CENTRALISED PATIENT HEART RATE

MONITORING SYSTEM USING HEART RATE

SENSOR

NURUL SYAMIMI BINTI MAHMAD SUKRI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING)

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2019

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the report of the project titled Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring

System using heart rate sensor in Web-Based Application is based on my own investigations

based on information from sources that stated. I also declare that my work was never be

produced by any student of Sultan Zainal Abidin.

________________________________

Name: ..................................................

Date: ...................................................

3

CONFIRMATION

I have read this report and in my point of view, this project fulfils the conditions and

requirements to be awarded as Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with

honour. I also confirm that the research conducted and the writing of this report was under my

supervisor.

________________________________

Name: ..................................................

Date: ...................................................

4

DEDICATION

First of all, thanks to Allah the most merciful and the most gracious. I would like to

thanks to my parents who give me a bunch of supportive on my studies time. A gracefully

thanks to my supervisor Dr Azrul Amri bin Jamal for his guidance and support in my academic.

I am very thankful of his patience and invaluable advises that inspired me to keep on achieving

my dream and felt honoured with his trust on my capability.

Last but not least, special thanks to my beloved friends for providing moral support

during my studies. Not forgetting those who have directly or indirectly helped me on this thesis.

May Allah rewards your kindness in abundance in this world and next.

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ABSTRACT

Centralised patient heart rate monitoring system is a system that specifically developed

to make sure the nurse be alert to the notification from the web based system. The heart rate

monitor machine is not centralised because the nurse must be alert to each patient’s heart rate

machine which is located far from nurse side. By using heart rate sensor, we can study how the

system detect the pulse of patient for monitoring their heart rate. In this whole system, the heart

rate are converted into waveform and displays on screen. When the heart rate of patient is not

normalised, it will trigger the notifications to the system so that the nurse aware and take the

right action. The method that I use to build this system is the heart rate sensor to detect the

pulses by means of a sensor secured against the patient’s skin and web based system to display

patient’s information by giving out the notifications. This system will ease the nurse job from

visiting each patients by giving out the notification and identify which patients from database

to take an action.

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ABSTRAK

Sistem pengawasan kadar denyutan pesakit berpusat adalah sistem yang dibangunkan

khusus untuk memastikan jururawat berwaspada dengan notifikasi daripada sistem berasaskan

web. Mesin pemantau kadar jantung tidak berpusat kerana jururawat mesti berjaga-jaga

terhadap setiap mesin denyutan jantung pesakit yang terletak jauh dari sisi jururawat. Dengan

menggunakan sensor denyutan jantung, kita dapat mengkaji bagaimana sistem mengesan nadi

pesakit untuk mengawasi kadar jantung mereka. Dalam keseluruhan sistem ini, kadar denyutan

jantung akan ditukar kepada bentuk gelombang dan dipaparkan pada skrin. Apabila kadar

jantung pesakit tidak normal, ia akan mencetuskan notifikasi kepada sistem supaya jururawat

peka dan mengambil tindakan yang betul. Kaedah yang saya gunakan untuk membina sistem

ini ialah sensor denyutan jantung untuk mengesan denyutan dengan menggunakan sensor yang

diletakkan terhadap kulit dan sistem berasaskan web pesakit untuk memaparkan maklumat

pesakit dengan memberi notifikasi. Sistem ini akan memudahkan kerja jururawat daripada

melawat setiap pesakit dengan memberi notifikasi dan mengenal pasti pesakit mana dari

pangkalan data untuk mengambil tindakan.

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Table of Contents

Page

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... 5

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................................................... 9

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 9

1.1 Project Background ........................................................................................................................ 9

1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 11

1.3 Objectives....................................................................................................................................... 11

1.4 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 12

1.5 Limitation ...................................................................................................................................... 13

1.6 Expected Result ............................................................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................................................... 14

LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 14

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 14

2.2 Research ...................................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.1 ECG Monitoring System ........................................................................................................ 14

2.2.2 Previous ECG Monitoring System Review ........................................................................... 15

2.3 Overview of Article .................................................................................................................... 16

2.3.1 IoT-cloud based Monitoring System ..................................................................................... 16

