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CHAPTER III

THE MEANING OF METAPHOR IN EDGAR ALLAN POE’S POEMS

In this chapter, the researcher present the finding and discussion from the

second research question. This chapter is explaining the meaning of metaphor in

Edgar Allan Poe’s Poems. There are two sections in this chapter. The first section

is describes the meaning of metaphor in every poem. The second section is

discussing of the meaning in every metaphor in each poems. There are nine poems

of Edgar Allan Poe that is analyzed in this section.

3.1Research Finding

After analyzing the data of Edgar Allan Poe’s poems, the researcher have

been finding many types of metaphor. In this section, the researcher explained the

meaning of metaphor in each poem. Edgar Allan Poe has created many poems in

his life. All of his poems are phenomenal in around Shakespeare world. In this

section, the researcher present nine poems that have full of meaning. Some poems

are: The Raven, A Dream within A Dream, Annabel Lee, Dreams, Dreamland,

Alone, Evening Star, Serenade, A Valentine and Eldorado.

Poe's best-known fiction works are Gothic,a genre that he followed to

appease the public taste. His the most recurring themes deal with questions of

death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of

premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works

are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to

transcendentalism that Poe strongly disliked.He referred to followers of the

transcendental movement as "Frog-Pondians", after the pond on Boston

Common,and ridiculed their writings as "metaphorrun mad,”lapsing into

"obscurity for obscurity's sake" or "mysticism for mysticism's sake". Poe once

wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike

Transcendentalists, "only the pretenders and sophists among them".

Beyond horror, Poe also wrote satires, humor tales, and hoaxes. For comic

effect, he used irony and ludicrous extravagance, often in an attempt to liberate

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the reader from cultural conformity. "Metzengerstein" is the first story that Poe is

known to have published and his first foray into horror, but it was originally

intended as a burlesque satirizing the popular genre. Poe also reinvented science

fiction, responding in his writing to emerging technologies such as hot air

balloons in "The Balloon-Hoax".Poe wrote much of his work using themes aimed

specifically at mass-market tastes. To that end, his fiction often included elements

of popular pseudoscience, such as phrenology and physiognomy (see Appendix 1)

3.1.1 The Raven

The Raven is one of the most famous American poems ever. Poe uses

several metaphors to make beautiful poems. In this poem, Poe chose Beautyto be

the theme of the poem since the beauty is the sole legitimate area of the poem

(Poe: 1850). After choosing beauty as the area of Poe’s poems, He considered

Sadness to be the highest manifestation of beauty. Beauty of whatever kind in its

supreme development invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. This poem also

involvedMelancholy that thus the most legitimate of all the poetic tones (Poe:

150).

Poe chose Death as a topic of this poem. All of the melancholy topics, Poe

wanted to uses the one that have universally understood. Therefore, Poe chose

Death as a topic in the raven poem. Poe and other writers believed that death of

beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because it closely allies itself

with Beauty. In this poems, Poe has been builds the tension stanza by stanza. The

raven is builds as a symbol the sadness of narrator that have been left by his lover.

It makes narrator sad throughout his life.

This poem told about the narrator that is sitting in his room. Half reading,

half falling asleep and trying to forget his lost love named Lenore when suddenly

hears something knocking at the door. That is time was midnight on a December

evening. The Raven disturbsthe narrator out of the window. Then, the raven

settles on a statue above the door. The narrator felt that someone or something that

is knocking the door was Lenore. However, when he opened the window, he felt

surprised saw The Raven that have eyes like demon in front of the narrator (see

appendix 3).

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Poe describes his method in writing "The Raven" in the essay "The

Philosophy of Composition", and he claims to have strictly followed this method.

It has been questioned whether he really followed this system, however. T. S.

