COMPlJTERJSATION OF PA TJENT BILLING SYSTEM; A

CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING

II OSPITAL.

BY

USMAN BELLO

(98323037)

...., . ' -.... ' \

' ,.,, . I : . �

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED

TO

UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA

SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES

JN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AW ARD OF

' .

POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA JN COMPUTER SCIENCE.

Sh,P1EMBER, 2000

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project was to develop a package for the Computerization of

patient Billing system for the University ofMaiduguri Teaching Hospital Bon10 State.

The Project also seek to find the opinion of Staff on whether Computerisation of patient

Billing system preferred to the manual system.

Today Computer are used in every aspect of life. Infact it is difficult to think of any

thing that is not helped in one way or the other by computers. Computers arc use in

Government Schools, Business, Research, Engineering, Medicine and Revenue

generation.

Interview and the Hospital Records were used for the study. Staff of the Finance

Department & Audit were interviewed to seek their opinion on the proposed

Computerisation of the patient I3i1ling system and the exist ing manual system. The

data collected from the interview and existing records were analysed. The finding of

the study showed that; Staff of the Hospital preferred Computerising. Bilbng system

as against the manual system because of its effectiveness, accuracy, security, reliability,

speed and law personnel cost.

With computerised billing system all revenue generations & patients records can be

keyed regularly.

Based on the finding it was recommended that the patient Billing system be

Computerised to keep accurate records, improve Revenue base and block leakages.

CERTIFICATION

We certify that this PROJECT REPORT was prepared and presented by Usman Bello

(9832303� of the Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, ·,

University of Abuja and has been approved by the Examiners

?-c; -9 .-:;l.,o o-C} Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F.O Ogunfiditimi

Supervisor

. '2-/tc/� Date ..................................... .

Dr. E.O Oku - Ukpong

Head of Department

l'.J... --l 0 - � Date . . . . . � .............................. .

External Examiner

ii

DEDICATION

· ,

This work is dedicated to my late Father - Mal. U.B. Galadima

t\CKNO\VLEDCl\:IENT ·

1 wish to express rn.y sincere appreciation to my supervisor, ivlr. F.O. Ogunfiditimi,

who despite his m1111crous commilrncnls read lhrough lhc manuscripts patiently and

offered very usefo1 cnhsms.

l\ ,. , ·, 1 • .,-, n ·1 1 rn , 1 , 1"1, d" n r " • Q Ad } ivly grnnmae goes m uean, �cnom or Yosrgraauare �m 1es, noressor NL . ewa e

and ihe fo11mving Staff of the Department of iviathematics, Statistics & Computer

Science; L Okoli, l'vial. l'viohammed A. Barnanga, ivlr. Awosusi, ivial. Hanma U. I owe

them much.

The following brothers, sisters, in-law· and friends deserves my warmest gratitude for .

their inspirations and encouragement during the course of this project; Abubakar U.,

Bris. Bala A. iviadu vVakil, Husseini A., A. Najejo, Umaru U., ivlrs. Uratu H., Gambo

A., Jummai A.

I would also which to express my gratitude lo Dr. E. D. Upkong l lcad Dcparln1111cnl

iviathematics, Statistics & Computer Science.

iviy special gratit11de goes to Professor A.W. Hassan who stimulated my interest for

the course and provided me with the opporhmity to be enrolled .

Lastly to my mother, i say thank you, long life and Allah's Blessing

Also ,;vorthy to acknmvledge here are my class mates, more especially Ivial. ivioh.

Suleiman, A. Barde &Eng. Muazu D.

Ivly special thank goes lo my beloved wifo Dr. Laraba, for her tmflinching support,

love, patience and understanding during the entire duration of the programme

IV

Abstract

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Page

1

11

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lV

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1.1 Background of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 .2 Statement of tl1e problem .... . ...... . . . . . .. . ......... . . ... . . . . ...... . 5

1.3 Objectives of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4 Significance of the study ............................................ .

6

7

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the study ............................... 8

1 .6 Operational Definition of Terms.................................. 8

CHAPTER TWO: THE EXISTING SYSTEM.

2. 1 Analysis of the Existing System . . . . .. . ............ . . . .. ... . . . . .. 10

2.2 Overview of the Existing System................................ 14

2.2.1 Revenue Co11ectors Receipt.. . ... .. . ... . . . .. . .... . . . . .. . .......... .

2.2.2 Main Cashier Receipt

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16

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2.2.3 Reven_ue (�o11ect.ors Casl1 Book

2.2.5 Bank Cash Book (Revolving Account) . .... . . . . . � ........... .

2.2.6 Ivlain Cashier Ana1ysis Book .................................... . .

[v'lerit and <len1erit of manua1 systems ........................ .

·1 '"7 1 I

l9

..._, ..... LV

2. 3 . 1 ivJ e1i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.3.2 Demerit .. . .. . .... . ............ . .... ......................................... 22

2�4 r-s. ., � ,-:. J"). "1 ., l.'-.esearcn ;vremoao1ogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,.._,.. LJ

CHAl')TER 1 lIREE: SYSTEIVi ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.

"' 't ;:,,,s't · l ·u-" s· ?o,.. _) . u J. en c ·1gn . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . _

3 .2 Proposed System .. .. . .. . ..... .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. ... .... 27

3 .3 Database Files Used (DBF)......... ... . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. 28

3 .4 Process of the Designed System . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . 31

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEl\tI Il\tlPLEl\riENTATION & TESTING.

A } 4. 1 '). "lit.. K "fo f_ rrogram JVtomues

4.2 '"' t D t . ·

_ ;:,ys em ocmnen anon ....................................... .

4 .•. 3 .,... , T� ' d D l 'd' 1 esr 1\.unnmg an . cm1a. mg ................................. .

4.4 System Securit)iBlackup ...................................... .

33

34

38

39

CHAPTEn FiVE: SU1\fi,JARY, REC01\fi\1ENDA TION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary of Findings 40

VI

5.2 Recommendations 40

5.3 Conclusions 42

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

� a· Appen ices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi/

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Health is a complete state of mental, physical and social well being and not merely the

absence of disease or infmnity. The importance of health as a social service to the

individuals, the commtmity, the state, the nation and the world can not be

overemphasized. This importance is underscored by the fact that, in the Nigerian case,

social policy statements articulated in the 1979 and the 1989 constitutions of Federal

Republic of Nigeria address the importance of health.

The state of the health of a people has profound effects on all aspects of a population's

life; such as standard of living, workers productivity etc.

All these fall under the umbrella of development with items such as life expectancy,,

infant mortality, literacy, per capita GNP among others as indicators.

Health is wea1th and it is the foundation upon which other activities take place. If

appropriate and qualitative health care services are provide to the citizenry, then, the

country stands a better a chances of development in all other sectors of the economy.

But if the quality of the services provided is poor, then the society can not maintain the

desired level of development. The Federal Government realizing health has an

'

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instTurnent ofNationa1 Deve1opment, In 1989 approved the National Health policy for

achieving health for all Nigerians which was launched in 1989. Federal and State

Goven1ments in recent years made substantial budgetary allocation to the health sectors

but there has continued to be the problem of insufficient fund to the sector to delivery

optimum services. Therefore, there is the need to intensify effort in internal revenue

generations.

