Children's Illustrated Animal Atlas - Deva Medical Center

AnimalChildren’s Illustrated

ATLAS

S M I T H S O N I A N

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Author Jamie AmbroseEditor Olivia Stanford

Project editor Allison SingerProject art editor Hoa LucDesigner Rhea Gaughan

US Senior editor Shannon BeattyUS editor Jane Perlmutter

Map illustrator Jeongeun ParkCartography Ed Merritt, Simon Mumford

Illustrators Maltings Partnership, Molly Lattin, Bettina Myklebust Stovne, Oliver Magee

Additional design Lucy Sims, Yamini PanwarAssistant editor Prerna Grewal

Jacket coordinator Francesca YoungJacket designer Hoa Luc

Managing editor Laura GilbertManaging art editor Diane Peyton Jones

Pre-production producer Nikoleta ParasakiProducer Niamh Tierney

Art director Martin WilsonPublisher Sarah Larter

Publishing director Sophie Mitchell

First American Edition, 2017Published in the United States by DK Publishing345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014

Copyright © 2017 Dorling Kindersley Limited. DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC

17 18 19 20 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1001-298819-Aug/2017

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval

system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission

of the copyright owner.Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact:

DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 [email protected]

ISBN: 978-1-4654-6203-9

Printed and bound in Hong Kong

A WORLD OF IDEAS:SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW

4 How to use this book

6 The world

8 North America10 North American taiga

12 Great Plains

13 Eastern forests

14 Western deserts

16 Central America

17 Caribbean

18 Florida Everglades

20 South America22 Amazon rain forest

24 Andean mountains

26 Temperate pampas

28 Pantanal

29 Galápagos

30 Cerrado

32 Cordillera Blanca

34 Africa36 Sahara desert

38 Congo Basin

40 Southern savanna

Contents

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4 How to use this book

6 The world

8 North America10 North American taiga

12 Great Plains

13 Eastern forests

14 Western deserts

16 Central America

17 Caribbean

18 Florida Everglades

20 South America22 Amazon rain forest

24 Andean mountains

26 Temperate pampas

28 Pantanal

29 Galápagos

30 Cerrado

32 Cordillera Blanca

34 Africa36 Sahara desert

38 Congo Basin

40 Southern savanna

42 Kalahari desert

43 Madagascar

44 Kruger National Park

46 Europe48 Northern European taiga

50 British Isles

52 European forests

54 The Alps

55 European steppe

56 Mediterranean scrubland

58 Białowieża Forest

60 Asia 62 Russian taiga

64 Asian steppe

65 Central Asian deserts

66 Tibetan Plateau

68 East Asian forests

70 Arabian Peninsula

71 Indian forests

72 Southeast Asian rain forest

74 Gobi desert

76 Australasia

78 Australia

80 New Zealand

82 Great Barrier Reef

84 Antarctica

86 The Arctic

88 Oceans and seas

90 Atlas picture quiz

92 Glossary

93 Index

96 Credits

Contents

SmithsonianThis trademark is owned by the Smithsonian Institution and

is registered in the U.S Patent and Trademark Office.

Consultant Dr. Don E. Wilson, Curator Emeritus, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Smithsonian EnterprisesProduct Development Manager Kealy Gordon

Licensing Manager Ellen NanneyVice President, Consumer and Education Products Brigid Ferraro

Senior Vice President, Consumer and Education Products Carol LeBlancPresident Christopher A. Liedel

Established in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution—the world’s largest museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoological Park. The total number of objects, works of art, and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collection is

estimated at 154 million. The Smithsonian is a renowned research center, dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history.

US_002_003_Imprint_contents.indd 3 03/04/2017 15:45

4

How to use this bookAn atlas usually shows maps of different countries, but animals often live across borders. The maps in this book show many of the world’s different habitats, which is the environment where an animal lives, such as a desert. Some islands are also shown, since they have animals that are found nowhere else.

Compass The compass always points north (N) in line with the map. It also shows the direction of south (S), east (E), and west (W).

Capital A country’s capital city is marked with a red outline. Some countries have more than one capital city.

Scale The scale shows the size of the areas and the distances between different points on the map.

Bordering continents Around the edges of some maps you can see parts of bordering continents in a cream color.

Location The location box shows you where each area is found in relation to the land around it.

Habitat key Every map has a key that lists the types of habitats found in that area.

Continent mapsThe continent maps are colored to show the biomes found on each continent. A biome is a large area of one type of habitat, and the animals and plants in it. Photographs show some of the places in these biomes.

Independent states Small independent states, such as Monaco, are shown with a red border and a solid red dot, and the name is in capital letters.

Rivers Each country’s largest rivers are shown as continuous blue lines.

Animal pictures Pictures with descriptions pick out particular animals that live in an area.

56

M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

This pig is a farmed animal, but lives in open country, looking for mushrooms, roots, and acorns from cork oaks.

Iberian lynxJust 404 adult Iberian

lynxes are left in the wild, so this is the most

endangered cat on Earth—but the good

news is this figure is nearly twice the

number of wild lynxes alive a few years ago!

Iberian wolf

The Iberian lynx mostly hunts just one animal—the European rabbit.

S P A I N

N

SEW

Rome

LocationThis region includes the southern parts of Europe around the Mediterranean Sea, as well as islands like Crete that share a similar habitat.

HABITAT KEYScrublands

Wetlands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

Mediterranean house geckoThis little gecko is about 4 in (10 cm) long

and weighs about as much as a sugar cube. It is also called a “moon lizard” because it mostly comes out at night. It eats small cockroaches and moths.

European rabbitThe European rabbit is the ancestor of all pet rabbits in the world. Unlike its enemy, the Iberian lynx, the rabbit has been seen in yards and parks, and even in busy cities.

P O R T U G A L

F R A N C E

I T A L Y

C R O A T I A

B O S N I A & H E R Z E G O V I N A

M O N T E N E G R O

K O S O V O

A L B A N I A

M A C E D O N I A

G R E E C E

B U L G A R I A

R O M A N I A

S i c i l y

S ar d

i ni a

Co

rs

i ca

C r e t e

Lisbon

Madrid

Zagreb

S E R B I ASarajevo

Belgrade

Pristina

Skopje

Podgorica

Tirana

Athens

M a j o r c a

The hawk moth will return to a

nectar-rich flower day after day.

Mediterranean chameleonThis is one of only two chameleon species found in Europe. Its tongue is sticky to catch passing insects. It is also twice the length of its body!

Hummingbird hawk mothThis insect beats its wings so fast that they make a humming sound—just like the birds it’s named after. It feeds on nectar made by flowers like buddleia and honeysuckle.

57

This wolf is thinner and smaller than other European wolves. It hunts rabbits, deer, wild boar, birds, and fish.

Iberian pig

The sapphire-like blue spots on its body give this lizard its name. It is the largest lizard in Europe at about 231⁄2 in (60 cm) long.

Jeweled lizard

A type of wild goat, male Iberian ibexes have horns that grow up to 291⁄2 in (75 cm) long!

Iberian ibex

This centipede paralyzes its prey with a venomous bite and will give a human a painful nip too—so stay well away!

Mediterranean banded centipede

This frog is usually bright green or blue. It has suckers on its fingers and toes that let it climb with ease.

Mediterranean tree frog

The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests. When the cuckoo chick hatches, it pushes all the other eggs out—so the parent birds feed it instead!

Common cuckoo

The magpie is so smart that it can make and use tools. It eats insects and seeds, and will even steal other birds’ eggs.

Eurasian magpie

The cork oak is one of few trees that can grow new bark. The cork bark is harvested once every nine years to make bottle stoppers and other items. Cork oak

This plant-eating tortoise lives mostly in Greece, in thorny, rocky, scrubby areas.

Marginated tortoise

The golden jackal is found in many places,

including southeastern Europe, northern

Africa, and southern Asia.

Golden jackal

In addition to making other sounds, this pelican barks and hisses! When fishing, it fills up its beak with food to eat later.

Dalmatian pelican

A D R I A T I C S E A

Tagus

Ebro

P Y R E N E E S

Garonne

Rhö

ne


This monkey is found in Africa and on the island of Gibraltar, near Spain. It is the only wild monkey in Europe.

Barbary macaque

Mediterranean scrublandThe coastal areas around the Mediterranean Sea contain rocky hills and flat, shrub-filled plains. This rare habitat is found in only a few places on Earth. Plants here can survive wildfires, and animals have to deal with hot, dry weather.

VATICAN CITY

MONACO

A N D O R R A

SAN MARINO

M A L T A

9

North AmericaThis continent stretches from the icy Arctic down to the tropical Caribbean. It has a vast range of habitats, from snow-covered mountains to lush rain forests, and is home to millions of different animals—some large, some small, and all amazing.

HAWAII (UNITED STATES)

Western mountainsThe rocky peaks and thick coniferous forests in the mountains of western North America are filled

with wildlife. Wolves, deer, and grizzly bears roam freely here, while in the fjords (narrow

inlets), bald eagles hunt for salmon.California coast redwoodsThese redwood trees can grow more than 350 ft (107 m) high and live up to 2,000 years. Bears, owls, and other woodland creatures—including a banana slug—call them home.

Great PlainsWith thousands of miles of grassland, the dry Great Plains can appear empty. Look closer, though, and you’ll see big bison, as well as prairie dogs hiding in their secret world of underground burrows.

Central American rain forestRain forests are warm and green all year, and they are home to more than

half the world’s plants and animals. These colorful

scarlet macaws from Costa Rica perch high

in rain-forest trees.

NunavutNorthwest Territories

Yukon Territory

Alberta

Sask

atch

ewan Manitoba

British Columbia

Ontario

Québec

Prince Edward Island

Maine

Ohio

Michigan

Montana

Wyo

min

g

Colorado

New

Mex

ico

Arizona

UtahNevada

Idaho

Oregon

Washington

California

Iowa

Florida

Minnesota Wisconsin

New YorkMassachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Connecticut

Virginia

PennsylvaniaNew Jersey

Delaware

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Ala

bam

a

Mis

siss

ippi

KentuckyMissouri

Louisiana

ArkansasOklahoma

Kansas

Texas

Nebraska

South Dakota

North Dakota

Tennessee

MarylandWes

t Virg

inia

IndianaIllinois

Verm

ont

Nov

a Sc

otia

New Brunswick

PA

CI F

I C O

CE

AN

BELIZE

JAMAICACURACAO (NETHERLANDS)

ARUBA (NETHERLANDS)

CUBA

HAITI

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

MONTSERRAT (UNITED KINGDOM)

ST. KITTS & NEVIS

DOMINICAMARTINIQUE (FRANCE)

BARBADOS

ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

GRENADAST. LUCIA

US VIRGIN ISLANDS (UNITED STATES)

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

(UNITED KINGDOM) ANGUILLA (UNITED KINGDOM)BAHAMAS PUERTO RICO

(UNITED STATES)

BERMUDA (UNITED KINGDOM)

ALASKA (UNITED STATES)

G R E E N L A N D (DENMARK)

ST. PIERRE & MIQUELON (FRANCE)

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

NICARAGUA

PANAMACOSTA RICAEL SALV

ADOR

HONDURAS

A T L A N T I C O C E A N

C A R I B B E A N S E A

C A N A D A

U N I T E D S TAT E S O F A M E R I C A ( U S A )

ME

XI C

O

GUAT

EM

ALA

B

E R I N G S E A

A R C T I C O C E A N

GU

L F OF M E X I C O

BE

AU

F OR T S E A

Newfoundland & Labrador

Barrier islandsThese long, thin stretches of sand protect the mainland from powerful storms. The barrier islands off the Virginia and Maryland coasts are home to the wild Chincoteague Ponies of Chincoteague and Assateague islands.

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands

Temperate grasslands

Desert

Wetlands

Tundra

Ice

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

N

S

EW

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0

500 miles 1000 miles

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5

How to use this book

BordersBorders show how the Earth’s land is divided into countries.

Bordering continents Around the edges of some maps you can see parts of bordering continents in a cream color.

Feature habitatsThe feature spreads show a specific place and some of the animals that live there. In reality, not all the animals would be found together at the same time, since they are awake at different times of day, and would often avoid each other to prevent being eaten!

Continent mapsThe continent maps are colored to show the biomes found on each continent. A biome is a large area of one type of habitat, and the animals and plants in it. Photographs show some of the places in these biomes.

Disputed borders Some countries disagree about where the border between them should be. These borders are shown with a white dotted line.

Country borders The borders between countries are shown with a broken white line.

Continent borders A broken orange line shows where the border is between two continents.

HabitatsThese symbols show the different types of habitat on each map.

Hot desert Hot deserts, such as the Sahara, are dry, sandy areas. Few plants grow here.

Cold desert Cold deserts, such as the Gobi, are cold, dry stretches of land.

Snow and ice Frozen areas are found high up in the mountains and at the North and South Poles.

Mountains High, rugged mountainous areas are often covered with snow.

Oceans and seas Huge stretches of water are found around the Earth’s seven continents.

Tropical forests Rain forests, such as the Amazon, get a lot of rain and heat so the trees grow very tall.

Deciduous forests Trees in deciduous forests usually have broad leaves that are lost in the fall, or during the dry season.

Coniferous forests Trees in coniferous forests usually have needlelike leaves that are kept all year round.

Mangroves Mangrove trees grow on coasts in salty water. Their long roots stick out of the water.

Coral reefs Coral reefs grow in shallow waters. They are built by coral animals.

Scrublands Low-lying plants and grasses grow in scrubland areas with small trees, such as in southern Spain.

Wetlands Wetlands are marshy, swampy areas, such as the Pantanal in Brazil.

Temperate grasslands Flat, grassy plains with few trees found in seasonal areas are temperate grasslands, such as prairie, steppe, and pampas. Tropical grasslands Flat, grassy plains with few trees found in hot areas are tropical grasslands, such as savanna and cerrado.

56








Iberian wolf


S P A I N

N

SEW

Rome



Wetlands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles




P O R T U G A L

F R A N C E

I T A L Y

C R O A T I A


M O N T E N E G R O

K O S O V O

A L B A N I A

M A C E D O N I A

G R E E C E

B U L G A R I A

R O M A N I A

S i c i l y

S ar d

i ni a

Co

rs

i ca

C r e t e

Lisbon

Madrid

Zagreb

S E R B I ASarajevo

Belgrade

Pristina

Skopje

Podgorica

Tirana

Athens

M a j o r c a





57


Iberian pig


Jeweled lizard


Iberian ibex






Common cuckoo


Magpie



Marginated tortoise




Golden jackal


Dalmatian pelican


Tagus

Ebro

P Y R E N E E S

Garonne

Rhö

ne



Barbary macaque


VATICAN CITY

MONACO

A N D O R R A

SAN MARINO

9












Yukon Territory

Alberta

Sask

atch

ewan Manitoba

British Columbia

Ontario

Québec


Maine

Ohio

Michigan

Montana

Wyo

min

g

Colorado

New

Mex

ico

Arizona

UtahNevada

Idaho

Oregon

Washington

California

Iowa

Florida

Minnesota Wisconsin


New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Connecticut

Virginia


Delaware

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Ala

bam

a

Mis

siss

ippi

KentuckyMissouri

Louisiana

ArkansasOklahoma

Kansas

Texas

Nebraska

South Dakota

North Dakota

Tennessee

MarylandWes

t Virg

inia

IndianaIllinois

Verm

ont

Nov

a Sc

otia

New Brunswick

PA

CI F

I C O

CE

AN

BELIZE


ARUBA (NETHERLANDS)

CUBA

HAITI

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA


ST. KITTS & NEVIS


BARBADOS


TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

GRENADAST. LUCIA




(UNITED STATES)





DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

NICARAGUA


ADOR

HONDURAS



C A N A D A


ME

XI C

O

GUAT

EM

ALA

B

E R I N G S E A


GU

L F OF M E X I C O

BE

AU

F OR T S E A



Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands


Desert

Wetlands

Tundra

Ice

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

N

S

EW

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0

500 miles 1000 miles 82 83

Great Barrier ReefThe world’s largest chain of coral reefs, the Great Barrier Reef lies just off Australia’s northeastern coast. It’s so big that it can be seen from space, and it is home to more than 1,500 types of fish.

Blubber jellyfish Each of this creature’s eight stumpy arms has several mouths that move food to the animal’s stomach.

Sea slug Sea slugs eat corals, sea anemones, sponges, and fish eggs. Their bright colors warn predators away.

Blue starfish Tiny suckers, called tube feet, cover the underside of starfish and let them crawl over the reef.

Orange clown fish Clown fish have coats of slime that let them live in sea anemones without being stung.

Green sea turtle Green sea turtles are black when they hatch. They change color over the next 25 to 50 years.

Olive sea snake This snake breathes air, and it has a large lung that lets it swim for hours between breaths.

Regal tang Also called surgeonfish, tangs have a scalpel-like spine at the base of their tail on both sides.

Most sea creatures avoid sea anemones because they sting, but clown fish live among their tentacles for protection. In return, they bring the anemones food.

Starfish can regrow a damaged or lost arm. Some can even grow a whole new starfish from just part of an arm.

Giant clamThis clam is so big, it can no longer move. It lives attached

to the reef, where it sucks in plankton to eat with a tubelike

organ called a siphon.

Peacock mantis shrimpOnly 1–7 in (3–18 cm) long, this shrimp is deadly. Its clublike arms can punch hard enough to break the shells of crabs—and even aquarium glass!

Location The Great Barrier Reef

runs for 1,429 miles (2,300 km) off the

coast of the state of Queensland, Australia.

DugongThis slow-moving mammal eats nothing but plants. It pulls seagrass out by the roots with its flexible upper lip. Dugongs are also called “sea cows,” because they graze like cows.

CoralLiving corals are made up of tiny animals called coral polyps that catch bits of food with their tentacles. The polyps make hard cases from minerals to protect themselves, and these build up over many years into a reef.

The reef has many different types of coral. In addition to hard corals, which build the reef, there are also soft corals.

Potato cod The potato cod hunts fish, crabs, and crayfish. It’s so curious that it can annoy divers.

Blacktip reef shark This medium-sized shark loves the shallows. It can swim in water just 12 in (30 cm) deep.

Giant barrel sponge The barrel sponge is an animal that grows up to 6 ft (1.8 m) across—and it has no brain!

Dugongs can live for 70 years

or more in the wild.

The peacock mantis shrimp has the fastest punch in the animal world.

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6

The worldThe types of habitats found on each of the Earth’s seven continents depend on the usual weather, or climate, of an area. Five invisible lines divide the world into three climatic zones: the tropical zone is hot, the temperate zones are seasonal, and the polar zones are cold.

N O R T H A M E R I C A

S O U T H A M E R I C A

A F R I C A

A N T A R C T I C A

E U R O P E




P A C I F I C O C E A N

S O U T H E R N O C E A NAntarctic Circle The Antarctic Circle shows where the temperate zone ends and the cold southern polar region begins.

Tropic of Capricorn This line marks the southern limit of the tropics. Below this is the Southern Hemisphere’s temperate zone.

Equator This is an imaginary line that goes around the middle of the Earth, dividing it into two halves, called the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Tropic of Cancer This line marks the northern limit of the tropics. Above this is the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate zone.

Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle shows where the temperate zone ends and the cold northern polar region begins.

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7

A S I A

A U S T R A L A S I A

A F R I C A

A N T A R C T I C A

E U R O P E


I N D I A N O C E A N


S O U T H E R N O C E A N

Polar zone

Temperate zone

Tropical zone The area between the tropics, around the equator, is very hot. Most rain forests are found in this zone.

Temperate zone Both temperate zones have warm summers and cold winters. Forests in the temperate zone often lose their leaves in the fall or during the dry season.

Polar zone Inside the polar circles, around the North and South Poles, it is dry and very cold.

US_006_007_Map_of_the_world.indd 7 31/03/2017 14:51








Yukon Territory

Alberta

Sask

atch

ewan

British Columbia

Montana

Wyo

min

g

Colorado

New

Mex

ico

Arizona

UtahNevada

Idaho

Oregon

Washington

California

Nebraska

South Dakota

North Dakota

PA

CI F

I C O

CE

AN


C A N A D A


ME

XI C

O

B

E R I N G S E A


BE

AU

F OR T S E A

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands


Desert

Wetlands

Tundra

Ice

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

N

S

EW

US_008_009_North_America_opener.indd 8 31/03/2017 14:47

9






Alberta

Sask

atch

ewan Manitoba

Ontario

Québec


Maine

Ohio

Michigan

Montana

Wyo

min

g

Colorado

New

Mex

ico

Arizona

Utah

Idaho

IowaFlorida

Minnesota Wisconsin


New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Connecticut

Virginia


Delaware

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Ala

bam

a

Mis

siss

ippi

KentuckyMissouri

Louisiana

ArkansasOklahoma

Kansas

Texas

Nebraska

South Dakota

North Dakota

Tennessee

MarylandWes

t Virg

inia

IndianaIllinois

Verm

ont

Nov

a Sc

otia

New Brunswick

BELIZE


ARUBA (NETHERLANDS)

CUBA

HAITI

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA


ST. KITTS & NEVIS


BARBADOS


TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

GRENADAST. LUCIA




(UNITED STATES)




DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

NICARAGUA


ADOR

HONDURAS



C A N A D A


ME

XI C

O

GUAT

EM

ALA


GU

L F OF M E X I C O

BE

AU

F OR T S E A



SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


US_008_009_North_America_opener.indd 9 31/03/2017 14:47

LocationMost of northern North America is taiga. Summer temperatures reach only 50˚ F (10˚ C), and there’s lots of snow in the winter.

Sea otter

This flat-tailed mammal fells trees with its teeth. It uses the logs to build dams across rivers, and lodges to live in.

Sea otters are found in shallow waters. Their thick fur keeps them warm in the ocean.

A l a s k a ( U S A )

C A N A D A

B E A U F O

RT

SE

A

P A C I F I C O C E A

N


Arctic Circle

Great Bear Lake

Great Slave Lake

Pelly Yukon

Mackenzie

RO

CK

Y M

OU

NT

AI N

S

CO

AS

T M

OU

NT

AI N

S

Salmonberry

Related to raspberries, this wild berry is eaten by many animals, including birds, bears—and people!

Sockeye salmon

Salmon in the ocean return to the freshwater streams they hatched in when it is time to lay their own eggs.

Leatherback turtle

The largest sea turtle in the world swims long distances across the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans.

Grizzly bear

These large brown bears use their powerful jaws to snap up salmon in rivers and streams.

American badger

With big front feet and long claws, this animal digs burrows up to 32 ft (10 m) long.

North American taigaTaiga areas are made of coniferous, or evergreen, forests that grow in some of the northernmost parts of the world. Grizzly bears and gray wolves live in the vast taiga of North America, which stretches across Canada, the world’s second-largest country, and Alaska, the largest state in the US.

N

S

E

W

HABITAT KEYTemperate grasslands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

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11

Snow geeseFlocks of snow geese turn

fields white when they land. These noisy birds

live in cold areas, but fly south in large groups

during the winter.

Snow geese fly south for the winter.

Moose

North American

beaver

A moose can weigh as much as a car! It can also trot at a steady pace of 20 mph (32 kph).

This flat-tailed mammal fells trees with its teeth. It uses the logs to build dams across rivers, and lodges to live in.

Gray wolfThe gray wolf is the largest wild member of the dog family. It can have black, white, tan, brown, or gray fur. It hunts in packs and eats animals from tiny mice to huge moose.

