BIshuwa SETTING 2017.p65 - WordPress.com

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ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ª Î¬◊ƒ√˚±¬ÛÚ, 2017

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ø¬ı ∏≈ª± (Bishuwa): A souvenir in Rajbongshi, Assamese and English on the occasion of Celebrationof Bishuwa Utsav at Rabindra Bhawan, Guwahati-1 on the 30th April, 2017 organised by Koch-Rajbongshi Cultural Society, Kokrajhar in collaboration with Directorate of Cultural affairs, Govt.of Assam, Guwahati. Published by- Mr. Indrajit Narayan Dev on behalf of Koch-RajbongshiCultural Society, Kokrajhar.

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’¸˜œ˚˛± ø¬ıˆ¬±·

¬ı±—˘± ø¬ıˆ¬±·

ENGLISH PART

The Koch-Rajbongshis and their Royal Heritages in AssamDhananjoy Barman 75

Internally Displaced Koch-Rajbanshis of Assam:The Forgotten MiseryAnuj Choudhury 81

Khan Choudhury Amanatulla Ahmed and the Historiography of the Koch Rajbanshis of Kamrup- Kamata

Dr. Jyotirmoy Prodhani 83

Koch Rajbongshi (Koch): Tribal by BirthDr. Surjit Singha 89

ECHOING BACK TO THE PAST HISTORY OF KAMATAPURIndrajit Narayan Dev. 91

Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ª ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ¤fl¡ ˆ¬≈˜øfl¡ 45

1‚≈Ú±Ô Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 SWOT Analysis 50

ø¬ÛÚ±fl¡œ 1±˚˛¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1¡ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± – ¤fl¡ƒÚ± ’±ˆ¬±¸ 53

Î¬◊˜±fl¡±ôL 1±˚˛1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ø˙˘≈fl¡ ’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ 56

¬¬ı¸ôL fl≈¡˜±1 √±¸Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸˜±ÀÊ√ ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√± 58

fl¡±ÀôLù´1 1±˚˛˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏± ë1±Ê√¬ı—˙œí ’±1 Ó¬±1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛Ó¬± 60

1‚≈ 1?Ú ¬ı…±¬Û±1œŒfl¬±‰¬ 1±Ê¬ı—˙œ ÊÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ‰”¬Î¬ˇ±fl¬1ÀÌ1 ·±Ì ’±1∏ ¤fl¬ƒÈ¬± ŒÂ√±ÀA± ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± 63

øÊÓ¬ÀÊ…±øÓ¬ ¬Û±È¬ø·ø1ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ªÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ŒÓ¬¬Û≈1±øÚ ø‰¬Ú ’±1í Œ·±S ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ 66

’øÚ˘ fl≈¡˜±1 ¬ı˜«ÚŒÚ¬Û±À˘1 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ&˘±1 ø˙1n∏ª± ¬Û±¬ıøÚ 69

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’¸˜1 ¬Ûø(˜ õ∂±ôL, Œ·±ÀÈ¬˝◊√√ Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ı—·, ø¬ı˝√√±1 Œ˜‚±˘˚˛1 øfl¡Â≈√ √±øÓ¬fl¡±¯∏1œ˚˛± ’=˘, ŒÚ¬Û±˘, ˆ¬”È¬±Ú’±1n∏ ¬ı±—˘±À√ 1 œ˜±ôLªM«√√œ ’=˘ ñ ¤ ◊√√ ˜¢∂ ¬”-‡GÊ≈√ø1 ’Ó¬œÊ√À1 ¬Û1± õ∂¬ı±ø √√Ó¬ Δ √√ ’±ÀÂ√ ¤fl¡ ‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡’±1n∏ ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ‹øÓ¬˝√√…1 Ò±1±º øÚ¸ÀμÀ˝√√ ¤˝◊√√ ‹øÓ¬˝√√…1 Ò±1± ¬ı˝√√Úfl¡±1œ¸fl¡˘ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 ¬”ø˜¬Û≈SŒfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘º ¤fl¡ ‹øÓ¬˝√√…˜øGÓ¬ ’Ó¬œÓ¬ Ôfl¡± ¤˝◊√√ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ¬ı…øMê√¸fl¡˘ ’±øÊ√ ˆ¬±1Ó¬, ¬ı±—˘±À√˙,ŒÚ¬Û±˘, ˆ¬”È¬±Ú ’±ø√ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß 1±©Ü™Ó¬ 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ˆ¬±Àª ø¬ıˆ¬±øÊ√Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√…˜˚˛ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œˆ¬Ã·ø˘fl¡ ¬Ûø1Àª˙Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ú±À˜À1 Ú±˜±fl¡1Ì fl¡1± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º Œ˚ÀÚ ñ Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, Œ·±ª±˘¬Û±1œ˚˛± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, 1—¬Û≈1œ˚˛± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, ¸”˚«…¬Û”1œ˚˛± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, ˆ¬±›ª±˝◊√√˚˛±¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√º øfl¡c ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 M√√±1 ±Ê√Ó¬ øÚ1ø¬ıø26√ißˆ¬±Àª õ∂¬ı±˝√√˜±Ú ¤fl¡ Î¬◊Õ˜˝√√Ó¬œ˚˛± ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ Ò±1±˝◊√√Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬±fl¡ ¤fl¡Ó¬±1 ŒÎ¬±À˘À1 ¬ı±øg 1±ø‡ÀÂ√º

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 fl‘¡ø¯∏øˆ¬øM√√fl¡ ¬ı¸ôLfl¡±˘œÚ Î¬◊»¸ªº ‰¬íÓ¬ ±˝√√1 Œ˙¯∏ ø√Ú1 ¬Û1± ¬ı˝√√±·1 Â√˚˛Ó¬±ø1‡Õ˘ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ Δ˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√ øfl¡Â≈√ õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¶§±¶ö…Ê√øÚÓ¬ ¬Û1•Û1±, ÚœøÓ¬-øÚ˚˛˜, ’±‰¬±1-’±‰¬1Ì ’±1n∏ ‡±√…±ˆ¬±¯∏º Ó¬≈√¬Ûø1 ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ Δ˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√ ’±Ò…±øRfl¡Ó¬±º ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬’Ú≈øá¬Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œ˘±fl¡À√ªÓ¬±1 ¬Û”Ê√±-’2‰«¬Ú± ’±1n∏ Ó¬±1 ˘·Ó¬ ¸—·øÓ¬ 1±ø‡ ’Ú≈øá¬Ó¬ fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛ Œ˘±fl¡À˜˘±ºøfl¡Â≈√ ¬ıÂ1 ’±·Õ˘Àfl¡ Œ¸˝◊√√ Œ˘±fl¡À˜˘±¸˜”˝√√ ’±øÂ√˘ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Œ˘±fl¡·œÓ¬, Ú‘Ó¬… ’±1n∏ ¬ı±√… ‰¬‰«¬±1Œfl¡f¶ö˘º øfl¡c ≈·1 ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬Ú1 À· À· ’±1n∏ Œ·±˘fl¡œfl¡1Ì1 õ∂ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ Œ˘±fl¡ø˙äœÀ¬ı±À1 Œ¸˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ’Ú≈á¬±ÚÓ¬&1n∏Q ŒÚ±À¬Û±ª±Ó¬ Œ˘±fl¡¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ‰¬‰«¬± fl¡ø˜ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ˝◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’=˘Ó¬ Œ˝√√1±˝◊√√ Œ˚±ª±1 Î¬◊¬ÛSê˜ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 ¬ıUÀÓ¬± Ô˘≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ª, ¬Û1•Û1±, 1œøÓ¬-ÚœøÓ¬, Œ˘±fl¡·œÓ¬, Ú‘Ó¬… ’±1n∏ ¬ı±√…º

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¸•Û±√Ú± ø˜øÓ¬1¬ıœf ¬ªÚ, &ª±˝√√±È¬œ30-04-2017

’±øÊ√1 Œõ∂é¬±¬ÛÈ¬Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√√ Œ˘±fl¡ø˙äœ¸fl¡˘fl¡ Î¬◊»¸±˝√√ Œ˚±·±¬ıÕ˘ Ó¬Ô± Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Œ¸˝◊√√Ô˘≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ª, ¬Û1•Û1±, 1œøÓ¬-ÚœøÓ¬ Œ˘±fl¡·œÓ¬ Ú‘Ó¬… ’±1n∏ ¬ı±√…¸˜”˝√√fl¡ ÚÓ≈¬Ú õ∂Ê√ij1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Ê√œ˚˛±˝◊√√ 1‡±1Ó¬±ø·√±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ˜=±˚˛Ì1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛Ó¬± ’±ø˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ¸—¶ö± 2003 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ·Í¬Ú fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º Ê√ij˘¢üÀ1 ¬Û1± ¤˝◊√√ ¸—¶ö±ÀÈ¬±ÀªŒfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…¬Û”Ì« Œ˘±fl¡¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ¶§fl¡œ˚˛ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ ø¬ı:¸˜±Ê√1 ‘√ø©ÜÀ·±‰¬1 fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡1±1˘·ÀÓ¬ ø¬ıù´√1¬ı±1Õ˘ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±1 õ∂À‰¬©Ü± ‰¬˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 1¬ıœf ˆ¬ªÚÓ¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬Û±˘Ú1 fl¡±˚«…¸”‰¬œŒ¸˝◊√√ õ∂À‰¬©Ü±1 ¤fl¡ ’—˙ ˜±ÀÔ±Úº

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ¸—¶ö± 2003 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ·Í¬Ú fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º Ê√ij˘¢üÀ1 ¬Û1± ¤˝◊√√ ¸—¶ö±ÀÈ¬±ÀªŒfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…¬Û”Ì« Œ˘±fl¡¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ¶§fl¡œ˚˛ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ ø¬ı:¸˜±Ê√1 ‘√ø©ÜÀ·±‰¬1 fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡1±1˘·ÀÓ¬ ø¬ıù´√1¬ı±1Õ˘ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±1 õ∂À‰¬©Ü± ‰¬˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 1¬ıœf ˆ¬ªÚÓ¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬Û±˘Ú1 fl¡±˚«…¸”‰¬œŒ¸˝◊√√ õ∂À‰¬©Ü±1 ¤fl¡ ’—˙ ˜±ÀÔ±Úº

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Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ , ’¸˜1 ’øÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚÓ¬˜ Ó¬Ô±˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ õ∂ø¸X ¤È¬± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œº ¤˝◊√√ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀÈ¬± ˜”˘Ó¬–˜—À·±˘œ ˛ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 Œ˘±fl¡º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ’¸˜1 ø√ ˛±1 ¬Û1±Ò≈¬ı≈1œÕ˘ ø¸‰“¬ø1Ó¬ Δ √√ Ôfl¡± ¤ ◊√√ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀÈ¬±1 ¤È¬± ¬ı‘ √√» ’—˙¬Ûø(˜ ’¸˜1 ’ø¬ıˆ¬Mê√ Œ·±ª±˘¬Û±1± øÊ√˘±Ó¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡ø1’±ÀÂ√º ’¸˜1 ¬ı˝ √ √˘ fl ‘ ¡ ø© Ü1 ¬ÛÔ±1‡ÚÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 fl‘¡ø©Ü ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ’ª√±Ú ’¬Ûø1¸œ˜º’Ó¬œÓ¬À1 ¬Û1±˝◊√√ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…, fl‘¡ø©Ü,¸—¶‘®øÓ¬¸˜”˝√√ ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸Ó¬ 1±Ê√√1±¬ı±11 ¬Û1± ¢∂±˜… Ê√œªÚÕ˘ø¬ı1±Ê√˜±Ú Δ˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√º ¬ı‘˝√√M√√1 ’¸˜œ˚˛± Ê√±øÓ¬ Ó¬Ô± —¶‘®øÓ¬·Í¬Ú ¬ÛøSê ˛±Ó¬ ¤ ◊√√ ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ ¬õ∂ø¸X Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀÈ¬±1 ’ª√±ÚŒfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ÛÀÒ… ◊√√ Ú≈ ◊√√ fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1º ’¸˜1 ø¬ı˙±˘ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ˚fl‘¡ø©Ü-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬-¬¬Û1•Û1±1 ±Ê√Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 fl‘¡ø©Ü¸—¶‘®øÓ¬À˚˛ ¤fl¡ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¶ö±Ú ’øÒfl¡±1 fl¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√º ’¸˜1¤˝◊√√ ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ õ∂ø¸X Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀÈ¬±1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ª ˝√√í˘ëø¬ı¯∏≈ª±íº ‰¬íÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ¬ıí˝√√±· ˜±˝√√1 ¸—Sê±øôL1 ø√Ú1 ¬Û1± ¤˝◊√√ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ª ’±1y ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¸±Ó¬ ø√Ú Òø1 ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡1±˝√√˚˛º ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ˙sÀÈ¬± ø¬ıù´ ˙s1 ¬Û1± ›˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’Ú≈˜±Úfl¡1± √√ ˛º ¬ıí √√±· ± √√ Ó¬Ô± ¬ı¸ôL fl¡±˘1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À ˛ ÚÓ≈¬Ú1+¬Û Ò±1Ì fl¡À1º ·Â√-ø¬ıø1‡1 ¸ÀÓ¬ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ ¬Û≈1øÌ ¸±Ê√¸˘±˝◊√√ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ¸±Ê√ ¬Ûø1Ò±Ú fl¡À1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¬ıí˝√√±·1 ¬ı¸ôL˝◊√√ Δ˘’±À˝√√ ¬ı± ±1ø˘1 ¬ıÓ¬1± , √√˚˛ ¬ı1Õ√ø‰¬˘±1 ’±·˜Úº ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı±-˜±1ø˘ Ò≈ ≈ √√± ¬ı1 ∏≈Ì1 ˜ ˛Ó¬ ‰¬±ø1›Ù¬±˘1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙ Î¬◊ û Δ √√¬ÛÀ1º ’±fl¡±˙Ó¬ Ê√ œ˚ ¬ı±©Û1 ‘ø©Ü √√ Ù¬˘Ó¬ ±Ú≈ √√1 ±Ê√Ó¬

¬ı¸ôL Œ1±·Àfl¡ ’±ø√ fl¡ø1 Ú±Ú±Ú Œ¬ı˜±1 ’±Ê√±À1 Œ√‡± ø√À ˛ºõ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¤˝◊√√ õ∂øÓ¬fl”¡˘ ’ª¶ö±ÀÈ¬±fl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘ø¬ı ∏ ·± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡ ˛º Œ¸À ˛ Ê√Úø¬ıù´±¸ ’Ú≈ ± ˛œ ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı˙ s1¬Û1± ◊√√ ’Ô«±» ø¬ı¯ ∏Ÿ¬ Î¬◊ª± ‘ ëø¬ı ∏≈ª±í s1 Î¬◊»¬ÛøM√√ Δ √√ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘Œfl¡±ª± √√ ˛º

‰¬íÓ¬ ¬ıí˝√√±· ˜±˝√√1 ¸—Sê±øôL1 ø√Ú1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ª ’±1y ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¬ı˝√√±·1Â√˚˛ ø√Ú Òø1 ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡1± √√˚˛º •Û”Ì« ±Ó¬ ø√ÚÕ˘ Î¬◊»¸ªøÈ¬‰¬À˘ ¬ı±À¬ı ◊√√˚˛±fl¡ ë¸±Ó¬ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±í ¬ı≈ø˘› Œfl¡±ª± √√˚˛º ‰¬íÓ¬ ±˝√√1¸—Sê±øôL1 ø√Ú ‚11 ·‘ √√¶ö ◊√√ Œ¬ıø˘ Ú≈Í¬±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ ◊√√ ’±·ø√Ú± ◊√√’±øÚ ŒÔ±ª± Œfl¡ ◊√√ø¬ıÒ˜±Ú ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ¬ıÀÚÃ ∏øÒ ” fl¡ Ó¬±-Ù≈¬˘-¬Û±Ó¬ Œ˚ÀÚñ fl¡±Ó≈¬ø11 Ù≈¬˘, Œ¬ıÓ¬1 ¬Û±Ó¬, Œˆ¬È¬˜±ø˘ Ù≈¬˘,¬ı±˝√√fl¡ øÓ¬Ó¬±, Œ√À1±Ì Ù≈¬˘, ·Î≈¬11 ¬Û±ø‡, ø¬ı˝√√˘„√√œ1 ¬Û±Ó¬,√œ‚˘Ó¬œ1 ¬Û±Ó¬, ø¬ı ∏ÀÏ¬fl¡œ ˛± ’±ø√À1 ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ŒÔ±¬Û± ±øÊ√‚11 ˜±1˘Ó¬, ¬Û”√ø˘Ó¬, Ú„√√˘±˜≈‡Ó¬, Œ·±˝√√±ø˘, ˆ¬“1±˘,Ó“¬±Ó¬˙±˘ ’±ø√ Í¬±˝◊√√À¬ı±1Ó¬ &øÊ√ ø√À˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ıÀÚÃ¯∏øÒ˜”˘fl¡ŒÔ±¬Û±ÀÈ¬±fl¡ ’±¬Û-Á¡±¬Û ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º Ê√Úø¬ıù´±¸ ˜ÀÓ¬¤ ◊√√ ¬ıÀÚÃ ∏øÒ1 ŒÔ±¬Û±1 ¬Û1± øÚ·«Ó¬ Œ √√±ª± Œ·±g ◊√√ ¬ı¸ôL Ÿ¬Ó≈¬1õ∂ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ ‘ø©Ü Œ √√±ª± Œ¬ı˜±1 ’±Ê√±11 ¬Û1± ±Ú≈ √√fl¡ 1é¬± fl¡À1º¤ÀÚ√À1 Ù≈¬˘ ˘Ó¬± ¬Û±Ó¬ ¤fl¡øSÓ¬ fl¡ø1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ &øÊ√ŒÔ±ª± øÚ˚˛˜ÀÈ¬±fl¡ ëø¬ı¯∏˜±›í ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± √√˚˛º

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ˜”˘Ó¬– fl‘¡ø¯∏Ê√œªœº¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ fl‘¡ø ∏Ê√œøª¸fl¡˘1 Δ√ÚøμÚ Ê√œªÚÓ¬ ·1n∏1 ¬”ø˜fl¡±õ∂Ò±Úº ¤ ◊√√ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 Œ˘±fl¡ fl¡À˘› ·1n∏fl¡ õ∂±Ò±Ú… ø√À ˛

10

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

’±1n∏ ëø¬ı¯∏˜±›í õ∂Ô± ¸•Ûiß fl¡1±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ·1n∏ ·± Ò≈ª±¬ıÕ˘Ú√œÕ˘ øÚÀ˚˛º ¬·1n∏1 ø˙„√√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬˘ ˝√√±˘øÒ ¸±øÚ ·± Ò≈›ª±1ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ·1n∏1 øÎ¬ø„√√Ó¬ øÓ¬øÚ ‰¬fl¡˘ √√±˘øÒ øÓ¬øÚ ‰¬fl¡˘ ¬ı±1˜± √√œŒ¬ıÀ„√√Ú± ’±1n∏ øÓ¬øÚ È≈¬fl≈¡1± ¬Û±Úœ˘±Î¬◊1 ±˘± ±øÊ√ ’±“ø1 ø√ ˛±˝√√˚˛º ˝√√±˘øÒ ŒÓ¬Ê√ ¬Ûø1À˙±Òfl¡ ’±1n∏ ¬ıU &Ì¸•Ûiß ˘·ÀÓ¬·1n∏1 Œ√˝√√ ¢∂œÉfl¡±˘Ó¬ œÓ¬˘Ó¬± ¬ıÊ√± ◊√√ 1±ø‡¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı Î¬◊M√√˜^¬ı…º √√±˘øÒ ¬Û±Úœ˘±› Œ¬ıÀ„√√Ú±1 ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡1± Î¬◊Mê√ &Ì1 ¬ı±À¬ı·1n∏fl¡ ø¬ÛÀg±ª± ˜±˘±Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ’±“ø1 ø√˚˛± ˝√√˚˛º ·1n∏ ·±Ò≈›ª±1 ø√Ú± ¤‰¬±ø1À1 Œfl¡±À¬ı±ª± øÚÀ ∏Ò Œ¸À ˛ ¤ ◊√√ ø√ÚÀÈ¬±Ó¬·1n∏fl¡ √œ‚˘Ó¬œ1 Î¬±˘ ¬Û±ÀÓ¬À1 Œfl¡±À¬ı±ª± ˝√√˚˛º √œ‚˘Ó¬œÊ√Î¬Ó¬± Ú±˙fl¡ ’±1n∏ ◊√√À˚ ·1n∏1 Ê√Î¬Ó¬± Ú±˙ fl¡À1 ¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√Úø¬ıù´±¸õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√º Œ¸À˚˛ ‰¬íÓ¬ ¬ı˝√√±·1 ¸—Sê±øôL1 ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏øÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘ ·1n∏fl¡ õ∂±Ò±Ú… ø√ ë·1n∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±íø √√‰¬±À¬Û ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡ø1 ’±ø √√ÀÂ√º

˝◊√√˚˛±1 ø¬ÛÂ√1 ø√Ú ’Ô«±» ¬ıí˝√√±·1 õ∂Ô˜ ø√ÚÀÈ¬±Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘ ë˜±Úø ∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±í ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1º˜±Úø ∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 ø√Ú± ¬Û≈ª± ◊√√ Î¬◊øÍ¬ fl¡À˘±Àª ±˝√√ √√±˘øÒÀ1 ·±Ò≈˝◊√√ ÚÓ≈¬Ú fl¡±À¬Û±1 ø¬ÛÀgº fl¡øÌá¬¸fl¡À˘ ¬ıÀ˚˛±ÀÊ√…á¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ë’±—‰¬±í ˚±ø‰¬ Œ¸ª± ˆ¬øMê√ ˘˚˛º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¬ı˝√√±·1 ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ø√ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ë&ø©Ü ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±í ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ø√Ú± ’±Rœ˚˛ fl≈¡È≈¬•§fl¡‚1Ó¬ ¤¸±“Ê√ ¬±Ó¬ ‡±¬ıÕ˘ ’±˜LaÌ Ê√ÀÚ±ª± √√˚˛º Ó¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√1ø√Ú ’Ô«±» ¬ıí˝√√±· ±˝√√1 Ó‘¬Ó¬œ ˛ ø√ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ë¸±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±í¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ø√Ú± ’±Rœ ˛ fl≈¡È≈¬•§fl¡ ‚1Ó¬ ¤ “±Ê√ ¬±Ó¬‡±¬ıÕ˘ ’±˜LaÌ Ê√ÀÚ±ª± √√˚˛º Ó¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√1 ø√Ú ’Ô«±» ¬ıí˝√√±·˜±˝√√1 Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚˛ ø√ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ë¸±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±í ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º¤˝◊√√ø√Ú± øÓ¬À1±Ó¬± fl¡À˘ √˘ ¬ı±øg ˜”˝√√œ˚˛±ˆ¬±Àª ¬Û±˝√√±1 ¬ı±˝√√±ø¬ı1 ¬Û1± ˙±fl¡ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 ’±ÀÚ ’±1n∏ ¸±Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±11 ˙±fl¡ ˘·˘·±˝◊√√ 1±øg ‡±˚˛º ¸±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰-¬1±¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡À˘fl¡˘1 ¬Û‰¬˘± Œ‡±ª±ÀÈ¬± ¤È¬± ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ øÚ˚˛˜º ◊√√˚˛±1 ø¬ÛÂ√1 ø√Ú

ë¬ı±À √√± ø¬ı ∏≈ª±íº ¬ıí √√±· ± √√1 ¤ ◊√√ ‰¬Ó≈¬Ô« ø√ÚÀÈ¬±Ó¬ ·“±›1 fl¡À˘±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ ø √√ ± · Δ √√ Ê√±Õ‡ ‡±Õ˘ Á¡fl¡± ’±ø√ Δ˘ ” √√œ˚±ˆ¬±Àªø¬ı˘ ¬ı± Ú√œÓ¬ ˜±Â√ ˜±ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˚±˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¸fl¡À˘±Àª ø˜ø˘˜±ø1 ’Ú± ±ÀÂ√À1 Ó‘¬ø5À1 ¤¸“±Ê√ ‡±˚˛º ¬ı˝√√±· ±˝√√1 ¬Û=˜ø√ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ëø˙fl¡±1 ø¬ı ∏≈ª±í ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ø√Ú± ŒÎ¬fl¡± ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±¸fl¡À˘±Àª ˘· Δ˝√√ ¬Û±˝√√±1 ¬ı± ¬˝√√±ø¬ıÓ¬ ˝√√ø1Ì±, ˙˝√√±¬ÛU ’±ø√Ê√c ø‰¬fl¡±1 fl¡ø1 ¸fl¡À˘±Àª ø˜ø˘ Œˆ¬±Ê√ˆ¬±Ó¬ ‡±˚˛º ¬ıí˝√√±·˜± √√1 ∏á¬ ’Ô«±» ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 Œ˙ ∏1 ø√ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ëŒ√› ø¬ı ∏≈ª±í ø √√‰¬±À¬Û¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1 Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘º ¤ ◊√√ø√Ú± ‚11 ¬Û”Ê√… Œ√›Œ√ªœfl¡ ¬Û”Ê√± ’‰«¬Ú± ’±·¬ıÏ¬ˇ±, Ú±˜ fl¡œÓ«¬Ú fl¡À1 ’±1n∏Ò «¢∂Lö¬Û±Í¬ fl¡À1º ◊√√ ˛±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1 ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 ¤ ◊√√ Œ˙ ∏1 ø√ÚÀÈ¬±Ó¬¸±Ó¬ø¬ıÒ ^¬ı… Œ‡ª±À1± ’±Ú ¤fl¡ øÚ˚˛˜ ’±ÀÂ√º Ê√„√√± fl¡‰≈¬,Œfl¡±˜˘ Ó¬1± ·Â√, ’±˜1 Ù¬˘, fl¡‰≈¬1 Œfl¡±˜˘ ¬Û±Ó¬, ŒÏ¬fl¡œ˚˛±,qfl¡±øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ Œ¬ıÓ¬1 ·±Ê√± ¤ ◊√√ ±Ó¬ø¬ıÒ ¬ı… Œ‡±ª± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√¸±Ó¬ø¬ıÒ ^¬ı…fl¡ ˙±fl¡-qfl¡±øÓ¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º Ê√Úø¬ıù´±¸˜ÀÓ¬ ¤ ◊√√ ±fl¡-qfl¡±øÓ¬ Œ‡±ª±Ê√Ú1 Œ√ √√Ó¬ ø¬ı ∏ Œ¬ı√Ú±1 Î¬◊¬Û˙˜√√ º

¤ÀÚ√À1 ◊√√ ±Ó¬ø√Ú Òø1 Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1 øÚÊ√1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ª ëø¬ı¯∏≈ª±íº ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊»ªøÓ¬Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ Ó¬±»¬Û˚« ¬ı˝√√Ú fl¡ø1’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ˜Úfl¡ø1¬ı˘·œ˚˛± Œ˚ Ò˜«œ˚˛ ¬Û1•Û1± 1œøÓ¬ ÚœøÓ¬’±1n∏ ·Â√ Ó¬± ¬Û±Ó¬ ¬ıÀÚÃ¯∏øÒÀ1± ’Ò…˚˛Ú1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úº øfl¡c¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ˜˚˛Ó¬ ¢∂±˜…±=˘ ˜”À˝√√± ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ø√˙1 ·“±ÔøÚ’±1y Œ˝√√±ª±À1 ¬Û1± ¬ıUø‡øÚÀ˚˛ fl¡±˘1 ·øÓ¬Ó¬ øÚ–À˙¯∏ Δ˝√√Œ˚±ª±1 Î¬◊¬ÛSê˜ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ 1œøÓ¬-ÚœøÓ¬ fl‘¡ø©Ü¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ fl¡À˘± ø√ ÀÓ¬ ‰¬‰«¬±1 ’ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘’±øÊ√ ¸—fl¡È¬1 ·1±˝√√Õ˘ Δ· ’±ÀÂ√º Œ¸À˚˛À˝◊√ √ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 fl‘¡ø©Ü ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ Ê√œ˚˛±˝◊√√ 1±ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Ê√Ú¸À‰¬Ó¬ÚÓ¬± ’±1n∏ ‰¬‰«¬±1 øÚÓ¬…±ôL ◊√√ õ∂À ˛±Ê√Ú Δ √√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º

11

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¬Û1˜ fl¡±¬ı… 1ø¸fl¡ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ – õ∂¸e ¸±1ªÓ¬œÎ¬0 ø¡ZÀÊ√f Ú±Ô ˆ¬fl¡Ó¬

˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ›1ÀÙ¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√fl¡ ’±ø˜ ¤Ê√ÚøÚ¬Û≈Ú Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬ ’±1n∏ Œ|á¬ ¬ıœ1 ’±øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘À˚˛˝◊√√ Ê√±ÀÚ±º¸±Ò±1Ì ¬Û±Í¬fl¡ Ú±˘±À·√ ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…À¸ªœ ¬ıUÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Ú±Ê√±ÀÚ Œ˚qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ 1ÌÀé¬SÓ¬ Œ˚ÀÚÕfl¡ ’±øÂ√˘ ¤Ê√Ú õ∂‰¬G Œ˚±X±’±1n∏ fl¡˘± Œé¬SÓ¬ ’±øÂ√ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ¤Ê√Ú 1ø¸fl¡ ¬ÛøGÓ¬º 1ø¸fl¡¬ÛøGÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ±1ªÓ¬œ ¢∂Lö1 õ∂¸eÓ¬ ’±øÊ√ ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√øÚ¬ıg1 ’ªÓ¬±1Ì±º 1991 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ &ª±˝√√±È¬œ Œfl¡±1±Ê√¬Û±ø¬ıvÀfl¡ù´Ú1 ¸˝√√À˚±·Ó¬ &ª±˝√√±È¬œ ø¬ı1n∏¬ı±1œø¶öÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ øij˘ÚœÀ ˛ ëÊ√ ˛ Œ√ª¸… ·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμ ƒ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ¸±1ªÓ¬œ ¸À˜Ó¬˜í (Jaydeva's GitaGovindam with Saravati) Ú±À˜À1 ¤‡Ú ¢∂Lö õ∂fl¡±˙fl¡ø1øÂ√ Œ¸ ◊√√ ˜˚1 ‰¬1fl¡±11 ’Ô« ± √√± «Ó¬º ◊√√ ±1 ’±·ˆ¬±·Δ˘øÂ√˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸øij˘Úœ1 Î¬0 ¬ÛÀ1˙ ¬ı˜«Ú ’±1n∏˝√√À1f Œ˜±˝√√Ú Ó¬±˘≈fl¡√±1À√Àªº Î¬◊Mê√ ¢∂Lö‡Ú ¸•Û±√Ú±fl¡ø1øÂ√ &ª± √√±È¬œ ø¬ıù´ø¬ı√…±˘˚1 1¬ıœf Ú±Ô Í¬±fl≈¡1 ’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡Î¬0 ÀÓ¬…f Ú±Ô «±À√Àª ’±1n∏ √√fl¡±1œ •Û±√fl¡ ’±øÂ√Î¬0 ≈À1˙ ‰¬f ¬ı1±À√ªº ’±øÊ√ õ∂± ˛ ≈√È¬± √ fl¡ ¬Û±1 Δ √√ ·í˘º¢∂Lö‡Ú1 õ∂À ˛±Ê√ÚœÓ¬±Õ˘ é¬…1±ø‡ ¬Û±Í¬fl¡1 :±Ó¬±ÀÔ« ’±ø˜øfl¡Â≈√ fl¡Ô± ◊√√ ˛±Ó¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ Òø1¬ıÕ˘ P fl¡ø1À˘±º ¢∂Lö‡Ú1 ¬Û≈Ú1˜≈^Ì ’±ø˜ fl¡±˜Ú± fl¡À1±º

1951 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ Œ¬Û±ª± The Journal ofGuwahati University 1 õ∂Ô˜ ¬ıÂ√1 õ∂Ô˜ —‡…±Ó¬Assamese Versions of the GitagovindaÚ±À˜ õ∂¬ıgÓ¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 È¬œfl¡±1 ±˜±Ú… ¬Ûø1‰¬˚ ø√ ± Δ √√øÂ√ º

Ó¬≈√¬Ûø1 Î¬0 øˆ¬ 1±‚ªÚ1 ¸•Û±√Ú±Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ Œ˝√√±ª± TheJournal of Music Academy, 1956 ±^±Ê√1¤È¬± ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¸—‡…±Ó¬ ’¸˜Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± øÓ¬øÚÈ¬± ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ È¬œfl¡±1˚Ô±SêÀ˜ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√, 1P±fl¡1 fl¡μ˘œ ’±1n∏ Ò‘øÓ¬√±¸1 ¬Ûø1‰¬ ˛õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û± ◊√√øÂ√˘º Î¬0 ÀÓ¬…f Ú±Ô «± ’±1n∏ Î¬0 ≈À1˙ ‰¬f¬ı1±À√Àª qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 ±1ªÓ¬œ È¬œfl¡±‡Ú øÓ¬øÚ‡Ú “±ø‰¬¬ÛÓ¬œ ˛±¬Û≈øÔ1 øˆ¬øM√√Ó¬ ≈&Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Î¬◊ø˘˚± ◊√√øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√‡Ú Î¬0 «±À√ÀªÎ¬◊M√√1 &ª± √√±È¬œ1 ¬Û1± õ∂ ˛±Ó¬ Î¬◊À¬Ûf ‰¬f Œ˘‡±1n∏1 Œ˚±À·ø√¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ ¬ı±fl¡œ ≈√‡Ú &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 ¬ı≈1?œ ’±1n∏¬Û≈1±Ó¬Q ø¬ıˆ¬±·1 —1øé¬Ó¬ Ôfl¡± ¬Û≈øÔ1 ¬Û1± ˜˘ Δ˘øÂ√˘ºÓ¬≈√¬Ûø1 Î¬0 ÀÓ¬…f Ú±Ô «± ◊√√ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ŒÊ√…á¬ ¬±Ó‘¬ ¬ÛøGÓ¬Ó¬œÔ«Ú±Ô ˙˜«±˝◊√√ Œ¬ıÌ≈Ò1 ˙˜«±1 ¬Û1± ¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1 Œ√ªÚ±·ø1˝√√1Ù¬Ó¬ Úfl¡˘ fl¡ø1 1‡± ¬Û±G≈ø˘ø¬Û› ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘˜≈‡¬ıgÓ¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

¬Û1˜ 1ø¸fl¡ &1n∏, ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ¸≈Ê√±Ú ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛Ê√ ˛À√ª fl¡ø¬ı1 ë·œÓ¬ Œ·±øªμ fl¡±¬ı…í1 ¬Û±øGÓ¬… ¬Û”Ì« ë¸±1ªÓ¬œíÈ¬œfl¡± 1‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º fl¡øª 1+À¬Û Ê√˚˛À√ª ’fl¡˘ ˆ¬±1Ó¬ÀÓ¬Ú˝√√˚˛ ’±ôLÊ√±øÓ«¬fl¡ ô¶1ÀÓ¬± ¸˜±ÀÚ˝◊√√ ‡…±øÓ¬ ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º¸—¶‘®Ó¬ fl¡±¬ı… 1‰¬Ú±1 1œøÓ¬1 Œé¬SÓ¬ ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ ’Ú±Ó¬ Ê√˚˛À√ª’±øÂ√ ø¸X √√ô¶º ŒÓ¬›“1 õ∂Ò±Ú ’±1n∏ õ∂ø¸X 1‰¬Ú± √√í˘ ë·œÓ¬Œ·±øªμíº ¡Z±√˙ ˙øÓ¬fl¡±Ó¬ 1ø‰¬Ó¬ 12 È¬± ¸·« ˚≈Mê√ fl¡±¬ı…‡Ú’±øÂ√˘ Œ¸˝◊√√¸˜˚˛1 ’±È¬±˝◊√√Ó¬Õfl¡ Ê√Úøõ∂˚˛ ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ fl¡±¬ı…¢∂Löº¸˜¢∂ ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ ◊√√˚˛±1 õ∂±˚˛ 40 È¬± ±Ú È¬œfl¡± ’±1n∏ ’Ê√¶⁄¬Û±G≈ø˘ø¬Û ’±øª¶‘®Ó¬ Δ √√ÀÂ√º

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·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμ1 ’±fl¡ ∏«Ì1 fl¡±1Ì ” √√ ’±øÂ√˘ ñ[1] ˙s1 Ò√ıøÚ ˜±Ò≈˚«, [2] 1‰¬Ú±Õ˙˘œ1

Œfl¡±˜˘fl¡±ôL ±Ò≈ «, [3] |n∏øÓ¬¸±˜…, [4] 1±· Ó¬±˘1 õ∂À ˛±·,[5] 1±Ò± fl‘¡¯û1 &Ì õ∂fl¡±˙1 ’øˆ¬Úª õ∂fl¡±˙ ’±1n∏ [6]

fl¡±¬ı… 1‰¬Ú±1 ÚÓ≈¬Ú 1œøÓ¬ õ∂ªÓ«¬Úº fl¡±¬ı…‡Ú Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¤‡Ú¸·«¬ıg fl¡±¬ı… Œ˚Ú ±ø·À˘› ·Ó¬±Ú≈·øÓ¬fl¡ 1+¬Û1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ ’±øÂ√¤‡Ú ¶§Ó¬La 1+¬ÛÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±ø˙Ó¬ fl¡±¬ı…º ˝◊√˚˛±Ó¬ ¬ı±1È¬± ¸·« ’±1n∏24 È¬± ·œÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√º õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ÀÈ¬± ·«Ó¬ ·ÀÎ¬ˇ ≈¬È¬±Õfl¡ 1±·Ó¬±˘˚≈Mê√ ·œÓ¬Ó¬ 1±Ò±fl‘¡¯û1 Œõ∂˜, ø¬ı1˝√√, ø¬ıõ∂˘y Œõ∂˜1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß’ª¶ö± ’±1n∏ Œ˙ ∏Ó¬ ø˜˘Ú1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œõ∂À˜±i§±√ ’ª¶ö±1 ¬ıÌ«Ú±Œ¬Û±ª± ±˚˛º ·œÓ¬1 Œ˚±À·ø√ fl¡±¬ı… 1‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± 1œøÓ¬›˝◊√√˚˛±1 ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ ¸—À˚±øÊ√Ó¬ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º ’±Ú˝√√±ÀÓ¬ ’X« Ú±È¬fl¡œ˚˛1+À¬Û± ◊√√ ˛±1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ’±fl¡ ∏«Ì1 fl¡±1Ìº ’±Ú˝√√±ÀÓ¬ 1±· Ó¬±˘˝√√œÚ ˆ¬±¬ı ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬ ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı ¬Û1±Õfl¡ ˝◊√√˚˛±Ó¬ ¤Àfl¡±È¬±Õfl¡Œù≠±fl¡ ¬ı± ¬ı‘M√√ ’±ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ fl¡±¬ı…‡Ú1 &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ ±1œ ¬ı± ¬Û±√1 ’ôL…ø˜˘º ¤ ◊√√ÀÈ¬± ’¬Ûw—˙ ±ø √√Ó¬…1¬Û1± Ê√˚˛À√Àª ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ fl¡±¬ı… 1œøÓ¬Ó¬ õ∂Àª˙ ‚È¬±˝◊√√øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘¬ÛøGÓ¬¸fl¡À˘ Ò±1Ì± fl¡À1º õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ ·œÓ¬1 ’ôLÓ¬ fl¡ø¬ı1ˆ¬øÌÓ¬± õ∂À˚˛±·1 1œøÓ¬ Ê√˚˛À√ª1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ —¶‘®Ó¬ ±ø˝√√Ó¬…Ó¬Ú±øÂ√˘, Ê√˚˛À√Àª ¤˝◊√√ 1œøÓ¬ õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡ø1 ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ ’±øÚøÂ√˘ºø˚ÀÈ¬± ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±¸˜”˝√√1 ˜Ò…˚≈·1 fl¡ø¬ı¸fl¡˘1 1‰¬Ú±1¸±Ò±1Ì ø¬ıÀ˙¯Q Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1º øfl¡c Ê√˚˛À√ª ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ·œÓ¬Œ·±ø¬ıμ1 ’±È¬± ◊√√Ó¬Õfl¡ Î¬±„√√1 &Ì Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ õ∂øÓ¬Ò√ıøÚ ’±1n∏ s˘±ø˘Ó¬…1 ±Ò≈ «º Œ¸ ◊√√ fl¡±1ÀÌ ◊√√ ¤ ◊√√ fl¡±¬ı…1 ’Ú≈¬ı±√ fl¡1± ± ˛’±1n∏ ±Ò≈˚« ’Ú≈¬ı±√ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± Ú±˚±˚˛º

Ê√ À√ª1 fl¡±¬ı…‡øÚÓ¬ 12 È¬± ·« ’±øÂ√ ¤ÀÚ Ò1Ì1ñ [1] ¸±À˜±√ √±À˜±√1, [2] ’Àflv¡˙ Œfl¡˙ª, [3] ≈*˜Ò≈ ≈√Ú, [4] ø¶ß* Ò≈ ”√Ú, [5] ±fl¡∫ ¬Û≈G1œ fl¡±é¬, [6]

Ò‘á¬ Δ¬ıfl≈¡F, [7] Ú±·1 Ú±1± ˛Ì, [8] ø¬ı˘Ñ Ñœ¬ÛøÓ¬, [9]

˜≈* ˜≈fl≈¡μ, [10] ˜≈* ˜±Òª, [11] ¸±Úμ Œ·±ø¬ıμ ’±1n∏[12] ≈õ∂œøÓ¬ ¬ÛœÓ¬±•§1º

·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμ ’±øÂ√ Ê√ À√ª1 Ó¬1±1 ±Ê√Ó¬ ‰¬f1√À1 Î¬◊8˘Ó¬˜ ¸‘ø©Üº ë·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμÓ¬í Œ˘Ãøfl¡fl¡ Œõ∂˜1’±Ò±1Ó¬ ø√Ú Œõ∂˜ ¤ÀÚ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìœ˚˛ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√

Œ˚ Δ¬ı¯ûª ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ’±√1 ’±1n∏ g±Ú ±ˆ¬ fl¡1±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1›¸fl¡À˘± fl¡±¬ı… 1ø¸fl¡ ¬Û±Í¬fl¡1 ◊√√ —À¬ı√Ú˙œ˘ Δ˝√√ ø¬ıù´Ê√ÚœÚ’±À¬ı√Ú ±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˜Ô« Δ √√ÀÂ√º ·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμfl¡ ’Ú≈fl¡1Ìfl¡ø1 ¬Û1ªÓ«¬œ ’ÀÚfl¡ fl¡ø¬ı› fl¡±¬ı… 1‰¬Ú± fl¡1±1 fl¡Ô± Œ¬Û±ª±˚±˚º

˜ √√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬ ±1±˚ ¤ √√±ÀÓ¬ ø˚√À1 ’¶a ‰¬±˘Ú±Ó¬ ¬Û±·«Ó¬’±øÂ√˘ ’±Ú˝√√±ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ’±øÂ√˘ ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ¬ı…øMê√º ¬ı—˙±ª˘œÓ¬Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√ Œ˚ Ú1Ú±1±˚Ì ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±˚fl¡ ø¬ıù´ø¸— √√ ◊√√ Î¬◊2‰¬ø˙é¬±1 fl¡±1ÀÌ ¬ı±1±Ì¸œ1 ¬ıËp¡±Úμ ¸iß…±¸œ1 ›‰¬1Õ˘¬ÛÍ¬± ◊√√øÂ√ º Ó¬±Ó¬ Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ì ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±À ˛ ¬ı…±fl¡1Ì, ¬Û≈1±Ì,|n∏øÓ¬-¶ú‘øÓ¬, œ˜±—¸±, ’—fl¡ ±¶a, ÚœøÓ¬, ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬ ∏, Ó¬fl«¡˙±¶a’±ø√1 ø˙é¬± Δ˘øÂ√ º ¬ı—˙±ª˘œ1 ¬ıÌ«Ú±À¬ı±1 ’øÓ¬1ø?Ó¬ ¬ı≈ø˘Òø1À˘› ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ Œ˚ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ¬Û±øGÓ¬… ’Ê«√Ú fl¡ø1øÂ√˘¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏À ˛ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Àμ √√ Ú± ◊√√º

qflv¡Ò√ıÊ1√ 1ø‰¬Ó¬ ·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμ1 ë¸±1ªÓ¬œí È¬œfl¡±Ó¬Ê√·X1 ¬·œ1Ô, 1±Ì±fl≈¡y ’±ø√ ¬Û”¬ı«1 È¬œfl¡±fl¡±1 fl¡˘1 Î¬◊X‘øÓ¬’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ˜Ó¬1 ¡Z±1± øÚÊ√1 ˜Ó¬1 ¸˜Ô«Ú Œ¬Û±ª±˚± ˛º ’±Ú √√±ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡øÓ¬ ˛±¬ı± ¶ö±Úø¬ıÀ˙À ∏ ’¢∂± √√…› fl¡1± Œ√‡±˚±˚˛º ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ øÚÊ√1 1ø‰¬Ó¬ Œù≠±Àfl¡À1 È¬œfl¡±1 ˜—·˘±‰¬1Ì’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1¸˜±ø5 ‚È¬± ◊√√ÀÂ√º —·˘±‰¬1Ì Œù≠±fl¡ ≈√È¬±1 ’¸˜œ˚±’Ô« √√í˘ ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 ñ

1] ˚±1 fl≈¡‰¬1 fl¡±¯∏Ó¬ fl¡d1œ fl¡11 Œ˙±ˆ¬±, ‰¬fl≈¡Ó¬fl¡±Ê√˘1 ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬, fl¡FÓ¬ Úœ˘± ¬Û≈√˜ 1±ø˙1 Œ¸Ãμ˚«, ˜≈‡Ó¬Œˆ¬±À˜±1±1 ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬, ˝√√+√˚˛Ó¬ ¬Û”>±1 ’Ç≈11 Œ˙±ˆ¬± ø¬ıô¶±1fl¡ø1ÀÂ√, 1±¸1 Î¬◊~±¸Ó¬ ˜Ó¬˘œ˚˛± ˆ¬·¬ı±Ú fl‘¡¯û1 ¤ÀÚÀ¬ı±1fl¡±øôLÀ˚˛ ŒÓ¬±˜±À˘±fl¡fl¡ 1é¬± fl¡1fl¡º

2] ˜ÚÓ¬ ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ È¬œfl¡±fl¡±1¸fl¡˘1 ø¬ıø¬ıÒ ¬ı±‡…±¶ú1Ì ’±1n∏ Ó¬±Ó¬ ±1 ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ¬±Àª ø¬ıÀ¬ı‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1 ¬ıU 7¡¡¡Ú1ˆ¬± ∏ÀÌÀ1 Œ|á¬fl¡ø¬ı Ê√ ˛À√ª1 1‰¬Ú±1 &Ï¬ˇ±Ô« Î¬◊æ√±ªfl¡ ø¬ı¶Û©Üë¸±1ªÓ¬œí Ú±˜1 ¤ ◊√√ È¬œfl¡± Ú1¬ÛøÓ¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ 1‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

¬Ûø1¸˜±ø5 ø √√‰¬±À¬Û Î¬◊¬Û¸— √√±1Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√ ñ1] ≈À¬ı±Ò ¬ı±ø˘fl¡± ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ¬ı±Ò… ÚÓ≈¬Ú Œ¬ı±ª±1œÀ˚›

õ∂±À˚˛˝◊√√ øÚÀÊ√ øfl¡¬ı± ¤È¬±Ó¬ õ∂Àª˙ fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√Ó¬±˝◊√ √1 ¸‡œÀ˚˛fl¡1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú, ŒÓ¬ÀÚ√À1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬ fl¡ø¬ı

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¬¿Ê√ ˛À√ª1 1±Ìœ, ¬±1Ó¬œ1 √À1 ◊√√ ¿qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 ¤ ◊√√ È¬œfl¡±1¡Z±1± ◊√√À √√ ø¬ı¡Z±Ú fl¡À˘ [Ê√ À√ª1 1‰¬Ú±1] Ó¬±»¬Û «, &Ì ’±1n∏’˘—fl¡±1¬Û”Ì«¬Û√ ’ª·Ó¬ √√í¬ı ¬Û±ø1¬ıº

2] Œ|á¬ øÚ&Ï¬ ’Ô« õ∂øÓ¬¬Û±√fl¡, Ú±Ú± ’˘—fl¡±À1À1ø¬ıˆ¬”ø ∏Ó¬, &ÌªÓ¬œ, ’ôLøÚø √√Ó¬ |X±¬Û”Ì« ¬ÛøGÓ¬ Ê√ À√ª fl¡ø¬ı1¬ı±Ìœ 1Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 ˜≈fl≈¡È¬1 ˜øÌÀ1 1ø?Ó¬ ¬Û±˚≈·˘1ŒÊ√…±øÓ¬¸•Ûiß ¿qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ Ú1¬ÛøÓ¬1 ¤˝◊ √ √ fl ‘ ¡øÓ¬Qfl¡äfl¡±˘Õ˘Àfl¡ ø¬ıÊ√ ˛œ √√ífl¡º

3] ...................... ’±À‚±Ì ± √√1 ø¡ZÓ¬œ ˛± øÓ¬øÔÓ¬¸˜±5 ˝√√í˘º [¤˝◊√√ Œù≠±fl¡ÀÈ¬±Àª ¸±1ªÓ¬œ 1‰¬Ú±1 ‰¬Ú øÚøV«©Üfl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ø˘ø¬Û¶Û©Ü Ú √√ ˛ ¬ı±À¬ı ◊√√ ˛±Ó¬ ø√ ˛± Œ √√±ª± Ú± ◊√√º]

4] ¿qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ Ú1¬ÛøÓ¬1 ¡Z±1± 1ø‰¬Ó¬, 1¸fl¡ ¬Û”Ì«Ó¬±¸•Û±√Úfl¡±1œ ë¸±1ªÓ¬œÀ˚í ¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœÓ¬ fl¡äfl¡±˘Õ˘Àfl¡ fl¡œøÓ¬«õ∂√√√›“fl¡º

qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ë¸±1ªÓ¬œí È¬œfl¡±1 ¤È¬± ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Δ¬ıø¯∏©Ü… Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ˝◊√√˚˛±Ó¬ Ê√˚˛À√Àª õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡1± 1±·¸˜”˝√√1Ò…±Ú ¬ı± ‰¬±é≈¬¸ 1+¬Û ¬ıÌ«Ú± ’±ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ 1±·Ò…±ÀÚ˝◊√√ 1±Ê√¬Û≈1¶§ä±˚Ó¬Ú ø‰¬S˜±˘±1 ’±√ «º ø‰¬˘±1±À˚ ø¸øÔ˘±1 õ∂ø¸X Ú‘Ó¬…-¸—·œÓ¬ ˙±¶afl¡±1 qˆ¬ªfl¡11 ë¸—·œÓ¬ √±À˜±√1í1 ¬Û1±1±·Ò…±Ú¸ ” √√ Î¬◊X‘Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º È¬œfl¡±Ó¬ —·œÓ¬ √±À˜±√11 Î¬◊À~‡¬Û±“›º qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ ë·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμíÓ¬ õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡1± õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ÀÈ¬±1±·1 Ò…±Ú Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1À˘›, øfl¡c Ó¬±˘ •ÛÀfl«¡ ¤Àfl¡± fl¡Ô±Œfl¡±ª± Ú± ◊√√º ŒÓ¬›“ Î¬◊X‘Ó¬ fl¡1± ≈√È¬±˜±Ú 1±·Ò…±Ú1 Ú ≈Ú± √√í˘ñ

1] 1±˜øfl¡1œ ñ ¶§Ì«õ∂ˆ¬± ˆ¬±¶§1ˆ¬”¯∏Ì± ‰¬ Úœ˘—øÚÀ‰¬±˘— ª¬Û≈ ∏± ª √√øôLº

fl¡±ÀôL ¬ÛÀ√±¬Û±ôL˜øÒøá¬ÀÓ¬ √√ø¬Û ±ÀÚ±ißÓ¬± 1±˜øfl¡1œõ∂ø√©Ü±ºº

2] Δˆ¬1ªœ – ˙…±˜± ¸≈Àfl¡¬Ûœ øõ∂˚˛ª±ø√Úœ ‰¬¸—À˘ø¬ÛÓ¬± Œ˘±ø˝√√Ó¬ ‰¬μÀÚÚº

¬ÛœÓ¬¶⁄·Ò…±ø¸Ó¬ Œfl¡˙¬Û±˙± Œõ∂±Mê√± fl¡ªœÕf– øfl¡˘Δˆ¬1ªœ˚˛˜ƒºº

¸±ª1Ó¬œÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂±Ó¬á¬±˙œ˘ ¢∂Lö,Œ˘‡fl¡, ’±˘—fl¡±ø1fl¡1 fl¡Ô± Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1 ’ÀÚfl¡1 Î¬◊X‘øÓ¬›Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± Œ√‡± ± ˛º Ó¬±À1 Œfl¡ ◊√√‡Ú˜±Ú Î¬◊À~‡À˚±·… ¢∂Lö

√√í˘ñ[fl¡] Œfl¡±¯∏ ñ ’˜1 Œfl¡±¯∏, ¬ı‘X ’˜1, ˙±ù´Ó¬,

ø¬ıù´, Ò1Ìœ, Œ˜ø√Úœ, √√±1±ª˘œ, 1PÀfl¡±¯∏º[‡] fl¡±¬ı… Ú±È¬fl¡ ñ ±˘Ó¬œ ±Òª, ‘—·±1øÓ¬˘fl¡,

˜≈^±1±é¬¸, fl¡¬Û”«1˜?1œ, ¬±·ªÓ¬ ¬Û≈1±Ìº[·] fl¡±¬ı…˙±¶a ñ Ú±È¬…˙±¶a, ¬±ª˘Ó¬±, fl¡±¬ı…±√ «,

¸±ø √√Ó¬… √¬Û«Ì, 1¶§Ó¬œ fl¡F±ˆ¬1Ì,[‚] fl¡±˜˙±¶a ñ fl¡±˜ ”S, fl¡±˜Ó¬La, ¬1Ó¬, 1ø˙fl¡-

¸ª¶§«, Ú±·1 ¬ı«¶§º[„√√] √ «Ú ñ Ú…± ˛ fl≈¡ ≈ ±?ø˘º[‰¬] È¬œfl¡± ñ ±1√œø¬Ûfl¡±, ¬ÛœÓ¬ ≈Gœ ˛ [ˆ¬·œ1Ô],

1ø¸fl¡øõ∂ ˛± [fl≈¡y]qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ È¬œfl¡± 1‰¬Ú± fl¡À1“±ÀÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¬Û±Í¬Àˆ¬√1

