic corpus would be most

helpful, but from the data I have gathered for this paper, five out of the seven instances where

“Jǫrð” or a variation of the word is the first word in an alliteration, “Orð” is the second, and

naturally both comprise the first hending pair as well.

If coincidence or formulaic word combination rather than appropriation is at play in any of

the examples, Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi’s use of the word combination is the most

likely candidate. Even if there is a probable connection between Egill’s and Vǫlu-Steinn’s

previously discussed couplets’ use thereof, it is always a possibility that Bjǫrn’s use of the

combination is indirectly related. Whatever the case may be with “Jǫrð” and “Orð”

combinations, their recurrence here might make a more thorough search of the entire skaldic

corpus worthwhile to see if they are found more frequently than in the selection used for this

paper, without signs of copying or quoting from an earlier skald.

15

Returning to the examples which are more specifically indicative of influence from one poet

to another in the Skaldic corpus, another example of the remarkable similarity that can be

found between two different poets’ works is represented by two couplets, namely from

“Hákonardrápa” by Goþþormr sindri44

45

and “Kvad om Erik blodøkse” by Glúmr Geirason.46

These poets were once again active in the 10th

century and both composed about Norwegian

Kings..

Table 5 “Hákonardrápa” by Goþþormr sindri and “Kvad om Erik blodøkse” by Glúmr Geirason Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit.Word





Goþþormr sindri

8 rógeisu ræsir ráðsterkr rógeisu ræsir ráðsterkr merkjum

Glúmr Geirason

2 rógeisu ræsir ráðvandr rógeisu ræsir ráðvandr Skotlandi


Goþþormr sindri

C.A. 10th

Century

Hræddr fór hjǫrva raddar

herr fyr malma þverri;

rógeisu gekk ræsir

ráðsterkr framarr merkjum;

gerra gramr í snerru

geirvífa sér hlífa,

hinns yfrinn gat jǫfra

óskkvánar byr mána.47

48

49

Glúmr Geirason

C.A. 950

Hafði fǫr til ferju

fróðr Skáneyjar góða

blakkríðandi bakka

barnungr þaðan farna;

rógeisu vann ræsir

ráðvandr á Skotlandi

sendan seggja kindar

sverðbautinn her Gauti.50

In this instance, Goþþormr sindri and Glúmr Geirason use similar alliteration and hending in

their poems about Norwegian kings. The first two alliterating words are identical and the

third words, while have different meanings, have the same component “ráð-“ at their

beginnings. The first and second alliterations “rógeisu” and “ræsir” are both elements of the

44

Glúmr Geirason, “Kvad om Erik blodøkse,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 65-66, v. 2, p. 65-66 45

Guthormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” ed. Russel Poole, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 155-170, v.8, p. 169 46

Goþþormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 55-56, v. 8, p. 56 47

Goþþormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” v. 8, p. 56 48

Guthormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” ed. Russel Poole, v.8, p. 169 49

Alternate final two lines from Russel Poole’s edition read “…hinns yfrin gat, jǫfra, óls kvánar byr mána.” 50

Glúmr Geirason, “Kvad om Erik blodøkse,” v. 8, p. 56

16

first line internal rhyme and their respective third alliterations “ráðsterkr” and “ráðvandr”

serve as the first word of the second line hending pair. This once again follows the patterns of

similarity which are seen in the previously discussed examples, but is most similar to the

“Jǫrð” and “Orð” example in that the rest of the words in the couplet are completely

different, making any plagiarism or appropriation subtler than with the first two examples. It

is a distinct possibility that a poet thinking about composing a poem about a king would be

familiar with other recently composed poems on the same topic or with other poets active

about the time and thus the similarity between these two poets could indeed be borrowing

from the contemporary or slightly earlier poet that caught the other’s attention.

The contexts of these verses once again play an important role in the analysis of the word

constellation usage. As both poets are composing about kings, the content of Goþþormr sindri

and Glúmr Geirason’s verses treat on similar subjects. Both involve praise for their subjects’

battle ability and use the kenning for warrior “rógeisu ræsir” or “king of strife-ember/fire” to

describe their respective subjects. This kenning also participates in the alliteration with the

variations of “ráð-“ compounds to form a complete two-line alliteration.

Goþþormr sindri

Hræddr fór hjǫrva raddar

herr fyr malma þverri;

rógeisu gekk ræsir

ráðsterkr framarr merkjum; 51

Glúmr Geirason

… rógeisu vann ræsir

ráðvandr á Skotlandi

sendan seggja kindar

sverðbautinn her Gauti. 52

The army went in dread of the voice of

swords before the diminisher of metal

weapons the impeller of the strife-fire

advanced, strong in counsel, ahead of the

standards.53

…the honest king of strife-fire in Skotland

did send the army of the sons of men sword-

bitten to Gauti.54

55

Once again in this example, there is a distinct possibility of influence of one poem upon the

other. Like the first examples discussed in this paper attributed to Egill Skallagrímsson and

Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, these verses have a repeated kenning that participates in the

alliteration and hending of the first line of each couplet.

51


Glúmr Geirason, “Kvad om Erik blodøkse,” v. 8, p. 56 53

Guthormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” ed. Russel Poole, v. 8, p. 168 54

Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringa: The Beginnings to Óláfur Tryggvason, Volume I, trans. Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes, (University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2011), 91 55

With some translation assistance from the edition by Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes.

17

While this particular example with “rógeisu ræsir” is a very convenient alliterating and

internally rhyming kenning and could represent some kind of repeated formula to describe

warrior kings in skaldic poetry, the continued similarity with “ráðsterkr” and “ráðvandr”

seem to support the cause of appropriation in this instance. Unless attributed completely to

coincidence, it is my opinion that this subtle difference in alliterating words represents an

effort by one of the poets to use a helpful and perhaps well-liked kenning, alliterating, and

hending pair while still maintaining the poem’s individuality and the author and subject of the

poem’s separateness from the exemplar. Thus the subject of Goþþormr sindri’s poem is

“strong-willed,” while the subject of Glúmr Geirason’s is “honest;” a subtle but important

difference represented completely within the alliteration.

The aforementioned examples represent the couplets with the most similar words and

overlapping hending and alliteration of all the data I have collected thus far. All of these

examples have used the same full words or at least the same roots of compound words in

their respective alliterations and the first line alliterating words have also participated in each

couplets first line hending with the exception of couplets from the “Lausavísur” of Egill

Skallagrímsson and Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason. Two of the example sets have their first

line alliteration participating as part a two word kenning as well as the internal rhyme and one

set has helming content which parallels the extreme similarity of the hending and alliteration.

These four examples sets represent potential evidence for inter-skaldic poetic awareness and

occasional borrowing one skald from another. These examples include both contemporary

skalds potentially appropriating word constellations from one another, as well as later skalds,

or indeed scribes with knowledge of skaldic poetic technique, borrowing or perhaps even

subtly referencing an older exemplar’s work.

The relative infrequency of such extensively similar word constellations along with the

contextual variations between the different usages could also, in my opinion, imply that there

was some idea of plagiarism or at least some stigma toward blatant copying between skalds.

Individuality shows itself in each of these examples when looked at as a whole, rather than

just as a data-set. From this we might infer that the aforementioned poets prided themselves

on the uniqueness of their poetry, even when they appropriated a useful or favorite phrase

into their own works. These can also serve as examples of the oral transmission of poetry not

only through time, but also through space. In order for contemporary poets to be aware of

each other’s works, their poems must have passed by word of mouth from one area or one

18

country to another. In the same way, later poets or scribes could not reference or appropriate

from an earlier work if it had not been transmitted orally through time, unless recorded on a

rune-stone in the pre-manuscript times.

The extensively similar couplets analyzed thus far in this paper are most likely representative

of compositional technique using appropriation, rather than a repeated formula as a part

skaldic oral composition. The only example data-set thus far discussed which might be

represent a repeated formula is the combination of “Jǫrð” and “Orð” and variations

thereupon. The reuse of such alliterating and rhyming words could represent a rudimentary

formula to speed oral composition. In order to investigate these lesser similarities and

possible formulae further, we shall now turn to some examples from skaldic couplets which

show less extensive word constellations, most often only involving word pairs exclusively

within a couplet’s alliteration or hending. Some of these examples show subtler signs of

appropriation or plagiarism, while others lean more towards being small formulaic word

combinations.

I will now discuss a few of these examples in more detail and explore their significance for

oral formulaic or compositional method. Because of the high frequency with which some

poets and poems recur in my data for alliteration and hending similarities, I will divide this

section of the paper by skald and discuss the interaction between the couplets of that skald

and those of other poets. I will begin with the poet Glúmr Geirason and his poem

“Gráfeldardrápa,” which shares common word-pairs and phrases with many other poems and

skalds.

2.2 Glúmr Geirason

This section on Glúmr Geirason will begin with examples involving alliteration and proceed

into those examples of word similarity which can be found in first and second line hending

pairs. The first of these less-similar word-pairs incorporates a kenning into its alliteration.

This example comprises couplets once again from one of Egill Skallagrímsson’s

“Lausavísur” from c.a. 938 56

and from Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa” from c.a. 970.57

58

56

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur” v. 32, p. 49

19

Table 6 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Lausavísur” by Egill Skallagrímsson Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

4 gný geira grundar þar geira grundar fundinn


32 gný geira gamanleikr mér geira gamanleikr bleikan


The kenning “í gný geira” or “in din/clash of spears” also serves conveniently as the first two

words in these couplets’ alliteration.59

60

61

My purpose in presenting this example, and those

like it, is to discuss how kennings can help us understand the method of composition for

skaldic verse, as Frog 62

and Gurevich have discussed,63

but for the purpose of this study,

soley as a part of alliteration and hending word constellations rather than on their own. Both

poets in this instance use this kenning to fulfill the same role for alliteration in their

respective poems and for this reason; the alliterative kenning “í gný geira” could serve as a

very basic formula for alliteration in oral poetic composition. Glúmr Geirason’s

“Gráfeldardrápa” also participates in the next pairing of alliteratively similar couplets

alongside a “Lausavísa” from Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld from the 11th

century.64

65

This

next example is similar to the last in that it involves the repetition of a set phrase which

participates in the alliteration, but this alliterating phrase is not part a hending.

57

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 66-68, v. 4, p. 66 58

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” ed. Alison Finlay, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 245-265, v. 5, p. 254 59

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” v.4, p. 66 60

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” ed. Alison Finlay, v. 5, p. 254 61


Frog, "Speech-acts in skaldic verse: Genre, compositional strategies and improvisation," 223-246 63

Elena A. Gurevich, “The System of Kennings,” 139-56 64

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “ Vers af ubestemmelige digte, samt én lausavísa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 326-327, v. 5, p. 326-237 65

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Lausavísa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 280-281, v. 1, p. 280

20

Table 7 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and a “Lausavísa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

10 gǫgn ganga geirdrótt - - geirdrótt þeiri

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld

5 gǫgn66 ganga gótt 's*67 Drengr 's ganga gótt 's* drótni*


It is the phrase “í gǫgn at ganga”68

69

70

71

which is used in both of the example stanzas from

this comparison. As in the previous example, the phrase participates in the first line

alliteration and also serves as the second word of the first line hending. There is a possibility

that this phrase acts like the kenning from the previous example and is also a convenient

participant in alliteration and hence becomes a kind of formula to describe conflict. The

accurateness of using verses from “Gráfeldardrápa” as an argument for reused formulae as

part of oral skaldic composition is called into question by the following two examples, which

also include Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa” in their example sets. The first of these

compares “Gráfeldardrápa”72

73

with an uncertainly titled helming by Gamli gnævaðarskáld

from 10th

century.74

Table 8 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and a helming by Gamli gnævaðarskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

5 ǫðlingi ungum orð ǫðlingi ungum orð borði

Gamli gnævaðarskáld

1 Ǫðlingr ungum ungr Ǫðlingr ungum ungr tungu


Here is yet another example in which Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa” has the same first

line alliteration as another poem from another poet. The word-pairs used in these couplets

66

Diana Whaley’s edition has “gegn.” 67

Asterisks denote reconstruction. 68

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” v. 10, p. 67-68 69


Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “ Vers af ubestemmelige digte, samt én lausavísa,” v. 5, p. 326-237 71

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Lausavísa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 1, p. 280 72

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” v. 5, p. 66-67 73


Gamli gnævaðarskáld, “Af et fyrsted.igt el. helted.igt (?),” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 132, v. 2, p. 132

21

serve as both first line alliteration and first hending. This is once again a convenient vowel

alliteration and skothending which could be evidence of a reusable formula to aid in oral

composition of skaldic poetry, but because this example is once again from “Gráfeldardrápa,”

which occurs frequently in this study of the frequency of word-pair recurrence, there is likely

some other reason for these similarities.

Presuming the dates ascribed to each of these poems is accurate, they should be more or less

contemporary, or at least within the same century, which means the poets could more easily

have been aware of each other’s works or of any standard phrasing or formulae that existed at

the time. This is not the case for the example immediately previous to this one, nor is it true

for the following example which includes couplets from a “Lausavísa” by Glúmr Geirason

from c.a. 961-96275

76

and “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde” by Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld from c.a. 1067.77

78

Table 9 “Lausavísa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

1 folkrakkr fylkir framligt folkrakkr fylkir framligt Gamla


15 folksnaran fylki falla folksnaran fylki falla allir


In this example, the “folk-“ compounds combine with “fylk-“ to create both the first line

alliteration and skothending. Normally, this could once again be attributed to coincidental

use, or, perhaps, some kind of convenient formulaic alliterative rhyming pair of words, but

the presence of Glúmr Geirason as a participant in this comparison merits a closer look at the

data I have collected on his work’s connections with other poets in order to determine if

Glúmr’s frequent appearances among the collected examples of similar word constellations

75

Glúmr Geirason, “Lausavísa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 68, v. 1, p. 68 76

Glúmr Geirason, “Lausavísa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 266, v. 1, p. 266 77

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 322-326, v. 15, p. 325 78

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Haraldsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 260-280, v. 13, p. 274

22

actually represents evidence of formulae or other oral compositional strategies such as

appropriation.

2.3 A Pattern Emerges: Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld

The next example worth analysis pairs a couplet from “Gráfeldardrápa”79

80

with one from

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s “Þórfinnsdrápa” from the 11th

century.81

82

Table 10 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

4 Hilmir hjalmi heina Hilmir hjalmi laut Gautum


5 Hilmir hjalma hreggi Hilmir hjalma hreggi eggjar


The comparison here is once again between the poets Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld, although from different poems by both skalds. Like in the previous example, the

alliterating word pair functions as part of the first line hending as well as alliteration. The

dual functionality once again creates a convenient and perhaps reusable formula, but once

again doubt is cast upon such an explanation because of the continued presence of

“Gráfeldardrápa” as a part of the comparison. It is my opinion that rather than recurring

formulae used to aid in oral composition, we are seeing the presence of appropriation or some

other form of borrowing between different skalds and poems. This is further supported by the

extended first lines of these two couplets; Glúmr Geirason’s reading “Hilmir rauð und

hjalmi…”83

84

and Arnórr jarlaskáld’s “Hilmir rauð í hjalma…”85

86

In fact, the presence of a

third similar component in such examples, within the same couplet, and occurring outside

79

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” v. 4, p. 66 80


Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 316-321, v. 5, p. 316 82

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 229-260, v. 5, p. 235 83



Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” v. 5, p. 316 86

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 5, p. 235

23

alliteration and hending, strengthens my confidence that an appropriation is taking place.

Wherever such additional similarities occur, the case for appropriation is correspondingly

more significant.

Another thing to note about this particular verse from “Gráfeldardrápa” is that it is the same

verse that appears in “í gný geira” from Table 6 with Egill’s couplet, which allows for a

number of possible explanations. One is that one or both of the two similar phrases is purely

coincidence or the result of a formulaic phrase being common enough in the skaldic

repertoire to reappear without appropriation; another is that the author of “Gráfeldardrápa”

borrowed from both Egill and Arnórr jarlaskáld in composition of this verse; which would

mean that either the dating for “Þórfinnsdrápa” is too late or that the author of at least this

verse from “Gráfeldardrápa” is actually later and not, in fact, Glúmr Geirason. Another

possibility is that latter part of the helming is Glúmr’s where he borrows from Egill and the

first couplet is a recreation by a later scribe or poet to fill in a gap which borrows from Arnórr

jarlaskáld. Yet another possible explanation for these similarities is that this example shows a

chain of appropriation; Glúmr Geirason borrowing from Egill and being, in turn, borrowed

from by the later Arnórr jarlaskáld for his poem. It is relevant to note here that Egill’s stanza

is about the killing of a berserk, a theme which is not uncommon to the sagas and could

indicate a later date of composition for this couplet. As the relatively frequent examples of

potential borrowing from “Gráfeldardrápa” seem to indicate the poem’s high standing among

skalds, it is certainly not impossible that Egill’s stanza is the work of a later skald also

borrowing from the popular work. It is my opinion that because of the large number of times

that Glúmr Geirason and “Gráfeldardrápa” appear in my data having similarities with other

poems (including Table 5’s example), that his verse similarities are more likely the result of

appropriation or plagiarism between Glúmr, an anonymous poet attributing work to Glúmr,

other poets borrowing from Glúmr, or some other combination of these possibilities.

Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s connection does not end here however,

nor even between “Gráfeldardrápa” and “Þórfinnsdrápa.” Another example of similarity

between these two poets’ work is found when my alliteration and hending data set is

examined from the perspective of hending, or the second category of smaller similarities

between couplets that I want to discuss in terms of Glúmr Geirason comparisons.87

88

89

90

87

Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa,” v. 11, p. 68

24

Table 11 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First

Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

11 hefr heitit hans veit heitit bróðir góðu


12 Veitk Vatsfjǫrðr vask* Veitk heitir vask* haska*


This comparison differs from the others in that the rhyme is the same, but the alliterations are

not and in that the rhyming variation of “heiti-“ has different meaning in each context. In

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s couplet it is used as the verb “to call, or name,” while in Glúmr

Geirason’s it is the verb “to promise.” This could mean that this example is just a convenient

aðalhending that occurred by chance or that the appropriating poet was clever enough to

make the borrowing subtler by using “heiti-“ in a different context and with a different

meaning. There remains yet another instance of hending similarity between “Gráfeldardrápa”

and “Þórfinnsdrápa” that has presented itself in my research. 91

92

93

94

Table 12 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

2 Dolgeisu dísar drótt Dolgeisu dísar drótt flótta


8 mætr minna minn mætr neyti dróttinn flótta


This example has second line hending as the subject for similarity, using “drótt-“ and “flótta”

for the aðalhending. This is not the last example in which Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld share similarity, but it is yet another reason to believe there is some

connection between these two poets and their works. One last connection between these two

88



Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 13, p. 243 91




Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 8, p. 238

25

poets remains with “Gráfeldardrápa”95

96

and “Magnúsdrápa”97

98

by Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld also sharing a repeated hending word pair.

Table 13 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

2 sverð sigr seggi sverð orðinn seggi eggjar


1 seimbrotar* segja seggjum þegi* segja seggjum eggja


Just as in the previous example, the second line aðalhending is comprised of the same

rhyming words between the two poems and, as in the previous example, Glúmr Geirason‘s

second verse is compared with a verse from Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. From the five

instances of similarity between between Glúmr Geirason and Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld

some kind of borrowing relationship can be presumed. Though the similarities are often small

or subtle, the relative frequency of similarity these two poets share is, in my opinion, unlikely

to be coincidence. It is likely that Arnórr jarlaskáld, as he should be the later skald, is the

appropriator of Glúmr Geirason’s material for his own composition, subtly incorporating

alliterations and hendings into his own work from a popular exemplar. When one poem or

poet is frequently referenced in examples like these, there is a possibility that he or she may

have been something of a classic to his or her contemporaries as well as to later poets. The

frequent borrowings which seem to be taking place from Glúmr Geirason and

“Gráfeldardrápa” could mean that he and the poem were particularly popular and could

potentially provide insight into the popular poetry of the early skalds.

2.4 Glúmr Geirason and other poets

There are yet more comparisons of Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa” with couplets by

skalds other than Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld within the hending category that can be added

95



Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Magnúsdrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 311-315, v. 1, p. 311 98

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 206-229, v. 1, p. 207

26

to the case for “Gráfeldardrápa” as either the user or subject of appropriation. So too are there

other comparisons to be made between works of Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and other poets

and poems besides Glúmr Geirason. For the purpose of this section, I will begin by

discussing Glúmr’s relationship with other poets and then proceed to analysis of Arnórr

jarlaskáld’s. The purpose of this approach is to gain a better understanding of these poets’

roles as users or subjects of appropriation or plagiarism and to see whether the word

constellation connections between these two poets is unique or if these skalds share

similarities with a wider range of poets and poems. Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa”99

100

continues to appear alongside other poems when comparing hending word pairs and the first

example of which to be presented is its comparison with Þórbjǫrn hornklofi’s “Glymdrápa”

from c.a. 900.101

102

Table 14 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Glymdrápa” by Þórbjǫrn hornklofi Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

3 slíðrtungur syngva sverðleiks slíðrtungur syngva sverðleiks ferðir

Þórbjǫrn hornklofi

7 svartskyggð seggi sverð svartskyggð seggi sverð ferðar


If the dating is correct for “Glymdrápa,” then if any appropriation were to be taking place in

this example, it would have to be on the part of Glúmr Geirason. This would not be

unprecedented if Table 6’s comparison with Egill Skallagrímsson is actually an example of

appropriation and the similarities, while small, are present. “Sverð-“ and “ferð” are once

again convenient aðalhending and it is difficult to say conclusively that this is not merely

coincidence that two rhyming words should appear together in more than one poem, but I

think it necessary to present it here as part of the larger data set of Glúmr Geirason’s

alliterative and rhyming similarities with other poets. Taken alone, none of these examples

would be anything more than purely speculative, but together I think there is indeed a case

for inter-skaldic appropriation as a compositional strategy and as an alternative to frequently

used formulae serving as aides to the composition of oral poetry. The idea of formulaic word 99



Þórbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 20-21, v. 7, p. 21 102

Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” ed. Edith Marold, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 73-90, v. 7, p. 87

27

constellations playing a role in skaldic composition does not have strong support thus far in

this study, as very few of the repeated word constellations appear in more than two different

examples from different poets in my current data set. The presence of only two similar

example couplets from two different poets further implies either coincidence or appropriation

as the most likely explanations for the similarities that I have discovered. To add to the pool

of evidence for interconnectivity between skaldic poets, Hrafn Ǫnundarson is another poet

who shares a similar hending with Glúmr Geirason’s “Gráfeldardrápa.”103

104

Hrafn’s

“Lausavísur” from c.a. 1006 contains the relevant couplet.105

Table 15 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Lausavísur” by Hrafn Ǫnundarson Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

1 því þagnar þegna - - þegna fregnum

Hrafn Ǫnundarson

3 þorna þingi þegns spǫng þingi þegns fregna


Here we have another example of similar aðalhending appearing in the second line

alliteration and rhyme. The word choice for this pair is the same, as is the placement of the

words in their respective lines, which perhaps presents a stronger case for appropriation than

the last example outside of the context of the other compared couplets. With the later dating

of Hrafn Ǫnundarson’s couplet, we can presume that if any appropriation is present that it is

used by Hrafn. The last “Gráfeldardrápa”106

107

comparison from my data set is with

“Sendibítr” by Jórunn skáldmær from the first half of the 10th

century.108

109

103



Hrafn Ǫnundarson, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 188-189, v. 3, p. 189 106



Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 53-54, v. 1, p. 53 109

Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr,” ed. Judith Jesch, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 143-149, v. 1, p. 143

28

Table 16 “Gráfeldardrápa” by Glúmr Geirason and “Sendibítr” by Jórunn skáldmær Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word





Glúmr Geirason

7 þróttar þorði þjóðum orð þorði þjóðum rjóða

Jórunn skáldmær

1 opt eisum* óþjóðar hús* eisum* óþjóðar rjóða


These are once again very similar aðalhendingar participating in the rhyme and alliteration of

their respective couplets’ second lines. The most notable variation is that the alliteration of

Jórunn’s couplet is vowel alliteration and hence she uses “óþjóðar,” while Glúmr uses

“þjóðum” and ‘þ’ alliteration and both are rhymed with “rjóða.” Since Jórunn was active

earlier than Glúmr, we can presume that in this case any appropriation that may be present in

this example is on his part. With the addition of this example, there are a total of twelve

separate instances where Glúmr Geirason’s couplets share similar word constellations with

other poets; ten of which are found in couplets from “Gráfeldardrápa” and six share

similarities with Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. From this, I think it is reasonable to assume that

tradition of appropriation is at play relating to Glúmr Geirason, Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld,

and “Gráfeldardrápa.” A more extensive survey of the relationship between works by these

poets would be especially edifying along with a closer look at “Gráfeldardrápa” and its

relationship to other skaldic poetry. From the data that I have thus far collected, I would say

that there is a very strong possibility that appropriation has been used as a tool for oral

composition. Glúmr Geirason seems to show signs of knowledge of and appropriation from

earlier poets’ works and, in turn, later skalds, particularly Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, show

signs of the same in regard to Glúmr’s works, most notably in his case “Gráfeldardrápa.”

The frequent appearance of Glúmr Geirason and “Gráfeldardrápa” merits a brief discussion

of the background to both the poet and this particular work. Glúmr was an Icelander who

served as poet to the both Eiríkr blóðøx and his son Haraldr gráfeldr, about whom

“Gráfeldardrápa” is composed. “Gráfeldardrápa” is almost certainly a memorial poem for

Haraldr, most likely composed shortly after his death around 970. The original length of the

poem is not clear, but some suspect that only a third of it survives and there is some

uncertainty about which stanzas should be considered part of “Gráfeldardrápa,” as there is

29

some confusion between Glúmr Geirason´s poems about Haraldr and Eiríkr.110

If it is the case

that a significant part of the poem is missing, then there is a real possibility that much more

appropriation may have taken place than can be proved by existing sources. The first four

examples of extended word constellation similarity discussed in this paper, alongside the

many alliterative and hending word-pair examples centering on Glúmr Geirason seem to

support the appropriation compositional strategy, but are such similarities found with any

great significance within the works of other poets?

2.5 Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s name appears the most often of all poets in my data set which

includes these smaller similarities between poets. Arnórr Þórðarson was an Icelander who

served as a poet to King Knútr inn ríki and the jarls of the Orkneys Rǫgnvaldr and Þorfinnr.

He also spent time in Norway during the reigns of Magnús Óláfsson and Haraldr Sigurðarson

and he later composed memorial poems about them. Most of his work is memorial poetry for

the Orkney jarls and kings of Norway, but he is also known of his composition of

“Hrynhenda,” notable for its hrynhent meter.111

As he is an 11th

century poet, it is naturally

the case that he would have a potentially larger corpus of skaldic poetry to draw upon for

appropriation than his earlier counterparts, but Arnórr, if his dating to the 11th

century and the

authorship of his poetry are correct, would still have been relying on an oral tradition of

poetry passed on by word of mouth, largely without the help of writing other than the

occasional runic message. Presuming his dating and authorship to be correct, if Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld is truly borrowing from other poets, and not just the victim of a large

number of coincidental similarities between his work and others, then this says a great deal

about the culture of oral transmission of poetry from the 9th

to 11th

centuries in Scandinavia.

In order to have appropriated from the large number of different poems and poets that Arnórr

jarlaskáld seems to have done, he would have had to have come into contact with a vast

number of different poems through oral transmission. The following examples of Arnórr

jarlaskáld’s word pair similarities with other poems lend credence to this possibility.

110

Alison Finlay, ed., “Glúmr Geirason,” in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 245-268, p. 245-246 111

“Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 177-281, p. 177

30

The first of these examples comes from Arnórr jarlaskáld’s “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa” from

the 11th

century112

113

and Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson’s “Lausavísur” from c.a. 965.114

Once again in this example, Arnórr jarlaskáld is the later poet and likely user of appropriation

if it is indeed in play in this particular instance.

Table 17 “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Lausavísur” by Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson Poet Verse First

Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






5 Rauðar randir rimmu Rauðar síðan Yggr byggðir

Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson

2 Rauðk randa rítorms Rauðk gœði rítorms víti


These two alliterating words fulfill the same roles and take the same positions in their

respective lines in both of the example poems and both have a “rauð-“ variant participate in

the first line hending. The meter is different for these two poems, specifically Arnórr

jarlaskáld’s is dróttkvætt while Þorleifr´s is hrynhent, but as both forms have the same pattern

of hending and alliteration the difference in meter is not as important within the context of

this study with alliteration and hending as the primary factors. The next examples share both

alliteration and first line hending between the two couplets. The first is once again from

“Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld from the 11th

century115

116

and the second

comes once again from Þórbjǫrn hornklofi’s “Glymdrápa” from c.a. 900.117

118

112

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 306-311,v. 5, p. 307 113

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2009), 181-206, v. 5, p. 189 114

Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 133-134, v. 2, p. 133 115


Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 6, p. 236 117

Þórbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” v. 5, p. 21 118

Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” ed. Edith Marold, v. 5, p. 84

31

Table 18 “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld “Glymdrápa” by Þórbjǫrn hornklofi Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word






6 rausnarmaðr

119

ræsis reiðr rausnarmaðr ræsis reiðr skeiðum


5 rausn ræsi réð* rausn ræsi egglituðr* seggir


These examples share very little contextually, but a great deal when examined by alliteration

and hending. The cross-over between first line alliteration and hending puts this example into

category of intermediate similarity and makes it somewhat stronger evidence for

appropriation. Once again Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld is the later skald of the two and would

likely be drawing upon Þórbjǫrn hornklofi’s work for inspiration for his own poem. The last

example from “Glymdrápa” appeared in Table 14 where Glúmr Geirason may have

appropriated some of the poem for “Gráfeldardrápa.” This would mean that Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld may have borrowed from the same early skald that Glúmr Geirason did while at the

same time borrowing from Glúmr himself and could once again support the possible

existence of a kind of ‘canon,’ or well-known poetry and poets that are more frequently

referenced than others by early skalds. This would also imply that there were different

popular works for different generations of skalds with some remaining popular through

multiple generations. There is another comparison between Þórbjǫrn hornklofi’s

“Glymdrápa” 120

121

and Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, this time with the poem “Erfidrápa om

kong Harald hårdråde” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld.122

123

119

Diana Whaley‘s edition has “rausnarmannr.” 120

Þórbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” v. 6, p. 21 121

Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa,” ed. Edith Marold, v. 6, p. 85 122

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,” v. 14, p. 324 123

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Haraldsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 11, p. 272

32

Table 19 “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld “Glymdrápa” by Þórbjǫrn hornklofi Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word






14 hjalmþrimu hilmir hlítstyggr hjalmþrimu hilmir hlítstyggr lítit


6 hjalmtamiðr hilmir Holm-reyðar

hjalmtamiðr hilmir holmreyðar olman


As in the Table 10 example, compounds with the root “hjalm-” both alliterate and form a first

line skothending with “hilmir.” Because of the recurrence of this similarity, albeit in reverse

order, it possible that rather than appropriation, or at least solely appropriation in this case,

some kind of alliterating and rhyming formula is at work for describing “hilmir” with

compounds including “hjalm-.” The next example comes again from “Hrynhenda,

Magnúsdrápa” 124

125

and the anonymous “Oddmjór” from the 10th

century.126

127

Table 20 “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and the Anonymous “Oddmjór” Poet Verse First Allit.


Third Allit. Word






4 skjǫldungr skǫrum skeiðar skjǫldungr hvélðan

128 skeiðar reiði

Anonymous 1 Skjǫldungr skildi Skeiðar-brand

Skjǫldungr skildi Skeiðar-

brand landi


This example is unique in that it shares first and third alliterating words, but not the second.

The alliterating words (potentially) participate in their respective lines’ hending pairs as well,

which makes this, like the previous example, a slightly more significant comparison. Though

anonymous, it would seem that “Oddmjór,” may have come to the attention of Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld sometime in the following century and perhaps was incorporated in his

124

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” v. 4, p. 306-307 125

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 4, p. 187 126

Anonymous, “Oddmjór,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 167, v. 1, p. 167 127

Anonymous, “Oddmjór,” ed. R.D. Fulk, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 1001-1002, v. 1, p. 1001 128

Diana Whaley‘s edition has “hvéldan.”

33

“Hrynhenda.” The next example is again from “Þórfinnsdrápa,”129

130

but this time it is paired

with a couplet from Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir’s “Lausavísur” from c.a. 985.131

132

Table 21 “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Lausavísur” by Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir Poet Verse First

Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






25 trúra tyggja Torf-

Einars trúra dýrum Torf-Einars meinum

Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir

10 trúr tyggja tveim trúr dýrum skjǫldum aldri


The case continues to build for Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld as a rather prolific borrower from

past works. These couplets share not only first line alliterating words, but their first line

hending is identical as well, even though its second word is not a part of the alliteration. In

their respective lines, these three words are almost identical, differing only in the

grammatical form of “trúr-“ and in that Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir has the word “vask”

between “trúr” and “tyggja.”


Ættbœti firr ítran

allríks, en biðk líkna

trúra tyggja dýrum,

Torf-Einars goð meinum. 133

134

Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir

…trúr vask tyggja dýrum,

tveim skjǫldum lékk aldri,

fyllik flokk þinn stillir,

fellr á hendr mér elli. 135

136

These examples have stronger similarities than any since the first four strongest repeated

word constellations earlier in this paper and they strengthen the possibility for appropriation

being a compositional strategy for at least Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, if not other skalds as

well. A great many similarities also appear between the works of Óttarr svarti and Arnórr

Þórðarson of varying degrees of subtlety. Once again, many of the following examples would

129



Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 62-65, v. 10, p. 64 132

Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, “Lausavísur,” ed. Russell Poole, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 213-235, v. 10, p. 229 133



Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir, “Lausavísur,” v. 10, p. 64 136

Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, “Lausavísur,” ed. Russell Poole, v. 10, p. 229

34

likely not hold much significance alone, but taken as part of a larger whole, they can together

make a better case for inter-connectedness of different skaldic works.

2.6 Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and Óttarr svarti

These two poets both composed during the 11th

century and therefore it is possible that each

could have been aware of the other’s works. The comparison to be reviewed here comes from

Arnórr Þórðarson’s “Hrynhenda” from sometime in the 11th

century137

138

and Óttarr svarti’s

“Hǫfuðlausn” from c.a. 1023.139

140

The non-specific dating of Arnórr Þórðarson’s poetry

makes it more difficult to determine which poet has a great chance of being influenced by the

other, but judging from past examples within this paper, the more likely candidate for use of

appropriation would be Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. It is certainly possible that either poet

could have borrowed from the other in the following cases, but the weight of evidence for

such behavior is thus far on Arnórr’s shoulders.

Table 22 “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti

Poet Verse First Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






7 Ungan eyðir ulfa Ungan þrøngva gráðar ráði

Óttarr svarti

12 ungr eyða ógnteitr Nǫ́ðuð eyða ógnteitr Peitu


This table displays a rather minor similarity in that the two couplets share only the first two

words of the vowel alliteration. Both these examples are from the first couplet of a helming in

their respective poems and are similarly addressing a young warrior or king, but share little

other than theme in common. Like these couplets, the next example also shares a word pair

which participates in the first line vowel alliterations, but, like a number of examples

previously discussed in this paper, it shares a larger similarity in that both of the alliterating

137

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” v. 7, p. 307 138


Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 268-272, v. 12, p. 270 140

Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” ed. Matthew Townend, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 738-767, v. 12, p. 755

35

words also comprise the first line hending word pair. This comparison is between

“Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti 141

142

and “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. 143

144

Table 23 “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






13 eigi ægi ofvægjan eigi ægi ofvægjan bægja

Óttarr svarti

14 Eigi ægi ér Eigi ægi fóruð stóran


Each word appears in the same position in their respective couplets’ first lines with “eigi” as

the first word and “ægi” as the last. The next comparison is once again between Arnórr

Þórðarson’s “Hrynhenda”145

146

and Óttarr svarti’s “Hǫfuðlausn.”147

148



Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






12 hvergi hallir heiðit þorði varða heiðit breiðu

Óttarr svarti

6 þorðut þér þjóðlǫnd þorðut varða þjóðlǫnd rǫndu


Unlike the previous two example comparisons, these couplets share no alliteration in

common, but have the same first line skothending. Once again I would like to make the point

that, alone, these similarities are small and easily dismissed; but amongst the increasingly

large number of these reused or suspiciously similar word constellations found in the works

of different skalds, a trend is clearly emerging. While it probably true that not every one of

141

Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” v. 14, p. 271 142

Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” ed. Matthew Townend, v. 15, p. 760 143






Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” ed. Matthew Townend, v. 7, p. 749

36

the couplet comparisons which appear in this paper is the result of appropriation between

skalds, there is a high probability that at least some of them are. This does not necessarily

mean that there was a prevalent culture of borrowing between different skalds in the medieval

north, but it does seem to have had a presence within the community of skalds active from the

9th

to 11th

centuries at least. The next example includes line similarities between three

couplets by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and one from Óttarr svarti. The participating poems

are “Hǫfuðlausn,” 149

150

“Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,”151

152

and “Magnúsdrápa.”153

154

Table 25 “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde” and “Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti

Poet Verse and Poem 155

First Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word



First Hend.Word, Second Line



7 E ætt yngvi Upp-

lendinga Gengr yngvi

Upp-lendinga

brendi


12 E Uppgǫngu yngvi ítr Uppgǫngu yngvi ítr lítinn


16 M Uppgǫngu yngvi Auð-

lógandi Uppgǫngu yngvi

Auðlógandi156

gnógan

Óttarr svarti

10 H Atgǫngu Yngvi ætt Atgǫngu Yngvi siklinga mikla


The frequent occurrence of “yngvi” as the second alliterating word of the first line each

respective couplet, alongside the use of a variation on the root “gang-,” most frequently in

this case “gǫngu,” characterizes these examples. The “ganga” variations form a skothending

with “yngvi” for the first line rhyme as well. Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld seems especially

taken up with this rhyming word pair and alliteration participant and uses it three times and in

two different poems, while Óttarr svarti’s use of the same is remarkably similar to Arnórr

Þórðarson’s, most significantly in the “Uppgǫngu” examples. “Erfidrápa om kong Harald

149



Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,” v. 7, p. 323, v. 12, p. 324 152

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Haraldsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 5, p. 265, v. 10, p. 271 153

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Magnúsdrápa,” v. 16, p. 315 154

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 16, p. 225 155

E=“Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,” M= “Magnúsdrápa,” H= “Hǫfuðlausn” 156

Diana Whaley‘s edition has “arflógandi gnógan.”

37

hårdråde” is dated to c.a. 1067 for its date of composition,

157 therefore, unless Arnórr

Þórðarson is borrowing from his own potentially earlier work, it most likely that in this case

that if any appropriation is being used it is on the part of Arnórr Þórðarson. It is also notable

that Arnórr Þórðarson’s verse 7 first alliteration “ætt” is the same as Óttarr svarti’s verse 10’s

third alliteration. This means that all three alliterating words of these couplets are shared

between the two poets, but throughout three of Arnórr’s stanzas and two of his poems.

