Climate Resilient Legazpi City

Climate Resilient Legazpi City

Building Climate Resiliency throughUrban plans and Designs Project

City Learning and Exchange SeriesTagum CitySeptember 11, 2019

Context

1960 2018LEGAZPI CITY I Philippines

LEGAZPI CITYquick facts

16,165.43

LAND AREA (HECTARES)

PREDOMINATLYAGRICULTURE

LAND USE MIX

METROPOLITAN REGIONAL CENTER

REGIONAL ROLE - BICOL REGION

AGRI-ECOTOURISMCUM COMMERCIAL

DEVELOPMENT THRUST

45 URBAN - 25 RURAL

BARANGAYS

LEGAZPI CITYquick facts

205,378 237,412

POPULATION 2028

95.9%EMPLOYMENT RATE

99.48%LITERACY RATE

41.47%LIVING BELOW THE

POVERTY THRESHOLD

9.78%INFORMAL SETTLERS

APPROXIMATELY (19,663)

Upland Residential

Urban Structure

CBD

RC

OD

URUR

BT

BU

SC

SP

CBD

RC

OD

UR

CR

BT

BU

RR

SC

SP

Central Business District

Secondary Business District

Old Albay Government District

Regional Government District

Educational District

Upland Residential

Coastal Residential

Riverside ResidentialSeaport

Central Bus terminal

AP Domestic Airport

AP

RR Rural Residential

Urban Structure Legazpi City

RR

RR

RR

CR

CR

CR

RR

RR

RR

CLIMATE RESILIENT LEGAZPI CITYINTIAL PHASE

2019-2028COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE

PLAN(Long-term Spatial Framework Plan)

2019-2028COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT

PLAN(Sectoral Development Plan)

EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVEAGENDA

PUBLIC INVESTMENT PLAN(Medium term and annual)

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

CLIMATE AND DISATER RISK ASSESSMENTGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

CLIMATE RESILIENT LEGAZPI CITYINTIAL PHASE

2019-2028 (UPDATING)COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE

PLAN(Long-term Spatial Framework Plan)

2019-2028COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT

PLAN(Sectoral Development Plan)

EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVEAGENDA

PUBLIC INVESTMENT PLAN(Medium term and annual)

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

CLIMATE AND DISATER RISK ASSESSMENTGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

URBAN ADAPTATION STRATEGY

URBAN DESIGN GUIDEON CLIMATE RESILIENCY

PROJECT BRIEFS (INVESTMENT FORUM)

Climate Change Information and Situational Analysis

Risk and Vulnerability AssessmentGreenhouse Gas Inventory

Highlights of the Legazpi CityLocal Climate Change Action Plan

CDRA dashboardclimate and disaster risk assessment, planning and decision making tool

+ 297mm

+ 585mm

Seasonal Rainfall

Slight to significant Increase in seasonal rainfall during the DJF months (opportunities for rainwater harvesting) to address potential threats of slight to significant reduction during the JJA and SON months. Legazpi City will prepare for all plausible scenariops

- 177mm

- 103mm

- 254mm

- 177mm

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Taysan

Estanza

Mariawa

Homapon

Banquerohan

Maslog

San Francisco

Exposure by type of Crop (Reduction in Seasonal Rainfall)Rice

0

1

2

3

4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Banquerohan Taysan San Francisco Estanza Mariawa Homapon Maslog

Rice

Sensisitivity Indicators and average vulnerability score

Average of Climate field school participationAverage of Percentage of farmers practicing sustainable production techniquesAverage of Famers with access to Hazard InformationAverage of Famers with Irrigation CoverageAverage of Famers with Water ImpoundmentAverage of Famers with Crop Insurance Coverage2Average of Sensitivity ScoreAverage of Vulnerabi lity Score

Sensitivity indicators and vulnerability score

0

1

2

3

4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Banquerohan Taysan San Francisco Estanza Mariawa Homapon Maslog

