Coins of the Classical period discovered in Lechkhumi. ლეჩხუმში...

cageris istoriuli muzeumis

Sromebi

I

varlam maxarobliZis saxelobis cageris istoriuli muzeumi

Varlam Makharoblidze Tsageri History Museum

cageris municipaliteti - Tsageri Municipality

cageris istoriuli muzeumis Sromebi

I

Proceedings

of the

Tsageri History Museum

I

Tbilisi – Tbilisi

2014

122

maia patariZe

leCxumSi aRmoCenili antikuri xanis monetebi

antikuri periodis qarTuli numizma-

tikis kvleva jer kidev gasuli sauku-

nis dasawyisSi daiwyo da sakmaod kargad

Seswavlil sferos warmoadgens [ZiriTa-

di bibliografia ix.: Дундуа 1987: 3-5, 165-181].

antikur periodSi, saqarTvelosa

(iberia-kolxeTis) da gare samyaros po-

litikuri da savaWro ekonomikuri urTi-

erTobebis Seswavlis saqmeSi udidesi

roli fulad mimoqcevas, kerZod ki mo-

netebis gavrcelebis areals _ topogra-

fias eniWeba.

am etapze Cveni mizania numizmatikuri

masalis Seswavlis safuZvelze vaCvenoT,

istoriuli kolxeTis mTiani regionis,

kerZod, leCxumis savaWro-ekonomikuri

kavSirebi kolxeTis barTan da gare

samyarosTan. sakvlev masalas warmoad-

gens cageris istoriul muzeumSi dacu-

li numizmatikuri masala, da agreTve,

saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumis numizma-

tikur fondSi daculi leCxumidan Semo-

suli monetebi.

leCxumis teritoriaze aRmoCenili

uZvelesi numizmatikuri Zeglebi warmo-

adgens vercxlis monetebs, romlebic

samecniero literaturaSi ,,kolxuri

TeTris’’ saxeliTaa cnobili.

kolxuri TeTris emisiaSi rva samone-

to tipi gamoiyofa: 1 _ tetradraqma,

Av. lomis Tavi, Rv. cxenis protoma; 2 _ A I tipis didraqma, Av. mwoliare

lomi, Rv. daCoqili figura; 3 _ II tipis

didraqma, Av. adamianis profili, Rv. kvadratum inkuzumSi moTavsebuli ada-

mianis ori profili erTmaneTis sapiris-

pirod; 4 _ III tipis didraqma, Av. adamianis Tavi, Rv. ori xaris gamosa-

xuleba erTmaneTis sapirispirod; 5 _

draqma, Av. lomis skalpi, Rv. xaris Tavi kvadratum inkuzumSi; 6 _ I tipis naxevardraqma, Av. daRrenili lomis

Tavis gamosaxuleba profilSi, Rv. Zu

lomis protoma CaWdeul kvadratSi; 7 _

II tipis naxevardraqma, trioboli, Av. adamianis Tavi profilSi, Rv. xaris

Tavi; 8 _ hemitetartemorioni, Av. adamianis Tavi, Rv. frinveli [dundua,

kaxiZe 1978: 70. Дундуа 1987: 28]. monetebis am jgufidan dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos teritoriaze yvelaze didi

raodenobiT, aTasobiTaa aRmoCenili tri-

obolebi. swored am monetebs aRniSnavda

termini „kolxuri TeTri“ Tavdapirve-

lad [dundua, kaxiZe 1979: 30]. cageris

istoriul muzeumSi daculia aRniSnuli

tipis (II tipis naxevardraqma, triobo-

li) _ xuTi egzemplari.

esenia:

tab. I _ w. 1,42 gr.; z. 11/11 mm. tab. I,

# 1.

1/1 Av. marjvniv mimarTuli adamianis

Tavi wertilovan rkalSi.

1/2 Rv. xaris Tavi xazovan rkalSi.

tab. I _ w. 2,19 gr.; z. 11/11 mm tab. I,

# 2.




tab. I _ w. 2,20 gr.; z. 11/11 mm tab. I,

# 3.


Tavi xazovan rkalSi.


tab. I _ w. 1,90 gr.; z. 11/11 mm tab. I,

# 4.

123




tab. I _ w. 1,96 gr.; z. 12/12 mm tab. I,

# 5.

5/1 Av. adamianis Tavi, marjvniv

mimarTuli, wertilovan rkalSi.