Eliot said: "It is difficult for us to read that essay without reflecting that if Poe

plotted out his poem with such calculation, he might have taken a little more pains

over it: the result hardly does credit to the method."[103]

Biographer Joseph Wood

Krutch described the essay as "a rather highly ingenious exercise in the art of

rationalization"

Poe’s “The Raven “ Metaphors

The silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain

(P.1.S3.L13)

Source domain : silken

Target domain : sad

In this sentence, the author described silken sad like a human. This sentence

refer to fear of Poe that in one room and heard the rustling of curtain as a

fantastic terror in order to Poe mentions it as silken sad in this poem.The

word “silken sad” refer to ontological metaphor. Ontological metaphorsare

adding the qualities of human to what is not human. Silken is source domain

because it is abstract and sad is something that related with feel that is

sadness. Silken sad metaphor because we do not know how silken sad. It

could be a demonic movement of the curtains, which would cause even the

most stalwart individual to mutter to himself, or the speaker could be crazy.

All my soul within me burning

(P.1.S6.L1)

Source domain :soul

Target domain :burning

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In this metaphor, soulbecome source domain because it is abstract while

burning is something that burned, it is clear. Soul within me burning is

metaphor because Burning is not match with fire. In this line, the narrator felt

worse than ever. He is not comforted at all for coming the raven. The arrival

of the raven make the narrator fear and he like burned. In this metaphor, the

narrator with his burning soul is going through some rough times here.

Overall, in this metaphor the narrator feeling tortured. The word “soul within

me burning” includes implicit metaphor because this metaphor have

borrowed name to it, whichis not authorized.

Fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core

(P.1.S12.L2)

Source domain :eyes

Target domain :fiery

In this metaphor,eyes as source domain and fieryas target domain because it is

abstract. In this metaphor, “Fiery eyes” is metaphor because fiery is not

burned and used for parable because fire just for burn. In this line, the

narrator told about his feeling. He thinks and imagines that the fiery eyesof

the fowl as burned his bosom’s core. In this metaphor, the narrator ponders

how the narrator will nevermore see Lenore. The word of “fiery eyes now

burned” includes implicit metaphor.

3.1.2 A Dream within A Dream

A Dream within A Dream published in 1849. This poem examines the

subtleties of time, the perception and of it and its effect. In this poem implies that

time is slipping away tricking like a “sand” and implies that our existence is

unsubstantial just an abstraction of the mind. This poem told about the narrator

who experiencing depths of dispiritedness and despair. The narrator explores the

differences between the real and the imaginary. This poem focuses on the passing

of time as perceived through reflection at or near of one’s life. In the fullness of

time, the live of our life appear as dreams, fleeting and futile.

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Such many other poems, A Dream within A Dream uses the sea as a setting

for a discussion of death and decompose. In this poem, the narrator takes the idea

of a daydream. So, the narrator’s perception of reality occurs at two degrees of

detachment away from reality. The narrator makes this poem with many abstract

words. This poem reflects upon Poe as narrator through the dream medium and

the narrator could not distinguish causality in his perception.

Poe’s “A Dream within A Dream” Metaphors

Yet if hope has flown away

(P.2.S1.L6)

Source domain :hope

Target domain :flown away

In this metaphor, hope is source domain and flown away as target domain.

This sentence is metaphor because, flown away can used for anything such

bird and other. But here, flown away is used for hope in which the narrator is

not have hope. This metaphor includes standard metaphor.This line tells the

narrator is not ready to hit the road just yet because he has a few more cryptic

remarks for his friend. The narrator making metaphor in this line with

written“if hope has flown away” that means his hope flies away when his

girlfriend is gone. This line tells the sadness of narrator that leave by his

girlfriend. He said that everything he done is not important, if someone would

leave him. This metaphor includes standard metaphor in which hopes is lost.