Curiously, this particular couplet by Óttarr svarti participates in another similarity

comparison with a couplet from Arnórr Þórðarson’s “Hrynhenda.”158

159



Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






9 Síðan suðr siklingr Síðan suðr/láði siklingr miklum

Óttarr svarti

10 Atgǫngu Yngvi ætt Atgǫngu Yngvi siklinga mikla


While this is not as telling a similarity as the previous example, the recurrence of Óttarr

svarti’s tenth verse from “Hǫfuðlausn” sharing a similarity with one of Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld’s poems is definitely worthy of note. The following three examples contain similar

word pairs between “Hǫfuðlausn,” 160

161

and “Magnúsdrápa.” 162

163

157

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde,” 322 158



Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” v. 1, p. 268, v. 18, p. 272 161

Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” ed. Matthew Townend, v. 1, p. 741, v. 19, p. 765 162

Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Magnúsdrápa,” v. 4, p. 312, v. 7, p. 312-313 163

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 4, p. 212, v. 7, p. 216

38

Table 27 “Magnúsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






7 engr annarr áðr engr þengill áðr láði

Óttarr svarti

18 engr elda áðr engr þrøngvir áðr láði


4 Nóregs njóta nýtr létat njóta þengill lengi

Óttarr svarti

1 dǫglings dýrka dýr verk dýrka þengill lengi


The first of the above examples shares “engr” and “áðr” as each poem’s respective first and

third alliteration. Interestingly both alliterations take part in their respective line’s hending in

the first word of each rhyming pair and each poem shares the same second line, second

rhyming word “láði.” The second example has fewer words in common, but the similar words

participate in the second line aðalhending and both example pairs have exactly the same

forms for each repeated word. Just as in Table 25, the next example has multiple similarities

from Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s poems also found in Óttarr svarti’s. The relevant couplets

for this example are once again from “Hǫfuðlausn,”164

165

and “Magnúsdrápa,”166

167

alongside one from “Þórfinnsdrápa.”168

169

164

Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn,” v. 9, p. 269-270 165


Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Magnúsdrápa,” v. 6, p. 312, v. 9, p. 313 167

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 6, p. 215, v. 9, p. 218 168


Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Þórfinnsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 12, p. 243

39

Table 28 “Magnúsdrápa” and “Þórfinnsdrápa” by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld and “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti

Poet Verse and Poem 170

First Allit. Word

Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






6 M ǫld* œsi* Jótlandi fús* œsi* Jótlandi branda


9 M valska víðu Vestlandi rauð víðu Vestlandi branda


18 Þ Harri hverri Hjaltlands Harri hverri Hjaltlands branda

Óttarr svarti

9 H laut létti lands laut létti lands171 branda


In this instance, it is the second line aðalhending that shares the most similarities between

these poems, although it would seem that “land-“ and “branda” would be a common enough

word pair within heroic Old Norse poetry in general. What is most interesting is that the

second line alliterating words, although all beginning with different letters, include the word

“land-“ on its own in Óttarr svarti’s case or as the latter part of a compound. The final

example of similarity between the works of these two skalds includes couplets from

“Hǫfuðlausn” 172

173

and “Hrynhenda.”174

175



Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word






4 skjǫldungr skǫrum skeiðar skjǫldungr hvélðan skeiðar reiði

Óttarr svarti

15 skatti skreyttu skeið skatti skreyttu skeið reiði


170

Þ= “Þórfinnsdrápa.“ M= “Magnúsdrápa,” H= “Hǫfuðlausn” 171

Matthew Townend’s edition has “landfolk.” 172



Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” v. 4, p. 306-307 175

Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa,” ed. Diana Whaley, v. 4, p. 187

40

In this final pair of couplets, it’s the second line alliteration and hending that are shared

between these two poets. With the addition of this example, there are a total of nine different

instances where a poem by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld shares common word constellations

with Óttarr svarti’s “Hǫfuðlausn.” Add this to the six similarities with Glúmr Geirason and

the five with other poets; including one with Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir, one with the

anonymous author of “Oddmjór,” another with Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson and two

more with Þórbjǫrn hornklofi’s “Glymdrápa,” all of whom are likely earlier sources from

which Arnórr could conceivably borrow, and a significant body of evidence for this method

of composition is constructed. It is certainly a possibility that a large enough number of these

are coincidence and that no pattern truly exists, or that the authorship of a number of these

couplets is incorrect and in fact the result of later scribes filling in missing verses, but it

seems unlikely to me that either of these is the case. At least in the case of Arnórr Þórðarson

jarlaskáld there seems to be a definite pattern of appropriation from earlier works. Two a

lesser degree, this is also true of Glúmr Geirason and the other poets discussed earlier in this

paper, especially in the cases of the first four very similar poems. Glúmr Geirason’s poems

show signs of both borrowing from earlier works as well as being borrowed from by an

assortment of later poets.

2.7 Óttarr svarti

Because of the uncertain dating of Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld’s poetry to later in the 11th

century, we can presume that for the majority of the previous comparisons between the two

poets it is Arnórr who is instigating most of the appropriation, but what of Óttarr svarti? Does

he show any sign of using the same possible method for oral composition by borrowing from

his own certain predecessors? To find out if this method may have been used by Óttarr as

well, we will now look a few more comparisons in which Óttarr svarti shares similarities with

earlier poets. But first, it would help to provide a little background on Óttarr svarti, as he is a

significant poet to this study. Óttarr was considered an important skald of the late Viking Age

and served as poet to Sveinn tjúguskegg Haraldsson, Knútr inn ríki Sveinsson, Óláfr sœnski

Eiríksson, Ǫnundr Óláfsson, King Óláfr inn helgi Haraldsson, and Dala-Guðbrandr. Óttarr

svarti is best known for his poem “Hǫfuðlausn,” which appears frequently in this paper,

composed in honor of King Óláfr Haraldsson of Norway and influenced, in regard to the

King‘s viking expeditions, by his friend and possible uncle Sigvatr Þórðarson‘s

41

“Víkingrvísur.”176

This reliance on earlier poetry could be a good indicator that examples

might be found of Óttarr appropriating alliteration or hending from other earlier works. The

first examples that could evidence Óttarr svarti’s use of appropriation within his own poetry

come from the poems “Hǫfuðlausn” from c.a. 1023177

178

and “Hákonardrápa” by Goþþormr

sindri from the 10th

century.179

180

Table 30 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Hákonardrápa” by Goþþormr sindri


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti

5 svanbræðir síðan Svíþjóðar svanbræðir síðan Svíþjóðar hrjóða

Goþþormr sindri

1 svangœðir síðan sótti181 svangœðir síðan sótti flótta


These couplets share first line alliterating and hending words with variations on “svan-“

compounds and “síðan” participating in both. Just as with the previous examples, there is a

possibility that, taken alone, this could be purely coincidence, but the similarly suffigated

nouns “svanbræðir” and “svangœðir” make this less likely, especially when coupled with the

additional examples which have presented themselves in my data and merit adding to the

body of evidence. The next such is from “Hǫfuðlausn” and a “Lausavísur” by Egill

Skallagrímsson from c.a. 925.182

Table 31 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Lausavísur” by Egill Skallagrímsson


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 13 Valfasta vestan veðrǫrr Valfasta vestan veðrǫrr knǫrru


11 Valkǫstum vestan vang Valkǫstum vestan vang Merkis-tangir


176

“Ottarr svarti,” ed. Matthew Townend, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 738-789, p. 738-740 177




Guthormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa,” ed. Russell Poole, v. 1, p. 157 181

Russell Poole’s edition has “sótt” for third alliteration and first hending of the second line. 182

Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” v. 11, p. 44-45

42

Like the previous example, these couplets share a “val-“ compound as their first alliterating

word and “vestan” as the second. Both participate in the first line skothending as well as the

alliteration and the use of the same compound root for the first alliteration and the same word

for the second mirrors the previous example surprisingly closely. In both of these examples,

the couplets by Óttarr svarti should be much younger than those by Egill Skallagrímsson and

Goþþormr sindri and, as such, this would imply that any borrowing at play in these examples

is being done by Óttarr. The next example of word constellation similarity is shared by Óttarr

and two other poets, both contemporary and earlier. Couplets from “Lausavísur,” by Bjǫrn

Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi from c.a. 1019,183

“Lausavísur” by Torf-Einarr jarl from c.a.

900,184

185

and “Hǫfuðlausn,” again from c.a. 1023 share these similarities with one another.

Table 32 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti, “Lausavísur” by Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi and “Lausavísur” by Torf-Einarr jarl


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 1 yðr annan allvaldr finnum annan allvaldr fallinn

Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi

14 en út allhvass en hrannir allhvass falla

Torf-Einarr jarl 5 ungs Eyjum allvalds - - allvalds falli


Óttarr svarti and his contemporary Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi share the root “all-“ for

their second line alliteration and have forms of “fall-“ paired with “all-“ for their second line

aðalhending. As the two poems are composed very closely together, albeit slightly earlier for

Bjǫrn Arngeirsson, the poets would have had a good chance to be familiar with one another’s

works and Óttarr svarti could have borrowed some alliteration and hending ideas from his

contemporaries slightly earlier work. When compared to Torf-Einarr’s much earlier

composition however, it is apparent that the similarities between the two couplets are much

greater. Óttarr svarti and Torf-Einarr’s couplets share “allvald-“ as their second line

alliterating word and pair it with forms of “fall-.“ It is possible that the two later poets were

183

Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi, “Lausavísur,” v. 14, p. 280 184

Torf-Einarr jarl, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 27-28, v. 5, p. 28 185

Torf-Einarr Rǫgnvaldsson, “Lausavísur,” ed. Russell Poole, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 129-138, v. 2, p. 133

43

inspired by their predecessor from the previous century or from one another, but whatever the

case may be there is a good argument here for interconnectivity and potential borrowing

between these poets and their works. The next instance where appropriation by Óttarr svarti

might be underway is in “Hǫfuðlausn” and Kormákr Ǫgmundarson’s “Sigurðardrápa” from

c.a. 960.186

Table 33 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Sigurðardrápa” by Kormákr Ǫgmundarson


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 10 aldar aldri eldr aldar aldri eldr beldir

Kormákr Ǫgmundarson

4 gekk gjallan Gauts Svall gjallan eld beldi


Only the second line aðalhending shares any similarity in this verse and, again, alone the

hending word pair of “eld-“ and “beld-“ could easily be no more than coincidence and

unworthy of any special consideration, but for the sake of the greater argument there is a

chance that this similarity resulted from Óttarr’s appropriation of the hending from the earlier

Kormákr. Another example comes from “Hǫfuðlausn” and “Sendibítr” by Jórunn skáldmær

from the first half of the 10th

century.187

188

Table 34 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Sendibítr” by Jórunn skáldmær


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 11 guldut gunnar goll guldut sjaldan goll þollar

Jórunn skáldmær

4 geðharðir gerðu golls geðharðir gerðu golls þollum


These couplets share ‘g’ alliteration and the second line alliteration and first word of a

hending pair “goll-,“ which is accompanied by “þoll-“ as the second hending word. The

combined second line alliteration and hending always add an additional degree of similarity

when they occur together and by this standard, these couplets share more in common than the

186

Kormákr Ǫgmundarson, “Sigurðardrápa,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 69-70, v. 4, p. 69 187

Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr,” v. 4, p. 53 188

Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr,” ed. Judith Jesch, v. 4, p. 148

44

previous example. The next comparison comes again from Kormákr Ǫgmundarson’s

“Sigurðardrápa” from c.a. 960, 189

but this time it is paired with a couplet from a “Lausavísur”

by Óttarr svarti.190

191

Table 35 “Lausavísur” by Óttarr svarti and “Sigurðardrápa” by Kormákr Ǫgmundarson


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 1 mær markar meir mær stjóri meir fleira

Kormákr Ǫgmundarson

5 mǫg mæran meir gerik mæran meir fleira


As in the previous example, these couplets share their second line alliteration and hending.

Identical forms of “meir” and “fleira” comprise the third word of each couplet’s ‘m’

alliteration and each second line’s aðalhending. Each word also has the same position in their

respective lines, specifically as the first and last words of their lines. The next two couplets

for comparison come once again from “Hǫfuðlausn”192

193

and “Lausavísur” by Egill

Skallagrímsson from c.a. 925.194

Table 36 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Lausavísur” by Egill Skallagrímsson


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 9 Engla jǫrðu ótt ferð jǫrðu ótt flótta


9 Áleifr jǫfri ótt Áleifr jǫfri ótt flótta


These two verses share vowel alliteration and the second line, third alliterating word “ótt”

which also participates in the second line hending with “flótta.” The forms are once again

identical in both couplets, as is their place as the first and last words of their lines. Also worth

189

Kormákr Ǫgmundarson, “Sigurðardrápa,”v. 5, p. 69 190

Ottarr svarti, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 275, v. 1, p. 275 191

Ottarr svarti, “Lausavísur,” ed. Matthew Townend and R.D. Fulk, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2, ed. Diana Whaley, Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012), 783-789, v. 1, p. 784 192



Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur,” v. 9, p. 44

45

mentioning about this example is the similar sounds of the first line, second alliterating words

“jǫrðu” and “jǫfri” which share the “jǫ” beginning sound and ‘j’ alliteration. This particular

verse by Óttarr svarti is the same verse that appears in Table 28 from earlier in this paper and

Egill Skallagrímsson’s appears in Table 6, both as likely objects of appropriation by other

skalds. Again “Hǫfuðlausn” participates in the next example, alongside Þórhallr veiðimaðr’s

“Lausavísur” from c.a. 1003.195

Again, as an earlier composition, this couplet by Þórhallr has

the potential to be the subject of appropriation by Óttarr svarti.

Table 37 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “Lausavísur” by Þórhallr veiðimaðr


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 15 þú Þróttar þings sóttir Þróttar þings hingat

Þórhallr veiðimaðr

1 mik meiðar malmþings kvǫ́ðu meiðar malmþings hingat


Once again, these couplets share second line alliteration and hending word pairs. Also, as in

earlier examples, the third alliterating words for each couplet are actually different

alliterations, but both contain “þings” as either a standalone word or the second part of a

compound. These “þings” are paired with “hingat” to form the second line aðalhending. This

brings us to the last comparison involving Óttarr svarti and an earlier poet which I have

discovered in my data collection. The final comparison is between Óttarr svarti’s

“Hǫfuðlausn”196

197

and the nearly contemporary Bersi Skáldtorfuson’s “En flok om kong

Olaf” from c.a. 1020, three years earlier than “Hǫfuðlausn.”198

195

Þórhallr veiðimaðr, “Lausavísur,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 182, v. 1, p. 182 196



Bersi Skáldtorfuson, “En flok om kong Olaf,” in Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind, ed. Finnur Jónsson, (København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973), 255-256, v. 2, p. 255

46

Table 38 “Hǫfuðlausn” by Óttarr svarti and “En flok om kong Olaf” by Bersi Skáldtorfuson


Second Allit. Word

Third Allit. Word





Óttarr svarti 14 Eigi ægi ér Eigi ægi fóruð stóran

Bersi Skáldtorfuson

2 svaltungur* sungu* saman svaltungur* sungu* fórum stórar


In this final example, only the second line hending words are the same and a number of

reconstructed words are present in Bersi’s couplet. The similarities are present here however,

although they are small, and thus this example can be added to the body of possible evidence

for appropriation on the part of Óttarr svarti. Verse 14 of “Hǫfuðlausn” also took part in

another comparison in Table 23 with a verse by Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld earlier in this

paper, which is worthy of note. So far in this paper, there has been evidence that Glúmr

Geirason, Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, and Óttarr svarti most prolifically, as well as a number

of other poets, potentially borrowed certain alliteration and hending word combinations from

earlier skalds and incorporated those words and phrases both subtly and sometimes seemingly

blatantly into their own poetry. The first four examples, and to a slightly lesser degree the

fifth as well, all show significant signs of this appropriation, as well as the following

examples to varying lesser degrees. With the smaller examples involving only small word

constellations, word pairs, or repeated single line hending and alliteration combinations, the

sheer abundance of such examples, especially when they appear more than once between the

same authors or poems, is what indicates the potential for appropriation even when it

involves only small or subtle borrowings. There exist just from my own analysis of almost

3000 lines of skaldic poetry many more examples of similarity between different poets and

poems from the 9th

to 11th

centuries and a few more possibly from the 12th

. While I can by no

means discuss all the collected examples from my research in this paper, I think it would be

edifying to give a brief overview of the comparison data that I cannot discuss at this time.

47

3 Data Overview and Analysis

Out of 1486 couplets from poetry of relevant meter, although a few lines of some of the

poems did not always have both hending and alliteration to analyze, there are 240 examples

of similarities between couplets by different skalds. This is roughly 16% of the analyzed

couplets that share similarity in alliteration or hending word constellations with other poems

by different authors. 37 different named skalds and five different anonymous poems are

represented with varying frequency in the word constellation similarity data set and 16 of

these appear more than three times with different comparisons. This is from the original pool

of 68 different skalds and 19 anonymous poems. Assuming the anonymous poems have

different authors, about 48.3% of the poets share alliteration and hending similarity with at

least one other poet in at least one couplet, frequently more than one. This means that nearly

half of all the skalds with couplets which I have analyzed for this paper have at least the

potential to have participated as either the object, or user, of appropriation. This is of course

an oversimplification, as a statistician could surely come up with a more accurate way to

incorporate the number of times each poet appears, the length of their poems, the times of

composition, and various other data into a more accurate and statistically significant analysis,

but I think that even if this study falls short of definitely proving the use of appropriation as

an oral compositional strategy for skaldic poetry, it still makes a good case for the existence

of such methods throughout the period of oral skaldic composition. In order to form a clearer

picture of how this kind of appropriation might play a role throughout the breadth of the

entire corpus of skaldic poetry would require an analysis of the alliteration and hending of a

much larger number of couplets, if not the entire corpus. A complete study with advanced

statistical analysis would be ideal of course, but there is still a lot that can be gained from this

study and sample size and, whether or not one is convinced of the presence of appropriation

as a relatively common method for aiding in the oral composition of skaldic poetry, there is

definitely enough evidence here to merit further inquiry.

3.1 Composition, Formulae, and Authorship

The potential use of appropriation as a compositional strategy can result in both the

somewhat obvious similarities between different couplets seen toward the beginning of this

paper, as well as the more subtle instances that occur much more frequently in my study.

Without analyzing alliteration and hending, these similar word constellations are by no means

48

obvious and thus, if borrowing between poets was indeed a compositional strategy, they

allow for a great degree of individuality and uniqueness for each poet and their work. Subtly

modifying convenient alliterations and hendings to better fit the circumstances and metrical

considerations of different poems would have allowed skalds a great deal of leeway in

implementing such appropriated words and this would provide a framework of use that also

allows for originality in composition. As Elena Gurevich states in her article on “The system

of kennings;” “Normally, skalds do not create entirely new kennings but constantly re-create

the already existing traditional kennings, only providing them with a new verbal form.”199

The kenning system thus required skalds to use “a traditional language of kennings…” but

still allowed for, and encouraged, variation in composition.200

There does not appear to be a traditional vocabulary of alliteration and hending word

constellations to guide skalds as there is with heiti for kenning, but variation does seem to be

prevalent even if appropriation is in use in the aforementioned examples and the rest of the

data set. Because there are very few examples of these similarities occuring more than

between just two different poems or poets, it seems unlikely that the similar word

constellations are the result of an oral compositional method of formulaic phrases or word

combinations being reused by multiple skalds. If such formulae had existed in skaldic

composition, they would have limited the originality of compositions and perhaps, as

Gurevich argues is the case for kenning, variation and individuality were important enough to

Old Norse skalds that frequently occuring phrases and word combinations were unpopular.

The ability to appropriate a skilled alliteration or hending or combination thereof into a new,

different, and unique work, would have provided aide in the oral composition of skaldic

verse, while at the same time giving leeway for variation and orginality.

Appropriation when done subtly or altered significantly to create a unique and independent

work within a different poetic context might have been viewed as acceptable or perhaps went

unnoticed to the audience, but blatant plagiarism is thought to have existed from skalds like

Auðunn illskælda201

and Eyvindr skáldaspillir202

from the 9th

and 10th

centuries respectively,

both of whom potentially used another poet’s work in their own composition and may have

199

Gurevich, “The System of Kennings,” 140-141 200

Gurevich, “The System of Kennings,” 141 201

Nordisk familjebok (1904:385), http://runeberg.org/nfbb/0219.html, Website Last Modified. 12.13.14 202

Diana Whaley, “Skaldic Poetry,” in A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture, ed. Rory McTurk (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005) Kindle Edition, 479-501, 479

49

earned their nick-names because of this plagiarism. Skaldic poets were concerned enough

with authorship and aware enough of other people’s compositions that they could both

plagiarize and identify plagiarism as the situation demanded. This knowledge of the skaldic

corpus would have provided the basis for skalds like those that I have already mentioned to

appropriate from one another and know enough to make subtler uses of whatever they may

have borrowed. It is also true that the audience’s knowledge of the skaldic corpus would have

necessitated that any borrowed or appropriated lines from other works would have to be

clever enough and unique enough to pass their scrutiny or perhaps brazen enough to be

considered a quotation, reworking, or paraphrase from a popular skald, rather than

plagiarism. If the aforementioned poets in this paper wished to avoid labels like “bad-poet” or

“poet-spoiler” themselves, then the subtletly of the majority of the alliteration and hending

word combinations is all the more reasonable. This would also imply that any tradition of

appropriation that existed would not necessarily have been something that poets wanted each

other to know about; even if a significant number participated in this compositional method,

variation and originality were prized highly enough that such methods would not be widely

encouraged. A simpler way to summarize this phenomenon is perhaps that skalds simply

sought inspiration from one another’s works and sought to incorporate useful or clever word

constellations into their own alliteration and hending. Plagiarism is too strong a term for the

majority of these examples and thus appropriation or borrowing are the most appropriate

ways to describe the phenomenon central to this paper.

3.2 Conclusion

It has been my goal for this study to determine whether oral formulae played any role in the

composition of skaldic poetry or if some other compositional strategy can be reconstructed

from data collected on alliteration and hending word constellations from skaldic poetry. It is

my conclusion that little or no oral formulae can be said to have been used in skaldic

composition in relation to alliterative and hending word constellations. This includes the

definition of oral formulae by Milman Parry as translated by Frog, “…the formula can be

defined as an expression which is regularly used, under the same metrical conditions, to

express a particular essential idea…”203

or any variation thereupon which allows for the

frequent reuse of useful word constellations or phrases involving hending or alliteration. This

can said to be true because of the relatively infrequent number of recurrences of the same

203

Frog, "Speech-acts in skaldic verse: Genre, compositional strategies and improvisation," 234

50

word constellations between many different skalds. Most of these recurrent word

constellations are found only between two different poets or possibly multiple times in one

poets’ works, but still only between two individual poets. Rather than oral formulae, it seems

the repetition observed from the collected data indicates that inter-skaldic poetic knowledge

likely led to the appropriation of some carefully chosen alliterating or rhyming word

combinations from one poet´s work into another’s. There is the possibility that this could

indeed be the result of formulae, but that a large enough portion of the corpus has been lost

that only pairs of similar couplets remain to be found. This seems unlikely however, as there

is no reason to suspect that oral transmission would favor two couplet pairs over more

frequent repetitions and, as such, appropriation seems, once again, the more likely reason for

these similarities. It would also be reasonable to expect exceptions where more than three

similar couplets appear, without them being representative of oral formulae. These phrases

can not be said to be reccurrent formulaic patterns, but could indicate that appropriation and

sometimes even seemingly extensive plagiarism were used to at least some degree by a

number of skalds, most noticeably from poems and skalds dated to the 9th

through 11th

centuries throughout the Old Norse region.

Dating and authorial accuracy is always a concern when discussing skaldic poetry and a

number of these similarities could be the result of later scribes ascribing their own poetry or

reparations to missing or incomplete older poetry to earlier poets. The majority of the

collected data for this thesis comes from the poems whose dating is assigned to these

centuries, from which little to no method of recording oral poetry existed other than by word

of mouth and runic inscriptions. The majority of the poetry examined in this study is

therefore not recorded until the late 12th

century and afterwards, like almost all the skaldic

compositions from the 9th

to 12th

centuries, and therefore the accuracy of its recording after

potentially centuries of oral transmission is necessarily suspect.204

In order to determine

whether appropriation existed as an oral compositional strategy just for pre-literate or post-

literate skalds or if it is found throughout the corpus, a more extensive study of late poetry is

necessary and, indeed, a survey of the entire skaldic corpus is ideal, but as the majority of the

relevant couplets from my data set come from the 9th

to 11th

centuries it is difficult to say if

whether the similarities seen in the data are the work of the attributed authors themselves or

the later manuscript scribes alterations. The large number of these possible word constellation

204

Whaley, “Skaldic Poetry,” 488

51

similarities does, in my opinion, support the presence of appropriation as a compositional

method for skalds from the 9th

to 11th

centuries at the very least. The large number of similar

word constellations between different poets, coupled with the concept of plagiarism and the

remarkable knowledge of the skaldic corpus by contemporary skalds, creates an environment

in which subtle and not so subtle appropriation or borrowing likely existed to some degree.

The dating of this method of assistance to oral composition is much less concrete and in order

to discover if these similarities are found potentially in later poetry as well as early would

require further research.

Difficulties with dating the oral compositional technique of appropriation aside, it my

conclusion that the many skalds mentioned in this paper, especially Glúmr Geirason, Arnórr

Þórðarson jarlaskáld, and Óttarr svarti, and those appearing in the rest of my data which

appears in the appendices, appropriated word constellations from their contemporaries and

forerunners. These appropriations differ in the manner in which they are used by these poets;

appearing both frequently and sparingly, blatantly and subtly, and differing poet to poet. The

frequent appropriation from one poet or poem could indicate that there were certain poets or

works that were more popular or well-known than others and that these became a kind of

canonical tradition to contemporary and later skalds. Appropriating from any of these works

did not mean abandoning originality or pride of composition for the appropriating poets

however, and where borrowed word constellations appear, there are, for the most part, very

different contexts, word-compounds, or other variations which alter these similar word

combinations’ meaning and purpose. This method would have allowed convenient or well

liked alliterations, hendings, or a combination of the two to be reused and altered, much like

kennings, but did not require the knowledge of the vocabulary needed for mastery of

kennings, but rather an extensive knowledge of a skald’s predecessors’ poetic works. The

various uses of appropriation and the resulting word constellation similarity between skalds

not only provides a new perspective from which to understand the oral compositional

techniques used by Old Norse poets, but also reinforces our understanding of the importance

of variation and originality to the compositions of the skalds.

52

Bibliography

Acker, Paul, “Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old

Icelandic Verse.” In Garland Studies in Medieval Literature 16. New York and

London: Garland, 1997.

Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson.

København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973.

-Anonymous, “Oddmjór.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst,

Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 167. København: Rosenkilde og

Bagger, 1973.

- Anonymous, “Om Tor.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst,


Bagger, 1973.

- Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Erfidrápa om kong Harald hårdråde.” In Den Norsk-

Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur

Jónsson, 322-326. København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973.

-Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske

Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 306-

311. København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973.

-Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Magnúsdrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



-Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Vers af ubestemmelige digte, samt én lausavísa.” In

Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by

Finnur Jónsson, 326-327. København: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973.

-Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld, “Þórfinnsdrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



- Bersi Skáldtorfuson, “En flok om kong Olaf.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



- Bjǫrn Arngeirsson hítdœlakappi, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



- Egill Skallagrímsson, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B

Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 42-53. København:

Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1973.

53

- Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske

Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 62-65.


- Gamli gnævaðarskáld, “Af et fyrstedigt el. heltedigt (?).” In Den Norsk-Islandske

Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 132.


- Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B



- Glúmr Geirason, “Kvad om Erik blodøkse.” in Den Norsk-Islandske

Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 65-66.


- Glúmr Geirason, “Lausavísa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet

Tekst, Første Bind, Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 68. København: Rosenkilde og

Bagger, 1973.

- Goþþormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B



- Gunnlaugr ormstunga Illugason, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



- Hrafn Ǫnundarson, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet

Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 188-189. København:


- Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet

Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 53-54. København: Rosenkilde

og Bagger, 1973.

- Kormákr Ǫgmundarson, “Sigurðardrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning:

B Rettet Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 69-70. København:


- Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst,

Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 268-272. København: Rosenkilde og

Bagger, 1973.

- Ottarr svarti, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet Tekst,


Bagger, 1973.

54

- Torf-Einarr jarl, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet


og Bagger, 1973.

- Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni, “Haustlǫng.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet


og Bagger, 1973.

- Þórbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet


og Bagger, 1973.

- Þórhallr veiðimaðr, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet

Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 182. København: Rosenkilde og

Bagger, 1973.

- Þorleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson, “Lausavísur.” In Den Norsk-Islandske



- Vǫlu-Steinn, “Ǫgmundardrápa.” In Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning: B Rettet

Tekst, Første Bind. Edited by Finnur Jónsson, 93. København: Rosenkilde og

Bagger, 1973.

Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning: Første bind B1 Rettet Tekst 800 – 1200. Edited by

Finnur Jónsson. http://heimskringla.no/wiki/B1_Rettet_Tekst, Website Last Modified

12.03.13

Frog, "Speech-acts in skaldic verse: Genre, compositional strategies and improvisation." In

Versatility in Versification: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Metrics. Edited by by

Tonya Kim Dewey and Frog, 223-246. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2009.

Gade, Kari Ellen, “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas.” In Text,

Vocation, and Desire in the Icelandic Sagas of Poets. Edited by by Russell Gilbert

Poole, 50-74. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001.

Gurevich, Elena A., “The System of Kennings.” In Nordica Bergensia 3, 139-56. 1994.

Nordisk familjebok (1904:385). http://runeberg.org/nfbb/0219.html, Website Last Modified

12.13.14

Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Edited by Diana Whaley.

Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium:

Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012.

- Anonymous, “Oddmjór.” Edited by R.D. Fulk. In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1:

From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2. Edited by Diana Whaley, 1001-1002.

Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout,

Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012.

55

- Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, “Lausavísur.” Edited by Russell Poole. In Poetry

from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1. Edited by

Diana Whaley, 213-235. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian

Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012.

-“Glúmr Geirason.” Edited by Alison Finlay. In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1:




- Glúmr Geirason, “Gráfeldardrápa.” Edited by Alison Finlay. In Poetry from the

Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1. Edited by Diana

Whaley, 245-265. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle

Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012.

- Glúmr Geirason, “Lausavísa.” Edited by Diana Whaley, In Poetry from the Kings’

Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1. Edited by Diana Whaley,

266. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout,


-Guthormr sindri, “Hákonardrápa.” Edited by Russel Poole. In Poetry from the Kings’


155-170. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages.

Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2012.

- Jórunn skáldmær, “Sendibítr.” Edited by Judith Jesch. In Poetry from the Kings’




-“Ottarr svarti.” Edited by Matthew Townend. In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1:




- Ottarr svarti, “Hǫfuðlausn.” Edited by Matthew Townend. In Poetry from the Kings’




- Ottarr svarti, “Lausavísur.” Edited by Matthew Townend and R.D. Fulk. In Poetry

from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 2. Edited by

Diana Whaley, 783-789. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian


- Torf-Einarr Rǫgnvaldsson, “Lausavísur.” Edited by Russell Poole. In Poetry from

the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1. Edited by Diana

Whaley, 129-138. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle


56

- Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, “Glymdrápa.” Edited by Edith Marold. In Poetry from the

Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to C. 1025 Part 1. Edited by Diana

Whaley, 73-90. Volume I of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages.


Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Edited by Kari Ellen Gade. Volume

II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols

Publishers n.v., 2009.

-“Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson.” Edited by Diana Whaley. In Poetry from the Kings’

Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1. Edited by Kari Ellen Gade, 177-

281. Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout,


- Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Haraldsdrápa.” Edited by Diana Whaley. In Poetry

from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1. Edited by Kari

Ellen Gade, 260-280. Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle


-Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “ Hrynhenda, Magnúsdrápa.” Edited by Diana Whaley.

In Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1. Edited by

Kari Ellen Gade, 181-206. Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian


-Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Lausavísa.” Edited by Diana Whaley. In Poetry from

the Kings’ Sagas 2: From C. 1035 to C. 1300 Part 1. Edited by Kari Ellen

Gade, 280-281. Volume II of Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages.


-Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Magnúsdrápa.” Edited by Diana Whaley. In Poetry




-Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, “Þórfinnsdrápa.” Edited by Diana Whaley. In Poetry




Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringa: The Beginnings to Óláfur Tryggvason, Volume I. Translated

by Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes, 91. University College London: Viking

Society for Northern Research, 2011.

Snorri Sturluson, “Skaldskaparmal.” In Edda. Translated and Edited by Anthony Faulkes,

134-135. London: J.M. Dent, 1995.

57

Snorri Sturluson, “Skáldskaparmál.” In Edda: 2. Glossary and Index of Names. Edited by

Anthony Faulkes, 452. University College London: Viking Society for Northern

Research, 1998.

Whaley, Diana, “Skaldic Poetry.” In A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and

Culture. Edited by Rory McTurk, 479-501. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005. Kindle

Edition.

Wills, Tarrin, “The Anonymous Verse in the Third Grammatical Treatise.” In The Fantastic

in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature - Sagas and the British Isles: Preprint Papers of the

13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York, 6th-12th August. Edited by

John McKinnell, David Ashurst and Donata Kick, 1054-1063. Durham: Centre for

Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006.

58

Appendices

The data from this section has been taken from Heimskringla.no and is in a raw format. All

data analyzed from the following spreadsheets and included in this paper has been edited and

double-checked within both Finnur Jónsson‘s edition, from which the website gathered its

information, and from more recent editions of the relevant stanzas to this paper where

possible. The hending and alliteration word constellations have also been analyzed more

carefully in the paper than in the raw data that follows.

The following spreadsheets include first the compiled word combination similarities between

different poets’ and poems’ hending and alliteration which are then followed by the complete

spreadsheets of collected data from the relevant poetry thus far compiled. The comparison of

similarites spreadsheet is organized by each alliteration and hending column alphabetically in

order to identify recurring words between different poets and poems. The spreadsheets of all

the gathered data are organized alphabetically by skald and poem.

These spreadsheets are divided by columns into categories organized by first, second, and

third alliteration, followed by the first and second hending of the first line of the couplet and

then the first and second hending words of the second line. The next column is verse, which

will keep the relevant poems couplets together by verse, but not necessarily in the order they

appear in each stanza in Finnur’s edition. This is followed by the names of the poems and

poets, and finally the suspected dating of the poem and poet.

59

Appendix I: Poetry Comparison Data

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Firs

t A

llit

era

tio

n

aust

ru

nn

arEy

vin

dr

aust

rh

est

iEy

vin

dr

skre

yja

8La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

aust

ru

nn

arEi

rekr

aust

rh

est

iEi

rekr

fle

iri

5La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02-1

003

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

do

lgd

júp

hu

gað

rd

ræp

ib

alla

stan

vall

ar6

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

do

lga

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

ram

mr

ham

ri1

Om

To

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

gný

geir

aga

man

leik

rm

ér

geir

aga

man

leik

rb

leik

an32

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

gný

geir

agr

un

dar

þar

geir

agr

un

dar

fun

din

n4

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gǫgn

gan

gage

ird

rótt

gǫgn

gan

gage

ird

rótt

þe

iri

10G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

gǫgn

gan

gagó

tt 's

*D

ren

gr 's

gan

gagó

tt 's

*d

rótn

i*5

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hau

kah

efj

aH

línkl

ifs

he

fja

Hlín

mín

ar14

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

hau

kah

ep

tiH

línsk

op

ts*

he

pti

Hlín

mín

u1

Lau

saví

saTj

ǫrf

i en

n h

áðsa

mi

925-

975

c.a.

Hil

mir

hja

lmi

he

ina

Hil

mir

hja

lmi

lau

tG

autu

m4

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Hil

mir

hja

lma

hre

ggi

Hil

mir

hja

lma

hre

ggi

egg

jar

5Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

jarð

aro

rðu

me

yne

glð

aja

rðar

/gjǫ

rðo

rðu

me

yne

glð

ah

egl

ðu

41La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

970

Jarð

aro

rða

ǫlu

nre

yrar

Jarð

aro

rða

ǫlu

nre

yrar

he

yra

5La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

jarð

gǫfu

gro

rðu

mo

rðja

rðgǫ

fugr

orð

um

orð

forð

um

45La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

he

nd

i43

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

8

jǫrð

orð

ae

nd

rjǫ

rðo

rða

en

dr

sen

di

2Ǫ

gmu

nd

ard

ráp

aV

ǫlu

-Ste

inn

950

c.a.

lítt

leik

ili

tvǫ

nd

rrœ

kik

leik

ili

tvǫ

nd

rfi

tjar

2La

usa

vísu

r (v

. 955

)H

róm

un

dr

hal

ti95

5 d

. ve

d

lítt

leik

ilé

tt*

Rœ

kik

leik

ilé

tt*

þé

ttan

6La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

Lǫgb

rigð

irla

gða

lin

dal

fsLǫ

gbri

gðir

lagð

ali

nd

alfs

sjǫ

lfu

m20

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

Lǫgð

isla

gða

lau

gLǫ

gðis

lagð

ala

ug

augn

a1

Lau

saví

saǪ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

lyn

gsle

ngi

ljó

she

ims

lyn

gsle

ngi

ljó

she

ims

þe

ima

21La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

lyn

gva

len

gilá

trly

ngv

ale

ngi

látr

átti

11La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Rau

ðar

ran

dir

rim

mu

Rau

ðar

síð

anYg

grb

yggð

ir5

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Rau

ðk

ran

da

ríto

rms

Rau

ðk

gœð

irí

torm

sví

ti2

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

rau

snræ

siré

ð*

rau

snræ

sie

ggli

tuð

r*se

ggir

5G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

rau

sn*

ræsi

r*R

ǫgn

vald

sra

usn

*ræ

sir*

Rǫ

gnva

lds

gǫgn

um

2Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

rau

snar

mað

rræ

sis

reið

rra

usn

arm

aðr

ræsi

sre

iðr

ske

iðu

m6

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

róge

isu

ræsi

rrá

ðst

erk

rró

geis

uræ

sir

ráð

ste

rkr

me

rkju

m8

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

róge

isu

ræsi

rrá

ðva

nd

rró

geis

uræ

sir

ráð

van

dr

Sko

tlan

di

2K

vad

om

Eri

k b

lod

øks

e (

för

950)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

lan

di

1O

dd

mjó

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skǫ

rum

ske

iðar

?skj

ǫld

un

gr?h

vélð

ansk

eið

arre

iði

4H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

stál

ast

økk

vir

styð

jaM

jǫk

stø

kkvi

rst

yðja

nið

ja6

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

stál

ast

okk

inst

óð

vikr

sto

kkin

stó

ðb

lóð

i19

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

svan

bræ

ðir

síð

anSv

íþjó

ðar

svan

bræ

ðir

síð

anSv

íþjó

ðar

hrj

óð

a5

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

svan

gœð

irsí

ðan

sótt

isv

angœ

ðir

síð

ansó

tti

fló

tta

1H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

þry

mre

gin

þre

mja

þró

ttig

þry

mre

gin

þre

mja

þró

ttig

sótt

u10

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

þry

mrǫ

gnir

þe

gna

þró

tth

arð

rþ

rym

rǫgn

irþ

egn

aþ

rótt

har

ðr

varð

ak18

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

trú

rty

ggja

tve

imtr

úr

dýr

um

skjǫ

ldu

mal

dri

10La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

trú

raty

ggja

Torf

-Ein

ars

trú

rad

ýru

mTo

rf-E

inar

sm

ein

um

25Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ull

aral

lan

ald

rU

llar

alla

nal

dr

skǫ

ldu

m9

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Ull

ral

laím

un

lau

ksU

llr

alla

ímu

nla

uks

hau

ka8

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Ull

ral

lao

dd

sU

llr

alla

od

ds

Lod

du

12La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

Un

gan

eyð

iru

lfa

Un

gan

þrø

ngv

agr

áðar

ráð

i7

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

un

gre

yða

ógn

teit

r/jǫ

furr

Nǫ́

ðu

ðe

yða

ógn

teit

rP

eit

u12

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

60

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

All

ite

rati

on

Eigi

ægi

ér

Eigi

ægi

fóru

ðst

óra

n14

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

bæ

gja

13Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Bra

gnin

grb

lóð

ib

eið

réð

bló

ði

be

iðre

iði

1Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

bra

gnin

gsb

lóð

ib

en

gjó

ði

áðr

bló

ði

be

ngj

óð

irj

óð

um

1La

usa

vísa

(o

mkr

. 965

; ægt

e?)