kolxuri TeTris es tipi uamravi va-

riantiTaa cnobili da „leCxumur‘‘ egzem-

plarebSic igive suraTia. rogorc aRwe-

rilobidan Cans, TiToeuli egzemplari

gansxvavdeba siqiT da woniTi remediumic

meryeobs - 1,42 gr-dan 2,20 gr-mde.

rac Seexeba II tipis naxevardraqmiane-

bis (triobolebis) daTariRebis sakiTxs,

am TemasTan dakavSirebiT uamravi azri

arsebobs [Wroth 1889: 64. Lang 1955: 6-7. Lang 1957: 138-139. dundua 1997: 231];

maTi kargad daTariRebul ucxour mone-

tebTan erTad aRmoCenis faqtebi saSua-

lebas iZleva, moWris TariRad Zv.w. V

saukunis meore naxevari iqnas mirebuli

[dundua 2003: 42]. emisiis Sewyvetis

mizezad miCneulia aleqsandre makedone-

lis (Zv.w. 336-323 ww.) saxeliT moWri-

li staterebis masobrivi gavrceleba

kolxeTis farglebSi [Голенко, Капа-надзе 1966: 37].

miuxedavad imisa, rom kolxuri TeTri

araerTi mecnieris kvlevis sagani iyo

wlebis ganmavlobaSi, masTan dakavSire-

buli bevri sakiTxi jer kidev Riad

rCeba. gansakuTrebiT es exeba emitentis

sakiTxs. mecnierTa erTi jgufi kolxur

TeTrs kolxeTis xelisuflebis mier

moWrilad Tvlis [Капанадзе, Голенко 1957: 88-95. Голенко, Капанадзе 1966: 35. kapanaZe 1969: 27. Лордкипанидзе 1977: 250-255], xolo meoreni Tvlian, rom

kolxuri TeTris emisia Savi zRvis aR-

mosavleT sanapiroze mdebare qalaqebis,

kerZod ki, fasisis prerogativa iyo

[dundua 1972: 66-70. Болтунова 1973: 97-103. dundua, kaxiZe 1979: 69-73. dun-

dua 2003: 43-44]. erT-erTi argumenti,

romlis mixedviTac es monetebi kolxe-

Tis samefo xelisuflebis mier moWri-

lad iTvleba, aris kolxuri TeTris

gavrcelebis farTo areali [kapanaZe

1969: 27].

es samoneto jgufi gavrcelebulia

rogorc kolxeTis Sida regionebSi _

mdinare rionis auzi [Капанадзе, Голенко 1957: 89], aseve mis sanapiro zolSi -

qobuleT-fiWvnarsa [kaxiZe, vikersi 2004:

16] da afxazeTis teritoriaze [Шамба 1987: 17-18]. radgan, rogorc Cans, „mTa-vari savaWro-ekonomikuri ZarRvi qveynisa

rionis xeobaze gadioda SesarTavidan

vidre saTaveebamde“ [miqelaZe 1974: 174,

191]. amdenad, rogorc raWaSi, ambrola-

urSi da onSi [Зограф 1945: 121], ise leCxumSi, kolxuri TeTrebis aRmoCena

logikuria.

garda zemoaRwerili monetebisa, arse-

bobs cnoba, rom 1908 wels leCxumSi1

leCxumSi, sofel dRnorisaSi (md.

rionis xeobis marcxena napiri), aRmoCn-

da 180 erTeuli kolxuri TeTri (trio-

bolebi). amJamad, mxolod 80 monetaa

daculi quTaisis istoriul-eTnogra-

fiul muzeumSi [witaiSvili 1978: 140,

142; sulava 1996: 90].

,

muris cixesTan aRmoCenila 12 cali

„kolxuri TeTri“, romelic SeuZenia

moskovis arqeologiuri sazogadoebis

kavkasiur ganyofilebas [Зограф 1945: 56].

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis

numizmatikis fondSi daculia 310 cali

kolxuri TeTri leCxumidan e.w. „leCxu-

mis ganZi“ [Дундуа 1987: 16, 22. sulava

1996: 90]

1 a. zografi SecdomiT qvemo svaneTs uwodebs-m.p.