Of a surf-tormented shore

(P.2.S2.L2)

Source domain :shore

Target domain :tormented

“shore” is a source domain because it is a place while “tormented” is target

domain because it is abstract. This line is metaphor exactly extended

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metaphor because those that make one central subject and add to sub-multiple

comparison. This line explained that the surfer is tormented with the shore. In

this line, the shore was disturbing. The narrator brought us to imagine the

sound of some really waves. If we look previous and next line after this line,

the reader would understand although just a little bit. There is a shore, it’s

tormented by some rough waves, which roar and it’s made up of golden sand

that the speaker actually grasp. This metaphor includes Extended Metaphor

because in this sentence, the narrator compare someone as the water in the sea

slowly but inexorably pound awayat the physical exsistence of the shore.

3.1.3 Annabel Lee

Annabel Lee is one the famous Poe’s poem. This poem has ever become

song and has ever filmed in different area and various versions. This poem told

about lost love that makes Poe broken heart. The lover of narrator named Annabel

Lee. The narrator is very love to Annabel Lee. Poe told the story of his love to

Annabel Lee. The place of this poem lies at the sea. Annabel Lee is one of the

reasons why Poe created this poem. In this poem, Poe described that he and

Annabel Lee were young when they loving each other.

In this poem, the narrator told that Annabel Lee has died. The death is not

going to separate him for Annabel Lee. Although Annabel Lee has died, their love

was stronger by far than the love. According to the narrator, his love make the

angels envy to their love. The narrator spends the time with lay near Annabel Lee.

The narrator is very love to Annabel Lee even he lay near Annabel Lee. The lost

of Annabel Lee make he felt tortured in his life.

Poe’s “Annabel Lee” Metaphors

In this kingdom by the sea

(P.3.S2.L2)

Source domain :thesea

Target domain :kingdom

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Besides the narrator explained about the time in his poem, he also explained

the place in some line. The narrator mentioned it continues the tone of the

fairy tale by reminding the readers that this has all happened in the kingdom

by the sea. This metaphor is conceptual metaphor, because this line tell the

place of poems and experience of the narrator.

A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling

(P.3.S3.L3)

Source domain :wind

Target domain :blew out of a cloud

This line includes synesthetic metaphor that are transmission of senses.In

this line “A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling” is the death of Annabel Lee

that likened with the wind blew of a cloud. The speaker blames the terrible

turn of events on the angels who coveted hi and Annabel Lee. In this line,

the narrator does not tell us right away that Annabel Lee died. But, if we

look from the word a wind blew out of a cloud, chilling. It can mark that

Annabel Lee have died. Just from the taste of wind blew that signify to die.

This line is synesthetic metaphor because it can be marked by the cold taste

of the narrator. The synesthetic metaphors are transmission of sense.

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams

(P.3.S6.L1)

Source domain :the moon never beams

Target domain :bringing me dreams

This line proof that the narrator and Annabel Lee’s love is not dead, at least

in the mind of the narrator. This line explained that narrator is always loves

to Annabel Lee every time even until the moon formed beams. In this line,

there is a message from the narrator that He will always love Annabel Lee

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even in his dream and his eyes always saw Annabel Lee. This metaphor

could be explained with Extended Metaphor.

3.1.4 Evening Star

This poem was first collected by Poe in Tamerlane and Other Poems early

in Poe’s career in 1827. In the poem, a stargazer thinks all the stars he sees look

cold. Except for one “Proud Evening Star which looks warm with a“distant fire”

the other stars lack. The poem was influenced by Thomas Moore’s poem under

the title “While Gazing on the Moon’s Light” (Wikipedia). This poem has adapted

by choral composer Jonathan Adams into his Three Songs from Edgar Allan Poe

in 1993. The Evening Star is a poem of contrasting emotions painted in the hues

of nature. The abundant usage of metaphors alludes to the fact that the poet indeed

visualizes the contrasts playing before his eyes on a summer night; and it makes

him drift away. I believe, the poem can be read through as nothing but a song of

the night sky with hints at personification of the harbingers of light in the night

sky: the moon and the stars.

Poe’s “Evening Star” Metaphors

Of the brighter, cold moon,

(P.4.S1.L5)

Source domain :cold

Target domain :moon

“cold” is source domain and “moon” is target domain because it is abstract.

