"Чей это город?" Визуальная риторика демократии в...

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YAK 316. 334. 56+O08]"713" BER 60/5+71 PIO PeKo MeHAO Ban O K H 3 ABE H lo: PCAaKn xi OHHO-1.13AaTeAb CKnM COBer O M EGy (Hp OTO KoA N9 4 or 26. 01. 2008 r. ) PIO P.S. AaHAmaFTbx: OrzTHKM GOpOCRUX HCCAC- AOBaHH. C6OpHHK HayqHbIX TpyAoB / OTB. pe. H. Mn,\eploc, B. Koyn - BnAbmoc: Ely, 2008. - 474 c. ISBN 978-9955-773-22-1 aHHbl c6opHHK npeAcraBA ne'r co6o yH HKaAbHylO H 0 HbITKy HpeACTaBHT b pa3HO O6pa3H hie noOAbI st KoHllenTyaAH3aHm"t B HCCAe- AOBaHH HX rOpOACKOFO HpO CTpa HCTBa B KO HTC KCTC , KOTOp blH O6bIqHO O6O3Ha9aeTcH B KaqeCTBe HOCTCOHH aAHCTH9eCKOGO. GAaBHaH HeAb AaHHorO c6OpH nKa - Hun lIHH pona'rl, AH cKyccmo o pa3,\WmbxX H3M cpeHH six rOpOCKOI`O Hp OCTpaHCTBa H C HO co6ax e Po Koo pAHHaHHH C C O H Ha,\b H blM HCAbIM. C6OpHHK HpeAHa 3Ha qeH B Hep- ByIo oqepeAb a ynHBepCnTeTcKO ayAHropHH, BCCX, KTO HHTepccy- ETCH MCTOAOAOIHeH COHHaAbHhIX H KyAhTypHblX HCCAeaOBaHH, a TaK- e A pa3HOrO poAa HpaKTnKOB ropoAcKoro HpOCTpaHCTBa. Hea n peaAm3asin KHHJH CTa,\H BO3MOHbIMH B paMKax H 6AaroAapn npo- eKTy "Visual and Cultural Studies Reconsidered", fmIaHCHpyeMOrO H.E.S.P. yAK 31633456+O08]713' EEK 60/5+71 CepHsI <<Bu3yaAbHbIe H KyA bTypH hie HCcAeOBaHHH :I) 0 CH 083113 B 2003 r. ISBN 978-9955-773-22-1 Ely, 2008

Transcript of "Чей это город?" Визуальная риторика демократии в...

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AOBaHH. C6OpHHK HayqHbIX TpyAoB / OTB. pe.H. Mn,\eploc, B. Koyn - BnAbmoc : Ely, 2008. -474 c.

ISBN 978-9955-773-22-1

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H.E.S.P.yAK 31633456+O08]713'EEK 60/5+71

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Chung, C J. Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping /C.J. Chung [et al.]. Cologne, 2001, quote on inside of frontcover.Benhabib, S. Critique, Norm, Utopia / S. Benhabib. NY,1986. Chapter. 7~Lyotard, J.-F~ Just Gaming / J.-F. Lyotard; trans.WladGodzich. Minneapolis, 1985. P. 14.Lyotard, J.-F. The Postmodern Condition / J.-F. Lyotard //A Report on Knowledge. 1984.

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Debord, G. The Society of the Spectacle / G. Debord. Paris,1967. Chapter 7.Abercrombie, N. Audiences / N. Abercrombie, B. Long-burst. London, 1998; Bird, S.E. The Audience in EverydayLife. Living in Media World / S.E. Bird NY, 2003. O ro-poACKux ny6AnKax CM. MOIO CTaTbIO: "Between Refeudaliza-Lion and New Cultural Politics: the 300 Anniversary ofSt.Petersburg" // Martina Loew et al. (eds.) NegotiatingUrban Conflicts. Verlag, 2006. P. 155-167.

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12 Hall, P. Cities of Tomorrow. An Intellectual History of Ur-ban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century / P. Hall.Oxford, 1988. P. 9.

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ABSTRACT

Many studies of the transformations of the post-Sovieturban space tend to lament the loss of public space due toincreasing neoliberal privatization combined with authori-tarianism. The ambivalent outcome of the politics of easternEuropean countries and Russia over the last two decades hasbeen their inadvertent contribution to what seems to be awidespread disappointment in democracy. Many inhabitantsof the eastern European countries oscillate between their wishto be citizens of a truly democratic country and to have theirsay on important local and national matters, and their ev-eryday apolitical concerns. What would it mean to promptpeople to exercise their democratic imagination by suggestingdesigning new objects of public art for their city? Via a casestudy, the author suggests that different imaginings and ideasabout collectivity and democracy run through the many proj-ects designed by the amateurs. In seeking to understand thesedifferent imaginings, the author suggests that, in spite of thediscouraging political tendencies, there is what might be calledpersistence of democratic imagination.

Keywords: democracy, imagined, public art, the dialecticsof the realised and unrealised, urban planning, the tactics ofcity-dwellers.

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