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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

In daily activities, language has an important role as a means of

communication. It allows people to talk to others and express their

ideas, opinions, messages and feelings to others. To have wider

communication in the world, someone has to learn an international

language. The most popular language which is used as a medium of

communication is English. English is one of the international languages

that have an important role in world. In Indonesia, English is

considered as the first foreign language because it is necessary to be

learned in order to support the people needs in gaining a lot of

information and knowledge, for example in education, science and

technology, economy and other. English has been an important part of

education system in most countries includes Indonesia. It means

English become a compulsory subject in the national curriculum. It is

taught from elementary school up to university level.

In learning English, there are four main skills which the

students should acquire. They are listening, speaking, reading, and

writing as a basic language skill. Beside the four language skills, they

should have a capability of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.

Those are called language Component of English. One of the important

basic language skills is writing, because with writing skill students can

write a simple text use English language.

According to Ur, “Writing is the expression of idea, the

conveying massage to the reader, so the ideas themselves should

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arguably be seen as most important aspect of the writing”.1 It means

that when students or human are able to write, they can express their

felling, ideas and their opinion to others people. However to able

writing English people should try to write and practice it every time.

In order to learn English well, especially to written form,

grammar is more important thing that students should master in writing.

Helen and Susan state “Grammar is the system of patterns we use to

select and combine words. Grammar makes it possible for us to write

texts which our experience, ideas, thoughts and feeling. If we use

language, we use grammar. Grammar is the heart and powerhouse of

language”2. A lot of students have low scores on English. It caused by

failure in grammar mastery.

In Junior High school level, for writing skill the students must

able to make English text such as descriptive text. One of the grammars

that must be mastered in writing descriptive text is Noun Phrase,

because in descriptive text they must describe something in detail.

Although students can usually recognize nouns, they are often less

aware of longer noun phrase.

In fact, according to the information from the teacher in SMP

Daarunnajah Jawilan Serang-Banten a place which the writer did the

writing test, the students in this school were not able to write English in

a good way. The most difficult problem that always happens is they

were having difficulties to express their ideas to the meaningful activity

especially in descriptive writing. When the students express their ideas

1 Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, Practice and Theory.

(Cambridge University. 2009). P.163. 2Helen de Silva Joyce and Susan Feez, Creative Writing Skills. (Australia:

Phoenix Education. 2000). P. 5.

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in descriptive writing, they translated Indonesia into English word by

word and they did not attention the grammatical rule of the sentence.

Therefore, the students often commit errors especially on using noun

phrase. Those errors can affect to the content of their writing, as the

result, the reader will be confused by their writing. In other hand, their

message do not convey successfully to the reader.

As it is known, the language learning, like any other learning

process, involves making errors. The learners often make mistakes and

even errors in learning English, especially when they try to arrange

sentences or use tenses in their writing. As the result, they will write

sentences ungrammatically. Actually, ungrammatical sentences have

great influence when the learners are writing sentences.

Based on the problems above, to know the errors made by

eighth grade students at SMP Daarunnajah Jawilan Serang-Banten, the

writer will do her research entitled “An Analysis of Students’ Ability

in Using Noun Phrase on Writing Descriptive Text”

B. Focus of the Study

The writer focused her study on the problem in using noun

phrase for writing descriptive text written by the third grade students at

SMP Daarunnajah Jawilan Serang-Banten.

C. Statement of the Problems

According to the background of the study above, the writer

formulated the problems of the study;

1. How is the students‟ ability in using noun phrase on descriptive

text?

2. What are the problems faced by students in using noun phrase on

descriptive text?

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D. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are:

1. To know the students‟ ability in using noun phrase on descriptive

text.

2. To find out the problems faced by students in using noun phrase

on descriptive text.

E. Significance of the Study

The result of the study has some significance:

1. Theoretical

By doing this research, the writer tries to identify the learner‟s

ability in using noun phrase on descriptive text in order to know the

problems faced made by the third grade students at SMP Daarunnajah

Jawilan in their descriptive writing especially in using Noun Phrase.

2. Practical

- For the teacher

The teacher will know the students‟ ability in using noun

phrase on descriptive text.

- For the students

The students will know their weakness and be able to study

grammar easily especially on the use of noun phrase on descriptive

text.

F. Previous Study

The first, Siahaan , English Educational, Indonesia University of

Educational 2013, she explained “An Analysis of Students’ Ability

and Difficulties in Writing Descriptive Text”. This paper discussed

about ability and difficulties in writing descriptive text at tenth

grader. In her study, she intended to find out tenth grader ability

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and difficulties in writing descriptive text by analyzing the

students‟ text in term of schematic and linguistic feature using

systematic functional linguistic.

The second, Wisnu Aji Dharma‟s (2010) Error Analysis on The

Use of Noun Phrase. Final project is Semarang State University.

The students‟ errors were classified into three categories. Those

were head errors, pre-modifier errors and post-modifier errors.

Head errors are errors related to wrong placement of head of noun

phrase and wrong from of noun. Those were: determiner errors,

enumerator errors and adjective errors. The number of those errors

in percentage were as follows: head errors 17,07% pre-modifier

errors 43,59% and post-modifier errors 39,34%. It is concluded

that the dominant errors lies on the use of pre-modifier on noun

phrase in their descriptive writing. The weakness in this research,

the researcher only analyzes wrong placement of head of noun

phrase and wrong from noun.

The third, Purwati (2013) Descriptive Analysis of Grammatical

Errors in Writing Descriptive Essay among the Eighth Grade

Students in MTS Amal Sholeh Sumogawe semarang. This paper

described the common errors in descriptive text writing and

describe the causes of errors made by the eighth grade students of

MTS Amal Sholeh Sumogawe Semarang. The similarity between

her study and the researchers‟ study was to find the difficulties in

writing descriptive text but Purwati is focused more on

grammatical error in writing descriptive essay. In my research

focuses more about the students‟ ability using noun phrase in

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writing descriptive text using rubric and questionnaire to

investigate the problems.

From the previous study above, the researcher makes this

graduating paper that was different from them. The researcher

conducts a research on students‟ ability in writing noun phrase in

writing descriptive text.

G. Organization of Paper

The paper consists of five chapters as follows:

The first chapter discusses about introduction which consist of

background of study, focus of the study, statement of the problems,

objectives of the study, significance of the study, previous of the study

and paper organization.