�TRITrTPnF. OF ITNIVFRSIT�l OF 1'1/L\Innc;nRJ TEACHING HOSPITAL

The functions of a Teaching Hospital is to provide primary and tertiary medical care

as well as facilitate training of medical, paran1edical and nursing students and carry out

research for development of medical education. A Teaching Hospital is expected to

provide the best and indeed the ultimate in medical care.

It is looked up as the last port of call and last hope of acute ill patients.

It is in line with the above University Teaching Hospitals were established in Nigeria.

University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital is one out of twelve Teaching Hospital

established in the country. It is also one of the four designated centres of excellence in

Nigeria, which specialized on Immunology and Infection diseases. University of

Maiduguri Teaching was established in 1982 with a catclunent area comprising of

i\damawa, Bauchi, Bomo, Taraba and Y obe States having a total population of about

2

14 million (Legacy, 1990). The major objectives of setting-University ofMaiduguri

Teaching Hospital is to serve as a referral centre for other hospitals and clinics, provide

teaching facilities for medical students and training of post graduate Doctors in

collaboration with University of Maiduguri and to conduct research in the field of

medicine. It is also serve as a referral centre for neighbouring countries like Niger,

Cameroun and Chad.

University of Maiduguri Hospital has five hundred and thirty beds (530) with the

following departments; Medicine, Surgery, Obstentics and Gynaecolot,>y, Paediatics,

Haematology and 131ood Transfusion, Microbiology, Chemical Patholot,>y, Immunolot,>y,

Physiotheraphy, Phannacy, Medical Record, Finance, Administration, Engineering and

Catering.

In addition, the Hospital has six wards consisting of medical, surgical, paediatric,

Obstetric and GynaecolOb,'Y and Aminity ward. It also has in its fields the Kidney

Centre, two comprehensive health centres, School of Nursing and School of Medical

records. All these obviously create a financial burden on the hospital.

University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital as the only teaching hospital in the North

East sub region, it receives patronage from far and near. Since its establishment in

1982, the number of patients patronizing the hospital is on the increase, without

corresponding increase on funding.

3

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The Teaching Hospital has a staff strength of Two thousand five hundred and eighty

five (2,585) comprising of forty eight ( 48) consultants, eighty - eight (88) medical

officers, twenty - two (22) phannacist, four (4) dentists, three hundred and fifty two

nurses, two hundred and twenty one (221 )hospital attendants, one hundred and fifty

(152) technicians and one thousand and three hundred and sixty (1,360) others.

Huge ammmt of money is needed to maintain and retain these professionals. Federal

Government total capital and cmrent expenditure on health for the years 1980, 1981,

and 1982 were H360.6 million, H415.9 million, and H269 respectively. These

representing 0.82, 0.94 and 0.57 percent of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) for the

years respectively (FMOH, 1988). These figures are far below WHO (World Health

Organization) recommendation of five percent (5%) of total GDP of any country be

devoted to health.

The effective running of any health institution required sufficient amount of money to

meet its obligation. The insufficient financial support to these health institutions is

aggrevated by astronomical rising cost of resources for provision of health care. The

Nigerian health care institutions are under funded. They are provided with less than

minimum fund required for running the institutions effectively. Most of the tertiary

health institutions only managed to pay their staff salary and left with little or nothing

for other activities.

4

1.2 �T .'\ TE!\!IENT OF THE PROBLEM

One of the critical need today in the Nigerian health care sector is achieving health for

all Nigerians so that everybody can live and contribute to socio-economic development

of the country. However, a lot of factors have and are still impeding the realisation of

these laudable objectives. Some Nigerians have attributed the declining quality of

health care to the health professionals and health administrators. But these

professjonals constitute only one of the mtmerous resources inputs for health care

delivery. Research findings and observations have indicated that the followings are

some of the problems facing health sector. These are lack of adequate planning at the

national level, lack of adequate number of trained health power of various mix, lack of

political wi11 on part of the govenunent, poor medical curriculum, lack of adequate

funding, etc. Fund is enabling resources, without which adequate nwnber of medical

personnel, infrastructures, and facilities cannot be obtained. Research and training is

also not possible without adequate funding. Given the report of inadequate funding of

the health sector in Nigeria and University Teaching Hospitals in particular, this study

is aimed at identifying the effective method that will enhance the internally generated

revenue of the hospital through computerisation of the patient billing system ..

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1 _3 r;.p !ECTIVES OF THE STUDY

It has been observed in the preceeding discussions that the Nigerian Teaching Hospitals

are saddled with the problem of underfunding resulting from global economic recess

which left Government with little money to share among the competing sectors. This

study therefore aimed at identifying the most effective way of improving the revenue

base of the Hospital by ensuring that revenue accruing to the Hospital is collected

promptly and accow1ted for. The objectives of this study therefore includes:-

(1) Determine the convenient way by which automation of the patient billing system

will improve the revenue generation of the Hospital.

(2) Detennine the adequacy and suitability of staff, and facilities at the University

of Maduiguri Teaching Hospital for computerisation of Patient Billing System.

(3) Educate Management and Staff on the important of automation as it relate to

data collection processing, storage and retrieval of infonnation on Patient Billing

system for effective generation of revenue.

(4) Provide easy accessing to patient records and revenue accn1ing.

( 5) Determine the easiest way to coordinate the activities at the Billing Office, the

revenue points and service centres.

(6) Reduce the errors committed or fraud during revenue collection to the nearest "'

mnmnum.

6

(7) Reduce money spend on the renumeration of the revenue officers.

(8) Make recommendation based on the findings of the study

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In recent years, public awareness in terms of right to health care and the need for

quality services has increased. As a result, public outcry is on the increase over the

conditions of our hospitals and quality of the care provided. Our Teaching Hospitals

have become mere consulting clinics.

For a Teaching Hospital to provide quality health care, it must have money to executive

its plans .. It is believe that the automation of Patient Billing System will improve the

revenue base of the hospital and ultimately the quality of Health Services provided.

A study of this kind will have enormous relevance because the result will provide

infonnation on the financial situation of the University ofMaiduguri Teaching Hospital

revenue generation derive by computerisation of its Billing System. It will also provide

information on how to detect and prevent fraud by Billing Officers. The result of this

study will therefore be of immense value to the Teaching Hospitals Budget Planners,

Federal Ministry of Health, Private Health Care Providers, National and International

Non- Governmental Organisations and State Governments.

7

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the computerisation on the Patient Billing System:- A Case-study

of the University ofMaiduguri Teaching Hospital, Bomo State.

Due to constraint of time and other necessary resources, this study covered only the

automation of Patient Billing System in the finance Department. The scope of this

study is to identify the problems and functions that are associated with manual system

of patient billing, draw a valid conclusion and proper solutions. The findings of this

study would enhance information storage and retrieval. This findings could be

generalised to other Teaching Hospitals in the Country, since they all operate Patient

Billing System.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS:

BUDGET Estimates of probable future income and expenditure to the

Hospital.

AUDITOR Person who audit, check or examine account books.

BILLING To charge Patients for services rendered.

