Cilicia: Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains

Yumurtalık Harbor Castle and Adakale in the background Tarsus Ulu CamiHomer Archaeologıcal Guıdes

ArykandaCevdet Bayburtluoğlu

(Turkish, English)

Carıan IasosF. Berti et al.

(Turkish, English)

Herakleıa am LatmosA. Peschlow-Bindokat

(Turkish, German)

OlymposYelda Olcay Uçkan et al.

(Turkish, English)

AmorıumChris & Mücahide Lightfoot

(Turkish, English)

Magnesıa Ad MaeandrumOrhan Bingöl

(Turkish, English, German)

PessınusInge Claerhout & John Devreker

(Turkish, English)

Elaıussa SebasteEugenia Equini Schneider

(Turkish, English)

MetropolısSerdar Aybek - Aygün Ekin Meriç - Ali Kazım Öz

(Turkish, English)

AssosNurettin Arslan - Beate Böhlendorf-Arslan

(Turkish, English)

CommageneMichael Blömer - Engelbert Winter

(Turkish, English)

Terrace House 2 ın EphesosSabine Ladstätter

(Turkish, English)

Ephesos: Tour through Terrace House 2Sabine Ladstätter

(Turkish, English)homerkitabevi

Homer Archaeologıcal Guıdes: 13

Our archaeological guides are written by well-known archaeolo-gists in the hope that they might evoke the spirit of these sites for anyone interested in the remains of Anatolian civilizations. Il-lustrated with beautiful photographs, equipped with helpful plans and drawings, they are essential resources for travelers in Turkey.

—————————————Cilicia played a very important role in the history of civilizations, with its extensive arable lands and its posi-tion as a bridge between Anatolia, Mesopotamia and the Eastern Mediterranean, connecting these areas by land, sea and rivers. At the same time, Cilicia created its very own culture, and its peoples carried this culture to other regions, founded independent states, and recorded their languages already in ancient times. It is one of the few regions where over the centuries great inventions were made and major developments occurred in religion, lit-erature, medicine, pharmacy, philosophy, magic and divi-nation.

The most important reason for writing this book is to in-troduce the archaeological and cultural heritage of Cilicia as well as its natural beauty in a convenient handbook, in both English and Turkish, while also summarizing recent developments in the region. It serves not only as a travel guide, but also presents spectacular images of the region. Several travel routes leading from west to east within the region are suggested. It is expected that especially tour-ism professionals will benefit from this publication.

Cılıcıa

Cılıcıa

Where C

ultures Meet in the Shad

ow of the

Taurus and A

manos M

ountainsK

. Serdar Girginer - S. H

aluk Uygur

ISBN 978-9944-483-59-9

ISBN: 978-9944483599

9 789944 483599Yeni Çarşı Caddesi, No: 12/A34433, Galatasaray - İstanbul

Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains

Cılıcıaan archaeological guide

K. Serdar Girginer - S. Haluk Uygur




Translated by Christopher Medwin Edens - Bakiye Yükmen-Edens

ISBN: 978-9944-483-59-9

CiliciaWhere Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains


Translated by Christopher Medwin Edens - Bakiye Yükmen-Edens

EditorNina Ergin

Book Design bySinan Turan

Prepared byHomer Kitabevi

Printed byAltan Basım San ve Tic. Ltd.100. Yıl Mah. Matbacılar Sitesi No: 222/A, Bağcılar/İstanbulCertificate No.: 11968

First Published 2014

© Homer Kitabevi ve Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.Certificate No.: 16972

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the authors or the publisher except in the context of reviews.

Homer Kitabevi ve Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.Yeni Çarşı Cad. No: 12/AGalatasaray 34433 İstanbul

Tel: (0212) 249 59 02 - 292 42 79Faks: (0212) 251 39 62e-mail: [email protected]

Karatepe, Late Hittite Period >

Cilicia: Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Why is Cilicia important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12The Importance of Tepebağ Höyük for Cilicia . . . . . . 13A Forest Paradise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Climate and High Pastures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Metallurgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Vital Sites of the Region: Natural Passages . . . . . . . . 22Sea and River Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Industries of Antiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Drugs, Ancient Pharmacopeia and Cosmetics . . . . . . 27Curative Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29An Important Regional Dynamic: Health Tourism . . . 30Where is Cilicia? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402nd Millennium BC Kizzuwatna and Iron Age Que and

Hilakku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Archaeological and Natural Properties of Rough Cilicia . 55

1st Tour: Mersin Anamur-Bozyazı-Aydıncık-Gülnar and the Surrounding Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Anemurium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Bozyazı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Aydıncık . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Gülnar (Ain Bazar/Anaypazarı) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Contents

Archaeological and Natural Heritage of Smooth Cilicia 129

3rd Tour: Mersin-Tarsus and Yenice . . . . . . . . . . 129Mersin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Tarsus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Yenice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

4th Tour: Adana and its Close Surroundings . . . . . 157a. Adana City Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160b. The Hittite Mountain Road (Adana-İmamoğlu, Kozan,

Feke, Saimbeyli, Tufanbeyli, Kayseri-Develi) . . . . . 198c. Adana Karaisalı, Pozantı (Podantos) and Aladağ

(Karsantı) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237d. Adana Karataş and Yumurtalık . . . . . . . . . . . . 250e. Eastern Cilicia (Adana and Osmaniye) . . . . . . . 263Tracing Lawazantiya, the lost sacred town of the

Hittites... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

2nd Tour: Mersin Taşucu-Silifke-Erdemli and the Surrounding Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Taşucu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Silifke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Selected Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Who is Who? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

5th Tour: To the Amuq Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

7

In Memory of Erdoğan Fikret GİRGİNER(15 March 1937 - 15 March 2009)

Preface

Kilikya Çukurova, written with our esteemed teacher Prof. Dr. Ahmet Ünal, was completed in 2005 and published two years later by Homer Publishing; this book is still widely used by those who want to research and learn about the re-gion. We prepared the present book for publica-tion based on the experience and knowledge we acquired thanks to Kilikya Çukurova. Of course, during the six years following the publication of the earlier book new information on the area has emerged, the most important of which comes from the Tatarlı Höyük excavations which began in 2007 based on the decision of the Council of Ministers.