124

kolxuri TeTris aRmoCenis SemTxve-

vebi svaneTSic aris cnobili [patariZe

2011: 18]; da vinaidan, muris cixe svane-

Tis da leCxumis sazRvaria, SesaZlebe-

lia vifiqroT, rom svaneTSi fuli leC-

xumisa da raWis Sida saxmeleTo gziTac

moxvda, radgan garda fasis-yvirilis sa-

vaWro magistralisa, aSkaraa, rom es mo-

netebi saxmeleTo gzebiTac vrceldeboda.

svaneTSi da leCxumSi kolxuri TeT-

ris povna, zrdis am jgufis monetebis

areals da kidev erTi argumentia imisa,

rom Zv.w. V s-Si fuladi-sasaqonlo ur-

TierToba bevrad vrcel ekonomikur

sivrces, erTmaneTisgan daSorebul regi-

onebs, moicavda. faqtia, rom TiTqmis

mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mis yvela

regionSi gvxvdeba kolxuri TeTri,

gansakuTrebiT ki II tipis naxevardraqmi-

anebi. mecnierTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom

maTi mimoqcevis arealma ar SeiZleba

kolxuri TeTris genezisis problema

gadaWras [dundua 1972: 70]. genezisis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria da dResac

ar aris sabolood gadaWrili, magram

aranakleb sainteresoa da mniSvnelovanic

is sakiTxi, rom es monetebi iWreboda

Sida kolxuri aucileblobiT, da

maSasadame, socialur-ekonomikuri done

kolxeTisa amisaTvis mzad iyo [sulava

1996: 90].

kolxuri TeTri erTdroulad asru-

lebda saqalaqo monetis funqciasa da

kolxeTis Sida raionebTan savaWro

eqvivalentis rolsac [dundua, kaxiZe

1979: 72].

kolxuri TeTris aRmoCenis faqtebi

da leCxumis teritoriaze mopovebuli

arqeologiuri masala (aRsaniSnavia, cxe-

Tis samarovani, da agreTve, leCxumis

sxvadasxva soflebSi SemTxveviT aRmoCe-

nili samarxeuli warmoSobis masala

[sulava 1996: 46]2

yovelive es gvaZlevs saSualebas da-

vaskvnaT, rom mTis mosaxleoba karCa-

ketilad ar cxovrobda. leCxumis da sva-

neTis mosaxleobas savaWro-ekonomikuri

urTierToba akavSirebda kolxeTis bar-

Tan da baris saSualebiT _ antikuri

samyaros qveynebTan. kolxuri TeTris

gamoCena mTaSi, raWaSi, kerZod, brilsa

[Зограф 1951: 58-59] da lixeTSi Zv.w V-

IV saukunis samarxSi [saqarTvelos ar-

qeologia 1959: 199], leCxumSi [sulava

1996: 90] da rasakvirvelia, svaneTSi,

imis maniSnebelia, rom aq, ara iseTi

intensivobiT, rogorc kolxeTis Sida

regionebSi, magram fuladi sasaqonlo

urTierToba dawyebulia.

), uflebas gvaZlevs

davaskvnaT, rom antikuri xanis savaWro-

ekonomikur procesebSi kolxeTis barTan

da mTasTan, svaneTTan [patariZe m. 2011:

23] erTad, mTiswina zolis mosaxleobac

monawileobda. [sulava 1996: 98].

kolxuri TeTris emisiis Sewyveta

aleqsandre makedonelis da lisimaqes

oqros staterebis masobriv Semosvla-

sTanaa dakavSirebuli [Голенко, Капа-надзе 1966: 37]. „kolxurma TeTrma ver

gauZlo srulfasovani oqros monetebis

eqspansias bazarze“ [dundua, dundua

2006: 61]. msoflio procesebis parale-

lurad, kolxeTSi axali, elinizmis xana

daiwyo, rasac ekonomikuri cxovrebis

gamococxleba moyva [inaZe 2009: 244].

sagareo vaWrobam „msoflio“ xasiaTi

miiRo. kolxeTi aqtiurad urTierTobs

xmelTaSua zRvisa da mcire aziis berZ-

nul qalaqebTan [lorTqifaniZe 1966:

118-119].

2 masalebi daculia cageris istoriul muzeumSi,

quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis istoriul-

eTnografiul muzeumSi, saqarTvelos erovnul

muzeumsa da sankt-peterburgis saxelmwifo

ermitaJSi.

125

Zv.w. IV-III saukuneSi kolxeTSi, mis

barSi da mTis regionSi, leCxumSi, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki, svaneTSi cxovrebis gaaq-

tiureba SeiniSneba. gare samyarosTan

aqtiuri ekonomikuri urTierTobis erT-

erTi utyuari sabuTi, garda berZnul-

romauli wyaroebSi asaxuli cnobebisa,

kolxeTis teritoriaze aRmoCenili ar-

qeologiuri da numizmatikuri masalaa.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania aleqsandre

makedonelis da lisimaqes oqros sta-

teris minabaZis aRmoCenac [Лордкипа-нидзе 1979: 195. Дундуа 1987: 85].

cageris istoriul muzeumSi daculia

aleqsandre makedonelis stateri (aRmo-

Cenis zusti adgili ucnobia).