Þó

rke

till

kly

pp

r Þ

órð

arso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

feld

fold

arfa

ldr

feld

fold

arfa

ldr

skal

di

14La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

feld

rfo

ldar

fóth

rum

rfe

ldr

fold

arfó

thru

mr

spjó

ti1

Lau

saví

sur

Ǫgm

un

dr

sne

is11

95

fell

fold

arfr

amm

fell

fold

arsó

tti

dró

ttar

1La

usa

vísa

He

lgi t

rau

sti Ó

láfs

son

925-

975

c.a.

folk

snar

anfy

lki

fall

afo

lksn

aran

fylk

ifa

lla

alli

r15

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

folk

rakk

rfy

lkir

fram

ligt

folk

rakk

rfy

lkir

fram

ligt

Gam

la1

Lau

saví

sa (

961—

62)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

hja

lmta

mið

rh

ilm

irh

olm

reyð

arh

jalm

tam

iðr

hil

mir

ho

lmre

yðar

olm

an6

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

lítit

14Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

naf

nn

økk

vin

aðrs

tun

gafe

ksk

nø

kkvi

nað

rstu

nga

un

gum

3La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

01-1

002

nám

sn

økk

vin

aðrb

ings

mǫ

kkr

nø

kkvi

nað

rbin

gsh

inga

t1

Jarl

sníð

(o

. 990

)Þ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

990

o. 9

50-1

000

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

mín

a1

Be

rud

ráp

a (o

. 975

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

975

c.a.

því

þag

nar

þe

gna

--

þe

gna

fre

gnu

m1

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

ǫð

lin

giu

ngu

mo

rðǫ

ðli

ngi

un

gum

orð

bo

rði

5G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Ǫð

lin

gru

ngu

mu

ngr

Ǫð

lin

gru

ngu

mu

ngr

tun

gu1

Af

et

fyrs

ted

igt

el.

he

lte

dig

t (?

)G

amli

gn

æva

ðar

skál

d90

0-10

00

Val

fast

ave

stan

veð

rǫrr

Val

fast

ave

stan

veð

rǫrr

knǫ

rru

13H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

Val

kǫst

um

vest

anva

ng

Val

kǫst

um

vest

anva

ng

me

rkis

tan

gir

11La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

Sort

by

Firs

t H

en

din

g, F

irst

Wo

rd

un

gajǫ

fra

erf

ðH

afa

jǫfr

ae

rfð

hve

rfa

6K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld105

0 c.

haf

ah

ein

ska

he

rsko

rðan

di

haf

ajǫ

fra

he

rsko

rðan

di

forð

um

16H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

sýsl

irsí

na

sín

girn

ðh

ann

sín

así

ngi

rnð

Ǫn

un

dr/

mín

a16

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

sve

insí

nu

msó

knd

jarf

rh

ann

sín

um

sókn

dja

rfr

fǫð

ur-

arfi

4M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

varð

vitj

aví

gmó

ðr

varð

Gar

ða

vígm

óð

rb

róð

ir3

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld1

050

c.

Gir

kja

Gar

ða

gjǫ

fvǫ

rðG

arð

agj

ǫf

jǫfr

i19

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

vǫrð

rvi

rkis

vest

rvǫ

rðr

garð

ive

str

he

sta

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 985

).Þ

órv

ald

r H

jalt

aso

n98

5 o

.

Ve

itk

Vat

sfjǫ

rðr

vask

*V

eit

kh

eit

irva

sk*

has

ka*

12Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

he

frh

eit

ith

ans

veit

he

itit

bró

ðir

góð

u11

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

sikl

ingr

síð

ansn

jall

rN

áði

síð

ansn

jall

ral

lri

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Selu

nd

síð

ansó

knh

egg

rn

áði

síð

ansó

knh

egg

rle

ggja

3H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Un

gan

eyð

iru

lfa

Un

gan

þrø

ngv

agr

áðar

ráð

i7

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þar

þrø

ngv

iþ

ínn

un

grþ

røn

gvi

þín

nm

ína

3En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

Sort

by

Firs

t H

en

din

g, S

eco

nd

Wo

rd

en

dr

un

da

eið

se

nd

ru

nd

ae

iðs

me

iði

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 955

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

þyn

a, H

róm

un

dar

so

n h

alta

955

d. o

.

en

dr

un

dir

ǫls

tafn

se

nd

ru

nd

irǫ

lsta

fns

Hra

fni

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

hve

rgi

hal

lir

he

iðit

þo

rði

varð

ah

eið

itb

reið

u12

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þo

rðu

tþ

ér

þjó

ðlǫ

nd

þo

rðu

tva

rða

þjó

ðlǫ

nd

rǫn

du

6H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

ætt

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

sikl

inga

mik

la10

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

ætt

yngv

iU

pp

len

din

gaG

en

gryn

gvi

Up

ple

nd

inga

bre

nd

i7

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iau

ðló

gan

di

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iau

ðló

gan

di

gnó

ga16

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iít

rU

pp

gǫn

guyn

gvi

ítr

lítin

n12

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

61

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

He

nd

ing,

Fir

st W

ord

en

gran

nar

ráð

re

ngr

þe

ngi

lláð

rlá

ði

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

en

gre

lda

áðr/

ate

ngr

þrø

ngv

iráð

rlá

ði

18H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

yrki

sefn

iyr

kise

fni

Ále

ifs

He

fnir

yrki

sefn

iÁ

leif

sm

ǫ́lu

m14

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

óþ

ǫrf

*ar

faÁ

leif

s ó

þǫ

rf*

arfa

Ále

ifs

mǫ́

lum

*7

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld1

050

c.

en

út

allh

vass

en

hra

nn

iral

lhva

ssfa

lla

14La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

yðr

ann

anal

lval

dr

fin

nu

man

nan

allv

ald

rfa

llin

n1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

un

gsEy

jum

allv

ald

s-

-al

lval

ds

fall

i5

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

svan

mæ

rrar

svíð

a*sv

ǫrt

*-

-au

gu*

bau

ga

12La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

alfe

igu

mœ

gir

augu

mal

feig

um

œgi

rau

gum

bau

ga28

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

bǫ́

rub

leik

ab

arn

un

grfá

ksb

leik

ab

arn

un

grþ

run

git

3G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

brá

skat

*b

ragn

ings

*b

arn

un

grb

rásk

at*

þro

ski*

bar

nu

ngr

þru

ngi

t7

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

blǫ

kkb

lóð

ib

orð

óð

ub

lóð

ib

orð

no

rðan

2K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld105

0 c.

bar

skb

orð

ib

orð

hǫ

lkvi

Þar

bar

skb

orð

hǫ

lkvi

no

rðan

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Hri

sti

han

dar

he

frH

rist

ifa

sta

dre

ngr

fen

git

2La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1011

Hro

llir

hu

grh

efr

Hro

llir

illa

dre

ngr

fen

git

5La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

Sjal

fráð

isl

œð

ur

silk

iSj

alfr

áði

slœ

ðu

rd

ren

grfe

ngi

t34

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Do

lge

isu

dís

ard

rótt

Do

lge

isu

dís

ard

rótt

fló

tta

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

mæ

trm

inn

am

inn

mæ

trn

eyt

id

rótt

inn

fló

tta

8Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

be

nsi

gðu

mb

rugð

itb

úin

be

nsi

gðu

mb

rugð

ite

ggle

ggi

3La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

bǫ

ðse

rkja

rb

irki

be

it*

bǫ

ðse

rkja

rb

irki

egg

*le

ggi*

16La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

Be

rsi

bre

iðar

bit

uB

ers

iþ

ars

egg

jar

segg

ja2

Lau

saví

sur

Ǫgm

un

dr

sne

is12

08

rau

snræ

siré

ð*

rau

snræ

sie

ggli

tuð

r*se

ggir

5G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

jarl

aru

nd

ane

ird

un

ðu

un

dan

eir

þe

ira

11Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

sval

bú

inn

selj

usv

erf

rsv

alb

úin

nse

lju

eir

arþ

eir

i23

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

ulf

gre

nn

iru

nn

ite

iru

lfgr

en

nir

un

nit

eir

Frið

geir

i32

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

bli

nd

rb

ran

da

bið

kb

lin

dr

bra

nd

ae

irar

geir

a45

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n98

0

elf

aru

lfa

Eiri

kre

lfar

ulf

aEi

rikr

geir

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

85).

Þó

rval

dr

Hja

ltas

on

985

o.

óst

irfi

nn

arfa

Eirí

ksó

stir

fin

nar

faEi

ríks

geir

a*6

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

gekk

gjal

lan

Gau

tsSv

all

gjal

lan

eld

be

ldi

4Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

ald

aral

dri

eld

ral

dar

ald

rie

ldr

be

ldir

10H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

up

pi

élm

ars

eld

iu

pp

ity

pp

ie

ldi

Dan

a-ve

ldi

10H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

he

nd

i43

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

8

ófo

lgin

ylgj

are

nd

ró

folg

inyl

gjar

en

dr

he

nd

i7

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

œgi

rǫ

flu

gbǫ

rðu

en

dis

eið

s-

-e

nd

ise

iðs

ken

di

15R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Ósk

ep

na

up

pi

en

dr

Ósk

ep

na

up

pi

en

dr

ken

di

20Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

od

dvi

tio

dd

um

Eyvi

nd

aro

dd

viti

od

du

mEy

vin

dar

skre

yju

3La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

aust

ru

nn

arEy

vin

dr

aust

rh

est

iEy

vin

dr

skre

yja

8La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

fægi

rfo

lka

fan

gsfæ

gir

Sǫ́gu

fan

gsga

nga

2La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

þu

ng

þin

giÞ

órs

þu

ng

þin

gifa

ngv

ina

gan

ga1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Kve

ldú

lfr

878

d.o

.

fast

rfó

stra

farm

rfa

str

fóst

rafa

rmr

arm

a7

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Forn

gǫrv

anfi

rnu

mfa

rms

Forn

gǫrv

anfi

rnu

mfa

rms

arm

a1

Af

et

ub

est

em

me

ligt

dig

tSt

ein

þó

rr10

00-1

100?

62

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

He

nd

ing,

Fir

st W

ord

gótt

gum

na

geir

veð

rgó

ttsæ

ttir

geir

veð

rþ

eir

i5

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

goll

skýf

lir

gjǫ

flas

trge

irve

ðr

goll

skýf

lir

gjǫ

flas

trge

irve

ðr

þe

iri

4H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

guld

ut

gun

nar

goll

guld

ut

sjal

dan

goll

þo

llar

11H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

geð

har

ðir

gerð

ugo

lls

geð

har

ðir

gerð

ugo

lls

þo

llu

m4

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

he

lnau

ð*

hyl

jah

arm

he

lnau

ð*

hyl

jah

arm

bar

ma

10La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

hra

fnb

láir

he

fnð

uh

arm

ah

rafn

blá

irh

efn

ðu

har

ma

bar

mar

3R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

hla

kkar

hræ

lǫg

hau

kah

lakk

ard

rekk

ah

auka

auka

sk14

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hu

gre

ynan

di

Hœ

nis

hau

ksh

ugr

eyn

and

iH

œn

ish

auks

auki

nn

12H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

áðr

elj

un

prú

ðu

mal

lráð

re

lju

np

rúð

um

he

rrþ

verr

i8

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

Hræ

dd

rh

jǫrv

ah

err

Hræ

dd

rra

dd

arh

err

þve

rri

8H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

lítit

14Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

ho

rna

hró

sah

lítst

yggs

ho

rna

fors

hlít

styg

gslít

inn

1A

f e

t u

be

ste

mm

eli

gt d

igt

Ste

inþ

órr

1000

-110

0?

hlíf

arh

ild

arh

regg

vald

rh

ild

arh

regg

tve

ggja

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

he

rrh

jǫrv

ah

regg

sh

err

hjǫ

rva

hre

ggs

tve

ggja

5Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

He

inþ

ynta

nh

vín

ah

ryn

jeld

He

inþ

ynta

nh

vín

ah

ryn

jeld

bry

nju

8G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Hra

mm

tan

gar

han

gah

ryn

virg

ilH

ram

mta

nga

rh

anga

hry

nvi

rgil

bry

nju

12La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

me

nn

min

na

min

nm

en

nm

inn

aja

fno

kaH

rafn

i10

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

orð

eig

ija

fnrǫ

skr

orð

verð

akja

fnrǫ

skr

Hra

fni

6La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

ǫld

ann

anja

fnþ

arfr

min

nis

kan

nan

jafn

þar

frh

rafn

i18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Kar

like

nd

uky

nd

óm

End

rke

nd

uky

nd

óm

bry

nju

6Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

knar

rar

keyp

tak

kyn

stó

rsh

apts

keyp

tak

kyn

stó

rsb

ryn

ju1

En f

lok

om

ko

ng

Ola

fB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1020

o.,

103

0 d

.

lið

hra

ust

anle

ysti

Lofn

lið

hra

ust

anle

ysti

Lofn

sofn

aðr

4B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

líki

leyg

jar

Lofn

fǫgr

leyg

jar

Lofn

sofn

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

09

leið

iþir

rlæ

valu

nd

--

lun

db

un

du

11H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

lin

dih

jǫrt

lan

di

lun

dp

rúð

rli

nd

ihjǫ

rtla

nd

ilu

nd

prú

ðr

bu

nd

inn

6G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

mæ

rm

arka

rm

eir

mæ

rst

jóri

me

irfl

eir

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 o

.

mǫ

gm

æra

nm

eir

geri

km

æra

nm

eir

fle

ira

5Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

mar

gsp

akr

mæ

lam

ǫ́r

--

mǫ́

rb

ǫ́ru

3H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

mó

ðr

mo

rgin

brá

ðar

mǫ́

rm

óð

rm

org

inb

ráð

arm

ǫ́r

bǫ́

ru1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

55)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn þ

yna,

Hró

mu

nd

ar s

on

hal

ta95

5 d

. o.

mó

mar

nar

mo

rðku

nn

rsp

arn

mar

nar

mo

rðku

nn

rsu

nn

an1

Et n

idd

igt

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

blå

tan

dA

no

nym

ou

s98

0 c.

a.

mjǫ

km

arga

rm

orð

run

nr

mjǫ

ksl

íkar

mo

rðru

nn

rsu

nn

an2

Lau

saví

sur

Hra

fn Ǫ

nu

nd

arso

n10

06

mé

rm

ynd

im

óte

flan

da

Sýn

dis

km

ynd

im

óte

flan

da

spjó

ta1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.V

íga-

Styr

r Þ

órg

rím

sso

n10

07 d

.

mæ

trm

óti

mó

tru

nn

rm

ætr

mó

tim

ótr

un

nr

spjó

ta13

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1008

Engl

ajǫ

rðu

ótt

ferð

jǫrð

uó

ttfl

ótt

a9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Ále

ifr

jǫfr

ió

ttÁ

leif

rjǫ

fri

ótt

fló

tta

9La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

rýgr

rógi

run

nr

rýgr

rógi

run

nr

Gu

nn

ar12

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

ran

nru

nn

iru

nn

rra

nn

run

ni

run

nr

Gu

nn

ar19

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

aun

fram

rari

mm

uru

nn

rau

nfr

amra

rim

mu

run

nr

gun

nar

5Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

sve

rðsi

grse

ggi

sve

rðo

rðin

nse

ggi

egg

jar

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

seim

bro

tar*

segj

ase

ggju

mþ

egi

*se

gja

segg

jum

egg

ja1

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

63

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

He

nd

ing,

Fir

st W

ord

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

ætt

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

sikl

inga

mik

la10

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Síð

ansu

ðr

sikl

ingr

Síð

ansu

ðr/

láð

isi

klin

grm

iklu

m9

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

lan

di

1O

dd

mjó

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

skyl

dir

skœ

ðan

ske

iðar

bra

nd

sst

ǫkk

þo

kka

ske

iðar

bra

nd

sla

nd

i7

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sun

dsa

nd

isn

arfe

ngr

sun

dsa

nd

isn

arfe

ngr

dre

ngj

a8

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

sve

it*

segg

ja*

snar

fen

gs*

sve

it*

lítil

*sn

arfe

ngs

*d

ren

gja

24La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

sæsn

ekk

jur

snar

lalé

ztsn

ekk

jur

snar

laja

rli

8K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld105

0 c.

sæsó

tti

snar

lyn

dr

dró

ttsó

tti

snar

lyn

dr

jarl

a13

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fell

fold

arfr

amm

fell

fold

arsó

tti

dró

ttar

1La

usa

vísa

He

lgi t

rau

sti Ó

láfs

son

925-

975

c.a.

frǫ́

nFj

ón

ifo

ldfr

ǫ́n

Fjó

ni

sótt

id

rótt

ar18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sœki

sára

sun

nan

sára

tíra

sun

nan

run

na

1La

usa

vísa

Dag

styg

gr Þ

órð

arso

n11

00-1

200

son

sæta

sun

nu

gæti

sæta

sun

nu

run

ni

10La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

satt

'ssi

tja

Sve

inn

satt

'skn

átti

/sit

jaSv

ein

ne

inn

i6

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld1

050

c.

Svíþ

jóð

søkk

viSv

ein

sG

ekk

søkk

viSv

ein

se

ina

3M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

svar

tsky

ggð

segg

isv

erð

svar

tsky

ggð

segg

isv

erð

ferð

ar7

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

slíð

rtu

ngu

rsy

ngv

asv

erð

leik

ssl

íðrt

un

gur

syn

gva

sve

rðle

iks

ferð

ir3

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

þjó

ðu

mþ

úþ

eir

aþ

jóð

um

síð

anþ

eir

am

eir

a15

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

lǫgð

usk

lǫn

dli

ðlǫ

gðu

skEg

ða

þe

ira

me

ira

2K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld105

0 c.

dǫ

glin

gsd

ýrka

dýr

verk

dýr

kaþ

en

gill

len

gi1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Nó

regs

njó

tan

ýtr

léta

tn

jóta

þe

ngi

llle

ngi

4M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Þat

þé

rþ

ínÞ

atm

œtt

iþ

ínm

ínu

6La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

mín

a1

Be

rud

ráp

a (o

. 975

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

975

c.a.

fræ

grfe

ngu

ðfǫ

rnu

ðr

yngv

ife

ngu

ðþ

inn

min

na

13H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

þar

þrø

ngv

iþ

ínn

un

grþ

røn

gvi

þín

nm

ína

3En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

brú

ðr

bló

ði

be

ðr

brú

ðr

bló

ði

þín

nm

ínu

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

64

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

He

nd

ing,

Se

con

d W

ord

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

bæ

gja

13Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vés

vald

ivæ

gi-

-væ

gib

ægj

ask

6Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

Jóta

ítri

Engl

and

iJó

taít

riEn

glan

di

bra

nd

a1

Dra

pe

om

Sve

n t

vesk

æg

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Har

rih

verr

iH

jalt

lan

ds

Har

rih

verr

iH

jalt

lan

ds

bra

nd

a18

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ǫld

*œ

si*

Jótl

and

ifú

s*œ

si*

Jótl

and

ib

ran

da

6M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

lau

tlé

tti

lan

ds

lau

tlé

tti

lan

ds

bra

nd

a9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

vals

kaví

ðu

Ve

stla

nd

ira

uð

víð

uV

est

lan

di

bra

nd

a9

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þo

rna

þin

giþ

egn

ssp

ǫn

gþ

ingi

þe

gns

fre

gna

3La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

því

þag

nar

þe

gna

--

þe

gna

fre

gnu

m1

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

ófæ

lin

nÁ

laé

ldra

ugs

ófæ

lin

nÁ

laé

ldra

ugs

hau

ga5

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

dæ

ðir

do

lga

dra

ugr

dæ

ðir

Þrú

ðar

dra

ugr

hau

gi1

Kar

levi

-ste

ne

ns

vers

An

on

ymo

us

1000

c.a

.

mik

me

iðar

mal

mþ

ings

kvǫ́

ðu

me

iðar

mal

mþ

ings

hin

gat

1La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

þú

Þró

ttar

þin

gssó

ttir

Þró

ttar

þin

gsh

inga

t15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Ne

fju

naf

na

nú

Haf

nið

/Ne

fju

naf

na

gan

dla

nd

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Hil

dr

Hró

lfsd

ótt

ir n

efj

u90

0 c.

a.

Go

rms

gǫm

luG

and

víkr

--

Gan

dví

krla

nd

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

76).

Eyjó

lfr

Val

gerð

arso

n98

5 d

. c.a

.

Þat

þé

rþ

ínÞ

atm

œtt

iþ

ínm

ínu

6La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

brú

ðr

bló

ði

be

ðr

brú

ðr

bló

ði

þín

nm

ínu

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

vér

verð

um

Vín

ujǫ

rðve

rðu

mV

ínu

mín

um

10La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

ítr

up

pu

nn

svín

ítr

róta

vin

um

mín

um

13La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Bra

gnin

grb

lóð

ib

eið

réð

bló

ði

be

iðre

iði

1Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

leið

ljó

tala

nd

be

iðað

ar-

-la

nd

be

iðað

arre

iði

27La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

skat

tisk

reyt

tusk

eið

skat

tisk

reyt

tusk

eið

reið

i15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skǫ

rum

ske

iðar

?skj

ǫld

un

gr?h

vélð

ansk

eið

arre

iði

4H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

65

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sort

by

Seco

nd

He

nd

ing,

Se

con

d W

ord

op

te

isu

m*

óþ

jóð

arh

ús*

eis

um

*ó

þjó

ðar

rjó

ða

1Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

þró

ttar

þo

rði

þjó

ðu

mo

rðþ

orð

iþ

jóð

um

rjó

ða

7G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

mik

*m

un

dar

*m

ann

sR

ind

r*m

un

dar

*m

ann

ssa

nn

a10

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Ho

dd

geym

irh

eim

ah

ér*

Ho

dd

geym

irh

eim

am

ann

r*sa

nn

a*14

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

mín

sm

argi

rm

en

nfj

ǫrs

mar

gir

me

nn

san

nar

4La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

eig

i/e

nn

ekk

juau

stm

ann

am

un

en

nau

stm

ann

asa

nn

ask

1La

usa

vísa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

He

iðin

gja

hu

ngr

ih

árr

He

iðin

gja

hu

ngr

ih

árr

sára

1A

f e

n d

rap

e o

m M

agn

us

Erli

ngs

son

(?)

Hal

lr S

no

rras

on

1100

-120

0

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hár

sÁ

ðr

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hár

ssá

ra20

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Ein

Engl

ae

ggh

ríð

Ein

Engl

ae

ggh

ríð

síð

an15

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

eld

se

igi

út

eld

sfy

lgja

hrí

ðb

oð

isí

ðan

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

Van

nV

inð

r vá

pn

hrí

ðV

ann

min

nir

váp

nh

ríð

síð

an8

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

aust

ru

nn

arEy

vin

dr

aust

rh

est

iEy

vin

dr

skre

yja

8La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

od

dvi

tio

dd

um

Eyvi

nd

aro

dd

viti

od

du

mEy

vin

dar

skre

yju

3La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

orm

abe

ðe

rmar

od

d-G

efn

aro

rmab

eð

erm

aro

dd

-Ge

fnar

ste

fni

4La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

gum

nu

mgo

lli

Ge

fnar

ho

llr

goll

iG

efn

arst

efn

u4

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Eigi

ægi

ér

Eigi

ægi

fóru

ðst

óra

n14

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

sval

tun

gur*

sun

gu*

sam

ansv

altu

ngu

r*su

ngu

*fó

rum

stó

rar

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

dre

ngj

a*d

rótt

ins*

dýr

rm

ǫ́tt

r*d

rótt

ins*

dýr

rst

ýra

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

bǫ

ðvi

tru

mb

etr

ab

rim

dýr

i*b

ǫð

vitr

um

be

tra

bri

md

ýri*

stýr

a*1

En h

öjb

os

klag

eA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

lan

dri

fsle

ngi

lagd

ýrs

lan

dri

fsp

índ

anla

gdýr

sst

ýri

4B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

Alm

dró

sar

eis

ué

lru

nn

rA

lmd

rósa

re

isu

élr

un

nr

sun

nan

2H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

mjǫ

km

arga

rm

orð

run

nr

mjǫ

ksl

íkar

mo

rðru

nn

rsu

nn

an2

Lau

saví

sur

Hra

fn Ǫ

nu

nd

arso

n10

06

folk

strí

ðir

Fró

ða

fágl

ýjað

rafo

lkst

ríð

irFr

óð

afá

glýj

aðra

þýj

a8

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

veig

vilj

um

vel

--

glýj

aðra

þýj

a3

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

eyj

arú

tan

allv

ald

rsl

eit

úta

nal

lval

dr

tjal

di

19Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

fræ

gr*

fjó

rða

fle

ina

gerð

um

k*fj

órð

ava

ldtj

ald

i1

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

09

66

Appendix II: Full Alliteration and Hending Data

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Bár

øð

rb

ǫ́ru

bra

ut

Bár

øð

rb

ǫ́ru

lan

dan

dra

1B

árð

ard

ráp

aA

no

nym

ou

s97

5 c.

a.

lifa

lofð

um

len

grli

falo

fðu

mle

ngr

gen

gi1

En h

öjb

os

klag

eA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

stǫ

ðst

ein

ast

afn

rúm

Ein

nst

ein

ast

afn

rúm

hra

fni

1En

hö

jbo

s kl

age

An

on

ymo

us

900-

1000

þe

gnþ

ilju

mþ

rǫn

g-

-þ

rǫn

gra

nga

1En

hö

jbo

s kl

age

An

on

ymo

us

900-

1000

bǫ

ðvi

tru

mb

etr

ab

rim

dýr

i*b

ǫð

vitr

um

be

tra

bri

md

ýri*

stýr

a*1

En h

öjb

os

klag

eA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

leyf

ðra

*lo

fða*

lin

di*

leyf

ðra

*lo

fða*

lin

di*

bin

da

1En

rø

dsk

ægg

et

man

dA

no

nym

ou

s98

5 c.

a.

Lætr

lýti

rli

ðb

and

sLæ

trlý

tir

lið

ban

ds

gran

dar

1En

rø

dsk

ægg

et

man

dA

no

nym

ou

s98

5 c.

a.

sáð

síð

irsi

gne

nn

um

sáð

síð

irsi

gne

nn

um

ken

na

1En

rø

dsk

ægg

et

man

dA

no

nym

ou

s98

5 c.

a.

stál

a*st

ýri*

Styr

bjǫ

rn-

-St

yrb

jǫrn

kyrr

an1

En r

ød

skæ

gge

t m

and

An

on

ymo

us

985

c.a.

sið

reyn

irsí

ðan

snja

llr

sið

reyn

irsí

ðan

snja

llr

gjal

la1

Et d

igt

om

Gu

ðle

ifr

Ara

son

An

on

ymo

us

1000

c.a

.

be

ðs

bœ

nar

Bal

drs

be

ðs

smið

juB

ald

rsh

ald

a1

Et d

igt

om

Gu

ðle

ifr

Ara

son

An

on

ymo

us

1000

c.a

.

Ryð

fjó

nar

reyn

irra

nd

aR

yðfj

ón

arre

ynir

ran

da

lan

di

1Et

dig

t o

m G

uð

leif

r A

raso

nA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

hau

ðrs

hat

tar

hja

ldrs

hau

ðrs

ste

ðja

hja

ldrs

skal

di

1Et

dig

t o

m G

uð

leif

r A

raso

nA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

varð

Vin

ða

vax

varð

myr

ðir

vax

faxa

1Et

nid

dig

t o

m k

on

g H

aral

d b

låta

nd

An

on

ymo

us

980

c.a.

be

rgsa

lar

Bir

gir

bǫ

nd

um

be

rgsa

lar

Bir

gir

bǫ

nd

um

lan

di

1Et

nid

dig

t o

m k

on

g H

aral

d b

låta

nd

An

on

ymo

us

980

c.a.

ǫld

*jǫ

ldu

órí

krǫ

ld*

jǫld

uó

ríkr

líki

1Et

nid

dig

t o

m k

on

g H

aral

d b

låta

nd

An

on

ymo

us

980

c.a.

mó

mar

nar

mo

rðku

nn

rsp

arn

mar

nar

mo

rðku

nn

rsu

nn

an1

Et n

idd

igt

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

blå

tan

dA

no

nym

ou

s98

0 c.

a.

All

iro

ssu

ámra

*A

llir

full

ifj

alla

*h

alla

r*1

Haf

gerð

inga

drá

pa

An

on

ymo

us

1000

c.a

.

Mín

arm

un

kam

ein

alau

san

Mín

arm

un

ka/r

eyn

im

ein

alau

san

be

ina

2H

afge

rðin

gad

ráp

aA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

he

iðis

hal

di

hal

lrh

ald

ifo

ldar

hal

lrst

alli

2H

afge

rðin

gad

ráp

aA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

reið

-Við

urr

rað

aró

gsta

rkr

reið

-Við

urr

rað

aró

gsta

rkr

Dan

mǫ

rku

1K

arle

vi-s

ten

en

s ve

rsA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

dæ

ðir

do

lga

dra

ugr

dæ

ðir

Þrú

ðar

dra

ugr

hau

gi1

Kar

levi

-ste

ne

ns

vers

An

on

ymo

us

1000

c.a

.

jǫrm

un

gru

nd

ar-

ørg

ran

dar

iV

and

ils

jǫrm

un

gru

nd

arø

rgra

nd

ari

lan

di

1K

arle

vi-s

ten

en

s ve

rsA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

Folg

inn

fylg

ðu

fle

str*

Folg

inn

fylg

ðu

fle

str*

me

star

1K

arle

vi-s

ten

en

s ve

rsA

no

nym

ou

s10

00 c

.a.

Me

gin

hræ

dd

irm

en

nm

eir

iM

egi

nh

ræd

dir

Kú

gam

eir

iþ

eir

a1

Kú

gad

ráp

aA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200

hir

ðsa

mn

aðar

him

na

hry

nre

gnh

irð

sam

nað

arh

imn

ah

ryn

regn

dyn

ja1

Már

íufl

okk

rA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200?

mǫ

rgm

erg

jar

mjǫ

ðka

rms

mǫ

rgm

erg

jar

mjǫ

ðka

rms

hva

rma

1M

áríu

flo

kkr

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0?

fljó

ðs

fræ

gja

-fl

jóð

sm

eið

a-

-2

Már

íufl

okk

rA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200?

élj

um

un

dir

stó

lail

tún

élj

um

un

dir

stó

lail

tún

brú

na

2M

áríu

flo

kkr

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0?

Bu

sti

be

ggja

bar

msk

úr

Bu

sti

rist

ab

arm

skú

rh

varm

a2

Már

íufl

okk

rA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200?

kœn

stkv

inn

akv

ǫlb

ann

aðar

van

nkv

inn

akv

ǫlb

ann

aðar

man

na

2M

áríu

flo

kkr

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0?

op

tæ

viák

--

fljó

ðs

góð

a1

Mo

rgin

sól

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0

en

nil

eip

tru

nn

are

ldsp

ǫn

ge

nn

ile

iptr

un

nar

eld

spǫ

ng

lǫn

gum

1M

org

insó

lA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200

þe

ira

's-

Þó

rval

dr

--

--

1N

idve

rs o

m b

isko

p F

red

eri

k o

g To

rval

d v

idfö

rle

An

on

ymo

us

984

c.a.

bǫ

rnb

ori

tb

ysku

pb

ǫrn

bo

rit

--

1N

idve

rs o

m b

isko

p F

red

eri

k o

g To

rval

d v

idfö

rle

An

on

ymo

us

984

c.a.

þrá

ða

Þrú

ði

þe

iri's

þrá

ða

Þrú

ði

þe

iri's

geir

a1

Nid

vers

om

Ko

rmak

og

Ste

inge

rdA

no

nym

ou

s96

5 c.

a.

gun

nǫ

rðig

raga

rða

gau

pn

eld

sgu

nn

ǫrð

igra

garð

aga

up

ne

lds

hla

up

inn

1N

idve

rs o

m K

orm

ak o

g St

ein

gerd

An

on

ymo

us

965

c.a.

Vil

dak

væri

vald

-Eir

hit

tat

vald

-Eir

jald

a1

Nid

vers

om

Ko

rmak

og

Ste

inge

rdA

no

nym

ou

s96

5 c.

a.

stœ

ðil

ǫ́t

stó

ði

Ste

inge

rðr

stœ

ðil

ǫ́t

stó

ði

Ste

inge

rðr

rein

i1

Nid

vers

om

Ko

rmak

og

Ste

inge

rdA

no

nym

ou

s96

5 c.

a.

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skil

di

ske

iðar

bra

nd

lan

di

1O

dd

mjó

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

sásí

ðan

snja

llr

réð

síð

ansn

jall

rǫ

llu

m1

Od

dm

jór

An

on

ymo

us

900-

1000

He

rjo

lfr

ho

kin

razi

he

fnd

i-

--

-1

Om

en

He

rjo

lfr

Sigu

rfta

rso

nA

no

nym

ou

s80

0-90

0

Be

rsi

bru

nn

inra

zib

eit

--

be

itge

it1

Om

en

He

rjo

lfr

Sigu

rfta

rso

nA

no

nym

ou

s80

0-90

0

Æau

guo

f/e

ldÆ

augu

eld

Grá

feld

ar1

Om

Har

ald

grá

feld

An

on

ymo

us

965

c.a.

Man

gim

ann

am

orð

kan

nað

raM

angi

man

na

mo

rðka

nn

aðra

ann

at1

Om

Hja

lte

sön

ne

rne

An

on

ymo

us

975

c.a.

þás

Þo

rska

fjar

ðar

þin

g-

-þ

ing

en

nit

ingl

um

1O

m H

jalt

esö

nn

ern

eA

no

nym

ou

s97

5 c.

a.

ísar

ns

æsi

ral

mœ

rir

ísar

ns

æsi

ral

mœ

rir

fœri

1O

m H

jalt

esö

nn

ern

eA

no

nym

ou

s97

5 c.

a.

ho

ltva

rtar

isH

jalt

ah

arð

fen

gsh

olt

vart

aris

Hja

lta

har

ðfe

ngs

gen

gu1

Om

Hja

lte

sön

ne

rne

An

on

ymo

us

975

c.a.

67

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

do

lga

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

ram

mr

ham

ri1

Om

To

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

gegn

grœ

ðis

gagn

sæll

gegn

vagn

aga

gnsæ

llM

agn

a1

Om

To

rA

no

nym

ou

s90

0-10

00

Tré

ske

ggtr

oll

um

Torf

-Ein

arr

--

Torf

-Ein

arr

Sku

rfu

1O

m T

orf

-Ein

ar ja

rlA

no

nym

ou

s99

0 c.

a.

gre

ipar

gjal

laG

efn

sve

lls

gjal

laG

efn

ne

fni

1St

ríð

kera

vísu

rA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200

urð

hœ

ings

jarð

arýt

en

dr

urð

hœ

ings

jarð

arýt

en

dr

nýt

ir1

Strí

ðke

raví

sur

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0

Þe

ssþ

ægr

aÞ

rúð

rÞ

ess

hn

oss

aÞ

rúð

rp

rúð

a1

Strí

ðke

raví

sur

An

on

ymo

us

1100

-120

0

hve

rju

mh

ráka

hn

ugg

inn

leik

hrá

kah

nu

ggin

ntu

ggu

1St

ríð

kera

vísu

rA

no

nym

ou

s11

00-1

200

Rau

ðrý

rtra

nn

*R

auð

síð

anra

nn

*m

ann

a*1

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

frán

aFj

ón

iFj

ón

byg

gva

frán

aFj

ón

iFj

ón

byg

gva

tygg

i1

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

nað

rsn

orð

ann

ýsb

orð

no

rðan

nýs

fýsi

2Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Hja

lmǫ́

ruh

eyr

ah

itzi

Hja

lmǫ́

ruh

eyr

ah

itzi

Niz

i2

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

hla

ut

Hal

lan

ds

hra

fnþ

arfr

hla

ut

skjó

tah

rafn

þar

frst

afn

i2

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

tygg

ity

rfin

gstv

ær

tygg

ie

ggja

rtv

ær

væri

2Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

glað

rgo

lli

geir

jalm

glað

rro

ðn

um

geir

jalm

hja

lmi

3Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

skja

ldb

org

skú

far

skau

tra

ufs

ksk

úfa

rh

od

dgl

ǫtu

ðr

od

du

m3

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Hra

uð

hve

rgi

he

iðm

ild

rH

rau

ðfl

œð

ih

eið

mil

dr

ske

iðir

3Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

bra

gna

bry

nju

rb

uð

lun

gsb

ragn

agǫ

gnu

mb

uð

lun

gssu

ngu

3Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

áðr

ǫð

lin

grau

ðr

áðr

ǫð

lin

grau

ðr

dau

ðri

4Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Sve

inn

sne

kkju

sakl

aust

Ge

kkat

sne

kkju

sakl

aust

forh

rau

sti

4Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

fars

-ko

str

fljó

tafl

jótm

ælt

sh

lau

tfl

jóta

fljó

tmæ

lts

Jóta

4Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

har

ðr*

hja

lma*

hu

gim

alm

r*h

jalm

a*m

inn

sin

ni

4Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

grœ

ðir

grœ

nn

gran

dau

knu

mgr

œð

irra

uð

um

gran

dau

knu

mb

lan

din

n5

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

áttb

ogi

ylgj

aró

góð

rSv

alg

ylgj

aró

góð

rb

lóð

i5

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

--

--

--

-6

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

ætt

yngv

iU

pp

len

din

gaG

en

gryn

gvi

Up

ple

nd

inga

bre

nd

i7

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

gram

sga

lgi

gagn

prý

ðan

da

do

lgu

mga

lgi

gagn

prý

ðan

da

hlý

ða

7Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

ræsi

s*re

iði*

rǫn

nþ

jóð

*re

iði*

rǫn

nm

ann

a*7

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

ǫfl

gar

ald

iráð

rvi

ldu

tal

dir

áðr

váð

a7

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

he

itH

ein

ah

yrr

dví

nu

ðu

He

ina

hyr

rky

rra

8Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

ráð

Rau

ma

reið

rEy

mð

itR

aum

are

iðr

me

iðir

8Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

jǫrn

Engl

um

eir

lau

stÞ

un

gEn

glu

me

irla

ust

me

ira

9Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

vísi

vel

valf

all

vísi

Úsu

valf

all

snja

llan

9Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

líflá

tala

us*

spjó

t*lá

tala

us*

hau

sum

*10

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Fell

fun

di

fram

m*

Fell

stil

lis

óð

u*

mó

ðu

10Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

grjó

tG

auta

gló

ðgr

jót

Gau

tah

eit

rsv

eit

i10

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

þjó

ðþ

aðra

þú

sun

du

mþ

jóð

nǫ́

ðu

þú

sun

du

mto

rfú

sa10

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

hin

n 's

hæ

lh

rein

skja

ldað

rh

inn

'sm

ǫn

nu

mh

rein

skja

ldað

ral

dri

11Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

man

nky

n*

min

nu

m*

mo

rgu

n*

man

nky

n*

min

nu

m*

mo

rgu

n*

bo

rgar

11Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

jarl

aru

nd

ane

ird

un

ðu

un

dan

eir

þe

ira

11Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Gag

ngj

afvi

nr

gekk

*G

agn

Sygn

ah

ild

r*vi

ldra

*11

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

en

Engl

and

ǫfl

ugr

en

Engl

and

/su

nn

anh

err

be

rjas

k12

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

sás

sin

ni

sásk

sás

ásá

skh

áska

12Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iít

rU

pp

gǫn

guyn

gvi

ítr

lítin

n12

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

fór

fylk

ifu

nd

usk

fór

dýr

anfu

nd

usk

stu

nd

u12

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

stál

sst

rǫn

gust

ríð

irst

áls

éli

strí

ðir

bíð

a13

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

ald

rigi

ald

ins

óta

ms

ald

rigi

ald

ins

óta

ms

hra

mm

a13

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Oll

io

frau

sno

rma

Oll

ist

illi

slá

trs

mát

tit

13Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

vigg

svá

pn

ava

rðrú

nar

vigg

sgl

yggv

iva

rðrú

nar

spar

ði

13Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

68

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

brj

óst

bif

ðis

kb

ǫð

snar

tH

afð

itb

ifð

isk

bǫ

ðsn

art

hja

rta

14Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

bló

ðu

grb

arra

be

ith

jǫrr

bar

rab

eit

hn

eit

is14

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

hja

lmþ

rim

uh

ilm

irh

lítst

yggr

lítit

14Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

þar

sþ

en

gils

þat

þar

sh

ers

aþ

atsk

atn

a14

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

folk

snar

anfy

lki

fall

afo

lksn

aran

fylk

ifa

lla

alli

r15

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Eigi

œgj

aau

ðli

grEi

giœ

gja

auð

ligr

dau

ði

15Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

hlíf

ðu

th

len

na

ho

dd

um

hlíf

ðu

tsv

æfi

ho

dd

um

od

dar

15Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

me

irm

ild

am

ild

ings

he

ldr

mil

da

mil

din

gsvi

ldi

15Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Nið

nýt

lan

orð

ansk

aut

nýt

lan

orð

anb

orð

i16

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Vít

tvǫ

lsu

ngs

varð

Vít

th

eit

iva

rðh

arð

a16

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

ǫrt

ósl

ætt

elj

un

fim

rǫ

rth

jart

ae

lju

nfi

mr

him

ni

17Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

har

ðr

's*

he

imi*

hra

fngr

en

nir

*h

arð

r 's

*o

rðin

n*

hra

fngr

en

nir

*jǫ

fnu

m17

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Myr

kt 's

me

ira

mé

rM

yrkt

'so

rkar

mé

rsé

rat

17Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

me

stm

ild

ingr

min

na

me

stko

stu

ðm

inn

avi

nn

ur

17Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

afre

kaø

fra

ætt

stýr

ǫn

du

maf

reka

øfr

aæ

ttst

ýrǫ

nd

um

dýr

ri18

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Har

ald

rh

verj

um

har

ðge

ðr

Har

ald

rh

verj

um

har

ðge

ðr

Mið

garð

i18

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

hn

ígra

t*h

ilm

ir*

he

ilǫ

gh

níg

rat*

fræ

gri*

fold

mo

ldar

*18

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

dǫ

glin

grd

auð

ad

ýrð

réð

dau

ða

slík

rirí

kra

18Er

fid

ráp

a o

m k

on

g H

aral

d h

ård

råd

eA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1067

o.