The second chapter explains four large of explanation. First, it

contains the definition of writing, the purpose of writing, the process of

writing. Second, it contains the definition of descriptive text, the

purposes of descriptive text, the kinds of descriptive text. Third, it

contains the definition of noun, the definition of phrase, the definition

of noun phrase, the elements of noun phrase and the functions of noun

phrase.

The third chapter discusses about methodology of research that

consist research method, place and time, technique of data collection,

instrument of research, technique of data analysis.

The fourth chapter explains about the result of research, data

description, data analysis and data interpretation.

The fifth chapter discusses about conclusion and suggestion.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Writing

1. Definition of writing

Writing is one of an important language skill to express the idea

without sound. Practice is necessity in writing. Learning to write does

not come naturally at the same way as learning to speak. It involves

many language skill, knowledge and concepts. Before learning to write

a writer must understand the definition of writing.

In this part the writer quotes some definition of writing.

According to Alice and Ann, “Writing is progressive activity”.3 It can

be concluded that writing something down, have already been thinking

about what going to say and how going to say it. Then after finishing

writing, read over what have written and make change and corrections.

Therefore, writing is never a one step action; it has several steps.

Hogue stated “Good writing is more than just using correct

grammar”.4 Writing skill needed to explore something so that other

people know the result of knowledge. It needed some knowledge such

as vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and spelling.

Briefly, it could be said that writing can be distinguished from

other skills as the one of most difficult. It could be concluded that

writing was one way of communication to transmit the information or a

3 Ann Hogue and Alice Oshima, Introduction to Academic Writing, second

Edition, (New York: Longman 1997). P.2

4 Ann Hogue, First Step in Academic Writing, second Edition. (New York:

Longman 1996).p.6

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process of expressing ideas from the writer‟s knowledge and resources

but in the form of vocabulary and grammar.

2. The Purposes of Writing

Whenever writing something, the writer needs some clear

purposes to guide the reader. The purpose of writing Ur points out that

“The purpose of writing in principle is the expression of idea, the

conveying massage to the reader, so the ideas themselves should

arguably be seen as the most important aspect of the writing”.5

Meanwhile, Kaiser and Dietrich said “when writing for other

audiences, generally has one of the following purposes in mind:6

1. Sharing feeling and thoughts

Writing is not only to share the personal feelings and thoughts

with close friends and loved ones but also, on certain occasion, with

colleagues or associates. These include letters of all kinds from

valentine notes to formal expression of congratulation. To express a

feeling and sense of the world when create some poetry and fiction.

2. Providing information

In writing to give information, try to organize and present as

much explanation and detail as are necessary to leave the particular

audience with few questions on the subject.

3. Moving others to thought, feeling and action

A writer giving information may often include expressions or

felling as a means of developing a point or drawing in the reader.

5 Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, op.cit., 163

6 Julia Dietrich and Marjorie M. Kaester, WRITING Self-Expression and

Communication, (New York: University of Louisville, 1986). 40.

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Finally, the most successful writing for others makes its basic

purpose clear and appeals most effectively to its readers.

3. The Process of Writing

When talking about writing process, it is usually referring to the

production process, what it takes to produce a piece of written work.

According to Hogue “Become skilled writers by always using these

four steps: 1.Prewriting (getting ideas and organizing them), 2.Writing

the first draft, 3.Editing the first draft, and 4.Writing the final draft to

hand in”.7

B. Descriptive

1. The definition of descriptive

Descriptive text is the text that describes the features of

someone, something, or a certain place. Sofyan stated “Descriptive text

is the kinds of the text to describe something, people, place, animal”.8 It

means the description is the detail of explanation to show the specific

object to the readers or audiences. Besides, Kane explained

“Description is about sensory experience-how something looks, sounds,

tastes. Mostly it is about visual experiences, but description also deals

with others kinds perception.”9 According to Hogue “description is

word pictures‟.10

You tell how something looks, feels, smells, tastes,

and sounds.”

Descriptive text has its own generic structure, having two

components: Identification or classification, and description of features.

7 Ann Hogue, First Steps in Academic Writing, op.cit., 6

8 Fahmi Sofyan, Kunci Berhasil Lulus Bahasa Inggris SMP/MTS, (Jakarta:

Pustaka Tarbiyah Baru). 13 9 Thomas S. Kane, The Oxford: Essential Guide To Writing, (New York:

University Press,Inc, 2003). 351 10

Hogue, First Step in Academic Writing, op.cit., 70

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According to Sofyan the generic structures of descriptive text:

a. Identification: identifies or introduction of phenomenon to be

describe. It means when describe something sudents explain based

on the situation in general. The general condition of the topic is like:

president, animal, city, etc.

b. Description: describe features to order of importance, there are:

parts/thing (physical appearance), qualities (degree of beauty,

excellence, or worth/value), and other characteristic (prominent

aspect that are unique). It means a description contain an important

picture or photo or words which give detail of physic appearance

like big body, thin, tall, medium, short, etc. Meanwhile qualities are

good girl, pretty, polite, wise, strong, gentle, etc. unique in here

means differ with another.11

From the definition above the writer concludes that descriptive

text is a description about noun, people, place, thing, or others clearly

as result the readers see the object, so that they can explain whatever

they see. After that they could make note list statement to support

statement so that the writer can describe more detail about something

and then they wrote into descriptive writing clearly.

2. Purposes of Descriptive Text

The definition and purpose of descriptive text description is use

in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a person, place,

object, or event such as to describe a special place and explain why it is

special, describe the most important person in your life, and describe

the animal‟s habitat in report descriptive writing is usually used to help

11

Sofyan, Kunci Berhasil Lulus Ujian Bahasa Inggris SMP/MTS, Loc. cit

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a writer develop an aspect of their work, e.g. to create a particular

mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that the reader can create vivid

pictures of characters, places, objects, etc.

According to Ann “learn to write good descriptions. When

writing description of a person, tell what he or she looks like. When

describe of a place, tell what it looks like. If describing a scene with

people, might first describe what the people is happening and what the

people are doing.”.12

Thus, in descriptive writing, the readers have been

given detailed object, vivid picture and use five senses or use fact

words that will enable the readers to see, feel, hear, taste, touch, or

smell what the object is describing.