PATIENT A person who is sick and seeking medical attention.

COMPUTER ls an electronic device which accept data in one fonn and

processes it to produce data in another form called

I11:f ()rmati()n.

8

PROGRAM

DATA

INFORMATION -

DATABASE

Is a set of instructions that is written in the Language of the

Computer.

A collection of basic facts.

When data is converted into a more useful or intelligence

form.

A composition ofhomogenous information or a collection of

cross reference files -A Library of facts and statistics stored - .

. , .. .

in a computer from which information needed can be-'

retrieved.

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CHAPTER TWO

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Health care systems in Nigeria are beset by the problems of resource deficiency, which

have resu1ting impact on health. Such consequences are mortality and morbility of all

types (UNJCEF, 1988). World Health Organisation budgetary targets are not met,

while external aid is on the continuous decline. For the little resources allocated to the

health sector, divergence between capital and recurrent, rural and urban, curative and

preventive have succeeded in worsening the situation in the health sector.

Today Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria face one financial crisis after another. The

provision of fm1d to them poses serious hardship to the government. The allocations

of grants by government to carry out programmes, which have already been planned,

are almost always insufficient. This leads the hospitals adjusting their estimated budget

to meet some of their recurrent expenditures such as staff salaries and wages. It is only

after these that capital expenditure such as health facilities; services and infrastn1ctures

are considered with the remaining fimd, if any.

Financial provision to the health sector establishes the limit within which it must

operate. It also determines whether or not certain decisions may be made about the

quality and quantity of health facilities to be provided.

10

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Money is a crucial input for any system, be it health or education. It provides the

essential purchasing power with which health acquires it hmnan and material inputs.

Since the perfonnance of any organization depends on the availability of money to

executives its programs/projects. There is the need to intensify efforts to generate more

revenue internally to augment dwelling government subvention.

The health sector is faced with limited financial resources to satisfy unlimited wants.

Lourie (1987) submits that in third world nations, there is a great disparity between

demands for fw1d and the states ability to provide them. The economic crisis of the

l 980's led to cuts in both government and household expenditure on health in the third

world nations (Kodjo and Guy, 1992).

In most cotmtries of the third world, there are shortages of health resources, and this

situation is made worse by faulty utilization of the few that exist (Nimo, 1981). He

fiuther added that money is needed for the financial of the various progranunes m1der

the health services. lt 1s also needed for the training and remuneration of health

personnel as well as for the initial provision of material resources and their replacement

with them.

1 1

111e financing of tertiary hea1th institutions comes mainly through the Federal Ministry

· · of HeaHh on annual budget. This constitutes about 90% of

-.

the total revenue of the institutions. 111e remaining 10% is internally generated through

charges and hospital fees.

The global economic recession diminishes fund available to the government and this

means diminishing government grants and subvention to all sectors of the economic

including health. Therefore, less money will be available for the promotion and

services of the health facilities that ought to facilities health care delivery.

= The only option available i s for the Health Institution to device a method to generate

more revenue to sustain their services. It is pertinent therefore, to make sure that all

revenue collected are receipted, leakages blocked and fraud prevented or reduced to

the barest minimum. This could only be achieved through the computerization of the

revenue collection system.

The establishment of a computerized Patient Billing System is necessary for good

health planning and management process. In the process of establishing the system

there could be bottleneck, organizational conflict, lack of personnel capability etc.

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Record keeping over a long period of time is very tedious and ·difficult to maintain and

manage. This situation is further worsening by retention of irrelevant records, that is

records that cannot be referred to. This ugly situation is what is presently facing most

organization. Their greatest headache is how to manage this large volume of data. The

result is a glaring and a visible laxity which management is quick to blame on record

manages.

Computerization is therefore very important as a means of keeping and maintaining

records in the present dynamic society (Aniefolly. Y, 1996). The existing Billing

System in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital whose goals and objective

are revenue collection, book/record keeping and proper accountability has been in

existence since the establislunent of the Hospital in 1983. The present system in use

is the manual system. A thorough investigation and analysis of the manual system was

conducted in order to interact with tl1e staff with a view to comprehend the working

operations, and capabilities of the 1 system.

The main purpose of study is to assess the present system with the view of identifying

some of the visible problems of the manual system of Patient Billing. The identified

problems will enable the researcher to design a simple computer base solution that will

eliminate completely and or reduces to the barest minimrnn, the problems arising from

the exiting manual system.

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2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

. ·-The University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Billing Office is charged with the

.

responsibility of collection of all the monies meant for the hospital from patients who

come for treatment. The Bi11ing office is the first point of can of the patient. It is here

they are charged for the folders, Bed, etc

A Teaching Hospital is a service organization whose input is human being and whose

output is processed human being. For effective revenue generation, collation, lodgments

and accountability, the Hospital is operating a Revolving Fund System for each of the

fo11owing service points:

Drng Revolving Fund (DRF)

Laboratory Revolving Funds (HPRF, CPRF, IMRF, MBRF)

Catering Revolving Fund (CRF)

Radiology Revolving Fund (RRF)

Surt,Yical Revolving Fund (SRF)

Retainer ship·

C. T. Scan

Dental Surgery Revolving Fund (DSRF)

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General Hospital Fees (Tender, School fees, Ret,ristration, Bank Interest etc)

Amenity

Revolving system is a system where monies generated from each service point/ tmit/

department is lodged in that service account and money is drawn from that account to

replenish the stock. This system makes money to revolve around and allow the

department to make marginal profit and sustain the running of the system. It is

therefore a cash operating cycle. The system encourages each department to work

hard towards boosting its revenue base, as indices will show which department is most

efficient.

The Billing office runs 24hours service with morning, afternoon and night shifts. The

first contact of the patient is the Billing office where the revenue collector receives

money paid for the service to be rendered. Such as bed deposit, folders, Lab test etc.

The revenue collectors, cashiers and accountants use the following books for revenue

collections.

i) Revenue collector's cash

ii) Daily cash/Book analysis book

iii) Bank cash book (for Revolving Fm1ds accounts)

iv) Main cashier cash book

Also used are: -

I Revenue collection receipt.

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i i Main cashier receipt.

Each of the Dept: Amenity, Retainer ship, Radiology & the Laboratories have

different prescription fonns. For the laboratories, the requests for laboratory

services are done on the lab fonn, which are, distinguish by their colors. For

example:

Hematology - Red

MicrobiolOb'Y - Green

Radiology - Yellow

Chemical pathology - White

Let us look at the books one after the other.

1.1.1 REVENUE COLLECTORS RECEIPT

The revenue collectors use revenue collectors' receipts . All monies collected by

them from patients are receipted and entered in the revenue collectors' cashbook

for onward remittance to the main cashier. The receipt has three copies

Original Copy

Duplicate Copy

Triplicate Copy

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The original copy is the patient copy. The duplicate copy goes to the service

departments, which enable the service to be rendered, and the triplicate copy remains

· ._ in the receipt booklet and is crosschecked by the main cashier and the Internal Auditors -

4.0. l MAIN CASHIER RECEIPT

All monies collected by the revenue collectors are entered into the revenue

collectors' cashbook are submitted to the main cashier. The triplicate receipt

copy is checked and ticked against cashbook of the revenue collector and

verified by the main cashier.