Great gray owlNorth America’s tallest owl has a wingspan of up to 5 ft (1.5 m). It listens

for rodents moving under the snow, then snatches them up.

C A N A D A

H U D S O N B A Y

U S A

AT

LA

NT

I C

OC

EA

N

Great Slave Lake

Lake Superior Lake

Huron

Lake

Erie

Lake Winnipeg

GU

LF

OF

ST

LA

WR

EN

C

E

Pacific loon

The loon’s legs are made for swimming, not walking— so when it wants to fly, it can only take off from water.

Canada goose

These geese are found all over the world. They have a loud honk and fly in a V-shaped formation.

Firefly

Both male and female fireflies flash yellow, green, or orange light using special organs in their tails.

Ottawa

Monarch butterfly

Each winter, millions of monarchs migrate from northern North America to Mexico.

Lake Michigan

Lake

O

ntario

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

US_010_011_American_Taiga.indd 11 02/06/2017 13:27

Male prairie chickens inflate their orange neck sacs and raise their feathers to attract females.

Prairie rattlesnakeThough it is venomous, the prairie rattlesnake would rather flee than fight. It rattles its tail rings, making a sound that warns, “Stay away!”

American bison

A coyote howls to alert others.

LocationThe Great Plains stretch from the Rocky Mountains east to the Mississippi River, and from southern Canada to as far south as Texas.

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

CoyoteWith excellent eyesight and hearing, and a good sense of smell, coyotes make great hunters. They howl to claim their territory and to tell other coyotes where they are.

Black-tailed prairie dog

These grass-eating rodents live in underground

prairie-dog towns. They greet family with a kiss, and have

different warning calls for different predators.

White-tailed jackrabbit

Often called “buffalo,” these shaggy plant eaters are North America’s biggest mammal and heaviest animal.

Greater prairie chicken

This large hare changes from brown to white in winter, but its tail stays white all year.

Swift fox

This shrub’s flower spikes provide food for mammals and nectar for insects.

Prairie shoestring

This cat-sized orange fox lives up to its name. It is a swift nighttime hunter that can run 30 mph (48 kph).

Pronghorn

This deerlike antelope can see predators from almost 4 miles (6 km) away, and can run for amazing distances.

Bald eagle

The national symbol of the United States, this powerful bird eats mostly fish and water birds.

Only male deer grow antlers. White-tails often escape predators by swimming across lakes or rivers.

Lake Superior

Colo

rado

Arkansas

Missouri

Great PlainsThe Great Plains are in the center of North America. Made of high prairie about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) long, they were once home to thousands of bison and antelope. Today farmland has taken over much of the area, and mostly cattle herds wander the plains—but wildlife has found ways to survive.


Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Mountains

Cold desert

Hot desert

Mississippi

N

S

EW

US_012_013_Great_plains_Eastern_Forests.indd 12 18/04/2017 17:43

13

Washington, D.C.

Black-tailed prairie dog

These grass-eating rodents live in underground

prairie-dog towns. They greet family with a kiss, and have

different warning calls for different predators.

This shrub’s flower spikes provide food for mammals and nectar for insects.

American black bearGood swimmers and climbers, black bears feast on fruits, nuts, and roots, and sometimes ants and grubs. There are twice as many of them in the world as there are all other bear species combined.

Despite their name, gray squirrels can also have white or reddish fur.

Gray foxAs big as a medium-sized dog, gray foxes live in broad-leaved forests. They make their dens in hollow trees, and

both parents care for the cubs.

Gray squirrelDouble-jointed ankles help gray squirrels scamper up and down trees. Their teeth never stop growing, so they have to wear them down on nuts and tree bark.

LocationMost of the continent’s eastern forests stretch from the Mississippi River Valley eastward, all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.

Lake

Mic

higa

n

Lake Superior

Ohi

o

Raccoons are highly intelligent. They can live in towns or the country and will eat almost anything!

Northern raccoon

White-tailed deer

Only male deer grow antlers. White-tails often escape predators by swimming across lakes or rivers.

Striped skunk

If threatened, the skunk sprays a horrible- smelling musk from glands under its tail.

Northern cardinal

This is North America’s only marsupial. It can outsmart danger by playing dead for up to four hours.

Virginia opossum

Great horned owl

Sugar maple

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

This bright-red bird can sing more than 24 songs. When courting, males offer females the best seeds.

Sugar maples provide sap for maple syrup. Their leaves turn orange-gold and red in the fall.

Lake Superior

Mis

siss

ippi

Eastern forestsDeciduous and coniferous forests cover eastern North America. There are mountains and river valleys here, too. Animals have to be smart to survive in areas densely populated with humans.

HABITAT KEYMountains

Cold desert

Hot desert

N

S

EW

This large owl’s feathery “horns” look like ears, but its real ears are much farther down on its skull.

A T L A NT I C

O C E A N


Tropical grasslands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

US_012_013_Great_plains_Eastern_Forests.indd 13 31/03/2017 14:47

14

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US_014_015_Western_deserts.indd 14 31/03/2017 14:47

15

Moh

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dese

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S I E R R A M A D R E O C C I D E N T A L

S I E R R A M A D R E O R I E N T A L

Ring

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US_014_015_Western_deserts.indd 15 31/03/2017 14:47

LocationCentral America connects North and South America. Its tropical climate is ideal for plants and the animals that depend on them.

Central AmericaSeven countries make up the narrow strip of land that is Central America. More than 1,500 different species of birds live here, and many more animals find food and shelter in its warm rain forests.

G U A T E M A L A

H O N D U R A S

E L S A L V A D O R

N I C A R A G U A

C O S T A R I C A

P A N A M A

B E L I Z E

Guatemala City

San Salvador

Tegucigalpa

Managua

San José

Panama City

Resplendent quetzal These butterflies are

named for their long wing tips that look like swallows’ tails.

Bronzy hermit hummingbird

This monkey swings through the rain forest and can hang from branches by its tail.

A male quetzal’s twin tail feathers are more than twice as long as its body.

Mexican kite swallowtail

butterfly

The tayra hunts small monkeys, rodents, and birds, but it also eats fruit and honey. Tayra

Sticky finger pads help this little frog cling to twigs and branches.

Red-eyed tree frog

Geoffroy’s spider

monkey

This tiny bird’s long, curved bill lets it sip nectar from inside rain-forest flowers.

It may look more like a pig, but the tapir is related to horses.

Baird’s tapir

OcelotThis fast cat’s super sight and hearing help it hunt rabbits and other small animals at night. During the day it rests in the trees, where its markings blend in among the leaves.

Hoffmann’s two-toed slothTwo long claws on its front legs

let this slow-moving sloth get around the rain forest. It spends almost its entire life upside down!


CaribbeanThere are more than 7,000 small islands in the Caribbean Sea. Not many mammals live here, but with its rocky areas, beaches, and about nine percent of the world’s coral reefs, it is the perfect home for all kinds of reptiles, birds, and fish.

HABITAT KEYMangroves

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 milesCA

RI B

B

E AN

S E A

N

SE

W

US_016_017_Central_america_Caribbean.indd 16 31/03/2017 14:47

17

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Mountains

Tropical forests

Mangroves

Magnificent frigate birdThese birds are skilled flyers, known for swooping in and stealing another bird’s prey. Male frigate birds inflate their red throat sacs to impress females.

A male frigate bird attracts a mate.

N

SE

W

LocationThe Caribbean lies east of Central America, between North and South America. The area has warm waters and a tropical climate.

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Blue marlin

The blue marlin stabs the fish it wants to eat with its spearlike snout.

B A H A M A S

D O M I N I C A N R E P U B L I C

T R I N I D A D A N D T O B A G O

J A M A I C A H A I T I

C U B A

G r e a t e r A n t i l l e s

L e s s e r A n t i ll

es

Havana

Port-au-Prince

Santo Domingo

Kingston

Port-of-Spain

U S A

Cuban crocodileThis critically endangered croc is found only in Cuba, in just two swamps. Turtles are one of its favorite foods, since its blunt back teeth are ideal for crushing their shells.

C

AR I B B E A N S E A

Nassau

Feral pig

Only wild pigs live on the tiny island of Big Major Cay. They swim out to greet visitors!

Jamaican hutia

Jamaica’s only native land mammal, the shy hutia eats fruit, shoots, and bark.

Hispaniolan solenodon

The solenodon’s long nose helps it find food. It stuns its insect and lizard prey with venom.

Atlantic batfish

This flat fish uses its stiff fins as legs to “walk” along the ocean floor.

Common vampire bat

Vampire bats drink other animals’ blood. Their saliva has a special chemical that keeps the blood flowing.

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

Cuban trogon

Cuba’s national bird is also called the tocororo, after the sound it makes.

CaribbeanThere are more than 7,000 small islands in the Caribbean Sea. Not many mammals live here, but with its rocky areas, beaches, and about nine percent of the world’s coral reefs, it is the perfect home for all kinds of reptiles, birds, and fish.

P u e r t o R i c o

HABITAT KEY

SCALE

100 kilometers

CA

RI B

B

E AN

S E A

US_016_017_Central_america_Caribbean.indd 17 18/04/2017 17:43

18

Florida EvergladesThe Everglades, North America’s largest subtropical wetland, is really a big, slow-moving river. The area is half its original size due to humans sending its water to farms and cities. However, it is still home to 350 bird species, and reptiles such as alligators and crocodiles.

American alligator The Everglades is the only place in the wild where alligators and crocodiles live together.

Common snapping turtleAlthough it has no teeth, this turtle’s strong, bony beak and jaws can bite and kill birds, fish, and small mammals. It is also known to bite the heads off other turtles that come too close. No wonder most animals, including humans, know to leave it alone!

Everglades rat snakeThis long snake both swims and can climb trees. Rats are on its menu, but it also eats frogs, squirrels, and birds and their eggs.

Around 300 fish species are found in the waters of the Everglades, ranging from tiny pygmy sunfish to barracudas that can grow up to 6 ft (2 m) long.

An alligator’s teeth are hidden from sight when its mouth is closed— unlike a crocodile’s, which are always visible.

Great blue heron North America’s largest heron is a slow smover, but it strikes fast to catch fish in mid-swim.

A rat snake shows off its forked tongue.

Anhinga This bird hunts underwater. It acts like a spear-fisherman, stabbing fish with its long, sharp bill.

US_018-019_The_Everglades.indd 18 31/03/2017 14:47

19

Purple gallinule This duck-sized bird has long toes that allow it to walk on lily pads without sinking.

Green tree frogDepending on its mood, this little frog is either bright green or dull khaki in color. It

inflates its vocal sac and screams if picked up—which can save its life, since the scream

makes a lot of predators drop it in surprise!

Everglades snail kite This bird of prey eats apple snails. It uses its curved bill to pull the snails out of their shells.

Florida panther These panthers are critically endangered. Fewer than 100 are left in the wild, since so many have been hunted.

Golden silk orb weaverFemale orb weavers can grow up to 3 in (8 cm) long. Their silk is gold in color, and it is stronger than the material used in bulletproof vests!

An orb weaver sits in wait on its web.

Location The Everglades stretches across the southern tip of Florida. During its rainy season, this area gets twice as much rain as other places in the US.

US_018-019_The_Everglades.indd 19 31/03/2017 14:47

20

South AmericaEarth’s fourth-largest continent lies mostly in the southern half of the world. It has tropical rain forests, dry deserts, grassy plains, and high, snowy mountains. The many different habitats means that a variety of amazing animals can make South America their home.

URUGUAY

GU

YA

NA

C O L O M B I A

V E N E Z U E L A

BO

L I V I A

PE

RU

GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS (ECUADOR)

FALKLAND ISLANDS (UNITED KINGDOM)

Amazon rain forestThe winding Amazon River flows through the enormous rain forest that shares its name. In addition to producing a fifth of the planet’s oxygen, this rain forest is home to an astonishing amount of plants, mammals, birds, and fish.

PantanalThe Pantanal is a wetland

wonderland. With flooded grasslands and tropical forests, it is home to thousands of birds, fish, and reptiles. Mammals also live here, such as the plant-eating capybara,

which hides from predators in the muddy waters.

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands


Deserts

Wetlands

Mountains

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

E C U A D O R

CH

IL

E

SURINAME

P AR

AG

UA

Y

AR

GE

NT

IN

A

N

S

EW


US_020_021_South_America_opener.indd 20 31/03/2017 14:47

21

URUGUAY

GU

YA

NA

B R A Z I L

V E N E Z U E L A

BO

L I V I A

FALKLAND ISLANDS (UNITED KINGDOM)

FRENCH GUIANA (FRANCE)


PampasIts acres of grassland mean the pampas attracts a lot of wildlife, particularly birds. Some, like the flightless Darwin’s rhea, graze on plants. It also eats frogs and insects that might be hiding in the grass.

Patagonian steppeShared between Argentina and southern Chile, the warm, dry Patagonian steppe is filled with shrubs as well as grasses. It makes a good home for mammals, ranging from tiny rodents to foxes and mountain lions.

AndesAlthough parts are warm with plenty of plants, the Andean mountains are mostly full of high, rugged places. Animals need to be tough and adaptable to live here. Flamingos, for example, can manage to find food in even the saltiest lakes.

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


SURINAME

P AR

AG

UA

Y

AR

GE

NT

IN

A

US_020_021_South_America_opener.indd 21 31/03/2017 14:47

22

Amazon rain forestThe Amazon is the Earth’s largest tropical rain forest, and it surrounds one of the world’s largest rivers—the Amazon River. Lots of species live here, including more than 430 mammals, 1,300 birds, 3,000 fish, 870 reptiles and amphibians, and 2.5 million insects!

Yellow-banded poison dart frogThis frog’s bright-yellow color tells predators to keep away. It is a serious warning, since its skin gives off toxic chemicals that can kill other animals.

Pink river dolphin

Orinoco

Mad

eira

V E N E Z U E L A

C O L O M B I A

E C U A D O R

P E R U

G U Y A N A

B O L I V I A

P A R A G U A Y

AN

DE

S

GU

IA

NA

HI G

HL

AN

DS

Caracas

Bogotá

Quito

La Paz

Lima

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Tropical grasslands

Mountains

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Mangroves

PA

CI F

I C O

CE

AN

A young collared anteater rides on

its mother’s back.

Collared anteaterThis tree-climbing anteater doesn’t have any teeth. Instead it slurps up ants and termites with a tongue that can be 16 in (40 cm) long!

Emperor tamarin Blue

morpho

Also called botos, these rare dolphins hunt catfish in the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers.

Related to raccoons, coatis travel in groups of up to 65 individuals.

Just 9–10 in (23–26 cm) long, this little primate eats mostly fruit, insects, and plants.

This giant blue butterfly has a wingspan of 5–8 in (13–20 cm).

One of the largest beetles in the world, the Hercules can get up to 7 in (18 cm) long. Hercules

beetle

This tree can grow 13 ft (4 m) a year. It is pollinated by rain-forest bats.

Kapok tree

N

S

EWSucre

US_022_023_Amazon_rainforest.indd 22 31/03/2017 14:48

23

Red howler monkeyRed howlers live up to their name. They are the loudest animals on land, and their howls can be heard 3 miles (5 km) away!

JaguarJaguars are so good at hiding that scientists don’t know how many exist in the wild. They are found throughout

Central America and the northern

half of South America.

Red-bellied piranha

Electric eel

Tocos are the largest type of toucan. They use their big bills to pick and peel fruit.

Razor-sharp teeth make piranhas fierce-looking predators, but insects and fish are their usual foods.

Amazon

Mad

eira Tapa

jós

Ara

guai

a

Toca

ntin

sB R A Z I L

G U Y A N A

S U R I N A M E

F R E N C H G U I A N A

B O L I V I A

P A R A G U A Y

GU

IA

NA

HI G

HL

AN

DS

Georgetown

Paramaribo

Cayenne

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

LocationMost of the Amazon is found in Brazil, but it extends into eight other countries. It is very hot and wet—it rains more than 200 days a year here.

Red howler monkeys eat leaves and fruit.

Emerald tree boa

Baby emerald tree boas are red or orange. They change to green as they grow up.

Related to raccoons, coatis travel in groups of up to 65 individuals.

Ring-tailed coati Army ant

Army ants form “swarm raids” of over 200,000 individuals, which kill any creature that can’t move away.

Harpy eagle

Found from Mexico to the top of Argentina, the harpy eagle has talons longer than a grizzly bear’s claws.

Goliath birdeater

The heaviest spider in the world, this tarantula actually rarely eats birds. It prefers insects or earthworms.

This giant blue butterfly has a wingspan of 5–8 in (13–20 cm).

Brasília

Toco toucan

This long, snakelike fish has special organs that give an electric shock to prey.

AT

LA

NT

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OC

EA

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US_022_023_Amazon_rainforest.indd 23 23/05/2017 16:34

24

CO

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ake

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US_024_025_Andean_mountains.indd 24 18/04/2017 17:43

25

The

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the

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ld’s

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flyin

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rd. I

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up

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A N D E S

Loca

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ingo

US_024_025_Andean_mountains.indd 25 18/04/2017 17:43

26

The greater rhea can reach 41⁄2 ft (1.4 m) tall. It can’t fly, but it can run as fast as 37mph (60 kph).

CoypuSometimes mistaken for a beaver, the coypu is a water-loving rodent that can get up to 3 ft (1 m) long. Also called the “nutria,” it lives in riverside burrows and eats plants.

Greater rhea

Eyes high on its head allow the

coypu to see when it swims.

A R G E N T I N A

Argentine horned frogAt 51⁄2 in (14 cm) long and weighing up to 1 lb (480 g), the horned frog is big enough to eat lizards, mice, and even other horned frogs.

Desaguadero

The long, powerful legs of this large rodent allow it to run up to 30 mph (48 kph).

Patagonian mara

This medium-sized fox throws itself to the ground and plays dead if danger passes.

Pampas fox

This skunk uses its broad, fleshy nose to snuffle out beetles and spiders to eat.

Mollina’s hog-nosed skunk

This lizard gets up to 41⁄2 ft (1.4 m) long. During the day it hunts for snails, spiders, and insects.

Argentine black and white teju

Pampas grass

This bloodsucking bug feeds on rodents, marsupials, and even humans. It sometimes passes on a parasite that causes disease.

Assassin bug

Colorado

S I E R R A S DE

CÓ

RD

OB

AWith yellow, white, green, blue, red, and black feathers, this is one of the most colorful birds to live in the reedbeds of the pampas.

Related to polecats and wolverines, the feisty lesser grison is excellent at hunting rabbits.

Many-colored rush-tyrant

Lesser grison

Temperate pampasWith level plains as far as the eye can see, it’s no wonder native South Americans named this region pampas—meaning “flat surface.” This temperate grassland provides plenty of seeds for birds, insects, and small mammals to eat.

US_026_027_Temperate_Pampas.indd 26 31/03/2017 14:48

27

Montevideo

LocationThe pampas lies mostly in Argentina, stretching into Uruguay. Although it is warm and humid here, the summer dry season often brings wildfires.


Wetlands

Tropical grasslands

Mountains

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Burrowing owlThe burrowing owl usually lives

in abandoned burrows dug by other animals. It piles

mammal dung around the entrance to attract dung

beetles, which are one of its favorite foods.

U R U G U A Y

Buenos Aires

This lizard gets up to 41⁄2 ft (1.4 m) long. During the day it hunts for snails, spiders, and insects.

About the size of a domestic cat, Geoffroy’s cat hunts for rodents and birds, as well as frogs and fish.

Geoffroy’s catPampas grass can grow up to 81⁄2 ft (2.6 m) tall! The “plumes” on top are its flowers.

Pampas grass Millions of these deer once roamed the pampas, but today they have to compete with cattle and humans for space. Pampas deer

This large rodent has thick, soft fur. Several live together in enormous underground burrows.

Plains vizcachas

Assassin bug

The male pampas meadowlark’s chest is brightly colored.

Pampas meadowlarkThis endangered pampas bird likes to nest on the ground in groups. More than 60 nests have been found in one area, all clustered together.

AT

LA

NT I C

OC

E

AN

Para

náSala

do

R Í O DE L

A

P L A T A

N

SEW

Related to polecats and wolverines, the feisty lesser grison is excellent at hunting rabbits.

The kingfisher plunges headfirst into streams and rivers to catch small fish.

Amazon kingfisher

Lesser grison

US_026_027_Temperate_Pampas.indd 27 31/03/2017 14:48

Jabiru storkThe jabiru is the tallest flying bird in South and Central America, and can grow to over 3 ft (1 m) high. It grabs fish, frogs, and insects with its enormous bill.

Green anaconda

A jabiru stork wades through the Pantanal.

B O L I V I A

LocationThe Pantanal lies south of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. It gets so much rain that 80 percent of it is flooded during the rainy season.

HABITAT KEYTropical grasslands

Wetlands

Deciduous forests

SCALE

50 kilometers

0

0

50 miles

Yacare caimanCaiman look like their alligator relatives, but have a pointier snout. The yacare gets up to 10 ft (3 m) long. Its favorite food is the piranha, but it also eats apple snails.

Giant otterFound only in South American rivers

and rain forests, giant otters get up to 41⁄2 ft (1.4 m) long.

They eat fish, crabs, and even small caimans!

P A R A G U A Y

B R A Z I L

About as big as a medium-sized dog, the capybara is the world’s largest rodent.

Capybara

Para

guay

Hooded capuchin

Channeled apple snail

Giant water lily

Marsh deer

This clever monkey uses rocks to crack nuts and crush crab shells to get at the food inside.

The marsh deer has broad hooves that spread out to prevent them from sinking in marshy ground.

Anacondas live in and out of water. They can be up to 291⁄2 ft (9 m) long, but hide among water plants to surprise prey.

This wetland plant’s leaves can grow to 8 ft (2.5 m) across, and can hold an animal weighing up to 45 lb (20.5 kg)!

This big freshwater snail grows up to 6 in (15 cm) long! It only comes out of the water at night to find food.

The roseate spoonbill sweeps its spoon-shaped bill from side to side to scoop up minnows— tiny freshwater fish.

Roseate spoonbill

PantanalThe Pantanal is the world’s largest wetland, which means a lot of it is underwater for much of the year. The 3,500 different plant species that grow here make it an ideal home for lots of birds and mammals, including the capybara, which is a giant relative of the guinea pig.

N

S

EW

US_028_029_Pantanal_Galapagos.indd 28 18/04/2017 18:23

29

A jabiru stork wades through the Pantanal.

Marine iguanaMarine iguanas are the only lizards to swim in the ocean, where they look for seaweed to eat. Special glands clean salt from their blood, which they sneeze out!

Sally Lightfoot crabThis bright-red crab earned its

name by scuttling around at high speeds. It hides from

birds by squeezing into tiny spaces

between rocks.

LocationThe Galápagos islands cluster around the equator in the Pacific Ocean. They have two seasons—a cool, dry season and a warm season.

SCALE

25 kilometers

0

0

25 miles

A marine iguana grazes on seaweed.

More lava lizards live in the Galápagos than any other reptile. They warm themselves on sunny rocks.

Galápagos lava lizard

Galápagos penguin

This little penguin lives farther north than any other penguin species.

Galápagos sea lion

This sea lion can move its back flippers independently, so it can “gallop” on land.

Galápagos tortoise

This tortoise can grow up to 5 ft (1.5 m) long and weigh up to 500 lb (227 kg). Some of them are over 100 years old!