3. Kinds of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is text writing about the way persons, animals,

place, or things appear. So, it normally took on four forms, they are:

- Description of a Person

- Description of an Animal

- Description of a place

- Description of a Thing or an Object

12 Ann Hogue, First Step in Academic Writing, op.cit., 72

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C. Noun Phrase

1. The definition of Noun

Among the part of speech, Noun is widely use in sentence

constructions, it may function as subject, object, or complement in a

sentence. According to Ur “… nouns usually function as do

pronouns, as the subject, object or complement of a verb, or follow

preposition”13

Noun itself, rarely used as a single word in sentence,

but it is usually modified by other part of speech, such as adjectives,

adverbs, nouns, or verbs. This construction will make what is called

noun phrase. Danesi said “that noun is word that allow you to name

and label the person, entities, places, and concept that make up our

world”.14

This means noun is the important part to make a good

descriptive writing for the students. It is needed the students to

arrange their idea be a paragraph of sentences.

Frank states” the noun in English is one of the most important

parts of speech. Its arrangement with the verb helps to form the

sentence core which is essential to every complete sentence.15

In

addition, it may function as the chief or “head” words in many

structures of modification.

13

Ur, A Course in Language Teaching, op.cit., 80 14

Marcel Danesi, Ph.D.: Basic American Grammar and Usage. (New York :

Barron‟s Educational Series. 2006), p.22 15

Frank Marcella: Modern English. (USA: Prentice Hall)

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2. The definition of Phrase

According to Radford “A phrase is by merging (a technical term

meaning „combining‟) two word together”.16

Kolln states “A phrase is a

word or group of words that functions as a unit within the sentence”.17

A phrase will always have a head or headword; and as you might

expect, the head word of the noun phrase is noun. Based on Burton

opinion “generally a phrase is defined as a sequence of words that can

function as a constituent in the structure of sentence.18

Prastowo says,

phrase is an annexation of two or more words, which obtain a word as a

central idea from this annexation, these words make a new explanation

of the meaning. English has some prominently phrase, they are:19

a. Noun Phrase (NP)

Noun Phrase is group of word (two or more words) which is

ended by a noun that becomes central idea. In this phrase, the headword

was a noun.

Examples: I give my brother an apple.

The book on the table is yours.

b. Verb Phrase (VP)

Verb phrase is an annexation of two or more word that can

explain the other verb or can give new explanation. In this phrase, the

verb became the headword.

16 Andrew Radford, An Introduction English Syntax, (United Kingdom:

Cambridge University Press). 57. 17 Martha kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, Eight

Edition (United States: Canada, 2001). 21. 18

Burton Roberts, Noel: Analyzing Sentences An Introduction to English

Syntax. (London, England: Longman, inc. 1986),p.19 19

Anggi Agustin “Students Comprehension of Noun Phrase Plus Adjective

Phrase Toward Students’ Skills”. (Tangerang : UMT),p.23

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Examples: He is writing a letter.

He is fishing in the beach.

c. Adjective Phrase (Adj P)

Adjective phrase is group of word which consists of two or

more words that have an adjective as a headword. The adjective phrase

give explain the subject.

Examples: She was more beautiful today.

He is very smart in the class.

d. Adverbial Phrase (Adv P)

Adverbial phrase is group of word that is organized by three or

more words where the adverb as head word. Just like the other phrase

that had a headword. The headword in this phrase was adverb.

Examples: My mother is cooking in the kitchen.

My brother is swimming on the beach.

e. Preposition Phrase (Prep P)

Preposition phrase is two or more words that are arranged in

combination word with that preposition as a head word.

Examples: I usually take a walk in the afternoon.

I always eat breakfast in the morning before I go

to school.

f. Infinitive Phrase (Infinitive P)

Infinitive phrase is phrase that the head word is an infinitive.

Examples: To save some fruits in the refrigerator is good.

To make students success in their study is the

teacher purpose.

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g. Gerundive Phrase (GP)

Gerundive phrase is phrase that the gerund as a head word.

Examples: Swimming in the beach is not easy.

Walking around in the park every morning is my

habit.

h. Participle Phrase (Par P)

Participle phrase is phrase that is organized by participle

together with other word (such as: preposition, adverb, adjective,

noun).

Examples: The dress put on the table is for her.

I put her cloth in the cupboard.

3. The definition of Noun Phrase

Noun phrase are a crucial part of natural language. They convey

much of the content in a sentence and are therefore vitally important

when parsing. Noun and noun phrase are also particularly productive,

and interpreting the new vocabulary that is constantly introduced to the

language is a difficult task. A Noun phrase is defined as a phrase that

consists of a pronoun or noun with any number of associated modifiers,

including adjective (small, red, lovely), adjective phrase, adjective

clause, possessive adjective (my, his, her, their) adverbs (very,

extremely, usually), determiner (the, a, an), preposition phrase and

other nouns in the possessive case.20

According to Quirk and Greenbaum “The noun phrase typically

functions as subject, object, complement of sentences, and as

20

Nguyen Ngoc Vu : A Constrastive Analysis Of Noun Phrase In English

And Vietnamese. (Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh University.2010),p.3

16

complement in prepositional phrase”.21

Wardhaugh stated “A noun

phrase (NP) is a construction that typically has either a noun (N) or a

pronoun (Pro) as its central constituent, i.e., that noun or pronoun must

be regarded as the „head‟ or most important element in the phrase”.22

However, Gelderen defines “The group of word is called a phrase. If

the most important part of the phrase, i.e. the head is an adjective, the

phrase is an adjective phrase, if the most important of the phrase is a

noun the phrase is a noun phrase, and so on”.23

Noun phrase is a noun, or a noun with an article or determiner,

and / or an adjective in front of it, and sometimes with a relative clause

after it, examples:

apple (noun).

Some apples (determiner and noun).

Some red apples (determiner, adjective and noun).