We do not know what does the moon means. In this line, the narrator likens

the moon as a woman in the narrator’s life and the slave of the narrator. This

line describes that this woman who always whom he loves. Poe described

the nature in the night and imagines his woman in his life. The woman

whom very he loves but his woman does not have.

On her cold smile

(P.4.S1.L10)

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Source domain :cold

Target domain :smile

In this line, “cold” as source domainand “smile” as target domain. “cold

smile” refer to the woman that doesn’t like to the narrator. In this line, the

narrator gazed awhile to the woman. However, the woman gazed the

narrator with her cold smile even too cold for him. In this line, the narrator

implying that his woman as turned off to him. If we looked the next line, it

is clear that the woman and the narrator separated by distance so they cannot

together.

Thou bearest in Heav'n at night

(P.4.S1.L20)

Source domain :thou

Target domain :heaven

In this line, the narrator really tells to the reader that the narrator is happy.

The narrator more showed his love to the woman that he tells. He felt a

proud to the evening star that makes he felt beautiful. The narrator mention

its woman as something in the heaven at the night because it was give the

joy for him. The narrator also tells that he more admire to the bearest heaven

at the night.

3.1.5 Alone

Alone consist of 22 lines, originally written in 1829 and left untitled and

unpublished during Poe’s lifetime. The original manuscript was signed Edgar

Allan Poe and dated March 17, 1829. In February of that year, Poe’s foster mother

Frances Allan had died. In September 1875, the poem that had been in the

possession of a family in Baltimore, was published with its title in Scribner’s

Monthly. The editor E. L. Didier, also produced a facsimile of the manuscript,

though he admitted he added the date himself. This poem is now often included in

anthologies. Alone is often interpreted as autobiographical, expressing the

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author’s feelings of isolation and inner torment. Daniel Hoffman believed that

Alone was evidence that Poe really was a haunted man. The poem however is an

introspective about Poe’s youth written when he was only 20 year old.

Poe’s “Alone” Metaphors

My passions from a Common spring

(P.5.S1.L4)

Source domain :common spring

Target domain :my passions

“common spring” includes source domain and “my passions” is target

domain because it includes emotion. In this line, the narrator tells the

narrator who came for different source than everybody else’s. All his friend

come from some common place whereas his come from somewhere

completely different. This explained the experience of the narrator that did

not like what other people enjoyed. If we look the previous and next line,

we will understand about this line. That’s why this line including

Ontological metaphor, because ontological explained the experience of the

narrator through the object or substance could take aspects that have the

features itself.

—I could not awake

My heart to joy at the same tone

(P.5.S1.L7)

Source domain :heart

Target domain :joy at the same tone

“heart” refer to source domain because source domain involve part of a

human body while “joy at the same tone” refer to target domain, because it

includes to happiness. In these lines, the narrator showed that he cannot has

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the similar joy with his friend. The narrator could not awake or his heart to

joy at the same tone. This is a pretty effective metaphor if is likened, the

heart is “asleep”, but it can be woken up when it hears a “certain” tone. In

this line, the narrator could not join with his friend. He loves with his lonely.

In the word “I could not awake-My heart to joy at the same tone”, the

narrator explained clearly that he was not same with other people.

—in the dawn

Of a most stormy life-was drawn

(P.5.S1.L10)

Source domain :stormy

Target domain : life

“Stormy”as a source domain and “life” as target domain. This line is

metaphor because “stormy” match with life not with rain etc.Those lines

described narrator’s childhood that likened with “in the dawn- of a stormy

life”.It means, the narrator tell his childhood that so badly. In the previous

word, the narrator using “childhood” it means the beginning of life, hence

the word “dawn”. “Dawn” makes us think of the sun, a new day, a fresh star

and all that sort of stuff. The word of “dawn” was the beginning of one that

crummy and stormy life. The childhood of the narrator it can be sadness and

torture him if we look from the biography of him. In these is described from

the word “Of a most stormy life-was drawn. There is traumatic experience

that changed who is he now.