After the verification, the money is collected and the main cashier issue receipt

to the revenue collector as he submits the money. This shows that he agrees with

the amount receipted. The main cashier's receipt is subsequently used and

posted into the main cashbook/analysis cashbook on daily basis

REVENUE COLLECTOR CASH BOOK

The revenue collectors for every revolving fund maintain the revenue collector's

cashbook.

The cashbook is ruled into columns such as date, patients name, receipt number,

and amotmt paid. All monies collected at each shift by the revenue collector are

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entered into the book at the end of each shift. It therefore follows that in every

day, there should be three shifts indicated i.e. morning, afternoon and night shift

respectively.

TI1e revenue collector's receipt, which is the source doclllilent, is entered into the

revenue collector's cashbook and submitted to the main cashier at the end of

each shift.

4.0.2 DAILY CASH/BANK ANALYSIS CASH BOOK

The daily cash/book analysis cashbook is the book where all collections in

departmental columns are posted. It has column for date, revenue collector's

name, main-cashier receipt number, cash column, and Bank cohunns for

lodgment of money collected.

It is the Principal book of account where the activities of the revenue generated

are posted to give insight of revenue profile. It identifies area of lapses if

carefulJy examined and the department generating higher revenue is equally

identified. From here daily & monthly summaries can be made to detennine the

performance of each Revolving fimd. It therefore serves as a book of control in

the areas of revenue generation and control.

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. ... .

month they are expected to submit their revenue profile to the Revenue

Monitoring Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Medical Director.

4.0.4 MAIN CASHIERS ANALYSIS BOOK

This is the book where the main cashier enters all collections done on daily

basis. The main cashiers receipt number is indicated against each revenue

collector's name with the money remitted by him. The analysis book enables the

cash at hand to be known at a glance. The collection as analyzed is carried

forward on a daily basis to actually give what is at hand. If money is banked, it

therefore reduced the cash at hand and the balance in the safe is know.

Subsequent generations are balanced on continues daily basis and added to the

brought forward balance

4.1 MERIT AND DEMERITS OF THE MANUAL SYSTEM OF PATIENT

BILLING.

Presently patients are bill manually. Payments are made at the billing office and

the various pay points of the evolving funds. The original receipt is given to the

patient while the duplicate is return to the main cashier.

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Patients are charge for all the services rendered to them. Such services are: X-ray,

C.T.Scan, Ante natal, physiotherapy, laboratory tests, ect.

Each Department has comprehensive list of all services rendered and the cost for

each service to be provided. Charges are review from time to time. The

management gives approval for the increase after its received submission from the

departments.

The manual method of patient Billing system has both advantages and

disadvantages

2.3.1 MERITS

1. Patients are given the original receipt. This gives them a proof to what

they have paid for hence a possibility to claim refunds m their

organization.

II. Service Depts. are aware of what they made as for each day and each

month. This is possible through the duplicate receipts, which are given to

them before a service is rendered.

m. Reconciliation is easy between the Dept. Revolving fund and the main

revenue unit. This is because of the duplicate receipt that goes to the

concern Dept and the triplicate that is recorded in the revenue cashbook.

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IV. Easy identification of fraudulent acts. Whenever a forgery is made,

through reconciliation of duplicate receipts and triplicate receipts, area of

forgery are easily detected and corrected.

v. Easy understanding to a layman. Manual system does not involve much

technicality and is therefore more open and understandable to a layman.

2.3 .2 DEMERITS

· The demerits of the revenue co11ection system are as follows:

1. Forgery:

Revenue collectors can easily forge separate receipts on their own to be

kept aside for issuance on fraud issues. This adversely affects the revenue

base. Also, N l 000 .00 receipt could be forged as N l 00.00 by

displacement of a Carbon paper on the triplicate receipt. ·

1 1 . Retrieval :

It makes retrieval o f infonnation difficult and cumbersome. For retrieval

of some information about a particular receipt, there is no easy access to

the piled-up used receipt. It may take days before getting access to the

receipt in questions. Unlike computerized system, a file munber could be

given to each job to make retrieval easy by keeping the file number and

the information produced.

22

. -

. ·

m. Storage

Storage of both used and unused receipts is space consuming and as well

exposed to the risk of being bunt by fire. In computer system, information

could be easily stored in a diskette .

iv. Fraud:

v.

Fraud is more pronmmced in manual system than in the computerized

system. In manual system, many revenue collectors are involved to cover­

up 24 hours service.

Hence every revenue collector may wish to have his own share.

Cost:

Cost in terms of salary and wages and staff welfare are high since there

are more hands employed to do the job.

VI Wastage:

Capital resources are wasted through continuous printing of revenue

receipt booklets.

23

. ' .

. .

Vil.

Vlll.

Mix-up

There is usually the problem of mix-up of cost centers and cost units in

the system. Revenue staff who are not vast in accounting knowledge may

mix-up heads and sub-heads thereby creating a problem of undertaking or

over-valuing generation of service points .

In computerized system however, the programme can be design in such

a way that such errors can be rejected thereby increasing efficiency.

Time Consuming:

Nonnal system involves too much time spending than electronic system.

As it is genera11y believed time is money and therefore it needs to be

properly managed.

1x. Auditing Procedures:

The auditing procedure of a revenue unit operating manually is very

cwnbersome. Staffs are nonnally not interested in this aspect of the job,

thereby giving rooms to fraud and forf,>iveness.

24

. •. 2.4

.:

Methodology

This project was under taken in order to designed and develops a package for

the computerization of the patient billing system for the University of

Maiduguri Teaching Hospital . lnformation from Hospital records and

personal interview were used to co1Ject data for the study. The interview was

designed to seek the interviewees' opinions on the existing manual system

and the requirement of any planned replacement. The researcher interviewed

the staff of Finance and Audit Departments wish served as the basis for the

design of the new system .

25

- . .

< .. .

:

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 THE DESIGN

The design effort involves making decisions about each of the integral part of the

output, data processing and procedures that link input and output. The output will be

the result of the new system. The main purpose of the design system is to produce

a system that meets the required specification of the proposed system. The designed

system was divided into file organisation and process.Bellow are some of the factors

that were considered in chosen Database management system (DBMS):

1 . To ensure the production of reliable information.

2. To save programming time since database management system handles the

construction of files and the retrieval of data.

3 . To ensure that there are no duplication of data.

4 . To ensure that integrated system i s facilitated.

5 . The amount of input preparation needed i s minimised for easier principles .

The database management system is a very powerful tool that is designed to manage

information efficiently. This is because of its powerful features. Bellow are some

of the features :

a. Database information: This feature enables the user to create structures of

2 6

. ·­.

-.

:

--

database. The fields for each record is identified and defined by naming each

field, by indicating each field length, and by establishing the types of data to

be stored in each field.

b. Data independence: This means that a pay point of data is stored, it is for

own sake and not for a specific use. Thus, the use of data is generalised and

is independent of the programme which use it.

c. Flexibility: This means that data can be accessed in many different ways, and

for many different purposes.

d. It is user friendly:Dbase4 has facilities for the user to query language in

processing information stored .

e. Report Generation: This feature enables the user to print data in a useful

; manner.