2.3.2 Automated Remote Cloud-Based Heart Rate Variability ................................................... 17

2.3.3 Real-Time Health Monitoring System .................................................................................. 18

2.3.4 Remote Heart Rate Monitoring System using IoT ............................................................... 19

2.4 Existing Application or System ................................................................................................. 20

2.5 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................................................... 23

PROJECT METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 23

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 23

3.2 Waterfall model ............................................................................................................................. 24

3.2.1 Stage 1: Requirement ................................................................................................................ 25

3.2.2 Stage 2: Design ........................................................................................................................... 25

3.2.3 Stage 3: Implementation/ Execution ........................................................................................ 25

3.2.4 Stage 4: Testing .......................................................................................................................... 25

3.2.5 Stage 5: Deployment/Release .................................................................................................... 26

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3.3 Hardware Requirement ................................................................................................................ 27

3.4 Software Requirement .................................................................................................................. 28

3.3 System Design ................................................................................................................................ 29

3.3.1 Context Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 29

3.4 Data Model .................................................................................................................................... 30

3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ........................................................................................................ 30

3.4.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ........................................................................................ 31

3.5 Framework .................................................................................................................................... 32

3.6 Data Dictionary ............................................................................................................................. 33

3.6.1 Admin Database ......................................................................................................................... 33

3.6.2 Doctor Database ......................................................................................................................... 33

3.6.3 Nurse Database ........................................................................................................................... 34

3.6.4 Sensor Database ......................................................................................................................... 34

3.6.5 Patient Database ......................................................................................................................... 35

3.7 Prototype Evaluation .................................................................................................................... 36

3.8 Refined the End Functionality ..................................................................................................... 36

3.9 Proof of Concept ........................................................................................................................... 37

References ............................................................................................................................................ 42

APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 44

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

Malaysia is a unique country with its multi-ethnic and cultural diversity

population. With 28.3 million of population in 2009, Malaysia had reached the best

level of health status. Along with the rapid developing world, there are a lot of diseases

related to lifestyles. According to Healthcare Service Industry in Malaysia for both

females and males, they were expected to live for 76 years and 72 years respectively,

while maternal and infant life expectancy rates were 0.3 and 6.4 per 1000 live births,

respectively. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was the

primary cause of death for both females and males in 2009. Comparing to developed

countries such as Singapore, Malaysia is still dominated the best health status. (Maznah

Dahlui, 2012)

Global phenomena are growing rapidly corresponding with the evolution of

technology. Before the advent of technology, our society is burdened because all chores

consumed a lot of energy and our times. Therefore, we are introduced to technological

advancements to ease all of our works and save our gold times in any field. The

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advancements technology provided the quality of service that plays a critical role in

customer’s satisfaction. Service quality satisfaction is the most important thing for user

to provide their meets or exceed the user’s expectation in their services. The services

provided within the organization can be divided into two parts namely as technical and

functional quality.

In the healthcare field, quality is based on the technical accuracy of the

diagnosis and procedure. All of the information generally can be access by health care

providers only. While functional quality is referred to the health care service that

provided to the patient and it will be the sign of patient quality perception. In this case,

the hospital provides many services for their patients with medicine and machines that

help their works for monitoring and improving the quality of healthcare. For patients

with heart disease, the doctors monitor them using the electrocardiogram (ECG) to

make sure their patient’s heart rate in normal condition. Nowadays, many patients

suffer from heart disease and the doctor needs more times to spend on monitoring their

patient’s heart rate. Sometimes, the doctors not alert to the sound from a machine’s

patient. However, it is difficult for the doctor to monitor every patient in the ward

because they have a lot of responsibilities.

Therefore, Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System Using Heart Rate

Sensor aims to ease the doctors to monitor and identify which patient in the database to

take the right action. The notification will pop up on the screen to show which patient’s

bed need help. As an addition, many nurses can use this system to monitor the patients

in the ward. Lastly, it is also can reduce the confusion by detecting which patient has

an urgent case.

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1.2 Problem Statement

A study found that the electrocardiogram (ECG) machine is an assessment tool

for a heart condition. However, it is a very low evaluation tool to measure the heart rate

patient because the monitor is not centralized. The nurse needs to visit every patient’s

bed to make sure the heartbeat rate is normal. Therefore, when the patient’s bed is far

from the nurse’s sight, the nurse might not be alert to the alarm from the heart rate

machine.