I s a b e l a I s l a n d

Fe

rn

a

n d i n a I s l a n d

D

a r wi n I s l a n d


Sa

n C

r i s t ó b a l

I s l a n d

Blue-footed booby

Bright-blue feet make this bird easy to spot. Female boobies have darker-blue feet than males.

Sa

n S a l v a d o r I s l a n d

Sa

nt a

C r u z I s l a n d

Wo l f I s l a n d

S a n t a M a r í a

I s l a n dE s p a ñ o l aI s l a n d

Although it can’t fly, this cormorant is a powerful swimmer and hunts eels and octopuses on the ocean floor.

The Galápagos hawk is very rare. It mostly eats giant centipedes, but also catches rodents and young iguanas.

Galápagos hawk

Flightless cormorant

I s l a n d

M a r c h e n a

GalapagosThe Galápagos are a group of volcanic islands that lie about 621 miles (1,000 km) off the coast of Ecuador. There are several larger islands and many more smaller ones. Three major ocean currents meet here, bringing in lots of different sea animals.

N

S

EW

US_028_029_Pantanal_Galapagos.indd 29 31/03/2017 14:48

30

Often called “a fox on stilts,” the maned wolf’s long legs help it to see over the tall Cerrado grass.

Maned wolf

B R A Z I L

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Tropical grasslands

Mountains

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

Leaf-cutting antsThese ants “saw” leaves into pieces with their jaws. They carry the bits back to their underground home, where a fungus grows on them, which the ants harvest and eat.

P A R A G U A Y

B O L I V I A

Para

ná

Tapa

jós X

ingu

Both male and female hyacinth macaws are bright blue.Hyacinth macawThe longest parrot on the planet, the hyacinth macaw can be 3 ft (1 m) long. Their large bills are able to crack even the hardest palm nuts.

The giant anteater uses its sticky tongue to lap up 35,000 ants and termites a day!

Giant anteater

Only the male helmeted manakin has this flashy red crest. The female is a plain gray- green bird. Helmeted

manakin

Found all over Central America and the north of South America, this lizard spends most of its life in trees, where it eats tender green leaves.

Green iguana

King vultures don’t have a great sense of smell. To make up for it, they follow other vultures to lead them to dead animals to eat.

King vulture

Although it has no legs, this isn’t a snake, but an amphibian that lives underground.

Boettger’s caecilian

N

S

EW

CerradoThe Cerrado is found almost entirely in Brazil. It is made up of mostly tropical grassland, but a few trees are mixed with it in places, and there are areas of dry forest, too. With more than 10,000 different plant species, the Cerrado offers plenty of food and shelter for lots of animals.

US_030_031_Cerrado.indd 30 31/03/2017 14:48

31

A T L A N T I C O C E A

N

TermitesTermites are ant-sized insects that build their own “cities.” These huge mounds get up to 30 in (77 cm) high. The mounds have underground chambers where workers store wood, care for eggs, and even grow fungal gardens for food!

This mound houses a termite colony.

LocationThe Cerrado lies in central Brazil. While it rains a lot here, the showers only fall during half the year, so it is dry for the other half.

HABITAT KEYTropical forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

B R A Z I L I AN

HI G

HL

AN

DS

Sobr

adin

ho dam

Brasília

Para

ná

Xin

gu

Helmeted manakin

Giant ameiva

Also called the racerunner, this lizard relies on speed to escape predators in the grasslands.

Jaguarundi

This cat can leap up to 61⁄2 ft (2 m) off the ground to catch birds.

Red-legged seriema

This bird can run at speeds of up to 25 mph (40 kph) for short distances—about as fast as a top sprinter.

The giant armadillo can grow to 3 ft (1 m) long. It rips open termite mounds with its front claws to reach the tasty insects inside.

Giant armadillo

This tiny frog puffs up the two “eyespots” above its back legs to scare away predators.

Cuyaba dwarf frog

This short-legged, stocky carnivore has webbed feet, which make it a good swimmer.

Bush dog

Just 31⁄2 in (9.5 m) long, this tiny opossum stores fat in its tail like a camel stores fat in its hump.

Karimi’s fat-tailed mouse opossum

São

Fran

cisc

o

Boettger’s caecilian

Soldier termites protect the mound with their huge jaws.

Worker termites are smaller than soldiers and don’t have large jaws.

Araguaia

Toca

nti n

s

US_030_031_Cerrado.indd 31 31/03/2017 14:48

Cordillera BlancaPart of the Andes, this is the largest tropical mountain range in the world. Peaks over 19,685 ft (6,000 m) high surround valleys filled with lakes and streams. There isn’t much oxygen at these heights, so it is hard to breathe, but the animals here manage surprisingly well.

32

TarucaYou can tell a taruca apart from other deer by the dark, Y-shaped mark on its face. It feeds on mountain grasses, and travels into valleys to find water.

Southern mountain vizcachaThe rabbitlike vizcacha spends a lot of time on rocky ledges, basking in the sun. It is covered in thick, soft fur all the way to the end of its curled tail.

The guanaco is the ancestor of domestic llamas. The closely related vicuña is the ancestor of domestic alpacas.

Andean condor Female condors produce just one egg every two years. It takes almost 60 days for the egg to hatch.

Guanaco The guanaco is a member of the camel family. Movable pads on its hooves help it walk over rocky ground.

Colocolo The colocolo is a nocturnal predator that hunts rodents, guinea pigs, and ground-nesting birds.

Andean goose The Andean goose lives in mountain wetlands, but it doesn’t swim well, so it avoids the water!

The colocolo resembles a house cat, but can be identified by the dark-colored bands and lines around its legs.

Vizcachas are related to chinchillas.

US_032-033_Cordillera_blanca.indd 32 31/03/2017 14:48

Mountain caracara This black-and-white bird of prey builds nests of sticks on cliff ledges in the high Andes.

33

Giant hummingbirdGiant hummingbirds get up to 8½ in (21.5 cm) long! They mostly feed on nectar from flowers, looking for the ones with the highest levels of energy-filled sugar. They also eat spiders and small insects.

Torrent duckNative to the Andes, the torrent duck plunges in and out of cold, fast-moving mountain streams to catch insect larvae to eat. Females, like this one, are

orange, but males are black and white.

The spectacled bear lives only in the Andean mountains.

Colocolo The colocolo is a nocturnal predator that hunts rodents, guinea pigs, and ground-nesting birds.

Culpeo The culpeo spends most of its time alone, but parents stay together to raise cubs in mountain dens.

Spectacled bear The spectacled bear eats fruit, flowers, and plants. It also hunts insects, rodents, and birds in grassland habitats.

Location The Cordillera Blanca is a chain of mountains in

northern Peru. Snow covers many of them,

and temperatures range from 37–73˚ F (3–23˚ C).

Giant hummingbirds are the biggest

hummingbirds in the world.

US_032-033_Cordillera_blanca.indd 33 31/03/2017 14:48

34

AfricaThis continent is so large and has so many different habitats, it feels as if there are several Africas, not just one. With deserts and rain forests, mountains and grasslands, Africa is home to some of the best-known—and most endangered—species on Earth.

South African fynbosThe southwest tip of South Africa is covered with shrubs and heathland known as fynbos. Animals such as tortoises, frogs, and small baboons live among the 9,000 plant species that grow here. That’s more plant species than in South America’s Amazon rain forest!

African savannaAfrica’s tropical grassland is known as savanna. It is often what people think of when they imagine Africa: vast, open, grassy plains. Lots of hoofed animals live here, moving around in search of fresh grass—or, in the giraffe’s case, tender acacia leaves to eat. N

S

EW

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands

Deserts

Wetlands

Mountains

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

A L G E R I A

N I G E R I A

MO

R OC

CO

N I G E R

M A L I

CH

AD

S O U T H

A F R I C A

AN

GO

LA

NA

MIB

IA

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

L I B Y A

C E N T R A L A F R I C A N

R E P U B L I C

G A B O N

BiocoG U L F O F G U I N E A


SENEGAL

THE GAMBIA

GUINEA-BISSAU

SIERRA LEONE

LIBERIA

BURKINA FASO

GH

AN

A

TO

GO

BE

NIN

IVORY COAST

TU

NIS

IA

GUINEA

WESTE

RN S

AHARA

CAPE VER

DE

Canary Is lands (SPAIN)

São Tomé & Pr ínc ipe

C O N GO

BOTSWA

NA

DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC

OF THE CONGO

MA

UR

I TA

NI A

CA

ME

R

OON


US_034_035_Africa_continent_opener.indd 34 31/03/2017 14:48

Sahara desertHuge, hot, and harsh, the Sahara at first seems too extreme a region for anything to survive. However, scorpions, snakes, rodents, lizards, and even foxes and hyenas make it their home. Camels also live here. They were brought to the desert around 200ce.

Ethiopian highlandsThis area is where most of Africa’s tallest mountains are. Since they’re so isolated, the highlands are a great place for birds and mammals, including the gelada, a type of monkey whose calls sound a lot like human speech.

Madagascar’s spiny forestsThese are some of Earth’s most amazing forests. They contain trees that are tall and thin with long, sharp spines for “branches,” and other trees that are short with lots of thick, spiky limbs. The spikes don’t stop lemurs from eating the trees’ fruits, though!

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


S U D A N

E G Y P T

E T H I O P I A

T A N Z A N I A

N I G E R I A

N I G E R

CH

AD

S O U T H S U D A N

K E N Y A

MA

DA

GA

SC

AR

S O U T H

A F R I C A

Z A M

BI A

AN

GO

LA

NA

MIB

IA

MO

ZA

MB

I QU

E

L I B Y A

LESOTHO

SWAZILAND

MA

LA

WI

RWANDA

BURUNDI

UGAN

DA

DJIBOUTI

ERITREA

C E N T R A L A F R I C A N

R E P U B L I C

G A B O N

MO

ZA

MB

I QU

E

CH

AN

NE

L

S

EY

CH

E L L E S


RE

D S

EA

C O N GO

BOTSWA

NA

ZIMBABWE

DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC

OF THE CONGO

CA

ME

R

OON


PembaZanzibar

COMOROS

Réunion (FRANCE)

SO

MA

LI A

MAURITIUS

US_034_035_Africa_continent_opener.indd 35 31/03/2017 14:48

AT

LA

NT

I C O

C E A N

Striped hyenaAlso found in Asia as far as India, this nighttime hunter has teeth and jaws strong enough to crush bone.

A L G E R I A

M O R O C C O

M A U R I T A N I AM A L I

T U N I S I A

Desert horned viper

This snake’s “horns” are really special scales that protect its eyes from sand.

Niger

Fennec foxThis small fox’s huge

ears aren’t only great for hearing. They also help to

keep the fox cool by releasing its body heat into the air.

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

A H A G G A R M O U N T A I N S

AD R A R D E S I F O R A S

A T L A S M O U N T A I N S

Addax

Desert monitor lizard

Desert locust

Also called a “screwhorn antelope,” the endangered addax has horns up to 47 in (120 cm) long.

Barbary sheep

This is Africa’s only wild sheep. Males charge at each other with their heads down when fighting.

Dune gecko

Just 4 in (10 cm) long, this lizard licks its eyes to clean them.

Nubian bustard

The desert monitor uses its long, powerful tail like a whip to defend itself.

Gigantic swarms of desert locusts can contain billions of insects and stretch for 40 miles (64 km).

Sahara desertThe Sahara is the Earth’s largest hot desert. It covers 3,630,000 sq miles (9,400,000 sq km) and is home to about 70 animal and 500 plant species. They have to deal with temperatures as high as 135˚ F (57˚ C) and very little rainfall.

W E S T E R N S A H A R A

Algiers Tunis

Niamey

Rabat

Nouakchott

Abuja

Bamako N I G E R I A

N I G E R

AÏ R

MO

UN

TA

INS

US_036_037_Sahara_desert.indd 36 31/03/2017 14:48

37

N

S

EW

LocationThe Sahara stretches across North Africa, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west all the way to the Red Sea in the east.

L I B Y A

C H A D S U D A N

E G Y P T

T U N I S I AM E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A

Deathstalker scorpion

This scorpion’s venom is highly toxic, but it is rarely fatal to humans.

Lesser Egyptian jerboa

The tiny hopping jerboa’s hind legs are four times longer than its front ones.

Nile crocodile

This crocodile gets up to 20 ft (6 m) long, weighs 2,205 lb (1,000 kg), and lives up to 40 years.

Dromedary camelDromedaries are well suited to the desert. They can store

fat in their hump as food, have thick eyelashes to keep sand

out of their eyes, and can drink 40 gallons (182 liters) of water without stopping!

Fennec foxThis small fox’s huge

ears aren’t only great for hearing. They also help to

keep the fox cool by releasing its body heat into the air.

Dromedary camels have only one hump.

HABITAT KEYTropical grasslands

Scrublands

Wetlands

Mountains

Hot desert

E R I T R E A

Nile

A H A G G A R M O U N T A I N S

T I B E S T IM O U N T A I N S

Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse

This is Africa’s only wild sheep. Males charge at each other with their heads down when fighting.

Nubian bustard

Found in southern desert shrubland, the Nubian bustard eats large insects, leaves, fruit, and grass seeds.

Sandy-colored markings make it easy for this bird to hide from desert predators.

African spurred tortoise

The largest tortoise in Africa, this reptile can weigh up to 231 lbs (105 kg).

Dorcas gazelle

The Dorcas gazelle never has to drink. It gets all its moisture from eating flowers, leaves, and bark.

E T H I O P I A

Chari

Cairo

Tunis

Tripoli

N’Djamena

Khartoum Asmara

N I G E R I A

N I G E R

RE

D S

EA

AÏ R

MO

UN

TA

INS

US_036_037_Sahara_desert.indd 37 18/04/2017 17:43

Afr

ican

gre

y

parr

ot

The

man

drill

has

the

mos

t col

orfu

l fac

e in

the

mon

key

wor

ld—

and

a bl

uish

-pur

ple

bott

om!

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drill

HA

BIT

AT K

EY

Wet

land

s

Trop

ical

gr

assl

ands

Mou

ntai

ns

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grov

es

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ical

fo

rest

s

Empe

ror

scor

pion

At 8

in (2

0 cm

) lon

g, th

e em

pero

r is

the

larg

est s

corp

ion

on th

e pl

anet

. Su

rpris

ingl

y, de

spite

its

big

size

, its

st

ing

is n

ot d

eadl

y fo

r hum

ans.

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bo

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pi

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ard

DE

MO

CR

AT

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D

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AN

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RW

AN

DA

Cong

o

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i

M I T U M B A M O U N T A I N S

Uba

ngi

Lake

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Lake

Edward

Ban

gui

AD

AM

AW

A

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HL

AN

DS

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ndé

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umbu

ra

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ali

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Wes

tern

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Afr

ican

bu

ffal

o

Co

ng

o B

asin

Oft

en ca

lled

“Afr

ica’s

Gre

en H

eart

,” th

e Co

ngo

Basin

is

a hu

ge a

rea

of la

nd su

rrou

ndin

g th

e Co

ngo

Rive

r.

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supp

orts

the

wor

ld’s

seco

nd-la

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t rai

n fo

rest

, an

d, a

long

with

swam

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nd la

kes,

it is

a ha

ven

for

hund

reds

of a

maz

ing

anim

als—

inclu

ding

bon

obos

an

d ch

impa

nzee

s, th

e clo

sest

livi

ng re

lativ

es o

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ans.

Adul

t mal

e go

rilla

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e ca

lled

“silv

erba

cks”

be

caus

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the

silve

ry-

whi

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air t

hat c

over

s th

eir b

acks

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slend

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pe

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less

mea

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ch

impa

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ins a

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ds m

ore

time

in tr

ees.

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he w

orld

’s

mos

t int

ellig

ent b

irds,

gent

le A

frica

n gr

eys

can

lear

n lo

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f hu

man

wor

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ough

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egs a

re

strip

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zeb

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th

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cret

ive

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se re

lativ

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raffe

.

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e bu

ffalo

is a

ttac

ked

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lion

, the

rest

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ts

herd

will

rush

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efen

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This

big

cat s

tash

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its p

rey

up tr

ees t

o ke

ep it

out

of r

each

of

oth

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reda

tors

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co

The

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brig

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lors

from

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pper

, a m

etal

fo

und

in th

e pl

ants

th

at it

eat

s.

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id b

ongo

s hav

e m

any

strip

es th

at lo

ok

like

light

and

shad

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th

ey ca

n hi

de e

asily

in

den

se ra

in fo

rest

s.

Bong

o

BU

RU

ND

I

MB

AN

GM

OU

NT

AI N

S

US_038_039_Congo_Basin.indd 38 31/03/2017 14:48

39

Afr

ican

gre

y

parr

ot

Whi

te-t

hroa

ted

bee-

eate

rTh

e be

e-ea

ter l

ives

in

larg

e fa

mili

es. I

t rub

s be

es a

nd w

asps

aga

inst

a

hard

sur

face

to re

mov

e th

eir

stin

gs b

efor

e ea

ting

them

.

Man

drill

N S

EW

Chim

panz

ees

are

one

of the

clos

est

livin

g re

lativ

es o

f hum

ans.

Loca

tion

The

Cong

o Ba

sin

is lo

cate

d ar

ound

the

equa

tor i

n w

est-

cent

ral A

frica

. The

re

are

hot,

hum

id p

lace

s, an

d co

oler

, dry

one

s. So

me

part

s al

so g

et a

lot o

f rai

n.

SC

ALE

200

kilo

met

ers

0 0

200

mile

s

Chim

panz

eeTh

is s

mar

t ape

live

s in

fam

ily

grou

ps a

nd c

an w

alk

on tw

o

legs

as

wel

l as

four

. It u

ses

to

ols,

such

as

rock

s an

d st

icks,

to

hel

p it

get f

ood.D

EM

OC

RA

TIC

R

EP

UB

LIC

O

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TH

E C

ON

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CO

NG

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AN

GO

LA

ZA

MB

IA

TA

NZ

AN

IA

RW

AN

DA

Kasa

i

M I T U M B A M O U N T A I N SLake Tanganyika

Kin

shas

aB

razz

avill

e

Buj

umbu

ra

Afr

ican

fis

h ea

gle

Com

mon

pa

ngol

in

Slen

der

lung

fish

The

red

rive

r ho

g us

es it

s sn

out to

sn

iff o

ut tas

ty r

oots

in the

gro

und.

Red

river

hog

Red

river

hog

s m

ove

arou

nd

mos

tly a

t nig

ht, r

etur

ning

to

burr

ows

durin

g th

e da

y to

kee

p co

ol. T

hey

live

in n

oisy

fam

ily

grou

ps c

alle

d so

unde

rs.

This

slend

er, p

eace

ful a

pe

eats

less

mea

t tha

n its

ch

impa

nzee

cous

ins a

nd

spen

ds m

ore

time

in tr

ees.

The

lung

fish

lives

in

flood

plai

ns th

at o

ften

dry

up

. Dur

ing

thes

e tim

es, i

t us

es it

s lun

gs to

bre

athe

ai

r unt

il th

e w

ater

retu

rns.

Cove

red

in p

rote

ctiv

e sc

ales

, the

pan

golin

ro

lls it

self

into

a b

all

whe

n th

reat

ened

.

This

eagl

e sw

oops

dow

n on

fish

from

nea

rby

tr

ees,

grab

bing

them

in

its s

harp

talo

ns.

This

tiny

bloo

dsuc

ker

caus

es m

ore

deat

hs

than

any

oth

er cr

eatu

re

beca

use

it pa

sses

on

th

e di

seas

e m

alar

ia.

Ano

phel

es

mos

quit

o


Luan

da

Congo

BU

RU

ND

I

US_038_039_Congo_Basin.indd 39 31/03/2017 14:48

40

African lion

LocationSavanna covers more than half of Africa, mostly in the central and southern parts. These areas have a rainy and a dry season, but it is hot all year.

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Tropical grasslands

Mangroves

Mountains

Deciduous forests

Tropical forests

Hot desert

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Grant’s zebraJust like human fingerprints, a zebra’s stripe pattern is unique. This means that no two zebras have the exact same stripes.

A N G O L A

Black rhinoceros

N A M I B I A

B O T S W A N A

D E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F

T H E C O N G OA

TL

AN

TIC

OC

EA

N

B I É P L A T E A U

Okavango

Zambezi

Lual

aba

M U C H I NG

A

MO

UN

T AI N

S

Kinda baboon

Kinda baboon babies can have white, gray, black, or even multicolored fur.

Hippopotamus

African wild dog

“Hippopotamus” means “water horse,” but the hippo’s closest relatives are dolphins and whales!

Lions are social cats. They live in groups called prides.

Rhinoceroses don’t see very well, but they have good hearing and an excellent sense of smell.

These dogs help each other. They rarely fight, and they take care of young, old, sick, or injured members of their pack.

MI T

UM

BA

MO

UN

T AI N

S

Mohol galago

This tree-dwelling primate, also called a bush baby, can jump as far as 16 ft (5 m) in a single leap.

African elephantEarth’s largest land animal, the African elephant has a brain four times bigger than a human brain.

Southern savannaMuch of southern Africa is covered in tropical grasslands called savanna. They’re great places to find grazing animals, such as zebras and antelopes. This also means that they attract predators, such as lions.

US_040_041_Southern_Savanna.indd 40 31/03/2017 14:48

41

GiraffeAt up to 19 ft (5.8 m) high, the giraffe is the world’s tallest land animal. Its very long neck helps

it to reach acacia tree leaves high above

the savanna.

Wildebeests are also known as gnus.

Lusaka

Blue wildebeestThe wildebeest looks like a cow, but it is a type of antelope. It travels an astonishing 1,000 miles (1,609 km)

every year, just to find the right kind of grass to eat.

Acacia tree

Lesser flamingo

B O T S W A N A

Z I M B A B W E

M O Z A M B I Q U E

M A L A W I

T A N Z A N I A

Z A M B I A

D E M O C R A T I C R E P U B L I C O F

T H E C O N G O

Lake Nyasa

Lual

aba

Lake Tanganyika

M U C H I NG

A

MO

UN

T AI N

S

I NY A

NG

A M

OU

NT

AI N

S

Zam

bezi

M O Z A M B I Q U E

ImpalaHippopotamus

Plum dung beetle

C H A N N E L


Dung beetles recycle animal poop. They roll it up into balls and bury them to use later as food or as places to lay eggs.

MI T

UM

BA

MO

UN

T AI N

S

Male impalas grow beautiful ridged horns up to 36 in (92 cm) long.

One of the few savanna trees, the acacia provides food for many animals—despite its fierce thorns.

Long-legged flamingos sweep their bills through salty water to find algae to eat.

Lilongwe

African elephantEarth’s largest land animal, the African elephant has a brain four times bigger than a human brain.

Southern yellow-billed

hornbillThis bird snaps up insects with its curved bill, tossing them into its mouth with a flick of its head.

Harare

Vervet monkey

Vervet monkeys spend hours each day picking dirt and parasites out of each other’s fur.

N

S

EW

US_040_041_Southern_Savanna.indd 41 18/04/2017 18:23

Growing up to 9 ft (2.8 m) tall, the ostrich is the world’s largest bird. It can’t fly, but it can outrun most of its predators.

CheetahThe world’s fastest land animal, the cheetah can run at speeds of up to 68 mph (110 kph). It takes just three seconds for this cat to reach its top speed.