The motivation for writing this book is that both its Turkish and English versions are readily portable, and that it addresses readers at all lev-els. This new book includes more background information, and it is arranged in the form of a tourist guide.

Our dear and esteemed friend Dr. S. Haluk Uygur, the second author of this publication, has traveled the region step by step for many years. As a professional photographer, he has

Preface

< Taşköprü (Stone Bridge) in the city of Adana

8

taken very beautiful images, and he has shared with his readers his experience and knowledge in many publications and various newspaper columns.

Thus, as a result of this experience and col-laboration, the idea was born of writing a pocket book with summary information accessible to all levels of readers and available in two languages. This book aims to explain new developments in the region in the spirit of a tour guide and to present Cilicia’s archaeological cultural heritage and natural beauty with attractive illustrations. The book proposes several tour itineraries, from west to east. One of the particular expectations from this publication is that the tourism com-munity will benefit from it.

We thank Osman Arık, the former director of İl Kültür ve Turizm who wished for this kind of work years ago, Betül Avunç who helped to move this work forward, Ayşen Boylu and Sinan Turan.

We express our gratitude to our rectors, deans and teachers, Prof. Dr. Alper Akınoğlu, Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kibar, Prof. Dr. Vedat Peştemalcı and Prof. Dr. Sadullah Sakallıoğlu, who for years encouraged our studies and generously offered their support in many ways.

We thank our travel companions Doç. Dr. M. Cihan Yavuz and Urban Planner Tevfik Yıldırım who always helped us with their studies on the subject of the brand value of Adana and the ad-vertisement of the region.

We give endless thanks to Öğr. Gör. Dr. Christopher Edens, of the Prehistory Section of the Archaeology Department at Çukurova

Cilicia: Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains

9

University, and to Dr. Bakiye Yükmen Edens for their valuable help in preparing the English translation of this book.

Lastly, we thank Arş. Gör. Özlem Oyman-Girginer for her multi-faceted help and support during the preparation of this publication, Arş. Gör. İlkay Aklan for preparing the maps, and our students Ebru İncaman, Seda Kara, and M. Furkan Tufan.

Asst. Prof. Dr. K. Serdar GirginerAdana, March 2013sergir@ç[email protected]

Dr. S. Haluk UygurAdana, March [email protected]

Preface

Yumurtalık Harbor Castle and Adakale in the background Tarsus Ulu CamiHomer Archaeologıcal Guıdes

ArykandaCevdet Bayburtluoğlu

(Turkish, English)

Carıan IasosF. Berti et al.

(Turkish, English)

Herakleıa am LatmosA. Peschlow-Bindokat

(Turkish, German)

OlymposYelda Olcay Uçkan et al.

(Turkish, English)

AmorıumChris & Mücahide Lightfoot

(Turkish, English)

Magnesıa Ad MaeandrumOrhan Bingöl

(Turkish, English, German)

PessınusInge Claerhout & John Devreker

(Turkish, English)

Elaıussa SebasteEugenia Equini Schneider

(Turkish, English)

MetropolısSerdar Aybek - Aygün Ekin Meriç - Ali Kazım Öz

(Turkish, English)

AssosNurettin Arslan - Beate Böhlendorf-Arslan

(Turkish, English)

CommageneMichael Blömer - Engelbert Winter

(Turkish, English)

Terrace House 2 ın EphesosSabine Ladstätter

(Turkish, English)

Ephesos: Tour through Terrace House 2Sabine Ladstätter

(Turkish, English)homerkitabevi

Homer Archaeologıcal Guıdes: 13

Our archaeological guides are written by well-known archaeolo-gists in the hope that they might evoke the spirit of these sites for anyone interested in the remains of Anatolian civilizations. Il-lustrated with beautiful photographs, equipped with helpful plans and drawings, they are essential resources for travelers in Turkey.

—————————————Cilicia played a very important role in the history of civilizations, with its extensive arable lands and its posi-tion as a bridge between Anatolia, Mesopotamia and the Eastern Mediterranean, connecting these areas by land, sea and rivers. At the same time, Cilicia created its very own culture, and its peoples carried this culture to other regions, founded independent states, and recorded their languages already in ancient times. It is one of the few regions where over the centuries great inventions were made and major developments occurred in religion, lit-erature, medicine, pharmacy, philosophy, magic and divi-nation.

The most important reason for writing this book is to in-troduce the archaeological and cultural heritage of Cilicia as well as its natural beauty in a convenient handbook, in both English and Turkish, while also summarizing recent developments in the region. It serves not only as a travel guide, but also presents spectacular images of the region. Several travel routes leading from west to east within the region are suggested. It is expected that especially tour-ism professionals will benefit from this publication.

Cılıcıa

Cılıcıa

Where C

ultures Meet in the Shad

ow of the

Taurus and A

manos M

ountainsK

. Serdar Girginer - S. H

aluk Uygur

ISBN 978-9944-483-59-9

ISBN: 978-9944483599

9 789944 483599Yeni Çarşı Caddesi, No: 12/A34433, Galatasaray - İstanbul




Cilicia: Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains

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Transcript of Cilicia: Where Cultures Meet in the Shadow of the Taurus and Amanos Mountains