Rice

Adaptive Capacity Indicators and average vulnerability score

Average of Agriculture Extension service coverageAverage of Early warning System CoverageAverage of Alternative LivelihoodAverage of Adaptive CapacityAverage of Vulnerability Score

295.30

151.56

148.55

101.57

89.61

73.23

26.89

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Taysan

Estanza

Mariawa

Homapon

Banquerohan

Maslog

San Francisco

Rice

Risk Natural Production Areas by type of Crop 3 h igh

566

547

320

234

60

34

5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Taysan

Estanza

Mariawa

Homapon

Maslog

Banquerohan

San Francisco

Rice

Farming Households at risk high

Decision AreasChanges in seasonal rainfall

And Temperature

Seasonal Temperature

Hotter conditions especially during the June, July and August months where the expected mean seasonal temperature will be 30.0OC and 31.8OC for 2065 and 2099 respectively

(Upper bound projection, RCP 8.5).

Obse

rved

2036

-206

5

2070

-209

9

0 200 400 600 800100

Meters

Built-up areas$Legend

Built-up Areas

Water BodiesMap sources:

NAMRIA, Aerial Photos, 2016Road Network, Open Street Map, 2017

Built-up areas

0 200 400 600 800100

Meters

Tree cover map$Legend

Tree Cover

Map sources:


0 200 400 600 800100

Meters

Available open spaces$Legend

Open spaces / Rice Paddies

Map sources:


Built up area Percentage(Exposure)

Tree cover Percentage(Sensitivity)

Remaining Open space Percentage(Adaptive Capacity)

0 200 400 600 800100

Meters

$Legend

Vulnerability

Very Low

Low

Moderate

High

Very High

Map sources:


vulnerability index map

Urban Heat Stress

Old Albay District Port Area CBD District

Flooding is a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dryland from the overflow of inland or tidal waters and the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source (NSCP, 2015). In the case of Legazpi, riverine, coastal and urban flooding affects a significant area of the urban center. Riverine flooding occur along the Macabalo, Sagumayon, Tibu, and Yawa rivers affecting residential, commercial and institutional areas. Urban flooding is caused by the rapid flow and accumulation of storm waters in low lying areas which affects the commercial areas near the port. Coastal flooding occurs when strong onshore winds push the water inland, causing a rise in sea level and flooding the low-lying coastal areas. Coastal flooding can be observed in the low lying coastal areas of the urban center. With the potential increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events due to climate change, the City should start implementing interventions to anticipate its impacts and minimize risks to people and property.

FLOODS

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bitano

San Roque

Cabag▒an West

PNR-Pe▒aranda St.-Iraya

Victory Village North

Binanuahan East

Oro Site-Magallanes St.

Victory Village South

Exposed Population by Flood Height 1.5 and Above

0.5-1.5

2,755

2,253

2,249

2,226

2,165

1,502

1,388

1,155

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bitano

San Roque

Cabag▒an West



Binanuahan East



Population Risk Flood high

15,692Population high risk to flooding

0

1

2

3

4

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

Oro

Site

-Mag

alla

nes

St.

PNR-

Pe▒

aran

da S

t.-Ira

ya

Bita

no

San

Roqu

e

Bina

nuah

an E

ast

Vict

ory

Villa

ge N

orth

Caba

g▒an

Wes

t

Vict

ory

Villa

ge S

outh

Sensitivity Indicators and Vulnerability Scores Average of Percentage of Informal Settlers ( IS)

Average of Percentage living in dwelling units made from light materials or salvageable materials

Average of Percentage of young and o ld dependents

Average of Percentage below the Poverty Threshold

Average of Vulnerability Score

0

1

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4

Victo

ry V

illage

Sou

th

San

Roqu

e

PNR-

Pe▒

aran

da S

t.-Ira

ya

Bita

no

Victo

ry V

illage

Nor

th

Caba

g▒an

Wes

t

Bina

nuah

an E

ast

Oro

Site-

Mag

alla

nes

St.