Ostrich

N A M I B I A

Windhoek

LocationThe Kalahari covers most of Botswana and parts of Namibia and South Africa. In summer, it can become as hot as 104˚ F (40˚ C).

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Scrublands

Tropical grasslands

Hot desert

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

MeerkatMeerkats help each other protect

their families. They take turns standing on guard and warn other

meerkats if danger approaches.

This high-leaping antelope moves around in large herds. Both males and females have horns.

Springbok

Sociable weaverThese small birds build giant nests, over 21 ft (6 m) wide, with up to 100 weavers in each one. Some nests are so heavy that they break the tree they’re in!

S O U T H A F R I C A

A N G O L A

Gaborone

AT

LA

NT

I C

OC

EA

N

Leaf chameleons are possibly the

world’s smallest reptile.

Comet mothThe comet moth is also called the Madagascan moon moth. It has a wingspan of 8 in (20 cm) and its striking tail is 6 in (15 cm) long. This moth lives for just a few days.

B O T S W A N A

Circling high in the desert sky on its broad wings, this bird searches for dead animals to eat.

White-backed vulture

Warthogs kneel on their front legs when munching on fresh grass.

Common warthog

This big frog lives underground during the dry season, which can last 10 months of each year!

African bullfrog

Okavango

Vaal

Cape porcupine

During the day, this large rodent sleeps in caves or burrows. At night, it comes out to find plants to eat.

Sociable weavers’ massive nests

can last for 1OO years.

Kalahari desertThe Kalahari is a huge, dry, sandy area in southern Africa. In some parts of the Kalahari, it may not rain for up to eight months. Many animals here have to travel in search of fresh grass to eat, and predators follow them.

MadagascarMadagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, and it is amazingly rich in wildlife. More than 250,000 different species of animals live here, and two-thirds of them are found nowhere else on Earth. Sadly, many are endangered.

The aardvark’s name means “earth pig.” It can eat up to 50,000 ants a night!

Aardvark

N

S

EW

Bloemfontein

Pretoria

US_042_043_Kalahari_Madagascar.indd 42 31/03/2017 14:48

43

Antananarivo

Male ploughshare tortoises try to flip each other over during fights.

Ploughshare tortoise

Male panther chameleons are color crazy! Their body patterns are a mix of pink, blue, orange, green, red, and yellow.

Panther chameleon

Leaf chameleons are possibly the

world’s smallest reptile.

Leaf chameleonJust 1.1 in (29 mm) long, this tiny species of leaf chameleon remained unknown to scientists until 2012.

Comet mothThe comet moth is also called the Madagascan moon moth. It has a wingspan of 8 in (20 cm) and its striking tail is 6 in (15 cm) long. This moth lives for just a few days.

FossaMadagascar’s largest predator is the catlike fossa. It climbs trees and uses its long tail to help it balance. Fossas hunt many animals, from lemurs to fish.

HABITAT KEYMangroves

Mountains

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

LocationMadagascar is in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Africa. It has two seasons: hot and rainy, and then cool and dry.

N

S

EW

Lake

Mangoky

Bet

sibo

ka

M O Z A M B I Q U E

C H A N N E L

M A D A G A S C A R I ND

I AN

OC

EA

N

This frog’s bright-red color is a warning to predators that it is toxic.

Tomato frog

Alaotra

Baobab

The baobab’s thick, wide trunk can hold thousands of liters of rainwater.

AN

KA

RA

TR

A M

AS

SIF

This hedgehoglike animal has spines sticking out of its fur.

Lowland streaked tenrec

This strange-looking lemur taps its long middle finger on trees to find grubs—its favorite food.

Aye-aye

Sociable weavers’ massive nests

can last for 1OO years.

MadagascarMadagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, and it is amazingly rich in wildlife. More than 250,000 different species of animals live here, and two-thirds of them are found nowhere else on Earth. Sadly, many are endangered.

Ring-tailed lemur

The ring-tailed lemur sunbathes every morning with its arms outstretched.

US_042_043_Kalahari_Madagascar.indd 43 31/03/2017 14:48

44

Kruger National ParkSouth Africa’s Kruger National Park is filled with wildlife. More than 140 mammal species and hundreds of birds live in its savanna, mountains, and tropical forests. Watering holes provide places for animals to drink during the dry season.

The aardvark’s nostrils contain lots of hairs to stop dust from going up its nose when it is digging.

White-backed vultureThis big vulture eats dead animals. Up to 1,000 of them may gather to feed on an elephant carcass, squabbling and fighting while they eat!

Aardvark The aardvark uses its wide, strong claws to dig burrows as well as find insects to eat.

Hippopotamus A hippo’s eyes, ears, and nose are on top of its head, so it can see, hear, and breathe while the rest of it is underwater.

Giraffe Special valves in a giraffe’s neck stop blood from rushing to its head when it bends over to drink.

Plains zebra Zebra herds travel long distances to find enough grass to eat. They must also drink at least once a day.

Honey badger Almost 3 ft (1 m) long, the honey badger is one of the most fearless animals in Africa. It even fights lions!

The white-backed vulture is the most commonly seen vulture in Africa.

Secretary birdThe secretary bird strides

through the savanna on its long legs, looking for grasshoppers,

voles, and mice to eat. It kills snakes by stomping on them!

US_044_045_Kruger_National_Park.indd 44 23/05/2017 16:34

45

African lion In a pride of lions, females do most of the hunting. The male is the only cat with a mane.

Plains zebra Zebra herds travel long distances to find enough grass to eat. They must also drink at least once a day.

Impala To escape predators, impalas leap forward up to 291⁄2 ft (9 m) and as high as 8 ft (2.5 m). Sometimes they leap over each other!

African elephant An elephant’s trunk contains 40,000 muscles! It uses its trunk to spray water into its mouth for a drink.

BateleurThis eagle’s name

means “tightrope walker” because it rocks its wings from side to side when it glides, as if it’s balancing. Its bright-

red face has no feathers at all.

Impalas eat grass in the rainy season and shrubs and herbs at other times.

African elephants have much larger ears than Asian elephants.

Location Kruger National Park covers 7,523 sq miles

(19,485 sq km) in northeastern South

Africa. It lies south of Zimbabwe and west

of Mozambique.

Cheetahs are instantly recognizable from the black spots on their coat.

CheetahA cheetah’s impressive bursts of speed can only last for short distances. Afterward, it’s tired, so other animals can easily steal its kill!

US_044_045_Kruger_National_Park.indd 45 31/03/2017 14:48

46

EuropeAt first glance, the continent of Europe may seem too crowded for wildlife. There are 739 million people living here, in 44 countries! But with dense forests, sandy beaches, high mountains, and miles of moorland, animals still have plenty of different habitats to choose from.

The CamargueThis triangular coastal wetland is found where the Rhône River meets the Mediterranean Sea. Its 359 sq miles (930 sq km) of sandy marshes are home to 400 bird species, and to animals unique to this area, such as the Camargue horse.

Scottish moorlandNorthern Scotland has acres of moorland. These rainy highlands have acidic, peaty soil, formed by sphagnum moss. They are full of a pretty pink- and purple-flowering shrub called heather. Heather is home to many insects, birds, and small mammals.

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Scrublands


Deserts

Tundra

Ice

HABITAT KEY

I C E L A N D

U N I T E D K I N G D O M

I R E L A N DD E N M A R K

FRANCE

S P A I N

P O L A N D

SW

ED

EN

NO

RW

AY

FIN

LA

ND

CZECH REPUBLIC

SLOVAKIA

HUNGARY

SLOVENIA

BO

SN

IA &

H

ER

ZE

GO

VIN

A

SE

RB

I A

MO

NT

EN

EG

RO

AL

BA

NIA

MACEDONIA

KOSOVO (DISPUTED)

LIECHTENSTEIN

NETHERLAND

S

BELGIUM

RUSSIA (KALININGRAD)

Balear ic I s lands

MALTA

S i c i l y

Sard

i nia

C o r si c

a

AD

RI AT I C S E A

T Y R R H E N I A N S E A

I O N I A N S E A


GU

LF O

F B

OT

HN

I A

B A Y O F B I S C A Y

NO

RT

H S

EA

Channel

Is lands

MONACO

SAN MARINO

ANDORRA

MinorcaMajorcaIb iza

VATICAN CITY

I sle

of

Man

BA

LT

I C S

EA

Got

land

Öla

nd

G ibral tar

S h e t l an

d

I s l a nd

s

F a r o e I s l a n d s

N O R WE G

I AN

SE

A

LUXEMBOURG

CROATIA

I TA

LY

G E R M A N Y

PO

RT

UG

AL

Bo

rnho

lm

SWITZERLAND

AUSTRIA

ESTONIA

L A T V I A

LITHUANIA

M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E AMadeira

Azores

US_046_047_Europe_opener.indd 46 23/05/2017 16:34

47

Carpathian MountainsThe Carpathian Mountains run for 932 miles (1,500 km) through central and eastern Europe. They are home to wolves, wild boar, and around 8,000 brown bears, mostly in Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, and Romania.

Mediterranean coastThousands of people live near the

Mediterranean Sea, and there are always plenty of visitors. This leaves

little space for wildlife. However, larger mammals, such as the

endangered Mediterranean monk seal, are found on

rocky offshore islands.

Northern taigaThe coniferous forests of

Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, and Iceland have long, cold winters and mild summers. Animals like the Eurasian moose prefer it that way—they overheat

easily, so the cool taiga is one of their favorite places!

B E L A R U S

P O L A N DU K R A I N E

R O M A N I A

B U L G A R I A

SW

ED

EN

NO

RW

AY

FIN

LA

ND

R U S S I A( E u r o p e a n R u s s i a )

CZECH REPUBLIC

SLOVAKIA

HUNGARY

M

OLD

OVA

SLOVENIA

BO

SN

IA &

H

ER

ZE

GO

VIN

A

SE

RB

I A

TU

RKEY

MO

NT

EN

EG

RO

AL

BA

NIA

MACEDONIA

KOSOVO (DISPUTED)

LIECHTENSTEIN

RUSSIA (KALININGRAD)

C r i m e a

MALTA

S i c i l yA

DR

I AT I C S E A

A E G E A N S E AT Y R R H E N I A N

S E A

I O N I A N S E A

B L A C K S E A

C AS P

I AN

SE

A

GU

LF O

F B

OT

HN

I A

C r e t e

BA

LT

I C S

EA

Got

land

Öla

nd

N O R WE G

I AN

SE

A

CROATIA

GR

EE

CE

I TA

LY

Bo

rnho

lm

AUSTRIA

ESTONIA

L A T V I A

LITHUANIA

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


N

S

EW

US_046_047_Europe_opener.indd 47 31/03/2017 14:48

Northern European taigaTaiga is the evergreen forest that grows in cool, wet, mountainous places in the far north of the world. Mammals need thick, furry coats, and birds need to fluff up their feathers to keep warm. During the cold winters, food can be hard to find.

I C E L A N D

N

S

EW

N O R W A Y

S W E D E N

F I N L A N D

E S T O N I A

L A T V I A

L I T H U A N I A

Puffins can fly at about 55 mph (88 kph) and swim underwater for up to one minute.

Puffins

Oslo

Stockholm

Riga

Helsinki

Predators hunt many of these small rodents, but their numbers grow quickly. Females can have young every 3 to 4 weeks, all year round!

Norway lemming

The boreal owl has such good hearing that it can pinpoint voles hidden beneath the snow.Boreal owl

A superb climber, the lynx often hides in trees and then drops down onto an unsuspecting deer.

Eurasian lynx

In the spring, several male hares chase a female, who may turn around and box them with her front feet!

Mountain hare

Tallinn

Parrot crossbill

This bat has shaggy brown fur with blond tips. It is the only bat found north of the Arctic Circle.

Northern bat

B E L A R U S

N O R W E G I A N S E A

BA

L TI C

SE

A

Reykjavík

LakeOnega

G

ot l a

nd

US_048_049_Northern_Europe.indd 48 31/03/2017 14:48

49

StoatThe stoat is a lightning-

fast member of the weasel family. Usually

reddish brown, its coat turns white in winter, making it hard to see

against the snow. The tip of its tail,

however, stays dark.

When a stoat has its white coat, it’s called an ermine.

LocationThis part of the taiga runs across the top of Europe eastward to the Ural Mountains in western Russia. Winters here are very cold and snowy.

HABITAT KEYMountains

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Carrion crowThe crow has a huge brain for its size. It’s so smart that it makes and uses tools, and recognizes faces. It will even

teach other crows to identify a mean human!

The eider swallows mussels whole,

crushing their shells in its stomach.

Common eiderThe eider is the Northern Hemisphere’s largest duck. Mother eiders lead their chicks to the sea, where they swim in groups of more than 150 chicks!

F I N L A N D

R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N

Also called the fish eagle, the osprey plunges into water feetfirst to grab fish with its talons.

Osprey

This type of finch’s bill is crossed at the tip, which is ideal for pulling conifer seeds out of cones.

Parrot crossbill

Male capercaillies perform a dance in an area called a “lek” to attract females. They put their tails up, their wings down, and make sounds like popping corks!

Western capercaillie

Used as Christmas trees, the Norway spruce can grow to 131 ft (40 m) in height and live for 1,000 years.

Norway spruce

This toad’s skin gives off a nasty substance that stops most predators from eating it. It can live for up to 40 years.

Common toad

The jay survives cold winters by storing food, especially berries. It hides them in trees, or covers them with bark and lichens.

Siberian jay

The wolverine is the biggest member of the weasel family. It has a bite so powerful it can crush bone.

Wolverine

B E L A R U S

Northern Dvina

Sukhoma

LakeOnega

B A R E N T S S E A

US_048_049_Northern_Europe.indd 49 31/03/2017 14:48

Bri

tish

Isle

sTh

e Br

itish

Isle

s are

mad

e up

of t

he U

nite

d Ki

ngdo

m—

whi

ch in

clude

s Eng

land

, Sco

tland

, W

ales

, and

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

—an

d th

e Re

publ

ic

of Ir

elan

d. A

lthou

gh w

olve

s and

bea

rs o

nce

lived

he

re, t

oday

the

larg

est w

ild m

amm

al is

a d

eer.

Red

squi

rrel

s can

be

right

- or l

eft-

hand

ed—

yo

u ca

n te

ll by

the

way

th

ey h

andl

e a

pine

cone

.

Red

squi

rrel

The

Euro

pean

hed

geho

g ha

s ar

ound

5,

000

spin

es in

its

coat

.

N

S

EW

Loca

tion

This

gro

up o

f isl

ands

is

foun

d off

the

nort

hwes

t co

ast o

f mai

nlan

d Eu

rope

. Th

e w

eath

er is

oft

en w

et

and

win

dy, b

ut s

umm

ers

can

also

be

very

war

m.

HA

BIT

AT K

EY

Wet

land

s

Mou

ntai

ns

Coni

fero

us

fore

sts

Dec

iduo

us

fore

sts

SC

ALE

50 k

ilom

eter

s

0 0

50 m

iles

Euro

pean

bad

ger

The

badg

er li

kes

to li

ve in

gro

ups.

Si

x or

mor

e sh

are

a sy

stem

of

unde

rgro

und

tunn

els

calle

d a

sett

, w

hich

they

dig

out

with

pow

erfu

l cla

ws.

One

bad

ger c

an e

at

hund

reds

of e

arth

wor

ms

in

a s

ingl

e ni

ght!

Euro

pean

hed

geho

gIf

thre

aten

ed, t

his

hedg

ehog

cur

ls u

p in

to a

bal

l. A

lthou

gh it

is k

now

n fo

r ea

ting

eart

hwor

ms

and

slug

s, it

actu

ally

pr

efer

s in

sect

s—ev

en w

asps

and

bee

s.

Cold

Brit

ish w

ater

s do

n’t b

othe

r thi

s mar

ine

mam

mal

. It h

as a

2½

in

(6 cm

) lay

er o

f fat

und

er it

s sk

in, c

alle

d bl

ubbe

r, to

ke

ep it

war

m.

Gra

y se

al

Outer HebridesInner Hebrides

Shetland Islands

Orkney

Islands

GRAMPIA

NS

Sc

ot

la

nd

No

rt

he

rn

Ir

el

an

d

Edin

burg

h

NO

RT

H S

EA

LA

KE

DI

ST

RI

CT

Clyd

e

ATLAN

TIC

OC

EA

N

This

wild

cat l

ooks

like

a

big

dom

estic

cat,

but i

t’s

real

ly a

fier

ce, s

tron

g pr

edat

or w

ith 1

8 ra

zor-

shar

p cla

ws!

Scot

tish

w

ildca

t

Shor

e cr

abs m

ust s

hed

thei

r old

shel

ls as

they

gr

ow b

ecau

se o

nce

it ha

rden

s, th

e sh

ell

can’

t get

any

big

ger.

US_050_051_British_isles.indd 50 31/03/2017 14:48

51

Com

mon

Eur

opea

n ad

der

The

adde

r is

the

only

ven

omou

s sn

ake

in B

ritai

n, b

ut th

is s

hy, s

ecre

tive

snak

e is

ra

rely

see

n. T

he z

igza

g pa

tter

n on

its

back

hel

ps it

hid

e un

der l

eaf l

itter

.

FR

AN

CE

Loca

tion

This

gro

up o

f isl

ands

is

foun

d off

the

nort

hwes

t co

ast o

f mai

nlan

d Eu

rope

. Th

e w

eath

er is

oft

en w

et

and

win

dy, b

ut s

umm

ers

can

also

be

very

war

m.

Bum

bleb

ees

colle

ct p

ollen

and

nectar

from

flow

ers.

Buff-

taile

d bu

mbl

ebee

Unl

ike

hone

ybee

s, w

hich

live

in h

ives

, bu

mbl

ebee

s ne

st in

the

grou

nd, u

sual

ly

in a

n ab

ando

ned

mou

se o

r vol

e ho

le.

They

are

impo

rtan

t pol

linat

ors

and

ra

rely

stin

g.

GRAMPIA

NS

Sc

ot

la

nd

No

rt

he

rn

Ir

el

an

d

C h a nn

el

SNOWDO

NIA

W

al

es

I

s l an

ds

Card

iff

Dub

lin

IR

EL

AN

D

LA

KE

DI

ST

RI

CT

Tham

es

Severn

Mer

sey

En

gl

an

d

EN

GL

ISH

CH

AN

NE

L

U

NIT

ED

K

IN

GD

OM

Shannon

Barrow

Ouse

Mal

e de

er a

re ca

lled

stag

s. Th

eir h

orns

, cal

led

antle

rs,

mus

t be

regr

own

ever

y ye

ar

and

can

reac

h 3

ft (1

m) a

cros

s.

Red

deer

Shor

e cr

abs m

ust s

hed

thei

r old

shel

ls as

they

gr

ow b

ecau

se o

nce

it ha

rden

s, th

e sh

ell

can’

t get

any

big

ger.

Gre

en

shor

e cr

ab

The

red

kite

like

s to

deco

rate

its n

est w

ith

odd

item

s—an

d ha

s ev

en b

een

know

n to

st

eal c

loth

es fr

om

cloth

eslin

es!

Red

kite

The

barn

ow

l has

a

hear

t-sh

aped

face

. Its

co

lor a

nd si

lent

flig

ht

mea

n it

is of

ten

calle

d th

e “g

host

ow

l.”

Barn

ow

l

Tiny

, fei

sty

robi

ns si

ng

even

in w

inte

r. A

mal

e ro

bin

will

figh

t to

the

deat

h fo

r his

terr

itory

, w

hich

he

may

kee

p

for l

ife.

Euro

pean

ro

bin

Web

bed

feet

mak

e

the

otte

r a fa

st, a

gile

sw

imm

er. I

t has

two

laye

rs o

f fur

: a w

arm

in

ner o

ne, a

nd a

thick

, w

ater

proo

f out

er o

ne.

Eura

sian

ot

ter

Shal

low,

cold

-wat

er

bays

are

this

porp

oise

’s

favo

rite

plac

e. It

hun

ts

for fi

sh a

nd sh

ellfi

sh o

n th

e se

abed

.

Har

bor

porp

oise

The

dorm

ouse

’s p

aws t

urn

sidew

ays t

o he

lp it

clim

b.

It ca

n sp

end

thre

e-qu

arte

rs

of th

e ye

ar e

ither

asle

ep

or in

hib

erna

tion!

Haz

el

dorm

ouse

This

tiny

beet

le e

ats a

pe

st ca

lled

an a

phid

. Jus

t on

e la

dybu

g ca

n ea

t ove

r 5,

000

aphi

ds in

its

lifet

ime—

whi

ch is

just

on

e ye

ar.

Seve

n-sp

ot

lady

bug

Engl

ish o

aks c

an g

row

up

to 1

31 ft

(40

m)

high

. The

y do

n’t

prod

uce

acor

ns u

ntil

they

are

at l

east

40

yea

rs o

ld.

Engl

ish

oa

k tr

ee

Bel

fast

Lond

on

US_050_051_British_isles.indd 51 31/03/2017 14:48

52A red fox’s bushy tail is

called a brush.

This mink is one of Europe’s most endangered mammals. It lives near rivers and streams, and hunts mostly at night.

European mink

F R A N C E

Oslo

LocationThere are areas of forest in mainland Europe from Portugal as far as Russia. Some get really hot in summer, while others are cool all year round.

Pristina

Red foxThis adaptable mammal can live almost anywhere—farms or city centers, marshes or mountaintops. It lives in more places in the world than any other carnivore.

BA

LT

I C S

EA

P O L A N D

G E R M A N Y

B E L G I U M

N E T H E R L A N D S

S W I T Z E R L A N D

A U S T R I A

S W E D E N

C Z E C H R E P U B L I C

S L O V E N I AR O M A N I A

I T A L Y

C R O A T I A

L A T V I A

L I T H U A N I A

B E L A R U S

E S T O N I A

F I N L A N D

M O L D O V A

S L O V A K I A


H U N G A R Y

S E R B I A

M O N T E N E G R O

K O S O V O

M A C E D O N I A

A L B A N I A

B U L G A R I A

G R E E C E

N O R W A Y

D E N M A R K

Copenhagen

Amsterdam

Brussels

BerlinWarsaw

Vilnius

Riga

Tallinn

Prague

BratislavaVienna

LjubljanaZagreb

Sarajevo

Belgrade

SkopjeTirana

Sofia

Helskini

Rome

Paris

ME D I T E R R A N E A NS E A

Bern

Podgorica

Budapest

European forestsForests here mostly have a mix of trees. Some, like the Bavarian Forest in Germany, have more conifers, such as spruce. Others, such as Białoweża Forest in Poland, have more broad-leaved trees, like oak. All, however, provide great homes for animals.

Nightjars live in Africa in the winter, but return to Europe to nest in the spring. Their speckled feathers hide them perfectly among dead leaves.

European nightjar

Families of blue tits gather together in winter to search for food. They eat insects in the summer, but eat seeds in the winter.

Eurasian blue tit

This millipede might look scary, but it is actually a vegetarian—it eats rotting plants.

Black millipede

A wood ant colony contains around 250,000 workers. This ant can spray formic acid to keep enemies away!

Red wood ant

This little rodent doesn’t hibernate in winter. Instead, it moves around beneath the snow, searching for plants to eat.

Bank vole

Stag beetle

This insect gets its name from the male’s jaws, which look like the antlers of a male deer, or stag. Males get up to 3 in (7.5 cm) long.