Some red apples which I am going to eat (determiner, adjective,

noun and relative clause).24

4. The Elements of Noun Phrase

According to lecch, on a book by the title ”English Grammar

For Today”.25

The structure of noun phrase has three elements, they

are:

a) The head of a noun phrase are :

21

Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, A University Grammar of

English, (UK: Longman Group,1989). 59 22

Ronald Wardhaugh, Understanding English Grammar: A Linguistic

Approach, Second Edition, (UK: Blackwell Publishing). 36 23

Elly Van Gelderen, An Introduction to the Grammar of English: Syntactic

argument and socio-historical, (Amsterdam: Jhon Benjamins Publishing Company,

2002). 31 24 http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/exercises/because.htm 25

Lecch, G., Deuchar, M, and Hoogenroad,R. English Grammar for Today :

A New Introduction (London : The Macmilan Press Ltd, 1982).p.60

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1. A noun, e.g : the doll, school, wall, car, dog, dear Margaret

2. A pronoun, e.g : herself, him, his, my, our

3. An Adjective, e.g : lazy, red, smart

4. An Enumerator, e.g : all fifteen

5. Genitive Phrase, e.g : john‟s

b) The Pre-Modifiers of a Noun Phrase are :

1. Determiner, e.g : this morning, what a girl

2. Enumerator, e.g : two eggs, the third man

3. Adjective, e.g : red shoes, older music

4. Noun, e.g : a garden fence, a gold ring

5. Genitive phrase, e.g : Feed‟s whisky, someone else‟s

problem

6. Adverb, e.g : quite a noise

c) The Post-Modifier of noun phrase are :

1. Preposition, e.g : the best day of my life

2. Relative Phrase, e.g : a quantity which admire

3. Adverb, e.g : the girl upstairs

4. Adjective, e.g : Something nasty in the woodshed

5. Function of Noun Phrase

Like a word phrases can be classified by their external function

and by their internal form. By “form”, the structure of the phrase is

made of word and other constituents. Typically in a phrase composed

of head and post modifier tend to be phrase or clause.26

1. As Subject (S)

NP = S + P + C (The house + was + quite empty)

26

Lecch,G.,Deuchar,M,and Hoogenroad,R. English Grammar for Today : A

New Introduction (London : The Mcmilan Press Ltd 1982),p.60

18

2. As Object (O)

NP = S + P + O (We + have bought + the house)

3. As Complement (C)

NP = S + P + C (This + must + the house)

Noun Phrase including noun and pronouns perform eleven main

grammatical function within sentences in the English Language. Noun

is traditionally defined as “person, place, things, and ideas”. Noun

phrase is defined as phrase that consist of a noun or pronoun and any

number of constituent including adjective, determiner, preposition

phrases, verb phrase, and adjective phrase clauses. The function of a

noun of a noun and noun phrase are:27

1. Noun Phrase Head

A noun phrase consists of a noun including a pronoun plus any

determiner, modifiers, and complements. For example: The big blue

ball and someone to love.

2. Subject

A subject is a word, phrase, or clause that problems actions of

or act upon the verb. For example: The baby cried. Dogs and cars make

excellent pets.

3. Subject complement

A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a

copular, or linking, verb and describes the subject of a clause. The

terms predicate nominative and predicate noun are also used for noun

phrase that functions as subject complement. For examples: My

grandfather is farmer. Our favorite pets are dogs with short hair.

27

Huddleston, Rodney. Introduction to The Grammar of English.

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984)

19

4. Direct object

A direct object is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a

transitive verb and answer the question “who?” or „what?” receives the

action of the verb. For examples: The children eat all the cookies, the

woman has always hated mice and rats

5. Object complement

Object complement is defined as noun, pronoun, noun phrase,

adjective, and adjective phrase the directly and modify the direct

object. For examples: We consider our puppy our baby. My aunt calls

my uncle sweat heart.

6. Indirect object

An indirect object is word, phrase, or clause that indicate to or

for whom or what the action of a intransitive verb is a performed. For

examples: My husband bought me flowers. The child drew his mother a

picture.

7. Preposition complements

A preposition complement is a word, phrase, or clause the

directly follows a preposition and completes the meaning of

prepositional phrase. For example: My husband bought flower for me.

The students studied during their spring break.

8. Noun phrase modifier

A noun phrase modifier a word, phrase, or clause that modifiers

or describes a noun including pronoun or noun phrase. For examples:

The child actor won an award. We reserved twenty hotel rooms.

9. Determinatives

Determinatives provide information such as familiarity,

location, quantity, and number. Possessive nouns which are a noun,

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pronoun, or noun phrase and the possessive clitic (apostrophe s or s

apostrophe) function as determinative. Possessive noun indicate

possession of or some other relationship to another noun or noun

phrase. For examples: My brothers apartment is small. I found every

ones reports informative.

10. Appositive

An appositive is a word, please or clause that modifies or

explained another noun phrase. For example: my grandfather, the

farmer, bought more farm land. The teacher, my uncle, assign a lot of a

work.

11. Adjunct adverbials

An adjunct adverbials is a word, please or clause that modifies

and entire clause by providing additional information about time, place,

manner, condition, purpose, reason, result, and concession. For

example: today they children woke up early. Yesterday the children

slept in late.

According to Johan “Students must understand about phrase to

make a good sentence”.28

Some examples about phrase were below:

a.) Noun phrase in English is composed of potential parts. One of the

parts is the head, which obligatorily exists. The head of noun phrase

accompanied by determiners (the, a, an, those, that, etc) and other

modifiers which precede the head are called the pre-modifiers and

those which follow the head are called the post-modifiers.

According to Greenbaum and Nelson “Modifiers are unit that are

28

Johan, A Ghani. Reading and Translation Pelajaran Membaca dan

Menerjemahkan Bahasa Inggris, (Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar 2004), p.34-42

21

dependent on the main word and can be omitted. Modifiers that

come before the noun are pre-modifiers, and those that come after

the noun are post-modifiers”.29

For examples:

Addition Headword Noun Phrase

Those (determiner)

New (Pre-modifiers)

On astronomy (Post-

modifiers)

Determiner + pre-

modifier + Noun +

post-modifier

Books

Books

Books

Those books

New books

Books on astronomy

Those new books on

astronomy

b.) The Noun Phrase can be formed by adding adjective, verb + ing,

verb III, and noun in front of the head word. Adjective functioning

as pre-modifiers mostly comes before the noun head. George and

Julia stated: “Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they

modify”.30

For example: the noun phrase beautiful girl, the

beautiful indicates then quality of the girl, so the meaning of that

phrase is the girls who are beautiful. Verb + ing and verb III those

called participles. Participles are the-ing, -ed, -en forms of verb.