Gir

kja

Gar

ða

gjǫ

fvǫ

rðG

arð

agj

ǫf

jǫfr

i19

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

Bœ

nir

be

ini

bra

gna

Bœ

nir

be

ini

fall

ssn

jall

an19

Erfi

drá

pa

om

ko

ng

Har

ald

hår

drå

de

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

67 o

.

dýr

rd

ýru

md

ags

dýr

rd

ýru

mgr

un

dar

He

rmu

nd

i1

Et d

igt

om

He

rmu

nd

r Il

luga

son

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Mag

nú

sm

átti

gsm

angi

hlý

ðó

ðar

man

gian

nan

1H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ypp

ayð

ruJó

tayp

pa

kap

pi

Jóta

fljó

tu1

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þin

nþ

eir

aþ

rifn

uð

rm

eir

iþ

eir

aþ

rifn

uð

rri

fnar

1H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hau

krH

ǫrð

ah

verr

rétt

rd

rótt

inn

hve

rrve

rri

1H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Klj

úfa

kau

pfǫ

rkn

arra

Klj

úfa

dú

fum

inn

stin

nu

2H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hlé

bar

ðs

han

kah

nik

aði

Sein

kun

han

kaǫ́

rb

ára

3H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

He

rski

ph

arð

ah

lun

ni

van

tst

inn

um

geys

te

ystr

a4

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hlý

rh

rist

ih

rím

i*ge

ysti

skh

rist

ih

rím

i*gr

ímu

r4

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skǫ

rum

ske

iðar

skjǫ

ldu

ngr

hvé

lðan

ske

iðar

reið

i4

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vafð

irve

nd

irva

rta*

vafð

irb

ifð

usk

hrø

kk*

søkk

va*

4H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Rau

ðar

ran

dir

rim

mu

Rau

ðar

síð

anYg

grb

yggð

ir5

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

lið

s-ko

stlá

gan

lan

ds

eig

i/ga

ztlá

gan

/lið

s-ko

stla

nd

sh

and

a5

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

tun

guti

l/tí

rar

tekn

irtu

ngu

þin

gate

knir

rekn

u5

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

aust

anu

lfa

ǫld

um

þu

rðu

ferð

arǫ

ldu

msk

jǫld

u5

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Au

stan

allr

aYg

gjar

Au

stan

hæ

stu

mYg

gjar

byg

gðir

6H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

bre

iðas

kb

lága

mm

sb

en

jab

reið

ask

fœð

irko

lgu

do

lgar

6H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fið

rirj

óð

rfj

and

me

nn

falm

afi

ðri

rjó

ðr

yðra

falm

aœ

gish

jalm

i6

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

fjǫ

rvi*

forð

a*fj

and

me

nn

*u

rðu

*fo

rða*

þín

ir*

þín

ir6

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

skyl

dir

skœ

ðan

ske

iðar

bra

nd

sst

ǫkk

þo

kka

ske

iðar

bra

nd

sla

nd

i7

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Un

gan

eyð

iru

lfa

Un

gan

þrø

ngv

agr

áðar

ráð

i7

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

man

gim

ild

ingr

Mœ

ram

angi

mil

din

gr/a

nn

arr

Mœ

raœ

ri8

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Eign

ask

óð

alal

lan

Eign

ask

þe

gna

alla

nsp

jall

i8

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Gjú

ka*

gǫfu

gt*

gerz

kum

*G

júka

*e

iki*

mal

mi*

hja

lma*

9H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hve

rrar

hǫ

mlu

hræ

ðas

k*sa

mn

ask

hǫ

mlu

hræ

ðas

k*kl

æð

i*9

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Síð

ansu

ðr

sikl

ingr

Síð

ansu

ðr/

láð

isi

klin

grm

iklu

m9

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

skíð

isk

rið

arsk

orð

usk

íði

skri

ðar

/au

ðit

sko

rðu

no

rðan

9H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

69

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

stir

ðu

mSt

afan

grst

ǫ́lu

mst

irð

um

no

rðan

stǫ́

lum

álar

10H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

up

pi

élm

ars

eld

iu

pp

ity

pp

ie

ldi

Dan

a-ve

ldi

10H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Ljó

tuly

pti

ng

lau

ðri

Ljó

tuú

tan

lau

ðri

rau

ðu

10H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fast

liga

fúru

fýri

sfa

stli

gagl

æst

rifý

ris

stýr

i10

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

He

yra

he

rskj

ǫld

hil

mis

He

yra

bǫ́

ruð

kun

dr

gru

nd

ar11

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vísi

vald

iðV

en

ða

ald

riva

ldið

Ve

nð

asp

en

ði

11H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

he

pp

inn

*h

lun

ni*

hé

lug*

dró

tt*

slé

ttu

m*

hé

lug*

ste

fjam

éli

11H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

flau

stu

m*

rist

it*

fle

iri

flau

stu

m*

rist

it*

fle

iri

þe

ira

11H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hve

rgi

hal

lir

he

iðit

þo

rði

varð

ah

eið

itb

reið

u12

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

óþ

jóð

eld

iau

ðit

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

eld

iau

ðit

dau

ða

12H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

bu

ðlu

ngr

bo

rgar

-mǫ

nn

um

bjǫ

rtu

mu

nn

uð

bo

rgar

-mǫ

nn

um

bjǫ

rtu

mh

jǫrt

u12

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hæ

stan

hle

nn

ah

yrja

rh

æst

anþ

rýst

irlj

óm

aJó

mi

12H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

verj

a*va

lkǫ

str

vas*

verj

a*h

æri

sigr

*d

igra

*13

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

virð

um

*ví

ða

varg

aku

nn

r*ru

nn

in*

ætt

mæ

tti

13H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fræ

grfe

ngu

ðfǫ

rnu

ðr

yngv

ife

ngu

ðþ

inn

min

na

13H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

skír

aSk

otb

org

arǫ́

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

vald

itSk

otb

org

arǫ́

sorg

um

13H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hla

kkar

hræ

lǫg

hau

kah

lakk

ard

rekk

ah

auka

auka

sk14

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

allv

ald

r*o

fvæ

gr*

ǫrv

aal

lval

dr*

kall

aðr*

ǫrv

agǫ

rvar

14H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

yrki

sefn

iyr

kise

fni

Ále

ifs

He

fnir

yrki

sefn

iÁ

leif

sm

ǫ́lu

m14

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ran

da

rýri

rre

yrar

fjó

rar

rýri

rse

trs

vetr

i14

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

æu

pp

iYg

gjar

Ke

pp

inn

up

pi

Yggj

arb

yggv

isk

15H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

valg

amm

r*vá

pn

a*vi

ðr

valg

amm

r*ri

mm

u*

við

rfi

ðri

*15

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þjó

ðu

mþ

úþ

eir

aþ

jóð

um

síð

anþ

eir

am

eir

a15

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

yngv

iǫ

llja

rl*

yngv

ih

rin

gum

viss

i*m

issa

*15

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ótt

ie

lgju

mœ

ðiv

eð

rsÓ

tti

hæ

tta

œð

ive

ðrs

grœ

ði

16H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hvǫ

ssu

mh

auki

ho

llvi

nr

glík

anh

auki

min

nin

nan

16H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fylk

i*fr

íðra

*fa

rlig

t*sk

ríð

r*fr

íðra

*fa

rlig

t*sn

arla

16H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

fen

gin

sfœ

ðið

fle

stan

goll

se

lla

ald

rtj

ald

i16

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hró

sak*

he

rski

p*

hle

nn

a*h

rósa

k*gl

æsi

r*h

len

na*

bre

nn

i17

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Eigi

jǫfr

ayð

ruEi

gib

ági

naf

ni

haf

na

17H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

rǫð

ull

ren

ni

reið

arh

lun

na

ren

ni

reið

arh

eið

i17

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hvá

rtki

hle

nn

ah

yrfl

ýrþ

reyt

irh

yrst

yrja

r17

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Mǫ

nn

um

mil

din

grM

eit

aM

ǫn

nu

mre

nn

irh

líðir

skíð

i18

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

un

nir

jafn

t/o

f-sa

mt

en

gla

un

nir

ren

ni

en

gla

þe

ngi

ls18

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

grœ

ði

goð

ige

ima

grœ

ði/

lost

ins

goð

i/n

æst

age

ima

he

imi

19H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Eyð

en

dr

els

kain

nd

rótt

*Ey

ðe

nd

rþ

jóð

irin

nd

rótt

*m

inn

um

*19

Hry

nh

en

da,

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ann

arr

ald

riœ

ðri

Skjǫ

ldu

ngr

ald

riœ

ðri

fœð

ask

20H

ryn

he

nd

a, M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

seim

bro

tar*

segj

ase

ggju

mþ

egi

*se

gja

segg

jum

egg

ja1

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hra

ust

rh

ers

kip

Hǫ

rða

hra

ust

rgl

æst

iH

ǫrð

aG

ǫrð

um

1M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

rjó

ðan

da

reið

uró

gǫrs

rjó

ðan

da

reið

uró

gǫrs

gǫrv

a1

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ell

ifu

allr

ao

rmse

trs

ell

ifu

allr

ao

rmse

trs

vetr

a1

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hú

fih

élt

um

hra

ust

rsa

lth

élt

um

hra

ust

rau

stan

2M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hir

ðh

ǫm

luh

erv

æð

rfi

mh

ǫm

luh

erv

æð

rb

ræð

is2

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

bǫ́

rub

rim

logs

brú

nb

ǫ́ru

rýri

brú

nSi

gtú

nu

m2

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

út/

en

nu

ngi

egg

rjó

ðan

di

Þin

gu

ngi

egg

rjó

ðan

di

þjó

ðu

m2

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Svíþ

jóð

søkk

viSv

ein

sG

ekk

søkk

viSv

ein

se

ina

3M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Ále

ifs

aust

anaf

kart

fýst

isk

aust

anaf

kart

hja

rta

3M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

gram

rge

ystu

gífr

sfý

stge

ystu

gífr

sh

lífa

3M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

dag

dró

ttin

sd

ygg

nó

ttd

rótt

ins

dyg

gJa

ðar

byg

gva

3M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

70

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

sve

insí

nu

msó

knd

jarf

rh

ann

sín

um

sókn

dja

rfr

fǫð

ur-

arfi

4M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

auð

vin

óru

mar

msv

ell

sfy

ró

rum

arm

sve

lls

gell

ir4

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Nó

regs

njó

tan

ýtr

léta

tn

jóta

þe

ngi

llle

ngi

4M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Flœ

ði

fylk

irfr

amr

Flœ

ði

reið

ifr

amr

ram

ma

4M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Afk

árli

gja

rla

orð

gnó

ttA

fkár

lig

jarl

ao

rðgn

ótt

dró

ttin

n5

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

fúss

fall

afe

igr

fúss

ræsi

rfe

igr

eig

a5

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gný

grim

mu

mgr

afn

ings

fram

mgr

imm

um

graf

nin

gsh

rafn

i5

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

efn

ðyl

gjar

angr

tæli

rfy

lgð

iyl

gjar

angr

tæli

rm

æla

5M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ǫld

*œ

si*

Jótl

and

ifú

s*œ

si*

Jótl

and

ib

ran

da

6M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

bjó

ðr

bre

iðu

bry

nþ

ings

bjó

ðr

bre

iðu

bry

nþ

ings

feti

lsti

nga

*6

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hal

lrh

rím

ih

léb

orð

sh

allr

soll

inn

hlé

bo

rðs

no

rðan

6M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Segj

aSy

gna

snar

fen

gjan

Segj

aSy

gna

snar

fen

gjan

þe

ngi

l6

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sikl

ingr

síð

ansn

jall

rN

áði

síð

ansn

jall

ral

lri

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

en

gran

nar

ráð

re

ngr

þe

ngi

lláð

rlá

ði

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

dre

ngj

a*d

rótt

ins*

dýr

rm

ǫ́tt

r*d

rótt

ins*

dýr

rst

ýra

7M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

brá

skat

*b

ragn

ings

*b

arn

un

grb

rásk

at*

þro

ski*

bar

nu

ngr

þru

ngi

t7

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

bú

kb

ráð

lab

lóð

ugr

bú

kst

eik

ðan

bló

ðu

grgl

óð

um

8M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ósk

írð

en

ni

allf

rekr

ran

ne

nn

ial

lfre

krh

alla

r8

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Van

nV

inð

r vá

pn

hrí

ðV

ann

min

nir

váp

nh

ríð

síð

an8

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ófá

mJó

mi

illv

irkj

aó

fám

Jóm

iil

lvir

kja

stil

lir

8M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

vals

kaví

ðu

Ve

stla

nd

ira

uð

víð

uV

est

lan

di

bra

nd

a9

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ré

ræsi

rra

mm

þin

gFú

ssræ

sir

ram

mþ

ing

Gla

mm

a9

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hil

mi

Hǫ

rða

hjǫ

rdyn

rva

rðH

ǫrð

ah

jǫrd

ynr

bry

nju

10M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

skap

tsk

ipti

skap

vǫrð

rsk

apt

skip

tisk

apvǫ

rðr

jǫrð

u10

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Óð

øxi

ód

æsi

nn

Óð

bre

iða

ód

æsi

nn

ræsi

r10

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

He

l*h

ausa

*h

en

dr

He

l*fǫ

lva*

he

nd

rsp

en

du

10M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hró

sak*

hu

gfu

lls*

hræ

kǫst

hró

sak*

vísa

*h

rækǫ

stæ

vi*

11M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Svá

sikl

ingr

snar

rSv

áh

ǫ́va

nsn

arr

bar

ri11

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vítt

*vi

ldi

vífs

ǫld

*vi

ldi

vífs

klíf

a11

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ále

ggja

rYg

gjar

alln

áttf

ǫru

llál

egg

jar

Yggj

aral

lnát

tfǫ

rull

mát

tit

11M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

he

fk/h

eyr

th

eit

iH

elg

ane

sV

ítt

he

iti

He

lgan

es

elg

i12

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

rógs

kýja

Ryg

jare

gni

rógs

kýja

Ryg

jare

gni

gegn

um

12M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

røkr

ran

dir

regg

bú

ssǫ

nd

urt

ran

dir

regg

bú

ssle

ggja

12M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

vágs

víð

ava

rgte

itir

vágs

fræ

giva

rgte

itir

mar

ga12

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Bja

rnar

bró

ðu

rb

allr

Ske

iðr

bró

ðu

rb

allr

alla

r13

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þjó

ð*

þe

irar

*þ

inga

t*þ

jóð

*tí

ðar

*þ

inga

t*h

rin

gum

13M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Dǫ

rrd

ren

gja

drj

úgs

pak

rD

ǫrr

har

rid

rjú

gsp

akr

fljú

ga14

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hil

mir

hn

eit

iH

ǫgn

alé

tat

hn

eit

iH

ǫgn

agǫ

gnu

m14

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

eld

r*o

dd

um

*al

mi

glœ

dd

i*o

dd

um

*al

mi

hja

lma

14M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

þyk

tþ

yrn

irþ

él

jǫrn

þyr

nir

har

ðar

asp

arð

an14

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vitn

irva

tni

van

n*

vitn

irva

tni

van

n*

ban

nat

*15

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ǫld

úta

nJó

tlan

dví

ttú

tan

Jótl

and

fljó

ta15

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

varg

rví

kum

valk

ǫst

bú

kví

kum

valk

ǫst

fǫst

u*

15M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Sve

ins

sun

nan

sǫn

du

gm

ann

asu

nn

ansǫ

nd

ug

strǫ

nd

um

15M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iau

ðló

gan

di

Up

pgǫ

ngu

yngv

iau

ðló

gan

di

gnó

ga16

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hil

mir

Hǫ

rða

hjǫ

rþe

yge

rði

Hǫ

rða

hjǫ

rþe

ySk

áne

yju

16M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

71

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

eig

ie

klu

allv

ald

rSv

ike

klu

allv

ald

rgj

ald

a17

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hló

ðh

ála

hir

ðm

en

nh

lóð

téð

uh

irð

me

nn

gre

nn

i17

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

auð

arǫ

rnu

un

grþ

orn

ǫrn

uu

ngr

þu

nga

17M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

full

hu

gað

rfa

lla

Fals

trb

yggv

afu

llh

uga

ðr

fall

aFa

lstr

byg

gva

tygg

i17

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

frǫ́

nFj

ón

ifo

ldfr

ǫ́n

Fjó

ni

sótt

id

rótt

ar18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hil

mir

*h

jart

a*h

ers

kyld

irǫ

rt*

hja

rta*

he

rsky

ldir

fyld

i18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ǫld

ann

anja

fnþ

arfr

min

nis

kan

nan

jafn

þar

frh

rafn

i18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

he

rr*

hǫ́

nu

m*

hri

ngs

erk

srá

ns*

hǫ́

nu

m*

hri

ngs

erk

sm

erk

i18

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gram

s*gǫ

mlu

mgn

óg*

gram

s*gǫ

mlu

mra

usn

*h

ausi

19M

agn

úsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Un

gral

dri

jafn

mil

dr

Un

gr/s

kjǫ

ldu

ngr

skjǫ

ldu

ngr

/ald

rija

fnm

ild

rsk

ilð

an19

Mag

nú

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gǫn

dla

rG

ǫrð

um

gun

nb

ráð

rN

jǫrð

rG

ǫrð

um

gun

nb

ráð

rh

áði

1R

ǫgn

vald

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

46 o

.

afal

dri

él

De

ilð

isk

ald

rié

lþ

éla

r1

Rǫ

gnva

ldsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1046

o.

oss

ork

atja

rls

styr

ko

rkat

mæ

gðfr

ægð

ar2

Rǫ

gnva

ldsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1046

o.

He

ita

hle

yti

he

rþar

frH

eit

ah

leyt

ih

erþ

arfr

gǫrv

a2

Rǫ

gnva

ldsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1046

o.

Sað

rsn

jǫll

um

sólt

jald

ast

illi

rsn

jǫll

um

sólt

jald

aR

ǫgn

vald

i3

Rǫ

gnva

ldsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1046

o.

Hé

tkh

vern

*h

rafn

sH

étk

sǫ́tu

mh

rafn

sja

fnan

*1

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

gram

r*gó

ðar

*ga

gnva

rtlíð

*gó

ðar

*ga

gnva

rtsa

gnir

*1

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

rau

sn*

ræsi

r*R

ǫgn

vald

sra

usn

*ræ

sir*

Rǫ

gnva

lds

gǫgn

um

2Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Orm

sal

lan

alko

stig

r*fe

lli

alla

nal

kost

igr*

hro

sta

2Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

mik

mín

irm

orð

ken

ds

sýn

mín

irm

orð

ken

ds

en

da

3Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þe

ssþ

en

gils

þu

ng

þe

ssse

ssa

þu

ng

un

gir

3Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

alfǫ

ðu

r*ýt

um

jarl

sþ

ýtr*

ýtu

mko

stu

hro

sta*

4Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

slíð

rhu

gað

sse

gja

síð

slíð

rhu

gað

sse

gja

síð

strí

ða

4Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Hil

mir

hja

lma

hre

ggi

Hil

mir

hja

lma

hre

ggi

egg

jar

5Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

œri

Ein

ars

en

grœ

rih

lýra

man

nr

skýr

ann

i5

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

gǫrr

gru

nd

geð

frœ

kngǫ

rrve

rja

geð

frœ

knsœ

kja

5Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

fór

fim

tán

fetr

jóð

rfó

rvæ

rife

trjó

ðr

vetr

a5

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

lan

d*

lofð

un

gs*

lau

st*

lan

d*

kun

dar

*la

ust

*au

stan

6Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Kar

like

nd

uky

nd

óm

End

rke

nd

uky

nd

óm

bry

nju

6Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

fim

mfr

amm

ifl

ugs

tygg

rfi

mm

fram

mi

flu

gsty

ggr

dyg

gvan

6Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

rau

snar

mað

rræ

sis

reið

rra

usn

arm

aðr

ræsi

sre

iðr

ske

iðu

m6

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

jǫrn

ǫ́m

uó

ðh

ǫrð

svǫ́

mu

ǫ́m

uó

ðh

ǫrð

bló

ði

7Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

bro

dd

rb

ifð

usk

bja

rtir

bro

dd

ro

dd

arb

jart

irh

jart

a7

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

stal

lst

ren

gir

stál

stal

lgu

llu

be

itsv

eit

i7

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

skip

skat

nar

skil

itA

tsk

atn

arsk

ilit

þil

jur

7Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sigr

*su

nn

an*

San

dví

k*h

ann

*su

nn

an*

San

dví

k*b

ran

da

8Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

mæ

trm

inn

am

inn

mæ

trn

eyt

id

rótt

inn

fló

tta

8Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gall

gram

sgu

nn

mǫ́

rga

llfe

lli

gun

nm

ǫ́r

sǫ́ru

m8

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Þri

ma

því

git

þat

*Þ

rim

ask

em

risk

jótt

*sp

jótu

m8

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

því

þe

ngi

llþ

at*

un

grþ

en

gill

mán

adag

*fr

ánar

9Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sve

rðsi

klin

grsn

arr

sve

rðb

arð

isk

snar

rh

arra

9Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ulf

se

ggja

re

itt

tugg

ue

ggja

re

itt

he

itir

9Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þar

þin

gaþ

un

nsu

ngu

þin

gaþ

un

nsu

nn

an9

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

72

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

ógn

stœ

rir

Íru

mo

dd

ógn

stœ

rir

Íru

mo

dd

bro

dd

i10

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Hát

tH

jalt

ah

jalm

Hát

td

rótt

inn

hja

lmja

lmi

10Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

he

nd

iH

lǫð

vis

he

rme

nn

he

nd

ifr

æn

di

he

rme

nn

sen

na

10Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

min

nm

átta

rm

ild

rd

rótt

inn

mát

tar

mil

dr

skil

di

10Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

mo

rðke

nn

irm

ǫn

nu

mm

ein

mo

rðke

nn

irm

ǫn

nu

mm

ein

ein

u11

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

bó

lb

ren

du

brá

skat

Týn

du

skb

ren

du

brá

skat

hás

ki11

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

þe

irþ

en

gil

þri

mr

fen

guþ

en

gil

sin

nu

mm

inn

a11

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

reyr

rokn

ura

uð

rst

ǫkk

rokn

ue

ldr

veld

i11

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Ve

itk

Vat

sfjǫ

rðr

vask

*V

eit

kh

eit

irva

sk*

has

ka*

12Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

skjó

ttsk

eið

um

skja

ldb

org

þjó

ðsk

eið

um

skja

ldb

org

mo

rgin

12Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gǫrl

agí

nd

igr

ár-

-gr

ársǫ́

rum

12Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

mín

sm

ann

kyn

s*m

erk

im

íns

man

nky

ns*

me

rki

verk

a12

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

eig

iæ

gio

fvæ

gjan

bæ

gja

13Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sæsó

tti

snar

lyn

dr

dró

ttsó

tti

snar

lyn

dr

jarl

a13

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Ýmis

tu

nn

arír

skva

nn

un

nar

dró

ttsó

tti

14Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Bal

dr

bre

zkar

bra

nn

Bal

dr

ald

ire

ldr

veld

i14

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Rǫ

gnva

lds

ran

dir

ram

lig

un

dra

nd

irra

mli

gga

mla

15Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ein

Engl

ae

ggh

ríð

Ein

Engl

ae

ggh

ríð

síð

an15

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

þar

þu

rðu

þu

nn

gǫr

þar

þu

rðu

þu

nn

gǫr

sun

nan

15Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

he

frh

elm

ing

hri

ngd

rífr

--

hri

ngd

rífr

þin

gat

15Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

hyr

rh

alli

rþ

urr

uh

yrr

þu

rru

he

rdró

ttfl

ótt

a16

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

lau

stlj

óm

ali

md

olg

re

imlj

óm

ali

md

olg

rh

imn

i16

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

jarl

Engl

aæ

ttgr

un

dSt

ǫn

gEn

gla

ætt

gru

nd

stu

nd

um

16Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vé*

vísi

*ve

rðu

ng

--

verð

un

gtu

ngu

16Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vætr

vígl

jóss

varg

ste

ypis

vætr

þó

tti

varg

ste

ypis

gre

ypu

m17

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Mar

grm

illu

mm

ild

ingr

Mar

grb

org

am

ild

ingr

hil

di

17Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ho

rna-

blǫ́

str

hri

stis

kh

ugs

terk

sh

orn

a-b

lǫ́st

rh

rist

isk

hu

gste

rks

me

rki

17Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

jǫrn

ulf

aru

ggs

sku

lfu

ulf

aru

ggs

tugg

u17

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

gre

pp

r*gr

ams*

gagn

gre

pp

r*yp

pa*

gagn

bra

gna

18Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Har

rih

verr

iH

jalt

lan

ds

Har

rih

verr

iH

jalt

lan

ds

bra

nd

a18

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

haf

ði

hre

ggsv

ǫl

hrí

mi

haf

ði

dú

fah

rím

ilím

a19

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hræ

*h

rǫfn

um

*h

egj

ujǫ

fn*

hrǫ

fnu

m*

he

gju

segj

a19

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

eyj

arú

tan

allv

ald

rsl

eit

úta

nal

lval

dr

tjal

di

19Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ek/e

mýt

arja

rla

Ekh

ne

kðu

sætt

vætt

ik19

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

hál

igt

hn

íga

hǫ

rðh

álig

th

níg

ah

ǫrð

bǫ

rðu

sk20

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Ósk

ep

na

up

pi

en

dr

Ósk

ep

na

up

pi

en

dr

ken

di

20Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

me

in*

mil

da*

mǫ

rg*

ǫld

*m

ild

a*m

ǫrg

*R

auð

abjǫ

rgu

m20

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ástm

en

nó

rir

od

dh

ríð

næ

ró

rir

od

dh

ríð

síð

an*

20Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

dre

ifd

reyr

id

økk

rd

reif

/sæ

rd

reyr

id

økk

rkl

økk

va21

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Hvá

rnh

ǫgg

vah

irð

tve

ggja

hǫ

ggva

hir

ðP

étt

lan

dsf

irð

i21

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

me

in*

me

iri*

mín

nó

r*m

eir

i*m

ínn

sín

a21

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

skau

tsk

jald

rim

sko

kkr

skau

tsv

eit

ask

okk

rst

okk

inn

21Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

73

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

he

rr*

Hja

lta*

hja

lm-Þ

rótt

avé

lti*

Hja

lta*

hja

lm-Þ

rótt

ad

rótt

in*

22Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ílen

dra

End

ils

ætt

staf

ríle

nd

raEn

dil

sæ

ttst

afr

knæ

tti

22Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Gra

mr

gǫm

lugu

nn

brá

ðr

Gra

mr

gǫm

lugu

nn

brá

ðr

láð

i22

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

mik

lu*

min

ni*

man

nsp

jǫll

*h

ann

*m

inn

i*m

ann

spjǫ

ll*

ǫll

u22

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

þjó

ðþ

ótt

iÞ

órf

inn

rré

ttþ

ótt

iÞ

órf

inn

rD

yfli

nn

ar23

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Hri

ngs

tríð

ih

lýð

ah

err

Hri

ngs

tríð

ih

lýð

ah

err

Þu

rsas

kerj

um

23Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

sól

svar

tri

søkk

rB

jǫrt

svar

tri

søkk

rd

økk

van

24Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

erf

iði

Au

stra

allr

bre

str

Au

stra

allr

fjǫ

llu

m24

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

goð

*ge

ymi*

gœð

ingr

þe

im*

geym

i*gœ

ðin

grfœ

ðas

k24

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

áðr

Eyju

min

nd

rótt

ar*

áðr

fríð

riin

nd

rótt

ar*

Þó

rfin

ni

24Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Ætt

bœ

tiít

ran

allr

íks

Ætt

bœ

tiít

ran

allr

íks

líkn

a25

Þó

rfin

nsd

ráp

aA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

trú

raty

ggja

Torf

-Ein

ars

trú

rad

ýru

mTo

rf-E

inar

sm

ein

um

25Þ

órf

inn

sdrá

pa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

síð

anse

ggju

msó

lar

tygg

ise

ggju

msó

lar

dœ

mis

tóli

1V

ers

af

ub

est

em

me

lige

dig

te, s

amt

én

lau

saví

saA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Mík

áll

mis

gǫrt

man

vits

fró

ðr

Mík

áll

þyk

kir

man

vits

fró

ðr

góð

a1

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

han

nh

ers

kip

hra

fns*

han

nin

nan

góð

*b

lóð

i2

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

Sikl

inga

sne

kkju

rsæ

lúta

rSi

klin

gasn

ekk

jur

sælú

tar

úti

2V

ers

af

ub

est

em

me

lige

dig

te, s

amt

én

lau

saví

saA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

ek*

arm

ban

d*

eit

t*e

k*þ

akka

*Sk

ǫ́n

un

ga*

hǫ́

nu

m*

3V

ers

af

ub

est

em

me

lige

dig

te, s

amt

én

lau

saví

saA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

eld

rax

lau

lfli

ðs

Be

kks

axla

/ok

ulf

lið

sm

iðli

3V

ers

af

ub

est

em

me

lige

dig

te, s

amt

én

lau

saví

saA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

Kre

isti

knú

tukl

ifs

Kre

isti

lost

na

be

inst

ein

i4

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

ǫld

ald

rió

fúss

ǫld

ald

rió

fúss

Brú

sa5

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

gǫgn

gan

gagó

tt 's

*D

ren

gr 's

gan

gagó

tt 's

*d

rótn

i*5

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

vin

rau

n*

verð

a*va

nd

ligr

hǫ

rð*

verð

a*va

nd

ligr

hǫ

nd

um

5V

ers

af

ub

est

em

me

lige

dig

te, s

amt

én

lau

saví

saA

rnó

rr Þ

órð

arso

n ja

rlas

káld

1000

-110

0

oss

/es

jarl

aró

gnb

ráð

iro

ssþ

ess

iró

gnb

ráð

irrá

ðas

k5

Ve

rs a

f u

be

ste

mm

eli

ge d

igte

, sam

t é

n la

usa

vísa

Arn

órr

Þó

rðar

son

jarl

aská

ld10

00-1

100

þjó

ð*

þín

ar*

þan

nþ

jóð

*íð

ir*

þan

nsa

nn

ar*

1A

f e

t d

igt

om

ko

ng

Sve

rre

(?)

Ásg

rím

r K

eti

lsso

n11

00-1

200

Sigg

œð

irsí

ðan

seim

ǫrr

Sigg

œð

irsí

ðan

seim

ǫrr

Þrá

nd

he

imi

1A

f e

t d

igt

om

ko

ng

Sve

rre

(?)

Ásg

rím

r K

eti

lsso

n11

00-1

200

gim

geis

argó

ðm

en

ni

hú

sge

isar

góð

me

nn

ib

lóð

i1

Et d

igt

om

ko

ng

Ola

f ky

rre

Atl

i lít

li10

70 o

.

Øx

eis

ur

allm

ǫrg

Øx

vaxa

allm

ǫrg

hal

lir

1Et

dig

t o

m k

on

g O

laf

kyrr

eA

tli l

ítli

1070

o.

ken

nis

eið

sku

nn

ikl

ep

pd

ǫgg

ken

nis

eið

sku

nn

ikl

ep

pd

ǫgg

lǫgg

var

1La

usa

vísu

rA

uð

un

ills

kæld

a80

0-90

0

Mað

rm

old

arm

egj

ask

yld

im

old

arm

egj

aþ

egj

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Au

ðu

n il

lskæ

lda

800-

900

he

rkir

hyr

jar

hve

he

rkir

serk

javé

lti

be

lti

2La

usa

vísu

rA

uð

un

ills

kæld

a80

0-90

0

vér

víð

um

vin

dar

Stó

ðu

mví

ðu

mvi

nd

arli

nd

a 2

Lau

saví

sur

Au

ðu

n il

lskæ

lda

800-

900

hyg

g/h

rafn

fjǫ

tursh

vǫtt

uh

lǫkk

hra

fnfj

ǫtu

rsh

vǫtt

u

hlǫ

kkra

kka

2La

usa

vísu

rA

uð

un

ills

kæld

a80

0-90

0

bar

(ib

ar)

bja

lfa

bjú

gssk

elf

isb

jalf

ab

júgs

smjú

ga2

Lau

saví

sur

Au

ðu

n il

lskæ

lda

800-

900

knar

rar

keyp

tak

kyn

stó

rsh

apts

keyp

tak

kyn

stó

rsb

ryn

ju1

En f

lok

om

ko

ng

Ola

fB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1020

o.,

103

0 d

.

snar

rœki

slík

usv

arat

snar

rœki

slík

uu

nn

um

gun

nar

1En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

Hró

ðrs

he

ilan

hag

ken

nan

da

Hró

ðrs

líða

hag

ken

nan

da

þe

nn

a1

En f

lok

om

ko

ng

Ola

fB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1020

o.,

103

0 d

.

orð

eld

aú

thau

ðrs

seld

um

eld

aú

thau

ðrs

trau

ðir

1En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

Sve

ins

sén

arsn

art*

Sve

ins/

rau

nir

rau

nir

/sé

nar

snar

t*b

jart

ar*

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

he

sts

hve

rju

mh

ran

na

he

sts

kost

ih

ran

na

man

ni

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

eld

se

igi

út

--

hrí

ðb

oð

isí

ðan

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

sval

tun

gur*

sun

gu*

sam

ansv

altu

ngu

r*su

ngu

*fó

rum

stó

rar

2En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

svá

sve

igir

sára

eig

isv

eig

irsá

raár

i3

En f

lok

om

ko

ng

Ola

fB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1020

o.,

103

0 d

.

ólít

inn

Áta

ǫn

du

ró

lítin

nÁ

taǫ

nd

ur

han

da

3En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

he

rste

fnir

haf

nak

he

iðm

ild

rh

ers

tefn

irh

afn

akh

eið

mil

dr

leið

um

k3

En f

lok

om

ko

ng

Ola

fB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1020

o.,

103

0 d

.

þar

þrø

ngv

iþ

ínn

un

grþ

røn

gvi

þín

nm

ína

3En

flo

k o

m k

on

g O

laf

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

20 o

., 1

030

d.

74

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Sve

rð/s

tan

da

sun

da

sárs

stan

da

sun

da

sárs

árar

1La

usa

vísa

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

30 d

.

he

rsti

llis

*h

ylli

*h

oll

*h

ers

till

is*

hyl

li*

ho

ll*

goll

i1

Lau

saví

saB

ers

i Ská

ldto

rfu

son

1030

d.

við

víka

*va

sk*

tœka

víka

*e

nd

r*se

nd

ir*

1La

usa

vísa

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

30 d

.

eld

s*e

itt

allv

ald

re

lds*

vild

iral

lval

dr

skal

di

1La

usa

vísa

Be

rsi S

káld

torf

uso

n10

30 d

.

fylk

isfœ

rðu

fárv

erk

Var

ðfœ

rðu

fárv

erk

me

rki

1B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

he

ipt*

hjǫ

rvi

He

imd

alls

gǫr*

hjǫ

rvi

He

imd

alls

seim

a1

Bru

dst

ykke

r af

dig

teB

jarn

i aso

n (

el.

a s

k)

1100

-120

0?

ram

sre

ikar

rau

ðra

ms

him

ni

rau

ðgn

auð

a2

Bru

dst

ykke

r af

dig

teB

jarn

i aso

n (

el.

a s

k)

1100

-120

0?