3.1.6 Serenade

This poem was first printed in the April 20, 1833, issue of the Baltimore

Saturday Visitor with the name Edgar Allan Poe. Serenade is directed at the

beauty of untouched nature, as well as unnamed lover. The poem was never

collected in any of Poe’s anthologies during his lifetime and was re-discovery by

John C. French in 1917. This poem contents extensive example of allusions from

Greek mythology to strengthen the themes of “the beauty of untouched nature”.

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This poem consists of one stanza and twenty fives lines. This poem also

have became the song. Serenade is an original immersive musical experience,

based on the poem of Edgar Allan Poe. Guests are welcomed with a feast and are

invited to participate in an ancient ceremony held by Fortunate and Lenore, the

descendant of Edgar Allan Poe. Serenade brings Edgar Allan Poe’s poem to life

by telling the story of seven virtuous souls that dwell in the heavenly paradise

known as the Elysium.

Elysium is a concept of the afterlife reserved for mortals related to the gods

and the righteous and heroic mortals chosen by the gods to live a blessed life even

after death. This image of “paradise” is strengthened by Poe’s allusion to the

Seven Pleiades. In astrology, the Pleiades are a cluster of stars among the nearest

of the stars to earth, making them some of the brightest stars in the night sky. In

Greek mythology, the seven Pleiades are seven beautiful sister, bor to the titan

Atlas and the sea-nymph Pelion.Due to their beauty, the sisters are said to have

had many romantic affairs with Olympian gods.

Poe’s “Serenade” Metaphor

When nature sleepsand stars are mute

(P.6.S1.L3)

Source domain :nature

Target domain :sleeps

This line is metaphor because it is compare two meaning in one sentence.

This line tells the feeling of the Poe who felt the time is so mystic. If we

looked to the previous line, we can see that the narrator tells about the crime

in this poem. The “nature sleeps and stars are mute” refer to the situation of

his life that as in the dark. The crime have make his world as dark without

the light of the stars.

The wearied light is dying down

(P.6.S1.L13)

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Source domain :wearied light

Target domain :dying down

“wearied light” is source domain and “dying down” as target domain. This

is metaphor because it described the existence of Endymion in the sky is

likened see the world. Even the world is dark and the light is dying down. In

this line, the narrator used Ontological Metaphor to explain the situation at

that time. If we looked some previous line, this described about Endymion

who was a handsome mortal whose love of observing astrological

movement resulted in a romantic relationship between him and Selene, the

titan goddess of the moon.

3.1.7 Dreamland

This poem was first published in June 1844 issue of Graham’s Magazine,

which was a literary magazine in Philadelphia that published some Poe’s most

famous stories. Poe had also works as the magazine’s editor, although he had quit

by the time “Dreamland” was published. Though dreamland didn’t hit it big like

“The Raven” , it’s one of the reader favorites. It cover a bunch of classic Poe

themes includes loss, depression, stylish and exciting.

This poem tells the story of a journey. The contents of this poem start by a

route that obscure and lonely. This poem is never quite clear where the journey

starts and where it end. For the most part, the poem describes the strange and

amazing sights the speaker sees along the way.In this poem, the narrator that he

has ever come to this place but it is strange place. The place he is arrived in is

haunted by evil spirits and ruled by the creepy, dark figure of night. The country

that is told by Poe has a huge landscape of oceans, valleys, caves, and forest.

Nothing looks or moves the way it does in everyday life. His spirit walks in the

shadow, because he live in the dreamland. Poe tell many mystery in this poem,

from the mountains tumble, the sky is on fire, the ocean leaps up and the snow sits

on the ground forever.