Adaptive Capacity Scores per Indicator and Vulnerability Score Average of Economic Wealth (Score)

Average of Access to Technology (Score)

Average of Institutions and Governance (Score)

Average of Infrastructure (Score)

Average of Access to Information (Score)

Average of Social Capital and Human Resources (Score)

Average of Vulnerability Score

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225

Residential

Institutional

Commercial

Airport

Utilities

Cemetery

Industrial

Parks and Recreation

Tourism

Open Space

Exposed Urban Use Areas in Hectares by Hazard Intensity 1 High2 Moderate3 Low

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Bitano

Cabagªan West

Binanuahan East

San Roque

PNR Peªaranda

Oro Site Magallanes

Bonot



Sabang

Pigcale

Centro Baybay

Resid

entia

l

Urban Use Areas at Risk per Barangay 1 High

0

1

2

3

4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

PNR Peªaranda Victory VillageSouth

San Roque Bitano Pigcale Bonot Sabang CabagªanWest

Victory VillageNorth

Centro Baybay BinanuahanEast

Oro SiteMagallanes

Res idential

Sensitivity indicators of Residential Areas and Average Sensitivity Scores Average of Percentage of building walls w ith light to salvageable mater ialsAverage of Percentage of buildings in dilapidated/condemened ConditionAverage of Percentatge of buidlings with no hazard mitigation designAverage of Percentatge of buidlings with access to hazard mit igation infrastructureAverage of Percentage of Informal Set tlersAverage of Average Sensitivity ScoreAverage of Vulnerabilit y Score

Sensitivity indicators and vulnerability score

0

1

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4

PNRPeªarandaResidential

Victory Vil lageSouth

San Roque Bitano Pigcale Bonot Sabang CabagªanWest

Victory Vil lageNorth

Centro Baybay BinanuahanEast

Oro SiteMagallanes

Adaptive Capacity indicators of Residential Areas and Average Adaptive Capacity Scores Average of Economic Wealth ScoreAverage of Technology ScoreAverage of Institutions and Governance ScoreAverage of Infrastructure ScoreAverage of Information ScoreAverage of Social Capital and Human Resources ScoreAverage of Average Adaptive Capacity Score

Decision AreasFlood HazardsCoastal and River side Residential Areas

Decision AreasFlood HazardsCoastal and River side Commercial Areas

Decision AreasFlood HazardsRice production areas

153

0 400 800 1,200

Meters

Legend

Decision Areas LifelinesWater Distribution NetworkNational RoadsSecondary and Tertiary Roads

Decision AreasFlood HazardsLifelines

Central Business District

Inaccessible during peak flood

2

Highly Vulnerable and Marginal groups

Inaccessible during peak flood making it extremely difficult for emergency rescue and evacuation

1

0 300 600 900 1,200150

Meters

Storm surge hazard map$Legend

Wave height (m)

1.5 and above

0.5 - 1.5

< 0.5

Map sources: Flood Hazard Map, 100 year return period, DOST-NOAH, 2017Road Network, Open Street Map, 2017

Public Advisory 4, 5.00 meter wave height at the coast

Public Advisory 4

Five meter estimated wave height

at the coast

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Bitano

San Roque

Rawis

Gogon

Bonot


Rizal Street

Cabag▒an West


Pigcale

Sabang


Binanuahan East

Centro-Baybay

Lapu-lapu

Bigaa

Dap-dap

Cabag▒an

Puro

Binanuahan West

Top 10 Barangays based on Population Exposure and Risk highmoderate

30,628High risk population

Risk to population – Storm Surge

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Residential

Commercial

Institutional

Industrial

Open Space

Cemetery

Utilities

Parks andRecreation

Mining

Tourism

Exposed Urban Use Areas in Hectares by Hazard Intensity 1.5 and above

0.5 - 1.5

< 0.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Bagacay

Capantawan

Bonot

Centro Baybay

Cabagªan East

Rawis

Oro Site Magallanes

PNR Peªaranda

San Roque

Tinago

Rizal Street

Pigcale

Dinagaan

Com

mer

cial

Urban Use Areas at Risk per Barangay2 Moderate

Decision AreasStorm SurgeCoastal Commercial Areas

Decision AreasStorm SurgeResidential Areas

Decision AreasStorm SurgeInstitutional Areas

153

0 400 800 1,200

Meters

Legend

Decision Areas RoadsWater Distribution NetworkNational RoadsSecondary and Tertiary Roads