Í¬±À˚˛ Í¬±À˚˛ Î¬◊À~‡ Úfl¡1±Õfl¡ Ôfl¡± Ú±˝◊√√º ¸·«1 ¶ö±Ú ø¬ıÀ˙À¯∏¬Û±Í¬Àˆ¬√À1± Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ±1ªÓ¬œÓ¬ Œfl¡ ◊√√¬ı±È¬±› ’Ò…± ˛Ó¬1øÓ¬ ±¶a1 øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú Î¬◊¬Û±√±Ú øißø¬ı©Ü Œ˝√√±ª± Œ√‡± ±˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘Î¬0 ¸ÀÓ¬…f Ú±Ô ˙˜«± Œ√Àª Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ - Œ¸˝◊√√ ’Ò…±˚˛Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ 23-25 [¸±˜±Ú… øˆ¬Ú˚˛, Œª±˙…±¬Û‰¬±1,¶aœ¬Û≈1n∏ ∏±¬Û‰¬±1, ¬ı±À˝√√…±¬Û‰¬±fl¡]º qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ ø¡ZÓ¬œ ˛ ·« ’±1n∏¡Z±√˙ ¸·«1 È¬œfl¡±Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß 1øÓ¬ ˙±¶a1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ˆ¬1Ó¬1[Ú±È¬…˙±¶a1] Î¬◊X‘øÓ¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ ø√ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› Ú±È¬…˙±¶a1 ’Ò…±˚˛Ó¬qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√±Mê√± ˆ¬1Ó¬ Î¬◊øMê√ Œ¬Û±ª± Œ˝√√±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√1øÓ¬øSê˚±1 [ ≈1Ó¬±ôL ’ª¶ö±] ¬Ûø1¸˜±ø51 é¬Ì [‰≈¬…øÓ¬ é¬Ì]¤ÀÚ Ò1ÀÌ ø√ÀÂ√ ñ ëë¤ÀÓ¬Ú ¸≈1Ó¬±ôL±ª¶ö √ø˙«Ó¬±-Ó¬≈√Mê√¸y±1ÀÓ¬ ’—·À¶§√– ù≠ÔQ= Œfl¡˙Àª˙±ø√ ¸¶‘®øÓ¬–º˚±ÀÓ¬ ‰≈¬…øÓ¬¸≈À‡ Ú±˚«…± ø¬ı1±À·26√± ˜…ÀÓ¬ººíí 2˚˛8º

¸±1ªÓ¬œ 1øÓ¬ ˙±¶a1 øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú øÚ√˙«Ú Ó≈¬ø˘ Ò1±Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º Œ˚ÀÚ ñ ‘e±1 é¬Ì±ª˘œ ñ

[1] Ê√‡Úfl¡ø˘Ó¬fl¡±ôL– Œ˙±øÌ1À¬Û…±ø1©Ü±Óƒ¬º¬ıËÊ√øÓ¬ ø√ √√ Ú±1œ ≈ÀMê√±Àfl¡À¬Û±M√√1œ ˛±,fl¡1ª√Ú √√√…— ‰≈¬•§Ú=±øªÒ» ≈fl¡˘˚˛±Ó¬ Ê√‚ÀÚ±¬ÛÀù≠¯∏À˚Ú— ≈Úœf–ºº 2˚4

[2] ’Ò1√ Ú øÊ√ 3√√±¬Û±Ú¸±1ˆ¬… fl≈¡‡…±Ó‘¬Ú ˛Úª√Ú&À √√± Œ‰¬øÓ¬ øÊ√ 3√√±õ∂¸±À1

14

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

¢∂ √√Ì˜˜ ø¬ı√Ò…±Óƒ¬ ª¶aÀfl¡˙ô¶Ú±À√–fl≈¡‰¬ ≈·ô¶ÚÀ√À˙ ¬ı«√ÚÀ=±1n∏ ≈À¢üºº 2 ˛4

[3] ’Àe √√ Ó¬Àg √√ ≈À‡±¬Ûøª©Ü±—·±Ï¬ˇ—¬ÛøÓ¬– ø˙ ∏…øÓ¬ ± ‰¬ fl¡±cªº’ÀÚ…±Ú…·±ÀS øª˙Ó¬œª 1±·±Óƒ¬¡Zμ— Ó¬e± é¬œ1Ê√˘±øˆ¬Ò±Ú ƒºº 2˚4

¬Û≈1n∏ ∏±ø˚Ó¬ ‘—·±1ñÚ”¬Û≈1øÚ–¶§ÀÚÃ Ê√±ÀÓ¬ ◊√√ | ˛ÀÓ¬ 1¸Ú±Ò√ıøÚ–‡≈Ï¬ˇ±fl¡±ÀôL 1øÓ¬|±ÀôL fl¡±ø˜Úœ ¬Û≈1n∏ ∏± ˛ÀÓ¬º 2˚7

ŒSêÃ=¬ıgÚ–≈√Àô¶Ã ¬¬Û(±» ˜±Úœ ˛ ¬Û√¶ö±ÀÚ ø˙1ô¶Ô±ø¶a ˛±– ¬Û±À√± √√+ø√¶ö±ÀÚ ŒSêÃ=¬ıg– õ∂fl¡œøÓ¬Ó¬–ºº¢∂±˜…¬ıg é¬Ì–Î¬◊M√√±øÚÓ¬±˚˛±– ¸≈1ÀÓ¬ ˚”√1n∏ ’±¸œÚfl¡±ÀôL±1n∏·ÀÓ¬Ã

ˆ¬ÀªÓ¬± ƒº¢∂±˜…— Ó¬√± …±» fl¡øÈ¬ÀÓ¬± √±¸… ¬ıø √√« ¬ÀªÓ¬±— øfl¡˘

Ú±1·1±‡…˜”ººÎ¬◊¬Ûø1Î¬◊Mê√ fl¡±˜˙±¶a1 øÚ√˙«Ú ’±1n∏ ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1

¸1 √√ ¬±ª Î¬◊X‘øÓ¬ fl¡±˜ ”S1 [ ∏á¬ ’øÒfl¡1Ì1 √À √√±È¬± ’Ò…± ˛]Ú±·1 ¬ı«¶§1, fl¡±˜Ó¬La, 1ø¸fl¡ ¬ı«¶§ ’±ø√ ¢∂Lö1 ¬Û1± ø‰¬˘±1±À˚¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¬ı…±ª¸±˚˛ÚÀfl¡± ˜≈Úœf1+À¬Û ¬ıUÓ¬ Œé¬SÓ¬Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ ˜≈Úœf˝◊√ √ ˆ¬1Ó¬fl¡ Ú≈¬ı≈Ê√±˝◊√ √ª±»¸±˚˛ÚÀfl¡± ¬ı≈Ê√±¬ı ¬Û±À1 ¬ı≈ø˘ Î¬0 ¸ÀÓ¬…f Ú±Ô ˙˜«±À√Àª’Ú≈ ±Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º fl¡±¬ı… •ÛÀfl«¡ fl¡1± Î¬◊X‘øÓ¬À¬ı±1 qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√fl¡±¬ı…√ « Ú±È¬…˙±¶a, ¬±ª˘Ó¬±, ±ø √√Ó¬… √¬Û«Ì ’±ø√1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ —¢∂ √√fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Ú±È¬…˙±¶a1 ¬Û1± Ú±ø˚fl¡±Àˆ¬√1 —:± ¬ıU Í¬± ◊√√Ó¬ Î¬◊X‘Ó¬

fl¡1± Œ√‡± ±˚˛ºë¸±1ªÓ¬œíÓ¬ ¬ı« ±Ò±1Ì È¬œfl¡± ¢∂LöÓ¬ Ôfl¡± √À1 s1

’Ô«, õ∂øÓ¬˙s, ¬ı…±fl¡1Ì, ’˘—fl¡±1 ’±1n∏ Â√μ1 ¬ı…±‡…±¬ı˝√√˘ˆ¬±Àª Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¸fl¡À˘±À¬ı±1 qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ ë¬Û1˜fl¡±¬ı… 1ø¸fl¡í ’±1n∏ ±¶a: ¬ÛøGÓ¬1+À¬Û õ∂øÓ¬á¬± fl¡À1º ¬ı…øMê√Q1¤ÀÚ ø¬ı¬Û1œÓ¬˜≈‡œ Î¬◊8˘ ø√˙ ’øÓ¬ ≈√˘«ˆ¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¸ÀÓ¬…fÚ±Ô ˙˜«± Œ√Àª Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

¸±1ªÓ¬œ È¬œfl¡±Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ Œ¬Û±ª± ¬Û±øGÓ¬… ’±1n∏ Ú±È¬-·œÓ¬, ¸≈fl≈¡˜±1 fl¡˘±Ó¬ ¬ı≈…»¬ÛøM√√ Œ√ø‡À˚˛˝◊√√ ˜˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏ ¿˜ôL˙Ç1À√Àª ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛fl¡ ë1ø¸fl¡ ¸≈ Ê√±Úí, ë¬Û1±˜ 1ø¸fl¡&1n∏í’±ø√ ø¬ıˆ¬”¯∏ÀÌÀ1 ˆ¬”ø¯∏Ó¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ¤˝◊√√ õ∂˙—¸± Î¬◊˘±˜”˘±¬ÛøGÓ¬1 ŒÓ¬± ∏±À˜±√œ õ∂˙—¸± Ú √√ ˛º ¤·1±fl¡œ ’·±Ò ¬ÛøGÓ¬,

≈fl≈¡˜±1 fl¡˘±1 Œfl¡¬ı±È¬±› ±‡±Ó¬ ¬Û±1√ «œ ø¶öÓ¬Òœ √√±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏¿˜ôL ˙Ç1À√ª1 ¤È¬± ’±øÂ√˘ &Ì¢∂±˝√√œ Î¬◊øMê√º &1n∏Ê√ÀÚqflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 ›1ÀÙ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ‚øÚá¬ ¸±øißÒ… Δ˘ ’±ø˝√√¬ıœ1Ê√Ú±fl¡ ¬ı…øMê√Q, ¬Û±øGÓ¬… ’±1n∏ 1ø¸fl¡˜Ú1 ¬Ûø1‰¬ ˛ ¬Û± ◊√√À √√Î¬◊Mê√ ø¬ıˆ¬” ∏ÀÌÀ1 ¬”ø ∏Ó¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√ º Ç1À√ª1 ¤ ◊√√ Î¬◊øMê√À ˛ ◊√√’±øÂ√˘ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ’¸±Ò±1Ì õ∂øÓ¬ˆ¬±1 õ∂˙—¸± ¬ÛSº1±˜¸1¶§Ó¬œ ’±ø√ 1±Ê√ ˆ¬±1 fl¡ø¬ı¸fl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß1‰¬Ú± 1±øÊ√Ó¬ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì-ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 &Ì·±Ú Úfl¡1±Õfl¡ Ôfl¡±Ú± ◊√√º øfl¡c ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬1Ê√±1 õ∂ÀÓ¬…é¬¬Û‘á¬À¬Û± ∏fl¡Ó¬± Ó¬Ô±’±øÔ«fl¡ ¸±˝√√±˚« ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ Œ¸˝◊√√ õ∂˙—¸±1’ôL1±˘Ó¬ ’±R¶§±Ô« ÚÔfl¡± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡í¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1º øfl¡c ¿˜ôL˙Ç1À√ª1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 õ∂øÓ¬ fl¡1± õ∂˙—¸±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±’±R¶§±Ô« Ú±øÂ√˘º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ‰¬±Õfl¡ ¤Ê√Ú ˝√√±¬ıœÀ1Ú±øÂ√˘ ŒÓ¬›“ ’±øÂ√˘ ¬Û1˜ fl¡±¬ı…1ø¸fl¡ &1n∏›º

Ê√ ˛Ó≈¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ 1± ˛º

15

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± [Œ•°2,Œ˜‰¬,øfl¡1±Ó¬,Œfl¡±‰¬]

¬¬¬¬¬ı≈ÀXù´1 1± ˛

ëøfl¡1±Ó¬í ¸•ÛÀfl«¡ ¸≈øÚÓ¬œ fl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±Ê√œ«À˚˛ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ‘Kirata-Jana-Kriti’ Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ ‡Ú1 26

¬Û‘á¬±Ó¬ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√- ‘It is Consensusof opinion among indologists that theSanskrit term Kirata indicated the wildnon aryan tribes living in mountains, par-ticularly the Hilmalayas and in the northeastern areas of India, who wereMongolid in origin’ ’Ô±«» Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ı ˆ¬±1Ó¬1ø˝√√˜±˘ ˛ Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±Ó¬ ¬ı±¸ fl¡1± Àe±ø˘ ˛±Ú fl¡À˘ øfl¡1±Ó¬º·øÓ¬Àfl¡ øfl¡1±Ó¬ sÀÈ¬±Àª ±„√√1œ Δ˘ÀÂ√ Àe±˘œ ˛±Ú ΔÙ¬√1ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ê√±øÓ¬-Œ·±á¬œ ” √√fl¡º

ëŒ•°2í√ sÀÈ¬±1 Œé¬SÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1P ø˙À¬ıf Ú±1± ˛ÌŒfl¡±À‰¬ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 õ∂fl¡±ø˙Ó¬ ëŒfl¡±‰¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ’øÓ¬Ó¬¸g±ÚÓ¬ ¤øÈ¬ Œ‡±Ê√í Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ ‡ÚÓ¬ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡fl¡ø1ÀÂ√- ëë¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± fl¡Â√±1œ fl¡˘ ¤G±1Â√ÀÚ Œfl¡±ª±1 √À1 Œfl¡±‰¬¬ı—˙œ˚˛, Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡Ô±ÀÈ¬± Œ˜‰¬ Ú±˜ÀÈ¬±Àª õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1º õ∂±‰¬œÚfl¡±˘Ó¬ Ó¬¬ÛÔ ¬ıË±p¡Ì ¬ı1 ¶§±˜œ1 ø˜˜±—¸± ¬ ”S, ¬ÛΩ ¬Û≈1±Ì,Œ˚±·œøÚÓ¬La , ¬ÛÓ¬?˘œ1 ˝√√±ˆ¬±¯∏…Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡À˘±fl¡ Œ•°‰¬√¬ı≈ø˘ Δfl¡ÀÂ√º Œ˜‰¬ ¸—¶‘®Ó¬¬ ëŒ•°2√í1 õ∂±fl‘¡Ó¬ 1+¬Ûº ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ˜ÀÓ¬ fl¡Â√±1œ1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡±‰¬ Œ˝√√±ª± Ú±˝◊√√ º Œfl¡±‰¬1¬Û1± fl¡Â√±1œ Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬ ’±Àfl¡Ã fl¡˚˛ Œ˚ Ÿ¬fl¡ Œ¬ıÀ√fl¡Òø1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¬Û≈øÔ ¸˜”˝√√Ó¬ ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1 Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√ºøfl¡c Œ˜‰¬, fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Î¬◊À~‡ Ú±˝◊√√º ≈ÚœøÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1

Œ‰¬È¬±øÊ«√À˚˛ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ëøfl¡1±Ó¬ Ê√Úfl‘¡øÓí¬ Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ ‡ÚÓ¬¤ÀÚ √À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ Œ˚- ‘It is clear that theKoches, Meches and Tharus, of pro-nounced Turkic or Mongloid featurs anda distinct Sino Tibetan speech populatedNorth of Bengal early in the 13th cen-tury. The Easten Bodos (Chutias andKacharies) and the western Bodos (theKoches of Hajo and Kamta and theKoches of Kochbehar) disputed the po-sition the Brahmaputra Valley with theAhom’º ›¬ÛÀ1±Mê√ fl¡Ô±ø‡øÚÀ1 ≈øÚøÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±øÊ«À ˛¬Ûø1¶®±1 fl¡ø1 ø√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ Bodo ˙sÀÈ¬± ¤È¬± ¸˜ø©Ü ¬ı±‰¬fl¡˙s, íÓ¬ ¬Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± Δ √√ÀÂ√ Œfl¡±‰¬, fl¡Â√±1œ ’±1n∏ ‰≈¬È¬œ˚± fl¡˘1fl¡Ô±º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸Ó¬ ¤È¬± ≈fl¡œ˚± Ê√±øÓ¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ ◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ…¶§œfl‘¡Ó¬ Δ √√ÀÂ√º ¤ÀÚ Œé¬SÓ¬ Bodo Feature1 Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘¬ı± ŒÓ¬›“ Œ˘±fl¡1 1Ê√± ¸fl¡˘ ¬‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ ˚≈·1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡±‰¬Δ √√À˚ ◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√º Œ˚ÀÚ√À1 ‰≈¬¬È¬œ˚±, ’±À √√±˜, Ú·±¸fl¡˘ ¬ı± ’Ú…±Ú…˜—À·±˘œ˚ ΔÙ¬√1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ê√±øÓ¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ” √√ øÚÊ Ê√±øÓ¬1Ú±˜1 ’±·Ó¬ Bodo sÀÈ¬± ¬ı…ª √√±1 Úfl¡À1º ŒÓ¬ÀÚ Œé¬SÓ¬Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡À˘ ¬ı…ª √√±1 fl¡1±ÀÈ¬± ’¬ı±ôL1º ∏ ø˚À √√Ó≈¬ fl¡Â√±1œ fl¡˘1◊√√øÓ¬ √√±À¸ ◊√√ ¬ıÀÎ¬± fl¡˘1 ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸º ◊√√ fl¡±À1± ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸ Ú √√ º ◊√√

Œfl¡¬ı˘ ¬ıÀÎ¬±-fl¡Â√±1œ Ê√±øÓ¬1 ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸º Ó¬^n¬Û Œfl¡±‰¬ ¬ı± Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ fl¡˘1 ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 øÚÊ√±º

16

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¤øÓ¬˚˛± ’±ø˜ ’±À˝√√± ‰¬Ó≈¬Ô«« ˙øÓ¬fl¡±1 ¬Û1± ¸5˜˙øÓ¬fl¡±1Õ˘ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… ±¸Ú fl¡1± fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1¬ı˜«Ì ’±1n∏ ¬ı˜«Ì ¬ı—˙1 ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛1 ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ÀÈ¬± Δ˘º ¸≈øÚÓ¬œfl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±«Ê√œ ëøfl¡1±Ó¬ Ê√Ú fl‘¡øÓí¬ Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ ‡Ú1 91 ¬Û‘á¬±Ó¬¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ ‘Huen-Ts’ang by mistakedescribed Bhaskar Barman as a Brahmin,but he was just a Neo-Kshitriya, a mem-ber of Hinduised Mleccha or Non-Hinduin the Mongoloid family’º ’Ô±«» fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1¬ı˜«Ì ’Ú±˚…« Ó¬Ô± Œ•°2√1 ¬Û1± ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ é¬øS˚˛ Œ˝√√±ª± Œ˘±fl¡¬ı± ’ø˝√√μ≈ Àe“±˘œ ˛ ¬Ûø1 ˛±˘1º ≈ÚœøÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±«1Ê√œÀ ˛fl≈¡˜±1 ˆ¬±¶®1 ¬ı˜«Ì ¸À•Û«Àfl¡ ≈√È¬± fl¡Ô± ¬Ûø1¶®±1 Δfl¡ Δfl¡ÀÂ√Œ˚ÀÚ- fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1 ¬ı «Ì ’Ú±˚…« Ó¬Ô± Œ•°2√ ø √√‰¬±À¬ı ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡é¬øS˚˛ fl≈¡˘Ó¬ ’ôLˆ¬≈Mê√ Δ˝√√ÀÂº√ ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ’ø˝√√μ≈˜Àe“±˘œ˚±Ú ¬Ûø1˚±˘1 √ …º Œfl¡±‰¬1P ø˙À¬ıfÚ±1±˚Ú Œfl¡±À‰¬¬Ûø1¶®±1 ˆ¬±À¬ı Δfl¡ÀÂ√ Œ˚ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ ˙Ó¬¬ÛÔ ¬ıË±p¡Ì¸¬ı1¶§±˜œ ø˜˜±—¸± ≈S, ¬ÛΩ ¬Û≈1±Ú, Œ˚±·œøÚ Ó¬La, ¬ÛÓ¬?˘œ1˜ √√±ˆ¬± ∏…«Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰ ¬¸fl¡À˘±Àfl¡ Œ•°2√ ¬ı≈ø˘ Δfl¡ÀÂ√º Œ¸À˚À √√ õ∂±‰¬œÚfl¡±˜1+¬Û ±¸Ú fl¡1± fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1 ¬ı «Ì ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬ı—˙Ò1¸fl¡˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ ’±øÂ√˘º ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ÀÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 ˆ¬±¶®1 ¬ı˜«Ì ˚ø√›ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ é¬øS ˛ Ò «Ó¬ ’ôLˆ¬≈Mê√ Δ √√øÂ√ , øfl¡c ŒÓ¬›“ õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬Δ˙ª ¬ÛLöœ ’±øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬›“ ø˙ª1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Œ√ªÓ¬± ¬ı±ˆ¬·ª±Úfl¡ ±øÚ ¬ıÕ˘ 1±øÊ√ Ú±øÂ√ º Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚ÀÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1¬ı˜«Ì Ó¬Ô± ¬ı˜«Ì ¬ı—˙1 Ê√±øÓ¬, ˆ¬±¯∏± ’±1n∏ Î¬◊¬Û±øÒ1 Ò±1±ÀÈ¬±Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ fl¡À˘ ’±øÊ√› ¬ı √√Ú fl¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√º ¬‰¬Ó≈¬Ô«ÀÓ¬¬ı «Ì ¬ı—˙1 Î¬◊¬Û±øÒ ¬ı «Ì ¤ ◊√√ fl¡±1ÀÌ ◊√√ Δ √√øÂ√ Œ˚ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡≈XÀé¬SÓ¬ ¬ı≈fl≈¡Ó¬ ¬ıËp¡ ¬¬ı¶a ¬Ûø1Ò±Ú fl¡ø1 ≈XÓ¬ ø˘5 Δ √√øÂ√ º

¬ıËp¡ ¬¬ı¶a ¬Ûø1Ò±Ú fl¡1± ”ÀS ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Î¬◊¬Û±øÒ ¬ı «Ì Δ √√øÂ√ º‰¬œÚÀ√˙1 Œ¬ıÃX ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ø˝√√Î¬◊À˚˛Ú ‰¬±À„√√ ¸5˜

˙øÓ¬fl¡±Ó fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… ¬Ûø1w˜Ì fl¡1±1 ˜˚Ó¬ Ò…ˆ¬±1Ó¬1ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ¬Û1± fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ˆ¬±¯∏± ’˘¬Û ¬Û‘Ôfl¡ ¬ı≈ø˘ Î¬◊À~‡fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Î¬0 Î¬◊À¬ÛfÚ±Ô Œ·±¶§±˜œÀ˚˛ Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡Ô±fl¡ Ú±fl¡‰¬fl¡ø1 Δfl¡ÀÂ√ Œ˚- ‘The Speaeh are representedby the Kamrupia and Goalparia dialectsof western Assam constitutes the main

current of the Assamese language fol-lowing from one and of the state to theothers’º fl¡±˜1+¬ÛÓ¬ õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ ¬± ∏±ÀÓ¬ ’±ø√ ’¸˜œ˚± ¬± ∏±¸±ø √√Ó¬… 1±øÊ 1ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ √√øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ ¬± ∏±ÀÈ¬±1 ø˘ø¬ÛÀfl¡ ’±À √√±˜1Ê√± fl¡À˘ ’¸˜œ ˛± ø˘ø¬Û ø √√‰¬±À¬Û Ú±˜fl¡1Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ˆ¬±¯∏±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Œ˝√√˜ ¸1¶§Ó¬œ, ˝√√ø1¬ı1 ø¬ıõ∂ fl¡±¬ı… 1‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º¤ ◊√√ Œé¬SÓ¬ Î¬0 ¬ı±Ìœfl¡±ôL fl¡±fl¡øÓ¬ Œ˚˛ Δfl¡ÀÂ√- ‘It wasunder the patronage of Kings outside thewestern limit of modern Assam, under thepatronge of the King of Kamatapur,forteen miles south west of Coachbehar,that the earliest Assamese book werewritten’º ’Ô±«» Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı √√±11 ¬Û1± ¤fl¡‰¬ø~‰¬ ± ◊√√ √øé¬Ì¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1¬Ó¬Ô± ’±øÊ√1 Ó¬±ø1‡Ó¬ Œ·±¸±Úœ˜±ø1Ó¬ ’¸˜œ˚˛± õ∂±‰¬œÚ¢∂Lö¸˜”˝√√ 1ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º Î¬◊Mê√ ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬¬ı—˙±Ú≈SêÀ˜ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸fl¡À˘ øÚÊ√ ˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ¬Ò±1± ’±øÊ√› Ê√œ˚˛±˝◊√√1±ø‡ÀÂ√º

õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ’±ø√˜ ’øÒ¬ı±¸œ Œfl¡±‰¬[1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ] ¸fl¡À˘ õ∂Ô˜ ø˝√√μ≈ Ò˜« ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ ¸”ÀS·—·±Ú√œ1 ¬Û”ª-Ó¬œ1Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ ¬ı√ı« õ∂Ô˜ ø √√μ≈ Ê√±øÓ¬ ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ø √√μ≈ ˜±ÀÊ√ ’ôLˆ¬”Mê√fl¡1±1 Ó¬Ô… ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸±Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ± ˛º ¬Û”¬ı«ÀÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’Ú…±Ú… Œ•°‰¬ ¸fl¡˘ ’±˚…« Ó¬Ô± ø˝√√μ≈¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¸ij±Ú1 ¬Û±S Ú±øÂ√˘º Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸fl¡˘ ø˝√√μ≈¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ ’ôLˆ¬≈Mê√ Δ √√ ∏¬ ij±Ú1 ¬Û±S √√ ˛, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬ ˛± Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ıˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬ ¬ıU é≈¬^ Ê√±øÓ¬, Ê√Ú-Œ·±á¬œ ø √√μ≈ Ò « ¢∂ √√Ì fl¡ø1 Œfl¡±‰¬¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ ’ôLˆ¬”Mê√ √√ º ¤ ◊√√ Œé¬SÓ¬ ‰¬±1 ¤Î¬ª±Î«¬ Œ· ◊√√ÀÈ¬ ’¸˜¬ı≈1?œÓ¬ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√- ë’¸˜Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ ¬ı≈ø˘À˘ø˝√√μ≈¬ıÌ«1 Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ¬ı≈Ê√±˚˛ Œ˚ÀÚ- fl¡Â√±1œ, ˘±˘≈—,ø˜øfl¡1Àfl¡ ’±ø√ fl¡ø1 ø˝√√μ≈ Ò˜«Ó¬ √œøé¬Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ø¬ıøˆ¬ißÊ√ÚÀ·±á¬œfl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬ Œ¬ı±˘± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√√À1 Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘1 —‡…±ø√ÀÚ ø√ÀÚ ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ’±ÀÂ√º Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıe ’±1n∏ Œ·±ª±˘Û±1±Ó¬ øfl¡cŒfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘ ¬ı1 ij±Ú1 ¬Û±S Ú˝√√˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√ Œ¬ı±1 Í¬±˝◊√√1 Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡À˘ øÚÊ√Àfl¡ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘À˝√√ fl¡˚˛º Œ·±ª±˘¬Û±1± ’±1n∏

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Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±11 ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ø˚¸fl¡˘ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ Œ˘±fl¡ ’±ÀÂ√ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ Œ √√º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ·±1 ¬ı1Ì fl¡˘±√√À˘› ’±fl‘¡øÓ¬ —À·±˘œ˚º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ fl¡˘1

¤ÀÚ Ò±1±¬ı±ø √√fl¡ Ê√±øÓ¬ ˛ ¬Ûø1Sê˜±fl¡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ◊√√ Ú±‰¬±» fl¡ø1¬ıŒ‡±Ê√±ÀÓ¬± Î¬◊X«Ó¬±ø˘1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1 ’±Ú ¤Àfl¡± Ú˝√√ ˛º

Î¬0 ˘œ˘± ·Õ·À˚˛ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ë’¸˜1 Œ˘±fl¡-¸—¶‘®øÓí¬ Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ‡ÚÓ¬ ¤ ◊√√√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡À1 Œ˚ ø¬ıù´ø¸— √√ ◊√√Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√… õ∂øÓ¬á¬± fl¡1±1 ¬Û1±˝◊√√ Sê˜±i§À˚˛ Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸fl¡À˘øÚÊ√Àfl¡ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ ø√¬ıÕ˘ ÒÀ1º ’Ô±«» ¤˝◊√√fl¡Ô±1 ¡Z±1± õ∂˜±øÌÓ¬ Œ˚ Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡À˘ ø¬ıù´ø¸—˝√√ ’±1n∏Ú1Ú±1±˚Ì1 ≈·1 ¬Û1± øÚÊ√Àfl¡ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ø√¬ıÕ˘’±1y fl¡À1º ¤ ◊√√ ”ÀS ’ø¬ıˆ¬Mê√ Œ·±ª±˘ ¬Û±1± øÊ√˘±, Î¬◊M√√1¬ıe“, Î¬◊M√√1 ø¬ı˝√√±1, ¬Û”ª ŒÚ¬Û±˘ ’±1n∏ Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Ûø(˜ ¬ı±—˘±Œ√˙ √√ ’=˘Ó¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1± õ∂±‰¬œÚ Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡À˘ ¬ øÚÊ√Àfl¡1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ø√ ’±ø √√ÀÂ√º ’Ô±«» ø¬ıù´ø¸—˝-√√Ú1Ú±1±˚Ì1Ê√±1 ¬ı—˙ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û øÚÊ√Àfl¡ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡ ø√À˚˛ºŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬˜”˘œ˚˛ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œº ’Ô±«» Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ º

SÀ˚˛±√˙ ˙øÓ¬fl¡±Õ˘ ë¬ıÀÎ¬±í Ú±˜1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ±Ê√±øÓ¬¬ı±‰¬fl¡ ’±1n∏ ˜ø©Ü ¬ı±‰¬fl¡ s ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±˚± ˛ºŒ¬Û±ª± ±˚˛ ‰≈¬È¬œ˚˛±, fl¡Â√±1œ, ¬ı1±˝√√œ, Ú·± ’±1n∏ Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘1fl¡Ô±º Œ¬Û±ª± ± ˛ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ¶§-˙±ø¸Ó¬ 1±Ê√… Ôfl¡±1 fl¡Ô±ºõ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ¬ı≈1?œ1 Ó¬Ô… ¸˜”˝√√ ¯∏Î¬ˇ˚La ˜≈˘fl¡ ˆ¬±À¬ı’¸˜œ˚˛± ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…Ó¬Ó¬ fl¡¬ı1¶ö√√ fl¡1± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º ˚±1 ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂±fl¡’±À˝√√±˜ ˚≈· Ó¬Ô± 1228 ¬‡Ëœ–1 ’±·1 fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ø˚À¬ı±1◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸1 Ó¬Ô… √Œ¬Û±ª± ± ˛ Œ¸ ◊√√À¬ı±1 ø¬ıw±øôL ” fl¡º Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û

ø˙ª¸±·11 ø√À‡Ã ΔÚ1 ¬Ûø(˜1 ¬Û1± ¬ Ú·±›“1 fl¡˘— ΔÚ1¬Û”ª ¬Û1±Õ˘ fl¡Â√±1œ ¸fl¡˘1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬ 1±Ê√…1 Ó¬Ô… øfl¡Â≈√ È≈¬fl≈¡1±È≈¬fl≈¡1Õfl¡ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º Î¬0 ˘œ˘± ·Õ·À˚˛ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 ë’¸˜1Œ˘±fl¡ ¸—¶‘®øÓí¬ Ú±˜1 ¬Û≈øÔ‡ÚÓ¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ˜±Ú1’Ó¬…±‰¬±1Ó¬ Î¬◊Ê√øÚ ’¸˜1 Œ˘±fl¡ ¸fl¡˘ øÓ¬øá¬¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1’¸˜1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Í¬± ◊√√Ó¬ ø¸‰¬ø1Ó¬ Δ √ ¬ı¸øÓ¬ fl¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√º fl¡Â√±1œ,¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± ¸fl¡˘ Œ¸˝◊√√ ’=˘1 ’±ø√˜ ’øÒ¬ı±¸œ ¬ı±À¬ı√ Î¬◊Ê√Úœ’¸˜1 ø√À‡Ã, ø√À˜Ã, ÒÌø˙ø1 ’±ø√ Œfl¡¬ı±‡ÀÚ± ΔÚ1 Ú±˜fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı± ¬ıÀÎ¬± ” œ˚±º Î¬◊À~‡… Œ˚ ¬”È¬±Ú1 ¬Û±√À√ œ˚ ’=˘

¸˜”˝√√1 ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± Í¬±˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ Ú√-Ú√œ, ¬Û±˝√√±1 ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬ ¸˜”˝√√1Ú±˜ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˜”˘œ˚˛º Ó¬±1 ’Ô« ¤˝◊√√ÀÈ¬±Àª Œ˚õ∂±·‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ ˚≈·1 ¬Û1± ¤˝◊√√ ’=˘Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 øÚ·±Ê√œ ¬¬ı±ø¸μ±º õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¬õ∂±·ÀÊ√…±øÓ¬ ∏¬Û≈11 ¬Ûø(˜¸œ˜± Œfl¡±ø‰¬ Ú√œ1 ¬Û1± ¬Û”Àª ’±¸˜1 ≈√œ‚« ŒÒ˜±øÊ√ Δ˘Àfl¡Ôfl¡± ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Í¬±˝◊√√ ˜≈˝√√1 Ú±˜ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ”˘œ˚˛º

670 ‡Ëœ–Ó¬ fl≈¡˜±1 ¬±¶®1 ¬ı «Ì ’¬Û≈Sfl¡ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬˜‘Ó≈¬… ¬ı1Ì fl¡1±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“À1 ˆ¬±ø·1 ˘í1± ’ªøôL ¬ı˜«ÀÚfl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ø¸—˝√√±¸ÚÓ¬ ¬ıÀ˝√√º ŒÓ¬›“ ˙±˘‡≈È¬±1 ·±øÍ¬1 √À1˙±1œø1fl¡ ’±1n∏ ˜±Úø¸fl¡ ˆ¬±À¬ı ˙øMê√˙±˘œ ’±øÂ√˘ ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ŒÓ¬›“ ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“1 1±Ê√Q fl¡1± ¬ı—˙ÀÈ¬±fl¡ ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸Ó¬ ±˘ô¶y¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı—˙ÀÈ¬±Àª 670 ‡‘–1 ¬Û1± 980 ‡‘–Δ˘ fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√…1 ±¸Úfl¡Ó¬±« ’±øÂ√ º ø˚À √√Ó≈¬ ¤ ◊√√ ¬ı—˙ÀÈ¬±fl≈¡˜±1 ˆ¬±¶®1 ¬ı˜«ÌÀ1 ¬ı—˙ ’±1n∏ fl≈¡˜±1 ˆ¬±¶®1 ¬ı˜«Ì Œfl¡±‰¬¬ı—˙Ò1 Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡±1ÀÌ ˙±˘ô¶y ¬ı—˙1 1Ê√±¸fl¡À˘› Œfl¡±‰¬¬ı—˙1 1Ê√±º

Œfl¡±‰¬1Ê√± ¬Û‘Ô≈ 1± ˛1 fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√…1 ±¸Ú1 ˜ ˛√√í˘ 1200 ‡Ëœ–1 ¬Û1± 1228 ‡Ëœ–Δ˘º ŒÓ¬›“ ¤ ◊√√ õ∂±‰¬œÚ

fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ¤È¬± ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ ëÊ√ À¬Û˙í øμ1 øÚ˜±«Ì fl¡ø1∏ øÚÊ√Àfl¡Ê√ À¬Û˙1 ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬Ûø1‰¬ ˛ ø√øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ Ê√ À¬Û ∏ øμ1 ¬ıÓ«¡˜±ÚÎ¬◊M√√1 ¬ıe“1 Ê√ ¬Û± ◊√√ &ø1 øÊ√ ±1 ’ôL·«Ó¬º ŒÓ¬›“ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ Ó¬Ô±˜≈Â≈√˘˜±Ú ¸fl¡˘1 ’±Sê˜Ì1 Û1± fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 1±Ê√… 1é¬±fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ ¸œ˜±ôL ’=˘Ó¬ øÚ˜±«Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ¤È¬± ·Î¬ˇº‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ Œ¸ ◊√√ ·Î¬ˇÀÈ¬± ¬Û‘Ô≈ ·Î¬ˇ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬ı≈1?œ ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬º Œ¸ ◊√√Ê√ÀÚ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√± ¬Û‘Ô≈ ø˚Ê√ÀÚ ≈√¬ı±1Õfl¡ fl¡±˜1+¬Ûfl¡ ≈Â√˘˜±Ú˜≈Mê√ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚˛˛ ¬ı±1 ˚≈XÓ¬ ˙Sn∏1 ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ¬Û1±Ê√˚˛¬ı1Ì fl¡1±Ó¬Õfl¡ ‘Ó≈¬…Àª Œ|˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ ·ˆ¬œ1 Ê√˘±˙˚˛Ó¬ Ê√±¬Ûø√˜‘Ó≈¬… ¬ı1Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º

¬Û‘Ô≈ 1±Ê√Q ¸˜˚˛ÀÂ√±ª±Ó¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 Î¬◊M√√1¬Û”ª ’=˘Ó¬ ‰”¬Ó¬œ˚˛± ’±1n∏ Ó¬±1 √øéÌ ø√˙Ó¬ SêÀ˜ fl¡Â√±1œ,¬ı1±˝√√œ ’±1n∏ Ú·± fl¡À˘ ¶§ ±¸ÀÚÀ1 1±Ê√… ¬Û±øÓ¬ ¬¬ı±¸ fl¡ø1’±øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ 1±Ê√… Œfl¡ ◊√√‡Ú1 ¬Ûø˙‰¬˜ œ˜±ôLœ˚ ’= √√ ” √√1¬Û1± ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 ¬Ûø(˜ ø√˙1 fl¡À1±Ó¬ª± ’±1n∏∏ Œfl¡±øÂ√ Ú√œ≈√‡Ú1 ¬Û”ª õ∂±ôLœ˚˛ ’=˘ ’±1n∏ Î¬◊M√√À1 ˆ¬”È¬±Ú ¬Û±√À√˙œ˚˛’±=˘1 ¬Û1± √øé¬ÀÌ ¬ıe ¸±·1 Δ˘Àfl¡ ¬Ûø1¬ı…5√ ’±øÂ√˘

18

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘1 ¶§ ±ø¸Ó¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¬”‡G Ó¬Ô± fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… º¬Û‘Ô≈1 ˜‘Ó≈¬…1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S ¸g…±1±˚˛ øfl¡Â≈√ø√Ú1 ¬ı±À¬ı˜≈Â≈√˘˜±Ú1 fl¡1Ó¬˘œ˚˛± 1Ê√± ’±øÂ√˘˛º ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ¬Û≈Ú1˜≈Â√˘˜±Ú ˜≈Mê√ fl¡ø1 fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ¶§Ó¬La 1Ê√± ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı Œ‚±¯∏Ì±fl¡ø1 ˙±¸Ú fl¡À1º ŒÓ¬›“ ¬Û1¬ıÓ¬œ« Î¬◊M√√1 &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 ¬Û1±fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1Õ˘ ¶ö±ÚôLø1Ó¬ fl¡À1º ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚±1¬Û1± fl¡±˜1+¬Û Œ√ ‡Ú1 Ú±˜ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± ¬ı± fl¡±˜Ó¬±1±Ê√…¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√Ú±¬˚± ˛º

Î¬◊À~‡… Œ˚ 1228 ‡Ëœ– Ó¬Ô± ¬Û‘Ô≈ 1±Ê√Q fl¡±˘ÀÓ¬’±À √±√ fl¡˘ Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”ª ø·1œ ¬ÛÔÀ1 fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬õ∂À¬ı˙fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ‰”¬Ó¬œ˚˛±, fl¡Â√±1œ ’±1n∏ Ú·± ¸fl¡À˘±fl¡¬Û1±ô¶ fl¡ø1 ø˙ª¸±·11 1—¬Û≈1Ó¬ ’±À˝√±√˜ 1±Ê√…1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ¬Û±ÀÓ¬¬º Î¬◊À~‡… Œ˚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± 1±Ê√…Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√± ≈√ « ¬Ú1± ˛ÀÌ [1330 ‡Ëœ– 1350 ‡Ëœ–] ¬ı±1 ‚1 ¬ı± ≈Ì ’±1n∏ 12

‚1 fl¡± ˛¶ö ¬Ûø1 ˛±˘fl¡ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ1 1Ê√±1 ’Ú≈À1±Ò ÀÓ¬ Δ˘ ’±ø √√øÚÊ√ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬ı¸øÓ¬ ø√øÂ√˘º Œ¸ ◊√√ fl¡À˘À1 ◊√√ ¬Û1¬ıÓ¬œ« ¤Ê√Ú¤Ê√Ú Î¬◊M√√1¸≈1œ ˜˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏ ˙—fl¡1À√ªº Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ1 Ú¬ı±À¬ı 12

‚1 ¬ı± ≈Ì ’±1n∏ 12 ‚1 fl¡± ˛¶ö ¬Ûø1 ˛±˘fl¡ ¤ ◊√√ fl¡±1ÀÌ ◊√√ Œfl¡±‰¬1Ê√± ≈√˘ˆ¬« Ú±1±˚˛Ìfl¡ ø√øÂ√˘ Œ˚ Œ¸˝◊√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¸˜¢∂ Î¬◊M√√1,˜Ò… ’±1n∏ √øé¬Ì ¬±1Ó¬ ≈Â√ ˜±Ú fl¡˘1 ±¸Ú±ÒœÕ˘ Δ √√øÂ√ º˚±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø˝√√μ≈ Ò˜«, Ê√±øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ Ê√œªÚ1 øÚ1¬Û±M√√± øÚø(Ó¬Ú±øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝◊√√ ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ1 Ú¬ı±ª1 ’Ú≈À1±Ò ˜À˜« Œfl¡±‰¬1Ê√± ≈√ ˆ¬« Ú±1± ˛ÀÌ —fl¡1 Œ√ª1 ¬Û”¬ı√ı« ¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ Ó¬Ô± ¬ı±1 ¬”¤û±¸fl¡˘fl¡ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬ı¸øÓ¬ ø√øÂ√˘º Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√±’Ú≈¢∂˝√√Ó¬¬ øÔÓ¬±ø¬Û Œ˘±ª± ¬ı±1 ˆ¬”¤û± ¸fl¡˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡˝◊√√ºŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡fl¡ Δ˘ ’¸˜Ó¬ Î¬◊2‰«¬ ¬ıÌ«1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ¸fl¡À˘ ¬ı±1ˆ¬”ˇ¤û± ¸fl¡˘1 1±Ê√… Ôfl¡± ¬ı≈ø˘ ø˜‰¬± Ï¬±fl¡ -ŒÏ¬±˘ ¬ıÊ√±˝◊√√Œfl¡±‰¬ Ê√±øÓ¬1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√…, fl‘¡ø©Ü-∏ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, ˆ¬±¯∏±, ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ’±1n∏◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸ fl¡¬ı1¶ö fl¡1±1 Ê√ ˛ÀÏ¬±˘ ¬ıÊ√± ◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√º

¸g…±1±À˚˛ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ1 ’±Sê˜Ì õ∂øÓ¬˝√√Ó¬ fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ıfl¡±˜1+¬Û1 √øé¬Ì ¬Ûø(˜ Ó¬Ô± fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1 ’±=˘Ó¬ ¬ı…ô¶Ôfl¡±1 ¬ı±À¬ı fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 √øé¬Ì ¬Û”ª ’=˘Ó¬ 1±Ê√… ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡1±

’±À˝±√√ fl¡˘1 ø¬ı1n∏ÀX ÀÚ±Ê√· ø√¬ı¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√ º Œ¸ ◊√√ ˜˚1¬Û1± Sê˜±i§À˚˛ ’±À˝√±√˜ ¸fl¡˘ ¬Ûø(˜ ø√˙1 Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡±˜Ó¬±1±Ê√…1 ¬Û”ª ’—˙ •x¸±1Ú fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡À1º õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬fl¡±˜1+¬Û- fl¡±˜Ó¬± ’=˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡˘1 Œ √√ ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬”ø˜ ’±øÂ√ º

1498 ‡Ëœ–1 Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ Ú¬ı±¬ı UÀÂ√Ú Â√±˝√√1 fl≈¡-’øˆ¬¸øμÓ¬ fl¡±˜1+¬Û fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 1Ê√± Úœ˘±•§1 1±˚˛ ¬ıμœ ˝√√˚˛’±1n∏ fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… ¬Û≈Ú1 ˜≈Â√˘˜±Ú1 ’ÒœÚ¶ö ˝√√˚˛º Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇÚ¬ı±¬ı UÀÂ√Ú Â√±À √√ &ª± √√±È¬œ1 √√±ÀÊ√±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S Î¬√±øÚÀ˚˘fl¡fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 1Ê√± ¬Û±øÓ¬ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇÀ√˙Õ˘ Î¬◊˘øÈ¬ ˚±˚˛º’±À˝√√±˜ fl¡˘1 ·Ó¬ ‰≈¬È¬œ˚˛± fl¡˘1 •Ûfl«¡ ¬±˘ Ú±øÂ√˘ºfl¡±1Ì ’±À˝√√±˜ fl¡À˘ ‰≈¬È¬œ˚˛± 1±Ê√… Ò√ı—˙ fl¡ø1 ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡11±Ê√… ‡G ’±À˝√√±˜ ¸fl¡À˘ √‡˘ fl¡À1º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ ¬Ûø(˜1Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸fl¡˘1 ˘·Ó¬ ‰≈¬È¬œ˚˛± ¸fl¡˘1 ¸•Ûfl«¡ ˜Ò≈1 ’±øÂ√˘ º

1198 ‡Ëœ–Ó¬ ¬ı‡øÓ¬ ±1 ø‡ø˘Ê√œ1 fl¡±˜1+¬ÛÓ¬ õ∂Àª˙fl¡1±1 ¬Û1± ’±1y fl¡ø1 Úœ˘±•§1 1Ê√±Õ˘Àfl¡ Œfl¡¬ı± ¬ı±À1±≈Â√ ˜±Ú1 ’±Sê˜Ì fl¡±˜1+¬ÛÓ¬ Δ √√øÂ√ º UÀÂ√Ú Â√± √√1 ’±Sê˜ÌÓ¬

fl¡±˜1+¬Û ø¬ı¬ıÒô¶ Œ √√±ª±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ø‰¬fl¡Ú±Á¡±11 √√±ø1˚± ˜G˘1¬Û≈S ø¬ıù´ ø¸— √√ ◊√√ 1498 ‡Ëœ–Ó¬ ¬”È¬œ˚±, ‰≈¬È¬œ˚± ’±1n∏ Œfl¡±‰¬ Δ¸Ú…˘·Ó¬ Δ˘ UÀÂ√Ú Â√± √√1 ¬Û≈S Î¬√±øÚÀ˚˘1 ø¬ı1nÀX ≈X fl¡À1º ¬ı±ø1 ∏±fl¡±˘Ó¬ Œ √√±ª± ˆ¬Mê√ ≈XÓ¬ ø¬ıù´ ø¸— √√ ◊√√ øÚÊ√ √√±ÀÓ¬ Î¬±øÚÀ˚˘1ø˙1À26√√ fl¡ø1 √√Ó¬…± fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ˜¢∂ fl¡˜±1+¬Û fl¡±˜Ó¬± ’=˘≈Â√ ˜±Ú ≈Mê√ fl¡À1º Î¬◊À~‡… Œ˚ ¬Û±˘¬ı—˙ ◊√√ fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√…

˙±¸Ú fl¡1±1 ¸˜˚Ó¬ ˜G˘ õ∂Ô± õ∂ªÓ«¬Ú fl¡ø1øÂ√ º Œ¸ ◊√√ ”ÀS¤Àfl¡± ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ˆ¬”-‡G ’±1n∏ Î¬◊Mê√ ˆ¬”‡GÓ¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1±õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡˘fl¡ Œ‰¬±ª±-ø‰¬Ó¬± fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı √√±ø1˚ G˘ ø‰¬fl¡Ú±Á¡±1’=˘Ó¬¬˜G˘ ø √√‰¬±À¬Û fl¡± « øÚ¬ı±« √√ fl¡ø1øÂ√ º

ø¬ıù´ø¸— √√ ◊√√ ¬ıœ1QÀ1 ≈Â√ ˜±Ú øMê√ fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ¬Û1±¬Û≈Ú1 ˜≈Mê√ fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¸˜¢∂ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± ’=˘1Ê√Ú¸±Ò±1Ì ’±1n∏ ¬ˆ¬”¤û± fl¡À˘ ø¬ıù´ ø¸— √√fl¡ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬±11Ê√± ¬ı≈ø˘ ˜±øÚ ˘˚˛º ŒÓ¬›“ ¬õ∂øÓ¬á¬± fl¡1± 1±Ê√…‡Ú1 Ú±˜¬ı≈1?œÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√… ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ‡…±Ó¬º ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ 1±Ê√…‡Úfl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… ’±øÂ√˘º

¬ı≈ÀXù´1 1± ˛ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ —¶ö±1 ˆ¬±¬ÛøÓ¬º

19

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õ∂±‰¬œÚ ·‘˝√√ˆ¬”ø˜1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬

Ê√œªÚ ¬ı˜«Ú

ø¬ıù´ √√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚ ø√ª¸ õ∂øÓ¬ ¬ıÂ√À1 1Ê√±‚À1õ∂Ê√±‚À1 Ê√±fl¡Ê√ fl¡±Ó¬±À1 ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡ø1 ’±ø √√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ±ÚªÊ√±øÓ¬1 ø¬ıù´Ó¬ ’øô¶Q Ôfl¡±Õ˘Àfl¡ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ø√ª¸Î¬◊ƒ√˚±ø¬ÛÓ¬ Δ˝√√À ˛ Ô±øfl¡¬ıº Ó¬±Ó¬ ’±˜±1 ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ fl¡¬ı˘·œ ˛±’±ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’±ø˜ Ú±ˆ¬±À¬ı“±º øfl¡c Œfl¡±‰¬1 õ∂øÓ¬ ’±˚« ’±1n∏’±˚«…¬ÛLöœ ¬ÛøGÓ¬¸fl¡À˘ Ê√±ø¬Û ø√˚˛± ’¬Û¬ı±√ Œfl¡±‰¬Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬±Àª øfl¡˜±Ú ø√ÚÕ˘ ¬ı˝√√Ú fl¡ø1 Δ˘ Ô±øfl¡¬ı ˘±ø·¬ı,¤˚˛± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ ¤fl¡ Ê√øÈ¬˘ õ∂ùü !