Hence, to solve this problem, this system can be improved by centralizing the

machine into professional monitoring. By doing so, it will alert the nurse when a

notification is popped out on the monitor screen to inform the nurse about the patient’s

condition.

1.3 Objectives

The objective is generally to develop a system that can allow the nurse access for

monitoring their patient’s heart rate and it will replace old method which usually done

by visiting their patient’s bed every time. For the main objective of these projects are

as follows:

i. To analyse how the heart rate sensor is implement into the web-based

system and connect to the database.

ii. To design a system for nurse to monitor their patient’s condition of

heart rate and detect which patient has an urgent case.

iii. To implement and test the functionality of the developed application

that meets the requirement.

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1.4 Scope

In this project scope involves admin, doctor and nurse only.

1.4.1 Admin

• Able to login

• Able to add, update, delete and view the doctor, nurse and patient.

• Able to manage sensor

1.4.2 Doctor

• Register

• Login

• Able to view schedule

• Able to view list of nurse

• Able to view patient

1.4.3 Nurse

Register

Login

Able to manage patient

Able to view schedule

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1.5 Limitation

The limitation of this system is power supply. The sensor that will be used in

this system are requires the network connection. When there is no network connection,

this system will not successful functionally. Therefore, this system need the continuous

and strong connection to completely working.

1.6 Expected Result

The expected result for this system is it will function efficiently and successfully

developed using heart rate sensor. The heart rate of the patients can be detect by means of a

sensor secured against the patient’s skin, then the heart rate will transform into waveforms and

display on the screen monitor. The system will set the level of heart rate into two conditions

which is normal and not normal. When the heart rate of patient in not normalised, the system

will trigger notification on screen, then the nurse will take action of that patient.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter discussed and describe selected research paper and previous

journal that trace similar technique and topic that can be references for the Centralised

Heart Rate Monitoring System using heart rate sensor. By making research from existing

application or system, it can help to give a lot of ideas and useful information for

development of this project.

2.2 Research

2.2.1 ECG Monitoring System

Most of six millions people every year have been reported due to heart disease

and died before reaching the hospital. This disease actually can avoid and prevent by

using electrocardiograph (ECG) which is capable to detect, monitor and provide useful

information of heart condition. It is an important tool that become standard procedure

to diagnose the heart since 1940s which is develop with electrically primitive analog

electronic.

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ECG monitoring system is the first electronic device developed using

electrically primitive analog. This monitoring system is used in health care environment

especially in hospital. It was developed to measure the patient heart rate for determine

their health continuously. (A.M.Khairuddin, 2018)

2.2.2 Previous ECG Monitoring System Review

Based on the research, there are some limitations of the previous ECG

monitoring system based on their capabilities and performance. Existing ECG

monitoring system not capable to detect the different physical activities of the patients

which is save the time of doctor to check-up every patient’s condition. The previous

review show that, this system not detect the vital sign of the earliest stage of heart

disease such as body temperature, respiration and blood pressure. The intelligent sensor

is known as important technology in improving ECG monitoring system. It has

surprisingly a lot advantages that can provide a uniform monitoring system.

(A.M.Khairuddin, 2019)

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2.3 Overview of Article

2.3.1 IoT-cloud based Monitoring System

Based on research, there are several articles that similar to the proposed project.

Firstly, the article titled An IoT-cloud based Wearable ECG Monitoring System for

Smart Healthcare by Zhe Yang. This article explained an effective monitoring system

that collect the data from the abnormalities of health using a wearable monitoring node

then transmitted directly to the IoT cloud through Wi-Fi.

The data that have been stored in IoT-cloud based is analysed efficiently. By

using IoT cloud, the processed data and analysis tasks can be compute intensively that

ease the smart devices to process. Generally, IoT cloud for ECG monitoring system has

four functional modules such as data cleaning, data storage, data analysis and disease

warning.

Data Cleaning: detect the potential heart disease and provide ECG signal.

Data Storage: Need to store the history of data for further analysis and make

one copy for disaster recovery.

Data Analysis: to analyze and extract of ECG signal into useful information.

Disease Warning: To give real-time notification for patient’s family and

doctor.