Cveulebriv, aleqsandre makedonelis

staterebze moTavsebulia warwera

„ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ“ (aleqsandre

mefe), an mxolod _ „ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ“ (aleqsandre). samecniero literaturis

mixedviT, aleqsandre makedonelis oqros

monetebi, romlebzec monarqi moxsenie-

bulia mefis titulis gareSe, Zv.w. 329

welze ufro adreulia [dundua 1973:

61]. am jgufs miekuTvneba cageris isto-

riuli muzeumis egzemplaric:

tab. I aleqsandre makedonelis

stateri _ w. 8,47. z. 19/18

6/1 Av. qalRmerT aTenas grZelTmiani

Tavis gamosaxuleba korinTul muza-

radSi, marjvena profiliT, muzaradze

daklaknili gvelia gamosaxuli.

6/2 Rv. frTosan nikes gamosaxuleba

mTeli taniT grZel qitonSi, marcxniv

mimavali. marjvena xelSi gvirgvini uWi-

ravs, marcxenaSi _ stilida. marjvena

xels qvemoT amotvifrulia monograma.

qalRmerTis marcxena mxares zedwerili:

„ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟ[Υ]“ (aleqsandre).

elinistur xanaSi kolxeTis mTian

raionebSi fulis intensiuri brunvis

aSkara magaliTia zemo svaneTSi sof.

mulaxSi Zv.w. IV s-is ukanaskneli meo-

Txedis pantikapeionis oqros staterebi,

romlebic aq ganZis saxiT (30-mde mone-

ta) iqna aRmoCenili [Зограф 1935: 187. CarTolani 1976: 53. Дундуа 1987: 53]. maTgan mxolod erTi egzemplari SemorCa

da daculia mestiis muzeumSi [patariZe

2011: gv. 26].

Zv.w. III saukunis bolodan SavzRvispi-

reTSi savaWro monetis rols asruleb-

da lisimaqes saxeliT moWrili state-

rebi. saqarTvelos, kerZod, dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos farglebSi lisimaqes oqros

monetebis aRmoCenis eqvsi SemTxvevaa

aRricxuli [dundua 1973: 59], aqedan ori

egzemplari svaneTis teritoriazea aRmo-

Cenili. erTi saqarTvelos erovnuli mu-

zeumis s. janaSias saxelobis muzeumSia

daculi [Дундуа 1987: 48], xolo meore,

S. amiranaSvilis saxelobis xelovnebis

muzeumSi [Дундуа 1987: 49]. Zv.w. II saukunidan Zv.w. I saukunis

ukanasknel meoTxedamde samoneto cirku-

laciaSi Semodis aleqsandre makedone-

lis da lisimaqes staterebis minabaZebi.

samecniero literaturaSi erTxmadaa

aRiarebuli, rom rodesac ama Tu im

qveynis bazarze klebulobs popularuli

monetebis Semosvla, moTxovnis Sevseba

xdeba minabaZebis saSualebiT [dundua g.,

dundua T. 2006: 72]. minabaZebs srulfa-

sovani fulis funqcia aqvs. amaze miuTi-

Tebs, is garemoeba, rom sqematurgamo-

saxulebiani calebis garda, gvxvdeba

SedarebiT srulyofili egzemplarebic,

romelTac aqvT sakmaod maRali wona,

sinji da aRmoCenilia kanonier moneteb-

Tan erTad [Дундуа 1987: 55]. tab. I lisimaqes tipis stateris

minabaZi. w. 4,75 gr.; z. 19/20 mm.

7/1 Av. aleqsandre makedonelis

marjvniv mimarTuli, ukiduresad sqema-

126

turi portreti mkveTrad gamoxatuli

kuTxovani cxviriT.

7/2 Rv. taxtze mjdomi aTena palada

nikeTi. qvemoT _ samTiTa, romelic

marcxnivaa mimarTuli. warweris nacvlad

horizontuli xazebi.


stateris minabaZi _ oqro, w. 3,10 gr.;

z. 16 mm.


Tavis gauxeSebuli, sqematuri gamosa-

xuleba. gamosaxulebis win sami, xolo

ukan ori reliefuri wertili.