ø¬ıù´1 ’±ø√Ó¬˜ ¢∂Lö Ÿ¬·À¬ı√Ó¬ fl≈¡ª±‰¬1 Î¬◊À~‡’±ÀÂ√º Ÿ¬·À¬ı√1 Ê√ij¶ö±Ú Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Ûø(˜ ’±Ùƒ¬·±øÚô¶±ÚŒ¬ı ≈ø‰¬ô¶±Ú1 ¬Û1± ¬Û”ªÓ¬ ·—·±-˚ ≈Ú±1 —·˜¶ö º Œ‰¬±M√√fl¡Chatterjee, S.K. ODBI, 1990 Vol, 39)º

’±Ú ¤fl¡±—˙ õ∂P›Qø¬ı√1 ø˘ø‡Ó¬ õ∂¬ıg-¸—fl¡˘Ú Œˆ¬ÃÀ·±ø˘fl¡ Ó¬Ô…¸ ” √√1 ø˚ ø¬ıÀù≠ ∏Ì Œ¬Û±ª± Δ·ÀÂ√Ó¬±1 ¡Z±1± ø˚ ’=˘1 ¸œ˜±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ Ÿ¬·À¬ı√1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß

≈Mê√ ” √√ ¤¸˜˚Ó¬ ø˘‡± Δ √√øÂ√ Œ¸ ◊√√ ’=˘ÀÈ¬± √√í˘ Î¬◊M√√1-¬Û”¬ı« ¬Û±?±¬ıº øfl¡Â√≈ —‡…fl¡ ¬ÛøGÀÓ¬ ’±Àfl¡Ã Ÿ¬·ƒÀ¬ı√1 1‰¬Ú±1’±1n∏ ¤øÈ¬ ¸≈øÚø«√©Ü ¶ö±Ú øÚÀ√«˙ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Œ¸˝◊√√ÀÈ¬± ˝√√í˘¬Û±?±ª1 ’±•§±˘± øÊ√˘±º [ Œfl¡±fl¡± ’±ÀôL±Úˆ¬±, ø|À·±ø1Œ¬ı±Ú·±«√, Œ˘øˆ¬Ú, ø|À·±ø1, fl¡ÀÓ¬±ˆ¬ƒø¶®1 ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«1˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸, ¬Û‘á¬± 42]

õ∂±‰¬œÚ ˆ¬±1Ó¬1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¢∂LöÓ¬ 16 È¬± Ê√Ú¬Û√’±øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ 16 È¬± Ê√Ú¬Û√1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬

¤È¬± fl¡À•§±Ê√ Ê√Ú¬Û√º fl¡À•§±Ê√ Œfl¡±‰¬1 —¶‘®Ó¬ 1+¬Û (S.K.Chatterjee-ibid: 113; Úœ √√±1 1?Ú 1± ˛-¬ı±„√√±˘œ1˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸, 1980 ’±ø√ ‡G– 54, 1À˜˙ ‰¬f ˜Ê≈√˜√±1,¬ı±—˘±À√˙1 ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸, õ∂±‰¬œÚ ˚≈·, 1988Â√75] ’Ô«±»õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ fl¡À•§±Ê√ [Œfl¡±‰¬] Ú±˜1 Œ√ ¬ı± Ê√Ú¬Û√ ¤È¬±ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ ’±øÂ√˘º fl¡À•§±Ê√ Œ√˙1 Î¬◊À~‡ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¢∂LöÓ¬Œ¬Û±ª±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ≈√ ◊√√ √√±fl¡±¬ı… 1±˜± ˛Ì ’±1n∏ √√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬ÀÓ¬±Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√º √√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬ ø¡Zø¢´Ê√ 1 ¬ı±À¬ı Î¬◊M√√1Õ˘ Œ˚±ª±’Ê≈√«ÀÚ √1√1 ˘·√Ó¬ fl¡À•§±Ê√ Œ√˙ Ê√˚˛ fl¡À1º 1±˜±˚˛Ì1øfl¡ø©®g± fl¡±GÓ¬ œÓ¬±1 ’Ài§¯∏Ì1 ¬ı±À¬ı Î¬◊M√√1Õ˘ ¬ÛÀÍ¬±ª±˙G¬ıø˘fl¡ ≈¢∂œÀ¬ı± ’Ú…±Ú… Œ√ 1 ·ÀÓ¬ fl¡±À•§±Ê√ Œ√ Ó¬¸œÓ¬±fl¡ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1¬ıÕ˘ fl¡˚˛º Œ˚ÀÚ ñ ëfl¡À•§±Ê√ ˚ªÚ±—Δù´ª˙fl¡Ú±— ¬ÛM√√Ú±øÚ ‰¬í [1±˜±˚˛Ì 43˚12]º Œ¸À˚˛ø¬ı√…±Ô«œÀ√Àª ’±Ù¬·±øÚô¶±Ú1 ¬ı±√±fl¡‰¬±Ú ’±1n∏ ¬Û±‡œ1’=À˘ ◊√√ fl¡À•§±Ê√ Œ√ ’±øÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬±À¬ıº (Vidyarthi,H.L. Indias's culture through the Ages,1970:20)

‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ 1À˜˙ ‰¬f Ê≈√ √±1 Œ√ª1 ÀÓ¬ Úªõ∂ô¶1 ≈·1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ [‡‘– ¬Û”– 9000 ¬ıÂ√1] ¬ı—À·±¬Ûœ ˛ fl¡˘ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ ’±øÂ√˘ (Hajumdar, R.C. An Ad-vanced History of India 2001:13-14) ºÎ¬◊M√√1-¬Ûø(˜ ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√√ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1¬ı±ø˝√√À1 ’±Ú —À·±˘œ˚˛ Œ·±È¬ Ôfl¡±1 õ∂˜±Ì Ú±˝◊√√º

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¬ÛøGÓ¬, ˆ¬±¯∏±ø¬ı√¸fl¡˘1 ’øˆ¬˜Ó¬ Œ˚ Œfl¡±‰¬˙s1 ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ 1+¬Û fl≈¡ª±‰¬, fl¡ª¯∏ [fl¡ª‰¬] fl¡À•§±Ê√, ¬Û±øÚ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ Δ √√ÀÂ√º ¤ ◊√√ Ú±˜À¬ı±11 Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ø˜ Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ±ø √√Ó¬…Ó¬

ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 ¬Û±“›º Ÿ¬·À¬ı√Ó¬ fl≈¡ª±‰¬, fl¡ª‰¬ ’±1n∏ ¬Û±øÌ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1Œ¬Û±ª±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ±˜À¬ı√1 ¬ı—˙ ¬ıË±p¡ÌÓ¬ fl¡À•§±Ê√1 Î¬◊À~‡’±ÀÂ√º

’±ø˜ ø˚√À1 ø¬ı·Ó¬ 6˚7 Œ˝√√Ê√±1 ¬ıÂ√1 ’±·1¬Û1± Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘ ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ Ôfl¡±1 õ∂˜±Ì ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 ¬Û±›“,Œ˜‰¬, fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı± ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±¸fl¡˘ ”√1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬Ó¬ Ôfl¡±1 õ∂˜±ÌŒ¬Û±ª± Ú±˚± ˛º fl¡±1Ì, ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Î¬◊À~‡ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± õ∂±‰¬œÚ¢∂LöÓ¬ Ú± ◊√√º ¬ı±Ú·Ï¬ˇ ô¶y øÚø¬ÛÓ¬ fl¡À•§±Ê√ Î¬◊À~‡ Ôfl¡±1 √À1Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ô¶y ¬ı± ø˙˘± ø˘ø¬ÛÓ¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛±Õ˘ Œ˜‰¬, fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı±¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± Ú±˜ Œ¬Û± √√1Õ˘ ’ √√± Ú± ◊√√º

Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ1 ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ø¬ı√ ’ø•§fl¡±‰¬1Ì Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ Œ√Àª Œfl¡±‰¬ Ê√±øÓ¬fl¡ ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± ”˘œ˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ ø˘ø‡ΔÔ Δ·ÀÂ√º ’ø•§fl¡± ‰¬1Ì Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ Œ√ª1 ¤˝◊√√ ôL¬ı… Œfl¡ª˘’¸Ó¬…˝◊√√ Ú˝√√˚˛, ’¸yÀª±, øfl¡˚˛ÀÚ± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ‡‘©Ü¬Û”¬ı«7500 ¬Û1± ‡‘©Ü¬Û”¬ı« 3000 ¬ıÂ√1 ’±·Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬Ô±øfl¡¬ı ±ø·¬ıº fl¡±1Ì Œ√˙œ ø¬ıÀ√˙œ ¬ÛøGÓ¬ fl¡˘1 ÀÓ¬Ÿ¬·À¬ı√1 1‰¬Ú± Œ¸˝◊√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º ¸“‰¬± fl¡Ô± ¤À˚˛ Œ˚ø˚˜±Ú ’Ó¬œÓ¬Ó¬ ”√11 fl¡Ô± ¬ıËp¡Õ¬ıªM«√√ ¬Û≈1±Ì1 ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬±¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı± Œ˜‰¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ê√ÚÀ·±È¬ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 Œ¬Û±ª±Ú±˚±˚˛, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± øfl¡c Œfl¡±‰¬ Ê√±øÓ¬fl¡ Ú±—¸À26√ø√1 ·ˆ¬«Ó¬Ó¬œ¬ı11 fi1¸∏√ Ê√ij± ¬ı≈ø˘ Δfl¡ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ Ó¬Ô…˝◊√√ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1’ø•§fl¡± ‰¬1Ì Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ1 ’øˆ¬˜Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ Ê√±øÓ¬ ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±˜”˘œ˚˛fl¡Ô± ∏±1 ’¸yª ’±1n∏ ’¸Ó¬…º fl¡±1Ì ø˚ÀÈ¬± ¬ıd1 ’øô¶Q ◊√√Ú± ◊√√ Ó¬±1 ¬Û1± ¤Àfl¡± ÚÓ≈¬Ú ‘ø©Ü √√í¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1º

¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±¸fl¡˘1 ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±À¸ ¤ ◊√√ Ó¬… fl¡Ô±ÀÈ¬±Àfl¡ fl¡ ˛Back to original identity :– TheKacharis, Who are known as theBodos, are one of the oldest inhabit-ants of Assam. Many historians claimthat in olden days Bodos were livingin Mongolia and Siberia, Between

3000-2500 B.C. They migrated fromthere and lived in the Bod country. TheBod Country is said to have existedbetween Nepal and Tibat. The inhab-itants of Bod country were called asBodo Ficha, Bodocha or Bodosa. Lateron, They migrated towards Northeast-ern Part of India and Sattled on thebanks of river "Bullungbuttur", nowknown as the Brahmaputra.

’Ô«±» ‡‘©Ü¬Û”¬ı« 3000-2500 1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±¸fl¡˘ —À·±˘œ˚˛± ’±1n∏ ‰¬±˝◊√√À¬ıø1˚˛±1 ¬Û1± õ∂¬ıËÊ√ÚÓ¬’±ø √√øÂ√ Œ¬ı±Îƒ¬ Œ√ Õ˘º ¤ ◊√√À¬ı±Îƒ¬ Œ√ 1 ’ª¶ö±Ú ŒÚ¬Û±˘’±1n∏ øÓ¬¬ı3Ó¬1 Ò…¶ö Ó¬º Ó¬±1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ ¬Û≈Ú1 õ∂¬ıËÊ√ÚÓ¬ ’±ø √√¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±Ó¬ øÔÓ¬±ø¬Û Δ˘ 1086 ‡‘©Ü±sÓ¬ øÎ¬˜±¬Û≈1Ó¬1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1 450 ¬ıÂ√1 øÎ¬˜±¬Û≈11 ¬Û1±˝◊√√ ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±fl¡±Â√±1œ¸fl¡À˘ 1±Ê√Q fl¡1±1 õ∂˜±Ì ø√À˚˛ ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±À¸º

1536 ‡‘©Ü±sÓ¬ ’±À˝√√±˜¸fl¡À˘ fl¡Â√±1œ 1±Ê√…Ò√ı—˙ fl¡1±Ó¬ fl¡Â√±1œ¸fl¡˘ ŒÂ√À√ø˘ Œˆ¬À√ø˘ Δ √√ Ú±˜øÚ Δ˘ˆ¬øÓ¬ ˛± ◊√√ ’±ø √√ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ’±| ˛ ¢∂ √√Ì fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ±Ú1’±Sê˜Ì1 ˜ ˛ÀÓ¬± fl¡Â√±1œ ¬ı± ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±¸fl¡˘ ·‘ √√ √√œÚ Δ √√ ’Ó¬Ó¬Ó¬ ¬Û˘±¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı±Ò…Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1º

›¬Û1Ó¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± ‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ Ó¬Ô…˝◊√√ õ∂˜±Ìfl¡À1 Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘ Œ˚øÓ¬˚± ‡‘©Ü¬Û”¬ı« 7500Ó¬ ¬±1Ó¬1 ¬ı±ø¸μ±ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±¸fl¡˘ ¬±1Ó¬1ÀÓ¬± ”√11 fl¡Ô± ŒÚ¬Û±˘ ’±1n∏øÓ¬¬ı3«Ó¬1 Ò…¶ö Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ Œ¬ı±Îƒ¬ Œ√ Õ˘À ˛ —À·±˘œ ˛±1¬Û1± õ∂¬ıËÊ√ÚÓ¬ Δ· Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±øÂ√˘º

◊√√À ˛ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1 ’ø•§fl¡± ‰¬1Ì Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ1 ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±¸’±R‚±Ó¬œ ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸º ±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ øˆ¬øM√√ Ú± ◊√√º¤À‡Ó¬ fl¡À˘ ’±øÂ√ ”1ôL Ê√± √√±Ê√1 ’: Ú±ø¬ıfl¡º Œ¸À ˛’±øÊ√ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ŒÚÓ¬±¸fl¡˘ ø√·ƒw±ôL ‰¬1±˝◊√√1 √À1ø¬ı˙±˘ 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ’±fl¡±˙Ó¬ Î¬◊ø1 Î¬◊ø1 flv¡±ôL Δ˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º·ôL¬ı…¶ö±Ú Œfl¡øÓ¬ ˛± ±ÀÚ ¬Û±¬ıÕ· ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ øÚÀÊ√ ◊√√ fl¡í¬ıŒÚ±ª±1± Δ √√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º

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Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘1 õ∂Ô˜ Î¬◊À~‡ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛ ø¬ıù´1’±ø√˜ ¢∂Lö Ÿ¬·ƒÀ¬ı√Ó¬º Ÿ¬·ƒÀ¬ı√1 1-174-7 ˚≈Mê√Ó¬Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ ëfl≈¡ª±‰¬í ¬ı≈ø˘ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± ’±ÀÂ√º ëfl≈¡í1 ’Ô«ëŒ¬ı ˛±í ’±1n∏ ë¬ı±‰¬í ¬ı± ë¬ı‰¬í1 ’Ô« ë˜±Ó¬í ¬ı± ëfl¡Ô±íº ·øÓ¬Àfl¡˙sÀÈ¬±1 ¬Û”Ì« ’Ô« √√ ˛ Œ¬ı ˛± ¬± ∏± ¬ı± ’¬ı≈Ê√ ¬± ∏± fl¡›“Ó¬±ºˆ¬±¯∏±‰¬±˚«… ≈ÚœøÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±Ê«√œÀ˚˛ fl≈¡ª±‰¬ s1 ◊√√—1±Ê√œ’Ú≈¬ı±√ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ "Evil speakaer or badspeaker"

øfl¡c ’± «…¸fl¡À˘ Œfl¡±‰¬fl¡ fl≈¡ª±‰¬ ¬ı± ’¬ı≈Ê√ ¬± ∏œ¬ı≈ø˘ Δfl¡À˚˛ é¬±ôL Ôfl¡± Ú±˝◊√√º ’±˚«… ¬Û≈1±Ìfl¡±1¸fl¡À˘ ¬ÛΩ¬Û≈1±ÌÓ¬ Δfl¡ÀÂ√ ñ

¸¬ı3«ˆ¬é¬ 1±Ó¬ ≈Ò± Œ•°26√ Œ·±-¬ıË±p¡Ì ‚±È¬fl¡–fl≈¡ª±‰¬fl¡– ¬ÛÀ1 Œ•°26√ ¤ÀÓ¬fl≈¡Ó¬ Œ˚±Ú± ˛ ,ŒÓ¬ ∏±˜ Δ¬Û˙±ø‰¬øfl¡ ¬± ∏±, Œ˘±fl¡±‰¬±1 Ú ø¬ı√…ÀÓ¬º’Ô«±» ¬ı¬ı«1 Œ•°26√ fl¡À˘ ¬ı±‰¬ø¬ı‰¬±1 ŒÚ±À √√±ª±Õfl¡

¸fl¡À˘± ‡±˚˛º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ’fl“¡1±, Œ·±-¬ıË±p¡Ì ¬ıÒfl¡±1œºŒ¸À ˛ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ¬ı¬ı«1 fl≈¡ª±‰¬ Œ•°26√º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬1¬ı±ø¸μ±º ≈√À¬ı«±Ò ø¬Û˙±‰¬œ ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ fl¡Ô± ¬ı±Ó«¬± ’±√±Ú õ∂√±Úfl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ò1Ì1 ¸±˜±øÊ√fl¡ ø¬ıøÒø¬ıÒ±Ú Ú± ◊√√º

˝◊√√À˚˛ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1 ’±˚«…¸fl¡˘1 Œfl¡±‰¬ ˙s1Î¬◊2‰¬±1Ì1 ø¬ıw±È¬1 ¬ı±À¬ı fl≈¡ª±‰¬ Œ˝√√±ª± Ú±˝◊√√, fl≈¡ª±‰¬ ˙s’¬Û¬ı±√1 ’¶a ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡1± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛Ó¬ˆ¬±¯∏±‰¬±˚«… ¸≈ÚœøÓ¬ fl≈¡˜±1 Œ‰¬È¬±Ê«√œ Œ√Àª1 ’øˆ¬˜Ó¬¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 – Another Sanskritised from ofthe name, Kocha viz Kuvachaka (Thisof course gives good sense as "Evilspeakers" or " Bad Speakers" insanskrit), is found in padma purana,where certain disparaging statementsabout this people are made, showinghow they were held in disrepute bythe orthodex Brahmins.'

˝◊√√26√±fl‘¡Ó¬ˆ¬±Àª ¬ıÀÚ±ª± Ó¬Ô… ¬ı± ’¸Ó¬…1 ’±|˚˛Δ˘ √√À˘› Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ Œ √√…±˚ õ∂øÓ¬¬Ûiß fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’ √√1 √√Œ‰¬©Ü± ‰¬˘±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ¬ÛΩ¬Û≈1±Ì1 Œù≠±fl¡Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ Œ·±-¬ıË±p¡Ì ˝√√Ó¬…±fl¡±1œ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’±‡…± ø√ÀÂ√º ’±˚«¸fl¡˘ Œfl¡±‰¬1˙Sn∏¬ı±À¬ı ¬ı±˜≈Úfl¡ ¬ıÒ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1, øfl¡c Œ·±˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡1±fl¡Ô±¯∏±1 ¸•Û”Ì« ’¸Ó¬…º fl¡±1Ì Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡À˘ Œ·±˝√√Ó¬…±fl¡1±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± õ∂˜±Ì Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±˚±˚˛, ¬ı1= ›À˘±È¬±˝◊√√ Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡À˘À √√ fl¡í¬ı ¬Û±À1º ’± «…¸fl¡À˘À √√ Œ·± √√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1øÂ√ ºfl¡±1Ì Œ·±˜±—¸ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Œ√ªÓ¬±1øõ∂˚˛ ‡±√… ’±øÂ√˘º

Ó¬˘Ó¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± Ÿ¬·À¬ı√1 Î¬◊øMê√ÀÈ¬± ‰¬±›“fl¡Î¬◊Ùƒ¬ÀÚ± ø˝√√ Œ˚ ¬Û=√˙ ±fl¡— ¬Û‰¬±øôL ø¬ı—˙øÓ¬ ƒºÎ¬◊· √√ ø˜ ¬Ûœ1 ◊√√≈√ ¬± fl≈¡Ù¬œ ¬Û‘ÌøôL Œ˜ ø¬ı¶ú¶úø√La

Î¬◊M√√1– ºº Ÿ¬– Œ¬ı– 10-86-14]

›¬Û1Ó¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1± ¬ı±fl¡… ≈√˙±1œ1 ’Ô« ˝√√í˘¤ÀÚfl≈¡ª± Œ˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı 15 È¬± ¬ı± 20 È¬± ¬ı‘¯∏ ¬Û±fl¡ fl¡1±, ˜˝◊√√‡±˝◊√√ ˙1œ11 ¶ö≥˘Ó¬± ¬ı‘øX fl¡ø1˜º Œ˜±1 Î¬◊√1 ¬Û”Ì« fl¡ø1˜º˝◊√√f ¸¬ı«À|á¬º õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…› ’±˚«¸fl¡À˘ Œ·±˜±—˙ˆ¬é¬Ì fl¡1±1 ¬ıU ‘√©Ü±ôL ’±ÀÂ√º √√±È¬±Ú ‰¬± √√±¬ı1 ÀÓ¬ ’Ú±é¬1õ∂øÓ¬¬ı±√1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’Ô¬ı« Œ¬ı√1 ø√Ú1 ¬Û1±À˝√√ ’±˚«…¸fl¡À˘Œ·±˜±—¸ ¬é¬Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¤À1º

¤˝◊√√ ¸—Sê±ôLÓ¬ UÈ¬±Ú ‰¬±˝√√±¬ı1 ’øˆ¬˜Ó¬ÀÈ¬± ˝√√í˘¤ÀÚfl≈¡ª± ñ "The first Prohibition of cowkilling seems to be found in the com-paratively late Atharva veda, althougha fit offering for Mitra and Varuna,should not be so sacrificed, becausesuch sacrifice is opposed to public feel-ing a clear indication of the contrastbetween the religion of the socially su-perior Aryan in vaders and the cattlecherising inhabitants who formed thebuck of the population."

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õ∂±‰¬œÚ ˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬ Œ·±øõ∂˚˛ Ê√±øÓ¬ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ’±ø˜Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±›“ Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ¬Û±øÚ Ú±˜1 √¸≈… Ê√±øÓ¬fl¡, ø˚ ¬Û±øÚÊ√±øÓ¬À˚ ¬Û1¬ıM«√√œ fl¡±˘Ó¬ ¬Û±øÚ Œfl¡±‰¬ Ú±À˜ ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ √√ ¬ÛÀ1º·1n∏fl¡ Δ˘À˚˛ ’±˚«… ’±1n∏ ¬Û±øÚ1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¸—‚±Ó¬ ¸—‚¯∏«√œ‚« ø√ÚÕ˘ ‰¬À˘º

Ÿ¬·À¬ı√1 √˙˜ G˘1 ¤˙ ’±Í¬ —‡…fl¡ ≈Mê√Ó¬¸1˜± ’±1n∏ ¬Û±øÚ1 —˘±¬Û ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡1± ’±ÀÂ√º ¬Û±øÚ fl¡À˘˝◊√√f1 ¬·±˝◊√√ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ’¬Û˝√√1Ì fl¡ø1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ”1ªM«√√œ Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬˘≈fl≈¡ª±˝◊√√ 1±ø‡øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝◊√√ &5Í¬±˝◊√√ÀÎ¬±‡1 ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬’±øÂ√˘º Ÿ¬ø¯∏¸fl¡˘1 Œ¸˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√ÀÎ¬±‡1 ’:±Ó¬ ’±øÂ√˘º¤fl¡˜±S ¬ı‘˝√√¶ÛøÓ¬, Œ·±˜ ’±1n∏ Œ˜Ò±¬ıœ Ú±˜1 Ÿ¬ø¯∏¸fl¡À˘¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡˘1 &5¶ö±ÚÀÎ¬±‡1 Ê√±øÚøÂ√˘º Œ√ª1±Ê√ ˝◊√√f˝◊√√¸1˜±fl¡ ”√Ó¬ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û √±ø˚˛Q ø√ ·±˝◊√√ø¬ı˘±fl¡1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬¬ÛøÍ¬˚˛±À˘º ¸1˜±˝◊√√ ¬ıU”√1 ¶ö±Ú ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1 1¸± Ú√œ¬Û±1 Δ˝√√ ·±˝◊√√1 Œ˝√√À•§˘øÚ qøÚ¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±À˘º ¬Û±ø˘ ¸fl¡À˘¶Û©Üˆ¬±Àª ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘ Œ˚ ¸1˜± ˝◊√√f1 ≈√Ó¬œº ¸1˜±˝◊√√·± ◊√√ø¬ı˘±fl¡fl¡ ‚”1± ◊√√ ø√¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡˘fl¡ fl¡À˘º ¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡À˘¸1˜±1fl¡Ô± õ∂ÔÀ˜ Î¬◊¬Û √√±¸ fl¡ø1 Î¬◊1± ◊√√ ø√À˘º ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡À˘¸1˜±Ó¬ Ó¬±Ó¬ ¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡˘1 ˆ¬¢üœ1+À¬Û ’ª¶ö±Ú fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘fl¡À˘, ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡˘1 Î¬◊ÀV˙… ’±øÂ√˘ ¸1˜± ˚±ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√f1›‰¬1Õ˘ ’±Àfl¡Ã ‚≈ø1 ±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1º 1˜±fl¡ ¬≈ ±¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ Ú±Ú± õ∂À˘±ˆ¬Ú Œ√‡≈ª± ◊√√ fl¡í¬ıÕ˘ Òø1À˘,ëŒ˝√√ 1˜±, øfl¡ fl¡±˜1 ¬ı±À¬ı Ó≈¬ø˜ ¤˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√Õ˘ ’±ø˝√√Â√±∑ ¤˝◊√√Í¬± ◊√√ Œ˚ ’Ó¬…ôL ”√1Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬º ¤ ◊√√ Í¬± ◊√√Õ˘ ø˚ ¤¬ı±1 ’±À √√ŒÓ¬›“ ¬Û≈Ú1 ‚≈ø1 ±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1º ¤ ◊√√ ·ˆ¬œ1 1±øÓ¬ ¤ ◊√√ ·ˆ¬œ1Ú√œ øfl¡√À1 ¬’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1˘±∑ ’±˜±1 ˝◊√√˚˛±Ó¬ Ó≈¬ø˜ øfl¡c◊√√2‰¬± fl¡1±∑ 1˜± ◊√√ ŒÓ¬›“1 ’±·˜Ú1 Î¬◊ÀV˙… ¬ı…Mê√ fl¡1±1

˘·ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√f1 ¬ı˘ø¬ıSê˜1 fl¡Ô±› ŒÓ¬›“ ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡ø1À˘,¸1˜± ◊√√ Ê√Ú± ◊√√ ø√À˘ Œ˚ ◊√√f ◊√√ ¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡˘fl¡ ¬Û1±ô¶ fl¡ø1¬ıº¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡À˘ fl¡íÀ˘, ë’±˜±1 ·± ◊√√-Œ‚“±1± õ∂ˆ¬‘øÓ¬ Ú±Ú± ‹ù´ «’±ÀÂ√, ’±˜±1 øÚ¬ı±¸¶ö±Ú ≈√·« ¬Û¬ı«ÀÓ¬ Œ‚ø1 1±ø‡ÀÂ√º ◊√√f ◊√√’±˜±1 ¤Àfl¡± fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1º ë¸1˜± ◊√√í ¬Û±ø˘¸fl¡˘1 fl¡Ô±Ó¬õ∂À˘±øˆ¬Ó¬ ¬ı± ˆ¬œÓ¬ ÚÕ˝√√ ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡˘1 ‰¬Sê±ôL˜”˘fl¡ ˆ¬±˝◊√√-

ˆ¬Úœ1 •§g1 õ∂ô¶±ª ’¢∂± √√… fl¡ø1 ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡˘fl¡ ”√1 Œ√ Õ˘¬Û˘± ◊√√ ±¬ıÕ˘ øÚÀ«√ ø√À˘º

ÚÀ·f Ú±Ô ¬ı ≈1 ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1·1n∏ ≈fl¡± ◊√√ 1‡± Í¬± ◊√√ÀÎ¬±‡1 ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡˘1 ”‡… Œfl¡f ’±øÂ√ º˝◊√√˚˛±1 ’Ô« ˝√√í˘ ëë ............. it appears from theauthority of the Rigveda that the Panishad a Principal Center to the wost ofRasa which flowed into the Industhrought Khorasan and Afganistan.¬ı¸≈À√ª1 ¤˝◊√√ ’øˆ¬˜Ó¬ ˝◊√√˜±Ì1 Î¬◊M√√1-¬¬Û”ª õ∂±ôLÓ¬ Ôfl¡±Koocha Valley ¬ı± fl≈¡‰¬± Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±fl¡ ’Ô« fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º˝◊√√À˚˛ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1 ˝√√±È¬ÀÚ Œfl¡±ª± Œ·± ˝√√Ó¬…± õ∂øÓ¬À1±Òfl¡±1œ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ¬ı±ø¸μ±¸fl¡˘ ’±Ú Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ú˝√√˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ¬Û±øÚ√¸≈… ¬ı± ¬Û±øÚ Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸fl¡À˘˝◊√√ ’±øÂ√˘, ø˚¸fl¡˘fl¡ ’±˚«…˝◊√√¬ÛΩ ¬Û≈1±ÌÓ¬ Œ·± √√Ó¬…±fl¡±1œ Ê√±øÓ¬ Δfl¡ÀÂ√º

Travel into Bokharo and Vogageon the Indus Ú±˜1 ¢∂LöÓ¬ ’À˘fl¡ÀÊ√G±1 ¬ı±ÀÌ«ø˘‡± ˜ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√1±Ì1 Œ‡±1±‰¬±Ú õ∂À√˙Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ 4000

Ù≈¬È¬ Î¬◊2‰¬Ó¬±Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±ÀÈ¬±1 Ú±˜ fl≈¡‰¬± Œˆ¬˘œ ¬ı± fl≈¡‰¬±Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±º ¤˝◊√√ fl≈¡‰¬± Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡± ˝◊√√1±Ì1 ¬Û”ª õ∂±ôL1 ‰¬U1Œ˜˝√√ø‰¬√1 ›‰¬1Ó¬º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ¡Z±1± ˝◊√√À˚˛ õ∂˜±Ì ˝√√˚˛ Ÿ¬·À¬ı√110-108 ≈Mê√1 fl¡±ø √√Úœ ‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ ‚È¬Ú±À1 ø¬ıª1Ì √±ø„√√Òø1ÀÂ√º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ’Ô« ’±ø˜ ˝◊√√˚˛±Àfl¡ ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı ¬Û±À1± ¬Û±øÚ ¬ı±Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡À˘ ≈fl¡± ◊√√ 1‡± Œ¬Û± √√Úœ˚± ·1n∏ ’± «…¸fl¡À˘ [ ◊√√μ≈]1¸Ú√œ1 ¬Ûø(˜Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ fl≈¡‰¬± ¬ı± fl≈¡‰¬ ¬Û±¬ı«Ó¬… Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±1¬Û1±˝◊√√ Î¬◊X±1 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Ÿ¬·À¬ı√Ó¬ 1˜Ú√œ1 ¬Ûø(˜Ó¬’ªø¶öÓ¬ fl≈¡‰¬± Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±1 fl¡Ô±À1 ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º fl¡±1ÌŸ¬·À¬ı√1 La fl¡±fl¡œÀÓ¬± ¬Û±˝√√±11 fl¡Ô± Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√º

Î¬◊√± √√1Ì ë¬Û±øÚ Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡À˘ 1˜±fl¡ Δfl¡ÀÂ√ ñ ëŒ √√¸1˜±! ’±˜±À˘±fl¡1 ¤ ◊√√ÒÚ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬1 ¡Z±1± 1øé¬Ó¬ ø˚ÀÈ¬± ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬·± ◊√√·1n∏, Œ‚“±1± ’±1n∏ ’Ú…±Ú… ¸•ÛøM√√À1 ¬1¬Û≈1º Œ¸ ◊√√ÒÚ¬Û±øÚ¸fl¡À˘ 1é¬± fl¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√ ’Ô«±» ¬ı ¬ı±Ú, ¬ıœ1 Œ˚±X±¸fl¡À˘¬Û √√1± ø√ ’±ÀÂ√ [‰¬±›fl¡ Ÿ¬·À¬ı√- 10-108-7]º

23

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Œ·±ÒÚ1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¬Û±ø˘ ’±1n∏ ’±˚«…1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Ó¬˚˛±˜˚˛± ≈“Ê√ Œ˝√√±ª±1 fl¡Ô± Ÿ¬·À¬ı√Ó¬ ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡1±˝◊√√ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1Œ·±˝√√Ó¬…± õ∂øÓ¬À1±Òfl¡±1œ Ê√ÚÓ¬± ¬Û±ø˘ Ê√±øÓ¬À˚˛ ’±øÂ√˘ºŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ¬Û1ªM«√√œfl¡±˘Ó¬ fl¡±ø˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ Ú±À˜ ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ √√¬ÛÀ1º Ÿ¬·ƒÀ¬ı√1 10-108 ≈Mê√Ó¬ Ó¬±À1 ø¬ıª1Ì Œ¬Û±ª± ±˚º¸±•xøÓ¬fl¡ fl¡±˘1 ˆ¬±1Ó¬ ¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ Œ·±-¬Û”Ê√± ˚ø√› ’±˚«…-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ’—· Δ˝√√ÀÂ√, ¤˝◊√√ Œ·± ¬Û”Ê√± ¬ı± Œ·± Œõ∂˜ õ∂±‰¬œÚfl¡±˘Ó¬ ¬Û±øÚ ¬ı± Œfl¡±‰¬ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ Δ˝√√ ’±øÂ√˘º Ÿ¬·À¬ı√‡ÀÚ¤˝◊√√ fl¡Ô±1 ’±ˆ¬±¸ ø√À˚˛º

›¬Û11 ’±À˘±‰¬Ú±1 ¬Û1± Œ√‡± ± ˛ ’Ú± «… ¬Û±øÚ’±1n∏ ¬Û±øÚÀfl¡±‰¬ ’±1 Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ’± «…1 ±Ê√Ó¬ ≈√È¬± —¶‘®øÓ¬1¸—‚±Ó¬º ·1n∏ ¬Û±øÚÀfl¡±‰¬fl¡ ±À· √√±˘ Œ¬ı±ª±, ·±‡œ1 Œ‡±ª±¬ı± Œ¬ı¬Û±1 ’ÀÔ«º ’± «…À1± ·1n∏1 õ∂À ˛±Ê√Ú ·±‡œ1, ø˚ ’±1n∏Œ√ªÓ¬±1 ˚:Ó¬ ’±UøÓ¬ ø√˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ıº Ù¬˘Ó¬ ˚≈X ¤1±˝◊√√‰¬ø˘¬ı ¬Û1± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ≈‡Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± 1±ô¶± Œ‡±˘± Ú±øÂ√ º

≈√À˚˛±È¬± √À˘ ¬Û1¶ÛÀ1 ¬Û1¶Û1fl¡ ¸±—‚±øÓ¬fl¡ ˙Sn∏ :±Úfl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ¤ ◊√√ Œ¬ı ˛± ·Ì… fl¡1± Ê√±øÓ¬fl¡ ’± «… ◊√√ øMê√À1 ‡¬ı«fl¡ø1¬ı ‡≈øÊ√› √√ ˛ÀÓ¬± ¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√ º Œ¸À ˛ õ∂À ˛±Ê√Ú Δ √√øÂ√Œfl¡Ã˙À˘À1 ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡fl¡ ¸•Û”Ì«1+À¬Û Ê√œªÀôL Ò√ı—˙fl¡1±1º ¤˝◊√√ õ∂À˚˛±Ê√ÚÀÓ¬ ’±˚«…¸fl¡À˘ Î¬◊æ√±ªÚ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘’øˆ¬Ú˚ Œfl¡Ã˙˘º ¤ ◊√√fl≈¡È¬ Œfl¡Ã˙˘1 Î¬◊ÀVÀ˙… √√í˘ øMê√À1Ú˝√√˚˛, ¬ı≈øXÀ1 Œfl¡±‰¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ ’¸≈1, Δ√Ó¬…, √±Úª, Œ•°26√,ø¬Û˙±‰¬, ‰¬˚˛Ó¬±Ú, Úœ‰¬, √√œÚ, ¬ı¬ı«1, ’˙ˆ¬… ’fl¡1±, ¬ı≈øX˝√√œÚ’±ø√ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ÀÌÀ1 ø¬ıˆ¬”ø ∏Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Ê√Ú ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Œ √√… ˛õ∂øÓ¬¬Ûiß fl¡1±º

’± «…¸fl¡˘1 ¤ ◊√√ ’±“‰¬øÚ ≈&Ó¬ √√ Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ≈·ÀÓ¬,ŒÓ¬øÓ¬ ˛±1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡fl¡ Œfl¡±ª± √√í˘ ‘Ó¬ ¬ı±‰¬– ’±1n∏fl≈¡ª±‰¬ ¬ı± Œ¬ı ˛±ˆ¬± ∏œº ◊√√ ˛±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ fl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ¬± ∏±ø¬Û˙±‰¬œ fl¡1± ’±1n∏ ±Ú≈ √√ ø¬ı˘±fl¡ √√ Ê√Ò± ”‡«, Œ•°26√, ’±‰¬±1ø¬ı‰¬±1 ŒÚ±À √√±ª± Ê√±øÓ¬º

24

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Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘ ’±1n∏ ’Ó¬œÓ¬1 fl¡Ô±

˜±Ò≈1œ Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œŒ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚±˘

Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 ¬ı≈1?œ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ’Ó¬œÓ¬Õ˘ ¬Û±Ó¬˘≈øÈ¬˚˛±À˘ ◊√√˚˛±1 ¬ı≈1?œ1 ·Ó¬ ’¸˜1 √1—, ø¬ıÊ√Úœ ’±1n∏Î¬◊M√√1¬ı—·1 Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1 Ú˝√√±Õfl¡ Ô±øfl¡¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1º øfl¡ ˛ÀÚ±”√1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ’±È¬±˝◊√√Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ΔÙ¬√1 ’±ø√ ¬Û≈1n∏¯∏¤Àfl¡ÊÀÚ ◊√√À √√ ’±øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ ≈”√1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬Àfl¡± ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1˚ø√ õ∂±‰¬œÚ ˚≈·Õ˘ ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ˚±›“ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ˝√√íÀ˘ ’±˜±1ΔÙ¬√À¬ı±1Ó¬ õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ øfl¡—¬ı√ôLœ ˜ÀÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘1 ’±ø√¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1Õ· ˝√√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬1 Î¬◊À~ø‡Ó¬ Î¬◊¬Û±‡…±ÚÓ¬ Ôfl¡±‰¬f¬ı—˙œ˚˛ é¬øS˚˛ 1Ê√± Δ˝√√˝√√˚˛º õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘1 ¤˝◊√√ Δ˝√√˝√√˚˛1Ê√± ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S ¸˝√√¶⁄±Ê«√≈Ú1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¸˝√√¶⁄±Ê«√≈Ú1¬ı±1Ê√Ú ¬Û≈S1 fl¡Ô± ’±˜±1 ‚1Ó¬ ¬Û≈1n∏À¯∏ ¬Û≈1n∏À¯∏ ‰¬ø˘ Ôfl¡±Œ √√Ó≈¬Àfl¡ ◊√√ √√ ˛ÀÓ¬± Δ˙˙ªÀÓ¬ Œ¸ ◊√√À¬ı±1 ·ä ’±fl¡±À1 qÚ±¬Û± ◊√√øÂ√À˘± ø˚À¬ı±1 qøÚ ◊√√ Ó¬ij ˛ Δ √√ ¬Ûø1øÂ√À˘±º ” «…‡ø1Δ√ª: ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ë√1—e 1±Ê√¬ı—˙±ª˘œíÓ¬ ’±˜±1 ‚1À¬ı±1Ó¬õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ Œ¸ ◊√√ øfl¡—¬ı√ôLœÀÈ¬± ◊√√ ¬Û±Â√Õ˘ ¬ı≈1?œ ¬ÛÀÏ¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±“›º’fl¡˘ Œ¸À˚ Ú √√ ëŒ˚±ø·Úœ Ó¬Laí ’±1n∏ ëfl¡±ø˘fl¡± ¬Û≈1±ÌíÀÓ¬±Δ˝√√˝√√˚˛1 ¬Û˘±Ó¬fl¡ øÓ¬¸ôLøÓ¬1 fl¡Ô± Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√º

õ∂±‰¬œÚ ≈·Ó¬ ’Ô«±» 1±˜± ˛Ì ’±1n∏ ˝√√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬À1±¬Û”À¬ı« ¬Û1q1±˜1 ¬Ûø1fl¡øäÓ¬ é¬øS ˛ øÚÒÚ ’øˆ¬˚±Ú1 ¬ ˛Ó¬¬ıUÀÓ¬± é¬øS˚˛˝◊√√ ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ õ∂±‰¬…1 Ù¬±À˘ ’±À˝√√º Ó¬±À1¬ı±1Ê√Ú ¬Û≈S ’±øÂ√˘ Δ˝√√˝√√˚˛ 1Ê√±1 Ú±øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ fl¡±˘Sê˜Ó¬ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡À1 ¬ıU ¬ı—˙Ò11 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ é¬˜Ó¬±˙±˘œ ¬ı—˙Ò1√√ ˛Õ· √√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1± ˛º

˜ √√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚ øÚÀÊ√ 1Ê√± Ú±øÂ√ ø√› ŒÓ¬›“1ˆ¬±Ó‘¬ ˜˝√√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 1±Ê√Qfl¡±˘ ˝◊√√˜±Ú &1n∏Q ¬Û”Ì«Ú˝√√í˘À˝“√√ÀÓ¬Ú ˚ø√À˝√√ ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ Œ¸˝◊√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√… fl¡±˜1+¬Û1 ˚≈ª1±Ê√ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˜Laœ ’±1n∏Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬ Ú˝√√˘À˝√√“ÀÓ¬Úº ŒÓ¬›“1 Ó¬À1±ª±˘1 øÓ¬1ø¬ı1øÌÓ¬fl¡±˜1+¬Û 1±Ê√… Œ˙¯∏¬ı±11 ¬ı±À¬ı ’øÓ¬ ¸≈ø¬ı˙±˘ Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1º˝◊√√˚˛±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ õ∂±·ÀÊ√…±øÓ¬¯∏¬Û≈11 1Ê√±ˆ¬·√M√√1 ø√ÚÓ¬ fl¡±˜1+¬Û Ó¬Ô± ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ’¸˜ õ∂±·ÀÊ√…±øÓ¬ ∏Ú±À˜À1 ’øÓ¬ ¸≈ø¬ıô¶‘Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ¬Û1±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ¸5˜ ˙Ó¬±sœ1fl≈¡˜±1 ˆ¬±¶®1 ¬ı˜«± 1Ê√±1 ø√ÚÓ¬ ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ ¬ı±1Õ˘ ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú1’¸˜ Ó¬Ô± Œ¸˝◊√√ ˚≈·1 fl¡±˜1+¬Û ˜·Ò1 ¸œ˜±ôLÕ˘Àfl¡ø¬ıô¶±ø1Ó¬ Δ √√ ¬ÛÀ1º Œ˙ ∏¬ı±11 ¬ı±À¬ı fl¡±˜1+¬Û Ó¬Ô± ¤øÓ¬ ˛±1’¸˜ ø‰¬˘±1±˚1 ø¡Z·ø¬ıÊ√ 1 Ù¬˘¶§1+À¬Û ¬Û”À¬ı ø√ ±1 ¬Û1±¸≈ø¬ıô¶±ø1Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ¬Ûø(˜¬ı—·1 ’ôL·«Ó¬ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇÕ˘Àfl¡ Ôfl¡±1˘·ÀÓ¬ fl¡±Â√±1, ˜øÌ¬Û≈1, Ê√˚˛ôLœ˚˛± 1±Ê√…, øS¬Û≈1±, ø‰¬À˘È¬’±ø√ ’±1n∏ ’ÀÚfl¡ 1±Ê√…› ¤Àfl¡È¬± ±¸Ú1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ ¤fl¡øSÓ¬Δ √√øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√Ê√Ú √√±¬ıœ1À1 ◊√√ ¬Û≈S 1‚≈À√ª Ú±1± ˛ÀÌ ŒÓ¬›“1ø¬ÛÓ‘¬1 ˜‘Ó≈¬…1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±11 ¬Û1± ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√Œ¸±ÚÀfl¡± ∏ Ú√œ1 ¬Û”¬ı Ù¬±˘Õ˘ fl¡±˜1+¬ÛÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√… ¶ö±¬ÛÚfl¡À1 ˚ø√› ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬1 ø√ÚÓ¬ ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬Œ˜±·˘1 ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ˚≈XÓ¬ ¬ıμœ Δ˝√√ ø√~œÓ¬ 1612 ‡‘©Ü±sÓ¬¸•⁄±È¬ Ê√±˝√√±eœ11 ’±·Ó¬ Î¬◊¬Ûø¶öÓ¬ ˝√√í¬ı ˘·œ˚˛± ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏¬ı˙…Ó¬± ¶§œfl¡±1 fl¡À1º ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ¬Û1œøé¬Ó¬1 w±Ó‘¬ ¬ıø˘Ó¬ ›1ÀÙ¬

25

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Ú±1± ˛Ì ’±1n∏ Ò•ú« Ú±1± ˛ÀÌ ’±1n∏ √√1 ›1ÀÙ¬ ·Ê√Ú±1± ˛ÀÌŒ˜±·˘1 ø¬ı¬ÛÀé¬ ≈X ‰¬˘±˝◊√√ Δ˘ ±˚˛º ’ªÀ˙¯∏Ó¬ ¬Û1±ô¶Δ˝√√ ’±À˝√√±˜1 1Ì±¬Ûiß Õ˝√√ ¬Û1±Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ fl¡1Ó¬˘œ˚˛±1Ê√±¶§1+À¬Û Ò•ú« Ú±1±˚˛ÀÌ √1„√√Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ·Ê√ Ú±1±˚˛ÀÌŒ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±Ó¬ 1Ê√± Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1º ¤ ◊√√√À1 ø‰¬√˘±1± ˛1 Ú±øÓ¬¸fl¡˘’¸˜1 ¬ı≈1?œ1 ‚±˝◊√√ ¸≈“øÓ¬1 ¬Û1± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Œ˝√√1±˝◊√√ ˚±˚˛ºŒ˜±·˘1 ø¬ı1n∏ÀX ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ˚≈X fl¡ø1 ’˝√√1˝√√ ¬ı…ô¶ Δ˝√√Ô±øfl¡øÂ√˘ ø√› ¬Û±Â√Õ˘ Œ¸˝◊√√ ≈X ’±À˝√√±˜1 Δ˝√√À˝√√ fl¡1±Ó¬’Ó¬œÓ¬1 ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ¬ıœ1Q1 fl¡±ø˝√√Úœ Œfl¡ª˘ ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘Ó¬À˝√√õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ Δ √√ Ô±øfl¡˘º Œ¸ ◊√√À¬ı±1 ’¸˜ ¬ı≈1?œÓ¬ ¬Û±¬ıÕ˘ Ú± ◊√√º√1— ’±1n∏ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± ¬˚ø√›¬ı± ’±À˝√√±˜1 fl¡1Ó¬˘œ˚˛± 1±Ê…Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1 Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ¶ö±Ú ’±À˝√√±˜1 ‰¬fl≈¡Ó¬ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ¬±Àª ë¸ij±øÚÓ¬ ’±øÂ√ √√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1± ˛1 ¬ı—˙Ò1í¬ı≈ø˘À˚ ◊√√º ’±À √√±˜ ¶§·«À√Î¬◊1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ ¬ıUÀÓ¬± fl¡1Ó¬˘œ˚± 1±Ê√…’±øÂ√˘ ˚ø√› Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± ’±1n∏ √1„√√1 ¶ö±Ú õ∂±˚˛ ¬Û”Ì«±—·¶§±ÒœÚ 1Ê√±1 √À1 ◊√√ ’±øÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬ı≈1?œø¬ı√ fl¡˘1 ŒÈ¬±fl¡±1

¬Û1± Ê√Ú± ± ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ≈√ ◊√√‡Ú 1±Ê√… ◊√√ Œ √ÀÚ± ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì«fl¡Ô±1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1 ’±À˝√√±˜ ¶§·«À√Î¬◊1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡ÀÚ± 1fl¡˜1 √√fl¡±¬ı±Ò± ŒÚ±À √√±ª±Õfl¡À ˛ ‰¬ø˘øÂ√ º

¬ı≈1?œø¬ı√ ¶§·œ« ¬ÛΩÚ±Ô¬ Œ·± √√±ø¤û¬ı1n∏ª±1 ë’¸˜¬ı≈1?œí ’±1n∏ &Ì±øˆ¬1±˜ ¬ı1n∏ª±1 ë’±¸±˜ ¬ı≈1?œÓ¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±11Ê√± ·Ê√ Ú±1± ˛ÌÕ˘Àfl¡ Ú±˜ Œ¬Û±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¶§·œ« ˛ ¬ÛøGÓ¬Œ √√ ‰¬f Œ·±¶§±˜œ1 •Û±√Ú±Ó¬ ‰¬±1 ¤Î¬ª±Î«¬ Œ· ◊√√È¬1¡Z±1±ÚÓ≈¬ÚÕfl¡ ˜≈ø^Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ¬Û≈1øÌ ¸±“ø‰¬ ¬ÛøÓ¬˚˛± ¬Û≈øÔ ë√1—1±Ê√¬ı—˙±ª˘œí1 ÚÓ≈¬Ú ’±fl‘¡øÓ¬1 øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û‡Ú1 ¬ı—˙ Ó¬±1¬ı˝√√˘ ¬Û±Ó¬ø‡˘±Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬ 1±ÀÊ√f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª ’±1n∏‡≈1± ¬Ûø¬ıf Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ªÕ˘Àfl¡ Ú±˜ Œ¬Û±ª± Δ·øÂ√˘º

1617 ‡‘–Ó¬ ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 Ú±øÓ¬ ·Ê√Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 ø√ÚÀÓ¬ ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú1 ¤˝◊√√ 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±Ó¬¶ö±ø¬ÛÓ¬ Δ˝√√ ¤Àfl¡1±À˝√√ ≈√˙¬ıÂ√1 Œ˜±·˘1 ’±Sê˜Ì,Œ˜±ª±˜1œ˚˛± ø¬ıÀ^±˝√√ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú1 Î¬◊¬Û^ª ’±ø√ Ò≈˜≈˝√√±1˜±ÀÊ√À1 ¸1øfl¡ ’±À˝√√º 1826 ‡‘–1 ŒÙ¬¬ıËn∏ª±1œ ˜±˝√√Ó¬Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ˜±Ú1 ˘·Ó¬ ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1 ˝◊√√˚˛±G±¬ı≈ ¸øg ¶§±é¬ø1Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛’±1n∏ ’±À √√±˜ 1±Ê√Q1 ‚± ◊√√ ‡“≈È¬± ≈ øfl¡ ¬ÛÀ1 ñ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬ ˛± ◊√√Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 ¬±·…‰¬SêÀÓ¬± 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ’±À˜±‚ ¬Ûø1ªÓ«¬Ú1fl¡˘œ ˛± Â√± ˛± ’±øªˆ¬”«Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1º Œ¸ ◊√√ ˜ ˛Ó¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±11±Ê√¬Û±È¬Ó¬ ’±øÒøá¬Ó¬ ’±øÂ√ 1Ê√± À•§±√1 Ú±1± ˛Ì Œ√ªº1Ê√± À•§±√1 Ú±1± ˛Ì Œ√ª1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S Œ˘±fl¡¬Û±˘Ú±1±˚˛Ì 1Ê√± ˝√√˚˛º ¤›“1 ¸˜˚˛Õ˘Àfl¡ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± 1±Ê√…1±Ê√fl¡œ˚˛ ¸À•§±ÒÚÓ¬ ¸fl¡À˘± Œé¬SÀÓ¬ ëŒ√˙í ¬ı≈ø˘À˝√√Î¬◊À~ø‡Ó¬ Δ √√ ’±ø √√øÂ√ º

1Ê√± Œ˘±fl¡¬Û±˘ Ú±1±˚Ì1 1863 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ‘Ó≈¬… √√ ºø¬ÛÀÂ√ ¤›“ ø¬ÛÓ‘¬ø√Ú1 Ÿ¬Ì1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ øÚÊ√1 fl¡1 ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√fl¡øÍ¬fl¡˜ÀÓ¬ Œ˙±Ò±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1±Ó¬¬ ¬ı‘øÈ¬ÀÂ√ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 ¸œ˜±¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Â√˚˛øSÂ√‡Ú ·±“ª1 ¸˜ø©Ü fl¡À1º 1Ê√± ’˜‘Ó¬Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª 1Ê√± Œ˘±fl¡¬Û±˘1 ŒÊ√…á¬¬Û≈S ’±øÂ√˘º Œ¸À˚˛Œ˘±fl¡¬Û±˘1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ’˜‘Ó¬ Ú±1±˚˛Ì 1Ê√± ˝√√˚˛º ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ŒÓ¬›“’ä±˚≈ ’±øÂ√ ’±1n∏ ·ÀÓ¬ øÚ– ôL±ÀÚ± ’±øÂ√ º Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1¸œ˜± —fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ Œ √√±ª±1 ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 ‡±È¬±— Œ √√±ª±Ó¬ Œ¸ ◊√√, ¬ı±Ó¬ø1¬Û± ◊√√ ŒÓ¬›“ Œ˝√√ÀÚ± ‘Ó≈¬…1 ≈‡Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1º ŒÓ¬›“1 ‘Ó≈¬…1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬

¬ı‘øÈ¬Â õ∂øÓ¬øÚøÒ ë‰¬±˝◊√√˜Úƒ ‰¬±˝√√±¬ıí1 ˘·Ó¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 Œ˙¯∏1Ê√± 1±ÀÊ√f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª [˜”1Ó¬ ¬Û±&1œÀ1] ’±1n∏

ŒÓ¬›“1 ˆ¬±Ó‘¬ 1±Ê√fl≈¡˜±1 õ∂¬ıœf Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ªº¸˜˚˛ fl¡±˘ 1927 ‰¬Ú

26

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ŒÓ¬›“1 øÚfl¡È¬Ó¬˜ ’Ú≈Ê√ ˆ¬±Ó‘¬ ‰¬f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√Àª ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1¡Z±1± 1±Ê√¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ¬Û± ◊√√ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 1±Ê√¬Û√ ¢∂ √√Ì fl¡À1º ¤Àª“ ◊√√Œ˜±1 ’±Ó¬± 1Ê√± ‰¬f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ªº

1900 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ¬¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√ ±•⁄±:œ øˆ¬À"√√±ø1 ˛±1 ‘Ó≈¬…1¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“1 ¬Û≈S ¤Î¬ª±ÀÎ«¬ ëë¸5˜ ¤Î¬ª±Î«¬íí Ú±˜ Δ˘¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√ ø¸—˝√√±¸ÚÓ¬ ’±À1±˝√√Ì fl¡1±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ 1903 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ŒÓ¬›“1 ’øˆ¬À¯∏fl¡ Î¬◊ƒ√˚±ø¬ÛÓ¬ ˝√√˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬Ôfl¡± ¬¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√ 1±Ê√õ∂øÓ¬øÚøÒ (Viceroy) ˘Î«¬ fl¡±Ê«√ÀÚ◊√√—˘GÓ¬ Œ √√±ª± ’øˆ¬À ∏fl¡1 ’Ú≈fl¡1ÌÓ¬ ø√~œÓ¬ •⁄±È¬1 ¤‡Ú

ëÚfl¡˘ ’øˆ¬À¯∏fl¡í ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ õ∂Ê√±1 ’ôL1Ó¬ ÀôL±¯∏ ø√˚˛±1’ÀÔ« ¬Û±ÀÓ¬º ¤˝◊√√ ’øˆ¬À¯∏fl¡ ‡Ú fl¡±Ê«√ÀÚ Ê√±fl¡ Ê√˜fl¡¬ÛÀ˚˛±ˆ¬À1À1 ø√~œÓ¬ Î¬◊ƒ√˚±ø¬ÛÓ¬ fl¡1± ˜˚˛Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ Ó¬±Õ˘ˆ¬±1Ó¬1 1n∏-Î¬±„√√1 fl¡À˘± Ò1Ì1 Œ√˙œ˚˛ 1±Ê√…1 1Ê√±fl¡øÚ˜LaÌ fl¡À1º Œ˜±1 ’±Ó¬± ‰¬f Ú±1± ˛ÀÌ Œ¸ ◊√√ ’øˆ¬À ∏fl¡Ó¬¤Ê√Ú øÚ˜øLaÓ¬ 1Ê√± ø √√‰¬±À¬Û Œ˚±·√±Ú ø√À˚º ¤ ◊√√‡Úfl¡ ëø√~œ√1¬ı±1í 1+À¬Û Î«¬ fl¡±Ê«√ÀÚ ’±‡…± ø√øÂ√ ’±1n∏ Ó¬±Ó¬ Î¬◊¬Ûø¶öÓ¬1Ê√±¸fl¡À˘ ¶§fl¡œ˚˛ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ 1+À¬Û Œ¬Û±ª± õ∂˜±Ì ¶§1+¬ÛëŒ˜ÀÎ¬˘í ’±fl¡±11 ¤Àfl¡±È¬±Õfl¡ ≈^± ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ¤È¬±≈ ± ’±˜±1 ‚1Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ±Ó‘¬ õ∂±MêÚ 1±Ìœ ¿ ≈Mê√± Ñœøõ∂ ±

Œ√ªœ1 √√±Ó¬Ó¬ ’±øÂ√ º ’ªÀ˙… ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1 ‰¬Ó≈¬1 ±¸Ú1 Œ·±¬ÛÚ¯∏Î¬ˇ˚La˝◊√√ ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ 1Ê√±¸fl¡˘fl¡ fl¡˜«Í¬ Œ˝√√±ª±Ó¬Õfl¡ø¬ı˘±ø¸Ó¬±Ó¬ M√√ Δ √√ Ôfl¡±ÀÈ¬±Àfl¡À √√ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1øÂ√ º Ó¬Ô±ø¬ÛÀÓ¬±¬ı—˙ ¬Û1•Û1± ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ‰¬ø˘ ’ √√± øÚ˚˜1 õ∂ˆ¬±Àª ’Ê√±øÚÀÓ¬˝√√íÀ˘› ¤ ◊√√ 1Ê√±¸fl¡˘fl¡ ø¬ı˘±ø¸Ó¬±1 ±Ê√ÀÓ¬± ¬ıUÓ¬ &Ì1’øÒfl¡±1œ› fl¡ø1 1±ø‡øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘¬ı ±ø·¬ıº

1Ê√± ‰¬f Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 ˜‘Ó≈¬…1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬1±Ê√fl≈¡˜±1 1±ÀÊ√f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“1 Δ¬ı˜±Sˆ¬±Ó‘¬ 1±Ê√fl≈¡˜±1 ¬Ûø¬ıf Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª Ú±¬ı±˘fl¡ ’±øÂ√˘ºŒ¸À˚˛ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 &1n∏ˆ¬±1 ’±ø˝√√ 1Ê√± ‰¬fÚ±1± ˛Ì1 ø¬ıÒª± ¬ÛPœ 1±Ìœ ’ √√ …± Œ√ªœ1 fl¡±gÓ¬ ¬ÛÀ1ø √√ºŒ¸À˚˛ ˝√√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√ ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ˚Ô± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“1