Sea level rise

Sea level rise is a slow creeping hazard associated with the thermal expansion of sea water andthe addition of meltwater from ice sheets and glaciers into the ocean (Church et al., 2013a ) due to the increase in global temperatures. Based on projections, sea levels in Legazpi City may rise from 0.46m to 1.11m by 2100 (RCP 8.5). This may affect portions of the Barangays Lapu-lapu, Victory Village North and South and potentially impact vulnerable coastal communities. Also, this may affect a portion of the Central Business district and permanently submerge rizal st near the coastal area. Also, low lying residential areas along the Macabalo river are potentially exposed affecting riverside communities.

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500


San Roque

Sabang

Binanuahan East


Pigcale

Dinagaan


Lapu-lapu

Imperial Court Subd.

Rizal Street

Binanuahan West

Capantawan

Buragwis

Dap-dap

Lamba

Exposed Population by Sea Level Rise Inundation Height 10.750.50.2

14,762Exposed population

12,792Individuals at risk

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500


San Roque

Sabang

Binanuahan East

Pigcale


Bitano


Bonot

Puro

Gogon

Top 10 Barangays based on Population Exposure and Risk high

moderateRisk to population Sea Level Rise

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Dinagaan

Oro Site Magallanes

Pigcale

Sabang

Lapu Lapu

Binanuahan West

Imperial Court Subd


Binanuahan East

Com

mer

cial

Commercial Areas at Risk per Barangay1 High

6.15Hectares at risk

Decision AreasSea Level RiseCommercial Areas

Decision AreasSea Level RiseResidential Areas

153

0 400 800 1,200

Meters

Legend

Decsion AreasWater Distribution NetworkNational RoadsSecondary and Tertiary Roads

Decision AreasSea Level RiseRoad Network

0 300 600 900 1,200150

Meters

Lahar susceptibilty mapLegend

Areas highly prone to lahar

Areas moderately prone to lahar

Areas least prone to Lahar

Map sources: Lahar susceptibility map, PHIVOLCS, 2009Road Network, Open Street Map, 2017

0 300 600 900 1,200150

Meters

Lahar susceptibilty mapLegend

Areas highly prone to lahar

Areas moderately prone to lahar

Areas least prone to Lahar

Map sources: Lahar susceptibility map, PHIVOLCS, 2009Road Network, Open Street Map, 2017

20182009

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Residential

Institutional

Commercial

Mining

Industrial

Airport

Cemetery

Utilities

Open Space


Tourism

Exposed Urban Use Areas in Hectares by Hazard Intensity 3 Areas highly prone to lahar2 Areas moderately prone to lahar1 Areas least prone to Lahar

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

RawisBitanoBigaa

GogonSan Roque

CruzadaBogtongBuyuan

ArimbayBonotBognaPawa

PNR-Pe▒aranda St.-IrayaVictory Vil lage North

San JoaquinMatanag

DitaPigcaleSabangPadang

TamaoyanMabinit

Oro Site-Magallanes St.Bagong Abre

Centro-BaybayVictory Vil lage South

DinagaanRizal StreetLapu-lapu

CapantawanTinago

Cabag▒an West

Exposed Population by Lahar Susceptibility 3 Areas highly prone to lahar2 Areas moderately prone to lahar1 Areas least prone to Lahar