ýdró

ttu

mǫ́

ttu

éls

ýdró

ttu

mǫ́

ttu

éls

þé

lar

2B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

Ho

lmn

egl

ða

hil

mir

hau

ðrg

jǫrð

Ho

lmn

egl

ða

hil

mir

hau

ðrg

jǫrð

fyri

-bǫ

rðu

m3

Bru

dst

ykke

r af

dig

teB

jarn

i aso

n (

el.

a s

k)

1100

-120

0?

lið

hra

ust

anle

ysti

Lofn

lið

hra

ust

anle

ysti

Lofn

sofn

aðr

4B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

lan

dri

fsle

ngi

lagd

ýrs

lan

dri

fsp

índ

anla

gdýr

sst

ýri

4B

rud

styk

ker

af d

igte

Bja

rni a

son

(e

l. a

sk)

11

00-1

200?

Vas

tví

gsvá

pn

dja

rfr

Vas

tko

sta

váp

nd

jarf

rar

fi1

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

gǫ́tu

ðgr

íðar

góli

g/gǫ

ng

gǫ́tu

ðsó

tagó

lig

jóla

1K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

kyn

nis

k*ka

pp

*K

alfr

kyn

nis

k*m

ǫn

nu

m*

Kal

frsj

alfa

1K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

fyrs

trfu

nd

ifl

ett

ugr

jóts

ken

dr

fun

di

fle

ttu

grjó

tssp

jóta

1K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

Ǫld

ilt/

ór

Erli

ngr

Ǫld

de

ild

um

Erli

ngr

fin

gin

n2

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

rau

nræ

sir

ráð

inn

ljó

sræ

sir

ráð

inn

láð

i2

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

lǫgð

usk

lǫn

dli

ðlǫ

gðu

skEg

ða

þe

ira

me

ira

2K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

blǫ

kkb

lóð

ib

orð

óð

ub

lóð

ib

orð

no

rðan

2K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

varð

vitj

aví

gmó

ðr

varð

Gar

ða

vígm

óð

rb

róð

ir3

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

en

níð

nir

em

kak

en

nm

ann

ae

mka

k/ta

mr

sam

na

3K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

skrǫ

kvi

skil

nað

skjó

ttsk

rǫkv

iyk

karn

skjó

ttsó

ttan

3K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

Au

str

allv

ald

ró

tála

Au

str

ríst

aó

tála

stál

i3

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

líflít

itLu

nd

ún

aþ

itt

lítit

Lun

dú

na

fun

dn

a4

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

jarl

syð

ruó

tála

nið

ryð

ruó

tála

mál

i4

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

Átt

Engl

aó

gnra

kkr

Átt

dró

tni

ógn

rakk

rþ

akka

4K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

fold

fœri

rfr

est

*þ

ér

fœri

rfr

est

*ve

stan

4K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

vígi

varð

aví

gre

ifr

Jǫrð

varð

aví

gre

ifr

Ále

ifi

5K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

satt

'ssó

knsn

jall

rsa

tt 's

veit

tir

snja

llr

fall

inn

5K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

bra

uzt

bra

gnin

gb

ágb

rau

ztn

ýzta

nb

ágfr

ǫ́gu

5K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

stað

Stik

lar

stó

rge

ktSt

ikla

rve

rkm

erk

i5

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

satt

'ssi

tja

Sve

inn

satt

'skn

átti

/sit

jaSv

ein

ne

inn

i6

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

oll

uð

*é

r*jǫ

rð*

oll

uð

*st

illi

r*jǫ

rð*

Gǫ

rðu

m6

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

un

gajǫ

fra

erf

ðH

afa

jǫfr

ae

rfð

hve

rfa

6K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

ken

du

ðK

alfr

kap

pfú

sum

ken

du

ðla

nd

aka

pp

fúsu

mM

agn

úsi

6K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

he

lth

err

Har

ald

sh

elt

spil

tib

róð

urs

on

góð

an7

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

ǫfu

nd

me

nn

ykka

rið

ula

vǫkð

uyk

kar

iðu

lam

iðlu

m7

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

óþ

ǫrf

*ar

faÁ

leif

s ó

þǫ

rf*

arfa

Ále

ifs

mǫ́

lum

*7

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

Þé

rÞ

órb

erg

sþ

ess

*Þ

ér

Þó

rbe

rgs/

hlý

rige

rðu

sk*

verð

ir*

7K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

áræ

ði

eyð

aó

ðfú

ssár

æð

ie

yða

óð

fúss

Brú

sa8

Kal

fsfl

okk

rB

jarn

i Hal

lbja

rnar

son

gu

llb

rárs

káld

1050

c.

Frǫ́

gum

Fin

ns

fylg

ðu

ðFr

ǫ́gu

mm

ági

fylg

ðu

ðd

ylgj

ur

8K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

sæsn

ekk

jur

snar

lalé

ztsn

ekk

jur

snar

laja

rli

8K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

hlé

ði*

hu

gr*

he

iptm

inn

igr

hlé

ði*

téð

uð

he

iptm

inn

igr

Þó

rfin

ni

8K

alfs

flo

kkr

Bja

rni H

allb

jarn

arso

n g

ull

brá

rská

ld10

50 c

.

75

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

líki

leyg

jar

Lofn

fǫgr

leyg

jar

Lofn

sofn

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

09

fræ

gr*

fjó

rða

fle

ina

gerð

um

k*fj

órð

ava

ldtj

ald

i1

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

09

hǫ

rsko

rða

he

yrð

ih

arð

lah

ǫrs

korð

ah

eyr

ði

næ

rvæ

rim

1La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1009

Hé

rm

ynd

ih

œft

*m

ynd

ih

and

arsk

ilju

m*

vilj

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

09

ske

iðsk

rið

ssk

orð

a*sk

eið

be

iða

sko

rða*

bo

rði

2La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1011

Hri

sti

han

dar

he

frH

rist

ifa

sta

dre

ngr

fen

git

2La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1011

vín

s*vi

nn

um

veld

r*st

inn

avi

nn

um

nø

kkva

t*kl

økk

va2

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

11

hry

nja

har

th

lǫð

hry

nja

dýn

ur

hlǫ

ðvǫ

ðva

2La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1011

reið

*R

ínar

*ra

ngl

ǫ́t*

reið

*gl

óð

ar*

ran

glǫ́

t*ga

nga

3La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

Snó

tsv

ein

svin

nSn

ót

hví

tasv

inn

inn

an3

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

har

ðla

he

itir

Hlǫ

kkn

ýth

eit

irH

lǫkk

Rǫ

kkva

3La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

út/

atan

dar

Eyky

nd

ill

spru

nd

and

arEy

kyn

dil

lsk

ynd

a3

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Hé

r-

hát

t-

--

-4

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

he

ill

hu

gh

ér

--

--

4La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

okk

re

igi

orð

s-

--

-4

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

þin

ni

-þ

jóð

vel

--

--

4La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

lítil

lle

ynis

kla

un

karr

sve

inn

leyn

isk

lau

nka

rrfj

arn

ar5

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Jarð

aro

rða

ǫlu

nre

yrar

Jarð

aro

rða

ǫlu

nre

yrar

he

yra

5La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

Eyky

nd

ill

ǫn

du

orð

sæl*

Eyky

nd

ill

ǫn

du

orð

sæl*

mæ

la5

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

brú

ðr*

baz

tar*

bre

ksǫ

mb

rúð

r*rœ

ðu

r*b

reks

ǫm

ne

kkva

t5

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

þar

Þræ

lae

yri

Þo

rðr

þar

/fyr

Þræ

lae

yri

Þo

rðr

forð

um

6La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

ok

auð

ió

dre

ngi

lao

km

iklu

mó

dre

ngi

lage

ngu

ð6

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

allv

el

ort

iro

pts

inn

um

bar

to

rtir

op

tsin

nu

mm

inn

a6

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Þat

þé

rþ

ínÞ

atm

œtt

iþ

ínm

ínu

6La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

lítil

lle

iti

látp

rúð

rlít

ill

leit

ilá

tprú

ðr

dú

ðir

7La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

hit

th

atta

rh

alll

and

hit

t/m

átt

hat

tar

hal

llan

dgr

and

i7

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

byr

jar

bla

kki

brá

tt-

-b

rátt

mát

tir

7La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

ann

ars/

anæ

ðru

ills

snau

ðr

æð

ruku

nn

and

iru

nn

uð

7La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

þe

ssþ

ess

aþ

orn

teig

arþ

ess

þe

ssa

þo

rnte

igar

eig

a8

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

ér/

áO

dd

aeyr

iu

nd

ané

rO

dd

aeyr

iu

nd

anfu

nd

i8

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

þín

's*

þu

rð*

Þo

rðr

þín

's*

ein

u*

Þo

rðr

sko

rðu

8La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

brú

arb

akka

Bre

nn

eyj

a-

-B

ren

ne

yja

skre

yja

8La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

grál

eik

r*go

ldin

n*

gau

ri*

he

ldr*

gold

inn

*ga

uri

*au

ra9

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

rau

nge

tin

nræ

nta

kru

silk

væð

rra

un

geti

nn

ræn

tak

rusi

lkvæ

ðr

bæ

ði

9La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

Sátt

sve

inn

svip

trSá

tt/s

vein

nh

víti

/en

nsv

iptr

gip

tu9

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

ǫ́*

auð

s*ǫ

fun

dau

ðs*

/við

hrí

ðir

*ǫ

fun

dSó

lun

du

m9

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Þá

þu

nn

rar

þǫ

llm

un

þu

nn

rar

þǫ

llfj

ǫll

um

*10

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

rétt

rar*

rau

nar

*rí

klu

nd

uð

vǫ́n

*ra

un

ar*

ríkl

un

du

ðgl

íkan

10La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

son

sæta

sun

nu

gæti

sæta

sun

nu

run

ni

10La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

mik

*m

un

dar

*m

ann

sR

ind

r*m

un

dar

*m

ann

ssa

nn

a10

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

76

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

feld

-fa

grrǫ

ggva

ðan

--

--

11La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

forn

an-

full

u-

--

-11

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Kyr

r-

kom

k-

--

-11

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

kap

psv

el

-ky

rr-

--

-11

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Þrú

ðar

*þ

ýðra

r*þ

orn

s*Þ

rúð

ar*

þýð

rar*

þo

rns*

ho

rni

12La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

ljó

tan

lýti

rli

nn

be

ðs

ljó

tan

lýti

rli

nn

be

ðs

inn

an12

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

Ull

ral

lao

dd

sU

llr

alla

od

ds

Lod

du

12La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

hó

l-N

jǫru

nh

víli

rh

ran

nb

lakk

sh

ól-

Njǫ

run

hví

lir

hra

nn

bla

kks

nak

kvat

*12

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

tvæ

rtí

ritr

úik

*tv

ær

tíri

en

nh

en

nar

*13

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

19

vers

óka

veit

ivá

nli

gtþ

at 's

veit

ivá

nli

gtkv

ánar

13La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

þýð

þe

ira

þe

kkþ

ýðm

óð

irþ

ekk

ske

kki

13La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

mé

rm

eir

a*m

en

-Gru

nd

*þ

ær

'ro

/mé

rm

eir

a*m

en

-Gru

nd

*st

un

du

m*

13La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1019

en

út

allh

vass

en

hra

nn

iral

lhva

ssfa

lla

14La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

Ho

dd

geym

irh

eim

ah

ér*

Ho

dd

geym

irh

eim

am

ann

r*sa

nn

a*14

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

mýg

irm

ǫrv

am

isle

itr

sár

mǫ

rva

mis

leit

rse

lre

itu

m14

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

lókr

leir

ulj

ótr

fœri

rle

iru

ljó

trsk

jóta

14La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

ste

nd

rst

ála

styr

rst

en

dr

lun

di

styr

rfy

rri

15La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

Mis

sin

gM

issi

ng

Mis

sin

gM

issi

ng

Mis

sin

gM

issi

ng

Mis

sin

g15

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

Stan

da

stýr

ilu

nd

arst

aðar

Stan

da

stýr

ilu

nd

arM

issi

ng

Mis

sin

g15

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

glík

r, 's

geir

agu

nn

ste

rkr

glík

r, 's

sœki

rgu

nn

ste

rkr

verk

i15

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

eyk

ian

nas

kǫ

rmǫ́

lugr

hin

ns

ann

ask

ǫrm

ǫ́lu

grgǫ

rva

16La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

ætn

ae

yðir

ein

vígi

str

auð

re

yðir

ein

vígi

sh

níg

a16

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

bǫ

ðse

rkja

rb

irki

be

it*

bǫ

ðse

rkja

rb

irki

egg

*le

ggi*

16La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

kón

akn

ýtir

kom

*V

eit

atkn

ýtir

dre

ngr

*le

ngi

*16

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

veik

veit

ivæ

gja

--

vægj

aæ

gi17

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

haf

vigg

jah

ne

igi

hn

igu

haf

vigg

jah

ne

igi

tve

irge

ira

17La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

Þat

Þó

rðr

þe

ss*

Þat

fré

tti

un

nu

m*

Gu

nn

ar*

17La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

ate

inir

jókk

*at

hit

tum

kta

fn*

hra

fni*

17La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

fall

fle

ygiþ

oll

ifj

ǫrg

ran

dfa

llfl

eyg

iþo

lli

fjǫ

rgra

nd

bra

nd

a18

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

kap

pi*

rad

d*

Kli

fsjǫ

rva

rad

d*

kvíd

du

m*

Kli

fsjǫ

rva

fjǫ

rvi

18La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

son

sjal

fan

sve

rða*

Kal

fssj

alfa

ngo

ðs*

roð

nu

m18

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

þo

rnþ

eyg

iÞ

un

dar

vǫ́gu

mþ

eyg

igr

áps

vǫ́p

nu

m18

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

ran

nru

nn

iru

nn

rra

nn

run

ni

run

nr

Gu

nn

ar19

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

he

sta

hle

ypi

hlu

nn

sh

est

ara

star

hlu

nn

sku

nn

a19

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

þrø

ngv

arþ

eyg

iþ

atse

gja

þe

ygi

bar

nM

arn

ar19

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

œgi

ligr

augu

mið

glík

iœ

gili

grau

gum

iðgl

íki

víka

19La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

báð

arb

lóð

ib

rau

t*b

áðar

bló

ði

bra

ut*

Kal

dam

arsn

auta

*20

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

Yggr

*e

ggja

r*e

nn

*Yg

gr*

egg

jar*

en

n*

ken

ni*

20La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

nú

Nau

ma

Nið

bra

nd

sD

rau

mN

aum

aN

iðb

ran

ds

lan

da

20La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1022

mé

r*m

un

du

m*

Mæ

rin

grke

nd

rm

un

du

m*

Mæ

rin

grvæ

ri20

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

22

vart

verr

ivi

nk*

vart

ort

avi

nk*

inn

a*21

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

alls

en

gae

lju

nal

lssn

illi

latr

skra

tti

21La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

Þræ

taþ

úÞ

órð

rÞ

ræta

be

tri

sku

ld*

vild

ak*

21La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

okr

ort

akís

bjó

ðr

sekr

okr

ísb

jóð

rví

su21

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

77

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

fyrð

afr

egn

afr

amví

sar

ógn

fre

gna

fram

vísa

rd

ísir

22La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

arm

legg

jar

orm

aIl

mr

arm

legg

jar

orm

aIl

mr

hil

mis

22La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

Un

dr

'se

f/e

kki

op

t*U

nd

r 's

be

nd

ad

ren

gr*

len

gru

m*

22La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

he

imh

verj

um

hja

lmfa

ldin

he

imd

rau

mi

hja

lmfa

ldin

skal

di

22La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

me

nm

yrð

im

en

myr

ði

mit

tsv

erð

me

nm

yrð

im

itt

hví

ti23

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

en

ne

inu

mæ

gis

en

n/e

inu

mru

nn

id

ýrs

Mýr

ar23

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

hja

lts

he

nd

ih

røkk

vavǫ

nd

rh

en

di

hrø

kkva

stø

kkva

k23

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

lið

lítit

lítt

Út

lítit

lítt

víti

23La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

sve

it*

segg

ja*

snar

fen

gs*

sve

it*

lítil

*sn

arfe

ngs

*d

ren

gja

24La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

vǫrð

rvǫ́

rum

váp

ne

irar

vǫrð

rvǫ́

rum

váp

ne

irar

fle

iri

24La

usa

vísu

rB

jǫrn

Arn

geir

sso

n h

ítd

œla

kap

pi

1024

skal

d*

skil

di*

skó

lkin

nis

skal

d*

skil

di*

skó

lkin

nis

jólu

m24

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

hra

ust

geð

ih

aust

ih

od

dle

stis

*h

rau

stge

ði

hau

sti

ho

dd

lest

is*

vest

an24

Lau

saví

sur

Bjǫ

rn A

rnge

irss

on

hít

dœ

laka

pp

i10

24

Leif

r-

Loð

hat

tar

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Tve

ir-

trú

ek

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Hám

un

dr

-H

jǫrv

iH

ámu

nd

rG

eir

mu

nd

r-

-1

Lau

saví

sur

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

fœð

at-

fár

--

fár

verr

i1

Lau

saví

sur

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

hag

smið

-H

vat'

sh

agsm

iðb

raga

r-

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Gau

tsgj

afrǫ

tuð

gre

pp

--

gre

pp

óh

ne

pp

an2

Lau

saví

sur

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Yggs

ǫlb

era

óð

s-

-ó

ðs

skap

-Mó

ða

2La

usa

vísu

rB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Skǫ

ld-

skip

smið

--

skip

smið

Við

urs

2La

usa

vísu

rB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Þrú

ðar

þe

ngi

l þ

jófs

--

þjó

fsle

yfa

1R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Hra

fnke

till

he

yra

hre

ingr

óit

--

hre

ingr

óit

ste

ini

1R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

me

yjar

mæ

ri

mǫ

gr-

-m

ǫgr

Hǫ

gna

2R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

góð

gjal

la

gjǫ

ld-

-gj

ǫld

vild

i2

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

hra

fnb

láir

he

fnð

uh

arm

ah

rafn

blá

irh

efn

ðu

har

ma

bar

mar

3R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

dre

yrfá

ard

rótt

ird

rau

m-

-d

rau

mfl

aum

i3

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

róst

ara

nn

iR

and

vés

--

hǫ

fuð

nið

jah

ǫfu

ðn

iðja

3R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

eð

ril

lan

Jǫrm

un

rekr

eð

rvi

ðJǫ

rmu

nre

krva

kna

3R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Leif

ala

nd

ala

ufi

--

fátt

at4

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

set

sve

ita

sókn

arse

tsv

eit

aal

fsgo

lfi

4R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

hræ

vah

ǫgg

nar

he

nd

rd

ǫgg

hǫ

ggn

arh

en

dr

ken

du

sk4

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

bló

ði

bla

nd

inn

bla

nd

inn

--

bru

nn

run

na

4R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

hǫ

rð(u

m)

he

rðim

ýlu

mH

erg

auts

hǫ

rðu

mh

erð

imýl

um

He

rgau

tsb

arð

ir5

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

gerð

(u)

gyrð

ango

lfh

ǫlk

vis

gerð

ugy

rðan

golf

hǫ

lkvi

sfy

lkis

5R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

sne

mst

Sǫrl

isa

mrá

ða

--

sam

ráð

aH

amð

ir5

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

segl

ssi

glu

rsa

um

sse

gls/

nag

lfar

asi

glu

ran

dva

nar

stan

da

5R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

stál

ast

økk

vir

styð

jaM

jǫk

stø

kkvi

rst

yðja

nið

ja6

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

blá

serk

jar

bir

kis

bal

l*b

láse

rkja

rb

irki

sb

all*

alli

r6

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

en

nih

ǫgg

*e

ggja

r*Jó

nak

rse

nn

ihǫ

gg*

egg

jar*

Jón

akrs

son

um

6R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

flau

ms

fjǫ

rvi

fogl

hil

dar

flau

ms

næ

ma

fogl

hil

dar

vild

u6

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

fall

fǫgr

um

flo

tna

segi

kfǫ

gru

mfl

otn

ab

otn

i7

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Ræ

sre

iðar

Rag

nar

r-

-R

agn

arr

sagn

a7

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

78

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

hri

sti-

Sif

hri

nga

hal

s-

-h

als

bǫ

ls8

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

bar

byr

jar

bau

gb

arb

yrja

rb

aug

dra

ugi

8R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

ofþ

err

isæ

ða

ósk

-Rǫ́

n-

-at

þat

8R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

fárh

uga

fœra

feð

rfá

rhu

gafœ

rafe

ðr

veð

r8

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

svá

-se

mlé

t/þ

ótt

ett

i-

-9

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

mal

ma

mæ

tum

me

nm

alm

ah

ilm

im

en

be

nja

9R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

jǫfr

um

ulf

sal

gífr

is-

-al

gífr

isli

fru

9R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Bau

ða

ble

yði

bœ

ti-Þ

rúð

rB

auð

ab

leyð

ib

œti

-Þrú

ðr

mó

ti9

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

he

ldr

Hil

dar

hri

nga

he

ldr

Hil

dar

hri

nga

fin

gi10

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Letr

atlý

ða

lan

da

--

lan

da

san

di

10R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

þry

mre

gin

þre

mja

þró

ttig

þry

mre

gin

þre

mja

þró

ttig

sótt

u10

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

he

ipt*

Hǫ

gna*

hǫ

ð-

-h

ǫð

stǫ

ðva

10R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

reið

rR

eif

nis

rað

aral

fsre

iðr

ske

iði

rað

aral

fsb

rǫ́ð

um

11R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

he

rrh

urð

irH

jarr

and

ah

err

hu

rðir

Hja

rran

da

kyrr

ar11

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

fen

geyð

and

ifl

jóð

afo

rdæ

ða

fen

geyð

and

ifl

jóð

afo

rdæ

ða

ráð

a11

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

hǫ

nd

ho

lmi

hve

ðru

--

hve

ðru

Við

ris

11R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

sókn

Svǫ

lnis

salp

en

nin

gi-

-sa

lpe

nn

ingi

ken

na

12R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Ræ

sre

iðar

Rag

nar

r-

-R

agn

arr

sagn

a12

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

ren

nir

aukn

um

ren

nir

aukn

um

rau

k-

-ra

uk

auka

13R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

øxn

átta

en

nit

un

gl-

-e

nn

itu

ngl

gin

gu13

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

vin

eyj

arví

ðri

vall

rau

f-

-va

llra

uf

hau

fuð

13R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Ge

fjo

nG

ylfa

glǫ

ð-

-gl

ǫð

/djú

prǫ

ðu

lsó

ðla

13R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

sýn

tsn

imm

aso

nr

--

Ald

afǫ

ðrs

vild

i14

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

œgi

rǫ

flu

gbǫ

rðu

en

dis

eið

s-

-e

nd

ise

iðs

ken

di

15R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Ham

rih

œgr

ih

ǫn

d-

-h

ǫn

dla

nd

a15

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Vað

rV

iðri

svi

lgi

Vað

rV

iðri

ssl

akr

rakð

isk

16R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Eyn

æfi

sǫ

nd

riJǫ

rmu

nga

nd

rEy

næ

fis

ǫn

dri

Jǫrm

un

gan

dr

san

di

16R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

bo

rðró

ins

bar

ða

bra

uta

rb

orð

róin

sb

arð

aþ

ven

gre

nn

17R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

hau

ssp

ren

giH

run

gnis

har

ðge

ðr

hau

ssp

ren

giH

run

gnis

har

ðge

ðr

star

ði

17R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

hrø

kkvi

áll

hro

kkin

nh

ekk

hrø

kkvi

áll

hro

kkin

nh

ekk

dre

kku

18R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

forn

sfl

otn

afa

ngb

oð

aLi

tar

flo

tna

fan

gbo

ða

ǫn

gli

18R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

Vil

dit

vrǫ

ngu

mvá

gs-

-vá

gsæ

gi19

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

mæ

tygi

lm

áva

mœ

rar

--

mœ

rar

Þó

ri19

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

man

na

mar

gra

mu

nd

lau

g-

-m

un

dla

ug

augu

m20

Rag

nar

sdrá

pa

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

varp

víð

avi

nd

a-

-vi

nd

aǫ

nd

urd

ísar

20R

agn

arsd

ráp

aB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

sim

bli

sum

bls

sun

drk

ljú

frsi

mb

lisu

mb

ls-

-1

Ub

est

em

me

lige

ve

rsB

ragi

en

n g

amli

Bo

dd

aso

n80

0-85

0

yðru

me

ykju

map

tr-

-Þ

ríva

lda

hal

dit

1U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

lofð

arlít

alu

ng

--

lun

gG

un

gnis

2U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Eld

jǫ

fri

ǫln

ao

faf

/jǫ

fri

be

kks

dry

kkju

3U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

fjǫ

rnis

fjal

la

fyll

i-

-fy

lli

stil

lis

3U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

vin

vers

tan

vast

rǫd

d-

-va

strǫ

dd

baz

tan

4U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

Ála

un

dir

kúlu

ón

iðra

ðan

Ála

un

dir

kúlu

ón

iðra

ðan

þri

ðja

4U

be

ste

mm

eli

ge v

ers

Bra

gi e

nn

gam

li B

od

das

on

800-

850

hlj

óð

rh

ríð

arh

yrsv

eig

irh

ljó

ðr

hrí

ðar

hyr

sve

igir

eig

i1

Lau

saví

saD

agst

yggr

Þó

rðar

son

1100

-120

0

sœki

sára

sun

nan

sára

tíra

sun

nan

run

na

1La

usa

vísa

Dag

styg

gr Þ

órð

arso

n11

00-1

200

en

dr

óru

mal

drt

jón

en

dr

fun

di

ald

rtjó

nsk

jald

ar1

Lau

saví

saD

agst

yggr

Þó

rðar

son

1100

-120

0

glað

rgœ

ði

geir

hrí

ðar

glað

rgœ

ði

geir

hrí

ðar

skrí

ða

1La

usa

vísa

Dag

styg

gr Þ

órð

arso

n11

00-1

200

79

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

fald

-Gn

áar

feld

afe

llr

fald

-Gn

áar

feld

afe

llr

Ellu

1A

ðal

ste

insd

ráp

a (c

a. 9

26)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

hja

ldr-

sne

rran

dih

arra

hǫ

fuð

bað

mr

hja

ldr-

sne

rran

di

har

rah

ǫfu

ðb

aðm

rjǫ

fra

1A

ðal

ste

insd

ráp

a (c

a. 9

26)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

hé

r*h

yrja

r*h

ran

nb

rjó

tr*

sve

rju

m*

hyr

jar*

hra

nn

brj

ótr

*ko

nu

ngm

ann

i1

Að

alst

ein

sdrá

pa

(ca.

926

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

Að

alst

ein

nan

nat

alt

'sva

nn

ann

atlæ

gra

kyn

fræ

gju

m1

Að

alst

ein

sdrá

pa

(ca.

926

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

hæ

sth

rau

stu

mh

rein

bra

ut

hæ

sth

rau

stu

mh

rein

bra

ut

Að

alst

ein

i2

Að

alst

ein

sdrá

pa

(ca.

926

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

hra

fnst

ýran

di

hræ

rah

regn

a-

-h

regn

afr

egn

ask

1B

eru

drá

pa

(o. 9

75)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

5 c.

a.

op

tar

nar

ǫrð

op

tkj

apta

ǫrð

Hǫ

rða

1B

eru

drá

pa

(o. 9

75)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

5 c.

a.

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

þe

gnþ

agn

arþ

inn

mín

a1

Be

rud

ráp

a (o

. 975

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

975

c.a.

fúss

fors

afa

llh

add

sH

eyr

ifo

rsa

fall

had

ds

stal

la1

Be

rud

ráp

a (o

. 975

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

975

c.a.

fle

yfa

grar

fara

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

907

o.

mæ

lti

mó

ðir

mé

r-

--

-1

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n90

7 o

.

hal

da

haf

nar

hǫ

ggva

--

man

nan

nan

1La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

907

o.

stan

da

staf

ni

stýr

a-

-st

ýra

dýr

um

1La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

907

o.

brj

ótr

blé

tuð

bra

gðví

san

--

bra

gðví

san

dís

ir2

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 o

.

bra

gðb

rugð

itB

árø

ðr

bra

gðb

rugð

itB

árø

ðr

fári

2La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

923

o.

Sǫgð

uð

sve

rrif

lagð

asu

mb

lekl

uSǫ

gðu

ðsv

err

ifla

gða

sum

ble

klu

he

rku

mb

la2

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 o

.

alls

illa

óku

nn

aal

lsil

laó

kun

na

hjǫ

rru

nn

a2

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 o

.

oss

eir

iǫ

l-

--

-3

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

Rís

tum

rún

rjó

ðu

m-

--

-3

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

veig

vilj

um

vel

--

glýj

aðra

þýj

a3

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

orð

eyr

na

óð

s-

-ó

ðs

við

ar3

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

Ǫl

Ǫlv

iǫ

lǪ

lǪ

lvi

ǫl

fǫlv

an4

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

ǫll

un

gis

illa

od

dsk

ýsǫ

llu

ngi

sil

lao

dd

skýs

nýs

a4

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

atge

ira

úra

ýrin

gat

geir

aú

raýr

ing

skýr

a4

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

rign

a*re

gni*

regn

bjó

ðr

rign

a*re

gni*

regn

bjó

ðr

þe

gna*

4La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

923

c.a.

hás

alar

He

ljar

he

lge

ngn

irh

ásal

arH

elj

arh

elg

en

gnir

dve

lja

5La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

923

c.a.

leys

tsk

List

alá

ðva

rðað

arle

ysts

kLi

sta

láð

varð

aðar

garð

i5

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

3 c.

a.

du

ld

rjú

gan

dáð

mil

dr

fága

kd

rjú

gan

dáð

mil

dr

Gu

nn

hil

dar

5La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

923

c.a.

þri

fre

ynis

þjó

nar

þrí

rþ

rifr

eyn

isþ

jón

arn

akkv

arir

Hla

kkar

5La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

923

c.a.

leit

iLu

nd

arlý

ða

--

lýð

ab

ráð

ast

6La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

dǫ́

ðd

rýgj

ad

alm

isku

nn

eig

um

drý

gja

dal

mis

kun

nfi

ska

6La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

Up

pó

rum

ulf

só

rum

sve

rðu

mta

nn

litu

ðr

glit

ra6

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

sjǫ

tsó

lar

seið

--

ófa

gran

vigr

a6

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

bló

ðgu

mb

ran

di

be

nþ

iðu

rr-

--

-7

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

bló

ðga

bú

kab

org

hli

ði

--

--

7La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

reið

irró

stu

rra

nn

--

ran

nm

ann

a7

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

gjal

lan

da

geir

iga

ngr

--

gan

grví

kin

gum

7La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

sun

dsa

nd

isn

arfe

ngr

sun

dsa

nd

isn

arfe

ngr

dre

ngj

a8

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

vel

varð

iví

kin

grb

arð

isk

varð

iví

kin

grrí

ki8

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

4 c.

a.

hø

lzti

har

ða

hrí

ðG

erð

um

har

ða

hrí

ðsí

ðu

8La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

aust

ru

nn

arEy

vin

dr

aust

rh

est

iEy

vin

dr

skre

yja

8La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

924

c.a.

þin

ghar

ðan

*þ

en

gil*

þan

n*

þin

ghar

ðan

*þ

en

gil*

þan

n*

ann

an9

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

Ále

ifr

jǫfr

ió

ttÁ

leif

rjǫ

fri

ótt

fló

tta

9La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

jǫrð

Engl

aA

lfge

irs

jǫrð

ske

rðir

Alf

geir

sh

alfa

9La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

glap

stíg

ugn

óga

Go

ðre

kr-

-G

oð

rekr

tro

ðn

a9

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

80

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

óð

isk

ekk

ija

rlm

ann

sG

ekk

ekk

ija

rlm

ann

sb

ani/

snar

la10

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

he

lnau

ð*

hyl

jah

arm

he

lnau

ð*

hyl

jah

arm

bar

ma

10La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

vér

verð

um

Vín

ujǫ

rðve

rðu

mV

ínu

mín

um

10La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

þre

klu

nd

aðr*

Þu

nd

arÞ

óro

lfr*

þre

klu

nd

aðr*

Þu

nd

arÞ

óro

lfr*

stó

rum

10La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

Val

kǫst

um

vest

anva

ng

Val

kǫst

um

vest

anva

ng

me

rkis

tan

gir

11La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

ótt

él

Að

jils

ótt

sótt

akA

ðji

lsN

aðri

11La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

un

grEn

gla

Ále

ifr

un

grEn

gla

Ále

ifr

stál

a11

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

he

lth

rafn

arH

rin

grh

elt

sult

uH

rin

grvá

pn

aþin

gi11

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

rau

ðm

eld

rsre

iða

ræð

rra

uð

me

ldrs

reið

aræ

ðr

bræ

ðir

12La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

Hra

mm

tan

gar

han

gah

ryn

virg

ilH

ram

mta

nga

rh

anga

hry

nvi

rgil

bry

nju

12La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

gelg

juga

lga

geir

veð

rsge

lgju

galg

age

irve

ðrs

me

ira

12La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

Hǫ

ðr

hau

kih

eið

isH

ǫð

rtr

oð

nu

mh

eið

isvi

nga

me

iði

12La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

hva

rms

har

mi

hn

úp

gníp

ur

hva

rms

har

mi

hn

úp

gníp

ur

drú

pa

13La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

925

c.a.

ýgr

augu

mar

msí

ma

ýgr

augu

mar

msí

ma

grím

u13

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

gram

rge

rðih

ǫm

rum

gru

nd

argr

amr

gerð

ihǫ

mru

mgr

un

dar

hru

nd

it13

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

es

en

nis

ósl

étt

ur

fan

k/þ

ann

en

nis

ósl

étt

ur

rétt

i13

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

5 c.

a.