Poe’s “Dreamland” Metaphors

By a route obscure and lonely

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(P.7.S1.L1)

Source domain :a route

Target domain :obscure and lonely

In this line, the narrator started with explained a mysterious “route” that is

the road from one place to another. The first line, the narrator wrote

“obscure” that means dark and dim. the word of “Obscure” is a great Poe’s

word, full of the spooky mystery in everywhere in this poem. the narrator

tells us that his road/his away is “lonely”. In this poem, the sense of being

alone and abandoned is another big theme besides a road of the narrator.

Seas restlessly aspire

(P.7.S2.L7)

Source domain :seas

Target domain :restlessly aspire

“seas” as common source domain and “restlessly aspire” as common target

domain because it is abstract. This is metaphor because sea matched with

something abstract. In this line, the narrator is likened sea as something that

restlessly and had aspires. It means, that the oceans are always stretching,

reaching upward. In this line, sea is likened aspire hope or dream of

reaching the sky, exploding upward to meet it. The reason why this line

includes animating metaphor, because animating metaphor gives a sense and

spirit to nature or natural phenomena. Therefore, animating metaphor is

always likened noun with something that life.

a wild weird clime that lieth, sublime

(P.7.S1.L7)

Source domain :clime

Target domain :wild weird

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In this line, the narrator using comparison to describes the situation of the

poem. If we look the whole of poem, this line describes what the “ultimate

dim Thule” is like, although it does not clear things up much. The narrator

gets fancy with the vocal here. We will break it down: the narrator is

arriving from a "wild clime" (that just means region, place, area) that "lieth"

(yup, that means lies, or is located) sublime (stunning, awe-inspiring,

terrifying) outside of space and time. In plain English, he's telling us that

he's coming from an amazing place that's beyond space and time.

By the mountains--- near the river

Murmuring Lowly

(P.7.S3.L6)

Source domain :the river

Target domain :Murmuring Lowly

In this line, the narrator described the situation of the nature in which the

mountains near the river is murmuring lowly. The narrator continues to

recap what we have heard about already, taking us back to the mountains.

Then the narrator weaves in a new character a river that murmur quietly and

endlessly. Everything in this dream world has a personality. The landscape

is full of feeling and energy. The narrator showed that although the route

obscure and lonely, the nature is neat well.

The spirit that walks in shadow

'Tis— oh, 'tis an Eldorado!

(P.7.S5.L3)

Source domain :the spirit

Target domain :walks in the shadow

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This is metaphor because put the spirit in walks in the shadow. These lines

described the feeling sad of the narrator that his spirit walks in the shadow.

It means the Dreamland can feel like Eldorado. Eldorado is a mythical city

of gold, a paradise on earth, where we could be rich, happy and so on. Even

though most people will not want to hang out in the world that Poe is

describing, apparently it’s just great for some particularly depressed types.

3.1.8 A Valentine

A Valentine first published in the New York Evening Mirror's February 21,

1846 issue, "A Valentine" was written specifically for Frances Sergeant Osgood,

whose name is hidden within the lines of the poem. In its first publication, it had

the title "To Her Whose Name Is Written Below." To find the name, take the first

letter of the first line, then the second letter of the second line, then the third letter

of the third line, and so on. Before its publication, it was presented at a private

literary salon at the home of Anne Lynch Botta on February 14, 1846. Though

Poe was not in attendance, it was a very public revelation of his affection for

Osgood.

This poem writein the form of acrostic. Other than a poem, “A

Valentine” is actually a riddle that Poe made to reveal his secret lover. Edgar

Allen Poe composed “A Valentine” to express his affection for a woman, but

he iss too afraid to directly tell her because she’s already married. The subject

matter is about Poe’s challenge for the readers, to solve the riddle within this

poem. Through the puzzle that the writer gives out to the reader, he also

blends in the implication for his lover’s beauty. Poe’s love for this woman is a

secret affair. He can only express it in discreet, through the meaning of this

poem, because it is wrongful to be infatuated with a married woman.

The theme of this poem is about a woman’s magnificence to a man when

he’s falling in love, and the mysteriousness of this secret love they’re having.