91,271Exposed population

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

San Roque

Bonot

Bogtong

Bigaa

Padang

Arimbay

Mabinit

Pawa

Bogna

Rawis

Matanag

Buyuan

Bagong Abre

Gogon

Population Exposure and Risk high

21,912Population at risk

- 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000

CruzadaRawis

PadangGogon

BogtongBigaa

ArimbayPawa

BitanoBonotBogna

BuyuanSan Roque

PNR PeªarandaBagong Abre

DitaOro Site Magallanes

MatanagCapantawan

TamaoyanMabinit

Centro BaybayLapu Lapu

San JoaquinVictory Village South

DinagaanPigcaleTinago

Victory Village NorthSabang

Rizal StreetCabagªan West

Dapdap

Exposed Areas by Type of Land Use Airport

Cemetery

Commercial

Industrial

Institutional

Open Space


Residential

Tourism

Utilities

Mining

17.1

1.3

1.1

1.0

0.5

0.4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Rawis

Pawa

Arimbay

Padang

Mabinit

San Roque

Inst

itutio

nal

Urban Use Areas at Risk per Barangay 1 High

Decision AreasLahar Institutional Areas

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Buyuan

Pawa

Bog▒a

Padang

Mabinit

Bigaa

Bagong Abre

Matanag

Rawis

Arimbay

San Joaquin

Dita

Tamaoyan

Cruzada

Bogtong

Gogon

Exposure by type of CropCoconut

Rice

0 50 100 150 200 250

Pawa

Buyuan

Bigaa

Bagong Abre

Padang

RawisBog▒a

Arimbay

San Joaquin

Matanag

Dita

Tamaoyan

Mabinit

Cruzada

Bogtong

GogonBog▒a

Buyuan

Padang

Mabinit

Matanag

Pawa

Bagong Abre

Dita

Tamaoyan

San Joaquin

Arimbay

Bigaa

Rawis

Rice

Coco

nut

Risk Natural Production Areas by type of Crop

3 h igh

2 moderate

1,445Hectares at risk

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

BuyuanBog▒a

Matanag

Padang

Mabinit

Pawa

Bagong Abre

Tamaoyan

Dita

Arimbay

Bigaa

San Joaquin

Rawis

Pawa

Rawis

Bagong Abre

BuyuanBog▒a

Padang

Arimbay

Bigaa

San Joaquin

Matanag

Tamaoyan

Dita

Mabinit

Bogtong

Cruzada

Gogon

Coco

nut

Rice

Farming Households at risk

high

moderate

2,785Farming Dependent Households at risk

Decision AreasLahar Natural Resource Production Areas

153

2L

9L

5L

19 L

51 L

10 9 L

30 L

1L

59 L

7L

2H

77L

33L

11 0 L

118

L

3L

63L

5H

59 H

117

L

8L

32L

5M

9H

89L

54 L

2M

31L

26L

59 M

62 L

10 8 L

33M

38L

49L

41 L

61 H

19H

61L

90 L

61M

76L

82L

9M

25L

94M

109

M

20 M

109

H

57L

39L

3H

104

L

92L

6L

33H

10 1 L

93 M

91M

95 L

32H

3M

32M

49 M

19 M

56 L

96L

94 L

11 6 L

4H

34H

18L

10 6 L

11 2 L

36L

103

L

53 L

75L

10 7 L

35H

38M

102

L

38H

55 L

43 L

52 L

34L

37L

20 L

93 L

2M

0 400 800 1,200

Meters

Legend

Decision Areas RoadsWater Distribution NetworkNational RoadsSecondary and Tertiary Roads