Óky

nn

ie

nn

isu

ng

Óky

nn

ie

nn

isþ

orð

akfo

rðu

m14

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

be

rg-"

ón

eri

s"b

rún

ab

rátt

be

rg-"

ón

eri

s"b

rún

ab

rátt

hvá

ta14

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

hau

kah

efj

aH

línkl

ifs

he

fja

Hlín

mín

ar14

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

feld

fold

arfa

ldr

feld

fold

arfa

ldr

skal

di

14La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

Sef/

Sku

ldar

sjal

dan

sorg

Sku

ldar

sjal

dan

sorg

bo

rgar

15La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

nið

jerf

iN

arfa

naf

nn

iðje

rfi

Nar

fan

afn

daf

nar

15La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

926

c.a.

geir

-Ró

tugǫ

tva

gnýþ

ings

geir

-Ró

tugǫ

tva

gnýþ

ings

fin

gru

m15

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

rógs

ræsi

sre

ife

nd

rró

gsve

igu

mre

ife

nd

rþ

reif

a15

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n92

6 c.

a.

nad

dh

rist

irn

isti

sn

orn

nad

dh

rist

irn

isti

sn

orn

bo

rna

16La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

auð

kon

re

iða

eið

sœrt

auð

kon

re

iða

eið

sœrt

gre

iða

16La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Þýb

orn

aþ

orn

aþ

orn

Þýb

orn

aþ

orn

aþ

orn

ho

rna

16La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

sýsl

irsí

na

sín

girn

ðh

ann

sín

así

ngi

rnð

Ǫn

un

dr/

mín

a16

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

fjǫ

tfo

ldar

fold

de

ild

um

fold

arfo

ldgo

ldin

17La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

sim

laso

rgar

slík

næ

rgis

sorg

arrǫ́

nh

ǫ́n

um

17La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Erfi

ngi

arfi

arfl

júgr

Erfi

ngi

arfi

arfl

júgr

svar

fa17

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

han

sh

eit

um

hó

tun

mœ

tik

he

itu

mh

ótu

nÞ

yrn

ifó

tar

17La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

víti

várr

arví

geld

sví

tisv

eit

arví

geld

sfe

lda

18La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

sárl

axa

Sýra

rse

nd

rsá

rlax

aSý

rar

sen

dr

he

nd

i18

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

be

int

bjú

gra

bif

þo

rnd

igr

bjú

gra

bif

þo

rnri

fja

18La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

þry

mrǫ

gnir

þe

gna

þró

tth

arð

rþ

rym

rǫgn

irþ

egn

aþ

rótt

har

ðr

varð

ak18

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

leið

isk

lofð

ala

nd

ǫ́ss

leið

isk

strí

ði

lan

dǫ́

ssgr

and

ar19

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

goð

gjal

da

gram

skyl

di

gjal

da

bǫ

nd

hǫ

nd

um

19La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

reið

rǫgn

rǫ́n

reið

Óð

inn

rǫ́n

hǫ́

nu

m19

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

folk

mýg

ifl

œja

Fre

yr-

-N

jǫrð

rjǫ

rðu

m19

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

læla

un

atla

nd

reks

tr-

-la

nd

reks

trgr

and

at20

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

ble

kkir

brœ

ðra

brú

ðfa

ng

ble

kkir

søkk

vab

rúð

fan

gla

nga

20La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Lǫgb

rigð

irla

gða

lin

dal

fsLǫ

gbri

gðir

lagð

ali

nd

alfs

sjǫ

lfu

m20

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

Gu

nn

hil

di

gjal

da

gre

ypt

'sG

un

nh

ild

igj

ald

ah

en

nar

þe

nn

a20

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

81

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Bo

rsb

eð

jub

lóð

in

iðja

rb

eð

jub

lóð

iFr

óð

a21

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

féfo

rðu

mfj

arð

-ǫln

ava

rðak

forð

um

fjar

ð-ǫ

lna

skǫ

rðu

m21

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

lyn

gsle

ngi

ljó

she

ims

lyn

gsle

ngi

ljó

she

ims

þe

ima

21La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Be

rg-Ǫ

nu

nd

be

nju

mb

en

sœfð

anB

erg

-Ǫn

un

db

en

jum

be

nsœ

fðan

ven

jask

21La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Bló

ðø

xar

bló

ði

bǫ

ðm

ild

rB

lóð

øxa

rb

lóð

ib

ǫð

mil

dr

Gu

nn

hil

dar

22La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

vér

virð

akví

gle

iptr

Bǫ

rðu

mk

virð

akví

gle

iptr

he

ipti

r22

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

ste

nd

rsk

ynd

ist

arf

ste

nd

rsk

ynd

ist

arf

karf

a22

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

þar

þó

/þo

llar

þre

ttán

fell

uþ

oll

arþ

rett

ánm

ána

22La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

Ge

stil

sgu

stu

mga

nd

rG

est

ils

gust

um

gan

dr

bra

nd

i23

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

stó

rtst

áli

staf

nkv

ígs

Þé

lst

áli

staf

nkv

ígs

jafn

an23

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

sval

bú

inn

selj

usv

erf

rsv

alb

úin

nse

lju

eir

arþ

eir

i23

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

4

út

éla

and

œrr

út

me

itli

and

œrr

van

dar

23La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

934

sísk

elf

irsj

alfa

nsn

arþ

ǫ́tt

sísk

elf

irsj

alfa

nsn

arþ

ǫ́tt

átta

r24

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

ofr

hu

gayf

rin

nu

nd

aro

frh

uga

yfri

nn

un

dar

fun

din

n24

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

em

k/jó

Ívu

angr

be

ittu

mK

om

inn

em

kan

grb

eit

tum

lan

gan

24La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

936

ǫld

ue

nsk

rar

atsi

tjan

da

ǫld

ufo

ldar

atsi

tjan

da

vitj

a24

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

œð

ri-

allv

ald

s-

--

-25

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

gat

-gǫ

fugl

un

du

m-

--

-25

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

hja

lma

-h

ilm

ir-

--

-25

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

leit

t-

ljó

tr-

-þ

ótt

ljó

tr25

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

rógn

aðra

regn

irá

ða

rógn

aðra

regn

irá

ða

áðan

26La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

936

mjǫ

km

ága

mǫ

gnu

ðr

hu

grm

ága

mǫ

gnu

ðr

fagn

a26

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

6

arfs

tóli

Ála

attg

ǫfg

uð

um

arfs

tóli

Ála

attg

ǫfg

uð

um

hat

tar

26La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

936

Svar

tbrú

nu

msj

ón

um

san

nsp

árSv

artb

rún

um

sjó

nu

msa

nn

spár

vára

26La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

936

hn

ígra

th

oll

ah

jalp

en

dr

allr

ho

lla

hja

lpe

nd

rgj

alp

ar27

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

leið

ljó

tala

nd

be

iðað

ar-

-la

nd

be

iðað

arre

iði

27La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

en

no

pta

rrar

nst

alls

þar

op

tarr

arn

stal

lssj

ǫtu

l-b

jarn

ar27

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

gau

krgl

amm

aga

mm

--

gam

mþ

ram

ma

27La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

alfe

igu

mœ

gir

augu

mal

feig

um

œgi

rau

gum

bau

ga28

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

bít

rb

lóta

rb

ǫn

db

ítr

bló

tar

bǫ

nd

Gǫ

nd

lar

28La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

mjǫ

km

ann

i*m

ey*

ban

na*

man

ni*

me

y*h

eyj

a28

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Frið

geir

ifœ

rifǫ

rum

Frið

geir

ifœ

rifǫ

rum

sǫrv

ar28

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

lítil

lar

Ljó

tile

iklít

illa

rLj

óti

leik

ble

ikan

29La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

vígs

vægð

arvǫ́

nví

gsvæ

gðar

vǫ́n

hǫ́

nu

m29

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

skap

ask

jǫld

usk

œru

-dre

ngr

--

skœ

ru-d

ren

grM

œri

29La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

bif

tein

ib

œn

arb

ryn

jub

ifte

ini

bœ

nar

bry

nju

syn

ja29

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Ljó

tlíf

ile

iku

mst

ýfu

mlíf

ile

iku

mb

leik

an30

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

reyn

um

ran

dar

rjó

ðu

mre

ynu

mra

nd

ar/m

ána

rjó

ðu

mb

lóð

i30

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Hǫ

ggu

mh

jalt

ah

œfu

m-

-rǫ

nd

bra

nd

i30

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

kyrr

um

kap

pa

kom

i*ky

rru

me

rrin

nǫ

rn*

jǫrn

um

30La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

fast

fre

star

fle

ind

ǫgg

var

fast

fre

star

fle

ind

ǫgg

var

hǫ

ggu

m31

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

hræ

ðis

kh

od

da

hap

pla

uss

hræ

ðis

kb

eið

irh

app

lau

sska

pp

i31

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Fyri

rfú

rafl

óð

stø

kkva

nd

iFy

rir

fúra

fló

ðst

økk

van

di

nø

kkva

t31

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

váb

eið

aví

ðan

vǫll

váb

eið

aví

ðan

vǫll

skal

la31

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

82

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

gný

geir

aga

man

leik

rm

ér

geir

aga

man

leik

rb

leik

an32

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

ulf

gre

nn

iru

nn

ite

iru

lfgr

en

nir

un

nit

eir

Frið

geir

i32

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Fell

fle

stfó

tFe

llil

lafó

tLj

óti

32La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

lón

sla

un

alo

gbrj

óta

nd

aló

ns

lau

na

logb

rjó

tan

da

mó

ti32

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

afls

ýti

ǫrm

álga

stan

--

ǫrm

álga

stan

hjǫ

rva

33La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

jaxl

bró

ðu

re

yða

ek

jaxl

bró

ðu

re

yða

sau

ðn

auð

um

33La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

Be

itat

bru

gðu

mb

lár

--

Dra

gve

nd

ill

ran

dir

33La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

afe

ggja

rA

tli

--

fram

msk

amm

i33

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

goll

knap

pað

argr

ep

pi

getk

goll

knap

pað

argr

ep

pi

getk

be

tra

34La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

Sjal

fráð

isl

œð

ur

silk

iSj

alfr

áði

slœ

ðu

rd

ren

grfe

ngi

t34

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

Ari

nb

jǫrn

árn

ate

irar

lau

stA

rin

bjǫ

rnár

nat

eir

arla

ust

me

iri

34La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

938

síð

segg

rsl

íkr

síð

fœð

ask

slík

rrí

ki34

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n93

8

verð

vátt

avæ

tti

Títt

vátt

avæ

tti

hæ

ttak

35La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

þu

ng

þe

ssar

þin

nþ

un

ggǫ

ngu

þin

nki

nn

alǫ́

/min

ni

35La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

gest

rgi

stir

gjǫ

ldge

str

gist

irgj

ǫld

sjal

dan

35La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

Árm

óð

i*œ

ðri

ǫlð

ra*

Árm

óð

i*œ

ðri

dre

gg*

ske

ggi*

35La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

leif

um

Lau

fale

ikst

œri

rle

ifu

mLa

ufa

leik

stœ

rir

fœri

36La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

hro

sta

ho

rni

ho

rns

tjǫ

rnh

orn

ih

orn

sm

orn

i36

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

ór

Ekki

lse

ykrí

ðr

Dre

kku

mEk

kils

eyk

ríð

rtí

ðu

m36

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

ho

rna

he

nd

ih

vert

sun

dh

en

di

full

Ull

i36

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

oss

'só

gnar

ótt

alau

sto

ss 's

hve

ssi

ótt

alau

std

ótt

ur

37La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

þe

ygi

þe

nn

aþ

ykkj

ask

mu

nt

þe

nn

aþ

ykkj

ask

dry

kkju

37La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

veg

vap

pa

vítt

gre

pp

vap

pa

vítt

hlít

a37

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

ills

ǫgu

llýt

irar

mli

nn

sN

ýtr

ýtir

arm

lin

ns

sin

nar

37La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

mǫ

rgu

mm

ann

im

yrkv

an-

--

-38

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

rún

arrí

sta

ráð

a-

--

-38

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

telg

ðu

tálk

ni

tíu

--

--

38La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

lau

kali

nd

ila

ngs

--

lan

gsfe

ngi

t38

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

sam

togi

sve

rða

svar

tbrú

nu

m-

-sv

artb

rún

um

hja

rta

39La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

hlíf

ah

ne

itik

níf

um

hja

ldrg

oð

sh

lífa

hn

eit

ikn

ífu

mh

jald

rgo

ðs

roð

nu

m39

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

en

/ef/

ek/

em

átta

esa

t-

-to

lfsk

elf

i39

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n95

1

ferk

fjó

rafæ

rat

ferk

fjó

rase

xve

xli

39La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

951

ein

nát

tae

n/e

llif

u-

--

-40

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n96

5

val

varg

iva

rðk

--

ein

nb

ani

40La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

965

em

blu

aski

eld

--

valb

asta

kast

at40

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n96

5

har

th

eip

tum

hlíf

arsk

iptu

mk

he

iptu

mh

lífar

ske

lfik

níf

um

40La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

965

hau

ksh

and

anh

áfjǫ

ll-

-h

áfjǫ

lld

igu

lsn

jávi

41La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

970

jarð

aro

rðu

me

yne

glð

aja

rðar

/gjǫ

rðo

rðu

mja

rðar

he

glð

u41

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0

Þve

rra

þe

irs/

þve

rðu

þin

gbir

tin

gar

Þve

rra

þve

rðu

þin

gbir

tin

gar

Ingv

a41

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0

mil

dra

*m

ann

a*m

áre

itar

--

már

eit

arle

ita?

*41

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0

vel

vatn

avi

ggrí

ðan

di

mát

tiva

tna

vigg

ríð

and

ib

íða

42La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

965

haf

skíð

ah

lœð

ih

ljó

ten

dr

haf

skíð

ah

lœð

ih

ljó

ten

dr

grjó

ti42

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n96

5

son

rsv

ikvi

nn

svik

*m

iksv

ikvi

nn

svik

*kv

ikva

n42

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n96

5

Ákk

ake

rfin

ytja

arfa

--

arfa

þar

fan

42La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

965

83

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

mé

rm

inn

arm

ǫgr

--

mǫ

grfǫ

gru

43La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

978

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

jǫrð

orð

um

en

dr

he

nd

i43

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

8

ek

ork

aar

fa-

-ar

faþ

arfa

r43

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

8

bǫ

lsb

ind

ask

Blu

nd

r-

-B

lun

dr

un

dru

mk

43La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

978

Val

svǫ́

fur

váfa

llr

Val

sh

els

isvá

fall

rsk

alla

44La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

bla

utr

be

rgif

óta

rb

orr

bla

utr

be

rgif

óta

rb

orr

þo

rrin

44La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

jarð

gǫfu

gro

rðu

mo

rðja

rðgǫ

fugr

orð

um

orð

forð

um

45La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

gram

sga

mn

ige

irs

gram

sga

mn

iH

amð

isfr

amð

i45

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n98

0

bli

nd

rb

ran

da

bið

kb

lin

dr

bra

nd

ae

irar

geir

a45

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n98

0

har

mh

varm

ah

nit

vǫlu

mh

arm

hva

rma

hn

itvǫ

lum

sitj

a45

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n98

0

eig

um

ekk

jur

allk

ald

ar-

--

-46

Lau

saví

sur

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n98

0

karl

-ko

nu

ngs

--

--

46La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

Lan

gt-

ligg

--

--

46La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

þæ

r-

þu

rfu

--

--

46La

usa

vísu

rEg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

980

lofs

lýsa

ljó

sgar

ð-

-lj

ósg

arð

bar

ða

1Sk

jald

ard

ráp

a (c

a. 9

70)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0 c.

a.

he

imh

en

di

ho

dd

sen

dis

kom

he

imh

od

dse

nd

ise

nd

a1

Skja

ldar

drá

pa

(ca.

970

)Eg

ill S

kall

agrí

mss

on

970

c.a.

gru

nd

arG

ylfa

glau

ms

--

glau

ms

tau

mar

1Sk

jald

ard

ráp

a (c

a. 9

70)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0 c.

a.

ér

orð

ae

rðgr

óin

s-

-e

rðgr

óin

sve

rða

1Sk

jald

ard

ráp

a (c

a. 9

70)

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n97

0 c.

a.

Vrǫ

ngu

varr

arva

rrar

Vrǫ

ngu

Gu

ngn

islu

ngs

stu

ngi

nn

1U

be

ste

mm

eli

gt b

rud

dst

ykke

Egil

l Ska

llag

rím

sso

n90

0-98

3 o

.

vǫ́n

*ve

rði*

váp

nh

ríð

*h

ǫrð

*ve

rði*

váp

nh

ríð

*b

íða

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 976

).Ey

jólf

r V

alge

rðar

son

985

d. c

.a.

Go

rms

gǫm

luG

and

víkr

--

Gan

dví

krla

nd

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

76).

Eyjó

lfr

Val

gerð

arso

n98

5 d

. c.a

.

Hro

pts

he

rða

hlj

óð

verð

um

he

rða

hlj

óð

rjó

ða

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 976

).Ey

jólf

r V

alge

rðar

son

985

d. c

.a.

váp

nve

rði

verð

i-

-ve

rði

sve

rða

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 976

).Ey

jólf

r V

alge

rðar

son

985

d. c

.a.

Sín

Sifj

arsn

arla

Sín

rún

isn

arla

karl

i1

Et d

igt

om

To

rEy

ste

inn

Val

das

on

1000

c.a

.

ho

rnst

rau

mH

rím

nis

hrœ

rah

orn

stra

um

Hrí

mn

ish

rœra

veið

arfœ

ri1

Et d

igt

om

To

rEy

ste

inn

Val

das

on

1000

c.a

.

bra

ttra

rb

rau

tar

bau

gb

ratt

rar

bra

uta

rb

aug

augu

m2

Et d

igt

om

To

rEy

ste

inn

Val

das

on

1000

c.a

.

œst

isk

áðr

ǫgg

sœ

stis

kfl

aust

ib

úð

Þrú

ðar

2Et

dig

t o

m T

or

Eyst

ein

n V

ald

aso

n10

00 c

.a.

Svá

sýju

r*se

iðr

Svá

brá

seið

rb

reið

ar*

3Et

dig

t o

m T

or

Eyst

ein

n V

ald

aso

n10

00 c

.a.

jarð

arú

t/at

Ull

sja

rðar

bo

rði

Ull

ssk

ull

u3

Et d

igt

om

To

rEy

ste

inn

Val

das

on

1000

c.a

.

fǫ́u

m*

forn

ara*

fljó

tt*

--

fljó

tt*

dró

tni

1La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

hn

ep

t*h

vass

ah

efn

en

dr

oss

*h

vass

ah

efn

en

dr

efn

i*1

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Bló

ðø

xar

be

iða

bra

kþin

gsB

lóð

øxa

rb

eið

ab

rakþ

ings

feti

lsti

nga

1La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

van

tvi

lda

veg

he

ldr

vild

ave

gse

gja

1La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

rekr

Rak

na

rym

leið

rekr

Rak

na

rym

leið

bre

iðan

2La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

bil

i*b

ǫlv

a*b

orð

mœ

rar

bil

i*b

ǫlv

a*b

orð

mœ

rar

fœra

2La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

gríp

um

*gr

eip

ar*

gun

nb

orð

*gr

ípu

m*

gre

ipar

*gu

nn

bo

rð*

sun

nan

2La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Njǫ

rðr

no

rðar

rn

add

regn

sN

jǫrð

rn

orð

arr

nad

dre

gns

þe

gni

2La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Lýtr

lǫn

gum

lan

ds

Lýtr

spjó

tum

lan

ds

ran

dir

3La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

od

dvi

tio

dd

um

Eyvi

nd

aro

dd

viti

od

du

mEy

vin

dar

skre

yju

3La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

sóls

pe

nn

isv

inn

ansi

grm

inn

igr

sóls

pe

nn

isv

inn

ansi

grm

inn

igr

fin

na

4La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Njó

tsn

ýtu

mN

orð

man

na

Njó

tsn

ýtu

mN

orð

man

na

ran

na

4La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

valg

rin

dar

vin

da

veð

rhe

yjan

di

valg

rin

dar

vin

da

veð

rhe

yjan

di

Skre

yju

4La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

gum

nu

mgo

lli

Ge

fnar

ho

llr

goll

iG

efn

arst

efn

u4

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

84

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

goll

hjǫ

ltu

ðu

mga

ltar

grǫ

nd

uð

rgo

llh

jǫlt

uð

um

galt

argr

ǫn

du

ðr

bra

nd

i5

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

ófæ

lin

nÁ

laé

ldra

ugs

ófæ

lin

nÁ

laé

ldra

ugs

hau

ga5

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

bu

lka

bǫ́

ðu

mb

en

vǫn

dr

skíð

sb

ǫ́ð

um

be

nvǫ

nd

rh

ǫn

du

m5

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

be

itb

itri

byg

gvin

gV

eit

k/b

eit

be

it/b

itri

byg

gvin

gm

eð

ald

yggv

an5

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

gæti

-Gau

ta*

gæti

-Gau

ta*

gram

s*gæ

ti-G

auta

*gæ

ti-G

auta

*fa

ll*

alla

6La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

mal

mh

ríð

ar*

me

iðu

m*

mó

ðr*

mal

mh

ríð

ar*

me

iðu

m*

mó

ðr*

bló

ði

6La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

óst

irfi

nn

arfa

Eirí

ksó

stir

fin

nar

faEi

ríks

geir

a*6

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Fyrr

Fen

ris

flu

gvar

rFy

rrva

rra

flu

gvar

rsp

arra

6La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

be

nja

bry

nju

mb

ugu

sk*

be

nja

bry

nju

mal

mar

*fa

lma

7La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

fetl

afy

llar

full

egg

sve

llfy

llar

full

egg

gull

u7

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

ófo

lgin

ylgj

are

nd

ró

folg

inyl

gjar

en

dr

he

nd

i7

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Lítt

láta

lan

dvǫ

rðr

Lítt

láta

lan

dvǫ

rðr

Hǫ

rða

7La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

fjǫ

llu

mFý

risv

alla

fræ

fjǫ

llu

mFý

risv

alla

fræ

ævi

8La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

me

ldr

mó

ðu

rm

ell

um

eld

rh

old

id

olg

sfo

lgin

n8

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Ull

ral

laím

un

lau

ksU

llr

alla

ímu

nla

uks

hau

ka8

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

folk

strí

ðir

Fró

ða

fágl

ýjað

rafo

lkst

ríð

irFr

óð

afá

glýj

aðra

þýj

a8

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

alfr

ǫð

ull

elf

arjǫ

tna

alfr

ǫð

ull

elf

ard

olg

sfo

lgin

n9

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

rǫ́ð

*ra

mra

r*rí

k*rǫ́

ð*

þjó

ðar

*rí

k*lík

i9

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Ull

aral

lan

ald

rU

llar

alla

nal

dr

skǫ

ldu

m9

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Full

ufj

ǫll

um

fall

sól

Full

ufj

ǫll

um

fall

sól

vall

ar9

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

trú

rty

ggja

tve

imtr

úr

dýr

um

skjǫ

ldu

mal

dri

10La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

fyll

ikfl

okk

fell

rfy

llik

stil

lir

fell

re

lli

10La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Ein

nát

tan

jǫfu

rrd

rótt

inát

tan

dyr

rfy

rra

10La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

be

llir

*b

ragn

ingr

*b

iðka

tb

ell

ir*

ell

i*b

iðka

tþ

rið

ja10

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

lyn

gva

len

gilá

trly

ngv

ale

ngi

látr

átti

11La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

þu

rsa

því

saþ

inn

týs

því

saþ

inn

fin

na

11La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

valj

arð

arve

rðu

mve

ljan

di

valj

arð

arve

rðu

mve

ljan

di

selj

a11

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Skyl

dak

ske

rja

skíð

ren

nan

di

Skyl

dak

fold

arsk

íðre

nn

and

isí

ðan

11La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

Snýr

Svǫ

lnis

svá

Snýr

vǫ́ru

inn

Fin

nar

12La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

bir

kih

ind

bu

nd

itb

rum

sb

irki

hin

db

un

dit

bru

ms

sum

ri12

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

ítr

up

pu

nn

svín

ítr

róta

vin

um

mín

um

13La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

spáþ

ern

um

spo

rna

spo

rðfj

ǫð

ruð

um

spáþ

ern

um

spo

rna

spo

rðfj

ǫð

ruð

um

no

rðan

13La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

akrm

uru

rjǫ

kla

ǫl-

Ge

rðr

akrm

uru

rjǫ

kla

ǫl-

Ge

rðr

verð

i13

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Lǫ́tu

mla

ngr

alǫ

gsó

taLǫ́

tum

nó

talǫ

gsó

tave

rfó

tum

13La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

hal

læri

*h

vǫ́ru

*h

lau

psi

ldr

hal

læri

*h

vǫ́ru

*h

lau

psi

ldr

gau

pn

a14

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

Fen

gum

feld

arst

inga

fjǫ

rðFe

ngu

mfe

ldar

stin

gafj

ǫrð

hjǫ

rðu

14La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

me

stm

ínar

mæ

vǫru

m-

-m

ævǫ

rum

sæva

r14

Lau

saví

sur

(c. 9

85)

Eyvi

nd

r Fi

nn

sso

n s

káld

asp

illi

r90

0-99

0 c.

a.

álh

imin

sú

tan

oss

--

len

din

gar

sen

du

14La

usa

vísu

r (c

. 985

)Ey

vin

dr

Fin

nss

on

ská

ldas

pil

lir

900-

990

c.a.

svik

sam

ðit

snar

tgr

amr

sam

ðit

snar

th

jart

a1

Af

et

dig

t o

m T

or

Gam

li g

næ

vað

arsk

áld

900-

1000

gru

nd

argr

and

igl

júfr

ske

lju

ngs

gru

nd

argr

and

igl

júfr

ske

lju

ngs

rjú

fa1

Af

et

dig

t o

m T

or

Gam

li g

næ

vað

arsk

áld

900-

1000

inn

ano

rða

aflg

erð

bo

rðs

orð

aaf

lge

rðm

eð

alka

fla

1A

f e

t fy

rste

dig

t e

l. h

elt

ed

igt

(?)

Gam

li g

næ

vað

arsk

áld

900-

1000

Ǫð

lin

gru

ngu

mu

ngr

Ǫð

lin

gru

ngu

mu

ngr

tun

gu1

Af

et

fyrs

ted

igt

el.

he

lte

dig

t (?

)G

amli

gn

æva

ðar

skál

d90

0-10

00

85

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

því

þag

nar

þe

gna

--

þe

gna

fre

gnu

m1

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Hlý

ði

hap

tah

efk

Hlý

ði

be

iðis

mil

din

gar

gild

i1

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

fold

arfe

ldi

Fre

yrfo

ldar

feld

iFr

eyr

dre

yra

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

sve

rðsi

grse

ggi

sve

rðo

rðin

nse

ggi

egg

jar

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Do

lge

isu

dís

ard

rótt

Do

lge

isu

dís

ard

rótt

fló

tta

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

gum

na

gam

ni

gjó

ðu

mgu

mn

aga

mn

igj

óð

um

þjó

ðir

2G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

slíð

rtu

ngu

rsy

ngv

asv

erð

leik

ssl

íðrt

un

gur

syn

gva

sve

rðle

iks

ferð

ir3

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gagn

*gu

nn

i*gu

nn

hǫ

rga

han

n*

gun

ni*

gun

nh

ǫrg

am

ǫrg

um

3G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Au

strl

ǫn

du

mu

nd

iral

lval

dr

Au

strl

ǫn

du

mu

nd

iral

lval

dr

skǫ

ldu

m3

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gram

rgr

un

du

goll

varp

aða

sen

di

gru

nd

ugo

llva

rpað

asn

arp

ar3

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gný

geir

agr

un

dar

þar

geir

agr

un

dar

fun

din

n4

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Hil

mir

hja

lmi

he

ina

Hil

mir

hja

lmi

lau

tG

autu

m4

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

ǫð

lin

giu

ngu

mo

rðǫ

ðli

ngi

un

gum

orð

bo

rði

5G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Au

str

jǫfr

ao

rðra

kkr

Au

str

þrý

stir

orð

rakk

rn

orð

an5

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

bra

nd

bja

rmsk

arb

rin

nan

da

bra

nd

kin

dir

bri

nn

and

ari

nn

a5

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gótt

gum

na

geir

veð

rgó

ttsæ

ttir

geir

veð

rþ

eir

i5

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

valg

alta

rve

lta

varg

fœð

and

iva

lgal

tar

velt

ava

rgfœ

ðan

di

mar

ga6

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Bra

ut

bry

nju

bág

Bra

ut

njó

tab

ágSǫ́

gu6

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

nad

dsk

úra

rn

œri

rN

óre

gsn

add

skú

rar

nœ

rir

Nó

regs

stó

ra6

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

ofv

ægi

nn

jǫfr

aja

fnb

orn

ao

fvæ

gin

njǫ

fra

jafn

bo

rna

þo

rna

6G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Mæ

lti

mæ

tra

mal

m-Ó

ðin

nM

ælt

ih

jalt

am

alm

-Óð

inn

bló

ði

7G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

fræ

gtfl

otn

um

fylk

isþ

ótt

ifl

otn

um

orð

mo

rði

7G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

þró

ttar

þo

rði

þjó

ðu

mo

rðþ

orð

iþ

jóð

um

rjó

ða

7G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

víð

len

dr

vin

da

verð

un

gví

ðle

nd

rvi

nd

ave

rðu

ng

sve

rðu

m7

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

He

inþ

ynta

nh

vín

ah

ryn

jeld

He

inþ

ynta

nh

vín

ah

ryn

jeld

bry

nju

8G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

fold

arfy

rðu

mfj

ǫrn

har

ðan

vǫrð

rfy

rðu

mfj

ǫrn

har

ðan

varð

i8

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

sen

dir

san

di

sæva

rse

nd

irsa

nd

ib

als

Hal

si9

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Var

ðví

ðu

vigg

jum

Var

ðb

orð

ivi

ggju

mli

ggja

9G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

gæti

rG

lam

ma

garð

sgæ

tir

sóta

garð

sLi

maf

jarð

ar9

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

oll

i*jǫ

fra*

orð

he

pp

inn

oll

i*sp

jall

i*o

rðh

ep

pin

nm

orð

i*9

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Hjo

ggu

sktv

egg

jah

egg

irH

jogg

usk

tve

ggja

he

ggir

egg

ja10

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

gǫgn

gan

gage

ird

rótt

gǫgn

gan

gage

ird

rótt

þe

iri

10G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

oss

*au

ðar

*au

ðvǫ́

nré

ðat

*au

ðar

*au

ðvǫ́

nd

auð

i*11

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

he

frh

eit

ith

ans

veit

he

itit

bró

ðir

góð

u11

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

hǫ

lfh

ilm

ish

jǫrd

rífa

hǫ

lfh

ilm

ish

jǫrd

rífa

lífi

11G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

séa*

sælu

*se

ggfj

ǫlð

*-

-se

ggfj

ǫlð

*tv

egg

ja11

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Þar

þra

fna*

þe

im*

Þar

byr

jar*

þe

im*

Be

ima*

12G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

sjal

frsœ

kial

fiSi

gtýr

sjal

frsœ

kial

fiSi

gtýr

dýr

a12

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

tolf

tan

na

tíð

um

Ku

nn

ita

nn

atí

ðu

mH

alli

nsk

íða

13G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

ógn

ar-s

tafr

jǫfr

aíþ

rótt

iró

gnar

-sta

frjǫ

fra

íþró

ttir

sótt

i13

Grá

feld

ard

ráp

a (c

970

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

Víg

eis

uví

sava

lfal

lV

íge

isu

vísa

valf

all

alla

14G

ráfe

ldar

drá

pa

(c 9

70)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

logs

lan

da

lan

ds

Bra

nd

rla

nd

ala

nd

sb

and

a1

Kva

d o

m E

rik

blo

dø

kse

(fö

r 95

0)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

bla

kkrí

ðan

di

bak

kab

arn

un

grb

lakk

ríð

and

ib

akka

bar

nu

ngr

farn

a2

Kva

d o

m E

rik

blo

dø

kse

(fö

r 95

0)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

sen

dan

segg

jasv

erð

bau

tin

nse

nd

anki

nd

arsv

erð

bau

tin

nG

auti

2K

vad

om

Eri

k b

lod

øks

e (

för

950)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

fǫr

ferj

ufr

óð

rfǫ

rfe

rju

fró

ðr

góð

a2

Kva

d o

m E

rik

blo

dø

kse

(fö

r 95

0)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

róge

isu

ræsi

rrá

ðva

nd

rró

geis

uræ

sir

ráð

van

dr

Sko

tlan

di

2K

vad

om

Eri

k b

lod

øks

e (

för

950)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

86

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

roð

in*

rau

ðra

*re

yr*

roð

in*

rau

ðra

*re

yr*

dre

yra

1La

usa

vísa

(96

1—62

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

he

fr/h

efn

th

afn

a*h

jǫrs

*h

efr

/he

fnt

haf

na*

hjǫ

rs*

fjǫ

rvi*

1La

usa

vísa

(96

1—62

)G

lúm

r G

eir

aso

n95

0-97

5 c.

a.

folk

rakk

rfy

lkir

fram

ligt

folk

rakk

rfy

lkir

fram

ligt

Gam

la1

Lau

saví

sa (

961—

62)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

dǫ

kkva

lir

dre

kka

do

lgb

ran

ds

dǫ

kkva

lir

dre

kka

do

lgb

ran

ds

han

dan

*1

Lau

saví

sa (

961—

62)

Glú

mr

Ge

iras

on

950-

975

c.a.

Bif

rau

knu

mb

ekk

jar

blá

rǫst

Bif

rau

knu

mb

ekk

jar

blá

rǫst

ára

1H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

mæ

trm

ild

ingr

mis

tar

mæ

trJó

tum

vífs

drí

fu1

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

svan

gœð

irsí

ðan

sótt

isv

angœ

ðir

síð

ansó

tti

fló

tta

1H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

hró

krh

ylja

hra

fnví

ns

gilj

aðar

hyl

jah

rafn

vín

ssí

nu

m1

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

trjó

nu

tin

gls

tve

imtr

jón

ugr

œn

ae

inu

mse

lme

ina

2H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

vals

en

dir

van

dar

víð

fræ

grva

lse

nd

irva

nd

arví

ðfr

ægr

síð

an2

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

ell

ifu

alla

ral

lre

iðr

ell

ifu

alla

ral

lre

iðr

ske

iðar

2H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Alm

dró

sar

eis

ué

lru

nn

rA

lmd

rósa

re

isu

élr

un

nr

sun

nan

2H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Selu

nd

síð

ansó

knh

egg

rn

áði

síð

ansó

knh

egg

rle

ggja

3H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

vals

Vin

ða

víð

vals

fre

lsi

víð

síð

u3

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

Skat

tgil

da

skyl

dir

skau

tjal

fað

arSk

attg

ild

ask

yld

irsk

autj

alfa

ðar

Gau

ta4

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

goll

skýf

lir

gjǫ

flas

trge

irve

ðr

goll

skýf

lir

gjǫ

flas

trge

irve

ðr

þe

iri

4H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

sókn

hat

tar

sett

isv

ell

rjó

ðr

sókn

hat

tar

sett

isv

ell

rjó

ðr

fljó

ði

5H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Ón

ars

eik

iau

str

Ón

ars

gró

nu

aust

rh

rau

stan

5H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

áðr

Íru

míð

van

dr

--

íðva

nd

rsk

íðu

m5

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

salb

rigð

and

iSv

eig

ðis

svan

van

gssa

lbri

gðan

di

Sve

igð

issv

anva

ngs

þan

gat

5H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Val

þag

nar

vegn

um

vígn

est

rV

alþ

agn

arve

gnu

mví

gne

str

bre

sta

6H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

han

dar

hǫ

fðu

mh

lym

mil

din

gum

vafs

hǫ

fðu

mh

lym

mil

din

gum

gild

ir6

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

Njǫ

rðr

Nir

ði

nad

ds

Njǫ

rðr

Nir

ði

nad

ds

rad

dar

6H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

valb

ran

ds

víð

ravá

pn

un

du

ðu

mva

lbra

nd

sla

nd

avá

pn

un

du

ðu

msu

nd

a6

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

bǫ

ðsœ

kir

brí

kar

brœ

ðr

bǫ

ðsœ

kir

brí

kar

brœ

ðr

flœ

ðu

7H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

Alm

dró

gar

œgi

so

pt

Alm

dró

gar

œgi

ssi

nn

min

nu

mk*

7H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

bar

ma

Bal

dri

be

nsí

ksǫ

ldB

ald

rib

en

síks

ríki

s7

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

un

dan

alla

rEi

reks

un

dan

kin

dir

Eire

kssn

ekk

jum

7H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

gerr

agr

amr

geir

vífa

gerr

asn

err

uge

irví

fah

lífa

8H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

yfri

nn

jǫfr

aó

skkv

ánar

yfri

nn

jǫfr

aó

skkv

ánar

mán

a8

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

róge

isu

ræsi

rrá

ðst

erk

rró

geis

uræ

sir

ráð

ste

rkr

me

rkju

m8

Hák

on

ard

ráp

aG

oþ

þo

rmr

sin

dri

900-

1000

Hræ

dd

rh

jǫrv

ah

err

Hræ

dd

rra

dd

arh

err

þve

rri

8H

áko

nar

drá

pa

Go

þþ

orm

r si

nd

ri90

0-10

00

bri

mb

íta

bǫ

rðlé

tab

íta

bǫ

rðFj

ǫrð

u1

Lau

saví

saG

un

nh

ild

r ko

nu

nga

mó

ðir

900-

1000

bak

bǫ́

rub

orð

he

sti

Hǫ́

bǫ́

rub

orð

he

sti

vest

an1

Lau

saví

saG

un

nh

ild

r ko

nu

nga

mó

ðir

900-

1000

gram

sgu

mn

agu

nn

brá

ðs

gram

sgu

mn

agu

nn

brá

ðs

Að

alrá

ði

1A

ðal

ste

insd

ráp

a (1

001)

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

allr

ǫrv

aEn

glan

ds

He

rrǫ

rva

Engl

and

sþ

en

gil

1A

ðal

ste

insd

ráp

a (1

001)

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

lætr

líða

lin

ns

eyð

and

ilíð

ali

nn

ski

nd

ar1

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

Gan

gsgó

ma

gló

flýt

irG

angs

sen

nu

gló

flýt

irn

ýta

1La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

01

Mǫ

rkm

un

dan

gsst

erk

um

man

ni

Mǫ

rkm

un

dan

gsst

erk

um

man

ni

ran

na

1La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

01

iðra

skyð

rum

eld

aið

rask

yðru

mfl

óð

ssj

óð

i1

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

es

ein

ne

inka

r-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

hán

um

-h

ann

's-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

87

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Me

ðal

ráð

Mó

ði

mal

ma

Me

ðal

ráð

Mó

ði

gald

rsh

ald

a3

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

-100

2

att*

ér*

od

drj

óð

*at

t*p

rett

um

*o

dd

rjó

ð*

ho

dd

um

3La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

01-1

002

naf

nn

økk

vin

aðrs

tun

gafe

ksk

nø

kkvi

nað

rstu

nga

un

gum

3La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

01-1

002

hit

th

eit

ikh

err

*h

itt

he

itik

he

rr*

verr

a*3

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1001

-100

2

he

fk/h

ljó

tǫn

du

m*he

itit

*h

jarl

s*h

ljó

tǫn

du

m*

he

itit

*h

jarl

s*ja

rla

4La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

aptr

/áð

ræ

riau

ðve

itir

hve

rfka

kæ

riau

ðve

itir

rau

ðan

4La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

orm

abe

ðe

rmar

od

d-G

efn

aro

rmab

eð

erm

aro

dd

-Ge

fnar

ste

fni

4La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

vegg

jar

vitj

avi

ggs

--

vigg

sþ

rigg

ja4

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1002

han

n/h

efr

hǫ́

var

hár

r*-

-h

árr*

bǫ́

rur

5La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02-1

003

aust

ru

nn

arEi

rekr

aust

rh

est

iEi

rekr

fle

iri

5La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02-1

003

sigr

eyn

irsé

nar

sjal

frsi

gre

ynir

sén

arsj

alfr

gjal

fri

5La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02-1

003

ér

jarl

io

dd

feim

ué

rja

rli

od

dfe

imu

þe

ima

5La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02-1

003

hit

th

æru

ho

dd

strí

ðan

di

me

irh

æru

ho

dd

strí

ðan

di

bíð

it6

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1005

orð

eig

ija

fnrǫ

skr

orð

verð

akja

fnrǫ

skr

Hra

fni

6La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

aust

anvi

nd

rǫ

nd

rian

dn

ess

aust

anvi

nd

rǫ

nd

rian

dn

ess

þe

ssa

6La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

lítt

leik

ilé

tt*

Rœ

kik

leik

ilé

tt*

þé

ttan

6La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

aln

arým

sum

and

ne

sju

mgi

ms

ýmsu

man

dn

esj

um

lan

di

7La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

háð

vǫru

mh

yrja

rh

ríð

mu

nd

aði

háð

vǫru

mh

yrja

rh

ríð

mu

nd

aði

Þu

nd

ar7

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1005

haf

nar

hǫ

rvi

hlý

ða

haf

nar

dri

fna

hlý

ða

þýð

ask

7La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

05

lau

tsík

jar

léku

mly

ngs

lau

tsík

jar

léku

mly

ngs

yngr

i7

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1005

Orm

stu

ngu

en

gi

allr

Orm

stu

ngu

en

gi

allr

fjal

la8

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

Hǫ

ðr

hjǫ

rþe

ysm

eyj

arlít

th

víti

hjǫ

rþe

ysm

eyj

ar8

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

hœ

grH

elg

aH

rafn

sh

œgr

fagr

aH

rafn

sn

afn

i8

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

Eir*

aura

*u

ng*

Eir*

aura

*u

ng*

tun

gu8

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

he

rr*

haf

i/h

ǫlð

s*h

agvi

rki*

he

rr*

svar

ra*

hag

virk

i*fa

gra

9La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

Bil

bo

rða

bæ

ði

gerð

ub

orð

ab

æð

ikl

æð

um

9La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

Fold

*fl

aum

*fl

óð

hyr

s*Fo

ld*

skal

di*

fló

ðh

yrs*

mó

ðu

r9

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

Væ

nve

rst

vín

-Ge

fnV

æn

lau

na

vín

-Ge

fnþ

ínu

m9

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

allr

aau

stan

Alr

áðr

nýz

trau

stan

Alr

áðr

dva

lði

10La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

me

nn

min

na

min

nm

en

nm

inn

aja

fno

kaH

rafn

i10

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

Eir

aura

ar

md

ags

Eir

aura

ar

md

ags

litf

agra

10La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

me

nrý

ri*

min

ni*

mál

grǫ́

ðr*

me

nrý

ri*

min

ni*

mál

grǫ́

ðr*

stál

a10

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

em

/ek/

út/

áe

yri

alva

ngs

--

alva

ngs

gan

ga11

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

goð

*gr

ep

pi*

gǫrt

*h

app

s*gr

ep

pi*

gǫrt

*h

jǫrv

i11

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

lóks

*lj

ósu

mlj

úfs

lóks

*m

æki

ljú

fskl

júfa

11La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

hn

akk

He

lgu

hau

s*h

nak

klo

kka

hau

s*la

usa

n*

11La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

svan

mæ

rrar

svíð

a*sv

ǫrt

*-

-au

gu*

bau

ga

12La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

auð

s*e

iga*

óð

gjar

n*

lǫ́g*

eig

a*ó

ðgj

arn

*b

ǫrn

um

12La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

rýgr

rógi

run

nr

rýgr

rógi

run

nr

Gu

nn

ar12

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1006

lan

ds

lýsi

-Gu

nn

arlít

illa

nd

slý

si-G

un

nar

lítil

títa

12La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

06

he

rh

ǫrð

uh

rin

gþo

llr

ske

rðan

di

hǫ

rðu

hri

ngþ

oll

rD

inga

13La

usa

vísu

rG

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

08

mǫ

rgm

org

inm

alm

flau

gm

ǫrg

mo

rgin

mal

mfl

aug

Gu

nn

lau

gi13

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1008

hrí

ðh

jǫrv

aH

rafn

gerv

and

ih

jǫrv

aH

rafn

jafn

an13

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1008

mæ

trm

óti

mó

tru

nn

rm

ætr

mó

tim

ótr

un

nr

spjó

ta13

Lau

saví

sur

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1008

88

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

gram

r-

gjǫ

fli

--

--

1Si

gtry

ggs

drá

pa

silk

iske

ggs

(100

2)G

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

gre

pp

*-

goll

hri

ng

--

--

1Si

gtry

ggs

drá

pa

silk

iske

ggs

(100

2)G

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

mál

s-

mæ

ram

áls

skil

--

1Si

gtry

ggs

drá

pa

silk

iske

ggs

(100

2)G

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

kon

un

gman

na

kon

Kvá

ran

sko

nu

ngm

ann

ako

nh

ann

'sK

vára

ns

1Si

gtry

ggs

drá

pa

silk

iske

ggs

(100

2)G

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

dýr

ligr

a-

drǫ́

pu

lag

--

--

2Si

gtry

ggs

drá

pa

silk

iske

ggs

(100

2)G

un

nla

ugr

orm

stu

nga

Illu

gaso

n10

02

hil

din

gr-

han

n/h

eyr

ih

eyr

isé

r-

-2

Sigt

rygg

s d

ráp

a si

lkis

kegg

s (1

002)

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1002

svǫ́

ru-

Sigt

rygg

r-

--

-3

Sigt

rygg

s d

ráp

a si

lkis

kegg

s (1

002)

Gu

nn

lau

gr o

rmst

un

ga Il

luga

son

1002

hrí

ðH

amð

ish

od

dh

ríð

klæ

ða

ho

dd

bro

dd

a1

Lau

saví

saH

ako

n d

en

go

de

936-

61

mé

rm

ínir

me

nn

lau

na

mín

irm

en

nþ

en

na

1La

usa

vísa

Hak

on

de

n g

od

e93

6-61

skal

dsk

ald

ask

ǫru

ngr

skal

dsk

ald

am

est

rfl

est

u1

Lau

saví

saH

allb

jǫrn

hal

i11

00-1

200

fræ

gt*

fyrð

um

*fé

rán

orð

it*

fyrð

um

*fé

rán

hǫ́

nu

m1

Lau

saví

saH

allb

jǫrn

hal

i11

00-1

200

áðr

en

gran

nar

raáð

rsí

ðan

ann

arra

man

na

1La

usa

vísa

Hal

lbjǫ

rn h

ali

1100

-120

0

nad

dve

iti

nýt

ann

íðn

add

veit

in

ýtan

níð

smíð

a1

Lau

saví

saH

allb

jǫrn

hal

i11

00-1

200

har

mr

hja

rta

hró

tsn

ert

um

kh

jart

ah

rót

bó

tir

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 980

).H

allb

jǫrn

Od

dss

on

980

d.o

.

bíð

ab

rúð

ib

ǫl*

bíð

ab

rúð

ib

ǫl*

fǫlv

an*

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 980

).H

allb

jǫrn

Od

dss

on

980

d.o

.