Stockholm

London

L U X E M B O U R G

B R I T I S H I S L E S

The Hague

VATICAN CITY

SAN MARINOMONACO

LICHTENSTEIN

A N D O R R A

US_052_053_European_forests.indd 52 31/03/2017 14:48

Least weaselSmall, energetic, and deadly, the weasel hunts mice and voles in their burrows, which it often uses to make a den of its own. It even lines its nest with its prey’s fur in winter.

The least weasel is only about 91⁄2 in (24 cm) long.



Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

Eurasian eagle owlThis owl is one of the largest in

the world—it has a wingspan of almost 6½ ft (2 m). It is so big, it

can catch mammals as large as a full-grown fox or young deer!

N

SEW

Daubenton’s batThis “super-sleeper” hibernates for about six months of the year. It likes to roost near water in caves, abandoned mines, tunnels, or hollow trees.

R O M A N I A

U K R A I N E

L A T V I A

L I T H U A N I A

B E L A R U S

E S T O N I A

F I N L A N D

M O L D O V A

M A C E D O N I A

B U L G A R I A

G R E E C E


Warsaw

Vilnius

Riga

Tallinn

Minsk

Belgrade

Bucharest

Skopje

Sofia

Chisinau

Moscow

Helskini

B L A C K S E A

Daubenton’s bats use sound to find

insect prey at night.

The ancient Romans thought this dormouse was very tasty—which is how it got its name.

Edible dormouse

The roe deer has a varied diet, eating everything from fungi and ferns to leaves and acorns. Baby roe deer are called kids.

Roe deer

This colorful bird is named for its calls, which sound like “hoop, hoop, hoop.” It spends most of its time on the ground, hunting for insects.

Common hoopoe

Kiev

Stag beetle

This insect gets its name from the male’s jaws, which look like the antlers of a male deer, or stag. Males get up to 3 in (7.5 cm) long.

This snake has no venom. If it’s threatened and can’t escape, it plays dead, or releases a nasty smelling substance from its rear end!

Grass snake

This wild ancestor of the domestic pig lives on every continent except Antarctica. Males can grow to 6 ft (1.8 m) long and weigh up to 661 lb (300 kg).

This pigeon lives in woodlands, parks, gardens, and even cities. Its feathers weigh more than its skeleton!

LakeLadoga

LakeOnega

Don Vo

lga

Common wood pigeon

Wild boar

US_052_053_European_forests.indd 53 31/03/2017 14:48

54The marmot lives in high alpine meadows and pastures.

Pine martenPowerful forelimbs and strong claws make martens excellent climbers. They even race through the trees to hunt squirrels.

I T A L Y

LocationThe Alps stretch through eight countries in total. The highest parts are always snowy, but in summer lower parts can reach 86˚ F (30˚ C).


Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Alpine marmotThe alpine marmot digs

long, deep burrows where it hibernates for up to nine months of the year. When

hibernating, a marmot breathes just one to two

times a minute!

F R A N C E

S W I T Z E R L A N D

A U S T R I A

G E R M A N Y

The sure-footed ibex has long curved horns that grow up to 40 in (100 cm) long in males.

Alpine ibex

The endangered Apollo butterfly’s bright-red wing spots fade in the sun, so older butterflies have spots that are more orange.

Apollo butterfly

Built for flight, the alpine chough has been seen soaring as high as 26,250 ft (8,000 m) above sea level!

Alpine chough

This hoofed mammal is able to run up to 31 mph (50 kph), even on a snow-covered mountain!

Chamois

Although it mostly comes out at night, this little black salamander also ventures out in the daytime after rain.

Alpine salamander

Young shrews “caravan” behind their mother, by following each other in a line, holding onto the shrew in front by their mouth!

Alpine shrew

This ptarmigan turns white in the winter to hide from predators in the snow.

Rock ptarmigan

N

S

EW

Bern

European steppeThe steppe is a temperate grassland habitat. Many animals here are seasonal visitors from other habitats, while some, such as hamsters and moles, live here all year round.

The AlpsThe mountains of the Alps divide the cooler northern parts of Europe from the warm southern parts. With mountain lakes, glaciers, meadows, and forests, there are plenty of places for different animals to live. As many as 30,000 different species make their home here.

S L O V E N I ALjubljana

C R O A T I A

LICHTENSTEIN

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55

Only males have a crest

on their backs.

The marmot lives in high alpine meadows and pastures.

N

S

EW100 miles

A U S T R I A

U K R A I N E

Common nightingaleThis little bird is plain to look at, but its song sets it apart. Nightingale songs have high and low notes, phrases, and trills that other birds can’t make.

Black fur on its underside gives the black-bellied hamster its name.

Black-bellied hamsterThis hamster digs summer

and fall burrows 191⁄2 in (50 cm) below the ground’s surface. Its winter burrow

can be 61⁄2 ft (2 m) deep. When swimming, this

hamster inflates its cheek pouches to act

like water wings!

Northern crested newtAlso called the great crested newt, this amphibian gets up to 61⁄2 in (17 cm) long. Newts are most active at night, and spend the day hiding in ponds, or under damp logs or rocks.

LocationThe European steppe stretches from Romania in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east, where it merges with the Asian steppe.

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

This is the heaviest flying bird on Earth.Males weigh up to 35 lb (16 kg)!

European mole

The mole’s big forepaws are always turned outward to help it dig its underground tunnels.

Rosy starling

This big bird of prey can live for up to 32 years. It makes a nest, called an aerie, in a tall tree or on a cliff ledge.Golden eagle

This pink and black starling eats locusts and other grasshoppers it finds on the steppe.

Marbled polecat

Giant mole rat

Great bustard

Eurasian harvest mouse

The colorful marbled polecat travels up to 0.6 miles (1 km) a night searching for food.

Although they each have their own burrow, there might be 6,000 giant mole rats in just 0.4 sq miles (1 sq km) of grassland!

Weighing just 0.2 oz (6 g), the tiny harvest mouse is Europe’s smallest rodent.

European steppeThe steppe is a temperate grassland habitat. Many animals here are seasonal visitors from other habitats, while some, such as hamsters and moles, live here all year round.


Kiev

B E L A R U S

R O M A N I A

B U L G A R I A

M A C E D O N I A

Bucharest

Sofia

Minsk

C R O A T I A


Scrublands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

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56


Iberian wolf S P A I N

N

SEW

Rome



Wetlands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles


P O R T U G A L

F R A N C E

I T A L Y

S ar d

i ni a

Co

rs

i ca

Lisbon

Madrid

M a j o r c a





Iberian pig


Jeweled lizard


Iberian ibex






Common cuckoo

The cork oak is one of few trees that can grow new bark. The cork bark is harvested once every nine years to make bottle stoppers and other items.

Tagus

Ebro

P Y R E N E E S

Garonne

Rhö

ne



Barbary macaque


MONACO

A N D O R R A

US_056_057_Mediterranean.indd 56 31/03/2017 14:49








Rome

HABITAT KEYConiferous forests

Deciduous forests



I T A L Y

C R O A T I A


M O N T E N E G R O

K O S O V O

A L B A N I A

M A C E D O N I A

G R E E C E

B U L G A R I A

R O M A N I A

S i c i l y

S ar d

i ni a

Co

rs

i ca

C r e t e

Zagreb

S E R B I ASarajevo

Belgrade

Pristina

Skopje

Podgorica

Tirana

Athens




57



Eurasian magpie



Marginated tortoise




Golden jackal


Dalmatian pelican



VATICAN CITY

SAN MARINO

M A L T A

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58

Gray wolfThe gray wolf is found in Europe, North America, and Asia. Packs of four to five wolves hunt deer, elk, wild boar, rabbits, and beavers.

Common toadMany parts of this forest are wet,

including rare places known as “spruce bog forests,” where coniferous spruce trees

grow in very wet ground. These habitats make a perfect home for the common toad!

A male and female red fox have a territory that they share, which is where they raise their young.

Pine marten Pine martens are related to weasels but, unlike weasels, they hunt in the trees. They chase small mammals such as squirrels.

Red deer Red deer find leaves, small twigs, and bark to eat in the fall and winter, and herbs and grasses during the summer.

European bison The bison is Europe’s largest land mammal. There are around 900 in Białowieża forest.

Beavers produce an oily substance that keeps their fur waterproof.

All domestic dogs are descended from the gray wolf.

Bialowieza ForestBiałowieża is lowland Europe’s only old-growth, or “primeval,” forest. Forests like this once covered all of northeastern Europe. Its many different trees and habitats mean Białowieża is home to thousands of animals, including the rare European bison!

Red fox Foxes feed on a wide variety of foods. In Białowieża, they eat yellow-necked mice, hares, and the carcasses of red deer killed by wolves or lynxes.

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Eurasian beaverThe Eurasian beaver disappeared from Białowieża in the mid-19th century due to hunting. It was reintroduced in 1956. Today, they live all along the rivers, streams, and ponds throughout the forest.

Noctule batNoctule bats nest in hollow trees. The holes must be high enough to avoid predators such as pine martens. Noctules are one of the first bats to come out at night, and hunt moths and flying ants.

Old-growth forests have plenty of standing dead trees as well as live ones. Woodpecker nests or holes where the tree has rotted make ideal bat roosts.

Red deer Red deer find leaves, small twigs, and bark to eat in the fall and winter, and herbs and grasses during the summer.

European bison The bison is Europe’s largest land mammal. There are around 900 in Białowieża forest.

Great spotted woodpecker Woodpeckers nest in holes made in tree trunks. They search for tasty insect prey in the bark.

Tawny owl This woodland owl hunts at night for birds, rodents, amphibians such as frogs, and bats to eat.

Yellow-necked mouse This mouse prefers living in woodland, because it eats a lot of tree seeds. It is also an excellent tree climber!

Eurasian red squirrel Eurasian red squirrels like to eat seeds, especially from conifer trees.

Eurasian badger Badgers are common in forests. In addition to plenty of worms to eat, they find lots of hollow trees, which they use as daytime shelters.

Location Białowieża Forest

covers 579 sq miles (1,500 sq km) across Poland and Belarus. Temperatures range from 21˚ F (-6˚ C) in

winter to 75˚ F (24˚ C) in summer.

Beavers produce an oily substance that keeps their fur waterproof.

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AsiaWelcome to Earth’s largest continent! Asia contains half the world’s human population, but there is still a lot of land for wildlife. Habitats here include vast deserts, grassy plains, snowy mountains, and dense, green rain forests.

City wildlifeThe Turkish capital of Istanbul is rich in wildlife— 337 of the country’s 483 bird species, such as this seagull, live here. The city is also part of an important migration route for hundreds of thousands of storks, raptors, and water birds each year.

Arabian highlandsThe Arabian highlands are made of the mountains and high plateaus that border the desert of the Arabian Peninsula, in southwest Asia. The highlands are cooler than the desert, and have more rainfall, so shrubs and grasses can grow. These plants are food for animals such as camels.

SavannaThis region in northern India is warm

all year round. It has the highest grasslands in the world—some

grow more than 10 ft (3 m) tall! The grasslands provide

food for deer and rhinos, and cover for predators such as the tiger.

N

S

EW

TU

RK

EY

K A Z A K H S T A N

SYRIA

S A U D I A R A B I A

I N D I A

I R A N

LEBANON

ISRAEL

JO

RDAN I RA

Q

GEO

R

GIAARMENIA

AZERBAIJAN

TURKM

ENISTA

N

UZBEKIS

TAN

KYRGYZSTAN

TAJIKISTAN

AFGHANISTAN

P A K I S T AN

KUWAIT

QATAR

UNITED ARAB

EMIRATES

YEMENOMAN

NEPALBHUTAN

BA

NG

LA

DE

SH

SRI LANKA

And

am

an

I sl a

nd

s

Nicobar

Is lands

Ma

ldiv

es

A R A B I A N S E A

BA

Y O

F B E N GA

L

ME

DI T

ER

RA

NE

AN

SE

A

BLACK SEA

CA

SP

IAN

SEA

RE

D S

EA

G U L F O F A D E N

Socotra

ANDAM

AN

S EA

BAHRAIN


CYPRUS

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SavannaThis region in northern India is warm

all year round. It has the highest grasslands in the world—some

grow more than 10 ft (3 m) tall! The grasslands provide

food for deer and rhinos, and cover for predators such as the tiger.

HimalayasRunning through northeast India and parts of five other Asian countries, the Himalayas are the world’s highest mountains. Their highest, rockiest areas offer enough food sources for the rare snow leopard, and this strong yak.

Bornean rain forestBorneo is the third-biggest island in the world, and the Bornean rain forest is 140 million years old! About 221 mammal species live here, including Asia’s only great ape, the highly endangered orangutan.

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Coniferous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands


Desert

Wetlands

Mountains

Tundra

Ice

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


K A Z A K H S T A N

Sum

atra

BRUNEI


M O N G O L I A

C H I N A

I N D I A

KYRGYZSTAN

NORTH KOREA

SOUTH KOREA

JA

PA

N

NEPALBHUTAN

BA

NG

LA

DE

SH

MYANMAR (BURMA)

VIE

TN

AM

LAOS

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

M A L A Y S I A

I N D O N E S I A

PH

I LI P

PI N

ES

SRI LANKA

Born

eo

JavaEAST TIMOR

And

am

an

I sl a

nd

s

Nicobar

Is lands

Hainan Dao

TA

IWA

N

Ku

ri l e Isla

nd

s

BA

Y O

F B E N GA

L

GU

L F O F

TH

AI L A N D

J A V A S E A

S O U T H C H I N A

S E A

E A S T C H I N A

S E A


P

HI L

I PP

I NE

SE

A

SE

A O

F J

AP

AN

S E A O

F O

KH

OT

SK


E A S T S I B E R I A N

S E A

BE

RI N

G S

EA

T I M O R S E A

ANDAM

AN

S EA


US_060_061_Asia_opener.indd 61 31/03/2017 14:49

62

Saiga antelope

Siberian wapiti

Siberian musk deer

Sable

Silver birch

Baikal seal

Siberian flying squirrel

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Mountains

Snow and ice

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Fast-growing birch trees shed their bark like tissue paper as they grow.

This deer has fangs! They’re really tusklike teeth that the males use to fight each other.

The sable is a member of the weasel family. It hunts chipmunks, mice, and birds.

This wapiti is a large type of deer that forms herds of 100 or more in the fall.

Fur-covered flaps of skin linking its legs let this tiny squirrel glide from tree to tree.

This seal lives only in Lake Baikal, which is an icy, freshwater lake in Russian Siberia.

The saiga’s swollen, flexible nose hangs over its mouth, helping keep out the dust kicked up by its herd in summer.

Brown bearThe most widespread of all bear species, the brown bear eats mostly roots, berries, and other parts of plants, but it will also hunt animals. Adults can be more than 7 ft (2 m) tall when they stand on their hind legs.

A brown bear takes to the river

to hunt for salmon.

The Ural owl aggressively defends its territory, chasing away intruders.

Siberian tigerThis is the world’s biggest wild cat. Males weigh up to 660 lb (300 kg). It even has a mane, like a lion’s, to help keep its neck warm in cold Siberian winters.

Russian taigaTaiga is also called “snow forest.” It’s found in cool, high places, like in northeast Russia, and is made up of coniferous forests. Animals use trees for food and shelter, and as places to hide from predators.

Lake B

aika

l

Yenisei

Ob

Irtysh

K A R A S E A

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Siberian wapiti

Baikal seal

Siberian blue robin

Siberian wood frog

Snow sheep Siberian rubythroat

Siberian chipmunk

Siberian flying squirrel

LocationTaiga stretches over northeast Russia, eastward to the Pacific Ocean. Summers are short, but the winters are long and snowy.

HABITAT KEYConiferous forests

Deciduous forests

SCALE

300 kilometers

0

0

300 miles

Fur-covered flaps of skin linking its legs let this tiny squirrel glide from tree to tree.

This seal lives only in Lake Baikal, which is an icy, freshwater lake in Russian Siberia.

Blue robins often look for food near rivers, but they never stray far from the forest.

Wood frogs spend the winter hibernating in holes on river bottoms.

Both male and female snow sheep have big, curved horns that grow in a corkscrew shape as they get older.

This is the only chipmunk found outside North America. It has five dark and four white stripes running along its back.

Its main home is the taiga, but this little bird is sometimes spotted in Scotland and North America.

The Ural owl aggressively defends its territory, chasing away intruders.

Black woodpeckerStrong neck muscles and a

sharp bill make this bird a champion wood borer.

It chisels out holes in tree trunks, where it lays its eggs.

Ural owlThis big owl hunts rodents, frogs, and birds that it spots from its perch. In spring, it sings a courtship duet with its lifelong mate.

Lake B

aika

l

Lena

BE

RI N

G S

EA

N

S

EW

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CA

SP

I AN

SE

A

The bobak digs burrows up to 13–16 ft (4–5 m) deep, where it hibernates up to six months each year.

Bobak marmot

A secret toadhead agama stands alert.

K A Z A K H S T A N

N

SEW

LocationThe Asian steppe stretches from west of the Caspian Sea, though central Asian Russia, and as far east as the Altai Mountains.

HABITAT KEYWetlands


Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

Central Asian tortoiseAlso called the steppe tortoise, this animal’s shell is almost as wide as it is long. It has claws on each foot—and one on its tail, too!

Peregrine falconThese falcons normally hunt other birds. When hunting, peregrines make a steep dive called a “stoop.” During a stoop, they can reach speeds of up to 150 mph (240 kph)!

U Z B E K I S T A N

C H I N A


K Y R G Y Z S T A N

T A J I K I S T A N

A F G H A N I S T A N

Astana

Bishkek

Tashkent

Dushanbe

Steppe polecat

Steppe eagle

Pallas’s cat

Przewalski’s wild horseLittle

ground squirrel

Onager

This nocturnal animal can cover 11 miles (18 km) a night in its search for food.

This wild cat’s coat turns from frosty gray in winter to reddish gray in spring.

This bird hovers above its prey before swooping down and grabbing it with its powerful talons.

This squirrel digs two types of burrows: one for hibernation, and one to hide in from predators like eagles.

The onager looks like a horse, but is smaller and brays like a donkey.

Wild horses live in herds of females and foals led by a male, called a stallion. Stallions fight over who gets to lead.

Central AsiandesertsThere are different kinds of deserts here. Some are salty and sandy. Others are rocky or have clay soil. All are dry. Water is found mostly near desert borders where rivers can overflow.

Asian steppeA steppe is a high, grassy, mostly treeless plain. Animals here live on grass and other plants— or on the animals that do! They must be able to survive freezing winters, hot summers, and harsh wind, and to go long periods without water. On the steppe, watering holes are in short supply.

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65

Secret toadhead agamaThe insect-eating agama keeps several secrets. It may look like a regular desert lizard, but when it displays, it opens its mouth to reveal a deep reddish pink and expands two spiny cheek flaps.

A secret toadhead agama stands alert.

Astana

Tashkent

LocationThere are deserts in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

C H I N A

K A Z A K H S T A N

U Z B E K I S T A N

T U R K M E N I S T A N

K Y R G Y Z S T A N

T A J I K I S T A N

A F G H A N I S T A N

P A K I S T A N

C H I N A

I R A N

Bishkek

Dushanbe

Kabul

IslamabadTehran

Baghdad

A Z E R B A I J A N

A R M E N I A

Tehran

Baku

Yerevan

Ashgabat

This nocturnal animal can cover 11 miles (18 km) a night in its search for food.

Corsac fox

Central Asian cobra

Great gerbil

Wild goat

Goitered gazelle

Tolai hare

Long-eared hedgehog

The corsac fox uses its long, wide ears to listen for rodent noises in the desert.

When a predator is near, this hedgehog growls and hisses like a cat, then rolls itself into a protective ball.

At up to 13 in (33 cm) long, this is the largest gerbil on Earth.

This is the world’s most venomous true cobra. Though it lives in the desert, it is very good at swimming.

The wild goat lives in dry, rocky areas. Its curved horns have a very sharp inside edge.

A big, swollen tube on its throat gives this gazelle its name. It also gives males an extra-loud voice.

This hare comes out at night to feed on desert plants. It rests in a shallow scrape in the ground during the day.

Central AsiandesertsThere are different kinds of deserts here. Some are salty and sandy. Others are rocky or have clay soil. All are dry. Water is found mostly near desert borders where rivers can overflow.

N

S

EW

HABITAT KEYWetlands


Mountains

Cold desert

Hot desert

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Tropical forests

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66

The Himalayan wolf is a rare type of gray wolf. Some are almost white—like snow on the Himalayas!

Himalayan wolfN

S

EW

LocationThis region includes Tibet and parts of southwest China. Summers are dry and warm, and winters are often below freezing.

HABITAT KEY

Asiatic black bearThis bear is also called the “moon bear” due to the pale, crescent-shaped band on its chest. It spends about half of its life up in trees.

Snow leopardThese cats have a thick, spotted coat that keeps them warm and helps them blend in when hunting. They keep their face warm when they sleep by covering it with their furry tail.Himalayan marmots dig very deep

burrows to hibernate in.

Himalayan marmotNicknamed the “Tibetan snow pig,” this ground squirrel is one of the only mammals on Earth that lives above 16,400 ft (5,000 m).

Many kinds of plants grow on the plateau, including this serratula, a type of thistle.

Himalayan alpine serratula

This little relative of the rabbit is so suited to rocky ground that it often nests in a pile of stones!

Himalayan mouse hare

The tahr is a wild goat that has hooves with rubberlike cores. These help it grip onto smooth rocks. Himalayan

tahr

This large, cowlike animal has extra-big lungs that help it to get enough oxygen from the thin air.

Wild yak

I N D I A

N E P A L

H I M A L A Y A S

P A K I S T A N

Tibetan PlateauThis high, flat region of Asia is surrounded by mountains. It’s so high that it’s often called the “roof of the world.” The animals that live here have to deal with thin air and bitter winters.

Tropical forests

Tropical grasslands

Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

KathmanduThimphu

New Delhi

A L T U N M O U N T A I N S

Islamabad

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The Himalayan wolf is a rare type of gray wolf. Some are almost white—like snow on the Himalayas!

Giant pandaThe giant panda lives in six forests in central China. It spends 10 to 16 hours a day eating mostly bamboo, and sleeps the rest of the time.

Pandas are the only bears that eat just plants.

HABITAT KEY SCALE

100 kilometers

0

0

100 miles

Snow leopardThese cats have a thick, spotted coat that keeps them warm and helps them blend in when hunting. They keep their face warm when they sleep by covering it with their furry tail.

This bird picks up bones in its claws and carries them high into the air. It then drops the bones on rocks to shatter them into bite-sized pieces.Bearded vulture

When threatened, the mountain weasel scares away predators with a foul-smelling spray called musk.

Mountain weasel

Also called the Himalayan blue sheep, the bharal has a bluish sheen to its gray coat. This makes it hard for its enemies to see it against rocky cliffs.

Bharal

This very rare fox hunts rodents and lizards. Its slitlike eyes help to lessen glare from the sun.

Tibetan sand fox

Wild yak

This raccoonlike animal is also called the “fire fox” or “fire cat” due to its striking red fur.

Red panda

This toad is one of the very few amphibians that are able to live so high up.

Tibetan toad

Herds of kiang can have as many as 400 animals. When they travel, kiangs follow their female leader in single file.

Kiang

The chiru is a type of antelope. It has soft wool, called shahtoosh, which is very good at keeping it warm through winter.