Bridge

Climate Change Information and Situational Analysis

Greenhouse gas inventory

Waste water2%

Stationary Fuel Use1%

Mobile Combustion7%

Agriculture (Crops)9%

Solid Waste Treatment (ICLEI)*2%

Purchased Electricity -All Other Sources

13%

Purchased Electricity -Commercial

38%

Purchased Electricity -Residential

28%

104,010Tons

108,300.17 Tonnes

GROSS GHG EMISSIONS



Mangrove Forests9%

Grasslands53%

Secondary Growth Forests

38%

-4,997.04Tons-4,997.04

Tons

GHG SINKS

103,577.49Tonnes CO2e

GROSS GHG EMISSIONS

108,300.17 Tonnes CO2eGHG SINKS

4,706.06 Tonnes CO2e

NET GHG EMISSIONS


40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

2017

2022

2025

2030

Tonn

es C

O 2e

Tonnes CO2e

PROJECTED BUSINESS AS USUAL GHG EMISSIONS


BASELINE GHG EMISSIONS


TARGET GHG EMISSIONS BY 2030


61.13% target GHG reduction by 2030 relative to business as usual 2030 projected GHG emissions

Urban Adaptation Strategy

1Increasing forest cover

Enhance forest cover in upland areas to reduce runoff f in rivers and creeks during extreme rainfall events

Increase sinks for greenhouse gas sequestration

5Diversification of agricultureProduction system

Establish diversified food forest permaculture production systems more resilient to potential changes in climate

Increase sinks for for greenhouse gas sequestration

3Alternative Livelihood

Providing alternative sustainable livelihoods to fisherfolks, farmers and forest resource dependent families such as those related to tourism

4Risk Transfer

Crop Insurance to rice and coconut Farmers to protect them from extreme and seasonal temperature and rainfall events.

2Mangrove and Wetland Restoration

Restoring mangrove and wetlands to increase ecosystem and economic benefits to fisherfolks

Help filter runoff and sedimentation during extreme rainfall events and help protect sea grasses and coral reefs

SOUTH

1

1

1

2

2

3

3

3

4

5

5

5

5

Southern Barangays

1Compact Mix-use Rural Barangay Nodes

Designing compact and self supporting and reliant rural barangay centers capable to surviving prolonged isolation due to lahar flows

5Uninterrupted Rural-Urban Legazpi Connectivity

Development of alternative and redundant roads, bridges to ensure connectivity of the northern rural barangays to the urban center especially during extreme rainfall events

Establish sea ports and wharfs for emergency evacuation

3Climate Resilient Agriculture Production

Water impoundment facilities to accommodate possible changes in seasonal changes in rainfall patterns

Alternative agriculture crop production techniques that with minimal soil dependence such as hydroponics or aeroponics.

2Hybrid lahar protection structuresalong Riverside Areas

Designing hybrid protection structures to manage lahar flows.

Renaturing riverside areas prone to high levels of lahar

Can be developed as GHG sinks of the City.

Northern Barangays

4Alternative Livelihood for Rural Communities

Utilizing lahar deposits for prefabricated construction materials such as permeable tiles to locally produce cheap and readily available construction materials requirements of the regio.

11

1

2

2

2

3

3

33

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1Restore biodiversity along the coast

Restoration of wetlands and mangroves to accommodate excess flood, filter surface waters to enhance water quality along the coast.

Increase sinks for greenhouse gas sequestration.

Increase ecosystem services derived from wetlands and mangroves

1 1

2Safe and resilient housing sites for the most vulnerable groups

Combining nature and engineering based solutions in the design of coastal defenses against sea level rise and storm surges

3Risk Transfer

Promote risk transfer mechanisms to reduce risks of extreme hazard events to people, buildings and its contents

4Hybrid protection structures

Combining nature and engineering based solutions in the design of coastal defenses against sea level rise and storm surges

4

5Climate proofing transportation networks

Road and bridge design to ensure uninterrupted access to all functional areas of the City

Planning road network to facilitate emergency evacuation and response

5

55

5

6Resilient Riverside Development

Treating rivers as integral part of the urban landscape and developing the area that can wiuthstand extreme hazard events

6

2

2

2

2

Urban Coastal Areas

3

3

3

6Establishment of additionalpublic open parks and spaces

Enhance forest cover in upland areas to reduce runoff f in rivers and creeks during extreme rainfall events

Increase sinks for greenhouse gas sequestration

7Increase water absorption capacity of the urban landscape

Encourage the use of permeable surfaces to increase water absorption of the urban landscape to reduce surface run-off.