Ǫlk

arm

aar

ma*

eik

*Ǫ

lkar

ma

arm

a*e

ik*

leik

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

80).

Hal

lbjǫ

rn O

dd

sso

n98

0 d

.o.

Lofn

lesn

islín

bu

nd

inLo

fnst

afn

ilín

bu

nd

insí

nu

m1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

80).

Hal

lbjǫ

rn O

dd

sso

n98

0 d

.o.

hir

ðid

ísh

úsi

hú

ns

--

hú

ns

bú

na

1La

usa

vísa

(98

3).

Hal

li b

ers

erk

r98

3 c.

a.

vetr

vitr

ava

ngs

vetr

vitr

ava

ngs

gan

ga1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.H

alli

be

rse

rkr

983

c.a.

Ge

rðr

gǫrv

aga

ngf

ǫgr

Ge

rðr

gǫrv

aga

ngf

ǫgr

han

ga1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.H

alli

be

rse

rkr

983

c.a.

ljú

g*le

ygja

rlín

bu

nd

inlj

úg*

leyg

jar

línb

un

din

þín

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.H

alli

be

rse

rkr

983

c.a.

gran

argr

amr

gekk

gran

arfe

nri

gekk

dre

kka

1A

f e

n d

rap

e o

m M

agn

us

Erli

ngs

son

(?)

Hal

lr S

no

rras

on

1100

-120

0

He

iðin

gja

hu

ngr

ih

árr

He

iðin

gja

hu

ngr

ih

árr

sára

1A

f e

n d

rap

e o

m M

agn

us

Erli

ngs

son

(?)

Hal

lr S

no

rras

on

1100

-120

0

hé

rh

árir

hví

hé

rh

árir

--

1La

usa

vísa

Har

ald

r h

árfa

gri

933d

Mjǫ

km

ínir

mjǫ

ðgj

arn

irM

jǫk

rekk

arm

jǫð

gjar

nir

forn

ir

1La

usa

vísa

Har

ald

r h

árfa

gri

933d

æu

ggó

tta

Hn

egg

iu

ggó

tta

dró

tt*

1Sn

æfr

íðar

drá

pa

Har

ald

r h

árfa

gri

933d

drǫ́

pu

Dva

lin

sd

ynja

--

dyn

jah

ryn

r1

Snæ

fríð

ard

ráp

aH

aral

dr

hár

fagr

i93

3d

dán

ad

rótt

ins*

dra

uga

*-

-d

rau

ga*

kerl

aug*

1Sn

æfr

íðar

drá

pa

Har

ald

r h

árfa

gri

933d

rekk

um

*R

egi

ns*

rétt

an*

rekk

um

*d

rykk

*ré

ttan

*st

étt

1Sn

æfr

íðar

drá

pa

Har

ald

r h

árfa

gri

933d

Ásm

óð

arÓ

ðn

iar

faÁ

smó

ðar

Óð

ni

arfa

dja

rfan

1La

usa

vísa

He

lgi t

rau

sti Ó

láfs

son

925-

975

c.a.

fell

fold

arfr

amm

fell

fold

arsó

tti

dró

ttar

1La

usa

vísa

He

lgi t

rau

sti Ó

láfs

son

925-

975

c.a.

guld

um

galg

aG

auts

galg

ava

ldi

tafn

hra

fni

1La

usa

vísa

He

lgi t

rau

sti Ó

láfs

son

925-

975

c.a.

Ørr

abe

inn

un

nar

ítrt

un

gur

Ørr

abe

inn

un

nar

ítrt

un

gur

sun

gu1

Lau

saví

saH

elg

i tra

ust

i Ólá

fsso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

Ne

fju

naf

na

nú

Haf

nið

/Ne

fju

naf

na

gan

dla

nd

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Hil

dr

Hró

lfsd

ótt

ir n

efj

u90

0 c.

a.

hil

mis

hja

rðir

hœ

gr-

-h

œgr

skó

gar

1La

usa

vísa

(87

8)H

ild

r H

rólf

sdó

ttir

ne

fju

900

c.a.

ulf

ylfa

skYg

gru

lfyl

fask

valb

ríka

rsl

íkan

1La

usa

vísa

(87

8)H

ild

r H

rólf

sdó

ttir

ne

fju

900

c.a.

ho

rska

nh

ǫlð

ah

ví-

-b

ell

iðst

illi

r1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Hil

dr

Hró

lfsd

ótt

ir n

efj

u90

0 c.

a.

goð

geyj

agr

ey

--

gre

yFr

eyj

a1

Kvi

ðli

ngr

(99

9)H

jalt

i Ske

ggja

son

1000

c.a

.

æ*

ann

at*

Óð

inn

*-

-gr

ey/

Óð

inn

*Fr

eyj

a/e

ða*

1K

við

lin

gr (

999)

Hja

lti S

kegg

jaso

n10

00 c

.a.

líka*

lau

ka*

lin

d*

líka*

lau

ka*

lin

d*

bin

da*

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

orm

sar

mi

ey

orm

sar

mi

lǫgg

var

hǫ

ggvi

nn

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

en

dr

un

dir

ǫls

tafn

se

nd

ru

nd

irǫ

lsta

fns

Hra

fni

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

brú

ðr

bló

ði

be

ðr

brú

ðr

bló

ði

þín

nm

ínu

1La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1005

89

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

okk

re

ina

Ull

r-

-U

llr

Full

u2

Lau

saví

sur

Hra

fn Ǫ

nu

nd

arso

n10

06

fægi

rfo

lka

fan

gsfæ

gir

Sǫ́gu

fan

gsga

nga

2La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

sæva

r*Só

ta*

san

nfr

óð

r*ýt

ir’s

*Só

ta*

san

nfr

óð

r*gó

ðar

2La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

mjǫ

km

arga

rm

orð

run

nr

mjǫ

ksl

íkar

mo

rðru

nn

rsu

nn

an2

Lau

saví

sur

Hra

fn Ǫ

nu

nd

arso

n10

06

gre

pp

rgr

ep

pa

gagn

sæli

gre

pp

rgr

ep

pa

gagn

sæli

fagn

a3

Lau

saví

sur

Hra

fn Ǫ

nu

nd

arso

n10

06

þo

rna

þin

giþ

egn

ssp

ǫn

gþ

ingi

þe

gns

fre

gna

3La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

be

nsi

gðu

mb

rugð

itb

úin

be

nsi

gðu

mb

rugð

ite

ggle

ggi

3La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

ein

ne

kkja

un

gm

un

ein

nm

ær

særi

mk

3La

usa

vísu

rH

rafn

Ǫn

un

dar

son

1006

brǫ́

ðb

org

inm

óð

ab

láfj

alla

ðan

brǫ́

ðb

org

inm

óð

ab

láfj

alla

ðan

gjal

la1

Lau

saví

sur

(v. 9

55)

Hró

mu

nd

r h

alti

955

d. v

ed

svan

sve

ita

sára

Út

sve

ita

þo

rns

mo

rnar

1La

usa

vísu

r (v

. 955

)H

róm

un

dr

hal

ti95

5 d

. ve

d

gun

nar

gau

kar

Gau

tsh

aukr

gau

kar

bra

gða

sǫgð

u1

Lau

saví

sur

(v. 9

55)

Hró

mu

nd

r h

alti

955

d. v

ed

fyrr

feig

irfo

lkn

ǫ́ru

nga

r-

-fo

lkn

ǫ́ru

nga

rvǫ́

ru1

Lau

saví

sur

(v. 9

55)

Hró

mu

nd

r h

alti

955

d. v

ed

dag

dau

ði

dra

ugr

--

dra

ugr

bau

ga2

Lau

saví

sur

(v. 9

55)

Hró

mu

nd

r h

alti

955

d. v

ed

lítt

leik

ili

tvǫ

nd

rrœ

kik

leik

ili

tvǫ

nd

rfi

tjar

2La

usa

vísu

r (v

. 955

)H

róm

un

dr

hal

ti95

5 d

. ve

d

Ilm

ar*

jalm

i*áð

rIl

mar

*ja

lmi*

áðr

ráð

inn

2La

usa

vísu

r (v

. 955

)H

róm

un

dr

hal

ti95

5 d

. ve

d

oss

*áð

r*al

dr*

áðr*

mar

kað

r*al

dr*

skjǫ

ldu

2La

usa

vísu

r (v

. 955

)H

róm

un

dr

hal

ti95

5 d

. ve

d

and

sko

tiu

nd

iro

rðsl

œgr

and

sko

tiu

nd

iro

rðsl

œgr

bœ

gi1

Lau

saví

saJó

n Þ

órv

ald

sso

n11

80 c

.

stad

dr

Stu

rlu

ste

nd

rK

arl

Stu

rlu

ste

nd

rré

tte

nd

um

1La

usa

vísa

Jón

Þó

rval

dss

on

1180

c.

Bra

gnin

grb

lóð

ib

eið

réð

bló

ði

be

iðre

iði

1Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

op

te

isu

m*

óþ

jóð

arh

ús*

eis

um

*ó

þjó

ðar

rjó

ða

1Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

sýn

isk

svar

tle

itr

sjá

sýn

isk

reyn

ib

ragr

hár

fagr

a2

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

Har

ald

sH

alfd

anh

erð

ibrǫ

gðH

aral

ds

spyr

jah

erð

ibrǫ

gðlǫ

gðis

2Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

ríkr

rekk

are

yrrí

krre

kka

reyr

dre

yra

3Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

mo

rðs

me

rkja

mag

ne

nd

rm

orð

sþ

orð

um

agn

en

dr

fagn

a3

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

ein

kaǫ

rvir

ǫrv

eð

rsH

var

ǫrv

irǫ

rve

ðrs

gǫrv

an4

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

up

p/a

ngr

*yn

gva*

ób

lin

ds

angr

*yn

gva*

ób

lin

ds

Sin

dra

4Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

geð

har

ðir

gerð

ugo

lls

geð

har

ðir

gerð

ugo

lls

þo

llu

m4

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

tin

glrý

rǫn

du

mtu

ngl

atv

eir

tin

glrý

rǫn

du

mtu

ngl

atv

eir

vegm

eir

a4

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

aun

fram

rari

mm

uru

nn

rau

nfr

amra

rim

mu

run

nr

gun

nar

5Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

Go

tþo

rmr

gæti

góð

Go

tþo

rmr

gæti

góð

óð

ar5

Sen

dib

ítr

Jóru

nn

ská

ldm

ær

900-

950

Hró

ðr

hri

nga

Har

ald

sH

róð

rst

ríð

irfr

amm

ram

man

5Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

he

rrh

jǫrv

ah

regg

sh

err

hjǫ

rva

hre

ggs

tve

ggja

5Se

nd

ibít

rJó

run

n s

káld

mæ

r90

0-95

0

son

rSý

rar

san

nre

ynis

He

yri

Sýra

rsa

nn

reyn

isfe

nta

nn

a1

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

ǫrr

up

pi

jast

rín

gre

pp

au

pp

ija

strí

nm

ína

1Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

Me

iðr

mǫ

rgu

mm

orð

tein

sM

eið

rœ

ðri

mo

rðte

ins

fle

ina

2Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

hjǫ

rrh

ild

ibǫ

rru

mh

jarl

sh

jǫrr

hil

dib

ǫrr

um

hja

rls

jarl

i2

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

Eykr

en

nid

úki

jarð

hlj

ótr

Eykr

en

nid

úki

jarð

hlj

ótr

fjar

ðar

3Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

bre

yti

be

inan

bin

dr

hú

nb

ein

anb

ind

rR

ind

ar3

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

gekk

gjal

lan

Gau

tsSv

all

gjal

lan

eld

be

ldi

4Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

glað

fœð

and

iG

ríð

arG

un

nr

glað

fœð

and

iG

ríð

arG

un

nr

bru

nn

i4

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

mǫ

gm

æra

nm

eir

geri

km

æra

nm

eir

fle

ira

5Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

hap

tsœ

nis

hǫ́

nu

mh

eið

hap

tsœ

nis

hǫ́

nu

mh

eið

reið

u5

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

90

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

vés

vald

ivæ

gi-

-væ

gib

ægj

ask

6Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

fúr-

Rǫ

gnir

fagn

arfe

ns

fúr-

Rǫ

gnir

fagn

arfe

ns

me

nja

6Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

ask

esk

isaf

spri

ng

ask

esk

isaf

spri

ng

þin

gat

6Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

fésæ

ran

da

fœra

fats

fésæ

ran

da

fœra

fats

Þja

tsa

6Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

ýsYn

gva

un

grb

ifva

ngi

Yngv

au

ngr

Gu

ngn

i7

Sigu

rðar

drá

pa

(o. 9

60)

Ko

rmák

r Ǫ

gmu

nd

arso

n93

0-97

0 c.

a.

Alg

ild

anal

dar

allv

ald

Alg

ild

anal

dar

allv

ald

hal

da

7Si

gurð

ard

ráp

a (o

. 960

)K

orm

ákr

Ǫgm

un

dar

son

930-

970

c.a.

he

fnt

hve

ttim

kh

ugr

skjó

ttþ

ótt

hu

grb

rugð

it1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Kve

ldú

lfr

878

d.o

.

Þu

nd

rþ

rem

jaÞ

óró

lfÞ

un

dr

skyn

di

Þó

rólf

fóru

1La

usa

vísa

(87

8)K

veld

úlf

r87

8 d

.o.

þu

ng

þin

giÞ

órs

þu

ng

þin

gifa

ngv

ina

gan

ga1

Lau

saví

sa (

878)

Kve

ldú

lfr

878

d.o

.

Nú

no

rðr

no

rn*

--

grim

m*

snim

ma

1La

usa

vísa

(87

8)K

veld

úlf

r87

8 d

.o.

Sól-

Gru

nd

Sigg

jar

sjal

dan

Sól-

Gru

nd

lin

da

sjal

dan

fald

it1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.Le

ikn

ir b

ers

erk

r98

3 c.

a.

hýr

mæ

ltfl

eir

ah

víti

ngs

hýr

mæ

ltfl

eir

ah

víti

ngs

lítu

m1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.Le

ikn

ir b

ers

erk

r98

3 c.

a.

jafn

hát

tǫ

glis

eld

sja

fnh

átt

sté

ttar

eld

sþ

ell

u1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.Le

ikn

ir b

ers

erk

r98

3 c.

a.

ho

dd

-Gru

nd

hva

tH

lính

od

d-G

run

du

nd

irH

línþ

ínu

1La

usa

vísa

(98

3).

Leik

nir

be

rse

rkr

983

c.a.

keti

ls-

Ko

rmák

rH

vers

uþ

ér

Ko

rmák

ro

rmar

1K

við

lin

gr (

hvo

rpå

Ko

rmak

s v.

11

er

svar

)N

arfi

960

o.

min

stm

áli

me

tum

kh

œlu

mk

mál

ih

eld

rfe

ldan

1La

usa

vísa

Ne

fari

1186

c.

goð

gip

tuge

rum

skip

tagi

ptu

hrí

ðsv

íði

1La

usa

vísa

Ne

fari

1186

c.

ran

dh

œin

gre

ynd

anrí

ða

ran

dh

œin

gre

ynd

anrí

ða

tíð

um

1La

usa

vísa

Ne

fari

1186

c.

Bir

ki-b

ein

um

Bir

ki-b

ein

um

be

riTý

nu

mB

irki

-be

inu

mb

eri

verr

a1

Lau

saví

saN

efa

ri11

86 c

.

bak

bró

ðir

bǫ

ðva

rré

ðb

róð

irst

yrkr

myr

kri

1La

usa

vísu

rǪ

gmu

nd

r sn

eis

1195

léb

rigð

irla

gði

lið

inn

*lé

bri

gðir

lagð

ist

orm

r*o

rma*

1La

usa

vísu

rǪ

gmu

nd

r sn

eis

1195

feld

rfo

ldar

fóth

rum

rfe

ldr

fold

arfó

thru

mr

spjó

ti1

Lau

saví

sur

Ǫgm

un

dr

sne

is11

95

hœ

g*h

ǫ́n

um

*H

ild

ibra

nd

sra

un

*h

ǫ́n

um

*H

ild

ibra

nd

sst

and

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Ǫgm

un

dr

sne

is11

95

fjǫ

r*fy

rðar

*fú

sir*

vǫrð

u*

fyrð

ar*

fúsi

r*B

rúsi

2La

usa

vísu

rǪ

gmu

nd

r sn

eis

1208

vægð

arví

ðri

Ve

rmu

nd

artr

auð

rví

ðri

Ve

rmu

nd

argr

un

du

2La

usa

vísu

rǪ

gmu

nd

r sn

eis

1208

létu

lagð

irlíf

létu

spjó

tum

lífh

lífar

2La

usa

vísu

rǪ

gmu

nd

r sn

eis

1208

Be

rsi

bre

iðar

bit

uB

ers

iþ

ars

egg

jar

segg

ja2

Lau

saví

sur

Ǫgm

un

dr

sne

is12

08

Œst

isk

allr

au

mb

gjǫ

rð-

-u

mb

gjǫ

rðJa

rðar

1A

f e

t d

igt

om

To

r (?

)Ǫ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

skja

llsk

álld

ask

íðga

rðr

vall

dað

arsk

álld

a-

-1

Lau

saví

saǪ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

Lǫgð

isla

gða

lau

gLǫ

gðis

lagð

ala

ug

augn

a1

Lau

saví

saǪ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

ban

dva

nið

rb

lun

dar

be

kkja

rb

and

van

iðr

blu

nd

arb

ekk

jar

rekk

ju1

Lau

saví

saǪ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

fyr

fýri

sfj

ón

fyr

fýri

sfj

ón

sjó

nu

m1

Lau

saví

saǪ

lvir

hn

úfa

800-

900

yðr

ann

anal

lval

dr

fin

nu

man

nan

allv

ald

rfa

llin

n1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

dǫ

glin

gsd

ýrka

dýr

verk

dýr

kaþ

en

gill

len

gi1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

man

ngǫ

fugr

min

ni

Mis

sin

gm

ann

gǫfu

grm

inn

iM

issi

ng

Mis

sin

g1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

gífr

sG

auta

glað

nis

tan

da

þat

Gau

tagl

aðn

ista

nd

am

ista

k1

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Gó

ðm

en

nis

Gu

nn

argl

óð

brj

óta

nd

aG

óð

me

nn

isG

un

nar

gló

ðb

rjó

tan

da

njó

ta2

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

aln

en

nin

inn

iin

nd

rótt

aln

en

nin

inn

iin

nd

rótt

svin

nu

m2

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

vit

ven

gis

vígr

akkr

Un

grve

ngi

sví

grak

krb

lakk

i3

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

frák

fóru

ðfǫ

rþ

ess

es

fǫr

gǫrv

a3

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

nýt

ligu

stn

orð

ann

ú's

t*va

rðn

orð

anrí

kr*

slík

ri*

3H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

dýr

um

*d

reyr

aD

anm

arka

rd

ýru

m*

dre

yra

Dan

mar

kar

van

ðan

*3

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

91

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

mjǫ

km

ikla

mǫ

rgm

jǫk

mik

lam

ǫrg

/ǫ́r

bǫ́

ru4

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Ǫtt

uð

ǫ́ru

mau

str

Ǫtt

uð

skre

yttu

mau

str

flau

stu

m4

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

lan

dla

nd

ila

nd

vǫrð

r*la

nd

lan

di

lan

dvǫ

rðr*

ran

dir

*4

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

segl

ssæ

ttu

ðsu

nd

varp

aði

ne

yttu

ðsæ

ttu

ðsu

nd

varp

aði

stu

nd

um

4H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

svan

bræ

ðir

síð

anSv

íþjó

ðar

svan

bræ

ðir

síð

anSv

íþjó

ðar

hrj

óð

a5

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Dró

ttd

rjú

glig

rd

ólg

lin

ns

Dró

ttó

tti

dó

lgli

nn

sþ

inn

i5

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Gil

dir

gjal

di

gotn

esk

um

Gil

dir

gjal

di

gotn

esk

um

flo

tna

6H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

þo

rðu

tþ

ér

þjó

ðlǫ

nd

þo

rðu

tva

rða

þjó

ðlǫ

nd

rǫn

du

6H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

aust

ryn

gvi*

Eysý

slu

hu

ngr

yngv

i*Ey

sýsl

uþ

eyj

a6

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

mað

r*m

inn

a*m

argr

*ra

nn

min

na*

mar

gr*

varg

a6

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Enn

éla

Yggs

Enn

ken

nir

Yggs

bry

ggju

r7

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

gan

gga

mli

rgu

nn

þin

gsga

ng

spru

ngu

gun

nþ

ings

éar

nh

rin

gar

7H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

hǫ

fðu

har

th

ild

r*h

ǫfð

ukr

afð

irh

ild

r*sk

ild

ir7

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

lin

ns

lǫn

d*

Lun

dú

na

lin

ns

vin

na*

Lun

dú

na

snú

nat

*7

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

lan

dle

nd

irlá

ðvǫ

rðr

lan

dle

nd

irlá

ðvǫ

rðr

Að

alrá

ði

8H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

átts

tuð

ill*

áðan

*Já

tmu

nd

arré

ð*

áðan

*Já

tmu

nd

argr

un

du

*8

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

fun

dr

fœrð

uð

frið

lan

ds

har

ðr

fœrð

uð

frið

lan

ds

nið

ja8

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

rekk

a*rú

ni*

ríki

þín

*rú

ni*

ríki

slík

u*

8H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

Hri

ngm

ara-

he

iði*H

rin

gmar

a-h

eið

i*h

lóð

rau

ð*

Hri

ngm

ara-

he

iði*

hló

ðb

lóð

i*9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

lau

tlé

tti

lan

ds

lau

tlé

tti

lan

ds

bra

nd

a9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Þe

ngi

llþ

un

gaþ

inn

Þe

ngi

llþ

un

gah

err

ferr

i9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Engl

ajǫ

rðu

ótt

ferð

jǫrð

uó

ttfl

ótt

a9

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

ald

aral

dri

eld

ral

dar

ald

rie

ldr

be

ldir

10H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

rǫn

nrí

ki

rétt

*lé

krí

ki

bra

gna*

gagn

i*10

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

ætt

Atg

ǫn

guYn

gvi

sikl

inga

mik

la10

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

blíð

rb

reið

ab

org

blíð

rb

reið

ab

org

mo

rgin

10H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

vísi

vægð

arla

usu

mví

ðfr

ægr

vísi

vægð

arla

usu

mví

ðfr

ægr

bæ

gja

11H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

stu

nd

um

stra

nd

arst

ór

stu

nd

um

stra

nd

arst

ór

fóru

11H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

en

skra

ræ

ttar

ǫld

Mát

tit

ætt

arǫ

ldgj

ǫld

um

11H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

guld

ut

gun

nar

goll

guld

ut

sjal

dan

goll

þo

llar

11H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

un

gre

yða

ógn

teit

r/jǫ

furr

Nǫ́

ðu

ðe

yða

ógn

teit

rP

eit

u12

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

reyn

du

ðræ

sir

rǫn

dre

ynd

uð

ste

ind

arǫ

nd

Túsk

alan

di

12H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

stra

um

rst

œð

ist

ran

grn

æð

ist

œð

ist

ran

gran

gra

13H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

Val

fast

ave

stan

veð

rǫrr

Val

fast

ave

stan

veð

rǫrr

knǫ

rru

13H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

ér*

ótt

a*o

pt*

hæ

tt*

ótt

a*o

pt*

þo

pti

13H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

inn

anu

nn

ire

rrin

gar

inn

anu

nn

ire

rrin

gar

verr

a13

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

fars

fors

ifl

aust

fars

fors

ih

ratt

brǫ

ttu

m14

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

allv

ald

ral

dar

en

gial

lval

dr

ald

are

ngi

dre

ngi

14H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

ne

ytt

Nó

reg

nið

jun

grn

eyt

tb

eit

tuð

nið

jun

grm

iðja

n14

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Eigi

ægi

ér

Eigi

ægi

fóru

ðst

óra

n14

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

þú

Þró

ttar

þin

gssó

ttir

Þró

ttar

þin

gsh

inga

t15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

skat

tisk

reyt

tusk

eið

skat

tisk

reyt

tusk

eið

reið

i15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Blá

gjó

ða

bræ

ðir

be

ngj

alfr

sB

lágj

óð

ab

ræð

irb

en

gjal

frs

sjal

fa15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

jarl

*ó

ttu

ðát

tlǫ

nd

mát

tit*

ótt

uð

áttl

ǫn

dst

and

a*15

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

92

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Lýta

nd

ilj

ótu

lan

ds

Lýta

nd

ilj

ótu

rǫ́ð

ǫn

du

mb

ran

da

16H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

haf

ah

ein

ska

he

rsko

rðan

di

haf

ajǫ

fra

he

rsko

rðan

di

forð

um

16H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

um

bst

illi

nga

ral

lar

ifla

um

bst

illi

nga

ral

lar

fold

gold

it16

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

mu

nd

angs

me

inu

mm

ætr

lau

n/?

mu

nd

angs

me

inu

mm

ætr

sætt

u16

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

þjó

ðþ

ekk

irþ

ér

stǫ

kkþ

ekk

irh

verr

ferr

i17

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

Bra

ut

bǫ

ðva

rb

ran

da*

Bra

ut

þre

ytir

bra

nd

a*la

nd

i17

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

ér/

en

ep

tir

orð

reyr

he

ptu

ðe

pti

ro

rðre

yrn

orð

ast

17H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

þin

n*

þe

ira*

þre

kr*

me

ir*

þe

ira*

þre

kr*

rekn

a17

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

fold

forð

um

fim

mfo

ldh

eld

ub

ragn

inga

rga

gni*

18H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

eru

/au

str

Eið

aæ

ttlǫ

nd

bre

iðEi

ða

ætt

lǫn

dG

ǫn

dla

r18

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

en

gre

lda

áðr/

ate

ngr

þrø

ngv

iráð

rlá

ði

18H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

þú

þe

iri

þik

*N

úþ

úþ

ik*

mik

lu*

18H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

en

gijǫ

rðu

ógn

brá

ðr

varð

jǫrð

uó

gnb

ráð

ráð

r/n

ǫ́ð

um

19H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

þé

rþ

egn

um

þjó

ðsk

jǫld

un

gaG

egn

þe

gnu

mþ

jóð

skjǫ

ldu

nga

góð

ra19

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

hal

dið

hœ

ftH

jalt

len

din

gar

hal

dið

veld

iH

jalt

len

din

gar

ken

dir

19H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

aust

re

yju

myn

glin

grau

str

vest

anyn

glin

grþ

ryn

gvi

19H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

Skǫ́

ruð

skǫ

fnu

skau

tSk

ǫ́ru

ðst

ýri

sylg

háa

rb

ylgj

ur

20H

ǫfu

ðla

usn

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 c

.a.

hú

nh

rein

ih

lun

ns

hú

nh

rein

ih

lun

ns

spu

nn

u20

Hǫ

fuð

lau

snO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

c.a

.

mæ

rm

arka

rm

eir

mæ

rst

jóri

me

irfl

eir

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 o

.

man

k*m

eir

i*m

ín*

ár*

me

iri*

mín

*h

inga

t1

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 o

.

Hn

øtr

han

dan

hrǫ

nd

uð

rse

nd

ih

and

anh

rǫn

du

ðr

ǫlu

nb

ran

da

1La

usa

vísu

rO

ttar

r sv

arti

1023

o.

oss

ǫð

ruís

lan

ds

nið

rat

ǫð

ruís

lan

ds

vísi

r1

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

23 o

.

Íra

Engl

aEy

bú

a-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

26 o

.

han

s-

him

insk

autu

m-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

26 o

.

kve

ðja

-ko

nu

ng

--

--

2La

usa

vísu

rO

ttar

r sv

arti

1026

o.

lǫn

du

m-

lof

--

--

2La

usa

vísu

rO

ttar

r sv

arti

1026

o.

Jǫfu

rru

pp

haf

ofr

ask

Jǫfu

rru

pp

haf

ofr

ask

lof

1Ó

láfs

drá

pa

sæn

ska

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

18 c

.a.

hǫ́

ttu

*h

ann

*h

róð

rsh

ǫ́tt

u*

rétt

sin

sm

íns*

1Ó

láfs

drá

pa

sæn

ska

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

18 c

.a.

ald

ar*

allv

ald

r*Ó

ska

ald

ar*

allv

ald

r*ví

fli

f*2

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

Vís

ivi

g-Fr

eys

*vi

stV

ísi

vig-

Fre

ys*

aust

rrn

un

lau

st2

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

Þe

ngi

llu

ngr

þre

ksÞ

en

gill

un

grgǫ

rrǫ

rr3

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

hal

das

kh

ans

han

nh

ald

ask

ald

rh

ann

yfir

man

n3

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

Ǫrn

un

dar

nyl

grǪ

rnu

nd

arn

ylgr

sylg

4Ó

láfs

drá

pa

sæn

ska

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

18 c

.a.

op

tu

lfr

ari

op

tkj

ǫp

tar

iþ

ar4

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

Bra

ut

bre

kib

orð

Bra

ut

þau

tb

orð

mo

rð5

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

me

ðr*

mik

it*

mæ

me

ðr*

veð

r*m

æsæ

5Ó

láfs

drá

pa

sæn

ska

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

18 c

.a.

ǫrn

Ále

ifr

es

reif

irÁ

leif

rfr

amr

gram

r6

Ólá

fsd

ráp

a sæ

nsk

aO

ttar

r sv

arti

1018

c.a

.

Fold

folk

-Bal

dr

fár

Fold

folk

-Bal

dr

fár

svá

6Ó

láfs

drá

pa

sæn

ska

Ott

arr

svar

ti10

18 c

.a.

un

nar

allr

ae

ykja

un

nar

man

na

lið

sm

iðli

1En

dra

pe

om

ko

ng

Ola

fSi

gvat

r Þ

órð

arso

n10

25 c

.a.

Lop

tbyg

gvir

legg

jala

nd

sLo

ptb

yggv

irle

ggja

lan

ds

stan

das

k1

En d

rap

e o

m k

on

g O

laf

Sigv

atr

Þó

rðar

son

1025

c.a

.

ykr

jafn

ao

rmlá

ðs

ykr

þyk

kja

orm

láð

sb

áða

1Et

kva

d o

m E

rlin

gr S

kjal

gsso

nSi

gvat

r Þ

órð

arso

n10

26 c

.a.

lýgr

lægi

rli

nn

setr

slý

grlæ

gir

lin

nse

trs

be

tri

1Et

kva

d o

m E

rlin

gr S

kjal

gsso

nSi

gvat

r Þ

órð

arso

n10

26 c

.a.

Ein

nan

nan

Jalk

sEi

nn

ann

anb

ríkt

ǫp

uð

glík

an1

Et k

vad

om

Erl

ingr

Skj

algs

son

Sigv

atr

Þó

rðar

son

1026

c.a

.

gum

na*

gæti

r*G

oð

bra

nd

rví

tt*

gæti

r*G

oð

bra

nd

rlǫ

nd

um

*1

Et k

vad

om

Erl

ingr

Skj

algs

son

Sigv

atr

Þó

rðar

son

1026

c.a

.

93

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

slít

r-

Snar

fara

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

ulf

rǫ

rnyn

glin

gsǫ

rn (

en

d r

hym

e)

bǫ

rn (

en

d r

hym

e)

--

1La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

he

rsis

he

fnð

hil

mi

he

fnð

(e

nd

rh

yme

)efn

ð (

en

d r

hym

e)

--

1La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

hǫ

ggvi

nh

ræH

allv

arð

sh

ræ (

en

d r

hym

e)

sæ (

en

d r

hym

e)

--

1La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

váð

irvi

dd

ave

ðr

váð

irb

róð

ur

veð

rkv

eð

ja2

Lau

saví

sur

Skal

lagr

ímr

Kve

ldú

lfss

on

934

d.

árau

raís

arn

sár

aura

ísar

ns

rísa

2La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

he

itu

hrœ

riky

tju

rh

regg

s-

-h

regg

ssl

egg

jur

2La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

gjal

lago

lli

geis

lagj

alla

goll

in

jóts

þjó

ta2

Lau

saví

sur

Skal

lagr

ímr

Kve

ldú

lfss

on

934

d.

ýgs

egg

juák

*ýg

se

ggju

sve

igar

*d

eig

a*3

Lau

saví

sur

Skal

lagr

ímr

Kve

ldú

lfss

on

934

d.

þǫ

rfgi

þe

irar

þat

þǫ

rfgi

/væ

riþ

eir

arþ

ath

inga

t3

Lau

saví

sur

Skal

lagr

ímr

Kve

ldú

lfss

on

934

d.

ilt

øxi

un

dva

rgs

fox

øxi

un

dva

rgs

mar

gar

3La

usa

vísu

rSk

alla

grím

r K

veld

úlf

sso

n93

4 d

.

argh

yrn

uár

na

aptr

argh

yrn

uár

na

aptr

skap

ti3

Lau

saví

sur

Skal

lagr

ímr

Kve

ldú

lfss

on

934

d.

op

t*o

rða-

skip

ti*

ein

rœn

liga

*o

pt*

orð

a-sk

ipti

*e

inrœ

nli

ga*

bœ

nu

m1

Af

et

dig

t o

m e

n k

vin

de

(?)

Skra

ut-

Od

di

1000

-110

0?

Bil

bǫ́

rub

run

nin

svæ

rib

ǫ́ru

bru

nn

ins

un

nu

m1

Af

et

dig

t o

m e

n k

vin

de

(?)

Skra

ut-

Od

di

1000

-110

0?

Bǫ

lsb

ǫr

be

rg-Þ

órs

Bǫ

lsd

ylja

be

rg-Þ

órs

óru

m2

Af

et

dig

t o

m e

n k

vin

de

(?)

Skra

ut-

Od

di

1000

-110

0?

út

jarð

are

ylú

ðrs

út

skau

tie

ylú

ðrs

brú

ðir

1La

usa

vísu

r (o

. 101

0-20

)Sn

æb

jǫrn

1010

-102

0 o

.

lun

gslǫ

ngu

líðm

eld

rlu

ngs

lǫn

gulíð

me

ldr

hlíð

ar1

Lau

saví

sur

(o. 1

010-

20)

Snæ

bjǫ

rn10

10-1

020

o.

bau

gske

rðir

bar

ði

bó

lb

augs

kerð

irb

arð

ib

ól

mó

lu1

Lau

saví

sur

(o. 1

010-

20)

Snæ

bjǫ

rn10

10-1

020

o.

Hva

tth

rœra

he

rgri

mm

asta

nH

vatt

Gró

tta

he

rgri

mm

asta

nsk

erj

a1

Lau

saví

sur

(o. 1

010-

20)

Snæ

bjǫ

rn10

10-1

020

o.

hle

mm

isve

rðh

arð

rih

úfl

anga

nh

lem

mis

verð

har

ðri

hú

flan

gan

dú

fu2

Lau

saví

sur

(o. 1

010-

20)

Snæ

bjǫ

rn10

10-1

020

o.

Stjó

rvið

jar

styð

jast

áls

Stjó

rvið

jar

styð

jast

áls

mál

i2

Lau

saví

sur

(o. 1

010-

20)

Snæ

bjǫ

rn10

10-1

020

o.

vill

at-

vegr

--

vegr

nau

ðig

r1

Lau

saví

sa (

kvið

lin

gr,.

101

1)Sn

orr

i Þó

rgrí

mss

on

go

ði

1011

, 103

1 d

.

Skap

tisk

ilja

skau

tV

el

skil

jask

aut

spjó

ti1

Lau

saví

sa (

kvið

lin

gr,.

101

1)Sn

orr

i Þó

rgrí

mss

on

go

ði

1011

, 103

1 d

.

Me

ns

mil

dra

rm

júks

tall

s*M

en

sSy

nja

rm

júks

tall

s*al

lir

1A

f e

t d

igt

om

en

kvi

nd

eSt

ein

arr

1000

-110

0?

sjá*

stil

tan

*st

rau

mtu

ngl

s*ve

ltis

toð

*st

ilta

n*

stra

um

tun

gls*

dra

um

ar1

Af

et

dig

t o

m e

n k

vin

de

Ste

inar

r10

00-1

100?

urt

afu

llan

-e

k/e

nn

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rSt

ein

arr

Sjó

nas

on

950-

1000

c.a

.

Lifð

akle

ngi

létk

--

ráð

ago

ð1

Lau

saví

sur

Ste

inar

r Sj

ón

aso

n95

0-10

00 c

.a.

bat

tk-

be

lg-

-b

elg

hal

si1

Lau

saví

sur

Ste

inar

r Sj

ón

aso

n95

0-10

00 c

.a.

haf

ðak

-h

osu

--

ho

sum

osr

auð

a1

Lau

saví

sur

Ste

inar

r Sj

ón

aso

n95

0-10

00 c

.a.