They may be used to modify nouns and many be used either before

or after the nouns they modify. As a modifier participle occurs

before the noun head, it indicates that the noun describes doing the

29

Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson, An Introduction to English

Grammar, Second Edition. (London: Longman, 2002). 31 30

George E. Wishon and Julia M. Burks, Let’s Write English, Revised

Edition, (New York: American Book Company, 1980). 107

22

action. For example: the standing person, means the person who is

standing. Other examples can be seen below:

For examples:

Addition Headword Noun phrase

Good (adj)

Closing (verb+ing)

Beautiful (adj)

Broken (verb III)

House

Ceremony

Dance

Class

A good house

Closing ceremony

A beautiful dance

Broken class

c.) The Noun Phrase extended by adding group of preposition, verb-

ing, verb III, verb with to infinitive in behind of the head word.

For examples:


In front of house (prep)

Done (verb III)

Studying (verb + ing)

Woman

Home work

English

Woman in front of house

Home work to done

Studying English

d.) The Noun Phrase extended by adding adverb, adjective, numeral

pronoun, or noun phrase in behind of head word. According to

George & Julia “Adverb may follow nouns and be used adjectivally

to modify them.”31

31

Ibid,. p.22

23

For examples:


There (adv)

Special (adj)

Five (numeral pronoun)

The last prophet (NP in

behind of headword

Flowers

Something

Page

Mohammad

There flowers

Something special

Page five

Mohammad the last

prophet

e.) The Noun Phrase extended by adding adjective sub-clause in

behind of the head word. This sub clause at once becomes a part of

noun phrase. This sub clause has subject predicate and explains the

noun before, so that‟s why called sub clause. Called by sub relative

sub clause because it begins with relative pronoun such as which,

who, that, whom, whose, why, where, and how.

For examples:

Adjective

sub clause

Headword Noun phrase

Which many

flowers

Where I was

born

Who we

meet

The house

The place

The lady

The house which many flowers

The place where I was born

The lady who we meet

f.) The Noun phrase formed by adding preposition in front of relative

pronoun. Prepositions are words which begin prepositional phrase.

24

Prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a

preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. For example: in front

of the class, in front of is the preposition and the class is noun.32

For examples:

Preposition Relative pronoun Headword Noun phrase

From

To

Which

Whom

The school

The person

The school which

they graduated

The person to whom

I was introduced

From the examples above, it can be seen that the expansion of

an English noun phrase is quite possible to have a series of modifiers.

Here is the example how the noun “girl” can be expanded into a large

phrase with various kinds of modifiers before and after it.

The modifiers of noun phrase not only can be realized by

adjective, as the basic noun modifiers, but also by other modifiers such

as noun, participles, prepositional phrase, or other noun phrase.

32 Ibid,. p. 30

25

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Method of the Research

The use of method in a research is very necessary, because it

will be able to help the writer to get data easily. The writer used

qualitative research to present the result of the research and to desribe

the students‟ ability in using noun phrase on writing descriptive text.

According to Ary, Jacobs and Rezaviah “Descriptive research studies

are designed to obtain information concerning the current status of

phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of

situation, as it exists at the time of the study”.33

The research aims to certain the students‟ ability in using noun

phrase on writing descriptive text. To generate data this research used

descriptive qualitative. Qualitative method was used to collect and

analyze the data of eight grade students‟ ability in using noun phrase in

writing descriptive text. The researcher obtained the information about

the ability and the problems in using noun phrase in writing descriptive

text.

B. Place and Time of the Research

1) Place of the Research

This research took place at the Third Grade Students of

SMP DAARUNNAJAH Jawilan, which is located at Jl.

Sangereng Kel.Babakan Jaya Kec.Jawilan Serang- Banten. The

writer chooses this school because the writer believe that the

33

Ary Donald, et al., Introduction to Research in Education, Second Edition,

(New York: Rinehart and Wasington, 1979). 295.

26

school will give more information that are really needed and it

will be used as a place to get valid data.

2) Time of the Research

To get accurate and detail data, the process of collecting data

took about 3 Days, including preparation. It starts on September

2016.

C. Techniques of Data Collection

In this research, the writer used some techniques of data

collection such as:

1. Writing test

To collect the data, the writer used writing test as the

technique of the data collection. For the writing test, the writer

asks the students to write a descriptive text based on the topic

about person, place, animal or something. The students must

write a paragraph which consists of 10 sentences using noun

phrase. If the students make correctly in forming noun phrase,

they will get 100.

2. Interview

The researcher made an interview guide about the

problems in using noun phrase on writing descriptive text. The

researcher used one and one interviews. This method involved

researcher and the interviewer facing each other using oral

communication.

To supporting the data the researcher do interview the

students about their problem in using noun phrase in writing

descriptive text. The researcher uses face to face to the students

27

and give three prompt questions. The general question is “what

do you think of learning noun phrase?” After that, there are

three prompt questions. The first question is “what did you

know about noun phrase?” The second question is “what is your

difficulty in learning noun phrase? Why?” The last question is

“give some examples of using noun phrase”.

D. Instrument of the Research

In doing analysis students‟ ability in using noun phrase in

writing skill, the writer used writing test to get the accurate data

and also used interview the students to supporting the data which

will be then as the instrument this research. The writing test is the

students made a descriptive writing paragraph based on the topic

given by writer which is about person, place, animal and

something.

E. Techniques of Data Analysis

The data analysis technique is done to describe the data by

classifying one by one based on the topic. The first data are those

concerning with the result of writing descriptive text. Writing test

is used to know the students‟ ability in using noun phrase on

writing descriptive text. Writing test is used to answer the question

number 1 about students‟ ability by rubric to measure the score, by

applying with this formula.

P =

P = means the total score of percentages

F = means the total of students respond

N = means the total of the students

28

In this research, the researcher categorizes the students‟

competence on the percentage as Arikunto suggests four

categories:34

1. 100% - 76% means good

2. 75% - 56% means fair

3. 55% - 40% means poor

4. Less than 40% means very poor

After knowing the percentages of the students‟ ability and

the result of interview about the problems of using noun phrase in

writing descriptive text, the researcher described and then drew the

conclusion of students‟ ability in using noun phrase on writing

descriptive text. Interview is used to answer the question number 2

and supporting the result of the test to get the valid data.