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The architecture of IoT-based ECG monitoring system shown as below:

Figure 2.1: Architecture of IoT-based ECG monitoring system

2.3.2 Automated Remote Cloud-Based Heart Rate Variability

The second article titled An Automated Remote Cloud-Based Heart Rate

Variability Monitoring System explains that the development of system which is used

to monitor the heart rate in different physical activities. The heart rate of the user is

recorded by using ECG device the directly transmit to cloud-based. This system

conceptualizes two-way communication between patient and healthcare provider.

Besides, this monitoring system works to gather the data in two different

database. First, it is comes from MIT Physionet database which is stored the MIT-BIH

sinus rhythm and MIT-St Petersburg. While the second database, data is collected using

wearable sensor for monitoring people. When critical situation occurs, this system will

generate warning messages directly to the patients and doctors. [Ahmed Fa Hussein,

2018]

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2.3.3 Real-Time Health Monitoring System

Next, the third article titled A Real-Time Health Monitoring System for Remote

Cardiac Patients using Smartphone and Wearable Sensors discuss about the system

collect the data in real-time monitoring using wireless monitoring system for patient

which is located in remote area. It can extract various medical information in multiple

parameters at the same time such as heart rate, blood pressure and body and skin

temperature.

This system has two interfaces as for one patients and doctor. For patient’s

interface, it will display the extract medical information from comprising wearable

sensor and transfer to an Android based listening port via Bluetooth low energy. While

for doctor’s interface, the information directly transmit to web server and the data will

be process to display reports on the screen.

The system architecture of this system contain components, data processing and

system alarm that use three-tier comprising such as patient interface at first tier, android

handheld device at second tier and web server at third tier as shown below:

Figure 2.2: System Architecture for Remote Monitoring System

The patient use the wearable sensor to gather the medical information. Then it

will transmit in real time data to the Android handheld device via Bluetooth low energy

directly. The Android handheld device is embedded with wireless networking for

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communicate with web server. The GPS application that inbuilt in the device will helps

them to find out the location of the user. Then, the extract data and information of

individual will display on doctor’s interface. [Kakria, Tripathi, Kitipawang, 2015]

2.3.4 Remote Heart Rate Monitoring System using IoT

The fourth article is Remote Heart Rate Monitoring System using IoT discuss

to monitor the condition of heart rate patient in more efficient manner from remote

location. This system works by using pulse rate sensor, Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi 3

and ThingSpeak cloud.

This monitoring system capable to gather the heart rate using pulse rate sensor

that placed on wrist of the person then the sensor send the extract information to

Arduino UNO. The data will stored in the cloud in a form of graph. If the heart rate of

the person is in abnormal condition, the led will blink into red colour then it will trigger

an alerting message through email or SMS message to doctor while the heart rate in

normal, the led will blink into green colour. [Kazi, Bajantri, Thite, 2018]

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2.4 Existing Application or System

No. System Description Advantages

1.

An IoT-cloud based

Wearable ECG

Monitoring System for

Smart Healthcare

Using IoT- cloud based

Collect the data using

wearable monitoring

node the transmit directly

to cloud via Wi-Fi

Use HTTP and MQTT

protocol

Need a request from user

to display the medical

information

Display ECG data in

real-time

Give visual and

convenient ECG

information to user

2.

An Automated Remote

Cloud-Based Heart Rate

Variability Monitoring

System

Provide two interface for

patient and doctor

Extract data from sensor

and collect some personal

information of patient

with their location.

Data is stored safely

and securely

Provide best health

monitoring service to

the patient in remote

areas.

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3.

A Real-Time Health

Monitoring System for

Remote Cardiac

Patients using

Smartphone and

Wearable Sensors

Wearable sensor will

gather the data then

transmit to android

handheld device then

transmit to web

application.

Generate alarm message

when critical situation to

the patient and doctor

To ease the cardiac

patient to get latest

healthcare service

Medical status of

patient will received to

the doctor in real-time

when the

abnormalities of

patient occur.

4.

Arduino Based Heart

Rate Monitoring and

Heart Attack Detection

System

Using Arduino

The data of heart rate and

temperature is measure

by clipping sensors on

one of the fingers and

displays result on android

application interface.