3 .2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The logical procedure for daily function of the computerised system is that computer

based system approach in Dbase4 program will be designed and coded as

management information system(MIS) for easy access, retrieval and dissemination

of infonnation in the account unit of university of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital,

Borno state.

The computerised system will enhance efficiently through speed storage and

retrieval of information discovered slow by researcher with the manual system

2 7

. -k

:

approach. The computerization of the Billing system will have provision where by

processing of data will no longer be done by manual operation, but instead, will be

handled automatica11y with enhanced accuracy and less tediousness of task.

In summary the automated system will be restricted for updating the main cashiers

book of account, and other things should continue as they are.

3 .3 DATABASE FILE USED(DBF).

The database file used in the designed system is master file. And database files are:

a. Security DBF.

b . Patients DBF.

c. Billing DBF.

3.3 . 1 MASTER DATABASE FILE:

This is the master file of the patient Billing system consisting of the pennanent

infonnation of the entire unit. The data structure of the file is described as follows:

2 8

. .... ..

:

NO FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE WIDTH DEC

1 NAME CHAR 1 5

2 H-NO NUMERIC 7 0

3 DATE DATE 8

4 DA DATE 8

5 DD DATE 8

6 DESC CHAR 1 5

7 TOTAL NUMERIC 7 0

8 AMOUNT NUMERIC 1 0 0

9 pp CHAR 5

1 0 MO CHAR 5

1 1 IO CHAR 5

12 MNO CHAR 5

13 SE CHAR 5

14 SB CHAR 5

15 FOR CHAR 1 5

1 6 NS CHAR 1 5

1 7 CODE NUMERIC 5 0

1 . NAME: This is the field that stored the name of the patient.

INDEX

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

2. N_ NO: This is the field that stored the hospital number. Each patient coming

to the hospital is given a number.

2 9

- --

3 .

4.

5.

6.

7.

DATE: This is the field that stored date.

DA: This is the field that stored date of admission into the Hospital.

DD: This i s the field that stored date of discharge.

DESC: This is the field that describes the service point.

TOT AL: This i s the field that records the total number of money collected

from patients. :

8 . AMOUNT: This i s the field that records the total number of amount of money

collected in figures.

9. PP: This is the field that records patient pay point.

1 0. MO: This is the field that stored the name of major operation.

1 1 . IO: This is the field that stored the name of intermediate operation.

'.: 1 2 . MNO: This i s the field that stored the name of minor operation.

13. SE: This the field that stored name of surgical extraction.

1 4 . SB: This i s the field that stored name of surgical biopsy.

1 5 . FOR: This is the field that stored the record of the financial officer remarks .

16. NS: This i s the field that stores the nature and the type of sickness of the

patient.

1 7 . CODE: This is the field name that store service or pay point code of the

patient.

3 0

� -

3.4 PROCESSES OF THE DESIGNED SYSTEM

The designed system consist of six process as described below and these are

incorporated in the main menu program and are as follows:

a. Data entry

b. Major services

c. Patient discharge

d. Report

e. Deletion

f. Exit

3.4 . 1 DATA ENTRY

This is the module that gives the particulars of the patient and the respective charges

in a chronological order.

3.4.2 MAJOR SERVICES

This is the module that states the major services and their charges in the Hospital

being issued to the patient on arrival.

3.4.3 PATIENT DISCHARGE

This is the module that specified the discharged form issued to the patient by the

finance department of the Teaching Hospital after the final clearance by the finance

office.

3 1

3 .4.4 REPORT

. -- This process is used for producing report of the patient Billing system on the hard

-. copy.

3.4. 5 DELETION

!': . . ... This is used to delete unwanted records needed to be deleted from the system.

3 .4.6 EXIT

This is the process that is used to return the user to the control centre and dos

. prompt, which signifies the end of the system.

SINO ITEM-CO DE R-NO DESCRlPTION RECEIVER AMOUNT TOTAL

1 00 1 224 Theatre Musa A 5000.00 5000.0

2 002 225 Dental Bala H. 4000.00 4000. 0

NB: There is only one data file where all the records are kept.

3 2

"-'

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�.

SYSTEM FLOW CHART

MAIN MENU

CHAPTER FOUR

. �- IMPLEMENTATION AND DOCUMENTATION

. ,_

This chapter discusses the architecture of the patient Billing system package.

The programme is made to be called up from Dbase4 which is the language used in

implementing the system.

The purpose of choosing Dbase4 is due to its capabilities in database management,it is

flexible and it is a powerful facility that allows modular programming whereby independent

functions are programmed separately and then called as required from a menu system.

4 . 1 PROGRAM MODULES

This system is implemented in such a way that it is menu driven.It consist of the following

� modules. �

1 . Data entry program

2. Main Menu prOf:,1fam

3 . Patient Discharged program

4. Report program

5 . Delete program

6 . Security program

3 3

. '-

1 . DATA ENTRY PROGRAM

This is the program that states various charges of services in the hospital and patients

particulars .

2. MAIN MENU PROGRAM

This is the program that drives the user around the various procedures in the designed

system.

3. PATIENT DISCHARGED PROGRAM

This the program module that gives patient medical history, his bio-data and the total

chargeable record, before final discharge from the hospital.

4 . REPORT PROGRAM

This is the program module that gives report of the patient Billing system.

5 . DELETE PROGRAM

This is the program module that is designed to remove any unwanted record.

6. SECURITY PROGRAM

This is the program that grant access to the user and prevent unauthorised user from using

the system.

4.2 DOCUMENTATION

One of the most important step in system development is the completion of the

documentation . It is pertinent to mention here that in program development, it is very

important to document all the aspect of program including the operational procedures

3 4

. .. .

of newly designed system for easy operation.

There are six modules in the designed system. The program is menu driven from the type

"Do pass"and press enter or return key. Programme module "Do pass" grants access to

the users of the system. The password module is responsible for preventing the main

screen as a whole, but it is also considered to be a 'security program' since before

displaying the main menu the user is expected to type the right password.

On displaying the main menu of the patient Billing system, the modules are executed by

activating a choice from the main menu by selecting an alphabet for each of the menu

line corresponding to the user choice of function.

� On the main menu, there are six options which can be selected based on the choice of

the user at any particular instance. We can now discuss each program module as it

would appear on the patient Billing system package starting from the Data entry module.

MAIN MENU

1. DATAENT RY [A]

2. MAJOR SERVICES [B]

3. PATIENT DISCHARGED RECOR D [ c]

� 4. REPORT [ D ]

5. DELETION [E] .,,

6. EXIT [F]

35

-- 4.2.1 DATA ENTRY

· :: This is the first option on the main menu. This option allows user to view the treatment

assessment been rendered by the university teaching Hospital.

- . When this option is selected by pressing letter 'A' the user is asked to enter his/her the

required data needed by the program. on completion the statement "Do you want to

continue [y/n]" appears on the screen. If 'y' is pressed the program start from the

beginning and if 'n' is pressed the program returns to the main menu screen.

4.2.2 MAJOR SERVICES

This is the second option on the main menu. This is used in recording major services

and their respective charges in the university Teaching Hospital.