34

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2008. Dasar –Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta:

Bumi Aksara. P.130.

29

CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS

This chapter describes and analyzes the data which are obtained

during the research. The research includes the result of observations

and the discussions include the answer of the research problems, they

are: (1) How is the students ability in using noun phrase in writing

descriptive text at nine grade in SMP Daarunnjah? (2) What are the

problems faced by the students in using noun phrase in writing

descriptive text at nine grade in SMP Daarunnajah?

A. Research Finding

Here are the results of the tests which are done by the students

of third grade at SMP Darunnajah.

1) Student 1

The student uses 10 noun phrases in writing descriptive text test

and the title is “My idol”. There are 6 correct noun phrases, the student

uses processing formed by adding some words in front of headword or

keywords. For example: A good singer. “A good singer” is a correct

answer because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase, “A”

is an article “good” is an adjective and “singer” is a noun.

The student makes 4 incorrect noun phrases, for example: A

person humble. This should be “A humble person” because “humble” is

an adjective and “person” is a noun. An adjective functioning as pre-

modifiers mostly comes before the noun head.

2) Student 2

The student uses 10 noun phrases in writing descriptive text and

the title is “My favorite football player”. There are 8 correct noun

30

phrases, the student uses processing formed by adding some words in

front of headword or keywords. For example: A handsome man. “A

handsome man” is a correct answer because the student uses the correct

order of noun phrase, “A” is an article “handsome” is an adjective and

“man” is a noun.

The student makes 2 incorrect noun phrases, for example: team

Barcelona. This should be “Barcelona team” because “Barcelona” is an

adjective and “team” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before the

nouns they modify.

3) Student 3


and the title is “My Idol”. There are 5 correct noun phrases, the student

uses noun phrase by adding adjective, for example: white skin. “White

skin” is a correct answer because the student use the correct order of

noun phrase, “white” is an adjective and “skin” is a noun.

The student makes 5 incorrect noun phrases, for example: name

is Christiano Ronaldo and he is very football player fantastic.”he name

is Cristiano Ronaldo” should be his name is Cristiano Ronaldo because

the student uses “he” is a subject while this sentence needs object

possessive pronoun and “name” is a noun.

4) Student 4


and the title is ”My favourite actress”. There are 7 correct noun

phrases, the student uses noun phrase by adding some words in front of

headword or keywords. For example: A beautiful actress. “A beautiful

actress” is a correct answer because the student uses the correct order of

31

noun phrase, “A” is an article “beautiful” is an adjective and “actress”

is a noun.

The student makes 3 incorrect noun phrases, for example: she

has an round face. “she has an round face” should be she has a round

face because “round” is not a vocal letter but consonant letter.

5) Student 5


and the title is ”My Father”. There are 9 correct noun phrases, the

student uses noun phrase by adding some words in front of headword

or keywords and adding adjective. For example: he has short and black

hair. “He has short and black hair” is a correct answer because the

student uses the correct order of noun phrase, “short and black” are

adjective and “hair” is a noun.

The student makes 1 incorrect noun phrases, for example: my

father name is Hambali “my father name is Hambali” should be my

father’s name is Hambali because “my father‟s name” because it refers

to the ownership.

6) Student 6


and the title is ”My favourite actress”. There are 7 correct noun

phrases, the student uses noun phrase by adding some words followed

by headword or keywords and formed by adding adjective. For

example: she has a beautiful face ”she has a beautiful face” is a correct


is an article “beautiful” is an adjective and “face” is a noun.

The student makes 3 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: she

has a smile nice. This should be “she has a nice smile” because “nice”

32

is an adjective and “smile” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used

before the nouns they modify.

7) Student 7

The student does not make any mistake in a paragraph. The

student uses 10 noun phrases in writing descriptive text test and the title

is “My Classroom”. All the noun phrases are correct. The student uses

processing formed by adding some words in front of or behind of head

word or keywords and numeral pronoun. For examples: a table teacher,

there are 27 students. “There are 27 students” is correct because the

student uses the correct order of noun phrase, he uses “s” in behind of

students because it is a plural.

8) Student 8


and the title is ”Olivia Janet is my favourite actress”. There are 6

correct noun phrases, the student uses noun phrase by adding some

words in front of headword or keywords. For example: she is an actress

”she is an actress” is a correct answer because the student uses the

correct order of noun phrase, “An” is an article “actress” is a noun.


has hair long and straight. These should be “she has long and straight

hair” because “long and straight” is adjective and “hair” is a noun.

Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they modify.

9) Student 9



is “My Bedroom”. All the noun phrases are correct. The student uses

33

processing formed by adding some words in front of or behind of head

word or keywords and numeral pronoun. For examples: a small room, a

bed room. “a small room” is correct because the student uses the

correct order of noun phrase, “A” is a article “small” is an adjective and

“room” is a noun.

10) Student 10


and the title is ”Teuku Rasya”. There are 5 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords. For example: he is a handsome boy ”he has a good

personality” is a correct answer because the student uses the correct

order of noun phrase, “A” is an article “good” is an adjective and

“personality” is a noun.

The student makes 5 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: he is

a actor. This should be “he is an actor” because “an actor” is a vowel

letter.

11) Student 11


and the title is ”my best friend”. There are 7 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords. For example: his name is Fahrul ”his name is Fahrul” is a

correct answer because the student uses the correct order of noun

phrase, “his name” is possessive pronoun “Fahrul” is a noun.

The student makes 3 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: he

has eyes slanted. This should be “he has slanted eyes” because “slanted

is an adjective and “eyes” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before

the nouns they modify.

34

12) Student 12


and the title is ”Aliando”. There are 6 correct noun phrases, the student

uses noun phrase by adding some words in front of headword or

keywords. For example: Aliando is my favourite actor ”Aliando is my

favourite actor” is a correct answer because the student uses the correct

order of noun phrase, “My” is possessive pronoun “favourite” is an

adjective and “actor” is a noun


has short hair and straight. This should be “he has short and straight

hair” because “short and straight” is adjective and “hair” is a noun.


13) Student 13


and the title is ”My Idol”. There are 9 correct noun phrases, the student


keywords. For example: I have many idols. ”I have many idols” is a

correct answer because the student uses the correct order of noun

phrase, “many” indicates plural “idols” is a noun.


has hair curly and brown. This should be “he has curly and brown

hair” because “curly and brown” is an adjective and “hair” is a noun.