Establishment of water impoundment parks to temporary detain water during extreme rainfall events

9Mix-usedevelopment districts

Establishing mix-use development districts in areas towards the airport area and Barangay Taysan to accommodate future urban use area requirements

8Managing Rainwater and surface run-off

Harvesting rainwater to augment local water supply and reduce surface runoff during extreme rainfall events

Swales and water impoundment in agricultural areas to augment water needs for irrigation

10Hazard ResilientStructures

Develop regulations and incentive mechanisms to increase structural hazard resilience of buildings to awithsatnd storm surges, floods and sea level rise.

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

10

10

6

6

6

6

14Redirecting development in relatively safer areas

Mix-use development districts in the Legazpi City Domestic Airport area.

City extension in Barangay Tagas.

12Green and climate adaptive buildings

Implement regulations to promote resource efficient buildings through proper building orientation relative to sun path and wind patterns, Increasing solar reflectance of buildings and promote green and white roofing sty

13Low carbon mass transport systems

Upgrading the mass transit system of Legazpi-Daraga.

Recommission the PNR lines for mass transport.

11Promote pedestrian suitable sidewalks and non-motorized mobility

Redesigning sidewalks to enhance the pedestrian experience and promote non-motorized mobility within the city.

15Further research to build climate information for local decision making

Conducting flood modelling studies, storm surge modelling and sea level rise site downscaling to inform local decision making and statutory planning.

11

11

11

12

12

12

13

13

13

14

14

14

14

15

0 1,000 2,000500

Meters

Tibu River Basin

Macabalo River Basin

Yawa River Basin

ALBAY GULF

URBAN ADAPTATION STRATEGYFLOOD HAZARD

0 1,000 2,000500

Meters

ALBAY GULF

1 Increasing forest cover

Enhance forest cover in upland areas to reduce volume and delay surface runoff during extreme rainfall events

URBAN ADAPTATION STRATEGYFLOOD HAZARD (RIVER BASIN PERSPECTIVE)

2 Water impoundment/Earth dams

Swales and earth dams in agricultural areas to detain rainwater

3 Water impoundment Public Parks


4 Rainwater harvesting at the building level

Harvesting rainwater for non-potable domestic uses. Can also reduce demand on potable piped water.

6 Flood Resilient Building and site design

Designing sites and buildings that promotes structural resilience, safety of people and facilitates evacuation and rescue.

7 Reclaiming Wetlands

Utilizing wetlands as catchment of excess surface runoff and also to avoid future exposure of built spaces.

8 Legazpi-Daraga Policy Interfacing

Inter-city/municipality harmonization of urban design policies/regulations

5 Permeable urban landscape

Use of permeable tiles in the development of sidewalks, and open parking lots1

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0 1,000 2,000500

Meters

ALBAY GULF

1 Increasing forest cover

Enhance forest cover in upland areas to reduce volume and delay surface runoff during extreme rainfall events

URBAN ADAPTATION STRATEGYFLOOD HAZARD (RIVER BASIN PERSPECTIVE)

2 Water impoundment/Earth dams


3 Water impoundment Public Parks


4 Rainwater harvesting at the building level

Harvesting rainwater for non-potable domestic uses. Can also reduce demand on potable piped water.

6 Flood Resilient Building and site design

Designing sites and buildings that promotes structural resilience, safety of people and facilitates evacuation and rescue.

7 Reclaiming Wetlands

Utilizing wetlands as catchment of excess surface runoff and also to avoid future exposure of built spaces.

8 Legazpi-Daraga Policy Interfacing

Inter-city/municipality harmonization of urban design policies/regulations

5 Permeable urban landscape

Use of permeable tiles in the development of sidewalks, and open parking lots

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Urban Design Guide on Climate Resiliency

Redirecting urban developmentin relatively safer areas

Domestic Airport Mix-use district

Medium density mix use zones as alternative sites for residential and commercial urban uses

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Old Albay District Corridor

In-filling and densification to accommodate residential, commercial and institutional zones in the coastal CBD port.