8/2 Rv. frTosani arseba pirdapir

(gamarjvebis qalRmerT nikes gamosaxu-

lebis sqematuri asli), gamosaxulebis

orive mxares TiTo wyvili reliefuri

wertili.


stateris minabaZi _ oqro, w. 3,09 gr.;

z. 17/11 mm.



xuleba. win oTxi reliefuri wertili.

9/2 Rv. frTosani arseba (gamarjvebis qalRmerT nikes gamosaxulebis sqematu-

ri asli)

moneta gatexilia da or fragmentadaa

warmodgenili.

tab. I aleqsandre makedonelis state-

ris minabaZi _ oqro, w. 3,20gr.; z. 16 mm.



xuleba. gamosaxulebis win oTxi

wertilia, erT-erT wertilze sqematuri

Citi zis, xolo ukan ori reliefuri

wertili.

10/2 Rv. frTosani arseba pirdapir

(gamarjvebis qalRmerT nikes gamosaxu-

lebis sqematuri asli) gamosaxulebis

orive mxares ramodenime wyvili reli-

efuri wertili.

aleqsandre makedonelis stateris

minabaZebi daTariRebulia Zv.w. I _ ax.w.

I saukuneebiT, vinaidan isini umetes Sem-

TxvevaSi aRmoCenila samarxebSi kargad

daTariRebul monetebTan erTad [Дундуа 1987: 93. dundua, dundua 2006: 72].

ax.w. I saukunis meore naxevridan,

rodesac qreba aleqsandre makedonelisa

da lisimaqes minabaZebi mimoqcevidan, da-

savleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cndeba

romauli monetebi. leCxumSi aRmoCenilia

imperator traianesa (98-117 ww) da

imperator adrianes (117-138 ww) mier

moWrili provinciuli monetebi. isini

moWrilia kesariaSi:

tab. II - romi. denari. imperatori

traiane (98-117 ww.) provinciuli

moneta. moWrili kesariaSi. w. 1,90 gr.;

z. 17/16 mm.

11/1 Av. traianes drapirebuli bius-

ti dafnis gvirgviniT, marjvena profi-

liT. irgvliv sakmaod sqematuri

warwerebi.

11/2 Rv. marjvniv mimarTuli SiSveli

apoloni, marjvena xelSi dafnis

totiTa da marcxenaSi _ mSvildisriT.

irgvliv warwerebi.

tab. II - romi. didraqma. imperatori.

adriane (117-138 ww.), provinciuli

moneta. moWrili kesariaSi. w. 6,00 gr.;

z. 21/21 mm.

12/1 Av. adrianes Tavis dafnisgvir-

gviniani gamosaxuleba marjvniv mimarTu-

li profiliT. garSemo laTinurad -

adrianos sevastos.

12/2 Rv. argeis mTa mwvervalze gaur-

kveveli figuriT, gamosaxulebis marcx-

niv da marjvniv varskvlavebi. irgvliv

warwera da wertilovani rkali.

adrianes monetebi didi raodenobiTaa

dasavleT saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili,

kerZod or did ganZSi - ekis da

sefieTis [dundua 1979].

127

maT aRmoCenas leCxumSi didi mniSvne-

loba aqvs, radgan am monetebis gavrce-

lebis aqamde arsebul topografiaSi

kolxeTis mTiani regioni ar figurirebs

da amdenad mosazrebas, rom es monetebi

dasavleT saqarTveloSi mxolod Savi

zRvis saSualebiT Semodioda da ara

Savi zRvis gaswvrivi saxmeleTo gziT,

eWvis qveS dgeba [Голенко 1964: 32.

dundua 1979: 10]. Tumca monetebis mcire

raodenobis gamo, am mosazrebis dabeji-

TebiT mtkicebas am etapze ver SevZlebT.

ax.w. I s-is meore naxevridan iberiaSi

Semodis e.w. gotarzesis, dReisaTvis mi-

Rebuli atribuciiT artaban II-is (ax.w.

10-38 ww) draqma da oqtaviane avgus-

tusis (Zv.w. 27 ax.w. 14) romauli

denari.

dasavleT saqarTvelos baris region-

Si es monetebi praqtikulad ar gvxvde-

ba, garda sofel borSi (xaragaulis

raioni) aRmoCenis erTi SemTxvevisa. [ab-

ramiSvili 1974: 60-61]. amitom gaCnda

mosazreba, rom avgustusis denarebi

amierkavkasiaSi Semodioda ara sazRvao

gziT da, Sesabamisad, ara uSualod

imperiis farglebidan, aramed periferi-

idan, samxreTidan, evfratis zemo weli-

dan, mesopotamiis sazRvrebidan [Голенко 1964: 43]3

avgustusis denarebi xangrZlivad mi-

moiqceoda iberiis teritoriaze, I sau-

kunidan III saukunis Suaxanebamde iberiis

.