When this option is selected by pressing letter 'B',it displays the major services screen,

the user then enter the required data needed by the program. The statement "Do you

want to continue [y/n]" appear on the screen signifying the end of the program running.

If 'y' is pressed the prO!:,>Tam start from the beginning and if 'n' is pressed the program

returns to the main menu.

36

. --

. ,_

4.2.3 PATIENT DISCHARGED RECORD

This is the next option on the main menu. This allow user to make necessary entry into

the pafj�p.t discharged form .

When this option is selected by pressing letter 'C',the program screen appear, the user

is rc:quir�d to make necessary input of the needed data. The statement "Do you want to

�tinue [y/n]"terminates the program running. If 'y' is pressed the nmning of the

program start again and if 'n' is pressed the program returns to the main menu screen.

4.2.4 REPORT

This is the fourth option on the main menu. This options allows user to generate report

of the patient Billing system.

When this option is selected by pressing letter 'D' the program screen appear, the user

then make entry until the statement "Do you want to continue [y/n]"appear on the

screen. If 'y' is pressed the program start from the beginning and if 'n' is pressed the

program returns to the main menu screen.

4.2.5 DELETION

This is the fifth option on the main menu. This option allows user to delete the

unwanted record on the master file.

When this option is selected by pressing letter 'E' the program screen will appear and the

37

. ·.

user the code he/she want to delete on the file. The computer checks if the code exist.

otherwise, it displays every information of the code and asked the user "Do you wish to

delete this pay point" if the user option is yes, it will delete the pay point and tell the user

'pay point is been deleted'. The program running terminates by displaying "Do you want

to continue [yin]" .if 'y' is selected the program start again from beginning and if 'n' is

selected the program returns to the main menu screen.

4.2.6 EXIT

This is the sixth option on the main menu. This option returns user to the control centre

enviromnent by selecting letter 'F' and finalised the execution of the program by quitting.

7 4.3 TEST RUNNING AND DEBUGGING

The aim of testing is to isolate, and correct as many bugs as possible. After the

completion of the new system, a preliminary test running of the program was carried out

in order to ascertain the performance and effectiveness of the new system.

One of the reason for adopting modular programming concept is to allow for easy testing

and debugging of the program. The following steps were used to test the program:

a. Each module was tested soon after completion.

b. Proceeding to the next module after test running the previous one.

c. The test run modules are now combined together to form a composite program.

38

. ..

d. Finally, the overall system was test run using the both the positive and the

negative testing.

The system can now be said to be in a perfect working conditions. The details of the

pro!:,rram listing is shown in the appendix.

4.4 SYSTEM SECURITY

The patient Bi1ling system support one level password, the user password. The user

password regulates access to the system that is definition of new password,

modifications and processing of data in the system.

,. 4.4 BACKUP

� The system has a backup facility which can be activated anytime in the main menu.

39

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARY

A study of this nature demands in-depth investigation and analysis which was

successfu11y carried out before coming up with solutions to the problem.

The first chapter began with introduction and objectives of the study as well as the

method of collecting data.

The second chapter analysed the existing manual method in use and equally pinpointed

some areas of weakness on the system.

The third chapter discuss the logical model design and made a brief description of the

� new system.

The fourth chapter discuss the implementation and documentation of the system.

The fifth chapter been the last chapter discuss the summary, recommendation and

conclusion.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

Office automation is the key factor which can ensure maximum efficiency with relatively

low labour cost. However, there is need for a careful and painstaking detail study before

embarking on an expensive and gigantic project like computerization.

� A thorough planning and appraisal would involve the following:

40

---

:

::

1. Establishing the objectives and setting of goals for the project.

11. Specifying the manpower and resources needed to attain the required goals.

lll. Detennining the main activities and event to attain the required goal; and defining

the proper sequencing of the activities.

All these have to be thoroughly studied and proper controls established to ensure

reliability of results. Moreover, a good audit procedure have to be applied to guarantee

prompt detection and c01rection of errors and to eradicate abuse and fraud as well.

5.2.l STAFF TRAINING

It is important that training of personnel should start-off as soon as implementation is

completed. All personnel detailed to work on the system, therefore will be required to

!'. under go a training on how to work with the newly installed system.

In this process, user guide should be provided to aid in effective training of staff. There

should be operators who will work with the system. A resident programmer may be

needed who will ensure that the system runs within the acceptable standard. He will be

in charge of software maintenance and also make sure that programs are modified or

rewritten if it needed adjustment or modification.

5.2.2 MAINTENANCE

Maintenance is closely related to control, that is ongoing activity that keeps the system

41

=

at the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency.

As the new system is used, there might be needed for added improvements, in other

word, maintenance is directed toward reducing errors and improving the system scope

which include the following activities, change in hardware, software modification and

system controls and security needs.

These improvements are made to prolong the system life cycle. This is because as

computer system continue to advance with increased technology each day there is

urgency to keep within the current and newest concept.

5.3 CONCLUSION

Since Billing system plays a vital role in the day to day running of the finance section

� of the university of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, the use of computer system

application has become inevitable. The patient Billing system being revolving will be

highly enhanced by a computer dissemination.

The revolving nature of the system can only be possible if money is properly collected,

properly recorded, properly accounted and properly remitted. This will lead to

proficiency and productivity.

The manual system has been seen to pose a lot of threat toward the achievement of this

objectives. Forgery, poor storage, difficulty in information retrieval, wastage on

continuous printing of revenue collectors has been identified as problems associated with

42

. ...

=

the manuaJ system of the Patient BiJling System.

Computer package application has therefore place a new dispensation on these

associated problems identified with manual system which will enhance efficiency,

accountability and proficiency.

This project work should not be viewed as a fixed permanent solution but should be

reviewed by management from time to time allow for further improvement as new

technologies are uncovered and more resources are re allotted.

43

. '.'-

;-

- . - .·

- .

REFERENCES

1. Dada Jackson (1 994) Health for all Nigerian, Still a Mirage. The punch 24th

January, 1994

2. David W. (1975) Health in Danga. The Crisis in the National Health Services:

Oxford press, London

3. Federal Republic of Nigeria (1988) National Health Policy to achieve health

for all Nigerian, Lagos

4. George B. Potter (1984) Data Processing: An introduction

George B. Potter Business Publication incorporation, city.

5. Griffith D. (1987) Mary for health a manual for surveys in development

countries. Sandoz Institute, third word series No. 3 (in press)

6. Market A. Etal (1988), Operation management concepts methods and strategies

publisher. New York.

7. March, E.P (1978) the financial of health systems in developed countries.

Social science & medicine No. 11 , 7 - 1 1 .

8. Terry, L. (1997) Management Information Systems Ashford colour press,

comport, Hampshire

9 French C.S (1992) Computer science. Guernsey press Co. Ltd. Guernsey C.L.

10 Peter Bishop (1 987), Introducing information technology, Thomas Nelson and

sons Limited Hong Kong.

11 . University of Mruduri teaching hospital information booklet.

44

[ S�T J MAIN MENU FLOW CHART

!

NO

! YES I

DISPLAY MAIN MENU

I

,� +

YES DO ---=---> PATIENT DATA

i I •

IS YES DO "!: OPTION= B? MAJOR

SERVICES -

._., .