Provide an alert with the

sound peeps by buzzer if

the measurement of heart

rate exceed the maximum

or minimum records.

Continuous records

the patient heart rate

and body temperature.

Provide an alarm to

doctor if the signal has

exceed the maximum

and minimum

predetermined value.

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2.5 Summary

This chapter provides an overview of the concept of the system. Based on the

research that has been carried out, it shows the literature review is an important chapter

to give us the flows and of technique from current and existing system to develop the

proposed system. The technique is chosen based on the previous articles and journal.

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CHAPTER III

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

In this chapter will be described on the design of implementing the system. The

concept of methodology that I used to develop this Centralised Patient Heart Rate

Monitoring System using heart rate sensor is Waterfall model. This model consist of

four phases that are applied in order to develop the application. This model is more

organized and structured. It will explain more about every phases that involved in this

project development and also in the system requirements.

Besides, the design of implementing the system will be described in this chapter

which is show the system design and database design. In system design, it contains of

context diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0, and Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Level 1. Next, for database design, it consists Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and

data dictionary.

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3.2 Waterfall model

Figure 3.1: Waterfall model

The waterfall model is an activity project that divides each phases in sequence

like a waterfall through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design,

Construction, Testing, Production or Implementation and Maintenance. Each phase

must be completed before the next phase to avoid overlapping in that phase.

Requirements

Testing

Execution

Design

Release

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3.2.1 Stage 1: Requirement

During the early stage, the possible requirements of the system are analysed

thoroughly and documented so that it can be refer during the future development. The

outcome result about requirements that has been documented shows that what the

system should do but not how it should do it. All the requirements for this system has

been gathered through by brainstorming and analysing existing system.

In this project, brainstorming is the best technique to get as many ideas as

possible and it is the most effective for solving problem to generate a list of ideas.

After all the ideas are generated, then prioritize an idea that suitable and the best for

this solution. The resulting agreement of best idea is used for the early requirement.

3.2.2 Stage 2: Design

For this stage, the idea from brainstorming in the requirement phase and the

result from analysing existing system is studied to design the interface in order to meet

the user needs. The interface is proposed to user in order to satisfy user requirement.

3.2.3 Stage 3: Implementation/ Execution

The implementation phase is begin once the design is approved and accepted by

user. This project is developed using PHP and MySQL.

3.2.4 Stage 4: Testing

At this phase, the system will be tested. If any errors are detected then it must

be solved in this phase. Then, if there is other changes want to make, this system need

to be re-implement back to design phase to make sure it does not effect to the flow of

the system.

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3.2.5 Stage 5: Deployment/Release

After this system is free from any errors, this system is get ready to be deploy.

The testing that take place in this system will approve the system and decide if the

system is ready to deploy or not.

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3.3 Hardware Requirement

Hardware Description

Laptop Processor: Intel® Core™ i3-5005U CPU

@ 2.00GHz 2.00GHz

RAM: 8.00 GB

OS: Window 10

USB Universal Serial Bus

Brand: Samsung

Function: Connect Arduino with laptop

Printer Function:

To print the report

Heart rate sensor Function:

To measure heart rate of patient.

Table 3.1: List of Hardware Requirement

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3.4 Software Requirement

Software Description

Microsoft Office

2016 and Microsoft

Power Point

Function:

For report writing and presentation slide.

MySQL Database Function:

To store data.

Google Chrome Function:

To run localhost and to find research papers and information.

Xampp Server Function:

A local server to run and test the system.

Table 3.2: List of Software Requirement

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3.3 System Design

3.3.1 Context Diagram

Figure 3.2 Context Diagram for Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System

Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System consist of four entities which

are Admin, Doctor, Nurse and sensor. As usual, these entities need to login into the

system before able to access the interface. Admin can see schedule information, the list

of doctor and nurse, information of sensor and profile detail of doctor and nurse. For

doctor, they can manage schedule of the nurse. As for nurse, they able to manage the

information of patients that contains the heart rate of patient and medical information.

The sensor is able to view the details of patient’s heart rate.

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3.4 Data Model

3.4.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Figure 3.3 DFD for Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of a flow of data

through the system. In figure above, there are six processes involved. Processes in this

system are register, login, manage schedule, manage patient, manage sensor and

generate report. There are six data store involved which is doctor, admin, nurse,

schedule, patient and sensor. We can know that the first process is register followed by

login and manage schedule, patient, and sensor and generate report.