Chiru

67

C H I N A

B H U T A N

B A N G L A D E S H

M Y A N M A R

H I M A L A Y A S

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

Thimphu

A L T U N M O U N T A I N S

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A Chinese peacock butterfly feeds on a spider lily plant.

68

This snake eats poisonous toads, absorbs the poisons, then releases them later from its neck glands!Japanese sika deer

The sika is a small deer— males are only 3 ft (95 cm) at shoulder height. They make strange noises, too, such as the male’s long, whistlelike call that sounds like a siren.

Asian tiger keelback

M O N G O L I A

Beijing

Chinese peacock butterflyThis forest butterfly’s size depends on what time of the year it comes out of its cocoon. Spring Chinese peacocks have a wingspan of up to 3 in (8 cm). Summer ones have a wingspan up to 5 in (12 cm).

Seoul

Ulan Bator

C H I N A

N O R T H K O R E A

Earth’s largest amphibian grows to 6 ft (1.8 m) long. That’s longer than many adult humans are tall!

Chinese giant salamander

Male Baikal teals make a deep chuckling sound—wot-wot-wot!

Baikal teal

This is the smallest of the “big cats.” Cloudlike spots help this leopard blend in with its forest home.

Clouded leopard

This popular game bird, which has been hunted in Europe for centuries, is originally from Asia.

Yangtze

Y A B L ON

OI M

O

UN

T AI N

S

Huang He

This monkey has a blue face! It spends 95 percent of its time in the trees.

Golden snub-nosed

monkey EA

S T C H I N A S E A

East Asian forestsEastern Asia’s deciduous forests are full of trees like oak and ash, as well as some walnut and birch. With streams and rivers, mountains and grassland edges, they are a haven for animals.

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PA

CI F I C O C E A N

This snake eats poisonous toads, absorbs the poisons, then releases them later from its neck glands!

N

S

EW

Tokyo

LocationThere are broad-leaved forests in parts of eastern China, southeast Russia, North and South Korea, and Japan.

HABITAT KEYWetlands


Mountains

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Cold desert

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

Mandarin duckDespite their bright colors, Mandarin ducks are hard to spot in the wild. They hide under plants that hang over lakes, or in nests they build in hollow trees.

Seoul

Pyongyang

J A P A N

N O R T H K O R E A

S O U T H K O R E A


S E A OF J A

P AN

This popular game bird, which has been hunted in Europe for centuries, is originally from Asia.

Common pheasant

Although it is a relative of the dog, this animal does not bark. Instead it whines, growls, or even mews!

Raccoon dog

This tall, graceful, endangered crane is a symbol of love and good luck in Japan.

Red-crowned crane

The serow is a goat antelope—a hooved mammal with traits of both goats and antelopes.Japanese

serow

The Japanese marten can jump 6½ ft (2 m) from the ground into a tree!

Japanese marten

This clever, short-tailed monkey loves to bathe in Japan’s natural hot springs to keep warm.

Japanese macaque

The Japanese cherry tree is called the sakura in Japanese. Its blossom is a traditional symbol of Japanese culture.

Cherry blossom

Gorals warn other gorals of danger by making a wheezing alarm call.

Long-tailed goral

SI K

HO

TE

-A

LI N

RA

NG

E

H o k k a i d o

EA

S T C H I N A S E A

US_068_069_East_Asian_forest.indd 69 31/03/2017 14:49

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Partridges run rather than fly away when threatened.

Hamadryas baboonThese monkeys live in troops of up to 1,000. They spend nights on ledges of cliffs, but come down to the ground each day to find food.

Arabian partridgeThis partridge lives on the ground, where it looks for seeds, grass, and insects to eat. The female lays her eggs in a shallow, scooped-out hole.

Rock hyraxAlthough it looks more like a guinea pig, the plant-eating rock hyrax is related to the elephant. It even grows two tiny tusks!

Caracal

Fur on the bottom of its feet helps the sand cat walk over hot ground.

Sand cat

Arabian oryx

Arabian horse

RE

D S

EA

S A U D I A R A B I A

I R A Q

Y E M E N

LocationLocated between Africa and Asia, the Arabian Peninsula is made up of Saudi Arabia and several smaller countries.

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

N

SE

W

Riyadh

People of the desert, called the Bedouin, bred this horse to be fast, strong, and able to withstand desert conditions.

Spadelike hooves let this antelope walk on the soft desert sand with ease.

This cat can jump 10 ft (3 m) off the ground to snatch birds out of the air.

I R A N

Arabian camel spider

The camel spider isn’t a true spider—it’s a different type of arachnid, and it eats scorpions, spiders, and mice.

Sandfish

The sandfish is a type of lizard that “swims” beneath the surface of the sand using its flipperlike feet.

Mountain gazelle

Male gazelles have “air-cushion” fights— they charge at each other but stop just before they crash.

Arabian PeninsulaThe Arabian Peninsula is a hot, dry part of the world, and it is covered by sandy deserts. The animals that live here have special ways of dealing with its harsh conditions.

O M A NSana’a

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Mountains

Deciduous forests

Hot desert

J O R D A N

U N I T E D A R A B E M I R A T E S

Q A T A R

B A H R A I N

I S R A E L

K U W A I T

Kuwait City

Baghdad

Abu Dhabi

Muscat

Doha

Manama

AmmanJerusalem

US_070_071_Arabian_Indian.indd 70 23/05/2017 16:35

N

S

EW

LocationIndian forests stretch from the Himalayan mountains south to the Indian Ocean. The weather here is hot or warm most of the year.

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Mountains

Cold desert

Sloth bearThe shy sloth bear digs

ants and termites with its long, curved claws. As it

laps them up, its loud slurping can be heard from

several miles away.

New Delhi

Indian cobra The Indian giant hornet’s bright orange color makes it easy to spot.Indian giant hornetThe giant hornet is the world’s largest—and probably angriest—wasp. It grows up to 2 in (5 cm) long and will sting anything that even slightly disturbs its nest.

Bengal tiger

Asian elephant

Partridges run rather than fly away when threatened.

200 kilometers

200 miles

The cobra hunts lizards, rodents, and frogs. Venom from its bite stops its prey from being able to move.

This tiger’s canine teeth (fangs) grow up to 4 in (10 cm) long.

Asia’s largest land mammal is much smaller than its African cousin. It spends three-quarters of its day eating plants.

I N D I A

S R I L A N K A

P A K I S T A N

B A Y OF

BE

NG

AL

A R A B I AN

S E A

A

n d a m a n a n dN

i c o b a r i s l a n d s

Male gazelles have “air-cushion” fights— they charge at each other but stop just before they crash.

Indian grey mongoose

Mongooses kill scorpions by throwing them against a hard surface until they crack.

Indian giant squirrel

The giant squirrel builds nests in trees that are the same size as eagles’ nests.

Indian peafowl

Male peafowl are called peacocks. They use their bright, eyespotted feathers to attract mates.

Indian rhinoceros

The Indian rhino’s horn grows to 2 ft (60 cm) long. It’s made from keratin—just like our hair.

Ganges

Yamuna

Krishna

Narmada

Ganges

Godavani

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

Indian forestsIndia’s forests can be wet or dry, but all are warm and tropical. Many trees have broad leaves that they lose in the dry season. For animals, the forests provide food and shelter. However, since trees are cut down for wood or to make farmland, animals like the Bengal tiger have fewer places to live.

Colombo

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

Coniferous forests

Deciduous forests

Tropical forests

HABITAT KEYDeciduous forests

Hot desert

US_070_071_Arabian_Indian.indd 71 23/05/2017 16:35

Southeast Asian rain forestThe Southeast Asian rain forests are some of the oldest on Earth, and they are home to hundreds of animal species. As the rain forests are cut down, however, amazing animals like the Sumatran rhinoceros become rarer and rarer.

Bornean orangutan Fruit-eating orangutans live in trees. They bend branches into nests to sleep in at night. Orangutans live alone, unlike other great apes.

Female orchid mantises look like flowers. Males are smaller and duller in color.

V I E T N A M

C A M B O D I A

L A O S

C H I N A

M Y A N M A R

I N D I A

T H A I L A N D

M A L A Y S I A

Bangkok

Phnom Penh

Nay Pyi Daw

Hanoi

Putrajaya

Jakarta

Kuala Lumpur

Special skin stretched over extra-long ribs lets this lizard glide through the rain forest.

This frog jumps from tree to tree, using its webbed feet and loose skin like a parachute.

Its foxlike face gives this large fruit bat its name.

This rare, endangered rain-forest rhino has two horns.

Gibbons sing in the treetops every morning to tell other gibbons where their territory is.

This is the biggest single flower in the world. It smells like rotting flesh!

Water buffalo

Common flying dragon

Sumatran rhinoceros

Large flying fox

Wallace’s flying frog

Purple sunbird

Lar gibbon

Rafflesia flower

AN

DA

MA

N S

EA

An

da

ma

nI s

l an

ds

N

i c ob

ar

I s l an

ds

SO

UT

H C

HI N

A S

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G U L F OF T H

AI L A

ND

S u m a t r aB o r n e o

J a v aO C E A N

I N D I A N B a l i

N

S

EW

SINGAPORE

Orchid mantis This insect disguises itself as a pink- and-white orchid flower. When other insects land nearby, they are caught unaware as the mantis strikes.

The domesticated water buffalo is widely used to plough paddy (rice) fields.

Vientiane

Adult sunbirds drink nectar with their long, curved bills. They feed their chicks insects.

H a i n a n

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LocationLots of countries make up Southeast Asia, including many island nations. All are tropical, with a rainy monsoon season and a hot, dry season.

HABITAT KEYWetlands

Mountains

Tropical forests

SCALE

200 kilometers

0

0

200 miles

C H I N A

T A I W A N

I N D O N E S I A

P H I L I P P I N E S

B R U N E I

E A S T T I M O R

Manila

Taipei

The world’s smallest type of bear uses its long tongue to lap up insects, but its favorite food is fruit.

The world’s biggest lizard, the Komodo dragon grows up to 6 ft (2 m) long. Its venomous bite can kill a water buffalo!

Special skin stretched over extra-long ribs lets this lizard glide through the rain forest.

Male proboscis monkeys’ huge noses help to make their calls louder.

Just 6 in (16 cm) tall, this little primate can turn its head right around to look backward!

Only male birds of paradise have amazing, colorful feathers, which they show off to attract females.

Sun bear

Proboscis monkey

Komodo dragon

Philippine tarsier

Soa-soa water lizard

Greater bird of paradise

No

r th

Ma

l uk u

SO

UT

H C

HI N

A S

EA

J A V A S E A

B o r n e o

S u l a w e s i M a l u k u

J a v a

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G u i n e a

MO

LU

CC

A S

E A

S U L U S E A

O C E A NP A C I F I C

B a l i

E

Ribbontail stingrayThis stingray swims in shallow water, looking for crabs, shrimp, and small fish to eat. Its bright-blue spots and stripes warn other sea creatures to stay away.

One sting from a ribbontail stingray

can kill a would-be predator.

King cobraThe king cobra can grow up to 18 ft (5.5 m) long. It lives almost entirely off other snakes, which it hunts by sight and smell. Unusually, this snake doesn’t hiss—it growls!

The domesticated water buffalo is widely used to plough paddy (rice) fields.

P a l a u

A big “sail” of skin on its tail helps drive the soa-soa water lizard forward when it swims.Adult sunbirds drink

nectar with their long, curved bills. They feed their chicks insects.

H a i n a n

Dili

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin

This species of humpback dolphin is usually gray, but it can also be white, or even pink!

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Gobi desertThe Gobi is Asia’s largest desert. It spans more than 460,000 sq miles (1.2 million sq km). Temperatures here can be as scorching hot as 122˚ F (50˚ C) and as freezing cold as -40˚ F (-40˚ C), but many tough animal species are able to survive despite the extreme conditions.

Marbled polecats are named after the pattern on their backs.

Mongolian marmot This rodent spends winters in its burrow, where it is safe from predators such as eagles.

Gobi bear This is the Earth’s rarest bear. Fewer than 50 Gobi bears remain in the desert, their only home.

Long-eared jerboa This tiny, mouselike jerboa hops around the desert at night, looking for tasty insects to eat.

Dinosaur fossilThe Gobi tells us a lot about prehistoric wildlife. Hundreds of dinosaur fossils of many types have been found here—including some from 250 million years ago! This was also first place in the world where dinosaur eggs were identified.

Marbled polecatThis little predator doesn’t see very well, but it has no trouble finding most of its prey by smell. It hunts rodents, birds, and reptiles—mostly during cool desert nights.

This jerboa’s enormous ears are almost as long as its body! Scientists think they release heat, keeping the jerboa cool.

Mongolian wild ass The wild ass waits for rare rain showers. After the showers, it can feed on fresh grass.

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Yarkand gazelle Unlike other gazelles, the Yarkland doesn’t “bound.” If scared, it sprints away as fast as it can!

Great bustard Each year, male great bustards grow “whiskers” that look a lot like ears of wheat!

Przewalski’s wild horse This wild horse is always on the move, looking for water and short grasses to eat.

Gobi bear This is the Earth’s rarest bear. Fewer than 50 Gobi bears remain in the desert, their only home.

Saxaul treeThe gnarly saxaul has a lot of roots to anchor it in the sand. Its tiny leaves keep

it from losing too much moisture, and it stores water in its bark. If you press a few

pieces together, water comes out!

Bactrian camelThe Bactrian camel has two humps, where it stores fat to help it survive for long periods without food. If it can’t find enough plants to eat, it will eat bones, rope, or even a tent!

The great bustard flies with slow, steady beats of its wings, which end in long, white feathers.

Location The Gobi stretches across

northwestern China and southern Mongolia.

The average rainfall here is less than 8 in

(190 mm) a year!

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76

AustralasiaAustralia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and thousands of small islands make up the Australasia region. From deserts, mountains, and rain forests to beaches and coral reefs, the habitats here are home to many animals only found in this part of the world.

Snares IslandsThis New Zealand island group, north of the Auckland Islands, is protected from humans so native

animal species can thrive. One is the Snares penguin, which nests

only on these islands—on the ground, under trees and shrubs.

Australian outbackThe hot, dry center of Australia is known as the outback, or the “bush.” Because it is mostly desert, very few people live here, but some amazing animals have found ways to survive the tough desert conditions.

Australian coastThe western Australian coast is home to hundreds of fish, mammals, and bird species. Australian pelicans often land here to enjoy the sand and sun after staying in the air for 24 hours!

N

S

EW

A U S T R A L I A

P A P U A N E W G U I N E A

NEW ZEALAND

S O L O M O N I S L A N D S

M I C R O N E S I A

Cocos (Keel ing) I s lands

(AUSTRALIA)

Chr istmas Is land (AUSTRALIA) Ashmore and

Cart ier I s lands (AUSTRALIA)

Northern Mariana Is lands (UNITED STATES)

Guam (UNITED STATES)

Coral Sea Is lands (AUSTRALIA)

New Caledonia (FRANCE)

Lord Howe Is land (AUSTRALIA)

V A N U A T U

Campbel l I s lands (NEW ZEALAND)

Auckland Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)

PALAU

Tasmania

T I M O R S E A

A R A F U R A S E A

C O R A L S E A

P H I L I P P I N E S E A

T A S M A N S E A

Macquar ie I s land (AUSTRALIA)

I ND

I AN

OC

EA

N

M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S

WesternAustralia

SouthAustralia

Queensland

NorthernTerritory

New SouthWales

Victoria

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Coral reefsCoral reefs, like this one in French Polynesia, make up about one percent of the ocean floor—but they are home to almost a quarter of all ocean species. Lots of fish, such as these gold-lined sea breams, gather in the reefs to eat.

New Guinea forestsForests cover two-thirds of

the island of Papua New Guinea. Around 760 bird

species and 25,000 plant species live here, as does the Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo, which climbs trees to eat leaves.

Tropical forests

Deciduous forests

Tropical grasslands

Scrublands


Desert

Mountains

Mangroves

HABITAT KEY

SCALE

1000 kilometers

0

0


NEW ZEALAND

S O L O M O N I S L A N D S

M I C R O N E S I A

F I J I

T O N G A

Coral Sea Is lands (AUSTRALIA)

New Caledonia (FRANCE)

Lord Howe Is land (AUSTRALIA)

Norfolk I s land (AUSTRALIA) Kermadec Is lands

(NEW ZEALAND)

Niue (NEW ZEALAND)

Cook Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)

American Samoa (UNITED STATES)

SAMOA

TUVALU

Wall is and Futuna

(FRANCE)

French Polynes ia (FRANCE)

Pitca i rn , Henderson,

Duc ie, and Oeno Is lands

(UNITED KINGDOM)

Kingman Reef (UNITED STATES)

Palmyra Atol l (UNITED STATES)

Baker and Howland Is lands (UNITED STATES)

Jarv is I s land (UNITED STATES)

NAURU

Wake Is land (UNITED STATES)

V A N U A T U

Chatham Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)

Bounty Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)

Ant ipodes Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)Campbel l I s lands

(NEW ZEALAND)

Auckland Is lands (NEW ZEALAND)

C O R A L S E A

T A S M A N S E A

Macquar ie I s land (AUSTRALIA)


M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S

K I R I B A T I

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78

AustraliaAustralia is the world’s largest island. Most of it is made of hot, dry desert called “the outback.” In the hottest months, some of Australia’s lakes may dry up completely. However, there are rain forests here, too, and many of the animals that live in Australia are found nowhere else.

I ND

I AN

O C E A N

A U S T R A L I A

Fitzroy

SCALE

LocationAustralia lies south of the equator, between the Pacific and Indian oceans. Summer here is from December to February.

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

This lizard defends itself by opening its frill, standing on its hind legs, and hissing.

The kookaburra is the largest kingfisher. Its call sounds like a laugh.

Frilled lizard

Blue-winged kookaburra

Witchetty grubs

These huge caterpillars eat witchetty bush roots— and Australian Aboriginals, the first people to live here, eat them!

Honey possum

This mouse-sized marsupial doesn’t eat honey—just nectar and pollen.

EmuAustralia’s largest bird

is 5–6½ ft (1.5–2 m) tall and can weigh up to 132 lb

(60 kg). Its call can be heard up to 1 mile (2 km) away!

Red kangarooKangaroos are marsupials, which are a type of animal that carry their young in a

pouch on their body. Red kangaroos are only found in Australia. They move by

hopping around on their powerful back legs.

A baby kangaroo, called a joey,

rides in its mother’s pouch.

De Grey

Fortescue

Ashburton

Gascoyne

Victoria

Great white shark

Common off the Australian coast, the world’s largest predatory fish has 300 teeth.

G R E A TA U S T R A L I A N

B I G H T

Thorny devil

This desert lizard is covered in protective thorny scales.


Scrublands

Tropical grasslands

Tropical forests

Mountains

Hot desert

N

S

EW

US_078_079_Australia.indd 78 31/03/2017 14:49

79

Short-beaked echidnaAlso called the spiny anteater, this strange-looking mammal lays eggs. It uses its long, sticky tongue to eat grubs, termites, and ants.

A U S T R A L I A

Canberra

Dingo

This intelligent wild dog rarely barks, but it loves to howl.

Saltwater crocodile

Platypus

This egg-laying mammal has webbed feet and a ducklike bill.

Earth’s largest reptile is also found in India and Southeast Asia.

Sugar glider

Eastern brown snake

A webbed membrane allows this tiny mammal to glide more than 151 ft (46 m) between trees.

Redback spider

Redbacks are one of the most venomous of Australia’s 10,000 spider species.

This animal is the size of a small dog. It’s called a devil because it is so aggressive. Tasmanian devil

The short-beaked echidna’s sharp spines repel predators.

KoalaOften mistakenly called bears, koalas are marsupials. Once big enough to leave the pouch, baby koalas ride on the parents’ backs. Koalas mostly eat eucalyptus (gum tree) leaves, such as those found in southeastern Australia.A baby kangaroo, called

a joey,

rides in its mother’s pouch.

Victoria

Mitchell

Flinders

Murray

Darling

B L U

E M

OU

NT

AI N

S

Great white shark

Common off the Australian coast, the world’s largest predatory fish has 300 teeth.

GR

EA

T B

AR

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R R

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G R E A TA U S T R A L I A N

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Common wombat

This plant-eating burrower is a marsupial, but its pouch points backward. Also, its poop is cube shaped!

This dangerous snake is responsible for the most deaths by snakebite in Australia. Watch out!

P A P U A N E W G U I N E A

US_078_079_Australia.indd 79 31/03/2017 14:49

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US_080_081_New_Zealand.indd 80 31/03/2017 14:49

81

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me

beca

use

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ound

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ore

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”! It

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eps

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s du

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the

day.

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ight

it h

unts

in

sect

s, su

ch a

s th

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eta.

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dam

self

ly

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blue

dam

selfl

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rn it

self

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er

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et m

ore

war

mth

fr

om th

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ow-e

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uin

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yello

w-e

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peng

uin

lays

its e

ggs i

n fo

rest

s,

and

hunt

s for

food

up

to

15 m

iles (

24 km

) aw

ay.

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ther

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kour

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Foun

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ly in

New

Ze

alan

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tion

Loca

ted

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e

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hwes

tern

Pac

ific

O

cean

, New

Zea

land

’s

clos

est n

eigh

bor i

s

Aust

ralia

, 932

mile

s

(1,5

00 km

) to

the

nort

hwes

t.

US_080_081_New_Zealand.indd 81 23/05/2017 16:35

82

Great Barrier ReefThe world’s largest chain of coral reefs, the Great Barrier Reef lies just off Australia’s northeastern coast. It’s so big that it can be seen from space, and it is home to more than 1,500 types of fish.

Sea slug Sea slugs eat corals, sea anemones, sponges, and fish eggs. Their bright colors warn predators away.

Blue starfish Tiny suckers, called tube feet, cover the underside of starfish and let them crawl over the reef.

Regal tang Also called surgeonfish, tangs have a scalpel-like spine at the base of their tail on both sides.

Starfish can regrow a damaged or lost arm. Some can even grow a whole new starfish from just part of an arm.

DugongThis slow-moving mammal eats nothing but plants. It pulls seagrass out by the roots with its flexible upper lip. Dugongs are also called “sea cows,” because they graze like cows.

CoralLiving corals are made up of tiny animals called coral polyps that catch bits of food with their tentacles. The polyps make hard cases from minerals to protect themselves, and these build up over many years into a reef.

The reef has many different types of coral. In addition to hard corals, which build the reef, there are also soft corals.

Giant barrel sponge The barrel sponge is an animal that grows up to 6 ft (1.8 m) across—and it has no brain!

Dugongs can live for 70 years

or more in the wild.

US_082_083_Great_Barrier_reef.indd 82 31/03/2017 14:49

83

Blubber jellyfish Each of this creature’s eight stumpy arms has several mouths that move food to the animal’s stomach.

Orange clown fish Clown fish have coats of slime that let them live in sea anemones without being stung.

Green sea turtle Green sea turtles are black when they hatch. They change color over the next 25 to 50 years.

Olive sea snake This snake breathes air, and it has a large lung that lets it swim for hours between breaths.

Most sea creatures avoid sea anemones because they sting, but clown fish live among their tentacles for protection. In return, they bring the anemones food.

Giant clamThis clam is so big, it can no longer move. It lives attached

to the reef, where it sucks in plankton to eat with a tubelike

organ called a siphon.