Folk

-Sýr

arfj

óra

frát

t*Fo

lk-S

ýrar

fjó

rafr

átt*

átta

2La

usa

vísu

rSt

ein

arr

Sjó

nas

on

950-

1000

c.a

.

sárg

eit

un

gasv

eit

asa

nn

eld

ingu

sárg

eit

un

gasv

eit

asa

nn

eld

ingu

feld

an2

Lau

saví

sur

Ste

inar

r Sj

ón

aso

n95

0-10

00 c

.a.

bjó

ðr

Be

rsa

Be

stlu

fors

aB

ers

aB

est

lule

sti

2La

usa

vísu

rSt

ein

arr

Sjó

nas

on

950-

1000

c.a

.

skyg

gsSk

rým

issk

erð

en

dr

skyg

gse

ggju

ske

rðe

nd

rve

rða

2La

usa

vísu

rSt

ein

arr

Sjó

nas

on

950-

1000

c.a

.

Brœ

ðr

bli

nd

um

bau

gle

stir

myn

da

bli

nd

um

bau

gle

stir

fest

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

svar

til

Ko

rmak

s 19

)St

ein

gerð

r Þ

ork

eti

lsd

ótt

ir95

0-10

00 o

.

goð

gerð

isk

góð

yrð

ige

rðis

kgó

ðFr

óð

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

svar

til

Ko

rmak

s 19

)St

ein

gerð

r Þ

ork

eti

lsd

ótt

ir95

0-10

00 o

.

Forn

gǫrv

anfi

rnu

mfa

rms

Forn

gǫrv

anfi

rnu

mfa

rms

arm

a1

Af

et

ub

est

em

me

ligt

dig

tSt

ein

þó

rr10

00-1

100?

ho

rna

hró

sah

lítst

yggs

ho

rna

fors

hlít

styg

gslít

inn

1A

f e

t u

be

ste

mm

eli

gt d

igt

Ste

inþ

órr

1000

-110

0?

hlu

nn

sH

eit

ah

yrja

rh

lun

ns

fan

nir

fló

ðs

mó

ði

1A

f e

t u

be

ste

mm

eli

gt d

igt

Styr

kárr

Od

das

on

1000

-110

0?

Ok/

ep

tít

rum

ók

ok

stø

kkvi

Hǫ

gna

vǫgn

um

1A

f e

t u

be

ste

mm

eli

gt d

igt

Styr

kárr

Od

das

on

1000

-110

0?

góð

sgj

ǫld

um

gun

nve

ggja

r-

-gu

nn

vegg

jar

legg

ja1

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

hre

ingǫ

ruh

lýri

hil

dar

--

fats

Þja

za1

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Mis

sin

g Li

ne

Mis

sin

g Li

ne

rad

dkl

eif

Mis

sin

g Li

ne

Mis

sin

g Li

ne

rad

dkl

eif

Þó

rle

ifi

1H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Týfr

amra

tíva

tryg

glau

st-

-tr

yggl

aust

þri

ggja

1H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

94

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

ǫrn

æsi

rár

--

árb

ǫ́ru

2H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Segj

ǫn

du

msa

gna

snó

tar

Segj

ǫn

du

msa

gna

snó

tar

mó

ti2

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

byr

gi-T

ýr*

bja

rga*

ble

yði*

byr

gi-T

ýr*

bja

rga*

ble

yði*

seyð

i2

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

gem

lis

gǫm

lum

glam

mi

gem

lis

gǫm

lum

glam

mi

skǫ

mm

u2

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Torm

iðlu

ðr

tívu

mtá

lhre

inn

--

tálh

rein

nb

ein

a3

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

mar

gsp

akr

mæ

lam

ǫ́r

--

mǫ́

rb

ǫ́ru

3H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Hœ

nis

*h

ǫ́n

um

*h

oll

r*H

œn

is*

hǫ́

nu

m*

ho

llr*

þo

lli

3H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hva

th

apta

hja

lmfa

ldin

nh

vat

snyt

rir

hja

lmfa

ldin

nva

lda

3H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hla

ut*

he

lgu

mh

rafn

ásar

*h

lau

t*sk

utl

ih

rafn

ásar

*b

lása

*4

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Fjal

lgyl

ðir

fyll

arfe

t-M

eil

aFj

allg

ylð

irfy

llar

fet-

Me

ila

de

ila

4H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

véls

par

irvǫ́

ruva

rne

nd

rþ

ars

vǫ́ru

varn

en

dr

farn

ir4

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

vin

g-rǫ

gnir

vagn

aví

gfre

krvi

ng-

rǫgn

irva

gna

vígf

rekr

síga

sk4

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

þe

kkil

igr

þe

gnu

mþ

rym

seil

ar-

-þ

rym

seil

ard

eil

a5

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

ósv

ífra

nd

iás

au

pp

ósv

ífra

nd

iás

aþ

jórh

luti

fjó

ra5

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

bre

iðu

bjó

ði

bra

gðví

ssb

reið

ub

jóð

ib

ragð

víss

lagð

i5

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Fljó

ttfo

ldar

Fárb

auta

Fljó

ttd

rótt

inn

Fárb

auta

Vár

ar5

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

slíð

rlig

así

ðan

svan

grsl

íðrl

iga

síð

ansv

angr

lǫn

gu*

6H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

áte

ikir

ótu

mo

kbjǫ

rnát

eik

iró

tum

okb

jǫrn

Mar

nar

6H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hir

ði-

Týr

he

rða

he

rfan

gsh

irð

i-Tý

rh

erð

ah

erf

angs

stǫ

ngu

6H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

djú

ph

uga

ðr

dræ

pi

do

lgd

júp

hu

gað

rd

ræp

ib

alla

stan

vall

ar6

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

fast

rfó

stra

farm

rfa

str

fóst

rafa

rmr

arm

a7

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

ǫll

eyg

jaǫ

nd

urg

oð

sre

gin

eyg

jaǫ

nd

urg

oð

sb

ǫn

du

m7

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

ho

lls

Hœ

nis

he

nd

rvi

nar

Hœ

nis

he

nd

re

nd

a7

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

rǫ́ra

mm

anre

imu

ð-

-re

imu

ðJǫ

tun

he

ima

7H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

mǫ́

lun

aut

mát

tim

iðju

ngs

hva

t's/

mǫ́

lun

aut

mát

tim

iðju

ngs

bið

ja8

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Fló

fró

ðgu

mfa

ngs

æll

--

fan

gsæ

llla

nga

n8

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

sve

ita

svát

/sli

tna

sun

dr

sve

ita

svát

sun

dr

mu

nd

i8

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

þá

Þó

rsþ

un

gr*

--

þu

ngr

*sp

run

gin

n*

8H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Bru

nn

akrs

be

kkja

rB

rísi

ngs

Bru

nn

akrs

be

kkja

rB

rísi

ngs

dís

i9

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Sér

sagn

aso

rgœ

ran

Sér

hrœ

riso

rgœ

ran

fœra

9H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

ell

ilyf

ása

áttr

un

nr

þás

ása

áttr

un

nr

kun

ni

9H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

girð

iþjó

frga

rða

grjó

t-N

íðað

argi

rðiþ

jófr

garð

agr

jót-

Níð

aðar

síð

an9

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

he

ldr*

hár

arh

amlj

ót*

vǫ́ru

*h

árar

ham

ljó

t*ga

mla

r10

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

bra

ttra

bar

ða

byg

gve

nd

rU

rðu

tb

arð

ab

yggv

en

dr

hry

ggvi

r10

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Iðjǫ

tnu

mu

nn

rIð

m

eð

un

nr

sun

nan

10H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

alla

rát

tir

Ingv

ifre

ysgæ

ttu

skát

tir

Ingv

ifre

ysþ

ingi

10H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

leið

iþir

rlæ

valu

nd

--

lun

db

un

du

11H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hry

nsæ

vah

ræva

hu

nd

hry

nsæ

vah

ræva

hu

nd

fun

du

11H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

mu

nm

æra

me

yst

œra

nd

im

æra

aptr

hap

ta11

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

vélt

rvé

lum

vre

iðr

vélt

r/sk

alt

vélu

m/v

élt

rvr

eið

rle

iðir

11H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hu

gre

ynan

di

Hœ

nis

hau

ksh

ugr

eyn

and

iH

œn

ish

auks

auki

nn

12H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

lóm

hu

gað

rla

gði

leik

bla

ðs

lóm

hu

gað

rla

gði

leik

bla

ðs

fjað

rar

12H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

svá

síð

an*

sve

ik*

He

yrð

aksí

ðan

*sv

eik

*le

iku

m*

12H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

ern

bar

ni

arn

súg

ern

bar

ni

arn

súg

Mar

nar

12H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

95

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

skjó

ttsk

ófu

skǫ

pt

Hó

fusk

ófu

gin

nre

gin

bri

nn

a13

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

son

rsv

iðn

arsv

eip

r*b

iðil

ssv

iðn

arsv

eip

r*G

reip

ar13

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

fátt

fjal

laFi

nn

sÞ

at's

fátt

Fin

ns

min

ni

13H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Bau

gsb

ifu

mb

ifkl

eif

--

bif

kle

ifÞ

órl

eif

i13

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

he

llis

hyr

jar

hau

gb

aur

hyr

jar

hau

gb

augi

14H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

ók

ísar

nle

iki

Jarð

aró

kís

arn

leik

isu

nr

du

nð

i14

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

mó

ðr

Me

ila

Mán

am

óð

rb

lóð

aM

ána

hǫ́

nu

m14

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Eðr

jǫtn

aó

tti

--

ótt

isó

ttan

14H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

gru

nd

gráp

igi

nn

un

gagr

un

dh

run

din

gin

nu

nga

bri

nn

a15

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

haf

regi

nh

afra

rh

ógr

eið

arh

afre

gin

haf

rar

hó

gre

iðar

dró

gu15

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

seð

r*Sv

ǫln

is*

sun

dr*

gekk

*e

kkja

*su

nd

r*fu

nd

i15

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

ǫll

Ull

are

nd

ilǫ́

gǫ

llU

llar

en

dil

ǫ́g

mág

i15

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Bal

drs

bar

mi

be

rgÞ

yrm

ðit

bar

mi

solg

nu

md

olg

i16

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

bjǫ

rgb

rust

ub

ran

nh

rist

usk

bru

stu

bra

nn

man

na

16H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

mjǫ

km

óti

myr

kbe

ins

mjǫ

kh

røkk

vam

yrkb

ein

sre

inar

16H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

vígl

igan

vagn

avá

ttví

glig

anva

gna

vátt

þát

ti16

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

trjó

nu

tro

lls

tíð

str

jón

uo

f-rú

na

tíð

sb

íða

17H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

un

dil

jar

íss

fǫlr

ilja

rís

sd

ísir

*17

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

hǫ

ggs

hǫ

rðu

mh

rau

nd

ren

grva

rðat

hǫ

rðu

mh

rau

nd

ren

grle

ngi

17H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Brá

ttb

jarg

ab

ǫn

dB

rátt

gæti

bǫ

nd

ran

da

17H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Fjǫ

rsp

illi

rfa

lla

fjal

frs

Fjǫ

rsp

illi

rfa

lla

fjal

frs

gjal

fra

18H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

gru

nd

argi

lja

gram

r-

-gr

amr

ham

ri18

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

bǫ

lve

rðu

nga

rB

elj

ab

olm

bǫ

lve

rðu

nga

rB

elj

ab

olm

ho

lmi

18H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

be

rg-D

ana

bæ

gði

brj

ótr

--

brj

ótr

jǫrm

un

þrj

óti

18H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

stál

ast

okk

inst

óð

vikr

sto

kkin

stó

ðb

lóð

i19

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

eð

rÓ

ðin

só

lau

se

ðr

Óð

ins

óla

us

hau

si19

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

hve

inh

jarn

ah

ein

hve

inm

œn

ih

ein

sve

ini

19H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

hǫ

rðh

erj

uh

eim

þin

gað

arh

ǫrð

he

rju

he

imþ

inga

ðar

Vin

gnis

19H

aust

lǫn

gÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Gǫ

rla

Ge

itis

garð

ilít

kG

eit

isga

rði

farð

ir20

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

reið

i-Tý

sra

uð

ary

ðs

reið

i-Tý

sra

uð

ah

œli

bǫ

lgœ

li20

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hár

sÁ

ðr

hn

eig

ihlíð

um

hár

ssá

ra20

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Bau

gsb

ifu

mb

ifkl

eif

--

bif

kle

ifÞ

órl

eif

i20

Hau

stlǫ

ng

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

Hǫ

fðu

mh

ǫfð

ih

ǫgg

Hǫ

fðu

mh

ǫfð

ih

ǫgg

egg

ja1

Lau

saví

sur

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

vell

bro

tavi

tru

mvǫ́

rum

ave

llb

rota

vitr

um

vǫ́ru

ma

mar

gir

1La

usa

vísu

rÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Ge

itis

grjó

ti*

Go

ðrø

ðr

Ge

itis

grjó

ti*

--

2La

usa

vísu

rÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

Fari

ða

fle

yja

flat

vǫll

rFa

rið

aáð

rfl

atvǫ

llr

bat

nar

2La

usa

vísu

rÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

vin

db

ýsn

aví

siví

ðfr

ægr

vin

db

ýsn

aví

siví

ðfr

ægr

bíð

a2

Lau

saví

sur

Þjó

ðó

lfr

ór

Hví

ni

800-

900

vesi

ðve

rði

veð

rve

sið

oss

veð

rJa

ðri

2La

usa

vísu

rÞ

jóð

ólf

r ó

r H

vín

i80

0-90

0

gnap

sóla

rG

rip

nis

gnýs

tœra

nd

ign

apsó

lar

Gri

pn

isgn

ýstœ

ran

di

fœri

1G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Hil

mir

he

iði

hja

ldrs

eið

sré

ðh

eið

ih

jald

rse

iðs

gald

ra1

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

óð

rœ

skim

eið

ae

yó

ðr

við

ey

he

yja

1G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

rau

snar

sam

rri

mm

urí

ðvi

ggs

rau

snar

sam

rri

mm

urí

ðvi

ggs

skíð

um

1G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

96

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

he

lkan

nan

da

hle

nn

ah

lym

ræks

he

lkan

nan

da

hle

nn

ah

lym

ræks

glym

ja2

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

rœsi

nað

rra

usn

arra

krœ

sin

aðr

rau

snar

rak

nǫ

kkva

2G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

mar

mœ

tir

man

nsk

œð

rú

tm

œti

rm

ann

skœ

ðr

tan

na

2G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Ge

rði

glam

ma

gný

Ge

rði

ferð

ard

rótt

Þró

ttar

2G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Hrj

óð

rh

æst

rar

har

ðrá

ðr

Hrj

óð

rtí

ðar

har

ðrá

ðr

bǫ

rðu

m3

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

bǫ́

rub

leik

ab

arn

un

grfá

ksb

leik

ab

arn

un

grþ

run

git

3G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

rau

ðra

*ra

nd

a*rǫ

dd

*e

nd

isk*

ran

da*

rǫd

d*

kvǫ

dd

usk

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

alls

nœ

frir

jǫfr

aro

rðal

aust

alls

nœ

frir

jǫfr

aro

rðal

aust

mo

rði

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

bar

skb

orð

ib

orð

hǫ

lkvi

Þar

bar

skb

orð

hǫ

lkvi

no

rðan

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

hlíf

arh

ild

arh

regg

vald

rh

ild

arh

regg

tve

ggja

4G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

gram

rgn

úð

uge

ira

Háð

ign

úð

uh

regg

segg

i5

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

rau

snræ

siré

ð*

rau

snræ

sie

ggli

tuð

r*se

ggir

5G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

hjǫ

rrh

lífar

hn

igu

--

hn

igu

sigr

i*5

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

be

n*

bló

ði*

bry

ngǫ

glra

uð

*b

lóð

i*b

ryn

gǫgl

Skǫ

glar

5G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

lin

dih

jǫrt

lan

di

lun

dp

rúð

rli

nd

ihjǫ

rtla

nd

ilu

nd

prú

ðr

bu

nd

inn

6G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

gram

r*gu

mn

um

geð

har

ðr*

gram

r*gu

mn

um

geð

har

ðr*

jǫrð

u6

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

hja

lmta

mið

rh

ilm

irh

olm

reyð

arh

jalm

tam

iðr

hil

mir

ho

lmre

yðar

olm

an6

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

Gre

nn

irgu

nn

i*gu

nn

mǫ́

sG

ren

nir

gun

ni*

/þrǫ

ng

gun

nm

ǫ́s

sun

nan

6G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

svar

tsky

ggð

segg

isv

erð

svar

tsky

ggð

segg

isv

erð

ferð

ar7

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

hu

gfyl

dra

*h

ǫlð

a*h

lau

th

ugf

yld

ra*

hǫ

lða*

hla

ut

Gau

ta7

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

Rík

sre

idd

ra*

rym

r*-

-ry

mr*

glym

ja*

7G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

sǫn

gr*

svír

um

*si

gr-

-si

grvi

gra*

7G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

lǫgð

islá

ði

lœb

rau

tar

eið

slá

ði

lœb

rau

tar

flœ

ja8

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

sókn

*sa

nd

i*sa

nd

me

ns

lun

dr*

san

di*

san

dm

en

sra

nd

ir8

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

áðr

elj

un

prú

ðu

mal

lráð

re

lju

np

rúð

um

he

rrþ

verr

i8

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

Me

nfe

rgir

mar

gar

mar

gsp

akr

Me

nfe

rgir

mar

gar

mar

gsp

akr

varg

a*8

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

yðr

œð

rian

nar

ryð

rœ

ðri

ann

arr

kon

un

gman

na

9G

lym

drá

pa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

gjǫ

fli

gam

lan

gnap

stó

lrœ

mð

rga

mla

ngn

apst

ól

sóla

r9

Gly

md

ráp

aÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

frán

leit

u-

fogl

srǫ

dd

en

ni

frán

leit

u-

-2

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Vit

rva

lkyr

jave

rar

Vit

rþ

ótt

isk

vera

ró

ru2

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

un

gum

yngl

ingi

egg

iu

ngu

myn

glin

gi-

-4

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

Ku

nn

ako

nu

ng

Kvi

nn

um

Ku

nn

ako

nu

ng

þan

ns

Kvi

nn

um

5H

aral

dsk

væð

i (H

rafn

smál

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

kon

un

grky

nst

óri

Kjǫ

tva

en

nky

nst

óri

við

auð

lagð

a7

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

œst

usk

aust

kylf

ur

Jað

arœ

stu

skau

stky

lfu

r-

-11

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

kon

un

grky

nst

óri

kon

uko

nu

ngr

kyn

stó

riko

nu

dǫ

nsk

u14

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

ítra

ógn

flýt

iríþ

rótt

arm

en

nít

raó

gnfl

ýtir

við

íþró

ttar

me

nn

15H

aral

dsk

væð

i (H

rafn

smál

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

skyl

isk

ilví

sisk

jǫld

skyl

isk

ilví

si-

-21

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

hu

nd

i-

he

imsk

uh

un

di

An

dað

r-

-23

Har

ald

skvæ

ði (

Hra

fnsm

ál)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

gerð

um

-go

llb

augu

msé

rþ

eir

a-

-19

*H

aral

dsk

væð

i (H

rafn

smál

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

kun

nle

iku

mko

nu

ng

-ku

nn

leik

um

kon

un

grá

ða

rau

ðu

m19

*H

aral

dsk

væð

i (H

rafn

smál

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

Hil

dr

he

ldu

Hǫ

rnH

ild

rh

eld

ugr

áts

látr

i1

Lau

saví

saÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

lið

bjú

grar

leyg

jar

lét

lið

bjú

grar

leyg

jar

æva

sæva

r1

Lau

saví

saÞ

órb

jǫrn

ho

rnkl

ofi

900

c.a.

eig

i/e

nn

ekk

juau

stm

ann

am

un

en

nau

stm

ann

asa

nn

ask

1La

usa

vísa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

lyst

rla

sta

lest

un

dir

lyst

rla

sta

lest

un

dir

þe

ssa

1La

usa

vísa

Þó

rbjǫ

rn h

orn

klo

fi90

0 c.

a.

97

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Hla

kkar

hag

lih

ræs

Hla

kkar

sto

kkin

n-

-1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

55)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn þ

yna,

Hró

mu

nd

ar s

on

hal

ta95

5 d

. o.

mó

ðr

mo

rgin

brá

ðar

mǫ́

rm

óð

rm

org

inb

ráð

arm

ǫ́r

bǫ́

ru1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

55)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn þ

yna,

Hró

mu

nd

ar s

on

hal

ta95

5 d

. o.

en

dr

un

da

eið

se

nd

ru

nd

ae

iðs

me

iði

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 955

)Þ

órb

jǫrn

þyn

a, H

róm

un

dar

so

n h

alta

955

d. o

.

hræ

vah

auka

rh

ild

inga

gau

krh

auka

rh

ild

inga

vild

u1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

55)

Þó

rbjǫ

rn þ

yna,

Hró

mu

nd

ar s

on

hal

ta95

5 d

. o.

Ge

irr

gum

na

gnas

tG

eir

rsǫ́

rum

gnas

tla

sta

1K

við

lin

gr (

962;

jfr.

Gís

li S

úrs

son

6).

Þó

rgrí

mr

goð

i Þó

rste

inss

on

963

d.

lan

d*

lýð

um

*la

sta*

--

last

a*b

azta

1La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

mik

me

iðar

mal

mþ

ings

kvǫ́

ðu

me

iðar

mal

mþ

ings

hin

gat

1La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

krýp

kke

ldu

kom

ath

eld

r 's

keld

uví

nm

ína

1La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

Bíld

sb

yttu

be

iði-

Týr

hat

tar

byt

tub

eið

i-Tý

rst

ýra

1La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

ken

ni-

Val

kan

na

knar

rar

ken

ni-

Val

kan

na

ske

iðb

reið

u2

Lau

saví

sur

(100

3)Þ

órh

allr

ve

iðim

aðr

1000

c.a

.

Lau

fale

yfa

lǫn

dLa

ufa

leyf

alǫ

nd

Furð

ust

rǫn

du

m2

Lau

saví

sur

(100

3)Þ

órh

allr

ve

iðim

aðr

1000

c.a

.

aptr

óri

re

ruFǫ

rum

óri

rsa

nd

him

ins

lan

dar

2La

usa

vísu

r (1

003)

Þó

rhal

lr v

eið

imað

r10

00 c

.a.

bil

styg

gvir

byg

gva

be

lle

nd

rb

ilst

yggv

irb

yggv

ab

ell

en

dr

vell

a2

Lau

saví

sur

(100

3)Þ

órh

allr

ve

iðim

aðr

1000

c.a

.

gap

ríp

lar

góð

irgæ

gr-

-gæ

grau

gum

1K

við

lin

gr (

o. 9

77).

Þó

rhil

dr

skál

dko

na

900-

1000

kjó

lake

yrir

Kal

dak

inn

Hé

rke

yrir

Kal

dak

inn

ald

r1

Lau

saví

saÞ

óri

r sn

ep

ill K

eti

lsso

n90

0 c.

a.

he

ilir

-H

jǫlm

un

-Gau

tr-

-H

jǫlm

un

-Gau

trb

rau

t1

Lau

saví

saÞ

óri

r sn

ep

ill K

eti

lsso

n90

0 c.

a.

ek/

em

/af*

angr

i*ó

frýn

n*

ek*

mik

lu*

ófr

ýnn

*d

ýnu

1La

usa

vísa

(o

mkr

. 965

; ægt

e?)

Þó

rke

till

kly

pp

r Þ

órð

arso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

be

ðb

yggv

ab

jórr

ans

Hyg

gb

yggv

ab

jórr

ans

Nan

na

1La

usa

vísa

(o

mkr

. 965

; ægt

e?)

Þó

rke

till

kly

pp

r Þ

órð

arso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

bra

gnin

gsb

lóð

ib

en

gjó

ði

áðr

bló

ði

be

ngj

óð

irj

óð

um

1La

usa

vísa

(o

mkr

. 965

; ægt

e?)

Þó

rke

till

kly

pp

r Þ

órð

arso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

dau

ðs

dáð

ad

rekk

dau

ðs

dáð

ad

rekk

þe

kkja

1La

usa

vísa

(o

mkr

. 965

; ægt

e?)

Þó

rke

till

kly

pp

r Þ

órð

arso

n92

5-97

5 c.

a.

Jóta

ítri

Engl

and

iJó

taít

riEn

glan

di

bra

nd

a1

Dra

pe

om

Sve

n t

vesk

æg

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Op

tœ

rna

ǫð

lin

gsO

pt

gip

tuǫ

ðli

ngs

rǫð

la1

Dra

pe

om

Sve

n t

vesk

æg

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

nám

sn

økk

vin

aðrb

ings

mǫ

kkr

nø

kkvi

nað

rbin

gsh

inga

t1

Jarl

sníð

(o

. 990

)Þ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

990

o. 9

50-1

000

up

pe

ystr

aé

l-

-fe

stis

kve

stra

1Ja

rlsn

íð (

o. 9

90)

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n99

0 o

. 950

-100

0

en

Ále

ifi

ǫ́l

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

verð

a-

vér

--

--

1La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

bǫ

lb

úin

nB

ǫgg

vir

--

Bǫ

ggvi

rh

ǫgg

vin

n1

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Be

lg-

Bǫ

ggvi

rfy

rm

ér

Bǫ

ggvi

rsn

øgg

van

1La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

hæ

ttli

gh

rin

gah

nit

sól

--

hn

itsó

lfi

tjar

2La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

me

iðr

mal

ma

me

ns

me

iðr

veð

rim

en

sgr

en

ja2

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

fell

i-G

uð

rfj

alla

feti

lsfe

lli-

Gu

ðr

fjal

latr

oll

aþ

oll

i2

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Rau

ðk

ran

da

ríto

rms

Rau

ðk

gœð

irí

torm

sví

ti2

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

bǫ

ðre

ynd

anb

ran

di

bló

ðo

rmb

ǫð

reyn

dan

bra

nd

ib

lóð

orm

góð

an3

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

dyg

gr's

*d

rýgj

a*d

olg

*d

yggr

's*/

drý

gja*

drý

gja*

/egg

ja*

min

nin

gusi

nn

i3

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

hræ

vah

reif

um

he

ggr

gífr

s...

hræ

va?

hre

ifu

mh

egg

rsk

egg

i3

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

mik

mu

nd

um

un

dh

yrs

sen

dir

mu

nd

um

un

dh

yrs

un

dan

3La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

oss

eig

iú

th

lœgi

re

igi

út

he

llis

skú

ta4

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

óvi

nir

óri

ro

ss-

-le

iða

mat

reið

ur

4La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

Hé

r/h

vetk

hva

ssan

hly

mb

ran

dsi

tkh

vetk

hly

mb

ran

dra

nd

ar4

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

be

rnsk

ligi

rb

áðir

bó

l-

-b

ól

sóla

r4

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Hro

llir

hu

grh

efr

Hro

llir

illa

dre

ngr

fen

git

5La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

kol

knar

rar

kǫld

hve

rrkn

arra

rkǫ

ldgj

ald

a5

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

sér

slé

ttri

svar

risé

re

yri

svar

rikn

arra

r5

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

en

up

pǫ

ldu

en

bre

nn

aǫ

ldu

skal

di

5La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

98

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

Gau

trgr

jóti

gun

ne

lds

Gau

trgr

jóti

gun

ne

lds

fjǫ

lku

nn

i6

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

han

nh

elj

uh

víla

skm

un

han

nh

víla

skm

ílu6

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

vill

um

aðr

vell

iví

gdja

rfr

vill

um

aðr

vell

iví

gdja

rfr

refi

lstí

ga6

Lau

saví

sur

Þo

rle

ifr

jarl

sská

ld R

auð

feld

arso

n95

0-10

00

Hva

rfh

ild

ar-d

jarf

ih

vat*

Hva

rfh

ild

ar-d

jarf

iva

rð*

Þó

rgar

ði*

6La

usa

vísu

rÞ

orl

eif

r ja

rlss

káld

Rau

ðfe

ldar

son

950-

1000

velt

iva

lgal

tar

Víg

fús

velt

iva

lgal

tar

--

1H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

brǫ́

ðb

ǫð

-Nir

ði

Bja

rnar

brǫ́

ðb

ǫð

-Nir

ði

--

1H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

slít

así

ðan

sǫ́ru

m-

-sǫ́

rum

be

nsk

árar

1H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

Feld

ifo

lks

fyrs

tFe

ldi

vald

ify

rst

goll

byr

sta

1H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

un

da

eld

iA

rnke

til

--

--

2H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

Fekk

folk

rakk

ifr

amð

isk*

Fekk

folk

rakk

i-

-2

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

lau

stlíf

sLe

ifa

lau

stkǫ

stu

Leif

am

á-re

ifir

2H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

Sno

rri

sáro

rra

sve

rði

Sno

rri

sáro

rra

sve

rði

verð

ar2

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

ǫrn

ulf

sA

lpta

firð

i-

--

-3

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

fjǫ

rvi

fim

mfj

and

rfi

mm

nu

mn

a-

-3

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

Sad

di

svan

gre

dd

irsá

raSa

dd

isv

angr

ed

dir

sára

dyn

bǫ́

ru3

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

þar

þá

þe

gna

þar

Sno

rri

þe

gna

hjǫ

rre

gni

3H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

sjau

síð

ansl

íks*

--

--

4H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

týn

irtj

ǫr-

rein

artv

átý

nir

tjǫ

r-re

inar

--

4H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

gífr

sgr

and

-ne

sigu

mn

ar-

-gu

mn

arfj

ǫrn

um

nir

4H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

Me

irr

mó

ðb

arri

me

nn

Me

irr

mó

ðb

arri

me

nn

hjǫ

rse

nn

u4

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

Bǫ

ðB

itru

brǫ́

ð-

--

-5

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

lǫ́gu

lífs

leið

en

dr

--

leið

en

dr

haf

reið

ar5

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

gørv

ign

ógs

gjó

ðu

mgø

rvi

styr

jar

gjó

ðu

msi

gflj

óð

a5

Hra

fnsm

álÞ

órm

óð

r Tr

efi

lsso

n10

12 c

.a.

þrí

rþ

reks

tœri

þar

þrí

rþ

reks

tœri

þar

væri

5H

rafn

smál

Þó

rmó

ðr

Tre

fils

son

1012

c.a

.

sve

inn

sœm

risí

ns

myn

isv

ein

n-

-1

Lau

saví

saÞ

órs

tein

n t

jald

stœ

ðin

gr Á

sgrí

mss

on

900

c.a.

mǫ

gm

óð

ur

mé

r-

-ka

ltgo

lfi

1La

usa

vísa

Þó

rste

inn

tja

ldst

œð

ingr

Ásg

rím

sso

n90

0 c.

a.

létt

iðlj

ótu

lifa

létt

iðlj

ótu

en

nm

ǫn

nu

m1

Lau

saví

saÞ

órs

tein

n t

jald

stœ

ðin

gr Á

sgrí

mss

on

900

c.a.

járn

egg

jaja

rðar

--

jarð

arsk

erð

a1

Lau

saví

saÞ

órs

tein

n t

jald

stœ

ðin

gr Á

sgrí

mss

on

900

c.a.

elf

aru

lfa

Eiri

kre

lfar

ulf

aEi

rikr

geir

a1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

85).

Þó

rval

dr

Hja

ltas

on

985

o.

vǫrð

rvi

rkis

vest

rvǫ

rðr

garð

ive

str

he

sta

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 985

).Þ

órv

ald

r H

jalt

aso

n98

5 o

.

Fari

ðFý

risv

alla

rfo

lka

Fari

ðFý

risv

alla

rtu

ngi

sh

un

grar

1La

usa

vísa

(o

. 985

).Þ

órv

ald

r H

jalt

aso

n98

5 o

.

he

fr/h

regg

dra

ugah

ǫgg

vit

hó

llau

st*

hre

ggd

rau

gah

ǫgg

vit

hó

llau

st*

sóla

r1

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

85).

Þó

rval

dr

Hja

ltas

on

985

o.

Ilt

ǫln

aǫ

rkve

ðjǫ

nd

um

Ilt

fjal

laǫ

rkve

ðjǫ

nd

um

be

ðja

r2

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

85).

Þó

rval

dr

Hja

ltas

on

985

o.

þat

þe

irþ

eir

aþ

ate

itt

þe

irfl

eir

a2

Lau

saví

sa (

o. 9

85).

Þó

rval

dr

Hja

ltas

on

985

o.

Svíþ

jóð

arsí

ðan

sve

imSv

íþjó

ðar

síð

ansv

eim

he

iman

2La

usa

vísa

(o

. 985

).Þ

órv

ald

r H

jalt

aso

n98

5 o

.

he

rsh

en

da*

hu

nd

mar

gs-

-h

un

dm

args

un

dan

2La

usa

vísa

(o

. 985

).Þ

órv

ald

r H

jalt

aso

n98

5 o

.

dó

md

ýra

dre

ngr

Fórk

dýr

ad

ren

gre

ngi

1La

usa

vísa

(98

2).

Þo

rval

dr

Ko

ðrá

nss

on

en

n v

íðfǫ

rli

950-

1000

en

en

gaal

din

en

en

ga/s

vin

nu

ald

insk

ald

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

982)

.Þ

orv

ald

r K

oð

rán

sso

n e

nn

víð

fǫrl

i95

0-10

00

goð

*gy

ðju

*ga

llgo

ð*

gyð

ju*

gall

stal

la1

Lau

saví

sa (

982)

.Þ

orv

ald

r K

oð

rán

sso

n e

nn

víð

fǫrl

i95

0-10

00

háð

hre

yti

hla

utt

ein

sgǫ́

tum

hre

yti

hla

utt

ein

ssv

ein

i1

Lau

saví

sa (

982)

.Þ

orv

ald

r K

oð

rán

sso

n e

nn

víð

fǫrl

i95

0-10

00

99

All

it1

All

it2

All

it3

Rh

ym1a

Rh

ym1b

Rh

ym2a

Rh

ym2b

Ve

rsP

oe

mP

oe

tA

ge

ek/

ein

nú

tM

issi

ng

--

--

1K

red

da

(cre

do

)Þ

rán

dr

í Gǫ

tu10

00-1

100

fjó

rir

fylg

jafi

mm

--

--

1K

red

da

(cre

do

)Þ

rán

dr

í Gǫ

tu10

00-1

100

syn

gsa

lma/

sjau

séi

--

--

1K

red

da

(cre

do

)Þ

rán

dr

í Gǫ

tu10

00-1

100

be

rkb

œn

bœ

nb

erk

mé

r-

-1

Kre

dd

a (c

red

o)

Þrá

nd

r í G

ǫtu

1000

-110

0

rast

akar

ns*

rist

na

réð

k*ra

stak

arn

s*ri

stn

am

art*

bja

rta*

1La

usa

vísa

Tjǫ

rfi e

nn

háð

sam

i92

5-97

5 c.

a.

auð

aru

nga

áðr

auð

arÞ

rúð

iáð

rfá

ða

1La

usa

vísa

Tjǫ

rfi e

nn

háð

sam

i92

5-97

5 c.

a.

þar

Þó

riþ

atþ

arÞ

óri

sett

gle

ttu

1La

usa

vísa

Tjǫ

rfi e

nn

háð

sam

i92

5-97

5 c.

a.

hau

kah

ep

tiH

línsk

op

ts*

he

pti

Hlín

mín

u1

Lau

saví

saTj

ǫrf

i en

n h

áðsa

mi

925-

975

c.a.

dǫ

rrd

olg

ad

ugi

r-

--

-1

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

Hró

lfs

he

nd

iH

roll

augi

--

Hro

llau

gifl

júga

1La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

þe

gjan

di

þe

tta

Þó

rir

sitr

þe

tta

Þó

rir

Mœ

ri1

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

kve

ldkn

ýju

mke

rstr

aum

i-

-ke

rstr

aum

iró

mu

1La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

hǫ́

nu

m*

har

ðan

*H

áfœ

tu-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

Re

kit

Rǫ

gnva

lds

rétt

--

--

2La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

snar

pir

sve

inar

sigr

i-

--

-2

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

folk

stu

ðil

l*fa

llin

n*

fjó

rðu

ngi

folk

stu

ðil

l*fa

llin

n*

--

2La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

hræ

va*

ho

lma

ho

lun

da

--

ho

lun

da

gœla

k3

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

glað

rge

irar

gótt

's*

--

vin

na*

man

ni*

3La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

þe

ygi

þyk

kiþ

ar*

--

þar

*sǫ́

rum

*3

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

bǫ

ðfí

kin

na

bra

gna

bit

u-

-þ

en

gils

un

gan

3La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

þat

þe

ygi

þe

irþ

atvi

tu-

-4

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

ýmis

sum

ǫ́tt

um

ósm

ábo

rnir

--

ósm

ábo

rnir

gjar

nir

4La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

mín

sm

argi

rm

en

nfj

ǫrs

mar

gir

me

nn

san

nar

4La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

ilþ

orn

aar

nar

un

dir

ilþ

orn

aar

nar

un

dir

stan

da

4La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

un

gsEy

jum

allv

ald

s-

-al

lval

ds

fall

i5

Lau

saví

sur

Torf

-Ein

arr

jarl

900

c.a.

skar

ðsk

ild

isk

alat

*H

aral

ds

skil

di

ugg

a*h

ǫgg

vit

5La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

sekr

sau

ði

segg

r-

-se

ggr

ske

ggi

5La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

hæ

tth

ǫlð

arh

ugf

ull

an-

-h

ugf

ull

anst

illi

5La

usa

vísu

rTo

rf-E

inar

r ja

rl90

0 c.

a.

bil

grǫ

nd

uð

rb

ran

di

be

rse

rkju

mb

ilgr

ǫn

du

ðr

bra

nd

ib

ers

erk

jum

me

rkð

an1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.V

íga-

Styr

r Þ

órg

rím

sso

n10

07 d

.

mé

rm

ynd

im

óte

flan

da

Sýn

dis

km

ynd

im

óte

flan

da

spjó

ta1

Lau

saví

sa (

983)

.V

íga-

Styr

r Þ

órg

rím

sso

n10

07 d

.

ugg

ike

igi

ofr

gan

gu

ggik

eig

i/se

ggja

ofr

gan

gst

ran

gan

1La

usa

vísa

(98

3).

Víg

a-St

yrr

Þó

rgrí

mss

on

1007

d.

Ála

ekk

ié

lhe

rðe

nd

rÁ

lad

æli

ré

lhe

rðe

nd

rve

rða

1La

usa

vísa

(98

3).

Víg

a-St

yrr

Þó

rgrí

mss

on

1007

d.

góm

agl

ymja

glau

mb

erg

sgó

ma

glym

jagl

aum

be

rgs

stra

um

a1

Ǫgm

un

dar

drá

pa

Vǫ

lu-S

tein

n95

0 c.

a.

Mím

sm

ína

mé

r 's

*vi

nar

mín

afu

nd

r*Þ

un

dar

*1

Ǫgm

un

dar

drá

pa

Vǫ

lu-S

tein

n95

0 c.

a.

grœ

nn

argr

ǫfn

um

gein

grœ

nn

arm

un

ni

gein

be

ina

2Ǫ

gmu

nd

ard

ráp

aV

ǫlu

-Ste

inn

950

c.a.

jǫrð

orð

ae

nd

rjǫ

rðo

rða

en

dr

sen

di

2Ǫ

gmu

nd

ard

ráp

aV

ǫlu

-Ste

inn

950

c.a.

Compositional Techniques and Perceptions of Authorship in Skaldic Poetry: Alliterative and Hending...

Documents

Transcript of Compositional Techniques and Perceptions of Authorship in Skaldic Poetry: Alliterative and Hending...