3 saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis numizmatikur

kabinetSi daculia informacia, romlis mixedviT

2001 w. agvistoSi, saqarTvelos erovnul

muzeumSi, moqalaqe lipartelianma warmoadgina

mestiis teritoriaze aRmoCernili 18 moneta,

maTgan cxra _ avgustusis denari (romi) da

cxra _ gotarzesis draqma. samwuxarod monetebi

muzeumma ver SeiZina. amdenad, avgustusis

denaris gavrcelebis topografiaSi mxolod am

cnobiT koreqtivs ver SevitanT, magram infor-

macia, vfiqrobT, angariSgasawevia.

ekonomikaSi am samoneto jgufis roli

aSkaraa [dundua, dundua 2006: 125].

SemdgomSi aRniSnuli monetebis ricxvis

Semcirebam gamoiwvia III saukunis Sua

xanebidan adgilobrivi imitaciebis gene-

zisi [kapanaZe 1969: 44. dundua, dundua

2006: 125].

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis numi-

zmatikur koleqciebSi, ganZebis fondSi

avgustusis denaris minabaZis 15 egzempla-

ria daculi, aqedan erTi aRmoCenilia sva-

neTSi, sofel cxumurSi (g. f. # 51034

cageris muzeumSi avgustusis denaris

minabaZis xuTi erTeulia daculi. yvela

adgilobriv, leCxumSia aRmoCenili; maT

Soris erTi samarxeulia

);

xolo leCxumSi (cagerSi) aRmoCenilia

agreTve erTi cali (g. f. # 9446).

5, (aRmoCenilia

gonaze), savaraudod, is ,,qaronis obols”

warmoadgens, vinaidan, micvalebuli sa-

marxSi # 7 Tavis qalis areSi, piris

RruSi, kbilebs Soris iyo moTavsebu-

li6

cageris muzeumSi daculi avgustusis

minabaZis aRweriloba :

. monetis mixedviT samarxi III sau-

kunes ganekuTvneba.

tab. II oqtaviane avgustusis denaris

barbarosuli minabaZi _ vercxli. w.

2,63 gr. ; z. 19/19mm.

13/1 Av. imperatoris naklebad

sqematuri profili marjvniv. Tmebze Ci-

tebis sqematuri gamosaxulebebi, win

warwera (?), monetis irgvliv werti-

lovani rkali.

13/2 Rv. gaiusisa da luciusis erT-

maneTis sapirispirod mdgari sqematuri

gamosaxuleba. isini eyrdnobian maxvi-

4 g. f. - saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis numiz-

matikuri koleqcia, ganZebis fondi. 5 2007 wlis leCxumis arqeologiuri eqspe-

dicia. eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli guram gabiZa-

Svili. 6 masala gamoqveynebuli ar aris.

128

lebs, SuaSi faria. gamosaxulebis gar-

Semo wertilovani rkali.



3,00 gr. ; z. 18/18 mm.

14/1 Av. imperatoris uaRresad

damaxinjebuli profili marcxniv. Mone-

tis irgvliv wertilovani rkali.

14/2 Rv. gaiusisa da luciusis erT-

maneTis sapirispirod mdgari sqematuri

gamosaxuleba. isini eyrdnobian maxvi-

lebs, SuaSi faria. gamosaxulebis gar-

Semo wertilovani rkali.



1,60 gr. ; z. 17/18 mm.

15/1 Av. savaraudod imperatoris ua-Rresad damaxinjebuli profili unda

iyos. monetis irgvliv wertilovani

rkalis fragmentebi.

15/2 Rv. fragmentulad da bundovnad

SeiZleba amovikiTxoT gaiusisa da lu-

ciusis gamosaxulebebi.


barbarosuli minabaZi _ vercxli. w. 1,21

gr.; z. 14/17 mm.

16/1 Av. imperatoris uaRresad da-

maxinjebuli profili marcxniv. monetis

irgvliv wertilovani rkali.