Peacock mantis shrimpOnly 1–7 in (3–18 cm) long, this shrimp is deadly. Its clublike arms can punch hard enough to break the shells of crabs—and even aquarium glass!

Location The Great Barrier Reef

runs for 1,429 miles (2,300 km) off the

coast of the state of Queensland, Australia.

Potato cod The potato cod hunts fish, crabs, and crayfish. It’s so curious that it can annoy divers.

Blacktip reef shark This medium-sized shark loves the shallows. It can swim in water just 12 in (30 cm) deep. The peacock mantis shrimp has the

fastest punch in the animal world.

US_082_083_Great_Barrier_reef.indd 83 31/03/2017 14:49

AntarcticaThe world’s coldest continent, Antarctica is also its most remote, meaning it is far from any other land mass. Ice more than 1 mile (1.6 km) thick covers most of it, and temperatures go down to -129˚ F (-89.2˚ C), too extreme for many animals. Since it doesn’t rain here, Antarctica is considered a desert.

SCALE

250 kilometers

0

0

250 miles

LocationAntarctica is found at the bottom of the Earth. It is home to the Earth’s most southerly point, the South Pole.

HABITAT KEYSnow and ice

Leopard seal

Even though it has enormous jaws and eats other animals, this seal’s main food is tiny krill.

Patagonian toothfish

Unlike most Antarctic fish, the toothfish has chemicals in its blood that prevent it from freezing.

Adélie penguin

S O U T H E R NO C E A N

W E D D E L L

S E A

AN

TA

R C T I C P E N I N S U L AR O N N E

I C E S H E L F

F I L C HN

E R

I C E S HE L F

W e s t A n t a r c t i c a

Weddell seal

Weddell seals can stay underwater for up to 82 minutes while they hunt for icefish.

Blackfin icefish

This fish’s blood is white because it has no red blood cells. This makes it easier for blood to move around the body in icy water.

Antarctic minke whale

This small whale eats krill by using comblike structures in its mouth called baleen.

Chinstrap penguin

These penguins look as if they have a strap around their chin. They are often found on icebergs in the sea around Antarctica.

T OS O U T H

A M E R I C A

TONEW

ZEALAND

Mountains

T R A N

SA

NT A

RC

TI C

MO

UN

T AI N

S

Wandering albatross

With the longest wingspan of any bird—111⁄2 ft (3.5 m) —the wandering albatross can glide for hours at a time.

Southern elephant sealThe southern elephant seal is Earth’s largest seal. Males can grow up to 20 ft (6 m) long and weigh 8,501 lb (3,856 kg), but females are much smaller. An inflatable, trunklike nose allows males to make loud roaring calls. L i m

i t o f s u m m e r p a c k i c e

Li m

i t o

f wi n

t er p

ac k

i c e

South Pole

R OS S

I C E S HE L F

US_084_085_Antarctica.indd 84 18/04/2017 18:23

85

250 miles

Leopard seal

Adélie penguin

This penguin is 28 in (71 cm) high and makes its nest out of stones, sometimes stealing rocks from its neighbors.

S O U T H E R NO C E A N

F I L C HN

E R

I C E S HE L F

E a s t A n t a r c t i c a

Weddell seals can stay underwater for up to 82 minutes while they hunt for icefish.

Antarctic krill

Krill are tiny, shrimplike crustaceans that provide food for animals ranging from small fish to the largest whales.

South polar skua

The size of a large gull, the skua takes penguin eggs and chicks for food.

Snow petrel

Pure white except for their black eyes and bills, snow petrels have even been seen at the South Pole.

T OA F R I C A

TOAUSTRAL IA

T R A N

SA

NT A

RC

TI C

MO

UN

T AI N

S

Antarctic brittle

star

This relative of the starfish can lose an arm if attacked—and grow it back!

Colossal squid

The colossal squid is the biggest squid on Earth. It also has the largest eyes of any animal.

Antarctic midgeAntarctica’s only insect, this midge lives on the rocky Antarctic Peninsula, which juts out into the Southern Ocean. It is wingless and eats algae and bacteria. Adult midges live just seven to ten days, but their young can survive two winters.

The Antarctic midge looks tiny when shown on a human finger.

Emperor penguinThe emperor penguin is the only animal to survive Antarctica’s ice in winter. It stays snug with its waterproof coat and four layers of feathers. Males keep the eggs warm by holding them on their feet off of the chilly ice.

Emperor penguin chicks are covered in fluffy gray down, which is not waterproof.

L i mi t o f s u m m e r p a c k i c e

South Pole

R OS S

I C E S HE L F

US_084_085_Antarctica.indd 85 31/03/2017 14:49

Th

e A

rcti

cTh

e Ar

ctic

is th

e Ea

rth’

s nor

ther

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t reg

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ater

of t

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rctic

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an fr

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mer

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mel

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ling

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ut it

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ls,

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ch it

can

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l fro

m

1 m

ile (1

.6 km

) aw

ay.

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k ox

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tern

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bird

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s 24,

900

mile

s (4

0,00

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) fro

m th

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ctic

to th

e An

tarc

tic

each

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r to

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en

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inde

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find

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at d

urin

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ctic

win

ters

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’s wh

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tic

cod

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cod

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s in

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old.

CA

NA

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US

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RU

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IA

US_086_087_Arctic.indd 86 31/03/2017 14:49

87

Arct

ic fo

xIn

sum

mer

, the

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tic fo

x sh

eds

its w

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t, tu

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it b

lend

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ith it

s su

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p se

alTh

ese

seal

s ar

e na

med

for

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patt

ern

on th

eir b

acks

, w

hich

look

s lik

e th

e m

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l in

stru

men

t. H

arp

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s ar

e bo

rn w

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turn

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k af

ter t

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that

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ws u

p to

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ft

(3 m

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Arc

tic

fox

In w

inte

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is fo

x tu

rns w

hite

to

help

it h

ide

in th

e

snow

as i

t hun

ts

for A

rctic

har

es.

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tic

hare

Its p

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snow

.

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th

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Wal

rus

A th

ick la

yer o

f blu

bber

(fa

t) ke

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ses

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m w

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they

hun

t fo

r foo

d in

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wat

ers.

Gre

enla

nd s

hark

A ve

ry sl

ow sw

imm

er,

this

shar

k cr

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p in

the

ocea

n, fe

edin

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n (d

ead

anim

als)

.

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y ow

l

Lem

min

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re o

ne o

f the

sn

owy

owl’s

mai

n so

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s of

food

. It c

an e

at fi

ve

lem

min

gs in

a d

ay.

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dult

harp

sea

l wat

ches

its

whi

te-f

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d cu

b.

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tic

cod

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gaBo

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ray,

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ga

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les d

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w

hite

unt

il th

ey a

re

as o

ld a

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ht y

ears

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AY

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LA

ND

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ED

EN

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tion

The

Arc

tic in

clude

s th

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trem

e no

rthe

rn p

arts

of

Euro

pe, A

sia,

and

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th

Am

erica

. Win

ters

get

as

cold

as

-90˚

F (-

68˚ C

).

GR

EE

NL

AN

D(D

EN

MA

RK

)

US_086_087_Arctic.indd 87 31/03/2017 14:49


Just one yellowfin tuna can weigh up to 882 lb (400 kg), although 388 lb (176 kg) is more common.

Common cuttlefishThe cuttlefish changes color to blend in with its surroundings and to communicate with other cuttlefish. It has three hearts, two of which pump blood to its gills. The third pumps blood around its body.

Yellowfin tuna

HABITAT KEYCoral reef

Sardines grow up to 12 in (30 cm) long and swim in enormous schools with lots of other sardines so they aren’t all eaten at once.

Sardines

P A C I F I C O C E AN

The chinook hatches in freshwater, then swims to the ocean, but each adult fish returns to the place where it hatched to breed.

Chinook salmon

The cuttlefish is related to squids and octopuses.

The great hammerhead’s favorite food is the stingray. It holds rays down using one side of its “hammer” to avoid getting stung while it feeds.

Great hammerhead

The world’s largest ray, the giant manta grows up to 23 ft (7 m) across and weighs up to 2.2 tons (2 tonnes).

Giant manta ray

As it grows, the lobster sheds its skin—a process called molting. By the time it becomes an adult, a lobster has increased in size 100,000 times!

American lobster

Also known as an orca, this is the largest dolphin species. It has teeth up to 4 in (10 cm) long.

Killer whale

The blue mussel is one of the toughest shellfish around. It can survive freezing as well as very warm ocean water.

Blue mussels

The anglerfish uses the glowing lure on its head to tempt passing prey close enough to eat.

Deep sea anglerfish

The blue whale is roughly the size of a jumbo jet. It weighs two times more than the biggest known dinosaur.

Blue whale

The sea horse can move its eyes individually, so it can watch for predators or prey from many directions at once. Spiny

sea horse

Oceans and seasWater covers a huge 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. Thousands of species live in or near oceans and seas, from tiny plankton to the largest creature on our planet—the blue whale.

US_088_089_Oceans_Seas.indd 88 31/03/2017 14:50

89

Just one yellowfin tuna can weigh up to 882 lb (400 kg), although 388 lb (176 kg) is more common.

Common bottlenose dolphinThe bottlenose is very smart. It loves to play, riding in the wakes of boats and ships. Some have even been known to help fishermen by driving fish into their nets in return for some of the catch!

Common sea urchinThe common sea urchin moves along the ocean floor using “tube feet”—suckerlike tips that stick out from its spines. It eats seaweed, mollusks, corals, and anemones.

Sardines

This fish grows up to 161⁄2 ft (5 m) long. Sturgeons are endangered, because people kill them for their eggs, which are eaten as caviar.

Beluga sturgeon

With its big forehead and short beak, this dolphin looks more like a small whale. Each baby, or calf, is born about 3 ft (1 m) long.

Irrawaddy dolphin

Found in warm ocean waters, green sea turtles have green-colored fat— that’s what gives them their name.

Green turtle

Sperm whales can dive 9,501 ft (2,896 m) deep in search of octopus, fish, and giant squid to eat. They can hold their breath for up to 90 minutes!

Sperm whale

PA

C

I F I C O C E A N


Blue mussels

The whale shark isn’t a whale, but a whale-sized fish. It grows to about 391⁄2 ft (12 m) long, and it eats mostly plankton.

Whale shark

If threatened by a predator, the porcupine fish “puffs up” by swallowing air or water. This makes it a very uncomfortable mouthful.

Porcupine fish

This crab’s legs never stop growing. They can stretch 13 ft (4 m) from the tip of one claw to the other!

Japanese spider crab

The giant Pacific octopus grows up to 291⁄2 ft (9 m) long. The female lays up to 100,000 eggs at a time.

Giant Pacific octopus

Seawater is full of tiny plants and animals that are often too small to see without a microscope. This is plankton. Most food chains in the ocean start with these miniature life forms.

Plankton

US_088_089_Oceans_Seas.indd 89 31/03/2017 14:50

90

ATLAS PICTURE QUIZ

NAME THE HABITA

T

Here are some of the habitats and

islands that appear in this atlas. Can you name them? Look at the clues to help you. The answers

are on page 91.

Answers: Page 90 Name the habitat: 1. Sahara desert (pages 36–37), 2. Kalahari (page 42), 3. Great Plains (page 12), 4. New Zealand (pages 80–81), 5. Amazon rain forest (pages 22–23), 6. Antarctica (pages 84–85), 7. Southeast Asia (pages 72–73), 8. The Galápagos (page 29), 9. Mediterranean scrubland (pages 56–57), 10. The Alps (page 54). Page 91 Guess the icon: 1. Clouded leopard (page 68), 2. Colossal squid (page 85), 3. 50,000 (page 42), 4. Green (page 56), 5. One year (page 51), 6. The Andes (page 24), 7. 29

1⁄2 in or 75 cm (page 56),

8. Common wombat (page 79), 9. Western deserts (page 14), 10. African spurred tortoise (page 37), 11. Congo Basin (page 38), 12. Giant ameiva (page 31), 13. Resplendent quetzal (page 16), 14. Narwhal (page 87), 15. Madagascar (page 43), 16. Great bustard (page 55), 17. Goliath birdeater (page 23), 18. Yellow-eyed penguin (page 81), 19. Monarch butterfly (page 11), 20. Vampire bat (page 17), 21. 4 in or 10 cm (page 71), 22. Wallace’s flying frog (page 72), 23. Stag beetle (page 52).

11. In what area would you find a mandrill?

3. How many ants can an aardvark

eat a night?

3

2

1

4

5

6

78

10

This country is made of two main islands and lots of other, smaller ones.

This South American rain forest is home to 2.5 million different species of insects.

This famous mountain range in Europe includes lakes, glaciers, meadows, and forests.

This area of scrubland shares its name with the sea it borders.

This continent, found at the bottom of the Earth, is the world’s coldest.

These volcanic islands are home to many unique animals named after the area.

This area in northern Africa is the largest hot desert in the world.

This high prairie stretches across parts of Canada and the United States.

The rain forests of this area are some of the oldest on Earth.

This desert in southern Africa gets enough rain for grass and other plants to grow.9

US_090_091_Atlas_picture_quiz.indd 90 23/05/2017 16:35

91

ATLAS PICTURE QUIZAnswers: Page 90 Name the habitat: 1. Sahara desert (pages 36–37), 2. Kalahari (page 42), 3. Great Plains (page 12), 4. New Zealand (pages 80–81), 5. Amazon rain forest (pages 22–23), 6. Antarctica (pages 84–85), 7. Southeast Asia (pages 72–73), 8. The Galápagos (page 29), 9. Mediterranean scrubland (pages 56–57), 10. The Alps (page 54). Page 91 Guess the icon: 1. Clouded leopard (page 68), 2. Colossal squid (page 85), 3. 50,000 (page 42), 4. Green (page 56), 5. One year (page 51), 6. The Andes (page 24), 7. 29

1⁄2 in or 75 cm (page 56),

8. Common wombat (page 79), 9. Western deserts (page 14), 10. African spurred tortoise (page 37), 11. Congo Basin (page 38), 12. Giant ameiva (page 31), 13. Resplendent quetzal (page 16), 14. Narwhal (page 87), 15. Madagascar (page 43), 16. Great bustard (page 55), 17. Goliath birdeater (page 23), 18. Yellow-eyed penguin (page 81), 19. Monarch butterfly (page 11), 20. Vampire bat (page 17), 21. 4 in or 10 cm (page 71), 22. Wallace’s flying frog (page 72), 23. Stag beetle (page 52).

All of the answers to these questions appear somewhere in this book. You can check if you are correct at the bottom

of this page.

FIND THE FACT

11. In what area would you find a mandrill?

13. What bird has two tail feathers twice the length

of its body?

2. What sea creature has the largest eyes of any animal?

20. What bat drinks other

animals’ blood?

15. On what island does the ring-tailed

lemur live?

19. What butterfly migrates from northern

North America to Mexico?

8. What animal has cube-shaped poop?

6. In what mountain range

would you find the spectacled bear?

1. What is the smallest of the

“big cats”?

14. What whale has a tusk that can grow to 10 ft (3 m) long?

17. What is the heaviest spider in

the world?

22. What frog uses its feet to parachute from tree to tree?

21. How long can the Indian tiger’s

fangs grow?

4. What color, other than blue, can the Mediterranean

tree frog be?

18. What penguin lays its eggs in forests?

10. What is the largest tortoise

in Africa?

5. For how long does a seven-spot

ladybug live?

12. What lizard is also called the

racerunner?

16. What is the heaviest flying bird

on Earth?

7. How long do the Iberian ibex’s horns grow?

23. What beetle with antlerlike jaws is this?

9. Where does the Gila monster live?

3. How many ants can an aardvark

eat a night?

4

5

US_090_091_Atlas_picture_quiz.indd 91 31/03/2017 14:50

92

Glossaryamphibians

Cold-blooded animals that live both on land and in water, such as frogs and newts

birdsWarm-blooded animals that are covered in feathers and have a bill, many of which can fly, such as eagles

climateNormal weather pattern during the year in any part of the world

coniferous treeType of tree with cones and needlelike leaves that keeps its leaves all year round

continentsSeven large areas of land that the world is divided into: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, and South America

coral reefsRocklike structures formed by coral animals in the shallow waters along coasts

deciduous treeType of tree that loses its leaves in the fall or the dry season

desertDry region that gets very little rainfall in a year. Deserts can be hot or cold

endangeredWord used to describe a species of plant or animal with only a few living members left

equatorImaginary line around the middle of the Earth

extinctWord used to describe a plant or animal species that has no living members

fishCold-blooded animals that live in water and have gills and fins, such as salmon

habitatEnvironment in which an animal or plant lives

hibernationSleeplike state some animals enter in winter

invertebratesCold-blooded animals without a backbone, such as insects, spiders, or squids

islandPiece of land that has water all around it

mammalsWarm-blooded animals that have hair and feed their young with milk, such as mice

mangrovesTrees that live in salty water and have long, stiltlike roots

marsupialType of mammal that keeps its young in a pouch

migrationMovement of a large number of animals from one area to another. Animals migrate to follow warmer weather and to find food

mountainArea of land that rises up much higher than the land around it to form a peak

national parkArea of countryside that has been preserved in its natural state by the government of a country to protect the wildlife there and for people to enjoy

nativeWord used to describe an animal that comes from a particular area or country

nocturnalWord used to describe animals that are awake during the night

oceanVery large sea. There are five oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern

plainArea of flat land with few trees, often covered with grass

plateauLarge area of high, flat land

polar regionsAreas within the polar circles. Polar regions are covered in snow and ice for most of the year and are extremely cold

predatorAnimal that hunts other living animals for food

preyAnimal that is hunted for food

rain forestsDense forests with very high rainfall. Most are near the equator and are also very hot

reptilesCold-blooded animals covered in dry, scaly skin such as snakes, tortoises, and crocodiles

scrublandArea of land covered in different types of grass, and small trees and bushes

speciesParticular group of animals or plants that share similar features

taigaArea of cold, coniferous forest found near the Arctic Circle

temperate grasslandLarge areas of grass found in regions with hot and cold seasons, such as prairie, steppe, and pampas

temperate regionsAreas with hot and cold seasons found between tropical and polar regions

tropical grasslandLarge areas of grass found in areas that are hot all year round, such as savanna and cerrado

tropical regionsAreas that are hot all year round, found near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

tundraCold, treeless plains found near the Arctic Circle

wetlandsLand with wet, spongy soil, such as a marsh or swamp

Aaardvarks 42, 44acacia trees 34, 41Afghanistan 60, 64, 65Africa 34–45Alaska 10Albania 47, 52, 57albatrosses 84Algeria 34, 36alligators 18The Alps 54Amazon rain forest 20, 22–23Amazon River 21Andes 21, 24–25, 32–33Andorra 46anglerfish 88Angola 34–35, 40, 42anhingas 18Antarctic Circle 6Antarctica 84–85anteaters 22, 30antelopes 12, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 62, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75ants 23, 30, 52Arabian Peninsula 60, 70Arctic 86–87Arctic Circle 6Argentina 20, 25, 26–27armadillos 15, 31Armenia 60, 65Asia 60–75Asian steppe 64assassin bugs 26asses 67, 74Atlantic Ocean 88Australasia 76–83Australia 76, 78–79, 82–83Austria 46, 52, 54aye-ayes 43Azerbaijan 60, 65

Bbaboons 40, 70badgers 10, 50, 59Bahamas 9, 17Bahrain 60, 70Bangladesh 61, 67baobabs 43barracudas 18barrier islands 9batfish 17bats 17, 48, 53, 59, 72, 80bears 8, 10, 13, 24, 33, 47, 62, 66, 71, 73, 86beavers 11, 59bee-eaters 39bees 51beetles 22, 41, 52Belarus 47, 48, 53, 55, 58–59Belgium 46, 52

Index

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reptilesCold-blooded animals covered in dry, scaly skin such as snakes, tortoises, and crocodiles

scrublandArea of land covered in different types of grass, and small trees and bushes

speciesParticular group of animals or plants that share similar features

taigaArea of cold, coniferous forest found near the Arctic Circle

temperate grasslandLarge areas of grass found in regions with hot and cold seasons, such as prairie, steppe, and pampas

temperate regionsAreas with hot and cold seasons found between tropical and polar regions

tropical grasslandLarge areas of grass found in areas that are hot all year round, such as savanna and cerrado

tropical regionsAreas that are hot all year round, found near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

tundraCold, treeless plains found near the Arctic Circle

wetlandsLand with wet, spongy soil, such as a marsh or swamp

Aaardvarks 42, 44acacia trees 34, 41Afghanistan 60, 64, 65Africa 34–45Alaska 10Albania 47, 52, 57albatrosses 84Algeria 34, 36alligators 18The Alps 54Amazon rain forest 20, 22–23Amazon River 21Andes 21, 24–25, 32–33Andorra 46anglerfish 88Angola 34–35, 40, 42anhingas 18Antarctic Circle 6Antarctica 84–85anteaters 22, 30antelopes 12, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 62, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75ants 23, 30, 52Arabian Peninsula 60, 70Arctic 86–87Arctic Circle 6Argentina 20, 25, 26–27armadillos 15, 31Armenia 60, 65Asia 60–75Asian steppe 64assassin bugs 26asses 67, 74Atlantic Ocean 88Australasia 76–83Australia 76, 78–79, 82–83Austria 46, 52, 54aye-ayes 43Azerbaijan 60, 65

Bbaboons 40, 70badgers 10, 50, 59Bahamas 9, 17Bahrain 60, 70Bangladesh 61, 67baobabs 43barracudas 18barrier islands 9batfish 17bats 17, 48, 53, 59, 72, 80bears 8, 10, 13, 24, 33, 47, 62, 66, 71, 73, 86beavers 11, 59bee-eaters 39bees 51beetles 22, 41, 52Belarus 47, 48, 53, 55, 58–59Belgium 46, 52

Belize 9, 16Benin 34bharals 67Bhutan 61, 67Białowieża Forest 58–59birch trees 62birds of paradise 73bison 8, 12, 59blue tits 52bobcats 14Bolivia 20, 23, 24, 28, 30bongos 38bonobos 38boobies 29Borneo 61, 72Bosnia & Herzegovina 47, 52, 57Botswana 40, 42Brazil 20–21, 22–23, 24, 28, 30–31British Isles 46, 50–51, 52brittle stars 85Brunei 61, 73buffaloes 38, 72Bulgaria 47, 55, 57Burkina Faso 34Burundi 35bush babies 40bustards 37, 55, 75butterflies 11, 22, 54, 68

Ccacti 15caimans 28The Camargue 46Cambodia 61, 72camels 35, 37, 60, 75Cameroon 34, 38Canada 8–9, 10–11, 12–13, 86Cape Verde 34capercaillies 49capybaras 20, 28caracals 70caracaras 25, 33cardinals 13Caribbean 9, 17Carpathian Mountains 47Caspian Sea 64cats 15, 27, 31, 64, 70centipedes 56Central African Republic 34–35, 38Central America 9, 16Central Asian deserts 65Cerrado 30–31Chad 34–35, 37, 38chameleons 43, 56chamois 54chapis 38cheetahs 42, 45cherry trees 69chickens 12Chihuahuan desert 15Chile 20, 25

chimpanzees 39China 60, 61, 64, 65, 66–67, 68–69, 72, 74–75chinchillas 25chipmunks 63choughs 54clams 83climatic zones 6clown fish 83coatis 23cock of the rocks 25cod 83, 86colocolos 32Colombia 20, 22, 24Comoros 35condors 25, 32Congo 34, 38Congo Basin 38–39continents 6–7coral 82coral reefs 77, 82–83Cordillera Blanca 32–33cork oaks 57cormorants 29Corsica 56Costa Rica 9, 16coyotes 12coypus 26crabs 29, 51, 89cranes 69crayfish 81Crete 57Croatia 46, 52, 54, 57crocodiles 17, 37, 79crossbills 49crows 49Cuba 9, 17cuckoos 56culpeos 33cuttlefish 88Cyprus 60Czech Republic 46, 52