� YES DO

PATIENT D. RECORD

I •

IS YES

� OPTION= D? T

i t

; DO . -·----� DELETE RECORD

i

~

REPORT FLOW CHART

REPORT

MAKE YOUR

ENTRY

DO YOU WANT TO YES __ __,

CONTINUE

! i INO

I -----------•-----------�

( \ I I i RETURN I I I I ! \ } \ . ....__ .. /

\

MAJOR SERVICES FLOW CHART

I

MAJOR

SERVICES

MAKE YOUR

ENTRY

DO YOU WANT TO

CONTINUE?

I I iNO

i /------•------"', .

I I RETURN !

l ) .,_ ./

YES ______ __;

DATA ENTRY FLOW CHART

DATA

ENTRY

ENTER

RECORD

00 YOU WANT TO

CONTINUE?

I NO

( __ _____ ._ ______ "", I l I '

I RETURN

I \ I ' ) '·,_ ,/

******************************************************* *NAME:- PASSWORD. PRO *PURPOSE:-ALLOWS USER TO GAIN ACCES TO THE MAIMENU *DATE:- 30/�/':)..CQb ******************************************************* SET EASCA OFF SET BORDER TO CHR(178) CLEA DO WHILE .T . MPASSWORD =SPACE(5) LOE = 'LEO' @2,15SAY" @3,1 TO 3, 78 COLO RB=/G @5,15 SAY 'R E V E N U E C 0 L L E C T I 0 N U N I T'COLO R+* @4,12 TO 6, 12 DOUB @4 49 TO 6, 49 DOUB @7,18 TO 9, 60 DOUB @8,20 SAY 'ACCESS CONTROL CENTRE'

************PROCEDURE SECURITY*********** @10, 15 TO 16,63 @12, 18 SAY 'ENTER PASSWORD' @12, 34 GET MPASSWORD PICT ' ! ! ! ! ! ' colo ,n/n READ @24, 2 SAY CHR(7) IF MPASSWORD = LEO DO MENU ELSE @18, 20 SAY 'INVAILD PASSWORD ! ! ! I colo r+* @24, 3 SAY CHR(7) @20, 23 SAY 'ACCESS DENIED ! ! ' colo rb+* WAIT clear END IF END DO RETU

Clear *****This programm designs the Main Menu*******

set talk off set clock off set scorebord off

do while .t. @01, 10 say "COMPUTERISATION OF THE REVENUE COLLECTION PACKAGE" colo br+

@02,20 say "UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL" colo gr+ @05,21 to 21,50 panel colo br/gr+ *@06,20 fill to 21,50 colo rb=/b+ @07,33 say I [AJ. COLLECTION OF FORM" @11, 22 say " [B] . EDIT" @13, 22 say " [CJ . ENQUIRY" @15, 22 say "[DJ . DELETE" @17, 22 say " [eJ . REPORT" @19,22 say "[FJ. EXIT" opt="" @23,23 say "MAKE YOUR CHOICE" colo bbr=/rb+ @23,40 get opt mess "make your choice [A-FJ" COLO BR+* read

DO CASE case upper(opt) 'A' do progl loop

·case upper(opt) 'B' do prog4 loop case upper (opt) 'C' do prog2 loop case upper(opt) = 'D' do prog3 loop case upper(opt) = 'E' do treport loop case upper(opt) = 'F' quit ENDCASE enddo

******************************************************** * NAME:- PROG3.PRG *PURPOSE:- USED TO DELETE *DATE:- 28ICJ'l,�o ******************************************************** SET STATUS OFF set safety off set talk off SET DATE TO BRITISH set Scoreboard off CLOSE ALL U USE LEO

*****PROCEDURE DELETE********* DO WH ILE .T. clear @0,2 5 SAY 'UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL' @02,05 TO 20, 60 PANEL @02,25 SAY 'DELETION SCREEN' COLOR w+*IR @04,07 SAY 'CODE NO · '

@05,07 SAY 'RECEIPT NO :' @06, 07 SAY 'DATE . I

@07,06 TO 07,59 @08,07 SAY 1 RECEIVER · '

@09,07 SAY ' DESCRIPTION:' @10,07 SAY I AMOUNT . I

@11,06 TO 11, 59 @13,07 SAY 'TOTAL · 1

STORE 0 TO MCODE, MTOTAL STORE SPACE(20) TO MRECEIVER, DESC STORE CTOD(' II ' ) TO MIDATE

@04,20 GET MCODE READ

IF MCODE = 0 CLOSE ALL CLEAR RETURN

ENDIF

locat for code = meode IF .NOT. FOUND

@22, 10 SAY 'CODE DOES NOT EXIT ! ! ! '

WAIT LOOP END IF

@05,22 SAY R_NO @06,22 SAY DATE @08,22 SAY RECEIVER @09,22 SAY DESC

·@10 I 22 SAY AMOUNT @13,22 SAY amount @21,10 SAY"

�*WAIT 'HIT A KEY TO PROGRESS . . . !

MQ = I '

@21,10 SAY 'DO YOU WANT TO DELETE THIS RECORD ?' @21,46 GET MQ PICT '!I

READ IF MQ = ' Y '

DELETE PACK

WAIT 'RECORD HAS BEEN DELETED ! ! ! ' ELSE LOOP

END IF END DO

*********************************************************** *NAME:- PROG4.PRG

tPURPOSE:- USED TO UPDATE CUSTOMER DATA *DATE:- 08/a9/;J..a:xJ ************ � **********************************************

SET STATUS OFF set safEty off set talk off SET DATE TO BRITISH set scorEboard off CLOSE ALL CLOSE INDEX SELECT 1 USE LEO

*****PROCEDURE UPDATE************

DO WH ILE . T. clear @02,25 SAY'' @02,05 TO 20,60 PANEL @02,25 SAY 'UPDATE SCREEN' COLOR w+*/R @04,07 SAY 'CODE NO · '

@05,07 SAY 'RECEIPT NO :'

@06,07 SAY 'DATE · '

@07,06 TO 7,59 @08,07 SAY 'RECEIVER · '

@09,07 SAY 'DESCRIPTION:' @10,07 SAY 'AMOUNT · '

@11,06 TO 11,59 @13,07 SAY 'TOTAL' STORE 0 TO MCODE,MTOTAL STORE 0 TO MR_NO STORE SPACE(20) TO MRECEIVER,DESC STORE CTOD ( ' I I ' ) TO MDATE

@04,20 GET MCODE READ IF MCODE = 0

CLOSE ALL CLEAR RETURN

END IF

locat for item_code = mCode IF . NOT. FOUND ()

@22,10 SAY 'CORE CODE DOES NOT EXIST ! ! ! '

WAIT LOOP

ENDIF

@05,22 SAY R_NO * @06,22 SAY DATE

@08,22 SAY RECEIVER @09,22 SAY DESC @10,22 SAY AMOUNT @13,22 SAY amount @21, 10 SAY'' MR_NO = R_NO MDATE = DATE

USE *THIS PROGRAMM LIST THE GENERAL BILL RECORD*

SET SCOREBORD OFF SET STAT OFF SET TALK OFF SET COLO TO ,B,RB+ STORE 0 TO MCODE STORE SPACE(25) TO MDESC STORE SPACE(25) TO MAMOUNT CLEAR SET COLO TO G+/R+ ANS= ""