Poe wrote this poem under his personal context of being in love, in a secret

love affair. The historical context of “A Valentine” is in the 1846, so it is

evident that the language used is formal. The tone applied for this poem is

very romantic, when refer to the woman and stimulating, in terms of the

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mystery for the reader. The writing purpose of Poe is to stimulate the readers

with an interesting puzzle about his lover.

Poe’s “A Valentine” Metaphors

That nestling lies

(P.7. S1.L3)

Source domain :nestling

Target domain :lies

“nestling” as source domain and “lies” as target domain. This line tells the

experiencing of the narrator have secret love. The narrator makes a secret in

this line in the word “Nesting lies”. The narrator want to notify the listener

through it is word, because the narrator hidden his love and the woman to

another.

Search narrowly the lines!—they hold a treasure

(P.7. S1. L5)

Source domain :they hold

Target domain :a treasure

This is metaphor because treasure refers to rich. The narrator is likens a

treasure to woman whom he loves, not happiness. This line explained the

experience of the narrator that love to the woman that her name is hidden.

This is a hint from the writer for the readers to find his beloved’s name in

this poem, implying her name being the treasure. Here, the narrator mention

the woman whom he loves as the treasure as the secret.

3.1.9 Dreams

Dreams explained the kind of dream logic. This poem tells, the narrator

want his life just in lasting dreams. The narrator just wants to sleep until some

new morning. Even if the narrator were trapped in a nightmare or sad dream. The

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narrator said that one drawback to life being a dream is that if life were a dream.

He had then have to give up any hope for heaven because as a boy, he had already

experienced a joy beyond anything Heaven could ever supply when the summer

was bright in the summer sky and he left his “very heart” in those moments.

Poe’s “Dreams” Metaphors

Oh! That my young life were a lasting dreams

(P.8.S1.LI)

Source domain :lasting dreams

Target domain :my young life

The narrator opened this poem by saying that he his life were actually

just”lasting dreams”. He want to spend the time just in dream and he will

sleep until some day. If we look in next line, Poe said the spirit not

awakening till the beam. It means that Poe does not have the spirit to live.

Spell had bound me

(P.8.S1.L21)

Source domain :Spell

Target domain :bound me

This is metaphor because consist of source domain and target domain. This

line explained that the poem takes a weird and sudden turn as he suddenly

recalls another dreams. A moment when “some power spell had bound

him”in this line, the narrator felt tortured there is something that disturb the

narrator.

It was the chilly wind

(P.8.S1.L21)

Source domain :wind

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Trgetdomain :the chilly

This line explained the fear of the narrator. Some chilly wind or cold moon

shone down on him and cast a much darker more evil spell on him. But, the

narrator chooses not to talk about at and let it passes.

To the delirious eye-more lovely things

(P.8.S2.L6)

Source domain :eye

Target domain :the delirious

“eye” as source domain because include the human body while “the

delirious” as target domain because abstract. This line is metaphor because

here the narrator compares two meaning in one sentence. This line tells the

happiness of him in dreams. For the narrator, life in dreams is happy and he

loves theme in his dreams. He loves the dream that their vivid coloring of

live although delirious eyes, it more lovely things.

Than Young hope in his sunniest

(P.8.S2.L8)

Source domain :Young hope

Target domain :in his sunniest

This line explained that dreams bring more joy than hope has ever known. It

pretty much screws up of hope. Therefore, if the unreality of a dream creates

a state greater than anything we can ever experience again, then in a way

those dream states are curses, because they ruin us for the world.

3.1.10 Eldorado

Eldorado was first published in the April 21, 1849, issue of the Boston

based The Flag of Our Union. This poem described the journey of a “gallant

knight” in search of the the legendary Eldorado. The knight spends much of his

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life on this quest. In his old age, he finally meets a "pilgrim shadow" who points

the way through "the Valley of Shadow". Eldorado" was one of Poe's last poems.