14) Student 14



is “Maudy Ayunda is my favourite singer”. All the noun phrases are

35

correct. The student uses processing formed by adding some words in

front of or behind of head word or keywords. For examples: she is a

young talented singer. “She is a young talented singer” is correct

because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase, “A” is an

article and “young and talented” are adjective and “singer” is a noun.

15) Student 15




keywords. For example: I have a idol. ”I have a idol” is a correct


is an article “idol” is a noun.


has skin white and hair black. This should be “he has white skin and

black hair” because “white and black” are adjective and “skin and hair”

are noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they modify.

16) Student 16




keyword. For example: she is a singer and actress. ”She is a singer and

actress” is a correct because the student uses the correct order of noun

phrase “A” is an article “singer and actress” are noun.


has hair brown, long and wavy. This should be “she has long, wavy

and brown hair” because “long, wavy and brown” are adjective and

36

“hair” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they

modify.

17) Student 17


and the title is ”My house”. There are 9 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords. For example: There are some plants in my yard. ”There

are some plants in my yard” is a correct because the student uses the

correct order of noun phrase “some” is a determiner, it indicates plural

“my” is a pronoun and “yard” is a noun.

The student makes 1 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: my

bedroom is beside bedroom my parent. This should be “my bedroom is

beside my parents’ bedroom” because “beside” is a preposition “my

parent” is a possessive pronoun and “bedroom” is noun. Adjectives are

usually used before the nouns they modify.

18) Student18

The student uses 10 noun phrase in writing descriptive text test

and the title is ”My Rabbit”. There are 6 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords. For example: it is a smart. ”it is a smart” is a correct

because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase “A” is an

article “smart” is a adjective and “rabbit” is a noun.

The student makes 4 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: it

has eyes big and a tail short. This should be “it has big eye and a short

tail” because “big and short” are adjective and “tail is a noun.


37

19) Student 19

The student uses10 noun phrases in writing descriptive text test

and the title is “My hand phone”. There are 8 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords and formed by adding adjective. For example: it is the

only one phone that I have. ”it is the only one phone that I have” is a

correct because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase “the”

is an article and the students uses the correct article” the” it indicates a

word which has been mention before and “the only one” is a pair “one”

is numeral pronoun “phone” is a noun.

The student makes 2 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: it is

a phone very precious. This should be “it is a very precious phone”

because “a” is an article “very” should be after an adjective “precious”

is an adjective and “phone” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used

before the nouns they modify.

20) Student 20


and the title is “My beautiful bag”. There are 7 correct noun phrases,

the student uses noun phrase by adding some words in front of

headword or keywords. For example: I have a bag. ”I have a bag” is a

correct because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase “A” is

an article and “bag” is a noun.

The student makes 3 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: it

has 3 pocket. This should be “it has 3 pockets” because The student

uses “3” which indicate ordinal number and plural so that word

“pocket” must be added by ”s”.

38

21) Student 21


and the title is ”My School”. There are 9 correct noun phrases, the


or keywords. For example: there are many students. ”There are many

students” is a correct answer because the student uses the correct order

of noun phrase, “many” indicates plural “students” is a noun. It must be

added by “s”.


is a teacher very beautiful and kind. This should be “she is a very

beautiful and kind teacher” because “beautiful and kind” are adjective

and “teacher” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns

they modify.

22) Student 22



is “my favourite actor”. All the noun phrases are correct. The student

uses processing formed by adding some words in front of or behind of

head word or keywords and formed by adding an adjective. For

examples: he is a good, patient and humble person. “He is a good,

patient and humble person” is correct because the student uses the

correct order of noun phrase, “A” is a article “good, patient and

humble” is an adjective and “person” is a noun.

23) Student 23


and the title is ”My pet”. There are 7 correct noun phrases, the student


39

keywords. For example: I have a cat. ”I have a cat” is a correct, because

the student uses the correct order of noun phrase, “a” is an article “cat”

is a noun.

The student makes 3 incorrect noun phrases, for examples: Jono

has skin white and fur thick. This should be “Jono has white skin and

thick fur” because “white and thick” are adjective and “skin and fur”

are noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they modify.

24) Student 24


and the title is ”My favourite actor”. There are 7 correct noun phrases,


headword or keywords and adding by an adjective. For example: he has

pointed nose. ”he has pointed nose” is a correct answer because the

student uses the correct order of noun phrase, “pointed” is an adjective

“nose” is a noun.


has skin white. This should be “he has white skin” because “white” is

an adjective and “skin” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before

the nouns they modify.

25) Student 25


and the title is ”My favourite singer”. There are 7 correct noun phrases,


headword or keywords and adding by an adjective. For example: he has

pointed nose. ”Agnes monica is my favourite singer” is a correct

answer because the student uses the correct order of noun phrase,

“favorite” is an adjective “singer” is a noun.

40


has skin white and body tall. These should be “she has white skin and

tall body” because “white and tall” is an adjective and “skin and body”

is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they modify.

After giving the writing description text test to the respondents

of the research, the total of correct forming of each student is analyzed

to get individual score in the test.

Table 4.1

Description of research

No Name Score Relating Quality

1 Student 1 60 Fair

2 Student 2 80 Good

3 Student 3 50 Poor

4 Student 3 70 Fair

5 Student 4 90 Good

6 Student 5 70 Fair

7 Student 6 100 Good

8 Student 7 60 Fair


10 Student 9 60 Fair






41










25 Student 25 30 Very Poor

The table shows the score of students‟ writing after calculation

their correct noun phrase from the writing. From the table, it can be

seen that the highest score of students‟ writing is 100 and the lowest is

score 30. Then the percentage of the students‟ score is presented to the

following table.

42

Table 4.2

Percentage of the students‟ score

From the table 4.2, it can be seen that there is students getting

fair and very poor grade. There are 11 students (44%) who get A and

the rating quality is good. There are 12 students (48%) who get B and

the rating quality is fair. There is 1 student (4%) who gets C and rating

quality is poor. The last, there is 1 student (4%) who get and rating

quality is very poor.

