© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko

PowerPoint® Lectures for

Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Third Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Chapter 13

How Populations Evolve

Polymorphisms

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.13

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chromosome with gene

conferring resistance

to pesticide

Reproduction

Survivors

Insecticide application

Figure 13.14-3

Selection Pressure

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Original

population

Evolved

populationPressure of

natural selection

Directional selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection

Figure 13.UN5

Different Types of Selection

Selection Pressure

Selection Pressures

Selection

Pressures

Evolution of Complex

Behaviors Through

Selection

Sexual Dimorphism in the

Northern Cardinal

Female Male

Bower Birds

Warning Coloration

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 20.12a

Mimicry

Mimicry

Releasing

Cues

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko

PowerPoint® Lectures for

Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Third Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Organization of all the Organisms

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organizational

Schemes

5 Kingdoms

3 Domains

Organizational

Scheme

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.2c

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Darwin in 1840

Galápagos

Islands

North

America

South

America

PACIFIC

OCEAN

PACIFIC

OCEAN

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

Pinta

40 miles

40 km0Florenza

0

Fernandina

MarchenaGenovesa

Equator

Santiago

Daphne Islands

Pinzón

Española

Isabela Santa

Cruz Santa

Fe San

Cristobal

Great

Britain

Cape of

Good Hope

Europe

Africa

Cape Horn

Tierra del Fuego

Equator

Asia

HMS Beagle

Australia

Tasmania

New

Zealand

Andes

Figure 13.3

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Galápagos

IslandsPACIFIC

OCEANPinta

40 miles

40 km0 Florenza

0

Fernandina

MarchenaGenovesa

Equator

Santiago

Daphne Islands

Pinzón

Española

Isabela Santa

CruzSanta

Fe San

Cristobal

Figure 13.3c

Divergent Evolution of Mammalian Arms

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.8

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko

PowerPoint® Lectures for

Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Third Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Chapter 14

How Biological Diversity Evolves

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Figure 15.8b

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Co

lori

ze

d S

EM

Figure 15.8a

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Co

lori

ze

d S

EM

Figure 15.7

Prokaryotes

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Plants Evolved

From Green Algae

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fungi

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fungi

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Penicillium Zone of inhibited growth

Staphylococcus

Antibiotics

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Leaves

Gametangia

Stomata

Cuticle

Lignin

Shoot

Vascular tissues

Roots

Figure 16.UN07

Plant

Adaptations

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Scale

Ovule-producing

cones; the scales

contain female

gametophytes

Pollen-producing

cones; they

produce male

gametophytes

Ponderosa pineFigure 16.15

Seed Adaptations

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Seed Adaptations

Radial vs Bilateral Symmetry

Amniotic Egg

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Longhorn beetleFigure 17.23f

Yes, insects are awesome

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Trinidad tree mantid that

mimics dead leaves

A flower mantid in Malaysia

A leaf mantid in

Costa Rica

Figure 13.1

Metamorphosis

In Insects

Stick Insects

Butterflies and Moths

Human

Eyes

&

Ears

Human Hands

Human Hair and Pigmentation

Humans and Other Apes

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.8

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lectures by Chris C. Romero, updated by Edward J. Zalisko

PowerPoint® Lectures for

Campbell Essential Biology, Fourth Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Third Edition

– Eric Simon, Jane Reece, and Jean Dickey

Chapter 18

An Introduction to Ecology

and the Biosphere

Food Chains and Food Webs

Food Webs

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Quaternary,

tertiary,

and secondary

consumers

Tertiary

and

secondary

consumers

Secondary

and

primary

consumers

Primary

consumers

Producers

(plants)

Figure 20.18

Food Webs

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

CO2 in atmosphere

Burning

Cellular respiration

Wood

and fossil

fuels

Decomposition

Wastes; death

Decomposers

(soil microbes)Detritus

Plant litter;

death

Primary

consumers

Higher-level

consumersPlants, algae,

cyanobacteria

Photosynthesis

Figure 20.32

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Plant Animal

Organic

compounds

Organic

compoundsAssimilation

by plants

Denitrifying

bacteria

Nitrates

In soil

(NO3–)

Death; wastesNitrogen

fixation

Nitrogen-fixing

bacteria in

root nodules

Free-living

nitrogen-fixing

bacteria

Nitrogen fixation

Detritus

Decomposers

Nitrogen (N2) in atmosphere

Decomposition

Ammonium (NH4+)

in soil

Nitrifying

bacteria

Figure 20.34

Nitrogen Cycle

Bioaccumulation

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.