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3.4.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Figure 3.4 ERD for Centralized Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System

Figure above shows the entity relational diagram of the system. This diagram

shows the database and their entity that involve in the process for the system. All

updated data in the data store is self-updated by doctor, nurse and sensor. In the

diagram, we can see several lookup tables that is to be inference by the system. For the

login admin, doctor and nurse need email as username and password to proceed the

profile detail page.

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3.5 Framework

Figure 3.5 Framework of Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring System

Figure above shows the frame of the system. The system consists of three users,

admin, doctor and nurse. Admin can manage the schedule and sensor. While the doctor

can register, login and view schedule. The nurse also can register, login, manage

patients and view schedule.

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3.6 Data Dictionary

3.6.1 Admin Database

Name

Attribute

Type

Description

name None Varchar(50) The name of admin

id_admin Primary key Varchar(20) Admin id

identification

email None Varchar(30) The email of admin

password None Varchar(30) Passcode used by

admin in authenticate

Table 3.3: Database for Admin

3.6.2 Doctor Database

Name

Attribute

Type

Description

name None Varchar(50) The name of doctor

id_doctor Primary key Varchar(20) Doctor id

identification

email None Varchar(20) The email of doctor

password None Varchar(20) Passcode used by

doctor in authenticate

no_phone None Varchar(20) Phone number of

doctor

Table 3.4: Database for Doctor

34

3.6.3 Nurse Database

Name

Attribute

Type

Description

name None Varchar(50) The name of nurse

id_nurse Primary key Varchar(20) Nurse id

identification

email None Varchar(30) The email of doctor

password None Varchar(30) Passcode used by

nurse in authenticate

no_phone None Varchar(20) Phone number of

nurse

no_ward None Varchar(20) Number ward of

patient

comment None Varchar(100) Comment by nurse

about patient’s

condition

Table 3.5: Database for Nurse

3.6.4 Sensor Database

Name

Attribute

Type

Description

id_tempsensor Primary key Varchar(20) Temperature sensor

id identification

id_patient Foreign key Varchar(20) Patient id

identification

id_heartrate None Varchar(20) Heart rate id

identification

time None Varchar(20) Time of the heart rate

taken

Table 3.6: Database for Sensor

35

3.6.5 Patient Database

Name

Attribute

Type

Description

name None Varchar(20) The name of patient

id_patient Primary key Varchar(20) Patient id

identification

id_doctor Foreign key Varchar(20) Doctor id

identification

ward None Varchar(20) Time of the heart rate

taken

no_bed None Varchar(20) The number of

patient’s bed

no_phone None Varchar(20) Phone number of

patient

Table 3.7: Database for Patient

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3.7 Prototype Evaluation

Prototype evaluated phase is where developer show their prototype to the client

and for this proposed project, it is show to the panel. The panel will evaluated is it

satisfy or not. Plus, in this phase also developer able to know what is lack of the system.

Thus, develop will know is it fulfil the requirement of needed or not.

3.8 Refined the End Functionality

This phase is refined the function that cannot be working. First of all, this phase

begin with brainstorming session with the supervisor to come up with the solution of

the problem that occurred and refined the end functionality for the coding project.

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3.9 Proof of Concept

Figures below show the prototype for the Centralised Patient Heart Rate Monitoring

System using heart rate sensor:

Figure 3.5: Login page for Admin

Figure 3.6: Main page for Nurse and Doctor

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Figure 3.7: Registration and Login Page for Doctor

Figure 3.8: Page Detail for Doctor

Figure 3.9: Home page for Doctor

39

Figure 3.10: Registration and Login Page for Nurse

Figure 3.11: Page Detail for Nurse

Figure 3.12: Home page for Nurse

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Figure 3.13: Page for Patient record

Figure 3.14: Page for List of Patient

Figure 3.15: Page for Patient Details

41

Figure 3.16: Schedule

Figure 3.17: Notification Alert

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[3] Hussein, A. F., Burbano-Fernandez, M., Ramírez-González, G., Abdulhay, E., &

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APPENDIX

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