@9,8 TO 11,57 PANEL COLO GBR + @10,10 SAY "ARE YOU READY TO PR INT?(Y/N) "COLO GB+ @10,55 GET ANS COLO R+ READ

IF UPPER (ANS)= "N" CLEAR RETURN

END IF

@10,0 CLEA TO 10,79 @10,10 SAY "IS IT TO PRINT OR SHOW ON THE SCREEN?(P/S) ' COLO RB/N+ @10,57 GET ANS COLO B+ READ

IF UPPER(ANS) = "P" SET PRINTER ON SET DEVICE TO PRINTER SET ALTE TO PRINTER

EnDIF

CLEAR ROW = 10 @4,20 SAY "UN IVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL" @5,20 SAY REPLICATE(CHR(042) ,30) @6,26 SAY "MAIDUGURI " @7,20 SAY "REPORT OF GENERAL COLLECTORS"

@9, 2 SAY ircoDE NO." @9,15 SAY "DESC" @9,29 SAY "AMOUNT" @9,43 SAY "TOTAL" count all to p for code <=pharmacy

if p=O @22,10 say " sorry no paypoint collected" @24,10 say "press any key to progress" wait "" re tu

endif

GO TOP DO WHILE .�OT. EOF()

if amount = mpharmacy @ROW, 1 SAY CODE

@ROW, 15 SAY DESC @ROW, 25 SAY AMOUNT @ROW, 39 SAY AMOUNT

ROW = ROW + 1 SKIP

IF ROW > = 20 WAIT @10,0 CLEAR ROW = 10

END IF endif END DO SET PRINTER OFF SET DEVICE TO SCREEN SET ALTE TO USE WAIT RETU

-

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USE LEO *THIS PROGRAM LIST THE GENERAL BILL RECORD*

SET SCOREBOARD OFF SET STAT OFF SET TALK OFF SET COLO TO B,RB+

STORE 0 TO MCODE STORE SPACE(25) TO MDESC STORE SPACE(25) TO MAMOUNT CLEAR SET COLO TO G+/R+ ANS = "" @9,8 TO 11,57 PANEL COLO GBR+ @10,10 SAY "ARE YOU READY TO PRINT?(Y/N) " COLO GB+ 10,55 GET ANS COLO R+ READ IF UPPER (ANS) = "N"

CLEAR RETURN

ENDIF

@10,0 CLEA TO 10,79 @10,10 SAY "IS IT TO PRINT OR SHOW ON THE SCREEN?(P/S) " COLO RB/N+ @10,57 GET ANS COLIO B+ READ

IF UPPER (ANS) = "P" SET PRINTER ON SET DEVICE TO PRINTER SET ALTE TO PRINTER

END IF

CLEAR ROW

@4,20 @5,20 @6,26 @7,20

TOP

10 SAY SAY SAY SAY

"UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL" REPLICATE(CHR(042) ,30) "MAIDUGURI II

"REPORT OF GENERAL COLLECTORS"

@9,2 SAY "CODE NO." @9,15 SAY "DESC" @9,29 SAY "AMOUNT" @9,43 SAY "TOTAL" DO WHILE . NOT. EOF() @ROW, 1 SAY CODE @ROW, 15 SAY DESC @ROW, 25 SAY AMOUNT @ROW, 39 SAY AMOUNT

_-..... ROW = ROW +l

....

SKIP IF ROW > =20

WAIT @10,0 CLEAR ROW 10

END IF END DO SET PRINTER OFF

....

SET DEVICE TO SCREEN SET ALTE TO USE WAIT RETU

MRECEIVER = RECEIVER MDESC = DESC MAMOUNT = AMOUNT MTOTAL = TOTAL @05,22 GET R_NO @06,22 GET DATE @08,22 GET RECEIVER @09,22 GET DESC @10,22 GET AMOUNT @13,22 GET TOTAL read

SELECT 1 APPEND BLANK REPLA R_NO WITH MR_NO REPLA DATE WITH MDATE REPLA RECEIVER WITH MRECEIVER REPLA DESC WITH MDESC REPLA AMOUNT WITH MAMOUNT REPLA TOTAL WITH MTOTAL

END DO

)ET STAT OFF JET TALK OFF JET COLO TO B,RB+ 3TORE 0 TO MCODE 3TORE SPACE (25) TO MDESC STORE SPACE (25) TO AMMOUNT :LEA SET COLO TO G+/R+ ANS= ' '

@9,8 TO 11,57 PANEL COLO GBR+ @10,10 SAY 'ARE YOU READY TO PRINT[Y/N] 'COLO GB+ @10,15 GET ANS COLO R+ READ IF UPPER (ANS)='N' CLEA RETURN END IF @10,0 CLEA TO 10,79 @10,10 SAY 'IS IT TO PRINT OR SHOW ON THE SCREEN?[P/S] 'COLO RB/N+ @10,57 GET ANS COLO B + READ IF UPPER(ANS)='P' SET PRINTER ON SET DEVICE TO PRINTER ENDIF CLEA ROW=lO @4,20 SAY 'UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL' @5,20 SAY REPLICATE(CHR(42) ,30) @6,26 SAY 'MAIDUGURI BORNO STATE' @7,20 SAY 'REPORT OF GENERAL COLLECTIONS' �9,20 SAY 'CODE NO.'

·@9 I 25 SAY 'DESC' @9,30 SAY 'AMMOUNT' @9,40 SAY 'TOTAL' COUNT ALL TO P FOR CODE<=PHARMACY IF P=O @22,10 SAY 'SORRY NO PAYPOINT COLLECTED' @24,10 SAY 'PRESS ANY KEY TO PROGRESS' WAIT RETURN END IF GO TOP DO WHILE .T.NOT.EOF() IF AMMOUNT=MPHARMACY @ROW,1 SAY 'CODE' @ROW,15 SAY 'DESC' ROW,39 SAY 'AMMOUNT' ROW=ROW+l SKIP IF ROW>=20 WAIT

. @10,0 CLEA ROW=lO

�ENDIF END IF END DO

*****THIS PROGRAM LIST THE REVENUE COLLECTED***

*SET SCOREBOARD OFF SET STATE On SET TALK OFF SET PRINTer ON *SET COLO TO ,RB+ clos all set printer to file 'GSH' sele 1 @6,12 say 'UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL, @7,16 SAY ' Report of Revenue Collection' TOTl =000000.00 *@8 ,60 say DATE() @9,4 say "CODE NO" @9,15 SAY "DESCRIPTION" @9,35 SAY "AMOUNT" @9,45 SAY "TOTAL" @10,4 SAY '=======' @10,15 SAY "===========" @10,35 SAY "======" @10,45 SAY "=====" tot = o use leo GO TOP DO WHILE .NOT . EOF() tot = tot = amount ?Str(code) + space(5) =desc+str(amount,6,2) +space(2) +str(tot,6,2) skip totl = amount+totl enddo close all return

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