16/2 Rv. gaiusisa da luciusis erTma-

neTis sapirispirod mdgari sqematuri

gamosaxuleba. isini eyrdnobian maxvilebs,

SuaSi faria. gamosaxulebis garSemo

wertilovani rkali.


barbarosuli minabaZi _ vercxli. w. 3,01

gr.; z. 19/20 mm. Mmoneta aRmoCenilia

cageris municipalitetSi. adgil gonaze,

samarxSi. ,,qaronis oboli’’

17/1 Av. imperatoris uaRresad

damaxinjebuli profili marcxniv. mone-

tis irgvliv wertilovani rkali.

17/2 Rv. gaiusisa da luciusis erTma-

neTis sapirispirod mdgari sqematuri

gamosaxuleba. isini eyrdnobian maxvilebs,

SuaSi faria. gamosaxulebis garSemo

wertilovani rkali.

rogorc svaneTis, aseve, leCxumis

egzemplarebi, damzadebulia dabali sin-

jis vercxlisagan. savaraudod, isini

yvelaze gviandel nimuSebs unda warmo-

adgendnen. maTi TariRia III saukune.

[dundua g., dundua T. 2006: 125;] aS-

karaa, rom leCxumi, svaneTTan erTad III

saukuneSic monawileobs qveynis saerTo

fulad mimoqcevaSi. rasakvirvelia, ise-

Tive intensivobiT ara, rogorc es

procesi barSi xdeba, magram am regionis

CarTuloba sayovelTao fulad cirku-

laciaSi aSkaraa.

amgvarad, leCxumis teritoriaze aR-

moCenili antikuri xanis monetebi

aSkarad gviCveneben, rom es regioni Zv.w.

V saukunidan – ax.w. III saukenis CaTv-

liT, aqtiuradaa CarTuli fulad mimo-

qcevaSi rogorc kolxeTis samefos Sig-

niT, aseve arqeologiuri masalis gaTva-

liswinebiT aSkaraa misi gare sam-

yarosTan kavSir-urTierTobebic.

129

Maia Pataridze Coins of the Classical period discovered in Lechkhumi

Summary

The numismatic materials discovered in Lechkhumi, play a tremendous role in the study of coins of the Classical period of Georgia. Majority of the Colchian silver coins – the so-called Colchian tetri - discovered in mountainous Colchis are from this region.

Coins of the Classical period, discovered on the territory of Lechkhumi - golden staters of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus (originals and imitations), barbarian imitation of denar of Octavian Augustus - attest to the fact that, according to coin of the Roman period, from the 5th century BC up to the 3rd Century AD Lechkhumi (together with Svaneti) was actively engaged in the money circulation not only within the Colchian kingdom. The engagement of the region in the universal money circulation is obvious. This fact is testified by the rich archaeological material discovered in Lechkhumi, too.

literatura

abramiSvili T. 1974: saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis parTuli monetebis katalogi.

Tbilisi.

dundua g. 1979: saqarTvelos samoneto ganZebi (romauli xanis monetebi sof. ekidan da

sefieTidan). Tbilisi.

dundua g. 1972: lomis gamosaxulebiani kolxuri TeTris genezisisaTvis, macne,

istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiisa da xelovnebis istoriis seria, # 1, Tbilisi.

dundua g. 1973: saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli aleqsandre makedonelisa da lisimaqes

saxeliT moWrili monetebi. macne, istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiisa da xelovnebis

istoriis seria, # 1, Tbilisi.

dundua g., kaxiZe a. 1979: kolxuri TeTris genezisis sakiTxebi. kolxuri TeTris

genezisis sakiTxebi, macne, istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiisa da xelovnebis

istoriis seria, # 2, Tbilisi.

dundua g. 2003: kolxuri TeTri (zogadi mimoxilva) kr. iberia-kolxeTi, # 1 Tbilisi.

dundua g., dundua T. 2006: qarTuli numizmatika. Tbilisi.

dundua T. 1997: qarTuli eTnokulturuli evolucia da dasavleTi numizmatikuri

masalebis mixedviT. Tbilisi.

patariZe m. 2011: svaneTSi aRmoCenili antikuri xanis monetebi. Tbilisis ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, III. Tbilisi.

kapanaZe daviT. 1969: qarTuli numizmatika, Tbilisi.

kaxiZe a., vikersi m. 2004: fiWvnari I, baTumi-oqsfordi.

lorTqifaniZe o. 1966: antikuri samyaro da Zveli kolxeTi, Tbilisi.

miqelaZe T. 1974: Ziebani kolxeTisa da samxreT aRmosavleTi SavizRvispireTis

uZvelesi mosaxleobis istoriidan, Tbilisi.

saqarTvelos arqeologia 1959: Tbilisi.

sulava n. 1996: mTiani kolxeTi antikur xanaSi (leCxumi), Tbilisi.