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Uptown Legazpi City

New City Center that will accommodate the City and Regional Government Centers with adjacent mix use zones in anticipation of the new Bicol International Airport

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Existing GHG Sinks Planned GHG SINKS Greenhouse Gas Sinks (4,272 Hectares)

GREENHOUSE GAS SINKS

FOOD FOREST SYSTEMS

WINDROSE DATA: MONTHLY WIND PATTERNS WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED

June-Septem

ber

October-May

GROUND COVERAGEReducing urban heat stress through

increased site openness

Reduce ground coverage1.Encourage setbacks along narrow streets. Designate non-building areas to allow air

penetration. Reduce frontage areas of building to increase permeability.

1Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy

Business as usual Climate Resilient

GREENHOUSE GAS SINKSBUILDING DESIGNReducing Heat gain of concrete facades

Increase Solar Reflectance of concrete facades

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Green walls with passive rainwater irrigation system

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Green roof4

White roof3

GREENHOUSE GAS SINKSURBAN GREENING

LANDSCAPES AND STREETSCAES

Emphasis on increasing tree shading along pedestrian walkways and property frontages

Promote suitable walkways to encourage non-motorized mobility

Reduce heat gain of buildings due to increased frontage natural tree shading

Added benefit of carbon sequestration, and reduced electricity consumption of buildings for cooling

URBAN GREENING

LANDSCAPES AND STREETSCAES

Use of permeable surfaces to reduce thermal mass of streetscapes

Increase water absorption of landscapes especially during extreme rainfall events

Recharges ground water aquifers

Challenges: Formulating acceptable development regulations/restrictions rely heavily on Hydrologic modelling/technical studies which can then be presented to property owners.

• Streets oriented parallel to coast• Coastal easements converted into

roads• People lose relationship with the

coast because of improperly designed coastal road infrastructure

• Buildings built without side setbacks restricts wind flow.

• Pedestrian access limited by the lack of side setbacks

• Streets oriented parallel to coast• Coastal easements converted into

roads• People lose relationship with the

coast because of improperly designed coastal road infrastructure

• Buildings built with side setbacks allowing wind flow

• Pedestrians can walk through setbacks during evacuation.

• frontages can be renatured for additional protection from storm surges

• Streets oriented perpendicular to coast

• Coastal easements remain at its natural state

• Buildings with frontages and rear setbacks allow wind to flow

• Roads facilitates evacuation away from the coastal easements and frontages can be renatured for additional protection from storm surges

ALBAY GULF

Business as usual (R-3 Basic)

• Treating rivers and creeks as property rear.• 3-Meter mandatory easements turned into engineered structures for riverbank protection• Limited to no access among non-residents• Lot sizes are small, the tendency is to maximize the building footprint (50 sq.m) • Limited perpendicular routes for evacuation

Rivers and creeks as property frontage (R-2 Basic)

• Frontage setbacks can be imposed on top of the 3-Meter mandatory easement, similar to property along roads.

• Frontages will be considered public open access spaces.

• Lot sizes are large enough to allow the imposition of front side and rear setbacks (192 sq.m).

• Perpendicular routes for evacuation using setbacks is possible.

• 3-meter mandatory setback can be renatured for erosion control and stabilization using appropriate landscaping.

Rivers and creeks as property frontage(R-3 Basic)

• Frontage setbacks can be imposed on top of the 3-Meter mandatory easement, similar to property along roads.

• Frontages will be considered public open access spaces.

• Lot sizes are small, the tendency is to maximize the building footprint (50 sq.m).

• Limited perpendicular routes for evacuation• 3-meter mandatory setback can be renatured

for erosion control and stabilization using appropriate landscaping.

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Legazpi River/Creek Side

Legazpi River/Creek Side

City Government of LegazpiRepublic of the Philippines

https://legazpi.gov.ph

End of presentation

Climate Resilient Legazpi City

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