As Poe scholar Scott Peeples wrote, the poem is "a fitting close to a discussion of

Poe's career." Like the subject of the poem, Poe was on a quest for success or

happiness and, despite spending his life searching for it, he eventually loses his

strength and faces death.

It was set to music by several 19th-century composers, including the

Americans Charles Sanford Skilton, Edgar Stillman Kelley, and the British

composer Richard Walthew, and for the London choir by Joseph Harold

Hinton. In 1993 Eldorado, along with Hymn and Evening Star, was adapted

by Jonathan Adams (composer) as Three Songs from Edgar Allan Poe for

SATB chorus and piano. The better-known composer John Adams also

composed an Eldorado symphony. Besides that, Eldorado also becomes a

film in the 1966. In 2012 the poem was recited and is a central part of the plot

of the Britishhorror-comedy filmEldorado.

This poem is the short but sad, tale of a knight who spent a long time

looking for Eldorado. He looked everywhere for it, apparently, but never

found it. He got older and older, but still was unable to find anything in the

world that even resembled Eldorado. One day, towards the end of his life, he

met a pilgrim shadow and asked him where Eldorado could possibly be. The

poem concludes with some directions. The shadow told him that, if he wanted

to find Eldorado, he should boldly rideover some mountains and "Down the

Valley of the Shadow"

Poe’s “Eldorado” Metaphor

Had journeyed long

(P.10.S1. L4)

Source domain :journeyed

Target domain :long

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This line explains the long journey of a knight in the effort to find Eldorado.

Taking the long time to find Eldorado, then the narrator used metaphor with

“Had journeyed long”Eldorado (El Dorado) is a Spanish word that means

"the gilded one" or "the golden one." It is not a person, though. It is a city, a

legendary city made entirely of gold and supposedly located somewhere in

South America. Spanish Conquistadors and other European explorers went

in search of Eldorado in the 1500s, but of course, they never found. Since

then, Eldorado has become a symbol for something mythical, beautiful, but

unattainable kind of like a perfect score or something.

3.2 Discussions

In this part, the researcher provides to discuss finding the meaning of the

types of metaphor in every poem. Ten poems that have been analyzed in this

research. Every poem have full of meaning and different meaning. The purpose of

the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of the research findings

and the result of the research. This section describes the result of what was already

known about the research problem being investigated. Besides that, the discussion

to explain any new understanding or insight about the problem after the researcher

considered the findings.

This research could be reference of the reader and know the meaning of

each poem. Every poem can be influence toward the knowledge of the researcher.

This research of course has similarity with other researcher. Every researcher have

different purpose analyzed the poem. This research inspire from other researcher

in analyzed the meaning of the poem and meaning of each metaphor. There are

similarities of research the meaning of every metaphor in each poem.

From analyzed the meaning of every lines in the poem, the researcher or the

reader can know the meaning of each poem in Edgar Allan Poe. There are two

advantages of this analyzed. This analyzed can notify the form of metaphor and

the meaning of each the lines of poem. This analyzed discover the meaning of

each poems. The researcher believes this research can give kind effect from the

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reader. From this research, besides know the types of metaphor, the reader also

can know about the meaning of every poem.

There are some similarity in this analyze. Almost Edgar Allan Poe’s poems

are mystic and strange. He always showed the poem with high imagination in

order to the researcher experiencing difficult in analyzed. However, Edgar Allan

Poe’s poems full meaning and can bring the researcher to imagine. In this

analyzed, source domain and target domain used to explain clearly. In order to the

reader is easy to understand metaphors.

From ten poems, it can be concluded that Edgar Allan Poe wrote the poems

is very neat. Poe has many imaginations that sometimes just can understood of

himself. However, every poem that written by Edgar Allan Poe is always became

the center for many people in this world. There are many Poe’s poem that

immortalizedin song and film in order to young generation like us would to know

the poem of Edgar Allan Poe. Many lesson that Poe wrote in his poem. Therefore,

some people immortalize it in some song and film.