’Ú≈À˜±√Ú SêÀ˜ ŒÓ¬›“À1 ¶§±˜œ1 ¬ıg≈ 1±˚˛‰¬±˝√√±¬ı ø‰¬√±ÚμŒ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œfl¡ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± ‰¬À˘±ª±1 fl¡±˜Ó¬ ë¸1¬ı1 √√fl¡±1í ø √√‰¬±À¬ÛøÚ˚≈øMê√ ø√À˚˛º 1901 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ Êij¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡1± Œ˜±1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬À˚˛1923 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ±¬ı±˘fl¡ Δ˝√√ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 1±Ê√ ¬Û√Ó¬ ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1¬Û1± Œ¬Û±ª± 1±Ê√¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬À1 øÚ˚≈Mê√ ˝√√˚˛º Œ˜±1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬À˚˛’±˝◊√√Ú ø˙é¬±1 ¸˜±ø5 øÚÊ√Àfl¡ Î¬◊fl¡œ˘ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û Ê√Ê«√fl¡±Â√±1œÓ¬ øÚø˘«5 fl¡1±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ fl¡ø˘fl¡Ó¬± ˝√√±˝◊√√Àfl¡±È«¬1˘·ÀÓ¬± øÚÊ√Àfl¡ —À˚±øÊ√Ó¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√ ø√À √√ ’¸˜1 Ù¬±˘1Œfl¡ÀÚ± ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ±˜˘± Œ˜±fl¡«√ ±1 ‘ø©Ü Δ √√øÂ√ º Î¬◊2‰¬˜±Ú1¸≈ø˙øé¬Ó¬ ¬ı…øMê√ Œ˝√√±ª±Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 1Ê√±Œ˝√√±ª±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1 ¡Z±1±˝◊√√ ë’Ú±À11œ Œ˜øÊ√À©Ü™øÈ¬í¬Û√Ó¬ øÚ˚≈Mê√ Δ˝√√øÂ√˘ ñ Ù¬˘Ó¬ ŒÓ¬›“ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 õ∂Ê√±1¸fl¡À˘± Ò1Ì1 Œfl¡‰¬-˜±˜ƒ˘± Œ˜±fl¡√«˜± ’±ø√ ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡1±1é¬˜Ó¬± ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ø¬ÛÓ‘¬À˚˛ øÚÊ√1 ≈¶§ˆ¬±ª ’±1n∏ ≈ø¬ı‰¬±11˜±Ò…À˜À1 Ó‘¬Ó¬œ¬ ˛ √˙fl¡1 Ó¬Ô±fl¡øÔÓ¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘œ ˛± õ∂Ê√±1˜±Ê√Ó¬ ’øÓ¬ Ê√Úøõ∂˚˛ Δ˝√√ ¬Ûø1øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ qÚ± ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√À˘±º

Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 ë1Ê√±í Î¬◊¬Û±øÒÀ1 ˆ¬”ø¯∏Ó¬ 1Ê√±1Ò±1±¬ı±ø √√fl¡Ó¬±1 ¬Ûø1¸˜±ø5 ø¸˜±ÚÀÓ¬ ‚ÀÈ¬º õ∂±‰¬œÚ ≈·ÀÓ¬’±1y Œ˝√ √ ±ª± ‰¬f ¬ı—˙œ˚˛ é¬øS˚˛ 1Ê√± Δ˝√ √˝ √ √˚ ˛-¸˝√√¶⁄±Ê≈√«ÚÀ1 ◊√√ ¬ı—˙Ò1 ˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1± ˛ fl¡±˜1+¬ÛÓ¬ õ∂¬ı˘õ∂Ó¬±¬Ûœ Δ˝√√ Î¬◊øÍ¬ ¸˜˚˛1 Œ¸“±Ó¬Ó¬ ¬ı—˙Ò11 ø√ÚÕ˘ ¬Û≈Ú1’ô¶ø˜Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ’¸˜Ó¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘Ó¬ Œ˜±1ø¬ÛÓ‘¬1 ø˙1Ó¬ ë1±Ê√ ¬Û√¬ıœíÀ1 ˆ¬”ø¯∏Ó¬ Δ˝√√ ’±øÂ√˘Õ· ñ’øÓ¬ é≈¬^ˆ¬±Àª √√íÀ˘› ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1 ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬Ó¬º ŒÓ¬›“1 ‘Ó≈¬…1ø¬ÛÂ√1 ¬Û1± 1976 ‰¬ÚÕ˘Àfl¡ Œ˜±1 ±Ó‘¬À˚˛ ë1±Ìœí Î¬◊¬Û±øÒ¬Û± ◊√√ ’±ø √√øÂ√ º ◊√√øμ1± ·±gœ1 ø√ÚÓ¬ Œ‚±ø ∏Ó¬ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ’± ◊√√Úõ∂Ì ˛ÚÓ¬ ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Œ√˙œ ˛ 1±Ê√…1 1±Ê√¬Ûø1 ˛±˘À¬ı±À1¶§±ÒœÀÚ±M√√1 ‰¬ø˘Ó¬ øÚ˚˛˜Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ëøõ∂øˆ¬¬Û±‰«¬í Œ˝√√1n∏ª±1˘·ÀÓ¬ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ë1±Ê√í Î¬◊¬Û±øÒÀ¬ı±À1± Œ˝√√1n∏ª±˚˛, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝◊√√Œ˜±1 ˜±Ó‘¬À˚˛› ¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ÀÓ¬ ëŒ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 1±Ìœí Î¬◊¬Û±øÒŒ˝√√1n∏ª±¬ı˘·œ˚˛± √√˚˛º

27

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 ¬ı—˙±ª˘œ

[¬Û≈S] √ ¬ÛøÓ¬ [Chieftain) √√±ø1 ˛± G˘[ø‰¬flƒ¡Ú±Á¡±Î¬ˇ ’±1n∏ Œfl¡±‰¬ √√±ÀÊ√± ¤À˘fl¡±1]

*

[¬Û≈S] ˜˝√√±1±Ê√ øÒ1±Ê√ ø¬ıù´ø¸—˝√√[fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜ÀÓ¬ù´1] ˜‘Ó≈¬… 1540 ‡‘–

¬Û≈S¸fl¡˘ ˜˝√√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì[fl¡±˜1+¬Û fl¡±˜ÀÓ¬ù´1]

**˚≈ª1±Ê√ —¢∂±˜ø¸—˝√√[Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬]

›1ÀÙ¬ ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛

Œ·±“ √√± ◊√√ fl¡˜˘±[fl¡±Â√±11 Œ√ª±Ú¬Ûø1 ˛±˘1 õ∂Ô˜]

Ú1ø¸—˝√√ˆ¬”È¬±Ú1 õ∂Ô˜øÔ•£≈¬ 1Ê√±

Œ˜‚ ‡ƒ≈√•ß ’±Ú ’±Ú ’±1n∏13 Ê√Ú ¬Û≈S

[¬Û≈S] ˝√√±1±Ê√ ÑœÚ±1±˚˛ÌŒfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1 fl¡±˜ÀÓ¬ù´1 [¤›“

Œ˜±·˘1 fl¡1Ó¬˘œ ˛± √√ ˛]

˜˝√√±1±Ê√ 1‚≈À√ªÚ±1± ˛Ì fl¡±˜1+¬Û±øÒ¬ÛøÓ¬‘Ó≈¬… 1603 ‡‘– [’±Ú≈ ±øÚfl¡] ¤“›

˝√√±ÀÊ√±1 √√˚˛¢∂œ¬ı ±Òª1 øμ1 øÚ˜«±Ì fl¡À1º

[¬Û≈–] ˝√√±1±Ê√ ¬Û1œøé¬»Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

[fl¡±˜1+¬Û±øÒ¬ÛøÓ¬ Œ˜±·˘1˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ¬ıμœ ˝√√˚˛]

1612 ‡‘–

[¬Û≈–] ¬ıø˘Óƒ¬ [›1ÀÙ¬]Ò˜«Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª √1„√√1 õ∂Ô˜

Œfl¡±‰¬1Ê√±1617 ‰¬Ú ’±À˝√√±˜ ¶§·«À√Î¬◊

õ∂Ó¬±¬Ûø¸—˝√√1 ¸˜˚˛

[¬Û≈–] ‰¬fÚ±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª[Œ˜±·˘1 ˘·Ó¬ ˚≈X Œé¬SÓ¬

˜‘Ó≈¬… ˝√√˚˛ ¿‚±È¬ 1ÌÓ¬]

[¬Û≈–] ø¬ıøÊ√»Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ªø¬ıÊƒ√ÚœÓ¬ Œ˜±·˘1 ¡Z±1±˝◊√√

õ∂øÓ¬øá¬Ó¬ õ∂Ô˜ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√±

[¬Û≈–] ˝√√1Ú±1±˚˛Ì [›1ÀÙ¬ ·Ê√Ú±1±˚˛ÌŒ√ª]

Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 õ∂Ô˜ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√± 1617 ‰¬Ú ,¶§·«À√Î¬◊ õ∂Ó¬±¬Ûø¸—˝√√1 ˜˚˛

* √˘¬ÛøÓ¬ ˝√√±ø1˚˛± ˜G˘1 ø¬ÛÓ‘¬1 Ú±˜ ’±øÂ√˘ √˘¬ÛøÓ¬ ë√±Ú^¬ı… [›1ÀÙ¬ [ Î¬±˜ƒÎ¬±•§≈ [Chieftain)** 1565 ‡‘–Ó¬ fl¡±˜±‡…± ˜øμ1 ÚªøÚø˜«Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛ ˜˝√√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì ’±1n∏ ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ¡Z±1±º

28

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

[¬Û≈–] ˝√√1Ú±1±˚˛Ì [›1ÀÙ¬ ·Ê√Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª][¬Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘±1 õ∂Ô˜ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1Ê√± 1617 ‰¬Ú

¶§·«À√Î¬◊ õ∂Ó¬±¬Ûø¸—˝√√1 ¸˜˚˛]

[¬Û≈S] 1±Ê√± ø˙ÀªfÚ±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

[¬Û≈S] 1±Ê√± ·g¬ı3«Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª[’±À˝√√±˜ Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬ fl¡ø˘˚˛± Œˆ¬±À˜±1±Ê√Œ˜±·˘1 ø¬ı1n∏ÀX Δ¸Ú…-¸±˜ôL ø√ ¸˝√√±˚˛ fl¡À1º

[¬Û≈S]1±Ê√± Î¬◊M√√˜Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

[¬Û≈S]1±Ê√± Ò√ıÊ√Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

[¬Û≈S]1±Ê√± Ê√˚˛Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

[1] [¬Û≈S] 1±Ê√± ˘À•§±√1Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª[˝◊√√˚˛±G±¬ı≈ ¸øg1 ¸˜˚˛º ¤›“ ¬ı‘øÈ¬Â√1˘·Ó¬ ¤fl¡ ‰≈¬øMê√ fl¡À1 1827 ‰¬ÚÓ¬]

[2] [¬Û≈S] 1±Ê√± Œ˘±fl¡¬Û±˘Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª[¤›“1 ø√ÚÓ¬ Œ¬ı˘Ó¬˘± õ∂ÔÀ˜ ë˜˝√√˘í Ó¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ëŒ˜ÃÊ√±íÕ˘ 1+¬Û±øôL1Ó¬ √√ ˛º ¤›“1 ‘Ó≈¬… 1863 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ √√ ˛º]

[3] [¬Û≈] 1±Ê√± ’˜‘Ó¬Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª¤›“ øÚ–¸ôL±ÀÚ ˜‘Ó≈¬… ˝√√˚˛]

[4] [¬Û≈] 1±Ê√± ‰¬fÚ±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª[˜‘Ó≈¬… 1910 ‰¬ÚÓ¬]

[5] [¬Û≈–] 1Ê√± 1±ÀÊ√f Ú±1± ˛Ì Œ√ª [¬Û≈–] 1±Ê√fl≈¡˜±1 õ∂¬ıœf Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª

29

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

√1„√√1 ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± fl¡Ï¬ˇ± 1Ê√±1 1±Ê√fl¡±À1— Ú±øÂ√˘

Î¬±– ’˜À1f Ú±1±˚˛Ì Œ√ª,√1—√√ 1±Ê√¬Ûø1˚˛±˘

ø˘‡Úœ1 ’±1yøÌÀÓ¬ ¬Û±Í¬fl¡ ¸˜±Ê√fl¡ Ê√Ú±¬ıø¬ı‰¬±À1± Œ˚ Ê√ij¸”ÀS ˜˝◊ √ √ Î¬ ◊À~ø‡Ó¬ ø˙À1±Ú±˜1¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 ¤Ê√Úº ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ¬Û1± Δ‰¬Ò…¬Û≈1n∏¯∏’±1n∏ ˜ÚÊ≈√1 ˜Ú¬Û≈1 Œ˜±˝√√Ú¬Û≈1Ó¬ ’±ø˝√√ 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ¬ÛÓ¬±õ∂Ô˜ √1„√√œ 1˝√√± ˜˝√√±1±Ê√ ¬ıø˘Ú±1±˚˛Ì ›1ÀÙ¬ Ò˜«Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 ¬ı±1 ¬Û≈1n∏¯∏º ø˘‡øÚÀÈ¬±Ó¬ õ∂±¸øefl¡Ó¬± Ôfl¡±1¬ı±À¬ı ¤˝◊√√ø‡˝◊√√Ú fl¡Ô± Î¬◊Ú≈øfl¡˚˛±˝◊√√ ÔíÀ˘±º

1935 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ¬±1Ó¬¬ı ∏«Ó¬ õ∂Ô˜ ±Ò±1Ì øÚ¬ı«±‰¬ÚΔ˝√√øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ Œ¸ ◊√√ øÚ¬ı«±‰¬ÚÓ¬ øÚ«√˘œ ˛ õ∂±Ô«œ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û Œ˜±1Œ√Î¬◊Ó¬± ¶§·œ«˚˛ ˆ¬”À¬Ûf Ú±1±˚˛ÌÀ√ª ’¸˜ ø¬ıÒ±Ú¬Ûø1¯∏√Õ˘ øÚ¬ı«±ø‰¬Ó¬ Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝◊√√ ”ÀS √√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ø‰¬Ú±øfl¡1’±“Ó¬ Òø1 ¶§±ÒœÀÚ±M√√1 fl¡±˘ 1952 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±1’¸˜1 1±Ê√…¬Û±˘ Ê√˚˛1±˜ √±¸ Œ√Ã˘Ó¬1±˜ ˜˝√√±˙˚˛fl¡√1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ Œ˜± √√Ú¬Û≈1 ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ’±˜LaÌ Ê√ÀÚ±ª±Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º 1±Ê√…¬Û±˘ Ê√˚˛1±˜ √±¸, Œ√Ã˘Ó¬1±˜ ˝√√±˙˚˛1¸ij±Ú±ÀÔ« ’Ú≈øá¬Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊ √ √ ¸ˆ¬±‡Ú ¬ÛÓ¬± Δ˝√ √øÂ√˘ºÒ˜«Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 Ó¬±˝√√±øÚ 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ √√±Î¬◊ø˘ Œ˜±˝√√Ú¬Û≈11 ·Î¬ˇ1øˆ¬Ó¬11 ¤øÈ¬ ˜±øÈ¬1 Î¬±„√√1 Œˆ¬øÈ¬ÀÈ¬±1 ›¬Û1Ó¬º Œ¸˝◊√√Î¬±„√√1 ±øÈ¬1 Œˆ¬øÈ¬ÀÈ¬±Àª Œ˝√√±ÀÚ± 1Ê√±1 ¬ı±¸ˆ¬ªÚ1 [1±Ê√fl¡±À1„√√1] øÊ√ ˛± ’±øÂ√˘º ø˘‡ÚœÀÈ¬±Ó¬ ¤ ◊√√ fl¡Ô±ø‡øÚÀ1±õ∂±¸øefl¡Ó¬± ’±ÀÂ√º

√1„√√1 Œ√Î¬◊˘ Î¬◊»¸ª, ÀÔøÚ, ¬Û±À‰¬øÓ¬, Œ·±gŒ‰¬Ã¬Û1œ ¸ˆ¬±, Ê√±˝√√±1 ¬Û”Ê√±, ·±Â√ ø¬Û˚˛±, ¬Û≈Ó¬˘± ø¬ı˚˛±,

·1‡œ˚˛± Œ¸ª±, √1 ¬Û”Ê√±, ¬ı±‚ ¬Û”Ê√±, ø˙À˚˛˘œ1 fl¡±Ê√,˜Ê≈√ ø√˚˛±,·Î¬ˇ ¬±„√√±, √√øÓ¬øÓ¬, Ê√˚˛Ò√ıøÚ, øÂ“√˚˛± ·œÓ¬, ŒÏ¬¬Û±Ï≈¬˘œ˚˛±, Ú±·±1± Ú±˜, øÔ˚˛ Ú±˜, Œ‰¬›‰¬±¬Ûø1 Ú±˜ ’±ø√ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Î¬◊Â√ª ’Ú≈á¬±Ú1 íÀÓ¬ —˚≈Mê√ ’±‰¬±1-1œøÓ¬, ·œÓ¬-¬Û√1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 √1„√√œ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…Àfl¡ ¸˝√√ÀÊ√’Ú≈Ò±ªÚ fl¡1± ˚±˚˛º √1— øÊ√˘±1 ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1± ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±,fl¡Â√±1œ, 1±ˆ¬± Ê√ÚÊ√±øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ‰¬± √√ Ê√ÚÊ√±øÓ¬1 Œ˘±fl¡¸fl¡˘1˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬± ’ÀÚfl¡ ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ Δ¬ıø˙©Ü… Œ√‡± Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º¤˝◊√√ ¸fl¡À˘± ˘· ˘·±˝◊√√À˝√√ Œ˚ ¤fl¡ ¸˜øi§Ó¬ √1„√√œ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 1+¬Û ¸•Û”Ì«±e Δ˝√√ Î¬◊øÍ¬¬ı Ó¬±Ó¬ ¸Àμ˝√√ Ú±˝◊√√ºø˚˜±ÀÚ˝◊√√ Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…¬Û”Ì« Ú˝√√›fl¡ øfl¡˚˛ ¤˝◊√√ fl¡Ô± ¬Û±˝√√ø1À˘Ú‰¬ø˘¬ı Œ˚ √1„√√œ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ¬ı‘‘˝√√» ’¸˜œ˚˛± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬À1˝◊√√’eœˆ¬”Ó¬º ¤Àfl¡ ”SÀÓ¬ √1„√√œ —¶‘®øÓ¬À1± √√±Ú ¬±1Ó¬œ ˛¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√… ’±1n∏ ¬Û1•Û1±1 ¸íÀÓ¬ ›Ó¬Àõ∂±Ó¬¸•Ûfl«¡ ’±ÀÂ√ ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ Î¬◊Ú≈øfl¡˚˛±À˘±º

1956 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ˜˝◊√√ ¯∏á¬˜±ÚÓ¬ ¬ÛÀÏ¬ˇ±ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±1 ¬ı≈1?œ1 ø˙é¬fl¡ ·1±fl¡œÀ˚˛ ë’¸˜ ¬ı≈1?œí¬ÛÀÏ¬ˇ±ª±1 ˜˚˛Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤È¬± õ∂¸eÓ¬ Œ˜±1 Ù¬±À˘ ‰¬±˝◊√√Δfl¡øÂ√˘ ë˝◊√√˝√√“Ó¬ ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± fl¡Ï¬ˇ± 1Ê√±1 ¬ı—˙Ò1ºí Œfl¡±ÀÚ±ø˘ø‡Ó¬ õ∂˜±Ì ÚÔfl¡± ’Ô‰¬ ˜≈‡ ¬ı±·ø1 Ù≈¬1± ¤˝◊√√Ù¬±øfl¡fl¡Ô± ˝◊√√ ’±øÊ√› qøÚ¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±›“ Œ˚ √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 ±¸Úfl¡±˘Ó¬ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú Œ√±¯∏œfl¡ √G ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± fl¡Ï¬ˇ±Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸1 ¬ıU fl¡Ô±˝◊√√ Œ˚ÀÚ√À1 ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì Œ˝√√±ª±

30

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Ú±˝◊√√ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ√À1 √1„√√œ 1Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 ˙±¸Ú ¬ı…ª¶ö±Ó¬ Ôfl¡±¬ı≈ø˘ qÚ± ¤˝◊√ √¯∏±1 fl¡Ô±À1± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì fl¡1±¤øÓ¬˚˛±Õ˘ Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º

ø˙é¬±&1n∏1 Ó¬±ø26√ …¬Û”Ì« fl¡Ô± ∏±1 qÚ±1 ¬Û1ªÓ«¬œfl¡±˘Ó¬ ◊√√ Œ˚øÚ¬ı± Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·…SêÀ˜ ¤Ê√Ú ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ø¬ı ∏ ˛1Â√±S ˝√√í¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±À˘“± ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 Œ√˝√√Ó¬ ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘±1õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛Ó¬± ’±1n∏ Œ¸˝◊√√ÀÈ¬± Œ√˝√√1 ¬Û1± Î¬◊Í¬±˝◊√√ ø√À˘˝√√í¬ı ¬Û1± ’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ¬ı± ’¬Ûfl¡±ø1Ó¬±1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ø¬ı¯∏√ˆ¬±ÀªÊ√±øÚ¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘“±º ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘±ÀÈ¬± ±Ú≈˝√√1 Œ√˝√√1 ¤fl¡˜±SŒ¸Ãμ˚« ¬ıÒ«Ú1 ¬ı±À¬ıÀ˝√√ Ô±Àfl¡ Ó¬±1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1 ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘±1˜±Úª Œ√˝√√Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú Ú±˝◊√√ Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡Ô±Ê√±øÚ¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘“±º ’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± Ú±Ô±øfl¡À˘› ˜±Ú≈À˝√√¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ˆ¬±Àª Ê√œªÚ ±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝√√íÀ˘√1„√√œ 1Ê√±¸fl¡À˘ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú øÚø«√©Ü Œ√±¯∏Ó¬ Œ√±¯∏œ1 øfl¡˚˛’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± fl¡Ï¬ˇ±1 √À1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ±¸Ú1 ¤È¬±ø¬ıøÒ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û 1±ø‡øÂ√˘ Ó¬±fl¡ ’±øÊ√ ’±ø˜ ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì fl¡ø1‰¬±¬ı ¬Û±À1“±º ’±ø˜ ’±øÊ√Õ˘Àfl¡ √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 ’¬Û˙±¸Ú¬ı± ¬õ∂Ê√±1 õ∂øÓ¬ øÚá≈¬1 ˜ÀÚ±ˆ¬±ª±¬Ûiß Œ˝√√±ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡íÀÓ¬±Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ¬ı1= √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 fl¡˜«1±øÊ√1 ¬Û1± õ∂Ê√±1õ∂øÓ¬ Ôfl¡± ’Ù≈¬1ôL ˆ¬±˘ Œ¬Û±ª± ’±1n∏ ¸¬ı«ø√˙Ó¬ õ∂Ê√±1˜e˘ ø‰¬ôL± fl¡1±1 fl¡Ô± Ê√±øÚ¬ı ¬Û±À1“±º :±Úœ 1Ê√± ◊√√ øÚ( ˛’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘±1 ˜±Úª Œ√˝√√Ó¬ øfl¡˜±Úø‡øÚ õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛±Ó¬’±ÀÂ√ Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡Ô± Ê√±øÚøÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ ¤fl¡˜±S õ∂Ê√±1 ¬ı±Œ√± ∏œÊ√Ú1 ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± é¬øÓ¬ Úfl¡ø1 ’Ô‰¬ Œ˘±fl¡ ‰¬é≈¬Ó¬’±1n∏ Œ√±¯∏œ ÀÚ±¬ı‘øM√√1 õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 ±Ê√Ó¬ ¬˚˛ ‡≈ª±¬ı1¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ¤È¬± √G1 ø¬ıÒ±Ú 1±ø‡øÂ√˘º √√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ŒÓ¬ÀÚ¤È¬± fl¡±1ÌÀÓ¬ √1— 1±Ê√…Ó¬ Œ¸ ◊√√ fl¡±˘ÀÂ√±ª±Ó¬ õ∂Ê√±1 ±Ê√Ó¬Œ√±¯∏œ1 ¸—‡…± ˚ÀÔ©Ü fl¡˜ ’±øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ ¸˝√√ÀÊ√ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√Œ¬ı˚˛± fl¡±˜Õ˘ ˜Ú ŒÚÀ˜ø˘øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬ÀÚ√À1 √1„√√œ1Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 ø√ÚÓ¬ õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡À˘ ¸≈À‡-¸ÀôL±À¯∏ ø√Úfl¡È¬± ◊√√øÂ√ º 1±Ê√… ±¸ÚÓ¬ ¤ÀÚ :±Úœ ø¬ı‰¬±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 1‡±1‘√©Ü±ôL ¬ı≈1?œÓ¬ ø¬ı1˘º

¤øÓ¬˚˛± ’±À˝√√“± ñ 1±Ê√…¬Û±˘ Ê√˚˛1±˜ √±¸

Œ√Ã˘Ó¬1±˜ √1„√√œ 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ’˝√√± õ∂¸eÕ˘º1952 ‰¬Ú1 Œ¸˝◊√√ø√ÚÀfl¡˝◊√√È¬±Ó¬ Œ√Ã˘Ó¬1±˜ Î¬±„√√1œ˚˛±fl¡Œ√‡≈ª±¬ıÕ˘ √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 ¬ı—˙Ò1¸fl¡˘1 ¬ı± ˝√√±Î¬◊ø˘Œ˜±˝√√Ú¬Û≈1¬ı±¸œ1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ 1n∏-¸≈1± ¬Û≈1øÌ ¬ıd ≈√˝◊√√ ¤¬Û√1¬ı±À√ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¤Àfl¡± Ú±øÂ√˘º 1±Ê√ fl¡±À1„√√1 fl¡Ô± ¬ı±À√˝◊√√’¸˜ øfl¡˚˛ ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ ø¬ı1˘ ¬ı—˙±ª˘œ õ∂Ì˚˛Ú [√1e1±Ê√ ¬ı—˙±ª˘œ] fl¡À1“±Ó¬±, õ∂øÓ¬1é¬± ’±1n∏ ’±ˆ¬…ôL1œÌŒé¬SÓ¬ ¸≈μ1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± fl¡1± √1„√√œ 1Ê√±¸fl¡˘ øÚÀÊ√Ô±øfl¡¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø˚ ‚1 ’±øÂ√˘, Œ¸˚˛± ’±øÂ√˘ õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡˘1√À1˝◊√√ ¬ı“±˝√√-Œ¬ıÓ¬1 Œfl“¡‰¬± ±øÈ¬1 øÊ√˚˛±1º ŒÚÊ√±ÀÚ± Ó¬±fl¡ë1±Ê√fl¡±À1—í ¬ı≈ø˘¬ı ¬Û±ø1 ŒÚ ŒÚ±ª±ø1º 1Ê√± Ôfl¡± ‚À1˝◊√√˚ø√ 1±Ê√fl¡±À1— ˝√√˚˛ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ˝√√íÀ˘ ø¸ fl¡±À1—‚1 ’Ú…Ô±õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡˘ Ôfl¡± ‚11 Δ¸ÀÓ¬ 1Ê√± Ôfl¡± ‚11 Œfl¡±ÀÚ±ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¬Û±Ô«fl¡… Ú±øÂ√˘º ¬Û≈1øÌ ¶ú‘øÓ¬ ø‰¬˝êÀ¬ı±À1 Ó¬±Àfl¡¸”‰¬±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ø˚ ˜˚˛Ó¬ 1—¬Û≈1, Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1 ¬ı±À√˝◊√√ ø¬ıÊ√ÚœŒ©ÜÈ¬1 1Ê√±1 ’ˆ¬˚˛±¬Û≈1œÓ¬ fl¡±À1—„√√1 ¸‘√˙ ¬ı±¸ˆ¬ªÚ’±øÂ√˘ ŒÓ¬ÀÚÀé¬SÓ¬ øfl¡ fl¡±1ÌÓ¬ õ∂Ó¬±¬Ûœ √1„√ √œ1Ê√±¸fl¡À˘ øÚÊ√1 Ôfl¡±-Œ˜˘±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ë1±Ê√fl¡±À1—í ±øÊ√Œ˘±ª± Ú±øÂ√˘ ¬ı±1n∏∑

˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ ¬ÛÏ¬ˇ± fl¡À˘± ¬ı…øMê√À˚˛˝◊√√ Ê√±ÀÚ Œ˚ Œ¸˝◊√√¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ◊√√È¬±-ø‰¬À˜∞I◊, Œ˘±˝√√±-˘˝√√!¡11 √À1 ¬ıd Œ¬Û±ª±ÀÈ¬±’fl¡˘ fl¡©Ü ±Ò… Ú±øÂ√˘, ¬ı…˚˛ ¬ıUÀ˘± ’±øÂ√˘º ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±À¸’±˜±fl¡ fl¡˚˛ Œ˚ ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤È¬± ¬Ûfl¡œ 1±Ê√fl¡±À1— ±øÊ√¬ı1¬ı±À¬ı ˚ÀÔ©Ü ÒÚ1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ Œ¸˝◊√√ ’±È¬±˝◊√√ø‡øÚ’±À˝√√ õ∂Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 ¬Ûø1|˜1¬Û1±º ≈√©x±¬Û… ¸±˜¢∂œŒ·±È¬±›“ÀÓ¬ ¬ıU ¸˜˚˛ Œ˚ÀÚ√À1 ˘±ø·øÂ√˘, ŒÓ¬ÀÚ√À1¬ıUÊ√Ú1 õ∂±Ì ˝√√±øÚ› Δ˝√√øÂ√˘º Î¬◊»fl‘¡©Ü fl¡±ø1fl¡1œ Œ˘±fl¡’±Ú Œ√˙1 ¬Û1± ’±˜√±øÚ fl¡1±Ó¬ ˜ÀÚ±øÚÀ¬ı˙ fl¡À1±“ÀÓ¬¬ıU ˜ ˛Ó¬ Œ√ 1 õ∂·øÓ¬1 fl¡Ô± ¬Û± √√ø1 ±¬ı ·±› Δ √√øÂ√ ºøfl¡c õ∂Ê√±1 õ∂øÓ¬ Ôfl¡± ’Ù≈¬1ôL ˆ¬±˘À¬Û±ª±, √±˚˛¬ıXÓ¬±¶§œfl¡±1 ’±1n ∏ √1„√ √œ fl¡˘±-fl‘¡ø©Ü1 √À1 ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1¬Û‘á¬À¬Û±¯∏fl¡Ó¬± fl¡1± √1„√√œ 1Ê√±¸fl¡À˘ ¶§±Ô«¬Û11 √À1ˆ¬±ø¬ı¬ı ¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√ øÚÊ√1 ¬ı±À¬ı ë1±Ê√fl¡±À1—í øÚ «±Ì1 fl¡Ô±º

31

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Ó¬±1 ¬Ûø1ªÀÓ«¬ ¬Û‘á¬À¬Û± ∏fl¡Ó¬± fl¡ø1øÂ√ ¸±·1‡øÎ¬, ” «…‡øÎ¬’±ø√1 √À1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬¸fl¡˘fl¡ , ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ›Ê√±¬Û±ø˘Œ√›ÒÚœ1 √À1 fl¡˘±1º Δ˘ ’±ø √√øÂ√ ’¸˜1 ±øÈ¬Õ˘ ≈”√1¬¬ıeÀ√ 1 ¬Û1± ≈√·«± ¬Û”Ê√± Œ¸ ◊√√ ˜˚1 Î¬◊»fl‘¡á¬ ˜±ÚªÓ¬±¬ı±√œ˙±Mê√Ò «º ¬Û”Ê√±-¬Û±¬ı«Ì, ÷√-Ù¬±ÀÓ¬ √√± ◊√√ ø √√μ≈- ≈Â√ ˜±Ú1 ±Ê√Ó¬¸•xœøÓ¬ ·øÏ¬ˇ ŒÓ¬±˘±, ˆ¬±Ó‘¬Q1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ¸yª Δ˝√√øÂ√˘ë¬ÛÔ1n∏‚±È¬í1 √À1 Í¬± ◊√√Ó¬ ‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ 1Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘º ≈Î¬◊2‰¬¬ ≈¬Ûø1fl¡øäÓ¬ 1±Ê√fl¡±À1— Ôfl¡± ’±À √√±˜ 1±Ê√…, Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı √√±111±Ê√… ’Ô¬ı± ›‰¬11 ø¬ıÊ√Úœ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬Û±¬ıÕ˘ Ú± ◊√√ √1„√√1 √À1◊√√ ±Ú Î¬◊2‰¬ ±Ú1 fl¡˘±-fl‘¡ø©Ü ’±1n∏ ±ø √√Ó¬… 1‰¬Ú±1 fl¡Ô±º Œ¸˚±

øÚ(˚ yª Δ √√øÂ√ ¤fl¡ ±S √1„√√œ 1Ê√±¸fl¡ 1 õ∂øÓ¬ ≈ √√”Ó«¬ÀÓ¬Ôfl¡± õ∂Ê√±ø √√Ó¬fl¡1 ø‰¬ôL±, fl¡˘± ≈ ˆ¬ ≈μ1 ˜Ú ’±1n∏ ¤‡ÚÎ¬◊√±1 √√+√ Ôfl¡±1 ¬ı±À¬ıÀ √√º Œ¸ ◊√√¬ı±À¬ı ◊√√ √√ ÀÓ¬± ¬Û1± Ú·í˘¶§±ÒœÀÚ±M√√1 fl¡±˘Ó¬ √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ’ √√±ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±1 1±Ê√…¬Û±˘ Ê√˚˛1±˜ √±¸ Œ√Ã˘Ó¬1±˜fl¡ ¤øÈ¬ë1±Ê√fl¡±À1—í Œ√‡≈ª±¬ıÕ˘º Œ¸ ◊√√ø√Ú± ˜ÚÕ˘ Œ‡√ ’±ø √√øÂ√ ,

øfl¡ø=Ó¬ √√íÀ˘› ±Ê√ ¬Û± ◊√√øÂ√À “± ≈≈√1 &Ê√1±È¬1 Œ˘±fl¡ ’¸˜11±Ê√…¬Û±˘Ê√Úfl¡ √1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ’ √√±Ó¬ ¤Àfl¡±Àfl¡Œ√‡≈ª±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’±1n∏ ë1±Ê√fl¡±À1—í ¬ı≈ø˘¬ıÕ˘ ë˜±øÈ¬1Œfl“¡‰¬± Œˆ¬øÈ¬í ¤È¬±1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ øÔ˚ fl¡1±›“ÀÓ¬º øfl¡c ’±øÊ√ø¬ıÀù≠ ∏Ì fl¡ø1 √√+√ e˜ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√±“ ñ øfl¡˜±Ú :±Úœ, øfl¡˜±Úõ∂Ê√± √1√œ ’±øÂ√ Œ¸ ◊√√ fl¡˘ ˙±¸fl¡º Œ¸À˚À √√ √√ ÀÓ¬±◊√√øÓ¬ √√±À¸ fl¡íÀÓ¬± Œfl¡±ª± Ú± ◊√√ √1„√√œ 1Ê√± Œ¶§26√±‰¬±1œ ’±øÂ√ ,

√1„√√œ 1Ê√± ◊√√ õ∂Ê√±fl¡ Œ˙± ∏Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘º ◊√√øÓ¬ √√±À¸ Úfl¡ ˛√1„√√œ 1Ê√±1 ˙±¸Ú fl¡±˘Ó¬ w©Ü±‰¬±1, ≈√1±‰¬±1 Œ˝√√±ª± ¬ı≈ø˘º1994 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ Ú·1¬ı± √√œÓ¬ õ∂ ±¸ —‚1 Î¬◊À√…±·Ó¬ Î¬◊ƒ√ ±ø¬ÛÓ¬¸À√Ã Ú·1¬ı± √√œ ÷√ øij˘ÚœÓ¬ Œ˚±·√±Ú fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ „√√ Õ√˜˝√√±ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛1 ’ª¸1õ∂±5 ’Ò…é¬ Œ˜±1 |X±1 ’±s≈˘˜øÊ√√ Î¬±„√√1œ˚˛±fl¡ fl¡1± õ∂ùü ë’±“Í≈¬1 ø‚˘± fl¡Ï¬ˇ± √1„√√œ1Ê√±¸fl¡˘1 øfl¡ ˛ 1±Ê√fl¡±À1— Ú±øÂ√ í Î¬◊M√√1 √√ ˛ÀÓ¬± ¤ ˛± ◊√√ºÓ¬Ô±ø¬Û ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸1 ¤ÀÚÀ¬ı±1 fl¡Ô± ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì fl¡1±1 ’±øÒfl¡Ô˘ ’±ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬±ø¬ı¬ı ¬Û±ø1º

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øÚÓ¬…±Úμ ¬ı˜«Ú

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Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì1 ¬Û‘á¬À¬Û±¯∏fl¡Ó¬±Ó¬ ’¸˜1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ¸±ø˝√√øÓ¬…fl¡¸˜±Ê√ ¸—¶®±1fl¡ ¿˜ôL ˙—fl¡1À√Àª Ê√œªÚ1 Œ˙¯∏fl¡±˘Õ˘Àfl¡ Œfl¡±‰¬ ø¬ı˝√√±1ÀÓ¬ ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ‰¬‰«¬± fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ˝◊√√˚˛±1Î¬◊¬Ûø1› fl¡˜ÀÓ¬ù´1 ≈√ « ¬Ú±1±˚Ì1 ¬Û‘á¬À¬Û± ∏fl¡Ó¬± ±ˆ¬ fl¡1±õ∂±flƒ¡ —fl¡1œ ≈·1 fl¡ø¬ı Œ˝√√˜ 1¶§Ó¬œ ’±1n∏ √√ø1¬ı1 ø¬ıõ∂˝◊√√¸±ø √√Ó¬… ‰¬‰«¬± fl¡ø1øÂ√ º ◊√√ ±Ó¬ fl¡˜Ó¬±¬Û≈11 Œfl¡±‰¬-1Ê√±¸fl¡˘1¬Û‘á¬À¬Û± ∏fl¡Ó¬± ±ˆ¬ fl¡1± fl¡ø¬ı¸fl¡˘1 ‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ õ∂˜±øÌfl¡ø¬ı¯∏˚˛¸˜”˝√√ Î¬◊¬Û¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡1± √√í˘ ñ

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fl¡˜Ó¬±˜G˘ ≈√ « ¬ Ú±1± ˛ÌÚ‘¬Û¬ı1 ’Ú≈¬Û±˜ºÓ¬± √√±Ú 1±Ê√…Ó¬ 1n∏^ 1¶§Ó¬œŒ√ª˚±Úœ fl¡Ú…± Ú±˜ººÓ¬± √√±Ú Ó¬Ú ˛ Œ˝√√˜ 1¶§Ó¬œÒËn∏ª1 ’Ú≈Ê√ ¬±˝◊√√º¬Û√¬ıÀg ŒÓ¬À √√± õ∂‰¬±1 fl¡ø1˘±¬ı±˜Ì ¬Û≈1±Ì ‰¬± ◊√√ººõ∂Ø√√±√ ‰¬ø1Ó¬ ø¬ı¯≈û1 ˜˝√√±R… õ∂fl¡±˙fl¡ ¢∂Löº

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Ó¬± √√±Ú 1±Ê√…Ó¬ øÔÓ¬¡ ±Ò≈Ê√Ú ÀÚ±ÚœÓ¬’ù´À˜Ò ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ±1º

ø¬ıõ∂ √√ø1¬ı1 fl¡˝◊√√ Œ·Ã1œ1 ‰¬1Ì Œ¸˝◊√√¬Û√¬ıÀg fl¡ø1˘± õ∂‰¬±1ºº

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Ú‘¬Û ø˙À1±˜øÌ Œ√ª √√±˜±Úœ≈√ « ¬Ú±1± ˛Ì 1±Ê√±º

ÚÀÓ¬ ¬Û≈SªÀÓ¬ ¬Û±ø˘˘ Ó¬ÀÓ¬

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Œ^±Ì¬Û¬ı« ¬Û√ Ê√˚˛^Ô ¬ıÒŒfl¡ÃÓ≈¬ √√À˘ øÚ·ø√Ó¬ºº

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ëë¬ ¬Û1˜ 1ø¸fl¡ &1n∏ ¿qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1±Ê√± Ú‘¬ÛøÓ¬ õ∂Ò±Ú

Ê√ ˛øÓ¬ Ê√ ˛øÓ¬ øÚÓ¬… ÷ù´1 fl‘¡¯ûfl¡Œfl¡ø˘-˘œ˘± 1¸ Ê√±Úººíí

˜±ÒªÀ√ª – ˙—fl¡1À√ª1 øõ∂˚˛fl¡ ’Ú≈·Ó¬ ø˙¯∏…,ø¬ıù´±¸À˚±·… ’±1n∏ øÚá¬±ˆ¬±Ê√Ú Î¬◊M√√1±øÒfl¡±1œ Ó¬Ô± ’Ú…Ó¬˜õ∂Ò±Ú ¸—·œ ˜±ÒªÀ√ª ’±øÂ√˘ ÚªÕ¬ı¯ûª ˚≈·1 ¤·1±fl¡œ

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ø˚ Ò±Ó≈¬ ’±øÚÀ˘ Œ¸ ◊√√ ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡fl¡ fl¡± « ¬±1 ø√ ˛±˝√√í˘º ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ê√ÀÚ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ò±Ó≈¬ ’±øÚÀ˘º Ú1Ú±1±˚˛ÀÌ’±øÚÀ˘ ±øÈ¬ ’±1n∏ qflv¡Ò√ıÀ√ ’±øÚÀ˘ ’¶a ’Ô«±» Œ˘± √√±ºŒ¸ ◊√√ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ìfl¡ Œ¬ı˝√√±1 1±Ê√…1 1Ê√± ¬Û±øÓ¬ ø√ ˛±˝√√í˘ ’±1n∏ qflv¡ Ò√ıÊ√ ›1ÀÙ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛fl¡ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1≈ª1±Ê√ ø √√‰¬±À¬ı ’øˆ¬ø ∏Mê√ fl¡1± √√í˘º ŒÓ¬›“ õ∂Ò±Ú˜Laœ ’±1n∏

Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬1 fl¡Ó«¬¬ı… ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º ø‰¬˘±1± ˛ ŒÎ¬fl¡±1±Ê√±,ŒÂ√±È¬ 1±Ê√±, Œ√ª±Ú, ˜1 ø¸—˝√√, —¢∂±˜ ø¸—˝√√, Ú≈Ú≈, fl¡± ◊√√Ó¬øfl¡— [¤Î¬ª±Î«¬ Œ·˝◊√√ÀÈ¬ ¸À•§±øÒÓ¬ Ú±˜], qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ ’±ø√ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ú±À˜À1 ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ ’±øÂ√ ø√› ø‰¬˘±1±˚1 Ú±˜ÀÈ¬±ÀÓ¬ŒÓ¬›“ Œ¬ıøÂ√ ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬º

qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 Ú±˜ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ¤È¬± fl¡±1ÀÌ’±ÀÂ√º Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì 1Ê√± ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ˚≈ª1±Ê√ Œ˝√√±ª±1ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ø¬ÛÓ‘¬ ø¬ıù´ø¸— √√1 Œfl¡±‰¬ ±•⁄±Ê√… ø¬ıô¶±11 ’¬Û”Ì« ’±˙±¬Û”1Ì fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ¸±Ê≈√ ˝√√í¬ıÕ˘ Òø1À˘º Œ¸˝◊√’ÀÔ« Ú1Ú±1±˚˛ÀÌ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ 1±Ê√ ·±ˆ¬1n∏ ‡“± ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛fl¡’±À √√±˜ 1±Ê√… ’±Sê˜Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¬ÛÍ¬±˚º ’±À √√±˜1 ŒÎ¬À¬ı1±¬ı1n∏ª± Œfl¡Àfl¡±1± ¬Û±S Ú±À˜ ¤Ê√Ú øÚ¬Û≈Ì Œ˚±X± ’±øÂ√˘ºøfl¡c ¬ıœ1 qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ Ï¬±˘ ‚≈1±˝◊√√ ¤Àfl¡ Ê√±À¬Û ·Î¬ˇ ¬Û±1 Δ˝√√ø¬ı¬Ûé¬fl¡ ¬Û1±ˆ¬”Ó¬ fl¡1±Ó¬ ø¬ı¬Ûé¬ ’±À˝√√±˜¸fl¡À˘ Â√Sˆ¬—·ø√øÂ√ º øÚÊ√1 ø¬ı‰¬é¬Ì ¬ı≈øX ’±1n∏ ’ˆ¬”Ó¬¬Û”¬ı« 1ÌÕÚ¬Û≈Ì…Ó¬±À1≈ª1±ÀÊ√ ’øÓ¬ fl¡˜ ˜ ˛1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ ø‰¬˘± ‰¬1± ◊√√1 √À1 ŒÂ“√±

˜±ø1 ¤‡Ú1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ’±Ú ¤‡Ú 1±Ê√… Ê√ ˛ fl¡1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ŒÓ¬›“

37

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

ëø‰¬˘±1±˚˛í Ú±À˜À1 ’±‡…±ø˚˛Ó¬ √√˚˛º ŒÓ¬›“1 Ú±˜ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√Œ˝√√±ª±À1± ¤È¬± fl¡±1Ì Ôfl¡± ¬ı≈ø˘ ’Ó¬œÓ¬1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬¸fl¡À˘Ò±1Ì± fl¡À1º ˝√√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì ’±1n∏ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛±’¸˜ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ’±øÂ√ , ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ’±À √√±˜¸fl¡˘1¬Û√±øÓ¬fl¡ ¬ı±ø √√ÚœÓ¬ ¤È¬± qfl≈¡˘± √√±Ó¬œ Œ√‡± ¬Û± ◊√√øÂ√ º ø¬ÛÂ√Õ˘Œ¬ı √√±1 1±Ê√…Ó¬ õ∂Ó¬…±ªÓ«¬Ú1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±À˚ ’±À √√±˜ Δ¸Ú…fl¡¬Û1±ô¶ fl¡ø1 Œ¸ ◊√√ √√±Ó¬œÀÈ¬±Àfl¡± ·Ó¬ Δ˘ ± ˛ ¬ı±À¬ı ŒÓ¬›“1Ú±˜ √√˚˛ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√º

’¸˜1 ’±À √√±˜ 1±Ê√1 ’Ó¬…±‰¬±1Ó¬ ’øÓ¬á¬ Δ √√˙—fl¡1À√ª Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Œ¬ı˝√√±1 1±Ê√…Õ˘ ’±À˝√√ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± õ∂Ô˜√ «ÚÀÓ¬ ‹ù´ø1fl¡ øMê√ •Ûiß ŒÓ¬Ê√¬ı±Ú ’±1n∏ √√±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏1˘é¬Ì˚≈Mê√ —fl¡1À√ª1 õ∂øÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ õ∂ˆ¬±øªÓ¬ Δ˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1ºø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ˙—fl¡1À√ª1 ¸1n∏ ˆ¬±˝◊√√ Ê√·Ó¬±Úμ ¬ı± 1±˜ 1±˚˛1Ê√œÀ˚˛fl¡ fl¡˜˘±øõ∂˚˛± ˆ¬≈ªÀÚù´1œ1 1+¬Û&Ì1 fl¡Ô± qøÚø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ Œ˜±ø˝√√Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì, ˙—fl¡1À√ª1Ó¬»¬Û1Ó¬±Ó¬ ¤¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ ˆ¬≈ªÀÚù´1œ1 ¬Û±øÌ ¢∂˝√√Ìfl¡À1º ¬ÛPœ1 ≈‡Ó¬ —fl¡1À√ª ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬ ·œÓ¬ qøÚ ø‰¬˘±1± ˛˜ √√±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏Ê√Ú1 õ∂øÓ¬ ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚¬ı±11 fl¡±1ÀÌ ’±fl¡ø ∏«Ó¬ √√ ’±1n∏ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¤fl¡±ôL øÚá¬± ’±1n∏ |X± √√fl¡±À1 &1n∏Ê√Ú±1 ›‰¬1Ó¬˙1Ì ˘˚˛ ’±1n∏ ˙—fl¡1œ Ò˜«1 õ∂‰¬±1 ’±1n∏ õ∂¸±11 ˝√√Àfl¡¬Û‘á¬À¬Û± ∏fl¡Ó¬± fl¡À1º

ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 1‚≈À√ª Ú±À˜À1 ¤øÈ¬ ¬Û≈S ¸ôL±ÀÚ±›¬ÛÀÊ√º ’±À˝√√±˜ 1±Ê√…1 ¬ı…±øˆ¬‰¬±1Ó¬ øÓ¬øá¬¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1˙—fl¡1À√ª Œ˚øÓ¬ ˛± Œ¬ı √√±1 1±Ê√…Õ˘ ’±ø √√ , Œ¬ı √√±1 1±Ê√…1¬ıË±p¡Ì ¬ÛøGÓ¬¸Àª› 1Ê√± Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ìfl¡ ˙—fl¡11 ø¬ı1n∏ÀXÚ±Ú± ø˜Â√± ’¬Û¬ı±√ ·±À˘º 1Ê√± ◊√√À˚± —fl¡1 Œ√± ∏œ ±¬ı…ô¶˝√√íÀ˘ ...... ‰¬±À˘À1 √±˜±˜± ¬ıÊ√±˜.... í ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡íÀ˘º øfl¡c1±Ê√ ˆ¬±Ó¬ õ∂Àª˙1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ —fl¡1À√ª1 ¬ı…øMê√Q Ó¬Ô± ŒÓ¬›“1≈‡Ó¬ ë˜Ò≈√±Úªí Ú±˜1 Œô¶±SøÈ¬1 Ò≈1 ’±¬ı‘øM√√ qøÚ ø¬ı ≈*

1Ê√±˝◊√√ ŒÓ¬›“ ¬ıø˝√√¬ıÕ˘ ’±¸Ú ø√¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı…øÓ¬¬ı…ô¶ ˝√√í˘º ¤˝◊√√ø¬ı ∏ Ó¬ ≈ª1±Ê√ ø‰¬˘±1±˚1 ¬”ø˜fl¡±› ’±øÂ√ Î¬◊À~‡À˚±·…ºfl¡±1Ì 1Ê√±˝◊√√ ˙—fl¡1À√ªfl¡ øfl¡¬ı± ˙±øô¶ õ∂√±Ú fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1¬ı≈ø˘ ¬±øª ŒÓ¬›“ ’±·Ó¬œ˚˛±Õfl¡À˚˛ &1n∏À√ª1 Ê√œªÚ ëÚ…±¸í

¶§1+À¬Û ¢∂ √√Ì fl¡ø1À √√ 1Ê√±1 ˜œ¬ÛÕ˘ ŒÓ¬›“fl¡ ¬ÛøÍ¬˚± ◊√√øÂ√ º1ÌøÚ¬Û≈Ì ¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚ ’±øÂ√ ¤Àfl¡Ò±À1 ¤Ê√Ú

’Ó¬œª ¬ı…øMê√Q¸•Ûiß, õ∂øÓ¬ˆ¬±Ò1 Ó¬Ô± ¬ÛøGÓ¬˜Ú… ¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ºŒÓ¬›“ 1±Ê√fl¡±˚« ’±1n∏ ˚≈XÓ¬ ¸√±¬ı…ô¶ Δ˝√√ Ô±øfl¡À˘› ë√1—1±Ê¬ı—˙±ª˘œí1 Î¬◊À~‡˜ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬›“ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ¸˜˚˛ ¢∂Lö±ø√’Ò… ˛ÚÀÓ¬± ¬ı… ˛ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º —¶‘®Ó¬ ±¶a øÚ¬Û≈Ú ø‰¬˘±1± ˛fl¡¬ÛøGÓ¬ õ∂ª1 Ê√˚˛À√ª1 ë·œÓ¬ Œ·±ø¬ıμí1 1‰¬Ú±1œøÓ¬11¸˜˚˛Ó¬±˝◊√ √ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ’±fl¡ø¯∏«Ó¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ , Œ¸À˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“¸¬ı«¸±Ò±1Ì ¬Û±Í¬fl¡1 ’Ò…˚˛Ú1 ¸≈ø¬ıÒ±ÀÔ« ¸˝√√Ê√ ˆ¬±¯∏±À1¸—¶‘®Ó¬Ó¬ ë¸±1ªÓ¬œí Ú±˜1 ¬± ∏… õ∂dÓ¬ fl¡ø1 øÚÊ√1 õ∂øÓ¬ˆ¬±’±1n∏ ¬Û±øGÓ¬…1 øÚ√˙«Ú ¤ø1 ΔÔ Δ·ÀÂ√º ˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏ ¿˜ôL˙—fl¡1À√Àª ë1±˜ø¬ıÊ√˚˛í Ú±È¬fl¡Ó¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1 &Ì ¬ı‡±øÚ¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ ñ

ë ¬Û1˜1ø¸fl¡ &1n∏– ¿qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√1±Ê√± Ú‘¬ÛøÓ¬ õ∂Ò±Ú±ºÊ√˚˛Ó≈¬ Ê√˚˛Ó≈¬ øÚÓ¬…– ÷ù´1 fl‘¡¯ûfl¡Œfl¡ø˝√√ œ˘± 1¸ Ê√±Ú±ºº

’±Àfl¡Ã, 1±˜fl¡ ¬Û1˜ ˆ¬fl¡øÓ¬ 1¸ Ê√±Ú±º¿qflv¡ Ò√ıÊ√ Ú‘¬ÛøÓ¬ õ∂Ò±Ú±ºº1±˜fl¡¬ ø¬ıÊ√À˚˛± fl¡1±ªÓ¬ Ú±È¬ºø˜˘fl¡ Ó¬±À˝√√fl¡ Δ¬ıfl≈¡Ffl¡ ¬ı±È¬ººí

¤˝◊√√ Œ˘‡ÚœÙ“¬±øfl¡1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ qflv¡Ò√ıÀÊ√ ë1±˜ø¬ıÊ√ í Ú±È¬ ø˘‡±1 Œé¬SÓ¬ Œõ∂1Ì± Œ˚±À·±ª±1 ·ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬›“11±Ê√…Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ Ú±È¬fl¡1 ’øˆ¬Ú˚˛ fl¡À1±ª±1 fl¡Ô±› ¬¬õ∂fl¡±˙¬Û± ◊√√ÀÂ√º

Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ Œ√˙ ’øˆ¬˚±Ú1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1¬¬ıœ1Q Ó¬Ô± ’±R ij±ÚÀ¬ı±Ò1 ’±ˆ¬±¸ Œ¬Û±ª± ±˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√Œ¬ıø˘ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ ’±Sê˜Ì1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ’ÀÚfl¡ ø√Ú ˚≈X fl¡ø1ŒÓ¬›“1 Δ¸Ú… √˘ ˝√±ø1˘º ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ øÚˆ¬«À˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ1±Ê√ ¬Û±»Â√±˝√√1 ¬ıμœQ ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1À˘º ¬Û±»Â√±˝√√1Â√ôL1œ¸fl¡À˘ Œ˚øÓ¬ ˛± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡fl¡ Œ˘±1 ø˙fl¡ø˘À1 ¬ı±øg¬ıÒø1øÂ√ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚± ø‰¬˘±1±À˚ ¤ ◊√√√À1 Δfl¡øÂ√ , ¬Û1±øÊ√Ó¬ Δ √√ ≈—¬ı≈ø˘˚± ’±˜±fl¡ ≈√‡œfl¡ Œ˘± √√±1 øÂ√fl¡˘ ø√ ± ¬ı±Àg±Ú, ŒÓ¬±˜±fl¡