Ddamselflies 81deer 8, 13, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, 51, 53, 58, 62, 68Democratic Republic of the Congo 35, 38, 40–41Denmark 46, 52desert broom 14deserts 14–15, 35, 36–37, 42, 60, 65, 70, 74–75, 76, 78, 84dingoes 79dinosaur fossils 74Djibouti 35dogs 25, 31, 40, 58, 69, 79dolphins 22, 73, 81, 89Dominican Republic 9, 17dormice 51, 53ducks 33, 49, 68, 69

dugongs 82

Eeagles 8, 12, 23, 39, 45, 49, 55, 64East Asian forests 68–69East Timor 61, 73eastern forests 13echidnas 79Ecuador 20, 22, 24eels 23Egypt 35, 37El Salvador 9, 16elephants 40, 45, 71emus 78England 51equator 6Equatorial Guinea 34Eritrea 35, 37Estonia 47, 48, 52Ethiopia 35, 37Europe 46–59European forests 52–53European steppe 55The Everglades 18–19

Ffalcons 64Falkland Islands 21, 25Fiji 77Finland 47, 48, 52, 87fireflies 11flamingos 21, 24, 41Florida 18–19forests 13, 22–23, 35, 52–53, 58–59, 68–69, 71, 77 see also rain forests; taigafossas 43foxes 12, 13, 26, 36, 52, 58, 65, 67, 87France 46, 52, 54, 56French Guiana 21, 23frigate birds 17frogs 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 31, 39, 42, 43, 56, 63, 72, 80fynbos 34

GGabon 34, 38galagos 40Galápagos 29gallinules 19The Gambia 34gazelles 37, 65, 70, 75geckos 36, 57geese 11, 25, 32geladas 35Georgia 60gerbils 65Germany 46, 52, 54Ghana 34gibbons 72giraffes 34, 41, 44

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Niger 34, 37Nigeria 34, 37nightingales 55nightjars 52North America 8–19North Korea 61, 69North Pole 87Northern Ireland 51Norway 46, 48, 52, 87

Ooaks 51, 57oceans 88–89ocelots 16octopuses 89okapis 38Oman 60, 70onagers 64opossums 13, 31orangutans 61, 72ospreys 49ostriches 42otters 10, 28, 51outback 76owls 11, 13, 15, 27, 48, 51, 53, 59, 63, 81, 87

PPacific Ocean 88–89Pakistan 60, 65, 66, 71Palau 76pampas 21, 26–27pampas grass 27Panama 9, 16pandas 67pangolins 39Pantanal 20, 28panthers 19Papua New Guinea 76, 79Paraguay 21, 23, 28, 30parrots 38, 81partridges 70Patagonia 21peafowl 71pelicans 57, 76penguins 29, 76, 81, 84, 85Peru 20, 22, 24, 32–33petrels 85pheasants 69Philippines 61, 73pigeons 53, 81pigs 17, 39, 56pine martens 54, 58piranhas 23plankton 89platypuses 79Poland 47, 52, 58–59polar bears 86

goats 65, 66, 69Gobi desert 74–75gorals 69gorillas 38grasslands 30–31 see also pampas; savanna; steppesGreat Barrier Reef 82–83Great Plains 8, 12Greece 47, 52, 57Greenland 9, 87grisons 27guanacos 32Guatemala 9, 16Guinea 34guinea pigs 24Guinea-Bissau 34Guyana 21, 23

Hhabitats 5, 6Haiti 9, 17hamsters 55hares 12, 48, 65, 66, 87hawks 29heather 46hedgehogs 50, 65herons 18Himalayas 61, 66–67hippopotamuses 40, 44hogs 39Honduras 9, 16honey badgers 44hoopoes 53hornbills 41hornets 71horses 46, 60, 64, 70, 75hummingbirds 15, 16, 33Hungary 47, 52hutias 17hyenas 36hyraxes 70

Iibexes 54, 56icefish 84Iceland 46, 48iguanas 29, 30impalas 41, 45India 60, 66, 71, 72Indian forests 71Indian Ocean 89Indonesia 61, 73Iran 65, 70Iraq 60, 70Ireland 46, 51Israel 60, 70Italy 46, 52, 54, 57Ivory Coast 34

polar zones 6, 7polecats 55, 64, 74ponies 9porcupine fish 89porcupines 42porpoises 51Portugal 46, 56possums 78, 79prairie dogs 8, 12prairie shoestring 12ptarmigans 54Puerto Rico 9, 17puffins 48pumas 15

QQatar 60, 70quetzals 16

Rrabbits 12, 14, 56raccoons 13, 69rafflesia flowers 72rain forest 9, 20, 38–39, 61, 72–73rats 15rays 73, 88Red Sea 35, 37redwood trees 8reindeer 86rheas 21, 26rhinoceroses 40, 71, 72roadrunners 15robins 51, 63Romania 47, 52, 55, 57rubythroats 63Russian Federation 47, 48–49, 53, 55, 60–61, 68–69, 86Rwanda 35

Ssables 62Sahara desert 35, 36–37salamanders 54, 68salmon 10, 88salmonberries 10Samoa 77San Marino 46sandgrouse 37sardines 88Sardinia 56Saudi Arabia 60, 70savanna 34, 40–41, 44, 60saxaul trees 75scorpions 37, 38Scotland 46, 50scrubland 56–57sea anemones 83sea breams 77

Jjackals 57jaguars 23Jamaica 9, 17Japan 61, 69jays 49jellyfish 83jerboas 37, 74Jordan 60, 70

Kkakapos 81Kalahari desert 42kangaroos 77, 78kapok trees 22kauri trees 80Kazakhstan 60, 64, 65keas 81Kenya 35kererus 81kiangs 67kingfishers 27, 78Kiribati 77kites 19, 51kiwis 80koalas 79Komodo dragons 73kookaburras 78Kosovo 47, 52, 57krill 85Kruger National Park 44–45Kuwait 60, 70Kyrgyzstan 60, 64, 65

Lladybugs 51Laos 61, 72Latvia 47, 48, 52Lebanon 60lemmings 48, 86, 87lemurs 43leopards 38, 61, 67, 68Lesotho 35Liberia 34Libya 34–35, 37lichen 86Liechtenstein 46lions 40, 45Lithuania 47, 48, 52lizards 14, 26, 29, 30, 31, 36, 56, 70, 72, 73, 78llamas 24locust 36loons 11lungfish 39Luxembourg 46, 52lynxes 48, 57

Mmacaws 9, 30Macedonia 47, 52, 55, 57Madagascar 35, 43magpies 57Majorca 56Malawi 35Malaysia 61, 72Mali 34, 36Malta 46, 57manakins 30mandrills 38mantises 72maras 26marlins 17marmots 54, 64, 66, 74Marshall Islands 77Mauritania 34, 36Mauritius 35meadowlarks 27Mediterranean scrubland 56–57Mediterranean Sea 47, 56–57meerkats 42Mexico 8–9, 15mice 51, 53, 55, 59, 66Micronesia 76midges 85millipedes 52minks 52Mojave desert 14, 15Moldova 47, 53mole rats 55moles 55Monaco 46Mongolia 60, 61, 68, 74–75mongooses 71monkeys 16, 23, 28, 41, 56, 68, 69, 70, 73Montenegro 47, 52, 57moorland 46moose 11, 47Morocco 34, 36mosquitoes 39moss 46moths 43, 57mountains 8, 24–25, 35, 54, 61, 66–67Mozambique 35, 41musk oxen 86mussels 88Myanmar (Burma) 61, 67, 72

NNamibia 34–35, 40, 42Nauru 77Nepal 60, 66Netherlands 46, 52New Zealand 77, 80–81newts 55Nicaragua 9, 16

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Niger 34, 37Nigeria 34, 37nightingales 55nightjars 52North America 8–19North Korea 61, 69North Pole 87Northern Ireland 51Norway 46, 48, 52, 87

Ooaks 51, 57oceans 88–89ocelots 16octopuses 89okapis 38Oman 60, 70onagers 64opossums 13, 31orangutans 61, 72ospreys 49ostriches 42otters 10, 28, 51outback 76owls 11, 13, 15, 27, 48, 51, 53, 59, 63, 81, 87

PPacific Ocean 88–89Pakistan 60, 65, 66, 71Palau 76pampas 21, 26–27pampas grass 27Panama 9, 16, 24pandas 67pangolins 39Pantanal 20, 28panthers 19Papua New Guinea 76, 79Paraguay 21, 23, 28, 30parrots 38, 81partridges 70Patagonia 21peafowl 71pelicans 57, 76penguins 29, 76, 81, 84, 85Peru 20, 22, 24, 32–33petrels 85pheasants 69Philippines 61, 73pigeons 53, 81pigs 17, 39, 56pine martens 54, 58piranhas 23plankton 89platypuses 79Poland 47, 52, 58–59polar bears 86

polar zones 6, 7polecats 55, 64, 74ponies 9porcupine fish 89porcupines 42porpoises 51Portugal 46, 56possums 78, 79prairie dogs 8, 12prairie shoestring 12ptarmigans 54Puerto Rico 9, 17puffins 48pumas 15

QQatar 60, 70quetzals 16

Rrabbits 12, 14, 56raccoons 13, 69rafflesia flowers 72rain forest 9, 20, 38–39, 61, 72–73rats 15rays 73, 88Red Sea 35, 37redwood trees 8reindeer 86rheas 21, 26rhinoceroses 40, 71, 72roadrunners 15robins 51, 63Romania 47, 52, 55, 57rubythroats 63Russian Federation 47, 48–49, 53, 55, 60–61, 68–69, 86Rwanda 35

Ssables 62Sahara desert 35, 36–37salamanders 54, 68salmon 10, 88salmonberries 10Samoa 77San Marino 46sandgrouse 37sardines 88Sardinia 56Saudi Arabia 60, 70savanna 34, 40–41, 44, 60saxaul trees 75scorpions 37, 38Scotland 46, 50scrubland 56–57sea anemones 83sea breams 77

sea lions 29, 81sea urchins 89seagulls 60sea horses 88seals 47, 50, 63, 84, 87seas 88–89secretary birds 44Senegal 34Serbia 47, 52, 57seriemas 31serows 69serratulas 66Seychelles 35sharks 78, 83, 87, 88, 89sheep 14, 36, 63, 67shrews 54shrimps 83Sicily 57Sierra Leone 34skuas 85skunks 13sloths 16, 71Slovakia 47, 52Slovenia 46, 52, 54slugs 8, 82snails 28, 80snakes 12, 15, 18, 23, 24, 28, 30, 36, 51, 53, 65, 68, 71, 73, 79, 83Snares Islands 76solenodons 17Solomon Islands 77Somalia 35Sonoran desert 15South Africa 34–35, 42, 44–45South America 20–33South Korea 61, 69South Pole 84South Sudan 35, 38Southeast Asian rain forest 72–73Southern savanna 40–41Spain 46, 56spiders 14, 19, 23, 79spiny forest 35sponges 82spoonbills 28spruce trees 49squid 85squirrels 13, 50, 59, 62, 64, 71Sri Lanka 60, 71starfish 82starlings 55steppes 21, 55, 64stick insects 24stingrays 73stoats 49storks 28sturgeon 89Sudan 35, 37

sugar gliders 79sugar maples 13sunbirds 72sunfish 18Suriname 21Swaziland 35Sweden 46, 48, 52, 87Switzerland 46, 52, 54Syria 60

Ttahrs 66taiga 10–11, 47, 48–49, 62–63Taiwan 61, 73Tajikistan 60, 64, 65tamarins 22tangs 82Tanzania 35tapirs 16tarsiers 73tayras 16temperate zones 6, 7tenrecs 43termites 31terns 86Thailand 61, 72thorny devils 78Tibetan Plateau 66–67tigers 62, 71toads 49, 58, 67Togo 34Tonga 77toothfish 84tortoises 14, 29, 37, 43, 57, 64toucans 23Trinidad and Tobago 9, 17trogons 17Tropic of Cancer 6Tropic of Capricorn 6tropical zone 6, 7tuataras 81tuna 88tundra 86Tunisia 34, 36turacos 38Turkey 47, 60Turkmenistan 60, 65turtles 10, 17, 18, 83, 89Tuvalu 77

UUganda 35Ukraine 47, 53, 55United Arab Emirates 60, 70United Kingdom 46, 50–51United States of America (USA) 8–9, 10, 12–15, 18–19, 86Ural Mountains 49, 55

Uruguay 21, 27Uzbekistan 60, 64, 65

VVanuatu 77Vatican City 46Venezuela 17, 20, 22vicuñas 25Vietnam 61, 72vizcachas 27, 32voles 52vultures 14, 30, 42, 44, 67

WWales 51walruses 87warthogs 42water lilies 28weasels 53, 67weavers 42western deserts 14–15Western Sahara 34, 36wetas 80wetlands 18–19, 20, 28, 46whales 80, 84, 87, 88, 89wild boars 47, 53wildcats 50wildebeests 41witchetty grubs 78wolverines 49wolves 8, 10, 11, 30, 47, 56, 58, 66wombats 79woodpeckers 59, 63world map 6–7

Yyaks 61, 66Yemen 60, 70

ZZambia 35, 40–41zebras 40, 45Zimbabwe 35, 41

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CreditsDorling Kindersley would like to thank Dr. Don E. Wilson, Curator Emeritus, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, for his expert consultation.

The publisher would also like to thank the following people for their help in preparing this book: Kealy Gordon and Ellen Nanney at the Smithsonian; Helen Peters for the index; Polly Goodman for proofreading; Joylon Goddard and Katy Lennon for additional editing; and Jagtar Singh and Sachin Singh for additional design.

Picture Credits: The publisher would also like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs:

(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top)

8 Alamy Stock Photo: John Hyde / Design Pics Inc (c). iStockphoto.com: ericfoltz (bl); Pawel Gaul (cl). 9 iStockphoto.com: John_Wijsman (tr); OGphoto (cr). 11 Alamy Stock Photo: Danny Green / Nature Picture Library (tl); Vl_K (tr). Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (br). 12 123RF.com: wrangel (br). Corbis: Ocean (cl). 13 123RF.com: Marie-Ann Daloia (cr). Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (tl). 14 Alamy Stock Photo: Wayne Lynch / All Canada Photos (tc). SuperStock: Cyril Ruoso / Minden Pictures (cl). 16 Fotolia: Eric Isselee (cl). 17 Photolibrary: Photodisc / Tom Brakefield (tr). 18 Alamy Stock Photo: WaterFrame_eda (cl). Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (cr). Dreamstime.com: Brian Lasenby (cb). Getty Images: Joe McDonald / Corbis Documentary (bl). 18-19 Getty Images: Tim Graham / Getty Images News. 19 Alamy Stock Photo: George Grall / National Geographic Creative (bl). iStockphoto.com: FernandoAH (tl); madcorona (crb); hakoar (tr); ygluzberg (cl). 20 Alamy Stock Photo: Denis-Huot Michel / hemis.fr / Hemis (bl). iStockphoto.com: Marcelo Horn (cl). 21 123RF.com: belikova (b). Alamy Stock Photo: blickwinkel / Wothe (cr). iStockphoto.com: Magaiza (tr). 22 iStockphoto.com: Leonardo Prest Mercon Ro / LeoMercon (cl). 23 123RF.com: Anan Kaewkhammul (br). Alamy Stock Photo: Amazon-Images (cra). 24 SuperStock: Albert Lleal / Minden Pictures (tc). 25 Dorling Kindersley: Blackpool Zoo (br). iStockphoto.com: webguzs (bl). 26 SuperStock: Juniors (cl). 27 Alamy Stock Photo: Johner Images (tr). Dorling Kindersley: Gary Ombler (br). 28 123RF.com: Francisco de Casa Gonzalez (br); Ondřej Prosický (tr). Alamy Stock Photo: James Brunker (bl). 29 123RF.com: mark52 (bl). Alamy Stock Photo: Reinhard Dirscherl (cr). 30 Dorling Kindersley: Greg Dean / Yvonne Dean (cl). 31 naturepl.com: Luiz Claudio Marigo (br). SuperStock: Minden Pictures (cra). 32 123RF.com: Martin Otero (cl). Dorling Kindersley: Hanne Eriksen / Jens Eriksen (fcrb); Prof. Marcio Motta (cb). Dreamstime.com: Jeremy Richards (bl). 33 123RF.com: Martin Schneiter (c). Dorling Kindersley: E. J. Peiker (tr). Dreamstime.com: Musat Christian (cr). SuperStock: Glenn Bartley / All Canada Photos (bl, tl). 34 Alamy Stock Photo: Michele Burgess (bc); Lars Johansson (cl).

Maxim Petrichuk (bl). iStockphoto.com: muha04 (cra). SuperStock: Biosphoto (ca). 76 Alamy Stock Photo: David Foster (clb); Schöttger / mauritius images GmbH (cla); Frans Lanting Studio (bc). 77 Alamy Stock Photo: WaterFrame_fba (tr). SuperStock: Roland Seitre / Minden Pictures (tl). 78 Alamy Stock Photo: FLPA (br). 79 Fotolia: Eric Isselee (br). 80 Getty Images: Robin Bush / Oxford Scientific (bl). 81 123RF.com: petervick167 (tl). 82 123RF.com: Daniel Poloha (br). Alamy Stock Photo: Barry Brown / DanitaDelimont.com / Danita Delimont (c). Dreamstime.com: Izanbar (cl). iStockphoto.com: LeventKonuk (bl). SuperStock: Fred Bavendam / Minden Pictures (tr); Ron Offermans / Buiten-beeld / Minden Pictures (cr). 82-83 Alamy Stock Photo: Norbert Probst / imageBROKER. 83 123RF.com: antos777 (cla). Alamy Stock Photo: Reinhard Dirscherl (br). Dreamstime.com: Carol Buchanan (bc); Apidech Ninkhlai (tc); Whitcomberd (tr). SuperStock: Fred Bavendam / Minden Pictures (clb, ftl, tl); D. Parer & E. Parer-Cook / Minden Pictures (fbl). 84 Alamy Stock Photo: David Osborn (bl). 85 Getty Images: Bill Curtsinger / National Geographic (tr); David Tipling / Digital Vision (br). 86 123RF.com: Ondřej Prosický (cla). 87 Alamy Stock Photo: Arco / G. Lacz / Arco Images GmbH (tr). Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (br). 88 iStockphoto.com: BulentBARIS (tc). 89 Dreamstime.com: Igor Dolgov (tr).

All other images © Dorling Kindersley

For further information see: www.dkimages.com

35 Alamy Stock Photo: Ange (br); Aivar Mikko (tc). iStockphoto.com: helovi (cra). 36 Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (br). 38 Dorling Kindersley: Liberty’s Owl, Raptor and Reptile Centre, Hampshire, UK (bl). 39 123RF.com: Andrey Gudkov (cr); Jatesada Natayo (tr). 41 123RF.com: pytyczech (bc). Alamy Stock Photo: Andrew Mackay (r). 42 Dorling Kindersley: Wildlife Heritage Foundation, Kent, UK (bl). Dreamstime.com: Artushfoto (ftr). SuperStock: Alexander Koenders / NiS / Minden Pictures (tr). 43 Alamy Stock Photo: Travel Africa (cl); Eric Nathan (br). Dreamstime.com: Faunuslsd (bl). 44 Depositphotos Inc: Meoita (cb). Dorling Kindersley: Blackpool Zoo, Lancashire, UK (crb). Dreamstime.com: Lauren Pretorius (bl). SuperStock: Biosphoto (cl); Roger de la Harpe / Africa (c). 45 Dorling Kindersley: Suzanne Porter / Rough Guides (fcra). Dreamstime.com: Clickit (c); Ecophoto (tr); Rixie (cra); Mark De Scande (cr); Fabio Lamanna (bc). 46 Dreamstime.com: Philip Bird (c). iStockphoto.com: nimu1956 (clb). 47 Alamy Stock Photo: Images & Stories (cr). iStockphoto.com: misterbike (tr); vencavolrab (bc). 49 Dorling Kindersley: ZSL Whipsnade Zoo (tr). Dreamstime.com: Anagram1 (tl). SuperStock: Juniors (br). 50 123RF.com: Piotr Krześlak (tc). 51 Dorling Kindersley: Hoa Luc (br). 52 Dorling Kindersley: British Wildlife Centre, Surrey, UK (bl). 53 123RF.com: alucard21 (tr). Dorling Kindersley: Rollin Verlinde (bl). 54 Dorling Kindersley: British Wildlife Centre, Surrey, UK (bl). iStockphoto.com: mauribo (br). 55 Dreamstime.com: Mikelane45 (crb). SuperStock: Kurt Kracher / imagebro / imageBROKER (tr). 57 Dreamstime.com: García Juan (tr); Rosemarie Kappler (tl). 58 Dorling Kindersley: British Wildlife Centre, Surrey, UK (cr, c); Jerry Young (cl). Dreamstime.com: Valentino2 (bl). 58-59 Alamy Stock Photo: Aleksander Bolbot. 59 123RF.com: alein (tc); Alexey Sokolov (bl). Dorling Kindersley: Rollin Verlinde (ftr). Fotolia: Eric Isselee (cr). 60 Alamy Stock Photo: Danita Delimont / Gavriel Jecan (cl); Ethiopia / Panther Media GmbH (bl). iStockphoto.com: Danielrao (tr). 61 Alamy Stock Photo: Art Wolfe / Cultura RM (cr). iStockphoto.com: fotoVoyager (tr). 62 123RF.com: Sergey Krasnoshchokov (cl). Dorling Kindersley: Blackpool Zoo (bl). 63 Dreamstime.com: Silviu Matei (tl). iStockphoto.com: Gerdzhikov (br). 64 Dorling Kindersley: Twan Leenders (tr). 65 Dreamstime.com: Dmytro Pylypenko (tl). 66 Dreamstime.com: Rudra Narayan Mitra (bc). 67 Dorling Kindersley: Connor Daly (tr); Wildlife Heritage Foundation, Kent, UK (b). 68 Dreamstime.com: Vasiliy Vishnevskiy (bl). iStockphoto.com: Biscut (cl). 69 Dorling Kindersley: Jerry Young (br). 70 123RF.com: Shlomo Polonsky (bl); wrangel (br). Alamy Stock Photo: blickwinkel / McPHOTO / MAS (tr). 71 123RF.com: tonarinokeroro (cra). SuperStock: Biosphoto (br). 72 Dreamstime.com: Phittavas (tl). 73 123RF.com: aquafun (tr). 74-75 Alamy Stock Photo: David Tipling Photo Library. 74 Dreamstime.com: Evgovorov (bl). naturepl.com: Roland Seitre (cb). SuperStock: Biosphoto (cra, cr); Pete Oxford / Minden Pictures (crb); Stock Connection (cl). 75 Dreamstime.com: Mikelane45 (tc);

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Children's Illustrated Animal Atlas - Deva Medical Center

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