130

CarTolani m. 1976: 1973 w. svaneTis samecniero kompleqsuri eqspediciis Sedegebi, akad.

s. janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos saxemwifo muzeumis moambe XXXII- B, Tbilisi.

witaiSvili z. 1978: quTaisis muzeumis numizmatikis fondi, quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis

sax. istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis masalebi. III, Tbilisi.

Болтунова А. И. 1973: Колхидки – ВДИ, № 4. Дундуа Г. Ф. 1987: Нумизматика античной грузии. Тбилиси Голенко К. В. 1961: Клад синопских и колхидских монет из кобулети (1948 г.), ВДИ, № 1. Голенко К. В. 1964: Денежное обращение Колхиды в римское время. Ленинград. Голенко К. В, Капанадзе Д. Г. 1966: Четыре клада колхидок. – НЭ (нумизматика и эриграфика), VI. Зограф А. Н. 1935: Антычные золотые монеты Кавказа., Известия ГАИМК, Вып. № 110. Зограф А. Н. 1951: Античные монеты, МИА. ( Материалы и исследования по археологии СССР. ) М-Л. Капанадзе Д. Г., Голенко К. В. 1957: Л вопросу о происхождении колхидок. – ВДИ, № 4. Лордкипанидзе О. Д. 1977: К проблеме греческой колонизации Восточного Причерноморъя (Колхиды). – Материалы симпозиума в Цхалтубо. Лордкипанидзе О. Д. 1979: Древняя Колхида, Тбилиси. Шамба С. М. 1987: Монетное обращение на територии абхазии (Vв. до н.э. – XIII в. н.э.), Тбилиси. Lang D. M. 1955: Studies in the numismatic History of Georgia in Transcaucasia, New- York. Lang D. M. 1957: Notes on Caucasian Numismatics. The Numismatic Chronicle, vol. XVII. Wroth W. 1889: Catalogue of Greek Coins. Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia and the Kingdom of Bosporus.

131

tabulebis aRwera

tab. I

1/1-1/2; 2/1-2/2; 3/1-3/2; 4/1-4/2; 5/1-5/2 _ naxevardraqma. kolxeTi. vercxli

6/1-6/2 _ aleqsandre makedonelis stateri. oqro

7/1-7/2 _ lisimaqes tipis stateris minabaZi. oqro

8/1-8/2: 9/1-9/2; 10/1-10/2 _ aleqsandre makedonelis stateris minabaZi. oqro

11/1-11/2 _ romi. denari. imperatori traiane. provinciuli moneta. vercxli

12/1-12/2 _ romi. didraqma. imperatori Aadriane. Pprovinciuli moneta. vercxli

tab. II

13/1-13/2; 14/1-14/2; 15/1-15/2; 16/1-16/2; 17/1-17/2 _ oqtaviane avgustusis denaris

adgilobrivi minabaZi. vercxli.

Descrion Of The Plates

Tab. I 1/1-1/2; 2/1-2/2; 3/1-3/2; 4/1-4/2; 5/1-5/2 _ Hemidrachm. Colchis.5th-3rd.Silver 6/1-6/2 _Stater Alexander the Great. Gold 7/1-7/2 _ Georgian imitation of the stater of Lisimachus. Gold 8/1-8/2: 9/1-9/2; 10/1-10/2 _ Georgian imitation of the stater of Alexander the great. Gold Tab. II 11/1-11/2 _ Denarius. Rome.Emperor Trajan. Provincial coin.Silver. 12/1-12/2 _ Didrachm Rome. Emperoe Adrjan. Provincial coin. Silver. 13/1-13/2; 14/1-14/2; 15/1-15/2; 16/1-16/2; 17/1-17/2 _ Imitation of the Denarius of the Emperor Octavianus Augustus. Silver

132

I

1/1 1/2 2/1 2/2

3/1 3/2 4/1 4/2

5/1 5/2 6/1 6/2

7/1 7/2 8/1 8/2

9/1 9/2 10/1 10/2

133

II

11/1 11/2 12/1 12/2

13/1 13/2 14/1 14/2

15/ 1 15/2 16/1 16/2

17/1 17/2

Coins of the Classical period discovered in Lechkhumi. ლეჩხუმში...

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Transcript of Coins of the Classical period discovered in Lechkhumi. ლეჩხუმში...