B. Discussion

a. Student’s Writing

The table of the forming, there are 44% students get a good

score and have a good ability in using noun phrase, even though they

have some problems in using noun phrase in writing descriptive text

correctly in the test of the research. They still confused to make it. They

also still make mistake in using determiner or article a/an, for example

(“a oval”), should be “an oval” because “a” refers to the consonant

letter and “oval” is a noun which previous by vocal letter. Noun phrase

No Interval Rating

Quality

Grade Number

of

Students

Percentages

1 100%-76% Good A 11 44%

2 75%-56% Fair B 12 48%

3 55%-40% Poor C 1 4%

4 Less than

40%

Very poor D 1 4%

43

is formed by adding an adjective, for example: (“she has hair brown,

long and wavy”). This should be “she has long, wavy and brown hair”

because “long, wavy and brown” are adjective and “hair” is a noun.


There are two noun phrases formation which are commonly

used by students in the result, they are: noun phrase is formed by

adding some words in front of behind of head word or keyword, for

examples: an oval, an idol, a beautiful face, an actor, a handsome boy.

The noun phrase can be formed by adding an adjective, for examples:

he has short and brown hair, he has fantastic skill, she has long and

curly hair, she has smell nice, he has white skin.

From the result of the test, it can be seen that the students have

fair ability in using noun phrase in writing descriptive text in the test of

the research. They still confused to make sentence formation correctly.

Generally a phrase is defined as a sequence of words that can function

as a constituent in the structure of sentence.35

So when people write,

they have to pay attention to grammar because is the most important

point in writing and usually we meet the noun phrase when write in a

sentence.

In addition, this finding supports Frank‟s theory that noun is one

of the most important parts of speech.36

It is arrangement with the verb

helps to form the sentence core which is essential to every complete

sentence. In addition, it also functions as the “head” of the sentence in

many modification structures. The position of noun phrases is typically

35

Burton-Roberts, Noel: Analyzing An Introduction to English Syntax.

(Longman, England: Longman, inc. 1986).p.19 36

Frank, Marcella: Modern English. (USA: Prentice Hall)

44

as subject, object, and complement of the sentence and as part of

prepositional phrases.

b. Interview

The interview was done on Wednesday, September 22th

2016 at

SMP Daarunnajah Jawilan Serang-Banten. The researcher interviewed

10 students in third grade to know of problems faced by the students in

using noun phrase in writing descriptive text faced by nine grade

students. The researcher uses face to face to the students and gives

three prompt questions.

The general question is “what do you think of learning noun

phrase?” After that, there are three prompt questions. The first question

is “what did you know about noun phrase?” The second question is

“what is your difficulty in learning noun phrase? Why?” the last

question is “give some examples of using noun phrase”. From the three

questions, there are 2 students know about noun phrase and 2 students

also still confused about noun phrase.

Based on the interview with the students at SMP Daarunnajah

Jawilan Serang-Banten, the research can conclude that the third grade

students of SMP Daarunnjah Jawilan even though they can use and

apply correctly in make a sentence in writing descriptive text,

sometimes they have some problems when they make a sentence using

noun phrase. They get difficulties in arranging words into a good word

order.

Some students get confused in using determiner article, such as

“a/an”. They still confused to make the sentence using noun phrase be

formed by adding an adjective. It is very commonly, the students

45

translated Indonesia into English word by word and they did not

attention the grammatical rule of the sentence, for example: she is a

teacher very beautiful and kind. This should be “she is a very beautiful

and kind teacher” because “beautiful and kind” are adjective and

“teacher” is a noun. Adjectives are usually used before the nouns they

modify.

From the result above, we can conclude that actually the

students can make a good sentence because their habits of making a

sentence in Indonesian first and then translating it into English, they

focus on Indonesian structure. For instance, smell nice which should be

nice smell. As stated by Heide ”the errors are caused by negative

transfer of interference of the learner‟s mother tongue in the

language”.37

Moreover, the last finding of this research supports Ur “that

writing is a way of communicating a message to a reader for

purpose”.38

Communication means sending so that a message must

destination, whereas the message of writing is its content. This means if

the students do not understand the word order of noun phrase in writing

descriptive text, it will make the readers get confused and will ruin the

message of the writing.

37

Heide Dulay et al, Language Two, (New York: Oxford University Press,

1982).p.146. 38

Ur, P. A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory.( Cambridge

University Press, 2009).p.165

46

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter consists of conclusion and suggestion. Based on

the discussion of the data obtained which was presented at chapter IV,

the writing puts forward conclusion and suggestion as follow:

A. Conclusion

Based on the discussion, the writer draws a conclusion of the

students‟ ability in using noun phrase in writing descriptive text. Based

on the result of the study presented in chapter IV, the writer concludes

that the students‟ ability in using noun phrase classified as good is

(44%) the students‟ ability in using noun phrase classified as fair is

(48%) the students‟ ability in using noun phrase classified as poor is

(4%) the students‟ ability in using noun phrase classified as very poor

is (4%). They mean the students‟ ability in using noun phrase in writing

descriptive text at the third grade of SMP Daarunnajah Jawilan Serang-

Banten are generally in fair level.

Even thought the students they can use and apply correctly in

make a sentence in writing descriptive text, sometimes they have some

problems when they make a sentence using noun phrase. They get

difficulties in arranging words into a good word order. It is because of

their habits of making a sentence in Indonesian first and then

translating it into English. They focus on Indonesian structure, for

instance, smell nice which should be nice smell.

47

B. Suggestion

Considering the conclusion above some suggestions are

presented in this part. As discussed in the previous chapter, the study

will hopefully contribute both practical and theoretical values.

Realizing that the students still have some problems in

constructing noun phrases, in this research the writer would like give

some suggestion to both the teacher and the students.

1. For the English teacher

Because the students still have problems in constructing noun

phrase, the teacher should give more attention to them. The teacher

should give exercises continuously to their students. It is also important

to realize that in constructing English Noun Phrase, the students feel

difficult. The teacher should be able to give them more exercises in

constructing noun phrase in well-formed utterances as part of teaching

and learning. The teacher can also try to motivate the students to learn

noun phrases.

2. For the students

The students should learn English harder, especially on the area

where the students feel it difficult to construct English noun phrase. It

is also important for the students to know their ability, by which

feedback will be obtained and it is hoped that they will increase their

ability in noun phrase.

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