38

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

øÒfl¡!í ¤ÀÚ√À1 Œfl¡±ª±Ó¬ ø¸˝√√“Ó¬fl¡ Œ¸±Ì1 ø˙fl¡ø˘À1 ¬ı±øg’ÀÚfl¡ ¸ij±Ú ¸˝√√fl¡±À1 1‡± ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ‚È¬Ú±øÈ¬À˚˛ õ∂˜±Ìfl¡À1 Œ˚ ¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ’±R ˜˚«±√± øfl¡˜±Ú Œ¬ıøÂ√º

˜±ÚªÓ¬±À¬ı±Ò1 ‰”¬Î¬±ôL øÚ√ «ÀÚ± ø‰¬˘±1±À˚ Œ·ÃÎ¬1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬ıμœ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ Ôfl¡±1 ˜˚˛ÀÓ¬ ø√À˚˛º ¤ø√Ú Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇÚ¬ı±¬ı ¬Û±»Â√±˝√√ ›1ÀÙ¬ ‰≈¬À˘˝◊√√˜±Ú fl¡11±øÌ1 ˜±fl¡fl¡ ¸±À¬Û√—˙Ú fl¡À1 , 1±Ê√…1 ø˚˜±Úø¬ı˘±fl¡ Î¬±„√√1 Î¬±„√√1 ›Ê√±,fl¡ø¬ı1±Ê√, ÒÚôL1œ ’±øÂ√˘, fl¡À˘±Àª »¬ÛÀ1±Ú±øô¶ Ê√1±-Ù≈¬fl¡± fl¡ø1À˘º øfl¡c Œ1±ø·Úœ1 ’ª¶ö±1 fl¡Ì˜±ÀÚ± Î¬◊ißøÓ¬¬Ûø1˘øé¬Ó¬ Ú √√í˘º ¤ ◊√√ ’ª¶ö± Œ√ø‡ ≈√–ø(ôL±¢∂¶ö Ú¬ı±¬ı √√±¸˜¸…±Ó¬ ¬Ûø1˘º ’±·-¬Û±Â√ ˆ¬±øª &øÌ ŒÓ¬›“ ¤¬ı±1 ¬ıμœø‰¬˘±1± ˛Àfl¡± ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏À ˛ Ê√Ú± ◊√√ ◊√√ ˛±1 øfl¡¬ı± ¬Ûø1S±Ì ’±ÀÂ√ŒÚøfl¡ Ó¬±1 ø¬ı ∏À ˛ Ê√±øÚ¬ı ø¬ı‰¬±ø1À˘º ø‰¬˘±1±À ˛› ŒÓ¬øÓ¬ ˛±˙Sn∏Ó¬±1 ˜ÀÚ±ˆ¬±ª ¬Ûø1Ó¬…±· fl¡ø1 ø¬ıÚ± ø¡ZÒ± ’±1n∏øÚ–¸—Àfl¡±À‰¬ Ú¬ı±¬ı ±Ó‘¬fl¡ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± fl¡1±1 ’±¢∂ √√ Œ√‡≈ª±À˘’±1n∏ ’ªÀ˙ ∏Ó¬ Œ1±· øÚ1±˜ ˛Ó¬ Ù¬À˘± √√í˘º À· À·ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ ¬ıμœQ1 ¬Û1± ≈øMê√ ¬Û±À˘º ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊¬Û˝√√±11Ù¬˘¶§1+À¬Û Ú¬ı±¬ı1 Ó¬1Ù¬1 ¬Û1± ŒÓ¬›“ ¬Û≈1¶®±1 1+À¬Û ’ÀÚfl¡ˆ¬”ø˜ 1±Ê√…, ¤Ê√Úœ fl¡Ú…±, ” …ª±Ú Ò±Ó≈¬, √√œ1±, 1Ê√Ó¬, 1P,¬ı¶a, √√±Ó¬œ, Œ‚“±1± ’±ø√ ±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1À˘º

˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 Ê√Ú±1 ¤˝◊√√ ’¸±˜±Ú… 1Ì ‰¬±Ó≈¬˚«…,

¬Û±øGÓ¬… ’±1n∏ ”√1√ø˙«Ó¬± &Ì1±øÊ√fl¡ ’ªÀ˘±fl¡Ú fl¡ø1¬ıœ1·1±fl¡œÀ˚˛ øfl¡√À1 ’øÓ¬ fl¡˜ ¸˜˚˛1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬¸±•⁄±Ê√…fl¡ ‘øX1 Î¬◊2‰¬ ø˙‡1Õ˘ ’±À1± √√Ì fl¡1± ◊√√øÂ√ Ó¬±1Î¬◊ ±Ú í¬ı ¬Û1± ± ˛º ’¸˜ ¬ı…±¸ ¶§1+¬Û 1±˜ 1¶§Ó¬œÀ ˛›ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛1 ë¸±1ªÓ¬œí ˆ¬±¯∏…fl¡ Œfl¡f fl¡ø1À˚˛˝◊√ √ ë·œÓ¬Œ·±ø¬ıμí1 ¬Û√ ’¸˜œ˚˛±Õ˘ ’Ú≈¬ı±√ fl¡ø1 |X±¸˝√√fl¡±À1¬ıœ1·1±fl¡œ1 Ú±˜ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√,

ë Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ì Ú‘¬ÛøÓ¬1 õ∂±Ì ¬± ◊√√º˜˝√√±1±Ê√ qflv¡Ò√ıÊ√ ±1 ˜ Ú±˝◊√√ººí

ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ Œ·ÃÎ¬ˇ 1±Ê√… ’±Sê˜Ì fl¡ø1 ø¬ıÊ√˚˛˘±ˆ¬1 Î¬◊¬ÛSê˜ fl¡À1“±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ˝√√Í¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬ı¸ôL Œ1±·Ó¬ ’±Sê±ôLΔ √√ ’±Ú≈ ±øÚfl¡ 1575 ‡Ëœ©Ü±s1 Œ√Ã˘ ¬Û”øÌ« ±1 ø√Ú± ·—·±1¬Û±1ÀÓ¬ ¬ıœ1 ·1±fl¡œÀ ˛ ◊√√˝√√˘œ˘± •§1Ì fl¡À1º

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Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Êª—˙œ Œ˘±fl¡ fl‘¡ø©Ü

ŒÎ¬øˆ¬√ 1±˚˛

¬ı‘˝√√M√√1 ’¸˜œ˚˛± Ê√±øÓ¬ Ó¬Ô± Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬±1 ˆ¬±¯∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬, ±ø √√Ó¬… ’±ø√1 ·Í¬Ú, ø¬ıfl¡±˙, õ∂¸±1Ó¬ 1±Ê√…‡Ú1’Ú…±Ú… Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ¸ ” √√1 √À1 Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡À˘±À1±’±ÀÂ√ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ’ª√±Úº ’¬Ûø1¸œ˜ ’ø1 √√Ì±º ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏Àfl¡¬Ûø(˜ ’¸˜Ó¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1± 1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 Œ˘±fl¡-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 ˆ¬“1±˘ ˝◊√√˜±ÀÚ˝◊√√ ¸˜‘øX˙±˘œ Œ˚ ¸1n∏ ¬Ûø1¸11õ∂ªg ¤È¬±Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√√ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1 Œ˙¯∏ fl¡ø1¬ıŒÚ±ª±ø1º Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û› øfl¡Â≈√ ¬ı≈È¬ø˘ ’±øÚ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘˚P fl¡ø1À˘“± ñø¬ı¯∏≈ª± – ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Δ˝√√ÀÂ√ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ªº‰¬íÓ¬ ± √√1 —Sê±øôL1 ¬Û1± ¤ ◊√√ Î¬◊»¸ª ’±1y √√ ˛ ’±1n∏ Â√ ˛¬ıí˝√√±·Õ˘ ‰¬À˘º ¸•Û”Ì« ¸±Ó¬ø√Ú Òø1 ‰¬˘± ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ˝◊√√˚˛±1’±Ú ¤È¬± Ú±˜ ˝√√í˘ ¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±º ‰¬íÓ¬1 ¸—Sê±øôL1 ø√Ú±·‘ √√¶ö ◊√√ ¬Û≈ª±ÀÓ¬ Î¬◊øÍ¬ ≈‡- √√±Ó¬ ŒÚ±ÀÒ±ª±Õfl¡ ’±·ø√Ú± ◊√√ ’±øÚŒÔ±ª± Œ¬ıÓ¬1 ¬Û±Ó¬, ø¬ı ∏fl≈¡È≈¬ø˘1 ¬Û±Ó¬ [ø¬ı √√ „√√øÚ], fl¡±Ó≈¬ø11Ù≈¬˘, √œ‚˘øÓ¬1 ¬Û±Ó¬, fl¡±Úø¸‰¬±1 ¬Û±Ó¬ [Œ^±Ì], ø¬ı ∏ÀÏ“¬fl¡œ˚±,Œˆ¬È¬˜±ø˘1 ¬Û±Ó¬ ’±1n∏ Ù≈¬˘ ’±ø√ ¤Àfl¡˘· fl¡ø1 õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ÀÈ¬±‚11 ±1˘Ó¬, ¬Û”ø˘Ó¬, Ú„√√ ± ≈‡Ó¬, Ó¬±“Ó¬˙±˘Ó¬ &øÊ√ ø√ ±˝√√˚˛º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ˘À· ˘À· ‚11 ·1n∏fl¡ ˘±Î¬◊, Œ¬ıÀ„√√Ú±1 ˜±˘±ø¬Ûg± ◊√√ ΔÚ, ø¬ı˘. ¬Û≈‡≈1œ ’±ø√Ó¬ Ú˜± ◊√√ √œ‚˘øÓ¬1 ¬Û±ÀÓ¬À1Œfl¡±¬ı± ◊√√ Œfl¡±¬ı± ◊√√ ·± Ò≈ª± ◊√√ ·1‡œ ˛± ◊√√ ¤ ◊√√√À1 ·œÓ¬ ·± ˛ ñ

˘±Î¬◊ ‡± ¬ı± ◊√·Ú ‡±¬ıÂ√À1 ¬ıÂ√À1 ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ˚˛± ±

¬ı±¬Û ¬ıÀ1± ±ª ¬ıÀ1±Ó≈¬ ◊√√ √√ ◊√√Â√ Œ˜±È¬± Ó¬±ÀÊ√±º

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øÓ¬À1±Ó¬±À¬ı±À1 ¸ôL±Ú fl¡±˜Ú± fl¡ø1 fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ¬Û”Ê√±’±·¬ıÏ¬ˇ±˚˛º fl¡±øÓ«¬Àfl¡ ¬Û”Ê√±Ó¬ c©Ü Δ˝√√ ÀÚ±¬ı±=±Ú± ¬Û”1Ìfl¡À1º øfl¡Â≈√ ±Ú ·œÓ¬ ’øÓ¬ 1¸±˘, ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ¤Ù¬±ø· ·œÓ¬ ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 ñ

fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± fl¡±Àμ fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± fl¡±Àμ˝√√±ÀÓ¬2 ÒÚ≈ ˛±º’í fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± ¤ ◊√√¬ı±À1± Ú±˝√√ ◊√√˘ ŒÓ¬±1 ø¬ı ˛±,¤ ◊√√¬ı±1 Î¬◊øÍ¬¬ı ŒÎ¬„√√1± ’ ≈fl¡fl¡ ø√ ˛±,fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± fl¡±Àμ fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± fl¡±Àμ√√±ÀÓ¬ ÒÚ≈ ˛±,

’±1 ¬ı±1 ŒÓ¬±1 ø¬ı˚˛± √√í¬ı‰¬íÀÈ¬± ¬ı ◊√√Úfl¡ ø√ ˛±’í fl¡±øÓ¬fl¡± ¤ ◊√√¬ı±À1± Ú±˝√√ ◊√√˘ ŒÓ¬±1 ø¬ı ˛±º

fl¡±øÓ¬ ±˝√√1 —Sê±øôL1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1 ’Ú… ˜˚˛Ó¬ fl¡1± fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡±¬Û”Ê√±fl¡ ¬ı± Ú‘Ó¬… ·œÓ¬fl¡ ¬Û„√√± fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡± ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√¬Û„√√± fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡± ¬Û”Ê√±Ó¬ ±Gª, ¬Û”Ê√±1 ±ªÓ¬œ ˛ ±˜¢∂œ ø‡øÚ¤Àfl¡ øfl¡c fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡ ”øM«√√1 Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ ‡˘±˘ Î¬±„√√1 ˚˛Ú±·Â√1Í¬±˘ 1n∏˝◊√√ ø√˚˛± √√˚˛º ¬Ûø1À¬ı¯∏Ú fl¡1± Ú‘Ó¬… ·œÓ¬À¬ı±1 ¤Àfl¡ºŒ·±ª±ø˘Úœ Ú‘Ó¬… – Œ·±ª±ø˘Úœ Ú‘Ó¬… ˝√ √í˘ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1 ’±Ú ¤fl¡ Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…¬Û”Ì« Œ˘±fl¡ Î¬◊»¸ªºõ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘À1 ¬Û1± fl‘¡ø ∏Ê√œøª Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ø √√ ±¸fl¡À˘’±À‚±Ì-¬Û≈˝√√ ˜±˝√√Ó¬ ˙±ø˘À‡øÓ¬ ‰¬À¬Û±ª± ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ’±ÚμÓ¬ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ú‘Ó¬… ˆ¬—·œ˜±À1 Œ·±ª±ø˘Úœ Ú‘Ó¬… fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ Ú‘Ó¬…·œÓ¬ ¬ı± Î¬◊»¸ªøÈ¬ ¬ı1 ’±Úμ ’±1n∏ Ú¢∂±ø √√º Œ·±ª±˘ sÀÈ¬±fl‘¡¯û ’±1n∏ Œ·±ª±ø˘Úœ ˙sÀÈ¬± Œ·±¬Ûœ ¸fl¡À˘±fl¡ ¸”‰¬±˚˛ºŒ¸À˚˛À˝√√ ¤˝◊√√ Ú‘Ó¬…Ó¬ ˜ø˝√√˘±¸fl¡À˘ ¤fl¡ õ∂fl¡±1 Œ·±ø¬ÛÚœ¸fl¡À˘±1 √À1 Ú‘Ó¬… ·œÓ¬À1 ¤ ◊√√ Î¬◊»¸ª ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡1± õ∂±‰¬œÚŒ˘±fl¡ ¬Û1•Û1±º ˜ø˝√√˘±¸fl¡À˘ ¤˝◊√√ Ú‘Ó¬…1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 fl‘¡ø¯∏˙¸… ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1± ‚1Ó¬ ’±øÚ qfl≈¡fl¡±, ¬1±˘Ó¬ ŒÔ±ª± ø¬ıøˆ¬ißˆ¬—·œ˜±À1 Ú‘Ó¬… ·œÓ¬ ¬Ûø1À¬ı ∏Ì fl¡À1ºfl≈¡¯∏±Ì Ú‘Ó¬… – fl≈¡¯∏±Ì Ú‘Ó¬… ˝√√í˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘1’±Ú ¤fl¡ Δ¬ıø˙©Ü…¬Û”Ì« Œ˘±fl¡ Î¬◊»¸ªº ¤ ◊√√ Ú‘Ó¬… ¬ı1 Ú¢∂± √√œ’±1n∏ Ú±μøÚfl¡º õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˘À1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡±‰¬ ¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ¸fl¡˘

¤ ◊√√ ·±Ú1 Ò±1±1 ¬ı± √√fl¡ ø √√‰¬±À¬Û ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬º Œ¸À ˛ Œfl¡±‰¬ ·±Úfl≈¡¯∏±Ì ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ·±Ú 1±˜±˚˛Ú Œfl¡øffl¡º ˘ª’±1n∏ fl≈¡˙fl¡ ¬ı±ø{jfl¡œ ≈øÚÀ˚˛ ŒÓ¬›“1 ’±|˜Ó¬ 1±˜1 Ê√ij1¬Û1± Œ˙ ∏Õ˘Àfl¡ ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡ø1 ·œÓ¬, ≈1, ˚, Ó¬±˘ ø˙fl¡± ◊√√øÂ√¬ı≈ø˘ õ∂¬ı±√ ’±ÀÂ√ºŒ¸±Ì±1±˚˛ ¬Û”Ê√± – Œ¸±Ì±1±˚˛¬ ¬Û”Ê√± ¬ı± ¬ı±‚ ¬Û”Ê√± Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˜±Ê√Ó¬ √œ‚«ø√Ú Òø1 ¬Û±˘Ú Δ √√ ’ √√± ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬Œ˘±fl¡ Î¬◊»¸ªº fl¡øÔÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ¬Û”¬ı«ÀÓ¬ √√±ø¬ı-Ê√—·˘ Œ˚øÓ¬˚±Œ¬ıøÂ√ ’±øÂ√˘ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ¬ı±‚À¬ı±À1 √√±ø¬ı1 ¬Û1± ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√·1n∏-˜í˝√√1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√À1± ø¬ıô¶±1 é¬øÓ¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏¤ÀÚ ø¬ı¬Û√1 ¬Û1± ˝√√±Ó¬ ¸±ø1¬ıÕ˘À˚˛ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ ¬ı±‚ ¬Û”Ê√± ¬ı±Œ¸±Ì±1± ˛ ¬Û”Ê√± fl¡ø1øÂ√ º Œ¸±Ì±1± ˛ √√í˘ ¬ı±‚1 ¬ ˛Ó¬ ‘ø©ÜŒ √√±ª± Œ√ªÓ¬±, ◊√√ Δ¬ıø√fl¡ Œ√ªÓ¬± Ú √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± ¬Û≈ √√ ± √√1¸—Sê±øôL1 ø√Ú1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ ’±1y √√ ’±1n∏ Œ·±ÀÈ¬ ◊√√ ¬Û≈ √√ ± √√ÀÓ¬±Œ¸±Ì±1± ˛1 õ∂Ó¬œfl¡ ŒÎ¬±1 ¤Î¬±˘ ·Ó¬ Δ˘ ‚À1 ‚À1 ±ø·Ù≈¬À1 ’±1n∏ Œ˙ ∏Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡ ≈fl¡ø˘ Í¬± ◊√√Ó¬ ¤Ê√Ú ’øˆ¬:¬ı…øMê√1 ¡Z±1± ¬Û”Ê√± fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√±1øÚÀ «Ú ø √√‰¬±À¬ı ¬ı„√√± ◊√√·±›“1 ¬ı±À‚ù´1œ øμ1Õ˘ ’±„≈√√ø˘˚±¬ı¬Û±ø1º Œ¸±Ì1±˚˛ ¬Û”Ê√±1 ·œÓ¬ ¤ÀÚ Ò1Ì1 ñ

√±√± ¬ıÀ˘±1±˜ Œ˝√√ √√±ø¸˚˛± fl¡±Ô± fl¡˚˛≈√–˙±¸Úœ ¬ı±‚ ˚˛± Ú±ø˜˘ Œ¸±Ì±1±˚˛,¬ı±‚ Ú±ø˜˘À1 ’À1 ø‰¬øÓ¬ ˛±-¬Û±À‡1±Œˆ¬±1 ø¬ı˝√√±ÀÚ Ú±ø˜˘ ¬ı±‚ ±Ú≈¯∏ fl¡±À˜1±º¸Ó¬… Í¬±fl≈¡1 Œ¸±Ì±1±˚˛ ·±˝◊√√1ô¶fl¡ Œ√ Ó≈¬˝◊√√ ¬ı1Ò±ÀÚ Ò±ÀÚ ¬ı±Ï¬ˇfl¡ ø·ø1 ‰¬f ø√¬ı±fl¡1Œ·± ◊√√À˘ ¬ı±Ï¬≈fl¡ ·1n∏ ·± ◊√√, Œ·±˘±Ó¬ ¬ı±Ï¬≈fl¡ Ò±Ú¸˜±ÀÊ√ √1¬ı±À1 ¬ı±Ï¬ˇ≈fl¡ ¬ı±È¬± ¬1± ¬Û±ÚºŒ·± ◊√√À˘ ¬ı±Ï¬≈fl¡ ·1n∏ ·± ◊√√, Ê√±„√√±À˘ ¬ı±Ï¬≈fl¡ ±Î¬◊ø·ø1‚À11 øMê√ ≈√‰¬˜Ú ¬ı±À‚ Òø1˚˛± ‡±˚˛º

·±Ê«√± ¬Û”Ê√± – ·±Ê«√± ¬Û”Ê√± ” Ó¬– ·±›“1 1± ◊√√ÀÊ√ ” √√œ˚±ˆ¬±Àª¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√±Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œ√ª-Œ√ªœfl¡ ¤Àfl¡˘À·¬Û”Ê√± fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± ’±Àfl¡Ã ≈√˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡±11 Œ·±-¬Û”Ê√±’±1n∏ ¬ˆ¬±¸±øÚ ¬Û”Ê√± SêÀ˜ ’±À‚±Ì ’±1n∏ ŒÊ√Í¬ ±˝√√Ó¬ ¬ÛÓ¬±

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√√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√±Ó¬ ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏Õfl¡ 1± ◊√√Ê√1 ’¬Û± ˛-’˜—·˘ ’±èŒ¬ı˜±1 ’±Ê√±1 ’±ø√ Ú±˙ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¬ÛÓ¬± √√˚˛º’±· ’±Ú± – ’±· ’±Ú± Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¸˜±Ê√1 fl‘¡ø¯∏1˘·Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ Ôfl¡± Î¬◊»¸ªº ¤ ◊√√ ’±· ’±Ú±1 ¬Û1± ◊√√ ¬ÛÔ±11Œ¸±Ì&øÈ¬ ‚1Õ˘ ’Ú±1 ¬Û¬ı« ’±1y √√ º ¤ ◊√√ Î¬◊»¸ª ’±À‚±Ì˜±˝√√1 ¬±˘ ø√Ú-¬ı±1 ¤È¬± ‰¬±˝◊√√ ¬ÛÓ¬± √√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√±1 ø√Ú±·‘˝√¶ö˝◊√√ ‚1‡Ú ¸±ø1-˜ø‰¬ qX fl¡1±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¤È¬± ¬Û±SÓ¬¬Û”Ê√±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ±˜¢∂œ Œ˚ÀÚ ñ Ó¬±À˜±˘-¬Û±Ì, ‰¬±Î¬◊ 1&ø1, Œ¸μ≈1, Ô≈ø1 fl¡˘1 ¬Û±Ó¬, fl“¡±ø‰¬ ’±ø√ ±˜¢∂œ ¬ÛÔ±1Õ˘Δ˘ Œ˚±ª± ˝√√˚˛º ¬ÛÔ±1Õ˘ Δ· Œ¬Û±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√ÀÓ¬ Δ˘ Œ˚±ª±¬ıd¸ ” √√ øfl¡Â≈√ ÚœøÓ¬-øÚ ˛ 1 ±ÀÊ√À1 ’±·¬ıÀÏ¬ˇ±ª± √√ ˛º Ó¬±1ø¬ÛÂ√ÀÓ¬ fl¡˘1 ¬Û±ÀÓ¬À1 øÓ¬øÚ·Â√œ Ò±Ú Œ˜ø1˚± ◊√√ fl“¡±ø‰¬À1 fl¡±øÈ¬¬Û±SÓ¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ ‚1Õ˘ øÚ˚˛± ˝√√˚˛º ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± ˝√√í˘¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1± ø‡˜œfl¡ ‚1Õ˘ ’Ú±, Œ¸À˚˛À˝√√ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1±’±ø˝√√ ‚1 Œ¸±˜±À˚˛˝◊√√ ‚11 √≈ª±1‡Ú ¬ıg fl¡ø1 ø√˚˛± ˝√√˚˛,Œ˘±fl¡ø¬ıù´±¸ ’Ú≈ ø1 ¬ıg Úfl¡ø1À˘ ø‡˜œ ’± ◊√√ ‚11 ¬Û1±›˘±˝◊√√ ˚±˚˛º Ó¬±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1 ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˚±›ÀÓ¬ ¬ı±’± √√ÀÓ¬ ¬ı±È¬Ó¬ fl¡±À1± ·Ó¬ fl¡Ô± ¬Û±øÓ¬¬ı Ú±¬Û±˚ ¬ı± ø¬ÛÂ√Ù¬±À˘‚≈ø1 Œ‰¬±ª±› øÚÀ ∏Òº Ú √√íÀ˘ ø‡˜œ ’± ◊√√À ˛ ‡— fl¡À1 ¬ı≈ø˘Ê√Ú ø¬ıù´±¸ ¤È¬± ’±ÀÂ√º˘À‡±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1 – ˘À‡±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1 ¬Û”Ê√± Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ

¸˜±Ê√1 ’±Ú ¤fl¡ Î¬◊À~‡Úœ ˛ Œ˘±fl¡ fl‘¡ø©Üº ±À‡±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1˝√√í˘ ·1‡œ˚˛±¸fl¡˘1 1Ê√±º ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊»¸ª ˜”˘Ó¬– ‚11·± ◊√√Ê√Úœ1 Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ Ê√±ø·À˘ ’±À ˛±Ê√Ú fl¡1± √√ ˛º ÚªÊ√±Ó¬Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ÀÈ¬±Àª ±fl¡1 õ∂Ô˜ ≈√*¬Û±Ú fl¡1±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ·‘˝√√¶ö˝◊√√·±‡œ1 ‡œ1±˝◊√√ Œ¸˝◊√√ø‡øÚ ¬Û·±˝◊√√ ëŒÙ¬‰≈¬í Ú±˜1 ¤ø¬ıÒ ‡±√…õ∂dÓ¬ fl¡À1º ŒÙ¬‰≈¬ ’±Àfl¡Ã ’±Ú Ò1ÀÌÀ1› õ∂ô¶±Ó¬ fl¡1±˝√√˚˛º ‰≈¬„√√±Ó¬ ˆ¬1±˝◊√√º ·‘˝√√¶ö˝◊√√ ¸øg˚˛±1 ˆ¬±·Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ŒÙ¬‰≈¬õ∂¸±√ø‡øÚ Œ‰¬±Ó¬±˘Ó¬ Ôfl¡± √√ø1 øμ1Ó¬ ±À‡±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1Õ˘’±·¬ıÏ¬ˇ± ˛º Œ˘±fl¡ø¬ıù´±¸ ’Ú≈ ø1 Œ¸ ◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± Úfl¡ø1À˘ ø√Œfl¡øÓ¬˚±¬ı± ¤1±˘ ø‰¬ø„√√ ·± ◊√√ Œ √√1±˚, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚± ±À‡±˘ 1Ê√± ◊√√·±˝◊√√Ê√Úœfl¡ fl≈¡ª±˝◊√√ 1±À‡º ·‘˝√√¶ö˝◊√√ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 √√±˝√√±fl¡±1 fl¡ø1¬ı˘·± √√ ˛º Œ¸À ˛À˝√√ ±À‡±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1fl¡ c©Ü fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ¸ ◊√√¬Û”Ê√± fl¡1± √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√±Ó¬ Ê√ij Œ √√±ª± Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ÀÈ¬±fl¡ ±ÀÓ¬Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ø √√—¶⁄ Ê√œª-Ê√cÀª ’øÚ©Ü fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1 Ó¬±1 ¬ı±À¬ıø˙˚˛±˘ Í¬±fl≈¡1Õ˘ ¤ˆ¬±· õ∂¸±√ ’±·¬ıÀÏ¬ˇ±ª± √√˚˛º◊√√ ˛±1 ¬ı±ø √√À1› ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ ŒÙ¬˘±, ¬Û± √√±1 ¬Û”Ê√±, ’±‡± ¬Û”Ê√±,

fl¡Ï¬ˇ±-fl¡øÏ¬ˇ ¬Û”Ê√±, fl≈¡˙±Ì Ú‘Ó¬…, ¬±ª± ◊√√·œÓ¬, Ú ˛±Úù´1œ ·œÓ¬,Úª±iß, Œ·±ª±ø˘Úœ Ú‘Ó¬…, ¬ı“±˙œ ¬Û≈1±Ì, fl¡±øÓ¬ ·±Â√±, Ò≈ª±øÚ,1±‡±˘ ¬±Ó¬ ’±ø√À ˛› Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ1 —¶‘®øÓ¬1 ¬“1±˘‰¬˝√√fl¡œ fl¡ø1 1‡±1 ·ÀÓ¬ Œ¸˝◊√√ •Û√1±øÊ√À˚˛ Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬±1¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 øˆ¬ißÓ¬± õ∂√±Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

ŒÎ¬øˆ¬Î¬ 1±˚˛, Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ —¶ö±1 ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ •Û±√fl¡º

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Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıÀe ˙Ç1Àª › ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√Àª1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√…

Î¬ 0 √œ¬Ûfl¡ fl≈¡˜±1 1±˚˛1±˚˛À·±? ø¬ıù´ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛

˜ √√±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ Ç1À√Àª1 ¤fl¡±ôL ’Ú≈·±˜œ õ∂Ò±Ú ø˙ ∏…˜±Ò¬ıÀ√ªº qÒ≈ ±S Δ¬ı¯ûª Ò « õ∂‰¬±1 ◊√√ Ú˚ Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ı« ¬±1ÀÓ¬ø˙ä-¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…-¸—¶®øÓ¬1 ◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±À¸› &1n∏ ø˙À¯∏…1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√…ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¶ö±Ú √‡˘ fl¡À1 ’±ÀÂ√º Ê√±øÓ¬-Ò˜«-¬ıÌ« øÚø¬ı«À˙À¯∏¸fl¡˘ ô¶À11 ±Ú≈ Àfl¡ Œ˚ˆ¬±À¬ı «±√± õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1ÀÂ√Ú ¤¬ı—˜≈øMê√1 ¬ÛÔ Œ√ø‡À˚˛ÀÂ√Ú Ó¬Ô± ¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœ1 ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±À¸ ø¬ı1˘‚È¬Ú±º

‰¬Ó≈¬«√˙ ˙Ó¬Àfl¡ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈À1 1±Ê√Q fl¡À1øÂ√À˘Ú≈√ « ¬ Ú±1± ˛Ìº Œ¸ ◊√√ ˜À ˛ Œ·ÃÀÎ¬ˇ 1±Ê√Q fl¡1øÂ√À˘Ú 1±Ê√±Ò˜«Ú±1±Ìº ≈√˝◊√√ 1±Ê√±1 ˜ÀÒ… ¸¬ı«√±˝◊√√ ˚≈X ø¬ı¢∂˝√√ ˝√√Ó¬º’¬ıÀ˙À ∏ fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 1±Ê√± Œ·ÃÀÎ¬ˇ1 1±Ê√±1 Àe øg fl¡À1º‰≈¬øMê√ ’Ú≈˚±˚˛œ ±Ó¬‚1 ¬¬ıË±p¡Ì ¤¬ı— ±Ó¬‚1 fl¡±˚˛¶ö ±Ú≈¯∏fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 1±Ê√√1 ¬ı±À1 Í“¬± √√ Œ¬ÛÀ ˛øÂ√À˘Úº fl¡± ˛¶öÀ√1 ÀÒ…’Ú…Ó¬˜ ‰¬Gœ¬ı1 ¬Û≈S 1±Ê√Ò1, 1±Ê√ÒÀ11 ¬Û≈S ¸”˚«¬ı1,¸”˚«¬ıÀ11 ¬Û≈S fl≈¡¸≈˜¬ı1 ¤¬ı— fl≈¡¸≈˜¬ıÀ11 ¬Û≈S ¿˜ôL˙Ç1À√Àªº ¬ı˘±¬ı±U˘… fl¡±˜Ó¬±1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ øÂ√˘ ¬ıÓ«¬˜±ÚÎ¬◊M√√1¬ıÀe1 ø√Ú √√±È¬±1 ¬Û±ù´¬ıÓ«¬œ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1 ¢∂±À˜, Œ˚‡±ÀÚõ∂±‰¬œÚ ·ÀÎ¬ˇ1 øÚ√˙«Ú ’±Ê√› ¬Ûø1˘øé¬Ó¬ √√˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√ ø√fl¡ŒÔÀfl¡ ˙Ç1À√Àª1 ¬Û”¬ı«¬Û≈1n∏À¯∏1± Œ˚ Î¬◊M√√1¬ıÀe˝◊√√ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸fl¡À1øÂ√À˘Ú ¤ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ Œfl¡±Ú —˙˚˛ ŒÚ˝◊√√º

Δ√Ó¬…±ø1 Í¬±fl≈¡À11 ‰¬ø1Ó¬ ¬Û≈øÔÀÓ¬ Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√1371 ˙fl¡±Às ’±øù´Ú ˜±À¸1 qSê¬ı±1 qflv¡±√˙˜œøÓ¬øÔÀÓ¬ Ú±Ú±Ó¬1 ’À˘Ãøfl¡fl¡ ‚È¬Ú± ‚ÀÈ¬º ø˙é¬± ˘±Àˆ¬1

¸”‰¬Ú± ‚ÀÈ¬ ’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡ ˜À˝√√f fl¡μ˘œ1 ŒÈ¬±À˘º õ∂Ô˜ø√¬ıÀ¸ ◊√√ fl¡, ‡ ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ ¬ı…?Ú¬ıÌ« ø˙À‡ ¤fl¡øÈ¬ fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬± 1‰¬Ú±fl¡À1 ˜À˝√√f fl¡μ˘œÀfl¡ õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1Úº fl¡ø¬ıÓ¬±øÈ¬ øÂ√˘øÚ•ßø˘ø‡Ó¬ ñ

ë fl¡1Ó¬˘ fl¡˜˘ fl¡˜˘ √˘ Ú˚˛Úºˆ¬¬ı ˆ¬˚˛ √˝√Ú ·˝√√Ú ¬ıÚ ˙˚˛ÚºÚ¬Û1 Ú¬Û1 ¬Û1 Ó¬1Ó¬ ·˜˚˛º¸˜˚˛ ˜ˆ¬˚˛ ˆ¬˚˛ ˜˜˝√√1 ¸Ó¬Ó¬˚˛ºº‡1Ó¬1 ¬ı1 ˙1 ˝√√Ó¬ √˙ ¬ı√Úº‡·‰¬1 Ú·Ò1 Ù¬ÌÒ1 ˙ ˛ÚºÊ√·√‚ ¬Û˝√√1 ¬¬ıˆ¬˚˛ Ó¬1Ìº¬Û1¬Û√ ˚˛fl¡1 fl¡˜˘Ê√ Ú˚˛Úººí˜À √√f fl¡μ˘œ1 ‰¬Ó≈¬¶ÛøÍ¬ÀÓ¬ ’Ò…˚Ú fl¡1±1 ˜˚

øÓ¬øÔ ˝√√ø1‰¬f Î¬◊¬Û±‡…±Ú 1‰¬Ú± fl¡À1Úº ¬ı±˝◊√√˙ ¬ıÂ√1 ¬ı˚˛À¸øÓ¬øÚ ø˙é¬± ¸˜±5 fl¡À1 ·‘À˝√√ õ∂Ó¬…±¬ıÓ«¬Ú fl¡À1Úº ¸≈√œ‚«¬ı±1 ¬ı»¸1 Ú±Ú± ¬ÛÔ, ˜Ó¬ › Ó¬œÔ«w˜ÀÚ1 ¬ÛÀ1 øÓ¬øÚ’±ø˘¬Û≈‡≈1œÀÓ¬ øfl¡À1 ’±À¸Úº ’¬ıÀ˙À¯∏∏ ’±|˚˛˘±ˆ¬fl¡À1˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√±À√1 fl¡±ÀÂ√º Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√± Ú1Ú±1±˚˛Ì ›Œ¸Ú±¬ÛøÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ’±|˚˛ ø√À˚˛ ¿˜ôL Ç1À√ÀªÀfl¡ Œ˚|X± Ê√±øÚÀ ˛øÂ√À˘Ú Ó¬±1 ÀÒ…› øÚø √√Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√ Ó¬»fl¡±˘œÚÎ¬◊M√√1¬ıÀe1 ‹øÓ¬ √√… Ó¬Ô± ¬Û1•Û1±º Ò≈¬Û≈1 S Ó¬±1 ‹øÓ¬ √√…,˙Ç1 Œ√À¬ı1 ¶ú‘øÓ¬ ÒÚ… ˚± Î¬◊M√√1±¬ıÀe1 Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1ŒÊ√ ±ÀÓ¬ ◊√√ ’¬ıø¶öÓ¬º

44

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¿˜ôL ˙Ç1À√Àª1 ¬Û±˙±¬Û±ø˙ ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√À¬ı1‹øÓ¬ √√…› Î¬◊M√√1¬ıÀe ¬Ûø1˘øé¬Ó¬ √√ º Œ˘±fl¡±˚Ó¬ —¶‘®øÓ¬ÀÓ¬øÓ¬øÚ ˜±ÀÒ± Œ·“±¸±˝◊√√ Ú±À˜ ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬º ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√À¬ı1 ø¬ÛÓ¬±˜À √√±√1º Ó“¬±À√1 ¬ı¸øÓ¬ øÂ√ ¬ı±G≈fl¡± Ú±˜fl¡ ¶ö±ÀÚº 1411

˙fl¡±Às ΔÊ√á¬… ˜±À¸1 fl‘¡¯û¬ÛÀé¬1 õ∂øÓ¬¬Û√ øÓ¬øÔÀÓ¬˜±Ò¬ıÀ√À¬ı1 Ê√ijº ±Ò¬ı Œ√À¬ı1 Àe Ç1À√Àª1 ±é¬±»øÚÀ˚˛ ¤fl¡±È¬ fl¡±ø˝√√Úœ ¬ıU˘ õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬º ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√ª øÂ√À˘Ú˙øMê1 Î¬◊¬Û±¸fl¡º Ò”˚˛±˝√√±È¬± Ú±˜fl¡ ¶ö±ÀÚ øÓ¬øÚ ¶ö±˚˛œˆ¬±À¬ı¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡À1Úº ±Ò¬ı Ó“¬±1 ±À˚˛1 ’±À1±·… fl¡±˜Ú±˚˛ Â√±·¬ıø˘ Œ√¬ı±1 Ê√Ú… ±ÚÓ¬ fl¡À1Ú ¤¬ı— Ó“¬±1 ±À ˛1 Œ1±· ≈øMê√‚ÀÈ¬º ’Ú…ø√Àfl¡ ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√À¬ı1 ˆ¬ø¢ü¬ÛøÓ¬ 1±˜√±¸ ¬Û”À¬ı«˝◊√√Δ¬ı¯û¬ı Ò˜« ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1Úº øÓ¬øÚ ¬ıø˘1 Ê√Ú… Â√±· Î¬◊»¸·«fl¡1±1 Œé¬ÀS ijøÓ¬ Ê√±Ú±Ú øÚº fl¡À ˛fl¡ø√Ú ¬ÛÀ1 ±Ò¬ıÀ√ªÒ” ˛±˝√√±È¬± ˛ øfl¡À1 ¤À¸ 1±˜√±¸Àfl¡ Â√±· Î¬◊»¸·« fl¡1±1 fl¡Ô±¬ıÀ˘Úº ’ªÀ˙À ∏ 1±˜√±¸ ±ÒªÀ√ªÀfl¡ Ç1À√Àª1 fl¡±ÀÂ√øÚÀ˚˛ ¬ı±Ú ¤¬ı— Ç1À√Àª1 Ú±˜ ÒÀ˜« √œé¬± ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1Úº¬ÛÀ1 ±Ò¬ıÀ√ª ±Mê√ ÒÀ «1 ’¸±1Ó¬± Î¬◊¬Û˘øt fl¡À1Ú ¤¬ı—˙Ç1À√Àª1 õ∂Ò±Ú ø˙¯∏… ø˝√√¸À¬ı ¬¬Ûø1·øÌÓ¬ √√Úº

˙Ç1À√Àª1 ¬Û”À¬ı« Î¬◊M√√1¬Û”¬ı« ¬±1ÀÓ¬ Δ˙¬ı › ±Mê√’±‰¬±1 Ò˜« õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ øÂ√˘º ˙Ç1À√Àª › ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√À¬ı1õ∂À‰¬©Ü±˚˛ ˆ¬øMê√ ’±Àμ±˘Ú Î¬◊M√√1¬Û”¬ı« ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 Ú±Ú± ¶ö±ÀÚÂ√±øÎ¬ˇÀ˚˛ ¬ÛÀÎ¬ˇ ¤¬ı— Î¬◊M√√1¬ıÀe1 ¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ‹øÓ¬˝√√…Àfl¡›ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ˆ¬±Àª õ∂ˆ¬±ø¬ıÓ¬ fl¡À1º &1n∏ ˝√√˚˛ ˜±Ú¬ı ˜≈øMê√1 Ú¬ı’Ài§ ∏Ìº

Ò”˚˛±˝√√±È¬± ’=À˘ ˙Ç1À√Àª1 Ê√±˜±Ó¬± ˝√√ø1

ˆ¬”¤û±1 ˜ôLfl¡ ŒÂ√Â√Ú fl¡À1Ú ’±À˝√√±˜˚˛ ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√ªÀfl¡ ¤fl¡¬ı»¸À11 fl¡±1±√G õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1Úº ’Ô«±» ’±À˝√√±˜À√1’Ó¬…±‰¬±À1 ˙Ç1À√Àª ’±|˚˛ ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À¬1Ì Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±11±ÀÊ√…º ¬ı1À¬ÛÈ¬±1 øÚfl¡È¬¬ıÓ«¬œ ¬Û±È¬¬ı±Î¬◊¸œÀÓ¬ øÓ¬øÚ ¶ö±¬ÛÚfl¡À1Ì fl¡œÓ«¬Ú‚1º ¬¬ı±ÚÀμ1 √√À˚±ø·Ó¬± ˛ ·ÀÎ¬ˇ ŒÓ¬±À˘Ú¸Sº Œ‰¬ÃX ¬ıÂ√1 ˙Ç1À√Àª ¤‡±ÀÚ ’¬ı¶ö±Ú fl¡À1Úº’Ó¬–¬Û1 ˙Ç1À√Àª1 :±øÓ¬ w±Ó¬± 1±¸ ¬1±À˚˛1 fl¡Ú…±fl¡˜˘±øõ∂˚±1 Àe“ ø¬ı¬ı± √√ ¬ıgÀÚ ’±¬ıX √√ ø‰¬˘±1±˚º Œ¸ ◊√√

”ÀS Ú¬ıÕ¬ı¯ûª ’±Àμ±ªÚ ’±À1± ø¬ıô¶‘Ó¬ ¬ı˘À˚ Â√±øÎ¬À˚ ¬ÛÀÎ¬º1569 ø‡Ë– ˜Ó¬±ôLÀ1 1568 ø‡Ë– 21 ˆ¬^ qflv¡± ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚±øÓ¬øÔÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı √√±1 1±ÀÊ√…1 Ò≈¬Û≈À1 √√±øÚ¬ı«±Ú ±ˆ¬ ‚ÀÈ¬˜ √√±¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ Ç1À√Àª1º Ê√Ú|n∏øÓ¬, ŒÓ¬±1 ∏± Ú√œ1 Ó¬±À1 fl¡±·Ê√fl≈¡È¬±1 ‚±ÀÈ¬ Ç1À√Àª1 Œ√ √√ »fl¡±1 fl¡1± √√ º

’Ú…ø√Àfl¡ ˜±Ò¬ıÀ√ª› Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±ÀÊ√… ¤À˚˛˚ÀÔ±ø‰¬Ó¬ ¸ij±Ú ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡À1Úº ¬Ûø1fl¡1À√1 øÚÀ˚˛Œˆ¬˘±≈√ ˛±À1 ¤fl¡øÈ¬ S øÚ «±Ì fl¡À1Úº ¤¬ı— ¤‡±ÀÚ ◊√√ Ó“¬±1ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ 1‰¬Ú± ëÚ±˜À‚±¯∏±í1 ˜±ø5 ‚ÀÈ¬º 1596 ¤ 107

¬ıÂ√1 ¬ı˚˛À¸ øÓ¬øÚ Œˆ¬˘±≈√˚˛±À1 ˝√√±øÚ¬ı«±Ì ±ˆ¬ fl¡À1Úº˙Ç1-˜±ÒÀ¬ı1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√… ’±Ê√› Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıÀe1 S

¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ÀÓ¬ Î¬◊8˘ ˝√√…˚˛ ’±ÀÂ√º Ó¬≈√¬Ûø1 &1n∏ ø˙À¯∏…1¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ¸‘ø©Ü Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√√1¬ı±À11 ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸Àfl¡ øˆ¬iß˚±S±õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1º Ó“¬±À√1 Ò˜« ’±Àμ±˘Ú Sê˜˙ ¬Û˚«¬ıø¸Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛¸˜±Ê√ ¸—¶®±1 ’±Àμ±˘ÀÚ, ˚± ŒÔÀfl¡ ’±˜1± ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1” …À¬ı±ÀÒ1 ø˙é¬±, Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıÀe1 ±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ‹øÓ¬À √√… ’±Ê√›

Ó¬± fl¡GÒ±1±1 ÀÓ¬± õ∂¬ı±ø˝√√Ó¬º

45

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊»¸ª ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ¤fl¡ ˆ≈¬˜øfl¡

¬1‚≈Ú±Ô Œ‰¬ÃÒ≈1œ

¬ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 Î¬ ◊M√ √1-¬Û” ¬ı «±=À˘1 ¸¬ı « ¬ı ‘˝ √ √M√ √˜Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±˚ √√ ◊√√ÀÂ√ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±Úº ’±˜±1 õ∂‰¬œÚ¢∂Lö Œ¬ı√, 1±˜± ˛Ú, √√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬, ¬±·¬ıÓ¬, Œ˚±ø·Úœ Ó¬La, ¬ÛΩ¬Û”1±Ú, ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ˝◊√√øÓ¬˝√√±¸ ’±ø√Ó¬ Î¬◊À~ø‡Ó¬ fl¡ª‰¬, fl¡ªÊ√fl¡À•§±‰¬, s ˛ Œ˙ ∏Ó¬ fl≈¡ª±‰¬ ’±À1± fl≈¡ª±À1‰¬ ¬Û±1± ˛ Œfl¡±‰¬Ê√±øÓ¬ Ú±À˜À1 ¬Ûø1ø‰¬Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛º ¬ı1¬ıM√√π fl¡±˘Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ±Á¬Ó¬ fl¡¬ı± ¬Û≈1n∏À¯∏ ’¸˜ ¬ı± õ∂‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-õ∂±·ÀÊ√…±øÓ¬ ∏¬Û≈1Ó¬ ¬ıU √√±Ê√±1 ¬ıÂ√1 ’±À·À1 ¬Û±1± ˛ 1±Ê√Qfl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ’±À1± Ó¬±•⁄ ˚≈·, 1±˜±˚˛Ú ˚≈·, ˆ≈¬˜± ¬ı—˙, ¬ı˜«Ú¬ı—˙, ’±ø√1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ ø˙¬ı¬ı—˙œ ˝√√˚˛º Œfl¡±‰¬¡ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œø √√‰¬±À¬ı- ¤ ◊√√ ”¬‡GÓ¬ ¶§±√œÚ ¬±À¬ı 1±Ê√Q fl¡ø1øÂ√ º Œ˙ ∏Ó¬Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ Œ√˚˛º

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±Ú fl‘¡ø¯∏ Ê√œø¬ıº fl‘¡ø¯∏fl¡Œfl¡f fl¡ø1˚± Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ1 fl‘¡ø©Ü-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ø¬ıfl¡±˙ √√ ◊√√ÀÂ√º◊√√˜±1 ±Á¬Ó¬ √√±˘ ±S±, ø¬ıÒ±Ú ŒÙ¬˘±, ·Â√± Œ√›ª±, Ú±„√√˘

Á¬±fl¡1±, ’±· ’±Ú±, Ú˚˛± ‡±›ª±, ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ ˆ¬±1 ŒÙ¬˘±,fl¡±øÓ¬ ·Â√±, Œ√±˜±¸œ ¬Û≈ ∏Ú±, fl≈¡˙±Ú·±Ú, ¬ÛΩ ¬Û”1±Ú ·±Ú,¬ı“±˙œ ¬Û”1±Ú Ú±‰¬Ú, ‰¬Gœ Ú±‰¬Ú, ¬ı“±˙ Ú±‰¬Ú, Œ√Î¬◊Ò± Ú±‰¬Ú,fl¡±øÓ«¬fl¡± Ú±‰¬Ú, U≈√˜ Ú±‰¬Ú, ¤Î¬◊1œ Ú±‰¬Ú, ˜±Â√˜±1± Ú±‰¬Ú,Œ¸±Ú±1± ˛ ·±Ú, ø¬ı ˛± ·±Ú, ¬±1œ ·±Ú, |±ÀX1 ·±Ú, Œ √√±˘œ·±Ú, Œ·±ª±˘Úœ Ú±‰¬Ú, ˜ø˝√√¯∏±˘ ·±Ú, Œ‡˘±1 ·±Ú, Ú±›Œ‡˘± ·±Ú, 1±‡˘ ·±Ú, Â√±ª± ˆ≈ 1fl¡± ·±Ú, Œ√˝√√Ó¬N ·±Ú,ˆ¬øMê√ ” fl¡ ·±Ú, ¬±›ª± ◊√√ ˛± ·±Ú, ‰¬È¬fl¡± ·±Ú, Ú±˜Ó¬œ·±Ú,

˙œÓ¬˘œ ¬Û”Ê√±, ¸≈¬ı‰¬Úœ ¬Û”Ê√±, fl¡±‰¬± ‡±˝◊√√ ¬Û”Ê√± ˚±S± ¬Û”Ê√±,ø¬ı¯∏˝√√ø1 ¬Û”Ê√±, √Ú fl¡±˜ ¬Û”Ê√±, ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ’±ø√ ¬Û”Ê√± Î¬◊»¸¬ı’±À1± Ú±‰¬-·±Ú ø·˘±Ú õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±À˘1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ ¬Û1•Û1±ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı õ∂‰¬˘Ú ’±À1± Ê√Úøõ∂˚˛Ó¬± ’±øÊ√› ’±ÀÂ√º ¤ÀÓ¬ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸À¬ı1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’ä ’±ˆ¬±¯∏ ø√¬ı± ‡≈øÊ√ÀÂ√±— º

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ˝√√˝◊√√˘ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ1 Ê√±øÓ¬1Ê√œ¬ıÚº ø¬ı ∏≈ª± sÈ¬± ëø¬ı ∏í Às1 ¬Û±1± ˛ Î¬◊»¬ÛøMê√ √√ ◊√√ÀÂ√ºΔ‰¬Ó¬-Œ¬ı˙±· ˜±À¸1 Œ1Ã√-Á¬±ø1 ’±À1± ¬Ûø(˜ ¬ÛÀÂ√±ª±¬ı±Ó¬±¸Ó¬ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ Ê√·Ó¬ ‡±Ú Ò≈ ±˚ ’gfl¡±1 ·ÀÓ¬ ¬ı±˚≈ G˘õ∂”√ ∏ÀÚ1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ’±ª √√±›ª± ≈√ø ∏Ó¬ √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ Œ¸ ◊√√Ê√˘œ˚˛ ¬ı±©Û ‘ø©Ü √√˚˛, ’1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ±Úø¯∏ ø·˘±ÀÚ1 Ú±Ú±ÚÒ1ÀÚ1 ÚÓ≈¬Ú-ÚÓ≈¬Ú Œ¬ı˜±1- ’±Ê√±1Ó¬ ≈¬ø·¬ı± ±·±Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1ºŒ˚ ◊√√ ’±ª √√±›ª±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ±Úø ∏ ø·˘±ÀÚ1 Œ¬ı˜±1-’±Ê√±À11¬ıœÊ√±Ú≈-ø¬ı ∏±Ú≈ ’±ø√1 õ∂‡¬ı ¬ı±ÀÏ¬ˇº ¤ ◊√√ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙È¬±fl¡ ì√ø¬ı ∏î√¬ı≈ø˘ ¬Û±›ª±1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ·±Â√-·±Â±√ø˘, Ù¬˘-Ù≈¬˘, Ó¬±-¬Û±Ó¬±, ’±ø√1 √√± ˛ ¬ı± ±·±Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1º õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙Ó¬Î¬◊æ¬ı ˝√√ª± ø¬ı¯∏ ’Ô«…±» Œ¬ı˜±1-’±Ê√±À11 ¬Û1± ¬Ûø1S±Ú¬Û±›ª±1 Ê√˝◊ √ √ÀÚ… ’±À1± Ú˚˛± ¬ı¯∏ «fl¡ ¬ı1±1 ’Ô«…±»Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ Δ‰¬Ó¬ ¸—Sê±øôL1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ Δ¬ı˙±·˜±À¸1 Â√˚˛ ø√Ú ¬Û˚…ôL ø¬ı¯∏ Ÿ¬ Î¬◊ª± > ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸¬ıÈ¬±¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1º ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ª ±Ó¬ ø√Ú ¬Û˚…ôL Î¬◊√ ±¬ÛÚfl¡1±1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… ì√¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±î√ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡˚˛º ’ÀÚÀfl¡ ¸±Ó¬ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±fl¡ ì√¸±Ó¬ øÓ¬øÔî√ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛±› fl¡˚˛º ¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1

46

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡È¬± ø√Úfl¡ ’±˘·± Ú±˜ ’±ÀÂ√º Δ‰¬S —Sê±øôL ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡·1n∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±, Δ¬ı˙±· ˜±À¸1 õ∂Ô˜ ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ ˜±Úø¯∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±,ø¡ZÓ¬œ˚˛ ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ &ø©Ü ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±, Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚˛ ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ ¸±Ó¬ ˙±fl¡œø¬ı ∏≈ª±, ‰¬Ó≈¬Ô« ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ ¬ı±À √√± ø¬ı ∏≈ª±, ¬Û=˜ ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ ø˙fl¡±1ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ’±À1± ¯∏á¬ ø√ÚÈ¬±fl¡ Œ√Î¬◊ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡˚˛º ¤˝◊√√¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 ø√Ú fl¡˚È¬± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ·Ó¬ •§g 1±ø‡˚± ø¬ıøˆ¬ißøÚ˜˚-ÚœøÓ¬À1 Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ Î¬◊√ ±¬ÛÚ fl¡1± Œ√‡±˚±˚˛º

Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ·1n∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ’±· ø√Ú±¸g…±1 ˜˚Ó¬ õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ Ê√Ú ±Úø ∏1 ø¬ıø‰¬Ú±1 ¬ı± ≈À¸1 Ó¬˘Ó¬¬Û±Úœ ±Î¬◊ ¬Û±Ó¬, ø¬ı ∏ ŒÏ¬fl¡œ ˛±, ø¬ı ∏ fl≈¡È≈¬˘œ, øÚ˜¬Û±Ó¬, ‰¬•Û±Ù≈¬˘, ·g1±Ê√ Ù≈¬˘, ¬±À„√√1 ¬Û±Ó¬, √±1n∏ª± √√±˘ø√ ¬Û±Ó¬, ¬ı±¸fl¡±øÓ¬Ó¬±, Ó≈¬ ¸œ¬Û±Ó¬, fl¡±Úø¸¸± ¬Û±Ó¬, È¬·1 Ù≈¬ , ¬Û±Ó¬ Œ ¬À√ œ,’fl¡1± ¬Û±Ó¬, ’±ø√ ¬Û±Ó¬-Ù≈¬˘ø·˘± ø√˚˛± ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û±Ó¬-Ù≈¬˘ ø·˘±fl¡ ¤Àfl¡ ˘À· ì√ø¬ı¯∏ ˜±›î√ > ø¬ı¯∏˜± > ø¬ı ∏ ±¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ıÀÚÃø¯∏øÒ ø¬ı¯∏ ˜±›1 ¬ı±¸Ú±˚˛ ˜±Úø¯∏1Ú±fl¡ ø√˚˛± ˙1œ˘Ó¬ õ∂À¬ı˙ fl¡À1º ’Ô…«±» ¬ıÀÚÃ¯∏øÒ ¬Û±Ó¬-Ù≈¬˘ ø·˘± ±Ú¬ı Ê√œ¬ıÀÚ1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… À √√Ã ∏øÒ ø √√‰¬±À¬ı ’±À1±¬ı±1œ ‡±ÚÓ¬ õ∂”√¯∏Ú ˜≈Mê√ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙ ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡À1º ‹ fl¡±1ÀÚ’ÀÚÀfl¡ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸ªfl¡ ø¬ı ∏ ± ¬ı± Œ¬ı ∏ ± Î¬◊»¸¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±›fl¡ ˛º ¤1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1›¬ ‡±›ª± øÊ√øÚ ∏, Ó“¬±Ó¬˙±˘, ø¬Ûg± fl¡±¬Û≈1,‚À11 ≈√ª±1 ’±ø√Ó¬ ’±„√√±À11 È≈¬fl≈¡1± ø√˚˛± Ô˚˛º ˘·ÀÓ¬Œ˘¬ı≈, 1¸≈Ú, ø¬Û˚˛±Ê√, Á¬±˘≈fl¡, ’±√±, øÚ˜¬Û±Ó¬, Ú1ø˙—¬Û±Ó¬’±ø√ ±˘± ·“±øÔ˚± õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡È¬± ‚À11 ≈√ª±1Ó¬ È¬Àfl¡˚± Œ√ º¤˝◊√√ fl¡±˚«…ø·˘±Ú Δ¬ı:±øÚfl¡ ø¬ıÀ˙°¯∏ÀÚ1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ’±ÀÂ√º

·1n∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 ø√Úfl¡± fl¡±À˘ ” «… Ú±Î¬◊Í¬±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬Œ‰¬—1±ø·˘±ÀÚ Á¬±1- Ê√—·˘Ó¬ ì√’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Ûî√ [Ú±Ú±Ú Ò1ÀÚ1Ù≈¬˘-¬Û±Ó¬±fl¡ ¬ı≈Á¬±˚˛] Ó≈¬ø˘˚˛± ˚±˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Û Ó≈¬˘±1¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 Œ‰¬—1± ø·˘±ÀÚ fl¡˚˛-

ø¬ı ∏≈ª±ÀÓ¬ ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Û Ó≈¬ ≈— ◊√√¬Û±1±1 ±Úø¯∏1 ±ÀÔºÎ¬◊‰¬±-Î¬◊‰¬± Ê√—·À˘1 Ó¬À˘-Ó¬À˘Œfl¡±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬1 ø‰¬˘-ø˜˘ Ù≈¬˘º

ø¬ıø‰¬ø1 ˛± Ú±¬Û±— ◊√√Â√ÀÈ¬± Ú1 ø¸À„√√1 ·±Â√˘±•§±-˘±•§± ¬Û±Ó¬± ¬Û± ◊√√Â≈√—√±1n∏ª± √√±˘ø√ ¬Û±Ó¬±º

◊√√Ó¬…±ø√Á¬±1-Ê√—·À˘1 Ô±øfl¡ ˛± ’±Ú± ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Û ø·˘±Ú

√√ ◊√√ ¬Û≈øG√1 ¬Û±Ó¬±, ø¬ı ∏ ŒÏ¬fl¡œ ˛±, ø¬ı ∏ fl≈¡È≈¬ø˘, Ú1ø¸— ¬Û±Ó¬±,¬ı±‚ √√±‰≈¬1± ¬Û±Ó¬±, Œ¬ıÀÓ¬1 ¬Û±Ó¬±, Œˆ¬ÀÈ¬± ±ø˘, √±1n∏ª± √√±˘ø√¬Û±Ó¬±, ·1˘ ¬Û±‡±, Œfl¡±‰¬˘Ó¬ Ù≈¬˘, ¬±À„√√1 ¬Û±Ó¬±, ‰¬±Àμ±-ˆ¬±À√±, fl¡±Úø¸¸±, øÚ˜ ¬Û±Ó¬±, ’±ø√ ¤ ◊√√ Ù≈¬˘-¬Û±Ó¬± ø·˘±ÀÚ1õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡È¬±1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ ’ä-’ä øÚ˚˛± ¤Àfl¡ ˘À· fl¡ø1˚˛±˚ÀÓ¬±È¬± ¬ı±1œÓ¬ ‚1 ’±ÀÂ√, õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡È¬± ‚À11 ‰¬±˘Ó¬ &øÊ√ ˛±Ôª± ˝√√˚˛º ¤ÚƒÀÓ¬ Ô˝◊√√À˘ fl≈¡ÀÚ± Œ¬ı˜±1-’±Ê√±1 ¬ı±1œ‡±Ú’±Sê˜Ú fl¡ø1¬ı± Ú±¬Û±˚˛ ¬ıø˘˚˛± Ê√Ú ø¬ıù´±¸ ’±ÀÂ√º ’±À1±ŒÚÃÓ≈¬Ú ¬ı‰¬1fl¡ ¬ıÀ1˚˛± ˘ª±1 õ∂Ó¬œfl¡ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡1±√√ ˛º

¬Œ¬ı˘± Î¬◊Í¬±1 À·-˘À· ’±˜ Ù¬˘, ¬ı±¸fl¡± øÓ¬Ó¬±¬Û±Ó¬±, fl¡±‰¬± ˝√√±˘ø√, øÚ˜¬Û±Ó¬±, ’±ø√1 ø˙˚˛±-¬Û±Ó¬± ¤Àfl¡˘·À ø˜¸˘ fl¡ø1 ˛± ø¬Û¸± √√ ˛ ’±À1± ’1 ¬Û±1± ˛ Œ˚ ◊√√ ø‡øÚ1¸ ›˘±˚ ’fl¡ ì√øÓ¬Ó¬±-fl¡¸± 1¸î√ ’±À1± ¬ı±fl¡œ ø¸øÍ¬ ø‡øÚfl¡ì√øÓ¬Ó¬±-fl¡¸±î√ ¬ı≈ø˘˚± fl¡˚º ¤ ◊√√ øÓ¬Ó¬± fl¡¸± 1¸ ø‡øÚ ‡± ◊√√À˘,¸±¬Û √±—˙ÀÚ1 ¬Û±1± ˛ 1é¬± ¬Û± ˛ ’±À1± øÓ¬Ó¬±-fl¡¸± ø‡øÚfl¡Œ¬ı¸1 ŒÓ¬˘ ø˜¸˘ fl¡ø1˚˛± ·±ª Ò≈˝◊√√À˘ ‰¬˜« Œ¬ı˜±1 Ú±˝√√˚˛¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º

Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ·1n∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ø√Úfl¡±1±‡±˘ ˜ø˝√√¯∏±˘ ø·˘±ÀÚ ’±˜ Ù¬˘, Î¬±Î¬◊ª±1 Ù¬˘, fl¡1¬ıœÙ≈¬˘, Î¬•§1n∏ ’±ø√À1 ˜±˘± ·“±±øÔ˚˛± ·1n∏ ø·˘±fl¡ ø¬Ûøg˚˛±Œ√ º ’±À1± ¬Û±Úœ ±Î¬◊, ¬ı± ◊√√·Ú ’±ø√ ·1n∏ ø·˘± ‡±ª± Œ√ º˘À·-˘À· 1±‡±˘ ø·˘±ÀÚ ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 fl¡ ˛º

˘±Î¬◊ ‡±, ¬ı± ◊√√·Ú ‡±¬ıÂ√À1-¬ıÂ√À1 ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ˛±º¬ı±À¬Û± ¬ıÀ1±, ±ª ¬ıÀ1±Ó≈¬ ◊√√ √√ ◊øÂ√ Œ˜±È¬± Ó¬±ÀÊ√±ºº

47

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

ø¬ı˘-Ú√œ, ø√‚œ ’±ø√Ó¬ ·1n∏ ø·˘±fl¡ ·±ª Ò≈ª±1Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… øÚ˚˛± ±˚˛º ‹ ˜˚˛Ó¬ ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 fl¡˚˛º

√œ‚˘øÓ¬ √œø‡˘± ¬Û±Ó¬·1n∏ Œfl¡±¬ı±— Á¬±È¬-Á¬±È¬º˜±ª Â√ÀÈ¬±, ¬ı±À¬Û Â√ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ ◊√√ √√ ◊√√Â√ Œfl¡±¬ÛÚœ ·1n∏1 ÀÓ¬±ººŒfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ Œ‰¬—1± ø·˘±ÀÚ ¬Û≈Gœ1¬ ·±Â√ ø√ ˛±

·1n∏ ø·˘±Úfl¡ Î¬±À„√√ ˛±-Î¬±À„√√ ˛± ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 fl¡ ˛ -·1n∏fl¡ ·±ª Ò≈ª±— ≈˝◊√√À1ø √√Õ˘-ø·Õ˘ fl¡ø1 ˛±º¬Û±1±1 Œ‰¬—1œ ø·˘± ‰¬± ˛À1Œ˜±fl¡ 1±‡±˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±¬Û≈Gœ ø√ ˛± ·1n∏fl¡ Î¬±„√√±— ≈ ◊√√À1Ò≈¬ı ¬Û±ø˘ Ó≈¬ø˘ ˛±º

◊√√Ó¬…±ø√º≈√¬Û1 Œ¬ı˘± ’±¬Û±-’±¬Ûœ, Œ‰¬—1±-Œ‰¬—1œ, ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ

ø·˘±ÀÚ Ú√œ-ø¬ı˘- ø√‚œ, ’±ø√Ó¬ ·±ª Ò≈ª± ± ˛º ‹ ˜ ˛Ó¬’±¬Ûœ ø·˘±ÀÚ ·±ª Ò≈ª± ±›ª±ÀÓ¬ ≈1 Òø1˚˛± ·±Ú fl¡˚˛-

’±øfl¡ fl¡±˘±À1 Ú ≈¬˘±ø˘¸≈1±ø˘ ¬ı“±˙œ ≈À1À1 -Œ˚˘± fl¡±˘± ¬ı±Ê√±˚˛ ¬ı“±˙œºŒ¸˘± fl¡±˘± ≈˝◊√√ Ê√˘ ’±øÂ√ºfl¡±—À‡À1 fl¡˘¸œ Œ˜±1 fl¡±—À‡ 1˝◊√√˘À1Ê√˘ ø¬ıÀÚ Œ˜±1 ¬ÛøÓ¬1 õ∂±Ú Œ· ◊√√˘À1º¸≈1±ø˘ ¬ı“±˙œ ≈À1À1 -

◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ºÚ√œ-ø¬ı˘-ø√‚œ1 ¬Û±1Ó¬ Œ‰¬—1± ’±¬Û±ø·˘±ÀÚ

ì√˝√√±Î≈¬-&Î¬≈î√ Œ‡À˘± ’±À1± ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 øÂ√– Œ√ ˛º√√±Î≈¬-&Î≈¬ Œ˘—-ŒÍ¬—

fl≈¡fl≈¡À1 ˜±Ô± ’±À˘˚˛± Œ√—ºfl≈¡fl≈¡1 Œ·˝◊√√˘ ‰¬±ø1˚˛±˜±Úø ∏ Œ· ◊√√˘ ø1 ˛±º

’À1 fl≈¡fl≈¡1 ’±˚˛À1˜±Úø¯∏ ±Ô± ‡±˚˛À1º‡± ˛À1-‡± ˛À1-‡± ˛À1 ------ ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√‹ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ’±¬Û±ø·˘±ÀÚ Ú√œ-ø¬ı˘Ó¬ Î≈¬¬ı±-Î≈¬ø¬ı

’±À1± ¸±Ó≈¬1± Œ‡˘± Œ‡À˘º ’±À1± Î≈¬¬ı±-Î≈¬ø¬ı Œ‡˘±Ó¬·±Ú±fl¡±À1 ·Ú± fl¡À1º

’±À˜±˘-øÎ¬˜˘ fl¡±øÎ¬ˇ ˘¬ı±Î¬◊ø‰¬ fl¡±È¬± ± √√±Ê√Úfl≈¡fl≈¡1 fl¡±È¬± øÎ¬˜ ºŒfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ g…± ˜ ˛Ó¬ Œ·±ø˘ ‚1Ó¬

‰¬±øfl¡-¬ı±øÓ¬ ;À˘˚˛± ø√˚˛± ·1n∏ ø·˘±fl¡ Œ¸ª±-ˆ¬øMê√ fl¡ø1˚˛±ŒÚÃÓ≈¬Ú √±˜± ø¬Ûøg ˛± Œ√ ˛º ŒÚÃÓ≈¬Ú √±˜± ø¬ÛøgÀ˘ ì√&øÍ¬î√Œ¬ı˜±1 Ú±˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º

Δ¬ı˙±· ±À¸1 õ∂Ô˜ ø√Úfl¡± ±Úø ∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘˚±fl¡˚˛º ›Á¬±˚˛ ’±›ª± Ò˘± ¸≈Ó¬±ø√˚˛± ˜La fl¡˚˛± ì√’±¬Û-Á¬±¬ÛŒ¸Õfl¡î√ ΔÓ¬ ˛±1 fl¡ø1 ˛± fl¡±‰¬± √√±˘ø√À1 ‚ø¸ ˛± Â√±ª± ø·˘±fl¡ø¬Ûøg ˛± Œ√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Û Œ¸Õfl¡ ø¬ÛøgÀ˘ ”¬Ó¬-ø¬Û˙±¸˘øy¬ı± Ú±¬Û±˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º Œ¸˝◊√√ ø·˘±Ú ·1œ˚˛±Â√±ª± ’±ÀÂ√ Î¬◊ ±1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ‹ ø√Úfl¡± fl¡±¬Û±À¸1 ¬Û±1± ˛ ≈Ó¬±fl¡±øÈ¬˚˛±, ‹ ≈Ó¬± ø√˚˛± fl¡±¬Û≈1 ¬ı±Ú± √√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ fl¡±¬Û≈1 ø‡øÚfl¡›Á¬±˚˛ ˜La fl¡˚˛± Ó¬±ø¬ıÊ√Ó¬ ˆ¬À1˚˛± Œ√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ Ó¬±ø¬ıÊ√È¬±ø¬ÛøgÀ˘, ’±È¬±À¸1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ 1é¬± ¬Û±˚˛º

Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ˜±Úø¯∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈¬ı±Ó¬ ·±Â√-·±Â√ø˘ ·±Ï¬ˇ± ¬Û1•Û1± ’±ÀÂ√º Œ˚˜Ú -

¬Û”À¬ı “√√±˙, ¬Ûø(À˜ ¬ı“±˙ºÎ¬◊M√√À1 &ª±, √øé¬ÀÚ Ò≈ª± ºº

¤1 ˆ¬±¬ı±Ô« ¤˝◊√√ Œ˚ - ¬ı±1œÈ¬±1 ¬Û”¬ıÙ¬±À˘ ˝“√√±¸º¤ÀÓ¬ “√√±¸ ’Ô« ¬ı≈Á¬± ◊√√ÀÂ√ “√√±¸ Ô±øfl¡¬ı± ±ø·À˘ ¬Û±Úœ ±ø·¬ıº¬Û±Úœ1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ¬Û≈¶≈®Gœ ø√¬ı ±ø·¬ıº ¬Û±ÚœÀ˚ õ∂±Ìœ1 Ê√œ¬ıÚºŒÓ¬˜Ú ¬Ûø(À˜ ¬ı“±˙ ’Ô« ¬ı±1œÈ¬±1 ¬Ûø(˜ Ù¬±À˘ ¬ı“±¸Ô±øfl¡À˘ U1fl¡± ¬ı±Ó¬±À¸1 Ô±øfl¡˚˛± ‚1-≈√ª±1 ø·˘± 1é¬±¬Û±›ª±1 Î¬◊¬Û±˚˛º ¬ı“±¸ ˝√√˝◊√√ÀÂ√ Ê√Àij1 ¬Û±1±˚˛ ˜‘Ó≈… ¬Û˚«ôL√1fl¡±1º Î¬◊M√√À1 &ª± ’Ô« ¬ı±1œÈ¬±1 Î¬◊M√√1 Ù¬±À˘ &ª±¬ı±1œ

48

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Ô±øfl¡À˘, ‹ &ª± ¬ı±1œÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ò1ÀÚ1 ·±Â√-·Â√øÚ ’±ø√Ô±øfl¡¬ıº ŒÓ¬˜Ú √øé¬ÀÚ Ò≈ª± ˜±ÀÚ ‡≈˘± Ô±øfl¡À˘, ¸”À˚«…1Œ¬Û±˝√√1-Ó¬±¬Û ’±À1± ˝√√±ª±-¬ı±Ó¬±¸ ¸√±˚˛ ¬ı±1œÈ¬±Ó¬ õ∂À¬ı˙‚øÈ¬¬ıº ¤˝◊√√ √√±ª± ¬ı±Ó¬±¸ õ∂À¬ı¸ fl¡ø1À˘ Œ¬ı˜±1-’±Ê√±À11√√ª±1 õ∂¬ıÚÓ¬ fl¡˜ √√¬ıº ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ıøÒ˜ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ

øÚÀÊ√1 ¬ı±1œÈ¬± ¬ı±ÀÚ˚˛± ˘˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊ÀV˙… ¸˜≈‡Ó¬ 1±ø‡˚˛±˜±Úø ∏ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1 ø√Úfl¡± Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ·±Â√-·±‰¬ø˘·±ÀÏ¬ˇº ˚±fl¡ ’±øÊ√ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¬ı‘é¬À1±¬ÛÚ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛±fl¡˚˛º

Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ˜±Úø¯∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ø√Úfl¡±Ú˚˛± ¬ı¶a ¬Ûø1Ò±Ú fl¡1± ¤fl¡ ¬Û1•Û1± øÚ˚˛˜ ’±À1± ¸g…±¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¬ıÀ˚˛±ÀÊ√á¬ fl¡˘fl¡ fl¡øÚá¬ fl¡À˘ ø¬ı‰¬ÀÚÀ1 ø¬ıø‰¬-ø¬ıø‰¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ’±›‰¬± [ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±¬ı±Ú] ˜±Ú ø√˚˛± Œ¸ª± ˆ¬øMê√Ê√±Ú±˚ ’±À1± ¬ıÀ˚±ÀÊ√á¬ fl¡À˘1 ¬Û±1±˚ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ¬ı± Ú˚±¬ıÀ ∏«1’±˙π¬ı±√ ˛º ◊√√ø˜1± ‹ ø√Úfl¡± Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœfl¡ ¬Û”Ê√±-’‰«¬Ú±’±·¬ı±Ï¬ˇ±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ¬Û”¬ı«¬Û≈1n∏ ∏ ¶ú1ÚÓ¬ ‰¬±øfl¡-¬ı±øÓ¬ õ∂;˘Úfl¡ø1 ˛± ¬ø¬ı¯…∏» —·˘ fl¡±˜Ú±À1 ’±˙π¬ı±√ ø¬ıø‰¬1± ˛º ≈√¬Û1Œ¬ı˘± ‡±›ª± “±ÀÊ√1 ·Ó¬ øÚ˜øÓ¬Ó¬±, Œˆ¬±È¬ øÓ¬Ó¬±, ø¬ıøô¶øÓ¬Ó¬±, Œ¬ıÓ¬ ’±·±˘, ’±ø√ øÓ¬Ó¬± Ê√±Ó¬œ ˛ ±fl¡-¬Û±‰¬ø˘ ‡±√…‡±˚˛º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± øÓ¬Ó¬±-fl¡á¬± ‡±√… ‡±˝◊√√À˘ Œ¬ÛÀÈ¬1 fl‘¡ø˜-Œ¬Û˘≈ ’±ø√ Ú©Ü √√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º

¸g…± ˜˚Ó¬ ‰¬±øfl¡ ¬ı±øÓ¬ ;˘±1 ¬Û±Â√ÀÓ¬ ’± ◊√√À√›Ô±ÀÚ1 ’±·Ó¬ 1±‡± ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Û øfl¡øÚ1 ˘·Ó¬ ¤fl¡ ¬ı±fl¡ÚÓ≈“¡¸ ’±À1± ¤fl¡˜≈Í¬± Œ‡1 ¸˝√√ õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡È¬± ‚À11 ≈√ª±À1-≈√ª±À1 Ê√±Î¬◊1œ ø√˚˛± ˝√√˚˛º ’±À1± Ê√±Î¬◊1œ øfl¡øÚfl¡ ø¬ı‰¬ÀÚ1ø¬ıø‰¬-ø¬ıø‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ÛÔÓ¬ Ô˚˛± Œ√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ Ê√±Î¬◊1œ1 ŒÒ±ª±ø‡øÚ‚1Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±˝◊√√À˘ Œ¬ı˜±1 ¬ıœÊ√±Ú≈ ø¬ı¯∏±Ú≈ ’±À1± ¸˜-Î¬±¸’±ø√ Ò√ı—¸ ˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±ÀÚ ø¬ıù´±¸fl¡À1º

Δ¬ı˙±· ±À¸1 ø¡ZÓ¬œ ˛ ø√Úfl¡± &ø©Ü ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±fl¡˚˛º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± ’±Rœ˚˛ &øá¬-¸±fl¡±˝◊√√fl¡ Î¬±Àfl¡˚˛± ’±øÚ˚˛±‡≈ª±˚˛ ¬ı± õ∂ÀÓ¬…Àfl¡˚˛ ’˝◊√√ÀÚ…1 ¬ı±1œÓ¬ &øá¬-¸±fl¡±˝◊√√ ‡±¬ı±1˚± ˛º ’±À¬Û±ÚÊ√Úfl¡ Î¬±Àfl¡ ˛± Δ√-ø‰¬1±, ø¬ÛÍ¬± ¬ı± ¤fl¡ Δ¸g…±

‡≈ª±¬ı± ±À·º ’Àfl¡ Ú±fl¡ø1À˘ Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœ ø·˘± ’¸ÀôL± ∏Í¬˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º

Δ¬ı˙±· ±À¸1 Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚˛ ø√Úfl¡± ±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±¬ı≈ø˘ ˛± ¬ı± ˛º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± ’±¬Ûœ ø·˘±ÀÚ √˘ ¬ı±øg ˛± ›‰¬À11Á¬±1-Ê√—·˘Ó¬ ±Ó¬ ±fl¡œ Ó≈¬ø˘¬ı± ±˚˛ ’±À1± —¢∂˝√√ fl¡1±¸±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ‡± ◊√√À˘ Œ√ √√±1 ø¬ı ∏ ¬ı± ¶aœ-¬Û≈1n∏À ∏1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œ1±·¬ı…±øÒ øÚ1±˜ ˛ √√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ±Ó¬˙±fl¡œ ø·˘±Ú Ó¬1fl¡±1œ, ¬±øÊ√,Œˆ¬±Ó«¬±, ¬Û±Ó¬±1±, Œ‰¬fl¡±, Œˆ¬˘fl¡±, Œ¬Û˘fl¡± ’±ø√ ¬ı±ÀÚ˚˛±1±øg˚± ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ø√ÚÓ¬ ‡± ◊√√À˘ Œ¬ı˜±1 ’±±Ê√±À11 ¬Û±1±˚ 1é¬±¬Û± ˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛± ø¬ıù´±¸ fl¡À1º Œ‰¬—1œ ’±¬Ûœ ø·˘±ÀÚ ±Ó¬ ±fl¡œÓ≈¬ø˘¬ı± ˜˚˛Ó¬ ·±Ú±fl¡±À1 fl¡˚˛ -

Œ˚˘± ±fl¡ Ó≈¬˘≈— ≈˝◊√√À1Œ¸˘± fl¡±˘± ¬ı±Ê√±˚˛ ¬ı“±˙œº’±À1 ¬ı“±˙œ1 ¸≈1 ‡ø¸˚˛± ¬ÛÀ1À1Ó≈¬¬ı≈ fl¡±˘± ¬ı±Ê√± ˛ ¬ı“±˙œÀ1º˙±fl¡ Ó≈¬ø˘ ˛± ’±ÀÂ√±— ≈ ◊√√À1fl¡±˘± Œ˜±fl¡ Ï≈¬˘fl¡œ˚˛± ‰¬±˚˛À1º

◊√√Ó¬…±ø√Δ¬ı˙±· ±À¸1 ‰¬Ó≈¬Ô« ø√Úfl¡± ¬ı±À √√± ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±

fl¡˚º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± fl¡±À˘ √√±˘ ±øÁ¬À˚ ø √√À ∏1 ø˙„√√± ¬ı±Ê√±˚º¤ ◊√√ ø˙„√√± ¬ı±Ê√± qøÚÀ˘ ·“±›1 ±Úø ∏ ø·˘±Ú ¤fl¡À·±È¬ √√ ˛’±À1± ·±“› ¬ı±¸œÀ˚˛ Ê√±˘-Ê√±‡±, ŒÁ¬±fl¡± ’±ø√ ˚˛± Ú√œ-ø¬ı˘Ó¬ ˜±Â√ ˜±ø1¬ı± ›À˘˚˛± ’±À¸º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı±À˝√√±1 ˜±ÀÂ√À1¤fl¡ Δ¸g…± ’±R Ó‘¬ø5À1 Œˆ¬±Ê√Ú fl¡À1º

Δ¬ı˙±· ˜±À¸1 ¬Û=˜ ø√Úfl¡± ø˙fl¡±1 ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±¬ı≈ø˘ ˛± fl¡ ˛º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± fl¡±À˘ Œ‰¬—1±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ± ø·˘±ÀÚ ›‰¬1Ó¬Á¬±1-Ê√—·˘Ó¬ ˝√√ø1Ì, ˙±˙±, ŒÚÎ¬◊˘, &˝◊√√, ’±ø√ ø˙fl¡±1fl¡ø1¬ı± ±˚˛º ø˙fl¡±1 fl¡ø1˚˛± ¬Û±›ª± ¸—À1 ·±˚˛ ø˜ø˘˚˛±Œˆ¬±Ê√ˆ¬±Ó¬ ¬ı± ¤fl¡ Δ¸g…± ’±R Ó‘¬ø5À1 Œˆ¬±Ê√Ú fl¡À1º

Δ¬ı˙±· ˜±À¸1 ¯∏á¬ ø√Úfl¡± Œ√Î¬◊ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛±fl¡˚˛º ‹ ø√Úfl¡± ’±˝◊√√À√› Ô±ÀÚ1 ’±·Ó¬ 1±‡± ’±¬Û-Á¬±¬Ûø·˘±Ú ŒÚÃÓ≈¬Ú fl≈¡˘± ¤fl¡‡±ÚÓ¬ Ó¬ø˘˚± ‚À11 ›‰¬À1-¬Û±Ê√À1

49

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

¬Û±·±1Ó¬ ŒÙ¬À˘˚± Œ√ º ’±À1± ‚À11 Ô±fl¡± Œ√Î¬◊-Œ√¬ıÓ¬±fl¡¬Û”Ê√±-’‰«¬Ú± ’±·¬ı±Ï¬±˚º g…± Œ¬ı˘± ·±“›1 ¬ı≈Ï¬±-¬ı≈Ï¬œ ¬ı± ŒÊ√á¬Ê√Úfl¡ Î¬±Àfl¡˚± ’±øÚ˚± ¤fl¡ Δ¸g± ¬±Ó¬-¬Û±Úœ ‡≈ª±˚º 1±øÓ¬Ú±˜-fl¡œM√√«Ú ’±À1± Ò « ¢∂Lö ¬Û±Í¬ fl¡1± ˛º Œ˙ ∏Ó¬ ‚À11õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡Ê√Ú √ …˚ ¤fl¡Ê√ÀÚ ’ ◊√√iß… Ê√Úfl¡ Œ¸ª± ¬øMê√ ’±À1±’±√1-¸±√À1 ’±˙π¬ı±√ ø√ ± ±Ó¬ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±fl¡ ø¬ı√±˚ Œ√ º

¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 fl¡˚˛ø√Ú ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœ Ô±ÚÓ¬¬Û”Ê√± ’‰«¬Ú± ’±À1± ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ø¬ı ∏ ± Œ˜˘± ø·˘±Ó¬ ø√Ú 1±øÓ¬ì√fl≈¡˙±Úî√ ·±Ú ‰¬±˚˛± ¸·±˚˛ ’±Úμ-Ù”¬øÓ«¬Ó¬ ’±R˝√√±1± ˝√√˚˛º¤ ◊√√ Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœ ø·˘±1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ øÚÀÊ√1 ¬ı± øÓ¬- ôL±Úfl¡ ¬±À˘1±ø‡¬ı±1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… õ∂±Ô«Ú± ’±À1± ±Ú¸ fl¡˜Ú± fl¡À1º ±Ú¸fl¡±˜Ú± ¬Û”Ì« √√ ◊√√À˘ ø¬ı ≈ª±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±À1±-Â√±·˘, õ∂¸±√±ø√ Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœ1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ’±Ô±˘ ’±·¬ı±Ï¬ˇ±˚˛º ¤—fl¡± ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ fl¡˚˛‡±Ú Ô±Ú ˝◊√√˝◊√√˘ ’±˝◊√√ ˙±fl¡Ó¬œ Ô±Ú [¸±¬ÛÈ¬¢∂±˜], ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœÔ±Ú [˙±˘Àfl¡±‰¬±], ± √√±˜± ˛± Ô±Ú [¬ı·ø1¬ı±1œ], √√±À√¬ıÔ±Ú [Ù≈¬È¬øfl¡¬ı±1œ], ’±˝◊√√ ˆ¬±G±1œ Ô±Ú [ˆ¬±›1±&ø1], ˜±fl¡±˜±‡…± Ô±Ú [Î¬◊√˜±1œ], ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ± Ô±Ú [˘é¬œ¬Û≈1]Œ˙Ã˘˜±1œ Ô±Ú [fl¡±Õfl¡Ê√±Ú] √√±˜±˚± Ô±Ú [’±À˘±fl¡Á¬±1œ]

˜˝√√±À√¬ı ¬Û±˝√√±1 Ô±Ú [Î¬◊M√√1 ˙±˘˜±1±], ˘„√√±˝◊√√ ¬Û±˝√√±1[’ˆ¬˚˛±¬Û≈1œ] ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ Ô±Ú [Ê√±˜±√±1 ˝√√±È¬], ø˙¬ı ¬ı±¬ı±Ô±Ú [øÈ¬øfl¡ øflv¡˘±], ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ Ô±Ú [‰¬±˘±fl¡±øÈ¬], ˆ”¬À˜ù´1Ô±Ú [¬ı˝◊√√È¬±˜±1œ] ’±À1± ’ÀÚfl¡ Ê√±·±Ó¬ Œ√¬ı-Œ√¬ıœ Ô±Úø·˘±Ó¬ ¬Û”Ê√±-¬Û±¬ı«Ú ˝√√ ±Ó¬ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Œ˜˘± √√ ˛º

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Œ˚ õ∂±‰¬œÚ fl¡±˜1+¬Û-fl¡±˜Ó¬± 1±ÀÊ√…1Ê√±Ó¬œ ˛ Î¬◊»¸¬ı ’±øÂ√ º ’±øÊ√› ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Œ˜˘± ˛ ’1 õ∂˜±ÚŒ√ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸¬ı Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˜±ÀÊ√1 ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏Ó¬±»¬Û «¬Û”Ì«º ¤ÀÓ¬ Œé¬Søˆ¬øMê√Ó¬ ’Ò… ˛Ú ’±À1± ·À¬ı ∏Ú±1Ô˘ ’±ÀÂ√º ˜Ú fl¡ø1¬ı± ˘±·± fl¡Ô± Œ˚ Ò˜π˚˛ ¬Û1•Û1±,¸˜±ÀÊ√1 1œøÓ¬-ÚœøÓ¬, ’±À1± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ·±Â√-·±Â√ø˘, Ó¬±-¬Û±Ó¬±, ’±ø√ ¬ıÀÚÃ¯∏øÒ ø·øÈ¬ ’Ò…˚˛ÀÚ1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ’±ÀÂ√ºøfl¡cfl¡ ¢∂±˜… ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ·±ÔøÚ ¬±„√√Ú Ò1±Ó¬ ’ÀÚfl¡ ø‡øÚfl¡±À˘1 ·øÓ¬Ó¬ øÚ–Œ˙¯∏ ˝√√ª±1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬º ‹ø·˘± ’±ø˜1±¸—1é¬Ú fl¡ø1¬ı± ¬Û±ø1À˘, ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ø¬ı:±ÚÓ¬’ÀÚfl¡ø‡øÚ Î¬◊¬Ûfl‘¡Ó¬ ˝√√˝◊√√˘ ˝√√˚˛º ’±À1± ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Ò˜π˚˛¬Û1•Û1±˚˛ ˜±Ú¬ı ¸˜±ÀÊ√1 ¸˜g˚˛ ¸—˝√√øÓ¬1 õ∂Ó¬œfl¡ ˝√√˚˛±Ô±fl≈¡fl¡º ¤˝◊√√À˚˛ Œ˜±1 ø¬ıÚ•⁄ ’Ú≈À1±Òº

50

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ø¬ÛÚ±fl¡œ 1±˚˛’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡, Œ˜ÀÚÊ√À˜KI◊ ©Ü±øÎ¬Êƒ√

ø‰¬˘±1±˚˛ ˜˝√√±ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛, Œ·±˘fl¡·?º

ëë˚±1 Ú±˝◊√√ ˆ¬±¯∏± Ó¬±1 Ú± ◊√√ ’±˙±˚±1 Ú±˝◊√√ fl‘¡ø©Ü Ó¬±1 Ú±˝◊√√ ‘√ø©Üíí

1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis ’Ô±«» [Strength][˙øMê√], [Weakness] [”√¬ı«˘Ó¬±], [Opportu-nity] [ ≈À˚±·], [Threat] [ˆ¬ ˛] ¤ ◊√√ Î¬◊¬Û√±Ú &˘± ˛Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡È¬± ¬ıd1 ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ’¬ı¶ö± ¬ı≈Ê√± ˛º Manage-ment Studies Ó¬ SWOT Analysis 1 &1n∏Q’ÀÚfl¡ Œ¬ıø˙º Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡È¬± ¬ıd ’±1y fl¡1±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬SWOT Analysis fl¡1±È¬± √1fl¡±1º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ¡Z±1±˚˛ˆ¬ø¬ı¯∏…ÀÓ¬1 ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ± [Future Planning] fl¡1±¸y¬ıº ¬± ∏± —¶‘®øÓ¬1 ÀÓ¬±Ú fl¡ø1 ’±˜±1 ¬ı…øMê√·Ó¬ ’±1Ê√±øÓ¬·Ó¬ SWOT Analysis fl¡1±È¬± ‡≈À¬ı ◊√√ √1fl¡±1ºManagement ø˙é¬±1 ¡Z±1±˚˛ ’ÀÚfl¡ Œ√À˙À1Δ˙øé¬fl¡, õ∂˙±¸øÚfl¡, ’Ô«ÕÚøÔfl¡, ±˜±øÊ√fl¡ Î¬◊ißøÓ¬ √√¬ı±1Ò ◊√√1ÀÂ√º Management Education 1 ±ˆ¬±˘±ˆ¬’±˜±1 Ê√±øÓ¬È¬±› ŒÚ›˚˛±È¬± ¤fl¡±ôL ˆ¬±À¬ı ‡≈À¬ı˝◊√√ √1fl¡±1√√ ˛± ¬Û ◊√√1ÀÂ√º ¤fl¡È¬± ˜ ˛Ó¬ ’±˜±À1 √√±1±Ê√± Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ú

ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛ 1±Ê√… ˙±¸Ú fl¡˝◊√√1øÂ√˘ ’±1 ¤˘± ’±˜1±¸˜’øÒfl¡±1 ·ÌÓ¬±øLafl¡ Œ√ Ó¬ ’ ◊√√ÀÚ…1 ¡Z±1± ±ø ∏Ó¬ √√ ◊√√º¸˜’øÒfl¡±À11 Œ√ Ó¬ ’±˜±1 Ê√Ú¸—‡…± ’Ú≈¬Û±ÀÓ¬ ’±˜±1

Ê√Úõ∂øÓ¬øÚøÒ ø¬ıÒ±Ú¸ˆ¬±, Œ˘±fl¡¸ˆ¬± ’±1 1±Ê√…¸ˆ¬±Ó¬ Ú± ◊√√ºManagement [¬Ûø1Â√˘Ú±1] ’ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ ’±˜1± Î¬◊·˝√√±1±˝◊√√øÂ√ ’±1 ¤˘± Identity Crisis Ó¬ ˆ¬”ø· ’±øÂ√º’±˜1± ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡1± ø˙é¬±1 Î¬◊¬Û1± ¬Û˚«…±À˘±‰¬Ú± ˝√√›˚˛±È¬±√1fl¡±1 ’±1 ¤fl¡¬ı±1 ø‰¬ôL± fl¡1± √1fl¡±1 ’ ◊√√Ú… Ê√±øÓ¬ ’±˜±1Ô±øfl¡ ’±À·˚˛± Œ·˝◊√√˘ ’±1 ’±˜1± ¤ÀÓ¬± ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ¬Û˝◊√√1˘—Œfl¡ÀÚ! øÚ(˚ ’±˜1± ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ø˙é¬±1 Ô±øfl¡ ’ÀÚfl¡ ”√1Ó¬º’±˜1± Œ˚ ◊√√&˘± ø¬ı ∏ ˛ øÚ ˛± ’±1 Œ˚ ◊√√&˘± ±Ò…˜Ó¬ ¬ÛÏ¬ˇ±-qÚ± fl¡ø1 Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ’±˜±1 ¬ı≈øX1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ’±1 ‰¬±fl¡ƒø1-¬ı±fl¡ƒø1¬Û±›˚±È¬± ‡≈À¬ı ◊√√ fl¡©Üfl¡1º È¬±Î¬◊Ú-˙ √√1Ó¬ ø¬ı:±Ú,¬ı±øÌÊ√… ’±ø√˙±‡±Ó¬ ¬ÛÏ¬ˇ± qÚ± fl¡ø1 ’˝◊√√Ú… Ê√±øÓ¬À˚˛ ˆ¬±˘ˆ¬±˘ ‰¬±fl¡ƒø1-¬ı±fl¡ƒø1 fl¡À1 ’±1 ’±˜±1 Œ‰¬—1±-Œ‰¬—1œ&˘± Œ¬ıfl¡±À11‡±Ó¬±Ó¬ Ú±˜ ˘±·±˚˛º Œ˜±1 ¬ı…øMê·Ó¬ Ò±1Ì± ˜ÀÓ¬ ’±˜±1˜±Úƒø¯∏&˘± √¬ı± ø˙øé¬Ó¬ ¸˜±Ê√ ’˝◊√√Ú… ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ¬ı±À√›1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏± [˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±], ø √√μœ [1±©Ü™ ¬± ∏±] ’±1 ◊√√—1±Ê√œ[ø¬ıù´ˆ¬± ∏±] ¤ ◊√√ øÓ¬ÚÈ¬± Ê√± ◊√√ÚÀ˘ ø¬ıù´ ø¬ıÊ√ fl¡1±È¬± ’¸yªŒfl¡±ÀÚ± fl¡±1ÌÀÓ¬ √√¬ı±1 Ú± √√ º 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ˆ¬± ∏±1 SWOTAnalysis ŒÂ√±A fl¡ø1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ Œ√›˚˛± √√˝◊√√˘ ñ

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Strength¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœ1 ¸¬ı«Ó¬˜ ‹øÓ¬˝√√…˜øGÓ¬ Ê√±øÓ¬&˘±1

øˆ¬øÓ¬1± ¤fl¡ ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ø¬ıù´ ˜˝√√±¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛1 ¬ı—˙Ò1Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√±øÓ¬º

¬¬Û”1Ì± fl¡±˜1+¬Û fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1 1±ÀÊ√…1 ‹øÓ¬˝√√… ¬ı˝√√Úfl¡±1œ¬ı—˙Ò1 Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ’±1 Œ¸ ◊√√ Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ·±˚’±˜±fl¡ ˆ¬”ø˜¬Û≈S ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛º

¬’±˜±1 ‹øÓ¬ √√±ø¸fl¡ ø¬ı¬ı1Ì ’±ÀÂ√ Œ˚˜Ú-Œ·±¸±øÚ˜±1œ¬Û±È¬, Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı √√±1 1±Ê√¬ı±Î¬ˇœ, fl¡±˜±‡…± ˜øμ1, Œ·±˝√√±“˝◊√√fl¡˜˘ ’±˘œ, Ê√˘À¬Û˙ ø˙¬ı øμ1, √√ ˛ø¢∂¬ı øμ1, Ò≈¬Û≈1¸S, ¬ı1À¬ÛÈ¬± ¸S, √œ‚˘œ ¬Û≈‡≈1œ ’±À1± ’ÀÚfl¡º

¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœ1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂±ôLÓ¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1± 1±Ê√ª—˙œ1Ê√Ú¸—‡…±- ŒÚ¬Û±˘ 7 ±‡, ¬ı±—˘±À√˙-19 ±‡, ø¬ı˝√√±1-35 ˘±‡, Œ¬ıe˘- 72 ˘±‡, ’±¸±˜-75 ˘±‡, øS¬Û≈1±-11 ˘±‡, Œ˜‚±˘˚˛- 30 √√±Ê√±1º

Œˆ¬Ã·ø˘fl¡ ˆ¬±À¬ı Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√… ˆ¬±· fl¡ø1À˘› ˆ¬±¯∏±¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ¤˘±› ¬±· √√˚˛ Ú±˝◊√√º

ˆ¬≈ø˜¬Û≈S √√› ˛±1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ¬± ∏± —¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡Ó¬±11+À¬Û ¤˘±› ¬ÛÀ1 Ú± ◊√√ ’±1 ŒÓ¬¬Û≈1±øÌ ¬± ∏± —¶‘®øÓ¬ ’±˜±1˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¤˘±› ¬ı±À‰¬ ˛± 1± ◊√√‡øÂ√º

1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏± Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1 1±ÀÊ√…1 1±Ê√… ¬± ∏±º1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏± Œfl¡±‰¬ fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1Ó¬ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡1± ·±À1

˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±ºWeakness

’øõ∂˚˛ ¸Ó¬… ¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœ1 ¸·±À1 øˆ¬Ó¬1± ¤fl¡ Ú•§1’±˘ø¸ ˛± Ê√±øÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√±øÓ¬º

Œfl¡±‰¬1±ÀÊ√…1 ‰¬Sê±ôL ” fl¡ ø¬ıˆ¬±Ê√Ú ’±1 ’Ú… 1±Ê√…Ó¬’ôLˆ¬”«øMê√ √√›˚±1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ’±˜±1 ¬ı·À˘1 1±Ê√… ¬ı± Œ√À˙À1˜±Ú≈¯∏&˘±1 ‡¬ı1 ’±˜1± Ú± ŒÚ˝◊√√º

øÚÀÊ√À1 ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ Œ˘fl¡±-Œ˜˘± fl¡1±1 ’ˆ¬…±¸Ó≈¬˘Ú± ”˘fl¡ ¬ˆ¬±À¬ı fl¡˜º

1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±, fl‘¡ø©Ü, Ê√±øÓ¬1 ¬ı ◊√√-¬ÛS, ‡¬ıÀ11 fl¡±·Ê√,’±À˘±‰¬Úœ ’±ø√1 õ∂fl¡±˙ Ó≈¬˘Ú±˜”˘fl¡ ˆ¬±À¬ı

fl¡˜º1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ı± 1±Ê√ª—˙œ1 ¸•§Àg ¬ı˝◊√√-¬ÛS ¬ÛÏ¬ˇ±

’±1 Œfl¡Ú±1 ’ˆ¬…±¸ ‡≈À¬ı˝◊√√ fl¡˜º1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¢∂Lö±˘ ˛ Library ’±1 —¢∂± √√ ˛ Mu-

seum Î¬◊· Ê√±·±Ó¬ Ú±˝◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡¬ı±1 ¬ Û± ◊√√º’±ÀÂ√ ·1n∏ Ú±À¬ı±˚±˚ √√±˘, ·ø1À¬ı1 ≈√‡– ¬ı«fl¡±˘º ’±ÀÂ√

ˆ¬±¯∏± Ú±fl¡À1 ‰¬‰«¬±, 1±Ê√ª—˙œ1 ≈√‡– ¬ı«fl¡±˘ºOpportunity

¸±1± ø¬ıù´Ó¬ 2.5 Œfl¡±øÈ¬À1± Œ¬ıø˙ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ ±Ú≈ ∏’±ÀÂ√ ’±ÀÂ√ Ó¬±À1 øˆ¬Ó¬1± õ∂±˚˛ 90 ˘±‡ ’±¸±˜Ó¬º

’±¸±À˜1 ˜≈Í¬ Ê√Ú¸—‡…± 3.30 Œfl¡±øÈ¬1 øˆ¬Ó¬1± 90

˘±‡ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ ’Ô«±» ’±¸±À˜1 ¬ı«¬ı‘ √√Ó¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œº1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ¬ı˝◊√√, ‡¬ıÀ11 fl¡±·Ê√ ’±ø√

õ∂À‰¬±˘ÀÚ1 ˚ÀÔ©Ü Î¬◊»¸ ’±ÀÂ√º’±˜±1 ¤È¬±˝◊√√1 ˜±Ú≈À¯∏1 ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ’¬ı¶ö± ˆ¬±˘

Ú± √√ ◊√√À˘› ¬± ∏±, fl‘¡ø©Ü, —¶‘®øÓ¬1 õ∂‰¬±1 ø¬ıù´ √1¬ı±1Ó¬ fl¡1±1˚ÀÔ©Ü ¸≈À˚±· ¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ’±ÀÂ√º

¸±ø √√Ó¬…, —¶‘®øÓ¬1 ¡Z±1±› ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ’¬ı¶ö± ¬±˘ fl¡1±˚±˚˛ ø√ Œ¸˝◊√√È¬± øÍ¬fl¡ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ Ò1± √√˚˛º

ŒÚ¬Û±˘Ó¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ˆ¬± ∏± 1fl¡±1œ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ±ˆ¬ fl¡1±1Ù¬˘Ó¬ ø˙é¬±1 ±Ò…˜ ’±1 1fl¡±1œ ¬±¯∏± ø˝√√¸±À¬ı ÀÔ©Ü’¢∂·øÓ¬ ±ˆ¬ fl¡ ◊√√1ÀÂ√º øÍ¬fl¡ ŒÓ¬ ≈Ú fl¡ø1 ’±˜±1 ¤È¬± ◊√√À ˛±¸·±˚˛ ¤fl¡¸±ÀÔ ¸˝√√À˚±· fl¡˝◊√√1À˘ Œ¸˝◊√√È¬± fl¡1±È¬± ¸y¬ı√√ ◊√√À¬ıº

ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 Œfl¡f ¸1fl¡±À11 ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ¤fl¡±ÀÎ¬˜œÀ˚˛ 28

’±À"√√±¬ı1 2010 ¸ÚÓ¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œˆ¬±¯∏±È¬±fl¡ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ fl¡±˜È¬±˚˛ ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛¸—ø¬ıÒ±ÀÚ1 ¯∏á¬ ’Ú≈¸”‰¬œÓ¬ ’ôLˆ¬”«Mê√ fl¡1±1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… ¤fl¡Ò±¬Û fl¡±˜ ’±À· øÚÀÂ√º

ˆ¬±¯∏± ¸±ø˝√√ÀÓ¬…1 Î¬◊ißøÓ¬1 ¸±ÔÓ¬ ’±˜±1 Ê√±øÓ¬È¬±1’±R-¸ij±Ú Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ √√˚˛± ’±ÀÂ√º ¬ˆ¬±¯∏± ±ø˝√√Ó¬…˝◊√√ Ê√±øÓ¬fl¡¤fl¡À·±È¬ fl¡ø1 1±˝◊√√‡À¬ı ’±1 ’±˜±1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ’±Àμ±˘Ú¶§±Ô«fl¡ fl¡˝◊√√1À¬ıº ı±—˘±À√˙, ø˜ÀÊ√±1±À˜1 ·Í¬Ú ˆ¬±¯∏±

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’±Àμ±˘ÀÚ1 ¡Z±1± ˛ ◊√√√√øÂ√ ºThreat

’±øÊ√ ’±˜±1 ’øô¶Q ‰¬± ◊√√À1±¬Û±fl¡ ø√ ± ·ˆ¬œ1 —fl¡È¬Ó¬ºŒfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1 1±Ê√¸ˆ¬±Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡˚˛± ˜˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏ ˙Ç1À√¬ı

’¸˜œ˚˛± ±ø˝√√Ó¬… ’±1 ¬Û≈1n∏À¯∏±M√√˜ ø¬ı√…±¬ı±·ƒø‰¬À˚ ı±—˘±¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…1 Ê√ij ø√øÂ√À˘fl¡º ’±˜±À1 ’Ú≈Àõ∂1Ì±Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ≈√˝◊√√¬ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ‘ø©Ü ’±1 ’±øÊ√ ’±˜±À1 ’¬ı¶ö± Ú±˝◊√√º

≈ —·øÍ¬Ó¬ Ú± √√› ˛±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ’ÀÚÀfl¡ ’±˜±1 1±Ê√ª—˙œˆ¬±¯∏±È¬±fl¡ ’Ú… ¬±¯∏±1 Î¬◊¬Ûˆ¬±¯∏± ø˝√√¸±À¬ı fl¡›˚˛±1Ò‘©ÜÓ¬± fl¡À1º

’±˜1± ˝√√Ê√ÀÓ¬ øÚÀÊ√1 ¬±¯∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ¬”ø˘ ±˚˛±’˝◊√√Ú… ¬ˆ¬±¯∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ øÚ˚˛± ’±R˝√√±1± ˝ √ √˚ ˛ ± ˚±¬ı±1Ò ◊√√1øÂ√º

’±˜±1 ¬± ∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ø√ ± Ú±˜ ŒÙ¬±ÀÈ¬˚± ’±˜±À1 ¬± ∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 Ú±˜ ’˝◊√√Ú… 1±À‡ Œ˚˜Ú 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏± ’±1

·±ÀÚ1 Ú±˜ Œ·±ª±˘¬Û±1œ˚˛±, Œ√˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛º’±øÊ√1 ø¬ı:±Ú ’±1 õ∂˚≈øMê√ ø¬ı√…±1 ≈·Ó¬ ø√ ’±˜±1

ˆ¬±¯∏± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1 Î¬◊ißøÓ¬ fl¡ø11 Ú±¬Û±˝◊√√ Ó¬±˝√√˝◊√√À˘ ’±˜±1ˆ¬ø¬ı¯∏…Ó¬ õ∂Ê√ij 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ õ∂˜±Ì Œ√›˚˛±È¬± ‡≈À¬ı˝◊√√fl¡©Üfl¡1 √√ ◊√√À¬ıº

1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏± ±ø √√Ó¬…, fl¡˘±-fl‘¡ø©Ü1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ Ú± √√ ◊√√À˘1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√±øÓ¬1 Î¬◊ißøÓ¬ y¬ı Ú±˝ √ √˚ ˛ ’±1¸±˜±øÊ√fl¡,’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡, 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ¬±À¬ı ø‰¬1ø√Ú ’ ◊√√ÀÚ…1¡Z±1± Œ˙±ø¯∏Ó¬ √√˚˛± Ô±˝◊√√fl¡À¬ıº

ëëÊ√ ˛ ¬Û”Ì… ¬”ø˜ ¬ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı ∏«Ê√ ˛ Œfl¡±‰¬-fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1 1±Ê√…

Ê√ ˛ √√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ú-ø‰¬˘±1± ˛Ê√˚˛ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ ±ø˝√√Ó¬… ˆ¬±

Ê√ ˛ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬íí

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Î¬◊˜±fl¡±ôL 1±˚˛¸˝√√fl¡±1œ ’Ò…±¬Ûfl¡, ’¸˜œ ˛± ø¬ıˆ¬±·

˝√√±˘±fl≈¡1± ˜˝√√±ø¬ı√…±˘˚˛º

¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√ª—˙œˆ¬±¯∏±1¡ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± – ¤fl¡ƒÚ± ’±ˆ¬±¸

ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 Î¬◊M√√1-¬Û”¬ıÓ¬ ¬ı¸Ó¬ fl¡1± Ú‘-Œ·±á¬œ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√ÚÊ√±øÓ¬1 ˆ¬±¯∏± 1±Ê√ª—˙œº ’¸À˜1 √øé¬Ì-¬Ûø(˜, ¬ı±—˘±À√À˙1 Î¬◊M√√1-¬Û”ª, ŒÚ¬Û±À˘1 Œ˜±1—, Á¬±¬Û±,ˆ”¬È¬±ÀÚ1 Î≈¬˚˛±‰«¬, Î¬◊M√√1¬ı—·, ø¬ı˝√√±À11 ¬Û”øÌ«˚˛± ’=˘fl¡¸±„≈√√ø1 ˛± Ô±fl¡± Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ª—˙œ&˘±ÀÚ1 ¬± ∏± 1±Ê√ª—˙œºÊ√±·± ø¬ıÀ˙À ∏ øÚÊ√Àfl¡ ëŒ√ œ ±Úø ∏í ’±1 Î¬◊ ±1 ¬± ∏±È¬±fl¡ëŒ√˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±í ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛º ¬ı±—˘±1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬&˘±ÀÚ ¬ı±—˘±1Î¬◊¬Ûˆ¬±¯∏± ’±1 ’¸˜œ˚˛± ¬ÛøGÓ¬&˘±ÀÚ Œ·±ª±˘¬Û1œ˚˛±Î¬◊¬Ûˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¤Àfl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±fl¡ Ê√±·± ø¬ıÀ˙À¯∏fl¡±˜Ó¬± ◊√√, fl¡±˜Ó¬±¬Û≈1œ, 1±Ê√ª—˙œ, 1±Ê√¬ıÚƒ œ, Ó¬±Ê√¬Û≈1œ ˛±ˆ¬± ∏± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡ ˛º ¤ ◊√√ Ú±˜fl¡1ÀÌ1 ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ¬± ∏±ø¬ı:±ÀÚ1¸”S ˜ÀÓ¬ fl¡ÀÓ¬±‡±øÚ qX, ¤ÀÓ¬ ¤fl¡È¬± ˆ¬±ªÀ¬ı±Òfl¡ ø‰¬Úƒ1 ˛± Œ· ◊√√ÀÂ√º ¤ÀÓ¬ øÚ1ÀÛé¬ ’±1 ≈Ñ ø¬ıÀ ° À∏Ì1 ’ˆ¬±¬ıŒ√ø‡1 ¬Û±˝◊√√√º ˚±1 ¬ı±À√ ¤Àfl¡ ˆ¬±¯∏±fl¡ ø·øÚø¬Ûflƒ¡ ¬ı±ÀÚ˚˛±Ú±Ú± ≈øÚÀ˚ Ú±Ú± Ó¬ Œ√›ª± Œ√ø‡1 ¬Û± ◊√√º 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1¬Ûø1¸1 ’±1 Œˆ¬Ã·ø˘fl¡ ¤À˘fl¡±1 øˆ¬øÓ¬ ‰¬±˚˛± ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ˆ¬± ∏± ø¬ı:±ÀÚ1 ≈S ˛ ◊√√ ˛±fl¡ ‡GÚ fl¡À1º Ù¬˘Ó¬ ¬±1Ó¬œ ˛¸±ø √√Ó¬… ’fl¡±ÀÎ¬˜œÀ˚ 2009 ‰¬ÚÓ ë1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏± ij±Úíø√˚˛± ë1±Ê√ª—˙œí Ú±˜È¬±fl¡ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ø√À˘fl¡º

¬Ûø(˜ ’¸˜ ˜±ÀÚ ’ø¬ıˆMê√ Œ·±˚˛±˘¬Û±1±º’ø¬ıˆMê Œ·±˚˛±˘¬Û±1± øÊ√˘±Ó¬ ¸¬ı«±øÒfl¡ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±

‰¬À˘º ’ø¬ıˆMê Œ·± ˛±˘¬Û±1± ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú Ò≈¬ı≈1œ, Œfl¡±fl¡1±Á¬±1,ø‰¬1±—, ¬ıe±˝◊√√·±›“ ’±1 Œ·±˚˛±˘¬Û±1± øÊ√˘±Ó¬ ø¬ıˆ¬Mêº ¤˝◊√√¬Û±‰¬‡±Ú øÊ√˘±Ó¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¸±‘√˙… ’±ÀÂ√’±1 ’±=ø˘fl¡ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± Ô±fl¡±È¬± ‡≈À¬ı ¶§±ˆ¬±ø¬ıfl¡º Ûø(˜’¸˜Ó¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 ¬±· ¬Û± ◊√√ ‰¬± ◊√√1A± Á¬±1n∏ª±, ‰¬1n∏ª±,‚≈~œ˚±, ŒÎ¬±‡1œ˚±º Ê√±·±1 Ú±À˜1 øˆøM√√Ó¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1ˆ¬±· ¬Û±˝◊√√ Œ·Ã1œ¬Û≈1œ˚˛±, ˙±˘Œfl¡±‰¬œ˚˛±, Œfl¡±fl¡1±Á¬±1œ˚˛±,Œ¸1Ù¬±—&1œ ˛±, ¬ıe± ◊√√·± ◊√√ ˛±º ◊√√ ˛±1 Œ·±Î¬ˇ±ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬¬Û≈1±øÌfl¡±˘Ó¬ Œ˚±·±À˚±À·1 ’ˆ¬±ªº øˆ¬ißÓ¬±1 Œ·±Î¬±ÀÓ¬ Ò√ıøÚ·Ó¬,1+¬Û·Ó¬. s·Ó¬, ¬ı±fl¡…·Ó¬, ’Ô«·Ó¬ 1+À¬Û1 ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬Úº ¬± ∏±¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬ÀÚ1 fl¡±1fl¡ ’ÀÚfl¡º Œ˚˜≈Ú- Œˆ¬Ã·ø˘fl¡ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙,¸±—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ õ∂ˆ¬±ª, 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ õ∂ˆ¬±ªº ’±À˘±‰¬Ú±1 ≈ø¬ıÒ±1¬ı±À√ ¬¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙’±1 ¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙ ø˝√√¸±À¬ı Ó≈¬ø˘ Ò1±1 Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡ø1˘≈—º

¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Ò√ıøÚ·Ó¬øˆ¬ißÓ¬± – Ò√ıøÚ·Ó¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ˜±ÀÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡È¬± ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬õ∂À ˛±· √› ˛± Ò√ıøÚ ˜±À ˛1 ±ÀÔ ±ÀÔ ‹Ú… Ò√ıøÚ1 1+¬ÛŒÚ› ˛±fl¡ Ò√ıøÚ ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬Ú ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡¬ı±1 ¬Û± ◊√√º ¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜11±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 Ò√ıøÚ·Ó¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ’±√…, Ò…, ’ôL…¶ö±ÚÓ¬√√ ˛º ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙Ó¬ ë˘í ’±1 ë1í õ∂À ˛±· Œ√ø‡1 ¬Û± ◊√√º ¬Ûø(˜

’—˙Ó¬ ë˘í ’±1 ë1í 1 Ê√±·±Ó¬ ëÚí ’±1 ë’í Ò√ıøÚ1 õ∂À ˛±·

54

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

’±√…¶ö±ÚÓ¬ √√˚˛º Œ˚˜≈Ú-¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜

± Ú±˘±Î¬◊ Ú±Î¬◊˘¬ıÚ Ú≈ÚŒ1˘ ŒÚ˘1 ˛± Ú ˛±1— ’—1 ◊√√Ó¬ ’ ◊√√Ó¬’±√…¶ö±ÚÓ¬ ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙Ó¬ ë’±í Ò√ıøÚ ¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙Ó¬

ë’í Ò√ıøÚ √√˚˛º Œ˚˜≈Ú-¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜fl¡±Ô± fl¡Ô±¸±‰¬± ¸‰¬±·±Â√ ·Â√˜Ò√…¶ö±ÚÓ¬ ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙Ó¬ ë’í Ò√ıøÚ ¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙Ó¬

ë›í Ò√ıøÚ √√˚˛º Œ˚˜≈Ú-¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜Œ√±Ó¬1± Œ√±ÀÓ¬±1±˜±Ê√Ó¬ ˜±ÀÊ√±Ó¬Œ˜±fl¡¸ Œ˜±Àfl¡±¸ŒÔ±Ó¬˘± ŒÔ±ÀÓ¬±˘±’ôL…√¶ö±ÚÓ¬ ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙Ó¬ ë’í Ò√ıøÚ ¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙Ó¬

ë¤í Ò√ıøÚ √√˚˛º Œ˚˜≈Ú-¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜Ê√±øÚ¬ı Ê√±øÚÀ¬ıÒø1¬ı Òø1À¬ı’ôL√…¶ö±ÚÓ¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ’Ú≈¶§±À1 ë—í 1

õ∂À˚˛±· ’ÀÚfl¡ Œ¬ıø¸º Œ˚˜≈Ú-¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜Œ√ø‡˘— Œ√ø‡ ≈—¬ıø1˘— ¬ıø1 ≈—‡± ◊√√ — ‡± ◊√√ ≈—’±øÂ√ — ’±øÂ√ ≈—

’±ø √√ — ’±ø¸ ≈—1+¬Û·Ó¬ ø√˙ ˜±ÀÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡È¬± ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ŒÂ√±A

ŒÂ√±A ’Ô«·Ó¬ 1+¬Ûº ¤˝◊√√ 1+À¬Û1 ¸—À˚±Ê√ÚÓ¬ ˙s ¸‘ø©Ü,˙s ·Í¬ÚÓ¬ 1+À¬Û1 ˆ”¬ø˜fl¡± &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì«º Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜11±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 1+¬Û·Ó¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ¬Û± ◊√√ –

øÚø«√©ÜÓ¬±¬ı±‰¬fl¡ õ∂Ó¬…À ˛1 õ∂À ˛±·–øÚø«√©ÜÓ¬±¬ı±‰¬fl¡ õ∂Ó¬… ˛ ¬Û”¬ı ¬ Ûø(˜-‡±Ú, -Œ·± ¬ı ◊√√‡±Ú, ¬ı ◊√√À·± Œ¬ı± ◊√√‡±Ú-Â√ø1, -Â√1± fl¡˘±Â√1±, fl¡À˘±Â√1±

fl¡˘±Â√ø1, fl¡˘±ÀÂ√±1±-È¬±, -Œ·± ·1n∏È¬±, ·1n∏À·± ·1n∏È¬±- ≈Í¬±,- ≈È¬± ¬Û±Ú ≈Í¬± ¬Û±Ú ≈È¬±-Á¬±fl¡ ¬Ûø‡Á¬±fl¡ Œ¬Û±ø‡Á¬±fl¡-‰¬±fl¡± ’±˜‰¬±fl¡± ’±˜‰¬±fl¡±-¬ı±√±,-Œ¬ıÒ± & ˛±¬ı±√±, & ˛±À¬ıÒ±

& ˛±¬ı±√±-¬Û±˘ ·1n∏¬Û±˘ Œ·±1n∏¬Û±˘-È≈¡flƒ¡1± ˜±Â√È≈¬flƒ¡1± ˜±Â√È≈¬fl≈1±-ŒÁ¬±¬Û±,-ŒÔ±¬Û± Ù≈¬˘ÀÁ¬±¬Û±,Ù≈¬˘ÀÔ±¬Û±

Ù≈¬˘ÀÁ¬±¬Û±,Ù≈¬˘ÀÔ±¬Û±- √√±Ó¬± fl¡˘ √√±Ó¬± fl¡˘± √√±Ó¬±¬ıU¬ı‰¬Ú¬ı±‰¬fl¡ õ∂Ó¬…À˚1 õ∂À˚˛±·–˛¬ıU¬ı‰¬Ú¬ı±‰¬fl¡ õ∂Ó¬…˚˛¬Û”¬ı ¬ Ûø(˜-&˘±,-&˘±Ú, ˜±Úø ∏ø·˘±,√√ ±Úø ∏&˘±.- ø·˘±,-ø·˘±Ú, ˜±Úø ∏ø·˘±Ú,-ø·˘±„√√, -ø·øÈ¬, -˜±‡±˛ ˜±Ú≈ø·˘±„,

˜±Ú≈ ±‡±˜±Ú≈ø·øÈ¬

¸¬ı«Ú±À˜1 õ∂À ˛±·–¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜˜˚˛ ≈ ◊√√Ó¬˚ Ó≈¬ ◊√√

55

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

Ó≈¬˜±,Ó≈¬ø˜1± ŒÓ¬±˜1±, ŒÓ¬±˜1±&˘±Ú’±ø˜1±, ’±˜± ’±˜1±›˚˛ Î¬◊ 1±◊√√ø˜ ◊√√ 1±

¤ ◊√√À·± ¤ ◊√√È¬±¸± ◊√√À·± Œ¸ ◊√√È¬±¬ˆ¬± ∏±1 Ò√ıøÚ·Ó¬ ’±1 1+¬Û·Ó¬ ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬ÀÚ1 Ó¬Ú

˙s ’±1 ’Ô«1 ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ«¬Ú √√ º Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬± ∏± ¤fl¡È¬±1 s1‰¬˘ fl¡ø˜ ±˚ ’±1 fl≈¡ÀÚ±¸À˜ Ú˚± Ú˚± s1 ‘ø©Ü √√ , Ù¬˘Ó¬˙s·Ó¬ ’±1 ’Ô«·Ó¬ ¬Ûø1ªÓ«¬Ú Œ√ø‡1 ¬Û± ◊√√º Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜11±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 ’Ô«·Ó¬¬’±1n∏ s·Ó¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± Œ˚ ≈Ú,

¬¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜¬Û±Úø‰¬øÚ Œ¸±Ì±fl¡±À¬Û±11±øÎ¬ ’fl≈¡˜È¬±’±¬Û± Œ‰¬—1±’±ø¬Û Œ‰¬—1œ√±√œ fl¡±fl¡±ø¬ıøÓ¬ ˜±¸œˆ¬±Î¬◊Ê√œ Œ¬ıÃÎ¬◊ø√øˆ¬Úƒø¸ ¬ıÚ≈˜± √√± ˜±Î¬◊ ±Œ¬ı √√± ◊√√ ø¬ı˚± ◊√√ø¬ı √√±øÚ ø¬ı˚±øÚÚ±fl¡±1 ø¬ı˘± ◊√√‰¬±·˘ Â√±·˘

˙± ◊√√ fl¡± ˙±À1±¬Û±1 fl¡ ◊√√Ó¬1¬ı±fl¡… ˜±ÀÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤fl¡È¬± ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ¬ÛÀ√1

’±ôL–¸•ÛÀfl«¡1 ø¬ıÀ˙°¯∏Ìº ¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√ª—˙œˆ¬±¯∏±1¬ ı±fl¡…·Ó¬¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ’ÀÚfl¡ Œ¬ıø¸º Œ˚˜≈Ú-

¬Û”¬ı ¬Ûø(˜≈ ◊√√ ¬ÛÏ¬ˇ— ˜ ˛ ¬ÛÎ¬≈¬ˇ—

Ó¬ ˛ øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û ¬ÛøÏ¬ˇ ∑ Ó≈¬ ◊√√ ¬ı ◊√√ ¬ÛøÏ¬ˇ ∑Ó≈¬ø˜1± ¬±Ó¬ ‡± ◊√√À˘±∑ ŒÓ¬±˜1± ˆ¬±Ó¬

‡± ◊√√À˘Ú∑’±ø˜1± ¬±Ó¬ ‡±— ’±˜1± ¬±Ó¬ ‡± ◊√√’˚˛ fl¡±Ô±È¬± √±À¸ Ú±¬Û±˚˛ Î¬ ◊˚˛±˚˛ fl¡Ô±È¬±

Ê√±ÀÚ Ú±¤À˘ Ú±‡±— ¤˘±˚ Ú±‡±—Œ·±ô¶œ‡±Ú fl≈¡ÚÀ¬ı˘± ’±ø √√À˘±ÀÓ¬

¸±·± ◊√√&˘±fl¡Ú¸À˜ ’±ø¸À˘Ú ¬ı±Ù≈¬À1, ‡¬ı1 Œfl¡—fl¡±∑¬ı±À1, ‡¬ı1 Œfl¡˜≈Ú∑ Ê√±y±À·± ¬ı≈Ê√±˚˛Ú±¬Û±˚ Œˆ¬±√± ◊√√È¬±

¬ı≈ÀÊ√ Ú±¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1¬¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ’ÀÚfl¡

Œ¬ıø¸º Ò√ıøÚ, 1+¬Û, ˙s, ’Ô«, ¬ı±fl¡…·Ó¬ øˆ¬ißÓ¬±1 ’ÀÚfl¡fl¡±1fl¡ ’±1 fl¡±1Ì ’±ÀÂ√º ¤ ◊√√ fl¡±1fl¡ ’±1 fl¡±1Ì qXˆ¬±ÀªøÚ1é¬Ì ’±1 Œé¬S ’Ò…˚˛Ú fl¡˝◊√√1À˘ ¬Ûø(˜ ’¸À˜11±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±1 øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ø¬ıø1 ˛± ¬Ûø1À¬ıº

56

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1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ø˙˘≈fl¡ ’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ¬¬ı¸ôL fl≈¡˜±1 √±¸

¸ˆ¬±¬ÛøÓ¬1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏± Œ¸ª± ¬Ûø1¯∏√, ø¬ı˝√√±1

Œ˚ fl≈¡Úƒ √√ ˆ¬± ∏±1 ¸±ø √√Ó¬…Óƒ¬ ø˙ ≈fl¡ ’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ1ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ˜ √√Q ŒÂ√º ø˙ ≈fl¡ ’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ √√ÀÂ√ ˆ¬± ∏±1 ’—·º¬ı±—˘± ˆ¬± ∏±1 ˜±øÓ¬Ú ˝√√±˜±1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬± ∏±Óƒ¬- ˛ ø˙ ≈fl¡’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ1 ’ˆ¬±¬ı øÚ ŒÂ√º Â√È¬-Â√È¬ Â≈√˚˛±˘± ø˙˘≈fl¡’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ˘±1 ‡≈¬ı Œõ∂˜œº ’˜±1 ¬ı± ’˜˝√√±1 ˝◊√√˘±1øÓ¬ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ’øˆ¬1n∏ø‰¬ Œ√‡±˘ ˚±ÀÂ√º ø˙˘≈ ¸±ø˝√√ÀÓ¬…1 ø˙é¬±1’±Ò±1 ø˙ ≈fl¡ ’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ˘± ø√ ˛± ◊√√ øÚ «±Ú √√ÀÂ√º ø˙ ≈fl¡’±1 Ù¬±fl¡1œ˘±1 fl¡±Ô±˘± Â≈√˚˛±˘± øÚÀÊ√1 ˜±-¬ı±¬Û, ¬ı≈Î¬ˇ±-¬ı≈Î¬ˇœ ’±1 Ú±Ú±-Ú±Úœ1 øÍ¬ ˛±ÚÀÓ¬ ø˙‡≈ ˛± ¬Û±À1ÀÂ√º ø˙ ≈fl¡

ø˙ ≈fl¡˘±fl¡ ¬ı±—˘± ˆ¬± ∏±Óƒ¬ ëëøÂ√ fl¡±íí ’±1 ø √√μœˆ¬±¯∏±Óƒ¬ ëë¬ı≈ÀÁ¡±¬ı˘íí fl¡˝√√ÀÂ√º ø˙˘≈fl¡˘± ˝√√ÀÂ√ Œˆ¬˘fl¡œ ¬ı±ˆ¬≈1fl¡œ ø√À ˛ fl¡±Ô± fl¡˝√√¬ı±1 ¤fl¡ õ∂fl¡±À11 ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ Δ˙˘œº√¸1± fl¡±Ô±Óƒ¬ ø˙˘≈Àfl¡1 ¬ı…Ú?Ú± ’Ô« ˝√√ÀÂ√ ¬ı± ˝◊√√˝√√±fl¡¬ıÀSêøMê√ ¬ı˝√√¬ı± ¬Û±ø1º ø˙ ≈Àfl¡1 ’Ô« ¶Û©Ü fl¡1n∏ ˛±1 ’ÀÚ¬ı± ’Ô« ˆ¬±—øÓ¬1 Ó¬±ÀÚ ø˙˘≈fl¡ fl¡˝√√ÀÚ˚˛±˘±, Œ|Ó¬±˘±fl¡ø˙˘≈fl¡ Ê√Ú±˚˛ Œ˙¯∏Óƒ¬ õ∂ùü fl¡À1ÀÂ√º ø˙˘≈fl¡ fl¡˝√√ÀÚ˚˛±˘±Ê√±Ú≈˚˛± ‰¬±˝√√±ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ¤1± ø˙˘≈Àfl¡1 ’Ô« ¬ı≈Á≈¡˚˛± ¬Û±ø1˘ Ú±øÚ ¬Û±ø1˘º ˚ø√ Â≈√˚˛±˘± ø˙˘≈Àfl¡1 ’Ô« ¬ı≈Á≈¡˚˛± øÚ ¬Û±ø1˘ŒÓ¬ ’1± ø˙˘≈fl¡ fl¡˝√√ÀÚ˚˛±˘±1 øÍ¬˚˛±ÚÀÓ¬ ø˙˘≈Àfl¡1 ’Ô«Ê√±Ú≈˚˛± ‰¬±˝√√±ÀÂ√º ø˙˘≈fl¡ fl¡˝√√ÀÚ˚˛±˘± ’¸±fl¡ ’Ô« ¬ı≈Á¡˚˛Œ√ÀÂ√º fl≈¡Â≈√ ø˙˘≈fl¡ ≈√˚˛±˘ Œ·˘ –

[1]ø˙˘≈fl¡Ø ø˙˘≈fl¡Ø ø˙˘≈fl¡Ø›Í¬Óƒ¬ Òø1˘ Ê√˘≈fl¡ ,

Â≈√È¬±ÀÓ¬-Â≈√È¬±ÀÓ¬ Œ·˘ fl≈¡Ú ˜≈˘≈fl¡∑õ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ˜ø1À‰¬1 Á¡±˘º

[2]◊√√1øfl¡‰¬œ-ø¬ı1øfl¡‰¬œ,

øÚ Œ‰¬‰¬± øÚ ø¬ıø‰¬ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – Ú≈Ú ‡±Úº

[3]¤fl¡ ˙œ¸ fl¡±Î¬◊Úœ,

Œ·±È¬±˚˛ ‚À1 √±Î¬◊Úœºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ’±À˘±À˚˛1 ø‰¬fl¡±˙ ¬ı± õ∂fl¡±˙º

[4]1±Ê√±1 Œ¬ıÈ¬œ Ò—ÀÒ±˘± Œ¬ÛÈ¬œ,

ø¬ıÚ± Œfl¡±√±À˘ ‡≈À√ ˜±È¬œºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – qfl¡1-È¬º

[5]˝◊√√‚1ÀÓ¬ Î¬◊‚1 ˚±˚˛,

Ï¬±ø¬ı-Ï≈¬ø¬ı ˜±1 ‡±˚˛ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ¬ı±Ï¬ˇ≈Ú ¬ı± Á¡±“È¬±-È¬º

[6]

57

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

‰¬±1 Œ‰¬Ã√√ ’±1 ‰¬±1,Œ˘‡±-ŒÊ√±‡± fl¡1 ¸±ø1 ¸±1 ,Œ˜±1 ¸≈˚˛±˜œ1 ¤ø˝√√ Ú±˜,¬Û±1 fl¡ø1˚˛± Œ√ ΔÚ˝√√1 ˚±˜ºõ∂ùü –˜ø˝√√˘± ˜±Ú¯∏œ-È¬1 ¸≈˚˛±˜œ1 Ú±˜ øfl¡ øÂ√˘∑Î¬◊M√√1 – Δ¸Í≈¬ Ú±˜ øÂ√˘ [4‚14‘56Ÿ¬4‘¬60]

[7]¬ı±À˘ Œ √√±À¬ı±-ŒÁ¡±À¬ı±

ŒÙ¬‰¬fl¡±˚˛ ø√À˘ øfl¡ ‡±À¬ı±∑õ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ˆ¬≈Èƒ¬È¬± ¬ı± ˜±fl¡±˝◊√√-È¬º

[8]ŒÍ¬ø˘À˚˛ ø√À˘±, Œ˜˘±˚˛ Œ·˘ ,È¬±øÚÀ˚˛ ø˘À˘±, ¸È¬øfl¡À˚˛ Œ·˘ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – Â√±Ó¬± ¬ı± Â√±øÓ¬-È¬º

[9]‚≈1-‚≈1 ‚≈1Ìœ, ‚1ÀÂ√ ¡Z±À1 øÚºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – øÎ¬˜±-È¬º

[10]’±fl¡±¸-¬ı±fl¡±¸ √˙ ¬ı±˝√√±,Œ‰¬±‡ øÈ¬˜øÈ¬˜ ˜±Ô± fl¡±˝√√±∑õ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – fl¡±Àfl¡±1 ¬ı± fl¡±“fl¡1±-È¬º

[11]Œ¬ÛÈ¬ ø√˚˛± ‡±˚˛, ˜≈‡ ø√˚˛± ˝√√±À·,Ó¬±˝√√±1 &“ ‡±˚˛ ŒÓ¬˘-Ú≈ÚÓƒ¬ ˘±À·ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡ ‡±˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ˜±Â√Ò1± ˚ôL ¬ı˘±, ‚Úœ, ø√À˝√√±1, Œˆ¬ø1˚˛±˘º

[12]Œ‡±¬ÛÓƒ¬ ¬Û±Ú≈ , ’±Â√1±˚˛ ˜±1Ì≈ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√± øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – Ú±À‡1 ŒÚÈ¬± ¬ı± ø¸—·±˘ ‡±Úº

[13]‡±¬ı±1 ø˚øÚ¸ øÚ,

¸¬ı«À˘±Àfl¡ ‡±˚˛ºÂ√±›˚˛± ‡±À˘ fl¡±“À√

¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ± ‡±À˘ fl¡À1 ˝√√±˚˛-˝√√±˚˛ºõ∂ùü –Œfl¡±À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ’±Â√±1 ¬ı± ’±‚±Ó¬º

[14]¬Û±“‰¬ Ê≈√˚˛±ÀÚ Î¬◊Í¬±˚˛ ø√À˘,

¬ıM√√œ¸ Á¡Ú±1 ‚±1Óƒ¬º‚1Óƒ¬ Œ˚ øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±-È¬

¸˜øÍ¬˚˛± fl¡ø1˘ ‚1Óƒ¬ººõ∂ùü –fl¡À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – ¬Û±“‰¬È¬± ’±e≈ , ¬ıM√√œ¸-È¬± √±“Ó¬ ’±1 øÊ√ √√ƒ¬ı±-È¬º

[15]¬Û±Ú Ú±ø˝√√ ‡±˚˛ √øÎ¬ ø√˚˛±,

&˚˛± Ú±ø˝√√ ‡±˚˛,√±Î¬◊ø√˚˛±1 √±“Ó¬ ¬ıÎ¬ˇ 1±e±,

˜ÀÒ…-˜ÀÒ… ¬ı˝√√˚˛ √±Î¬◊ø√˚˛±1,ˆ¬±ø·1Ôœ ·e±ºõ∂ùü –fl¡À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑Î¬◊M√√1 – Ó¬1¬ı≈Ê√ ¬ı± ‡1¬ı≈Ê√-È¬º

[16]ø˝√√μ≈-˚˛ øÚ, ˜≈¸˘˜±Ú øÚ,

˜≈‡Óƒ¬ ‰¬±“¬Û± √±“øÎ¬ˇº¸±Ò≈-˚˛ øÚ, Ù¬øfl¡1-˚˛ øÚ,

Œ¬ıÎ¬ˇ± ˛ ¬ı±Î¬ˇœ-¬ı±Î¬ˇœºº’±·1-‰¬μÚ-˚˛ øÚ,

¸¬ıøÓ¬ ˜˝√√fl¡ ˚±ÀÂ√º˜·œ-˚˛ øÚ, Â√±›˚˛±-˚˛ øÚ,

‡≈¬ı ’±Úμ fl¡À1ÀÂ√ººõ∂ùü –fl¡À˝√√±, øfl¡-È¬ ˝√√˚˛∑

Î¬◊M√√1 – ¬ıfl¡1± ¬ı± ¬ıÔƒÔ≈-È¬º

58

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸˜±ÀÊ√1 ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±

fl¡±ÀôLù´1 1±˚˛Œfl¡±fl¡1±Á¡±1

Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¬Û”“Ê√±¸—¶‘®øÓ¬Àfl¡ ’±ø√ fl¡ø1 ˛± ø¬ıø‰¬S Œ˘±fl¡ fl‘¡ø©Ü-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ •ÛÀ√Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±fl¡ ’˜À1±M√√ õ∂√±ÀÚÀ1 Ê√±øÓ¬©®±1 fl¡ø1 ˛± ’±ÀÂ√º

õ∂±· Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ñ ’±ø√ ≈·Ó¬ ’±1yÌ Œ˘±fl¡ fl¡˘±¸—¶‘®øÓ¬fl¡ Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ˚≈À·1 ’±‰¬À1› ’±ø√˜ Œ˘±fl¡ ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬1‹øÓ¬ √√…fl¡ ¤˘±› •°±Ú fl¡ø1¬ı± ¬Û±1± Ú± ◊√√º ’ªÀ˙… fl≈¡Ú¬ı±í fl≈¡Ú¬ı±íŒ˘±fl¡ ¬Û”“Ê√± ¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ fl‘¡ø©Ü1 ˙±1œÓ¬ ¬Û1±1 ’ª¶ö± Ú±˝√√›“ª±Ú±˝√√ ˛º Œ˚˜Ú-’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±º ¤ ◊√ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±1 •§Àg’±˜±1 Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ˜±Úø¯∏ &˘± Ê√±Ú±1Î¬◊ÀVÀ˙… ¤ ◊√√ Œ˘‡±È¬± ’±·¬ı±Ï¬ˇ±¬ı± ›˘± ◊√√Â√—º ‡≈øÈ¬-Ú±øÈ¬ ¬≈Œ√À‡ ˛± ø√À˘ qX fl¡ø1 ◊√√˜º

1±Ê√ ’±À˜±À˘±1 ‡≈È¬±‚±È¬ ¬Û1·Ì±1 ŒÎ¬±fl¡1± øÎ¬ø √√1’=˘Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ‚1 fl¡±˘œ ¬Û≈‡≈1œ1 Ê√À1·“±ªÓ¬º ’±øÊ√1 ¬Û1±õ∂±˚˛ 60˚˛62 ¬ıÂ√1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˜±Ê√Ó¬ fl≈¡ÀÚ±¬Ûø1˚˛±˘Ó¬ ø¬ı˚˛± ˝√√˝◊√√À˘ ¬ı±1œÓ¬ Ô±fl¡± ˜±í ˜Ú¸± ¬ı± ø¬ı¯∏˝√√ø1¬ÛΩ± Œ√ªœfl¡ ¬Û”Ê√± fl¡1±1 ¬Û±Â√ÀÓ¬± ‚À11 Œ‰¬±Ó¬±˘Ó¬ ≈√¬Û1Œ¬ı˘± ¬’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊fl¡ ¬ı± ’±√… Œ√ªœfl¡ ¬Û”“Ê√± fl¡1± Œ√‡± ¬Û± ◊√√Â√—º¤ ◊√√ ¬Û”“Ê√±È¬± ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ˆ¬±Àª ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ‰¬ø˘ ˛± ’±øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√’±√…À√ªœ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ Î¬◊À√À˙… ¬ı±1± [‰≈¬›1] ¬ıø˘ ø√øÂ√ º

¬ı±1± [‰≈¬›1] ¬ıø˘ Œ√› ˛± õ∂Ô±È¬± ˛ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œÊ√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ’±ø√ Ó¬±1 ¤fl¡ ;˘ôL ‘√©Ü±ôLº ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ ”ÀS Ê√±Ú±˜ÀÓ¬ Ê√ ¬Û± ◊√√&øÎ¬ øÊ√ ±1 ˚Ú±&øÎ¬ ’=À˘ ¤˘±› ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊¬Û”Ê√± ‰¬ø˘ ’±ÀÂ√ ’±À1± ¬Û”“Ê√±Ó¬ ¬ı±1± [‰≈¬›1] ¬ıø˘ Œ√º ¤˝◊√√¬ı±1± [‰≈¬›1] ¬ıø˘ ø√ ˛± õ∂Ô± ¬Û±øÓ¬1±ˆ¬± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ±Ê√ÀÓ¬±

‰¬ø˘ ˛± Ô±fl¡±È¬± ’±˜±1± Ê√±Ú—º≈5 √√¬ı±í Ò1± ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±1 •§Àg Ê√±øÚ ’±˜±1

øfl¡ ˘±ˆ¬ ˝√√í¬ıº Œ¸˝◊√√ ˆ¬±ø¬ı˚˛± Œ˘ø‡¬ı± Ú±˝◊√√ ›˘±— , ›˘±˝◊√√Â√—Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ’Ó¬œÓ¬fl¡ Ê√±Ú±1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√ÀÚ1 Ê√ÀÚ… ¬±ø¬ı˚˛±º

’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”Ê√± – ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√± ˝√√˝◊√√˘ - Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸˜±ÀÊ√ ’±ø√˜ fl¡±À˘1 ¬Û±1± ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ˆ¬±À¬ı‰¬ø˘˚˛± ’±¸± õ∂±‰¬œÚÓ¬˜ ¤fl¡ ˜≈‡… ¬Û”“Ê√±º ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ Œˆ¬1±˘œ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ Ú±À˜1 ¬Û”“Ê√± ◊√√ ¤ ◊√√ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±º ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊1 ·Ó¬Ô±Àfl¡ Œ¬Û± √√1±√±1 Â√V«±1¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±º

·“±¤û± 1±˝◊√√ÀÊ√1 ·˚˛1˝√√ ñ ë·±Ê«√± ¬Û”“Ê√±í, ¬ıÂ√1Ó¬≈√˝◊√√¬ı±1 ¬Û±Ó¬± ˝√√˚˛º ¤fl¡¬ı±1 Ú˚˛± ‡±›“ª± ëÚª±ø˘1í ¸˜˚˛Ó¬’±À1± ø¡ZÓ¬œ ˛¬ı±1 ¬ı ∏«±1 fl¡ « ’±1yøÌ1 ’±À· Δ¬ı˙±· ±À¸1õ∂Ô˜ ˆ¬±·Ó¬º Œ√›“ Œ√ª Œ√ªœ1 ¸˜øi§Ó¬ ë·±Ê«√± ¬Û”“Ê√±í1Ô±Ú˙±ø˘Ó¬ Œ√ªœ ¬¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ Œˆ¬1±˘œ ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊À1± ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ’±¸ÚÔ±Àfl¡º ¸Î¬◊· Œ√ª-Œ√ªœÀfl¡ ¤Àfl¡ õ∂¸±√ ø√˚˛± ¬Û”“Ê√± fl¡1±1¬Û±Â√ÀÓ¬± ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊1 ¸cø©Ü1 ¬ı±À√ Œ√Î¬◊1œ1 ‚À11 ¬ı±1œ1’±G±˘Ó¬ ˜√, ˜¸—, ˙±fl¡ ˆ¬±ÀÓ¬1 Œˆ¬±· ¬ı±ÀÏ¬ˇ˚˛± Ê≈√Ò± fl¡ø1¬Û”“øÊ√¬ı± ±·± √√ ˛º

’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±1 ’±ø√˜ Δ¬ıø˙©ÜÓ¬± – Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬Ûø1˚±˘1 ø¬ı˚± ’±ø√ ±—·ø˘fl¡ ¬Û±¬ı«ÚÓ¬ ¬Ûø1˚±À˘1˜—·˘ fl¡±˜Ú± fl¡ø1 ¬ı±1± [‰≈¬ª±1] fl¡±øÈ¬ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊fl¡ ¬Û”“Ê√± fl¡1±fl¡± «Ó¬ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ’±ø√ Δ¬ıø˙©ÜÓ¬±1 ø√›À˘˚˛±¬ ¬ÛÀ1º

’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”“Ê√±1 ø¬ıÒ±Ú – ø¬ı˚±1 ø√Ú± ◊√√ ø¡Z¬Û1 Œ¬ı˘±

59

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±

ø¬ı ˛±1 ‚À11 ±Ê√ Œ‰¬±Ó¬±˘Ó¬ ’±À ˛±Ê√Ú √√í¬ı ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬Û”Ê√±º¬Û”“Ê√±1 øÚX«±ø1Ó¬ Ôø˘ ‡±øÚ Ò±›˘± ±øÈ¬À1 ¬Û±Úœø√˚˛± Œ˘ø¬Û¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ’±·±˘ ¸˝√√ Î¬◊‚±ø˘ ’±Ú± ‰¬±˜È¬±„√√± ·±Â√ ≈√˝◊√√ Î¬±˘’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊1 ’±¸ÀÚ1 ≈√˝◊√√ Ù¬±À˘ ’±›ª± ¸≈“Ó¬±Ó¬ fl“¡±¬Û±¸,’±˜¬Û±Ó¬, Œ¬ı˘¬Û±Ó¬ ø√ ¸±Ê√±›ª± ≈√˝◊√√Ò±1 ¸≈Ó¬±1 ¤fl¡˜±Ô±-¤fl¡˜±Ô± ≈√˝◊√√ ‰¬±˜È¬±„√√± ·±ÀÂ√1 ’±·±˘Ó¬ ¬ı±øg ‡±1± fl¡ø1˚˛±·±ø1¬ı± ˘±ø·¬ıº ’±¸ÀÚ1 ¸ij≈À‡ Œ‰¬1±fl¡¬ı±øÓ¬ ;±˘±˝◊√√ Ó¬±1¸ij≈À‡ ’±·±ø˘ fl¡˘¬Û±Ó¬Ó¬ ¤fl¡À˚±1± &ª± ¬Û±Ú ø√¬ı± ±ø·¬ıº¬Û“±‰¬ Ô·œÓ¬ õ∂¸±√ ’±À1± &ª±¬Û±ÀÚ1 ¬Û±Ó¬Ó¬ Ò≈¬Û ;±˘±˚˛±ø√¬ıº ’±·±ø˘ ≈√˝◊√√ ‡±Ú fl¡˘ ¬Û±ÀÓ¬1 ¤‡±ÚÓ¬ Î¬◊¬Û1 ≈‡± fl¡ø1‰¬±˜ ¬ı¸± ◊√√ Ôí¬ı ¬’±À1± ’Ú…‡±Ú ¬Û±Ó¬Ó¬ ¤‡±Ú √√±øÓ¬ ˛±1 1±ø‡Ô¬ıº Î¬◊¬ÛÀ1 Î¬◊À~ø‡Ó¬ Œ·±È¬± ˛ ¬ı ˛ ø¬ıÒ ¬ıdÓ¬ ŒÓ¬˘-Œ¸μ≈À11ŒÙ“¬±È¬± ø√¬ı± ±ø·¬ıº ’±À1± ô¶¬ıÀ1±ˆ¬≈1± ¬ı±1± [‰≈¬ª±1] ¤fl¡È¬±¬Û±ÚœÀ1 ·±› Ò≈ª±˝◊√√ ‰¬±ø1› ŒÍ¬— √ø1À1 ˜ô¶ ˙Mê√ fl¡ø1 ¬ı±øgŒÓ¬˘-Œ¸μ≈1 ø¬Ûg± ◊√√ ¬ı±g± ŒÍ¬— ø·˘±Ú ‰¬±˜Ó¬ ≈ ± ◊√√ ø√ 3˚4

Ê√Ú ±Úø ∏À ˛ Œ˝√√“ø‰¬ Òø1 1±ø‡ Ô±øfl¡¬ıº ¬Û”“Ê√±1 õ∂døÓ¬ •Ûiß˝√√í¬ı±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ¬Ûø1˚˛±À˘1 ¸¬ı ˜±Úø˙’±À1± Î¬◊¬Ûø¶öÓ¬ :±øÓ¬&˝◊√√øô¶ ·À˘ ±øÈ¬Ó¬ √√±È≈¬ fl¡±Ï¬ˇ±˝◊√√ √√±Ó¬À˚±1 fl¡ø1 ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊1Î¬◊ÀVÀ˙… ˆ¬øMê√ fl¡ø1 Ô±øfl¡¬ı ’±À1± Œ√› 1±›fl¡±Ï¬ˇ± ˜±Úø¯∏Ê√ÀÚ ¤˝◊√√ ¬±À¬ı– Œ√› 1±›“ fl¡±øÏ¬ˇ¬ıº

¤À √√ ƒ ! Œ√ø‡ø¬ıÀ√ ◊√√ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊ ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇœ Œˆ¬1±˘œ ±›!’±øÊ√ ¤˝◊√√ ·‘˝√√±¶ö ¬Ûø1˚˛±À˘ ”√Ó¬ õ∂¸±√, Ò≈¬Û-Ò≈Ú±

ø√˚˛± Ó≈¬˜±1 ¿‰¬1ÌÓ¬ ¬Ûø1˚˛± ˜˝√√±¬Û”“Ê√± ˆ¬±· ’±·¬ı±Ï¬ˇ±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º¬Û”“Ê√± ø√¬ı± ±À· ¬ı± Œfl¡ ƒÀÓ¬º Œ√›— ¬ı± Œfl¡ ƒÀÓ¬! ’±ø˜ ±Ú≈ ∏Ê√±øÓ¬ Œ‡“±ÀÊ√ õ∂øÓ¬À√±¯∏º Œ√±À¯∏1 ¬±·œ ’±ø˜ ’±À1± é¬˜±1&Ìœ1 ¬±·œ Ó≈¬ø˜º ’±›“- √√±ÀÓ¬ ø√À˘ Œ¸± √√±ÀÓ¬ í¬ı± ±ø·¬ıº¸¬ı ’¬Û1±Ò ±Ê«√Ú± fl¡ø1 ¬Û”“Ê√±1 Œˆ¬±· í¬ı± ±ø·¬ıº ’íÀfl¡fl¡ ◊√√ÀÂ√ Œ¬ı±À˘, Œ¸Ã~ ’±„≈√√ø˘1 Œ√±Ú, Œ√ø‡ÀÓ¬

È¬ —˘—ºí ø√¬ı± ±À· Ú ø¬ıÒ, ’±˜±1 ¤fl¡ ø¬ıÒ ø√¬ı±À1±Œ˚±·… Ú±˝◊√√º Œ¬ı±À˘ ë˝√√±Ó¬œ fl¡±Àμ ’√˘±&øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ ’±À1± ’±ø˜˜±Ú≈ ∏ fl¡±Àμ±— Œ√ªœ Ó≈¬˜±1 ¿‰¬1ÌÓ¬º øfl¡ fl¡ø1ø¬ı! ’±ø˜ √œÚ-√√œÚ, Î¬◊¬Û±˚ ø¬ı √√œÚº Ó¬±› ‡≈ø√ &1±, ≈‡«±, Î¬◊ √√“±ø¸˚±, Œfl¡±˜1

˜”1±, ŒÒ¬Û1 ¬ı±øg˚˛± ø√˘≈— ¬Û”“Ê√± ˜±›“1 ‰¬1ÌÓ¬º“±› ’± ◊√√ÀÎ¬◊! Ó≈¬˜1± ’±øÊ√ fl¡±ø˘1 Œ√ªÓ¬± Ú± √√ ◊√√Â√,

¸‘ø©Ü fl¡±À˘1 Œ√ªÓ¬±º Ó¬…1 Œ√ªÓ¬± Ó¬…Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡¬ı± ±ø·¬ı ,‚À11 Œ√ªÓ¬± ‚1Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡¬ı± ˘±ø·¬ıº Ô±ÀÚ1 Œ√ªÓ¬± Ô±ÚÓ¬Ô±øfl¡ ’±˜±fl¡ 1é¬± fl¡ø1¬ı±º ¸±˝◊√√1± Î¬◊¬Û1Ó¬ ‰¬±Ú-¸”˚« ¸±é¬œ’±ÀÂ√ , ¤fl¡È¬± Î¬◊Íƒ¬ÀÂ√, ¤fl¡È¬± Î≈¬ø¬ıÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 Œ1±·-¬ı…±øÒ ”√1fl¡ø1, ø¬ı¬Û√-’±¬ÛÀ√1 ¬Û±1± 1é¬± fl¡ø1, ø˚ ≈√˝◊√√ ‰¬±ø1È¬± Œ‡1‡±›“ª± ÒÚ ’±ÀÂ√ Ó¬±Àfl¡± 1é¬± fl¡ø1 ¬Ûø1 ˛±˘fl¡ ¬±À˘-fl≈¡˙À˘1±ø‡¬ı± ˘±ø·¬ıº

’±øÊ√ Œ˝√√1± ·‘˝√√¶ö UÀfl«¡ù´À1 Î¬±„√√±1 Œ¬ıÈ¬±1 ø¬ı˚˛±1’±À˚˛±Ê√Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ø¬ı˚˛±‡±ÚÓ¬ ˚±ÀÓ¬ ø¬ı¬Û√-ø¬ıø‚øÚ Ú±‚øÈ¬,ø¬ı˚˛±‡±Ú ˆ¬±À˘ ˆ¬±À˘ ˚±˚˛, Úª √•ÛøM√√1 ˚≈¢¨ Ê√œªÚ ˚±ÀÓ¬’±Úμ˜˚˛-¸≈‡˜˚˛ ˝√√˚˛ ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊À˚˛ Ó¬±Àfl¡± ’±˙«œ¬ı±√ ø√¬ı±˘±ø·¬ıº

¬Ûø1 ˛±˘È¬±fl¡ ˆ¬±À˘ 1±ø‡À˘ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊Àfl¡± ¬ıÂ√À1Â√ ˛ ±À¸ ¬Û”“Ê√±ˆ¬±· ’±·¬ı±Ï¬±¬ıº ’íÀfl¡ ’±Àfl¡± ¬ı≈Ï¬±À˘±Àfl¡ fl¡˚Œ¬ı±À˘ ‚À11 Œ√› Œ√ªœ ¸ √√±˚ Ô±øfl¡À˘ ¬ı±Ó¬±1 ¬Û±ÀÓ¬ ·±›Ú±fl¡±ÀÈ¬º Ó≈¬˜±1 ¤Ó¬ ◊√√ ˜ø √√ ±, ¤Ó¬ ◊√√ ˘œ˘±º ’íÀfl¡ fl¡˚ Œ√ª-Œ√ªœ1 ’±√… &øÎ¬ fl¡Ô± fl¡ ◊√√À˘ Œ√ª Œ√ªœÀ˚ ¬Û±˚ 1— ’±À1±˜±Ú≈À ∏1 ’±√… &øÎ¬ fl¡Ô± fl¡ ◊√√À˘ ±Ú≈À ∏1 Î¬◊ÀÍ¬ ‡—º Ó≈¬˜±1 1À„√√1À¸ ’±˜±À1± Ê√œªÚ 1À„√√ 1À¸, ÒÀÚ Ê√ÀÚ Ê√ Ê√ fl¡±1 fl¡1±1º¬Û”Ê√± ø√ ± õ∂Ì±˜ fl¡ø1 ≈— ±› ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊1 í [¸À¬ı ±øÈ¬Ó¬ fl¡±¬Û±˘]˘±À·˚± fl¡ø1¬ı ’±À1± Œ√Î¬◊1œÀ˚ Ó≈¬˘¸œ1 ¬Û±Úœ øÂ√øÈ¬˚± ø√¬ıºí

¤í1 ¬Û±ÀÂ√ Œ√Î¬◊1œÀ ˛ õ∂ÔÀ˜ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊fl¡ ø¡ZÓ¬œ ˛ÀÓ¬√√±øÓ¬ ˛±1‡±Úfl¡ ¬øMê√ Ê√±ÀÚ ˛± √√±øÓ¬ ˛±1‡±Ú √√±Ó¬Ó¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ í¬ı

’±À1± ëÊ√˚˛ ’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊í ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛± ¬ı±1±1 ‚±1Ó¬ Î¬◊¬ÛÀ11 ¬Û±1±Œ‚“‰¬-Œ‚“À‰¬˚˛± Œ·±˘±È¬± fl¡±øÈ¬˚˛± È≈¬fl≈¡1± fl¡ø1¬ıº fl¡±È¬±1 ¸˜À˚˛¸À¬ı ëÊ√ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊1 Ê√ í, ëÊ√ ’± ◊√√À√Î¬◊1 Ê√ í ¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√ Ò√ıÚœø√ ˛± Ô±øfl¡¬ıº

¤˝◊ √ √Ó¬±˚˛ ˝√ √˝ ◊ √ √˘-Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¸˜±ÀÊ√1¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ˆ¬±Àª ‰¬±ø˘˚˛± ’±¸± ’±ø√˜ fl¡±À˘1 ë’±˝◊√√À√Î¬◊¬Û”“Ê√±ºíí

60

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1‚≈ 1?Ú ¬ı…±¬Û±1œ˝√√±˘±fl≈¡1±

˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏± ë1±Ê¬ı—˙œí ’±1 Ó¬±1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛Ó¬±

ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬Û1¶ÛÀ11 ˜Ò…Ó¬ ˜ÀÚ1 ˆ¬±¬ı õ∂fl¡±À˙1¤fl¡È¬± ’¬Ûø1˝√√±˚«… ˜±Ò…˜º ˆ¬±¯∏± ¸‘ø©Ü1 ’±ø√ fl¡Ô± øÚ˚˛±Ú±1±‰¬±1± Ú±fl¡ø1 ¤˝◊√√È¬±˚˛ fl¡›˚˛± ˚±˚˛, Œ˚ fl¡Ô± fl¡¬ı±1 Ú±¬Û±›˚˛±È¬± øfl¡ fl¡À©Ü1 Œ¸È¬± ˆ¬≈Mê√ˆ¬≈·œÀ˚˛ Î¬◊¬Û˘øt fl¡ø11¬Û±˚º ’±À˘±‰¬Ú±È¬± ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±fl¡ øÚ˚±, ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±1 õ∂À˚±Ê√Ú’±1 ◊√√˚˛±1 Sê˜ ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ¬ı± Î¬◊M√√1Ì ¤‡±Ú ˜±Ê√ ¬ı± ¤fl¡È¬±Ê√±øÓ¬1 Ê√œªÚÓ¬ fl¡Ó¬È¬± ’¬Ûø1˝√√±˚« Œ¸˝◊√√È¬±˚˛ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú±1ø¬ı¯∏˚˛¬ıdº

˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ı≈ø˘ ’±˜1± fl¡±fl¡ fl¡˝◊√√ – Â√›˚˛± ¤fl¡È¬±Ê√ij ¢∂ √√Ì fl¡1±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡ Ó¬±1 ¬ı±¬ı±-˜±› ¬ı± ¬Ûø1 ˛±À˘1¬ı±fl¡œ ¸√¸…&˘±1 ˜Ò…Ó¬ Œ˚ ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ fl¡ÔÀ¬Û±fl¡ÔÚ ˝√√˚˛Œ¸˝◊√√È¬±˚˛ ˝√√˝◊√√˘ ˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏±º ¤fl¡ fl¡Ô±Ó¬ Â√±›˚˛±1 ˜±› Œ˚ˆ¬± ∏±Ó¬ fl¡Ô± fl¡ ˛ Œ¸ ◊√√ ¬± ∏±È¬± ˛ Â√±› ˛±È¬±1 ¬ı± Œ¸ ◊√√ Ê√±øÓ¬¬ı± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±º ˜±Ê√Ó¬±øNfl¡ ¬ÛøGÓ¬√&˘± ˛ fl¡ ˛Œ˚ øÚÊ√¶§ ¬± ∏± Â√±Î¬ˇ± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ê√±øÓ¬ ·øÍ¬Ó¬ √√¬ı±1 ¬Û± ˛ Ú±ºŒfl¡±ÀÚ± Ê√±øÓ¬ ·Í¬Ú ˝√√›˚˛±1 õ∂±Ôø˜fl¡ ˙Ó«¬˚˛ ˝√√˝◊√√˘ øÚÊ√¶§ˆ¬± ∏±, ¶§Ó¬La —¶‘®øÓ¬, øÚø«√√©Ü, ¬”‡G ’±ø√º ÀÚ 1±‡± Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬Œ˚, ˆ¬±¯∏± ø¬ı˘≈ø51 ¸±ÀÔ ¸±ÀÔ Œ¸˝◊√√ Ê√±øÓ¬È¬±1 ¬Û‘Ôfl¡¸M√√±1› ’¬ı ≈ø5 √√ ˛º Œ√‡± ± ˛ ø√ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬± ∏±È¬±fl¡ˆ¬±1Ó¬ 1fl¡±À11 8˜ Ó¬¬Ûø˙˘ ¬≈Mê√ fl¡1± Ú±˝√√˚˛ ¬ı± Ú±˚±˚˛ˆ¬± ∏±1 ±—ø¬ıÒ±øÚfl¡ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬› ’±√± ˛ fl¡1± y¬ı Ó¬± √√ ◊√√À √√’ªÒ±ø1Ó¬ ¬±À¬ı Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√±øÓ¬ ø √√ ±À¬ı Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ø√Ú

’øô¶Q ¸¬ı˘ fl¡1± ¸y¬ı ˝√√˝◊√√À¬ı Ú±º ’±1 ˚±1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ…˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±1 Î¬◊¬Û1± ’±ôLø1fl¡ &1n∏Q õ∂√±Ú fl¡1± ¤fl¡±ôL Ê√1n∏1œ√√ ˛± Î¬◊Í¬ÀÂ√º

˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ø¬ıfl¡±À˙1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… ¬±1Ó¬ 1fl¡±À11’±˝◊√√Ú› øÚø«√©Ü fl¡ø1 Œ√›˚˛± ’±ÀÂ√ – Chapter IV,Special Directives 2[350 A. Facilitiesfor instruction in mother tongue atprimary stage- It shall be the endeavourof every state and every local authoritywith in the state to provide adequatefacilities for instruction in the mothertongue at the primary stage ofeducation to children belonging tolinguistic minority groups : and thePresident may issue such directions toany state as he considers necessary orproper for securing the provision orsuch facilities.]

˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… ¤ ◊√√ Ò1ÀÌ1 ’± ◊√√Ú ◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ…ˆ¬±1Ó¬ ¸1fl¡±À1 ¬Û±¸ fl¡ø1 Ô≈˝◊√ √ÀÂ√º Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œÊ√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 õ∂øÓ¬Ê√Ú À‰¬Ó¬Ú ¬ı…øMê√À˚ Œ¸ ◊√√ ’± ◊√√ÀÚ1 øÍ¬fl¡¸≈À˚±· ŒÚ›˚˛± Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬ ’±1 ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏±1 Î¬◊ißøÓ¬ ±ÒÚ fl¡1±

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¤fl¡±ôL˝◊√√ Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬º ¬˚˛ √√˚˛ ’±˜±1 Œ√˙Ó¬ ◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ’Ô«±»1950 Ô±øfl¡ Œ˜±È¬ 53 È¬± ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ’ª˘≈ø5 ‚øÈ¬ÀÂ√, ’±1ø¬ı ≈5õ∂± ˛ ¬± ∏±1 —‡…± √√ ◊√√ 9È¬±, ø¬ı¬Û√±¬Ûiß ¬± ∏± √√ ◊√√196È¬±º ø¬ıù´ —¶ö± 2001 ÀÚ1 ’À"√√±ª1 ±¸Ó¬ 31Ó¬˜’øÒÀ¬ı˙Ú fl¡ø1 ø¬ı¬Û√±¬Ûiß ˆ¬±¯∏±fl¡ 1é¬± fl¡ø11 ¬ı±À√ ¸¬ı«¸ijøÓ¬ ø¸X±ôL ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 ¬± ∏± ÚœøÓ¬Ó¬ ◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… 8˜ Ó¬¬Ûø˙˘Ó¬õ∂±Ôø˜fl¡ ¬±À¬ı 14È¬± ¬± ∏± ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ±ˆ¬ fl¡ ◊√√1ÀÂ√º 2003

¸ÚÓ¬ ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ±, Œ√±·1œ, Δ˜øÔ˘œ ’±1 ±ôL±˘œ ¬± ∏± ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ˆ¬±¯∏± 1+À¬Û Ê√±·± fl¡ø1 øÚÀÂ√º 8˜ Ó¬¬Ûø˙˘Ó¬ ˆ¬±¯∏±1¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬1 Œ¬ı˘± Œfl¡f1 ŒÓ¬˜Ú Œfl¡±ÀÚ± øÚøV«©Ü øÚ˚˛˜±¬ı˘œÚ±˝◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˝◊√√À˘› ‰¬À˘º ˜”˘ÀÓ¬± ˆ¬±ø¯∏fl¡ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ˚ø√1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ ’±1 ±—·Í¬øÚfl¡ øMê√ õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡ø11 ¬Û±˚˛ Ó¬±˝√√˝◊√√À˘ ¤˝◊√√ Œé¬SÓ¬ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ¸Ù¬˘ ˝√√›˚˛± ˚±˚˛º ˜ÀÚ 1±‡±ˆ¬±˘ Œ˚ ’¸˜Ó¬ ±S 17 ±À‡1 ÀÓ¬±Ú ¬ıÀÎ¬± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1˜±Úø ∏ ¬ı¸¬ı±¸ fl¡ø1 ˛±› øfl¡c ¬ıÀÎ¬ˇ± ¬± ∏±fl¡ Î¬◊ 1±&˘± ◊√√—2003 ¸ÚÓ¬ 8˜ Ó¬¬Ûø˙˘ ˆ¬”Mê√ fl¡ø11 ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√ ’±1Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ±Úø¸ ’¸˜Ó¬ õ∂± ˛ 94 ±‡,øfl¡c 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬±¯∏±È¬± ’±øÊ√› 8˜ Ó¬¬Ûø˙˘ ¬”øMê√ √√˝◊√√˘Ú±º ’±øÊ√ ¬ıÀÎ¬±À˘G ◊√√Î¬◊øÚˆ¬±øÂ«√øÈ¬ √√¬˚± Œ· ◊√√ÀÂ√º 1±Ê√ª—˙œˆ¬± ∏± ’±øÊ√› Œfl¡±‰¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ ±Úø¸&˘±1 ±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏± ¤È¬±¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ≈‡ Œ√‡±ÀÓ¬± ”√1 õ∂±Ôø˜fl¡ ø˙é¬±1 ±Ò…˜ ø˝√√¸±À¬ı’±øÊ√› õ∂øÓ¬á¬± ¬Û± ◊√√˘ Ú±º

’±˜±1 Œ√À˙1 œ˜±Ó¬ Ô±fl¡± ¬ı±—˘±À√ ¤fl¡˜±S˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬± ∏±fl¡ Œfl¡f fl¡ø1 ˛± ˛ ¬Û±øfl¡¶ö±Ú ¬±ø„√√ ŒÚÃÓ¬Ú ¶§±ÒœÚŒ√˙ ø˝√√¸±À¬ı ’±Rõ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1˘º Ú±Ú± fl¡±1ÀÌ1 ˜Ò…ÀÓ¬±ˆ¬±¯∏± Œfl¡fœfl¡ ø¬ı¬ı±À√1 Ê√˝◊√√ÀÚ… Œ˜‚±˘˚˛-’±¸±˜ Ô±øfl¡ˆ¬±ø„√√˚˛± ¬Û‘Ôfl¡ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ¬Ûø1ÌÓ¬ ˝√√˝◊√√˘º ˜±Ó‘¬ˆ¬±¯∏±˚˛ ˝√√˝◊√√˘Ê√±øÓ¬ ·Í¬ÀÚ1 ¬ıø˘á¬ Ó«¬, Ê√±øÓ¬1 ’øô¶ÀQ1 Ò±1fl¡ ¬ı± √√fl¡º˝◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ’¸˜ ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ¸ˆ¬± 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±fl¡ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ø√ÀÂ√ ,¬Ûø(˜¬ıe 1fl¡±1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬±¯∏±fl¡ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ø√˚˛±ˆ¬± ∏±È¬±1 Î¬◊iß ˛ÀÌ1 Ê√ ◊√√ÀÚ… 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¤fl¡±ÀÎ¬˜œ ‡≈ø˘ ø√ÀÂ√øfl¡c ≈√–À‡1 fl¡Ô± Œ˚ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ¬ı‘ √√» —‡…Àfl¡

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øÚ˜LaÌ fl¬ø1ÀÂ√ 1±À˜Ÿ¬ø ∏1±À˜1 ±ÀÓ¬

Ú±˜±øÓ¬ ’±ø˝ÀÂ√ 1±˜ fl¬˘1 Ó¬À˘’±ø˝ÀÂ√ Ú±˜±øÓ¬ ¬ıø˝ÀÂ√ ¬ı±È¬Ó¬

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’±Ò±À1± ¬ı˝Ú Â√±ø1˚˛± ’±ø˝˘≈— ø¬ı˚˛±À1 ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 qøÚºÒ±1±ÀÓ¬± Ú¬ıÂ√—

ø˘Â√± ¬Û±ø1˚˛± Œfl¬ ¬ıÂ√—¬Û1±fl¬ øÀ˘± Ò±1± fl¬± ◊È¬±1

’±˜±fl¬ øÀ˘± ±øÈ¬¬ıø˝¬ı±Àfl¬± ’±øÚ ˛± øÀ˘± ‡±ø˘ Œ‡À11 ’±øÍ¬º

‚À11 ±Úø ∏ø·˘±Ú Œ˚˘± Â√±› ˛±ÊÚfl¬ ¬Û±1±Ó¬ ¬ıÀ¸ ˛± Ô ˛Œ¸˘± Ú±˜±øÓ¬ø·˘±Ú ·± ˛ñ

¬ıø˝ ’±ÀÂ√ ø˙¬ıÚ±ÀÔ¸Ú…±ø¸À1 Œ¬ı˙

ø¬ÛøÍ¬ÀÓ¬ ¬Ûø1 ˛± ’±ÀÂ√Δ‰¬~ ˝±ÀÓ¬1 Œfl¬˙ [2]

Œ˚˘± Â√±›˚±ÊÚfl¬ Ú±˜±øÓ¬ø·˘±Ú ŒÓ¬˘ ‰¬1±˚ Œ¸˘± ·±˚ñŒÓ¬˘ ‰¬1± ø¬Û1± ø‡øÚ

Ó¬±À1± ‰¬±ø1 [‰¬± ◊À1±] ‡≈1±1±˜ 1±Ê±fl¬ ŒÓ¬˘ ‰¬1±˚˛

Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬ıø¸ ˛±¬ı±¬Û≈À1 ±Í¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±ÔÀ1± Ó≈¬ø˘ÀÂ√

|œ ’±—øÍ¬ ø˚˛±¬ı± ≈ÀÚ± ’±ø˝ÀÂ√± ¬ı± ◊À ˛± ’±ø˝ÀÂ√ŒÓ¬À˘± Ò±À1 Ò±À1 ø˚˛±º Œ˝ 1±˜ºŒ˝ ¬ÛgÀ1 ≈¬ıø1 ’±Ú± í˘ ‰¬±¬ı≈ø1

ŒÓ¬˘ ‰¬1±¬ı±1¬ ¬ıø˘ Œ˝ºº‰≈¬ø˘À·± Œ˚˘± fl¬±øÈ¬¬ı Œ¸˘± Ú±˜±øÓ¬ø·˘±Ú Ú±ø¬ÛÓ¬fl¬ Î¬±Àfl¬˚±fl¬ ˛ñ

øé¬ÀÌÀ1 ¬Û±1±Ú±ø¬ÛÓ¬ ’±À˝fl¬ Ú±ø˜

fl¬±ÌÀÓ¬ Ô≈1n∏ø„ ˚˛± Œ˝º¬ı±¬Û1 ±·± ‰≈¬ø˘‡±øÚ

ΔÔÀ˘±fl¬ ¬±·fl¬ ¬±À·˜±›1 ’±·Ó¬ øø¬ı ‰≈¬ø˘

1±ø‡¬ı Ó¬ÀÚºÚ±ø¬ÛÓ¬À1 ‰¬±›ª±

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‰¬±Ó¬ ≈À‡ ¤fl¬¬ı±1˜±› ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ±fl¬

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Ó¬±À1 Ó¬À˘1 ¶ß±Ú fl¬À1 1±˜ 1‚≈Ú±Ôº œÓ¬±À¬ıœº

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·± Ò”›˚±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ Œ˚˘± Â√±›˚±ÊÚfl¬ Œ¬Û±Â√±fl¬ ø¬Ûg±˚ Œ¸˘±Ú±˜±øÓ¬ø·˘±Ú ·±˚ñ

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’±Â√≈ Ò±Ú fl¬±øÈ¬À˘±Ú±1± Ú± ø‰¬ø˘fl¬± ˛

ø‰¬ø˘fl¬± ˛ fl¬±È¬±ø11 ±¬Û’ Ú± ø¬ıÊø˘ ‡±¬ı±À1± fl¬˜ø˘

fl¬±È¬±ø11 ’±·±˘Ó¬ Ú≈Úº’±˜±1 ¬ı±¬Û≈ Ò≈ ◊ ˛± Ó≈¬ø˘ÀÂ√

Œ˚Ú Œ‡—Î¬±ø˘À˜1 Ù≈¬˘ Œ˝ºº

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1±Ìœ øÚÀ˘± Œ¬ı±Àfl¬Œ˘±ÀÓ¬ Ò1ÀÌ fl‘¬¯û

±Ú Œ˚±Ó≈¬fl¬ Œfl¬ Œ1 ˜±˜±˚Ó¬˝◊ ’±ÀÂ√ ˜Úº¬Û±È¬œÓ¬ ¬ıÀ˝ ≈À‡

Œfl¬ÀÚ± ¬ı±¸± ÒÚ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±1±Ìœ øÚÀ˘± Œ¬ı±Àfl¬ºº

Œ˝ ¬ı±¬ı≈ Úμ˘±˘ Œ˝ [2]’À˝ ˚À˙±˜Ó¬œ [2]ŒÓ¬±˜±1 ‚1 1‚˜Ìœ

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fl¬ø1ÀÂ√ ¬Û±˘ÚºŒ˝ Úμ1±Ìœ

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Œfl¬±˘±ÀÓ¬ ¬ı¸± ◊À˘±ºº¤˝◊ ·±Ú ø·˘±Ú qÚ±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ˜ÀÚ1 ¬Û±1±˝◊

fl¬í¬ı± ¬Û±1± ˚±˚˛ Œ˚ Œfl¬±‰¬ 1±Ê¬ı—˙œ ˜±Úø¯∏ø·˘±ÀÚ’Ó¬œÀÓ¬1 ¬Û±1±˝◊ øÚÀÊ1 1Mê ¬ı± Œ˝±Ó¬ ¤fl¬È¬± øÚÊ¶§¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ ±ø„˚˛± Òø1ÀÂ√º fl¬í˘±-¸—¶‘®øÓ¬ ø˚˛± øÚÀÊ1Ê±øÓ¬À·±ÀÈ¬1 Œ·±g ø¸ø‰¬ø1˚˛± øÀÂ√ ’±Ú ’±Ú ±Úø¯∏1˜±ÊÓ¬º Œ·±È¬±˝◊ ’Ú≈á¬±ÀÚ1 ·Ó¬ —·Ó¬ 1±ø‡˚˛± Œfl¬±‰¬1±Ê¬ı—˙œ ÊÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ±Úø¯∏ø·˘±ÀÚ ’Ó¬œÀÓ¬1 ¬Û±1±˝◊¸‘ø©Ü fl¬ø1ÀÂ√ ¤˝◊ ’˜1 ·±Úø·˘±Ú ø˚ø·˘±ÀÚ Ê±øÓ¬È¬±1Œ˜1n∏G ˚˛± ‡±1± Δ˝ÀÂ√º ·±Úø·˘±Ú ¬·ª±Ú1 Ú±À˜1˘·Ó¬ ø˜ø˘˚˛± ·±›˚˛± ˝˚˛º ˆ¬˚˛, ˆ¬øMê, |X± ø˚˛± ¤˝◊qˆ¬ ’Ú≈á¬±Úø·˘±Ú ¬Û±Ó¬± Œ‡± ±˚˛º ‰”¬Î¬ˇ±fl¬1ÀÌ1 ¤˝◊·±Ú ø·˘±Ú ‡≈Î¬◊¬ı ˆ¬±˘˘±·± fl¬±1Ì Ò˜œ«˚˛ 1œøÓ¬-ÚœøÓ¬ø˚˛± Â√±›˚˛±ÊÚfl¬, Â√±›˚˛±ÊÀÚ1 ±›, ¬ı±¬ı±, ±˜± Œ·±È¬±˝◊‡±Úfl¬ Ú±˜±øÓ¬ø·˘±ÀÚ ±“ø˝-Ó¬±˜‰¬±À1 ·±ÀÚ1 Œù≠±fl¬ ø˚˛±ŒÊ±fl¬±˚˛ øfl¬c ¤fl¬È¬± fl¬±Ô±Ó¬ fl¬í¬ı± ø·À˘ Œfl¬±‰¬1±Ê¬ı—˙œ1 ‚1n∏ª± fl¬˘±-fl‘¬ø©Ü ø˝‰¬±À¬Û ¤˝◊ ·±ÚÀ¬ı±À1’±Êœ¬ıÚ Ê±øÓ¬È¬±1 ¬ı≈fl≈¬Ó¬ fl¬±øÈ¬˚˛± Ô˚˛± À·˝◊˘ ¤fl¬È¬±ø‰¬Ú-˚±fl¬ ˚˛± Œfl¬±‰¬ 1±Ê¬ı—˙œ fl¬À˘ ’±øÊ› Œ·Ã1ª’Ú≈ˆ¬¬ı fl¬À1º

¸˝±˚˛ ˘˚˛±1] Ò≈¬Û≈ø1 ¬ı±˘± 1±˚˛, ¬ı˚˛¸ 80, ˘±È¬±·±“›, 11-2-15

2] Œ¬ıÌœ˜±Òª ‰¬SêªÓ¬œ«, ¬ı˚˛¸- 85, ¬ı±¸≈·±“› [1±Ê±‰¬±1±—], 15-5-16

3] ÒœÀ1ù´1œ ¬ı˜«Ú, ¬ı˚˛¸- 65, ¬ı±¸≈·±“› [1±Ê±‰¬±1±—], 15-5-16

4] ‡≈˘‡±˝◊ù´1œ 1±˚˛, ¬ı˚˛¸- 70, ÊÀ1·±“›, 15-5-16

5] ’ø˜˚˛± 1±˚˛, ¬ı˚˛¸- 60, ÊÀ1·±“›, 15-5-16

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¬Ûø(˜ ’±¸±˜ ’±1í Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıeÓ¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Ú±˜’±˘±√± Δ √√À˘› ÚœøÓ¬ øÚ˚˜ ¤Àfl¡º ¬Ûø(˜ ’±¸±˜Ó¬ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±fl¡¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡›ª± ˝√√˚˛º Δ‰¬Ó¬ ¸—1±øôL1 ø√ÀÚ1 Ô±øfl¡Δ¬ı˙±‡ ˜±À¸1 Â√˚˛ ø√Ú ¬Û˚«…ôL ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸¬ı ˜±Ú± ˝√√˚˛º ‹¬ı±À√ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ±Ó¬È¬± Ú±˜º Œ˚˜Ú ·1n∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±, ±Úø¯∏ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±,&ø©Ü ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±, ¬ı±À˝√√± ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±, ø˙fl¡±1 ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± ’±1í Œ√Î¬◊ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±º

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸¬ıÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œÊ√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ŒÓ¬¬Û≈1±øÚ ø‰¬Ú ’±1í Œ·±S ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛

’øÚ˘ fl≈¡˜±1 ¬ı˜«Ú

ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ¬ÛøM√√ ø√ÀÚ1 Œ˘±fl¡±‰¬±1 ’±1í ÚœøÓ¬ øÚ˚˛˜ ’±˘±√±’±˘±√± fl¡ø1 ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡1± √√˚˛º’±¬ÛÊ√±¬Û ¬ı±g± – —1±øôL1 ’±À·1 ø√ÀÚ ‚1¬ı±1œ øÚfl¡±-˜Â√±fl¡ø1˚˛± Œ·±¬ı1 Â√±√Ú øÂ√øÈ¬˚˛± qøX fl¡À1º ¸±Ó¬ ¸fl¡±À˘ Ú±Ú±øfl¡ø‰¬À˜1 Ó¬±-¬Û±Ó¬± ·±Â√ ·±Â√1± Œ·±ÀÈ¬ ˛± ’±ÀÚº Œ¸&˘±ÚΔ˝√√˘- fl¡Â√˘ÀÓ¬1 Ù≈¬˘, Ú1 ø¸—À˝√√1 ¬Û±Ó¬, ø¬ı¯∏fl≈¡È¬ø˘, ø¬ı¯∏ŒÏ¬fl¡œ˚˛±, Œˆ¬ÀÈ¬±˜±˘œ, ˆ¬±À„√√1 Í¬±øÚ, Œ·±Î¬ˇÀ˘1¬Û±‡±, ¬Û±Úœ˘±Î¬◊1 ¬Û±Ó¬, ¬ı±fl¡ƒ ± øÓ¬Ó¬±, Œ¬ıÀÓ¬1 ¬Û±Ó¬, ¬ı±‚ √√±ÀÂ√±1±1 ¬Û±Ó¬,øÚ˜¬Û±Ó¬ ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√º Î¬◊· ø·˘±ÀÚ1 ¤fl¡Î¬±˘ fl¡ø1 Í¬±øÚ ”Í¬± Ô≈¬Û± ¬ı±øg ¬ı±1œ1 ‰¬fl¡Ó¬ Ô±fl¡± ‚1 ø·˘±ÀÚ1 ≈√ª±1 ˜”‡Ó¬‰¬±À˘1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ &ø? Ô˚˛º ¤ø·˘±— ’±¬ÛÊ√±¬Û ¬ı±g± ¬ı± Ô≈¬Û±¬ı±øg Ô›ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡›ª± ˝√√˚˛º ø¬ı˝√√±ÀÚ ·1n∏ Δˆ¬¯∏fl¡ ø˙„√√Ó¬ŒÓ¬˘ ˝√√˘ø√ ‚ø¸ ˘±Î¬◊1 ¬Û±Ó¬ , ¬ı±˝◊√√·Ú ‡≈À¬ı˚˛± Ú√œÓ¬ ·±›Ò≈˚˛± Œ√›ª± ˝√√˚˛º ¸g…± Œ¬ı˘± ·ø˘ ‚1 ’±1í ¬ı±1œ1 õ∂øÓ¬È¬±‚À11 ≈√ª±1Ó¬ Ò±ÀÚ1 Ó≈¬“À¸1 Ê≈√ ◊√√ Ú± √√ ◊√√À˘ ·À˜1 Ó≈¬“À¸1 Ê≈√ ◊√√Ó¬’±¬Û Ê√±À¬Û1 ¬Û±Ó¬± ø√˚˛± Ò≈„√√± Œ√›ª± ˝√√˚˛ ’±1 ø¬ı‰¬Ú ø√˚˛±˝√√±Àfl¡±ª± øÚ˚˛˜º ¸±Ó¬ ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±1 ¬ÛÔ«˜ ø√ÚÈ¬±ÀÓ¬ ¸fl¡±˘ Œ¬ı˘±”‡ √√±Ó¬Ò≈ ˛± Ú±Ú± Ò1ÀÚ1 øÓ¬Ó¬± fl¡¸± ¬ı± 51¸ ø¬Û ˛± ‡±›ª±√√ ˛º ¤1 Î¬◊¬Û≈1±› ’ÀÚfl¡ Œ˘±fl¡±‰¬±1 ’±ÀÂ√ Œ˚&˘±Ú ø¬ı ∏≈ª±1

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ø¬ı ∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸À¬ı1 Î¬◊À~‡À˚±·… ¬Û1¬ı È¬± Δ˝√√˘ Œ√Î¬◊ø¬ı ∏≈¬ı±º ¤ ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏≈ª±› ŒÚ¬Û±À˘1 Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±Ú ø˙1n∏ª±¬Û±¬ıøÚ [ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±] ¬Û±˘Ú fl¡À1º Î¬◊ø˜1 ·±1±˜ Í¬±fl≈¡À11 ¬Û”Ê√±fl¡À1º ¬Ûø(˜ ¬ıe Ó¬1± ◊√√ ’=˘Ó¬ fl¡ ˛ 1n∏ª± ø¬ı ∏≈ª±º Œ¸ø√Ú·±1±˜ Í¬±fl≈¡1 ¬Û”Ê√± ø√¬ı±1 øÚ˚˜- ’ÀÓ¬ ’±Àfl¡√ Ú±Ú± øfl¡ø‰¬À˜1Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ’Õ¬ıø√fl¡ Í¬±fl≈¡À11 Ô±Ú , Œ˚ ≈Ú øÓ¬ô¶± ¬ıÎ¬œ, ¬ı≈Ï¬±ÀÁ¬±~±,Δ¸Ú…±¸œ, √√±1±Ê√± ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√º

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‹ù´ø1fl¡ øMê√ ◊√√ù´1 ¬øMê√ õ∂‰¬±À11 ±Ô«Ó¬ Ò « ’±1í ŒÓ¬¬Û”1±øÚfl¡Ô±1 Ó¬Q √±ø„√√ ˛± Òø1 ’±¸ÀÂ√º fl¡Ô± Δ˝√√˘ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œÊ√ÚÀ·±©Üœ1 Œ˘±fl¡ ø·˘±1 õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¸Î¬◊· ˜Ó¬¬ı±√ ø·˘±ÀÚ1Ô±øfl¡ ’ÀÚfl¡ ≈√1± ◊√√Ó¬ Δ √√À˘› ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 ø1˚± Ô±øfl¡¬ı±1 é¬˜√√ Ú± ◊√√º

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‹ ΔÊ√Ú… ø¬ı¯∏≈ª± Î¬◊»¸À¬ı1 ¸±ÀÔ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ Δ˙¬ı-˙±Mê√, Δ¬ıø√fl¡ ’Õ¬ıø√fl¡ Ú±Ú±ÚÈ¬± Œ√¬ıÓ¬±1 Û”Ê√± ’±1í Œ˘±fl¡‰¬±1¬Û”Ê√± ¬Û±¬ıı«ÀÚ1 ’±‰¬±1 ÚœøÓ¬Ó¬ ¬È¬ ¬È¬ fl¡ø1 ¬ıøM√√ ’±ÀÂ√ ŒÓ¬¬Û≈1±øÚ ø‰¬Úº ‹ ΔÊ√ÀÚ… fl¡¬ı±1 ¬Û± ◊√√ ø¬ı ∏≈ª± ¬Û±˘ÀÚ1 ’±›Î¬±˘Ó¬

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Œ·±S ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ –◊√√øÓ¬ √√±À¸ fl¡±Àfl¡± Ù“¬±øfl¡ Ú±À√ ˛º ◊√√øÓ¬ ¬Û”À¬ı«1 øÍ¬fl¡

Ó¬Ô… Ú±¬Û± ◊√√À˘› ¬ÛÀ11 fl¡±˘Ó¬ ¬Û±›ª± - An Introduc-tion of Social Anthropalogy by - D.M.Majumdar & T.A. Madan - 1952 ¢∂Lö ‡±ÀÚ1227 ¬¬Û‘á¬±Ó¬ Œ˘‡± ’±ÀÂ√ - “ The Rajbongshi ofNorth Bangal have became a caste andadopted Hindu gotras.” ¤1 Ô±øfl¡ ¬ı≈Ê√± ˚±˚˛Œ√À˙±æ Œfl¡±‰¬ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ø·˘±Ú ¬Û”¬ıı«ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±‰¬ Ê√ÚÊ√±øÓ¬’±øÂ√ º —¶‘®Ó¬± ˛ÀÚ1 ¡Z±1± ø √√μ≈fl¡1Ú fl¡1øÂ√ º

øfl¡c ø˝√√μ≈¬ ˙sÈ¬± fl≈¡ÀÚ± Œ¬ıÀ√1 ˙s Ú±˝√√˚˛º ¤1’±øˆ¬Ò±øÚfl¡ ’Ô« Δ˝√√˘ - ’±˚«… ’±1í õ∂±· ’±˚«…1 Ê√œªÚÒ±1±1 ˜i§À ˛1 ‰¬±¬ÛÓ¬ ·øÏ¬ˇ ˛± Î¬◊Í¬± õ∂Ò±Ú ¬±1Ó¬œ ˛ Ê√±øÓ¬ ¬ı±Ò « ( Hindusism) º Œ¸ ◊√√ Ê√±Ó¬œ˚ ¬Ò•ú«±˘•§œ (Hindu)¶ö±Ú ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ (Indian) ø˝√√μ≈¶ö±Úœ ¬ı± ø˝√√μ≈¶ö±Ú1 ‡±øÈ¬’øÒ¬ı±¸œ, Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ı± ˜Ò…ˆ¬±1ÀÓ¬1 ’øÒ¬ı±¸œ ( Indian) º’±1 ëŒ·±Sí1 ’Ô« Δ˝√√˘ - ¬ı—˙, ¬ı—˙-õ∂¬ıM√√«fl¡ Ÿ¬ø¯∏1 Œ¬ıÈ¬±[¸ôL±Ú] The Cultural Haritage of Indian,Vol-2 ¢∂Lö1 ˜ÀÓ¬ ˜”Í¬ 4500 È¬± ëŒ·±Sí ˜±S 8 [’±È¬]Ê√Ú Ÿ¬ø ∏1 Ô±øfl¡ ø¬ı1 Δ √√ÀÂ√º Ó¬ÛÓ¬ ¬ıË±p¡Ú ’±1 ¬ı±˚≈ ¬Û≈1±ÀÚ1˜ÀÓ¬ - Ú±˜ø·˘±Ú- Œ·ÃÓ¬˜, ˆ¬1¡Z±Ê√, ø¬ıù´ø˜S, Ê√˜√ø¢¨,¬ıø˙©Ü, fl¡±˙…¬Û, ’øS ’±1 ‘¬&º

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ŒÚ¬Û±À˘1 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ øÓ¬ô¶±¬ı≈1œfl¡Í¬±fl≈¡1±Ìœ1 ’¬ıÓ¬±1 :±Ú fl¡À1º ø˙Àª1 ¶aœ ·e±º ¤À1

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’ÀÚÀfl¡ fl¡¬ı±fl¡ ‡≈ÀÊ√ Œ˚, Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œÊ√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±1 øÚÊ¶§ ¬± ∏± ±ø √√Ó¬… ¤˜Úøfl¡ fl¡˘±-fl‘¡ø©Ü› Ú± ◊√√ºfl¡±Ô±È¬± ¸Ó¬… Ú±øfl¡∑ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛È¬± øÚ(˚˛ ø¬ı‰¬±1 ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏ÌÀ˚±·…º¬ÛOÀ˜ ø¬ı‰¬±1 fl¡ø1¬ı±fl¡ ˘±ø·¬ıfl¡, Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛±¤fl¡È¬± ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ’±ÀÂ√ Ú± Ú± ◊√√º

¬ıU ’±À·1 fl¡±Ô± ¬ı±√ ø√À˘› Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ˜±Úƒø¯∏&˘±ÀÚ ˝√±ø1˚˛± Œfl¡±‰¬ Ô±øfl¡˚˛± ’±¸± ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ¸·±¤Ê√±ÀÚº ’À1 ≈¬Û≈S ø¬ıq ›1ÀÙ¬ ø¬ıù´ø¸—˝√√ 1±Ê√± √√¤’± ’11±ÀÊ√…1 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ ø‰¬fl¡Ú±Á¡±Î¬ˇ Ô±øfl¡ ¸À1’± øÚ˚˛± ’±˝◊√√fl¡±1Œfl¡±‰¬ø¬ı˝√√±1Ó¬ ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡1øÂ√˘º ¤1 ¬ÛÀ1 ’1 Œ¬ıÈ¬± ˝√√±1±Ê√Ú1Ú±1± ˛Ì 1±Ê√± √√¤’± ’À1 ŒÂ√±È¬ ¬± ◊√√ ø¬ıù´¬ıœ1 ø‰¬˘±1±À ˛1Œ¸Ú±√…é¬Ó¬±Ó¬ ≈XÊ√ ˛ fl¡ø1 ˛± ¤‡±Ú ø¬ı˙±˘ Œfl¡±‰¬-fl¡±˜±Ó¬±1±Ê√… ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡1øÂ√˘º ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ΔÚøÓ¬fl¡ fl¡±1Ì ¬ı˙Ó¬– ¬ı±Ò…˝√√¤’± øÚÀÊ√ 1±Ê√…‡±Ú ≈√˝◊√√ˆ¬±· fl¡ø1˚˛± ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙È¬± ø√øÂ√˘’À1 ‡≈¬ı øõ∂˚˛ ŒÂ√±È¬ ˆ¬±˝◊√√ ø‰¬˘±1±À˚˛1 ¬Û≈S 1‚≈À√¬ıÀfl¡ ’±1¬Ûø(˜ ’—˙È¬± øÚÊ√ ¬Û≈S é¬œÚ±1±˚Ìfl¡ ø√ ± 1587 ‡‘©Ü±sÓ¬’¤ Œ˙¯∏ øÚù´±¸ Ó¬…±· fl¡1ƒøÂ√˘º

õ∂ÀÓ¬…fl¡ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀ1 Ú± ˛fl¡ 1±Ê√± Ô±Àfl¡ ◊√√ ’±1‹ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙È¬±› ‹ ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±1 õ∂øÓ¬» ¬ı± õ∂Ó¬œfl¡ºŒfl¡±‰¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÈ¬±1 øMê√ ±˘œ ’±1 õ∂Ê√±¬ı»¸˘ 1±Ê√± ’±øÂ√¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ¤ ¸¬ı õ∂Ê√±¤ øÚÊ√Àfl¡ 1±Ê√±1 ¬ı—˙ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ø√˚˛± Œ·Ã1¬ıÀ¬ı±Ò fl¡1øÂ√˘º Ù¬À˘ fl¡±˘Sê˜Ó¬ ë1±Ê√ª—˙œí˙sÈ¬± Œfl¡±‰¬&˘±1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ˝√√¬ı± Òø1˘º¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡ ◊√√À˘ Œ˚ fl≈¡ÀÚ± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œÀfl¡ ¬ı≈Ê√±¬ı±1 ¬Û±À1º

fl¡±1Ì ‹ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ&˘±À1± 1±Ê√± ’±øÂ√˘ ¬ı± ¤˘±› ’±ÀÂ√ºfl¡±ÀÊ√ ‡±˘œ ë1±Ê√¬ı—˙œí ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˝◊√√À˘ ˚ÀÔ©Ü Ú±˝√√˚˛º ëŒfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œí ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡˝◊√√Õ˘ Œ¸Ú 1±Ê√± ø¬ıù´ø¸—À˝√√1 ¬ı—˙È¬±fl¡¬ı≈Ê√±¤º ¤˝◊√√ 1±Ê√¬ı—˙È¬±¤ ¬Û=√˙ ˙Ó¬±sœ Ô±øfl¡˚˛± ø¬ı—˙˙Ó¬±sœ1 ˜Ò… ¬Û˚«…ôL 1±Ê√Q fl¡1øÂ√˘ ’±1 ¤1 Œ˙¯∏≈ª± 1±Ê√±’±øÂ√˘ Ê√·√œÀ¬Ûf Ú±1± ˛Ìº Œ˜±1 ¤ ◊√√ ¬ıMê√¬ı… ‡±ø˘ ≈¶Û©Ü‹øÓ¬˝√√±ø¸fl¡ Ó¬…º fl¡±ÀÊ√ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ&˘±ÀÚ ‹ ø¬ıÀ˙ ∏Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 Œ˘±fl¡º ¤˝◊√√È¬± fl≈¡ÀÚ± ¸≈¬ÛøGÀÓ¬ ¬Û±åI◊±¬ı±fl¡Ú±¬Û±ø1¬ıfl¡º

1±Ê√± Ô±fl¡± ¬ı± Ú±Ô±fl¡± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ&˘±1 ˆ¬±À˘√√Î¬◊fl¡ ¬ı± Œ¬ı ˛±¤ √√Î¬◊fl¡ øÚÊ√¶§ ¤fl¡1fl¡˜ ¬± ∏±, fl‘¡ø©Ü, ‹øÓ¬ √√…,

¬ı± ¬Û1•Û1± Ô±øfl¡¬ı±¤ ±ø·¬ıfl¡º ¤ ◊√√ÀÈ¬± ¤fl¡È¬± ’øÓ¬ ¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡¬ı±ô¶ø¬ıfl¡Ó¬± (Natural truth) ¤ ◊√√ Ó¬…È¬±fl¡ fl≈¡ÀÚ± ¬ÛøGÀÓ¬Ú± fl¡ø1¬ı±1 Ú±¬Û±À1º ¤˝◊√√ Œé¬SÓ¬ fl¡±¬ı±¤ fl¡±¬ı±¤ ˆ¬G±ø˜ ¬ı±Œ¬ıvfl¡À˜˝◊√√ø˘— fl¡ø1¬ı±1 Œ‰¬©Ü± fl¡ø1¬ı±fl¡ ¬Û±À1º øfl¡cfl¡ ë¸Ó¬…˜ƒ¤¬ı Ê√˚˛ÀÓ¬ííº ¸Ó¬…È¬± ¸”À˚«…1 ˜ÀÓ¬± ˆ¬±¶®1º ¬ˆ¬G±ø˜ fl¡1±¬ÛøGÓ¬&˘±1 ΔÊ√ÀÚ… ’±øÊ√ øfl¡cfl¡ ¬ıM«√√ ±Ú ’±¸±À˜1 é¬ø˚ ≈û’ª¶ö±º ëŒ˝√√˜Àfl¡±¯∏í ’øˆ¬Ò±Ú, ‰¬Ó≈¬V«˙ ˙Ó¬±sœÀÓ¬ ø¬ı1ø‰¬Ó¬˜±Òª fl¡μø˘1 5fl¡±G 1±˜± ˛Ì ’±1n∏ ’Ú…±Ú… ’ÀÚfl¡ õ∂±‰¬œÚ¢∂Lö¸˜”˝√√ ’¸˜œ˚˛±¬ı±À√1 ¬G 1+¬ÛÈ¬± ¬±ø„√√˚˛± Òø1ÀÂ√º ≈√˝◊√√È¬±fl¡±G ˝√√±À1’± Œ·˝◊√√ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± Œ¯∏±Î¬ˇ˙ ˙Ó¬±sœÓ¬ ˜˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏˙Ç1Àª ’±1 ’À1 õ∂Ò±Ú ø˙ ∏… ±Ò¬ıÀ√Àª Î¬◊M√√1±fl¡±G ’±1’±ø√fl¡±G 1‰¬Ú± fl¡1±Ó¬À √√ 5fl¡±G 1±˜±˚Ì‡±Ú •Û”Ì« √√ ◊√√ º1±˜±˚˛ÀÌ1 ˜”˘ ¬Û±G≈ø˘ø¬ÛÓ¬ ëë’¸˜œ˚˛± ¸5fl¡±G 1±˜±˚˛Ìíí

73

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¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ‹ øÓ¬Ú 1‰¬Àfl¡1 fl¡±À˝√√± Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡À1 Ú±˝◊√√º ˝◊√√√±Úœ—fl¡±˘Ó¬ ‹ 1±˜±˚ÌÓ¬ ë’¸˜œ˚±í sÈ¬± ’Ú≈ø‰¬Ó¬ ¬±À¬ı √√ô¶À ¬ÛÚfl¡1± ˝√√˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ’±¸À˘ 1±˜±˚˛Ì‡±ÀÚ1 ˆ¬±¯∏± Ó¬Ô± fl¡øÔÓ¬’¸˜œ ˛± Ú± √√¤ º ¬Û”¬ı ’±¸±À˜1 ¬ı« ±Ò±1ÀÌ ¤ ◊√√ 1±˜± ˛ÀÌ1ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı±Àfl¡ Ú±¬Û±À1º øfl¡cfl¡ ¬Ûø(˜ ’±¸±À˜1 øfl¡—¬ı±Î¬◊M√√1 ¬ıÀe1 Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ&˘±¤ ¬ı≈fl¡Ó¬ ˘±·± fl¡ø1˚˛±¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı±fl¡ ¬Û±À1º fl¡±ÀÊ√ ¤˝◊√√ ¢∂Lö‡±ÀÚ Ó¬fl«¡±Ó¬œÓ¬ õ∂˜±Ì fl¡À1Œ˚, 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± ¤fl¡È¬± ˆ¬±¯∏± ’±ÀÂ√ ’±1 ¤˝◊√√ ˆ¬±¯∏±1’Ú≈¬Û˜ ¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…› ’±ÀÂ√º 1±˜±˚˛Ì‡±ÀÚ1 1‰¬Ú± fl¡±˘Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ˆ¬±¯∏±1 fl≈¡ÀÚ± ¬ı…±fl¡1Ì¬ı˛ ¬ı± ’øˆ¬Ò±Ú ’±øÂ√˘ ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± Ê√±Ú±Ú±˚±¤ ˙, ¯∏, ¸ ¬ıÌ«1 Ò√ıøÚ ¬ı± Î¬◊2‰¬±1Ì 1œøÓ¬ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ˚˛º‘√©Ü±ôL - [29 ¬Û‘– – fl¡±– 1±–]

.........................................................ëëqøÚ Ú±1œ øÚ1ôLÀ1 ø√˘± Ó¬±Ç õ∂Ó≈¬…M√√1

¸À¬ı ’±ø˜ Î¬◊M√√˜ Ó¬¬Û¶§œÊ√±ÀÚ± Ó≈¬ø˜ ˜≈øÚ1±Ê√, ¬Ûø˙ Ó¬À¬Û±Ú ˜±Ê√

fl¡1± Ó¬¬Û ¤fl¡ ˜ÀÚ ¬ıø¸ºíí...............................................

ë¬ıø¸í sÈ¬±1 Î¬◊2‰¬±1Ì ëÓ¬¬Û¶§œí s1 ·Ó¬ ø˜˘±¬ı±fl¡ ±ø·À˘¬1±Ê√ª—˙œ˚˛ 1œøÓ¬Ó¬ [fl¡±˜1+¬Û-˜±·Òœ1+¬ÛÓ¬] fl¡ø1¬ı±fl¡˘±ø·¬ıfl¡ ñ Œ¸Ã˜±1œ˚ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ Ú± √√¤ ë¬ıø¸í sÈ¬± Œ √√ Àfl¡± ∏Ó¬¶ö±Ú ¬Û±¬ı±fl¡ Ú±˘±À·º fl¡±1Ì ¬ıø¸ ±ÀÚ ◊√√—1±Ê√œÓ¬ sitting’±1 ’¸˜œ ˛±Ó¬ ë¬ıø √√íº fl¡μ˘œ ≈À·1 ±ø √√Ó¬…, Ç1œ ≈À·1¸±ø˝√√Ó¬… ’Ô«±» ÿÚø¬ı—˙ ˙Ó¬±sœ1 õ∂±˚˛ Œ˙¯∏ ¬Û˚«…ôL 1ø‰¬Ó¬˚íÓ¬ ±ø˝√√Ó¬… ‹ ¬ı&˘±¤ ’Ú±-’¸˜œ ˛±º ¬ı…±¸À√¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘ ˛±‡…±Ó¬ fl¡ø¬ı 1±˜¸1¶§Ó¬œ¤ ’Ú≈¬ı±√ fl¡1± ˜˝√√±ˆ¬±1Ó¬‡±ÀÚ1ˆ¬± ∏±› ’Ú± ’¸˜œ ˛±º fl¡±1Ì √√±1±Ê√ Ú1Ú±1± ˛ÀÌ ’1 øõ∂ ˛fl¡ø¬ı 1±˜¸1¶§Ó¬œfl¡ ¸—¶‘®Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡˚˛± Œ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ ’Ú≈¬ı±√fl¡ø1¬ı±1 ΔÊ√ÀÚ… ’Ú≈À1±Ò fl¡1øÂ√ º ¤ ◊√√ fl¡±Ô±È¬± 1±˜¸1¶§Ó¬œ¤øÚÀÊ√ õ∂¸eÓ¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1˚˛± Ô˝◊√√ÀÂ√ ñ

ëë ’±˜±fl¡ ’±:± fl¡ø1˘± ¬Û1˜ ¸±√À1ºˆ¬±1Ó¬1 ¬Û√ Ó≈¬ø˜ fl¡ø1À˚˛±fl¡ ±À1ºº’±˜±1 ·‘ √√Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√ ¬± ∏…È¬œfl¡± Ó¬ºøÚÀ ˛±fl¡ ’±À¬Û±Ú ·‘À √√ ø√À˘±À √√± ˜ô¶ºº¤ ◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘ 1±Ê√± À¬ı ¬ı˘±øÒ Œ‚±1±˝◊√√

¬Û±Í¬± ◊√√˘± ¬Û≈ô¶fl¡ À¬ı ’±˜±¸±1 Í¬± ◊√√ººŒfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√ ˆ¬±Ó¬ √√¤’± Ô±fl¡± ±ø √√Ó¬… ‰¬2‰«¬± —¶‘®Ó¬ ’±1 Œ√ˆ¬±¯∏±ÀÓ¬ ˝√√¤’± ’±øÂ√˘º ’¸˜œ˚˛± ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ ˝√√¬ı±Àfl¡ Ú±¬Û±À¬ı,ø¬ı1±È¬ ø˜Â√± fl¡±Ô±º ëŒ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏±í ˙sÀÈ¬±1 Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡1øÂ√˘ø¬ıù´¬ıœ1 ¬ÛøGÓ¬ ø‰¬˘±1±¤ ˚‡Ú ’¤ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¸ˆ¬±1 fl¡ø¬ı¬ÛøGÓ¬ ¬ÛœÓ¬±•§1fl¡ fl¡ ◊√√øÂ√ ñ

...............................................ëë ¬Û≈1±Ì±ø√ ±À¶a Œ˚ø √√ 1 √√ … ’±Â√ ˛º¬ÛøGÓ¬ ¬ı≈Ê√˚˛ ±S ’Ú…˚˛ Ú≈¬ı≈Ê√˚˛ºº¤fl¡±1ÀÌ Œù≠±fl¡ ˆ¬±ø„√√ ¸À¬ı ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı±1ºøÚÊ√ Œ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ıÀg 1ø‰¬À˚˛± ¬Û˚˛±1ííºº¤ÀÓ¬ øÚÊ√ Œ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏± ‡±ÀÚ Œfl¡±‰¬-fl¡±˜±Ó¬± Œ√˙Àfl¡

¬ı≈Ê√± ◊√√ÀÂ√, …±˜À√˙, ¬ı± ¬ıËp¡À√˙fl¡ ¬ı≈Ê√±¤ Ú± ◊√√º ¤ ◊√√ Œ√À˙1˜±Úø¯∏&˘±ÀÚ ¬ı≈øÊ√¬ı± ˘±ø·À˘ ¤˝◊√√ Œ√À˙1 Œ√˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±ÀÓ¬ø˘ø‡¬ı± ˘±ø·¬ıfl¡º Œfl¡±‰¬-fl¡±˜±Ó¬± Œ√À˙1 ˜±Úø¸ &˘±Ú ‹¸˜±˚˛Ó¬ ¬ı‘˝√√» ¬’—À˙ ’±øÂ√˘ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ &˘±¤º ‹¸˜±˚˛Ó¬ õ∂¬ıËÊ√Ú õ∂±˚˛ Ú± ˝√√˝◊√√øÂ√˘ - ˜±S ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏õ∂À˚±Ê√ÚÓ¬ fl¡˚ ¤fl¡Ê√Ú, Œ˚˜Ú-¬ı± ≈Ú, Ú±ø¬ÛÓ¬, ŒÒ±ª±, fl¡±˜±1,fl≈¡˜±1 ◊√√Ó¬…±ø√º ¤ ◊√√ õ∂¬ıËÊ√Úfl¡±1œ1 &˘±ÀÚ —‡…±Ó¬ fl¡˜, fl¡±ÀÊ√¬ı‘ √√» Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ Œfl¡±‰¬-1±Ê√¬ı—˙œ1 ¬± ∏±Àfl¡ Î¬◊ø˜1± fl¡¬ı± ±·±Ó¬¬Ûø1øÂ√˘ ’±1 Î¬◊˜±1 øÚÊ√¶§ ˆ¬±¯∏± øfl¡¬ı± Ô±øfl¡À˘› Œ¸˝◊√√È¬±1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±1 ˘·Ó¬ øfl¡Â≈√È¬± ø˜˙˘ ‡±˝◊√√øÂ√˘ ’±1 Œ¸˝◊√√¬ı±À√ 1±Ê√ª—˙œ ˆ¬±¯∏±È¬±1 øfl¡Â≈√ 1+¬Û±ôL1 Œ√‡± Œ·˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ¬ı±¤˘±› Œ√‡± ±¤º ¤ ◊√√ ΔÊ√ÀÚ… Œ˚ fl≈¡ÀÚ± ¬± ∏± √±˚ ·øÓ¬˙œ˘(Dynamic)º

’©Ü±√˙ ˙Ó¬±sœ1 õ∂±˚˛ ˜Ò…Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ Œ√˙ˆ¬±¯∏± Ú±˜fl¡ˆ¬≈Ó¬È¬±¤ ’±À √√±˜ 1±Ê√ ˆ¬±ÀÓ¬± ±¤’± ‚È¬ƒ-˜Èƒ¬ fl¡1ƒøÂ√ º fl¡±1Ì¶§·«À√Î¬◊ 1n∏^ø¸—˝√√¤ ’1 1±Ê√¸ˆ¬±Ó¬ 1±˜Ú±1±˚˛Ì ›1ÀÙ¬fl¡ø¬ı1±Ê√ ‰¬Sê¬ıM«√√œfl¡ Î¬±Àfl¡’± øÚ˚± fl¡±¬ı… ø˘ø‡¬ı± ±À· ¬ıø˘˚±’fl¡ ’±À√ ø√øÂ√ º øfl¡cfl¡ ’¤ øfl¡ ’± ¬± ∏±Ó¬ fl¡±¬ı… ø˘ø‡¬ıfl¡∑’¤ÀÓ¬± ’±À˝√√±˜ È¬±˝◊√√ ¬±¯∏± Ê√±ÀÚÚ±º Ó¬‡Ú ¶§·«À√Î¬◊¤ ’fl¡Œ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏±ÀÓ¬± ø˘ø‡¬ı±fl¡ fl¡˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ¤˝◊√√ fl¡±Ô±È¬± fl¡ø¬ı øÚÀÊ√Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1 ˛± Ô≈ ◊√√ÀÂ√ñ

ëë ¬¬Û≈1±Ì1 Œ|á¬ ¬ıËp¡Õ¬ıªM«√√ ¬Û≈1±Ìºfl‘¡¯ûÊ√ij‡G Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û1˜ õ∂Ò±Úºº

74

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¸±√1 —fl¡±˙ ’±1 &Î¬ˇ ’øˆ¬õ∂±˚˛º¸±¬ıÀ˙À¯∏ Œfl¡±Ú ÚÀ1 Ó¬±1 ’Ô« ¬Û±˚˛ººÓ¬Ô±ø¬ÛÀÓ¬± ¬Û√ ¬ıÀg Œ√˙-ˆ¬±¯∏± Òø1º˜øÓ¬ ’Ú≈¸±À1 ø¬ı1ø‰¬À˘± ˚P fl¡ø1ººííÓ¬± √√À˘ ’©Ü±√ Ó¬±sœÀÓ¬± ’¸˜œ ˛± ¬± ∏±¤ Ê√ij¢∂ √√Ì

fl¡ø1¬ı±fl¡ ¬Û±À1 Ú±˝◊√√º ’¸˜œ˚˛± ˆ¬±¯∏± ¤fl¡È¬± Ô±øfl¡À˘ÀÓ¬±Œ√˙ˆ¬±¯∏± ¬ı≈ø˘˚˛± fl¡›’±1 √fl«¡±À1 Ú±øÂ√˘º ‰¬SêªÓ«¬œ¤ 1‰¬Ú±fl¡1± fl≈¡ôL˘± fl¡±¬ı…, ∫‰”¬Î¬ fl¡±¬ı… ’±ø√1 ¬± ∏± ’¸˜œ˚± Ú± √√¤ºøfl¡Â≈√È¬± Œ¸Ã˜1œ˚ õ∂ ¬±ª Œ√‡± ±S ’±ÀÂ√º ¶§·«À√Î¬◊ 1n∏ ø¸— √√¤øÚÀÊ√ 1‰¬Ú± fl¡1± ¤fl¡È¬± ·œøÓ¬ é¬Úœ ˛º

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The Koch-Rajbongshis and theirRoyal Heritages in Assam

Dhananjoy Barman

The Koch-Rajbongshis are one of theancient indigenous ethnic groups of people inSouth Asia. In India, they live abundantly in allthe plain districts of Assam, North Bengal partof West Bengal, Purnia and some other ad-joining districts of Bihar and West Garo Hillsdistrict of Meghalaya. In Nepal, they are inlarge numbers in the districts of Jhapa, Morangand Sunsari. In Bangladesh, they are found inlarge numbers in Rangpur, Dinajpur,Mymensingh, Pabna, Jessore, Bogra,Jhinaidaha, Norail, Magura, Thakurga,Nilfamari, Joypurhat, Tangail, Manikganj,Naoga & Faridpur districts.

On the basis of analysis of a largenumber of prominent historians, such asHodgson, Buchanan, Colonel Delton etc. SirEdward Gait has proclaimed, “The Kocheswere a Mongoloid race, . . .we find that inJalpaiguri, Koch-Behar and Goalpara the per-sons now known as Rajbansi are either pureKoches who though dark have a distinctlyMongoloid physiognomy or else a mixed breedin which the Mongoloid element predomi-nates”. Prominent scholars Hamilton and

Hudson say that the Rajbongshis and Kochesare the same. In terms of facial expression andfigure Koch-Rajbongshi people show a dis-tinct approximation to Mongoloid race. Ac-cording to C.C.Sanyal “Koches are Non –Aryan in origin.” It’s pertinent here to mentionwhat Dr. D. Nath has to say in his book “His-tory of Koch-Kingdom” i.e. “It’s possible thatwhen the Koches became conscious abouttheir past ancestral glory at later period, theybegan to call themselves as Rajbongshi-mean-ing descendents of royal kindred.”

Thus it may be deemed that the Koch-Rajbongshis are one of the indigenous groupsof people of Asian continent belonging to theMongolian stock, who traversed in differentplaces of Asia from the pre-Vedic and pre-historic period. During the Vedic and epic agethey were frequently referred to as Asuras (inRig Veda), Mlechachas (in Padmapura &Yaginitantra), Kiratas, Non-Aryan, Pani-Koches and Kuvacha in other Purans andTantras. The ethnic origin and the antiquity ofthe Koches who later came to be known asRajbongshis and popularly known as Koch-

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Rajbongshis can be realized through the avail-able religious books, historical and traditionalrecords, social customs, religious rites and ritu-als.

Prag-jyotishpur/Kamrup/ Kamatapuris the ancient homeland of the Koch-Rajbongshis. The present divided Kamatapurincluded the entire North-Bengal, large partsof Assam and adjoining parts of Bihar, Nepal,Bhutan and Bangladesh. According to Colo-nel Shakespear and noted historian SailenDebnath, the beginning of Kamata-Kingdomcan be assumed from the emergence ofSangaldip who became powerful in Kamrupain 7th century and it continued through ups anddowns till the year 1498 when its last capitalat Gosanimari (West Bengal) was devastatedby Alauddin Husain Shah of Gauda. The an-cient Kamata kingdom, according to SailenDebnath comprised the tract of land boundedby Karatoya in the west, the Brahmaputra inthe east, the Himalayas in the north and PadmaBrahmaputra basin in the south. However thereis a historical rupture till Haria Mondal of theearly part of 16th century through whomemerged the Koch dynasty.

Haria Mandal was a resident ofChiknajhar in the Khutaghat pargana of undi-vided Goalpara district, presently Kokrajhardistrict in Assam. It’s seen that the golden tra-dition of Koch-Kingdom started fromBiswasingha, the son of Haria Mandal (1515-1540 AD). However after the fall of Koch kingNaranarayana, the son of Biswasingha (1540-1584AD) and his brother Chila Ray their suc-cessors could not retain the glory of the king-dom. After the death of Naranarayana in 1584,

the greater Koch Kingdom came to be dividedinto Koch Hajo and Koch Behar, The easternpart Koch Hajo was ruled by Raghu Narayana,son of Chila Ray, and western part KochBehar was ruled by Lakshmi Narayana, sonof Naranarayana.

Later, the Koch Behar kingdom wasmerged with the Indian Republic on 12th Sept,1949 as per the legendary Merger Agreementon 28th Aug, 1949 signed between last KochKing Maharaja Jagaddipendra Narayan BhupBahadur(1936-1950) and Sardar VallabhBhai Patel , the then Home Minister, Govt. ofIndia procuring some beneficiary conditionsfor the Koch-Rajbongshis which were neverfulfilled.

Even in the present day Assam andWest Bengal the Koch Royal Heritages areavailable and some of them in the presentAssam are as follows-

Chiknajhar/ Chikongram- It is situ-ated on the Indo-Bhutan international bound-ary in the Kokrajhar district of Assam. Theplace is historically significant because the 16th

century Koch Dynasty originated from here.Biswasingha(1515-1540 AD), the founder ofKoch Kingdom initiated his administrativefunction from here and later shifted his capitalto Koch Behar. He started patronizing Hin-duism from this place. He began worshippingSiva, Durga; rebuilt the dilapidated KamakhyaTemple on Nilachal hill and revived worship-ping. He also began settling Brahmins, importingthem from Kanauj, Benares and other centresof learning.

Now a days, apparently there is noth-ing significant at Chiknajhar except few wreck-

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ages around the tropical rain forest.Bijni Rajbari (Abhyapuri): It is situated inthe heart of Abhyapuri town, one of the subdivisional headquarters of Bongaigaon districtin the territory of Assam. It was the capital ofancient Bijni Koch Kingdom established byRaja Bijit Narayan alias Chandra Narayan in1671 following a settlement between theMughals and the king of Koch Hajo ParikshitNarayan. Bijit Narayan was the son ofParikshit Narayan as well as the great-grand-son of Chilaray. The subsequent rulers of an-cient Bijni Kingdom were- Joy Narayan, ShivNarayan, Bijoy Narayan, Mukunda Narayan,Haridev Narayan, Indra Narayan, AmritNarayan, Kumud Narayan, Rani Abhyaeswari,Jogendra Narayan and BhairabendraNarayan.The area of Bijni Kingdom was between theriver Manas and Sankosh. The first capital ofBijni Kingdom was at modern Bijni town(1671–1864) but later the capital was shiftedto Dumuria. A dreaded earthquake occurredon 12th June,1897 badly damaged the royalpalace of Dumuriya, and therefore, it was de-cided to shift the capital again to Deohati for-est area which was later named as Abhayapuriafter Devi Abhoyamata, the family deity of theruling dynasty. Bairabendra Narayan becamethe last king of Bijni Kingdom on 18th June1938 under the provision of Court of Wardsand ruled till the Indian Government seized theindigenous estates in 1956.Some ancient buildings are still available atthe place and descendents are dwelling in andaround the place. Abhayeswari H.S. & M.P.School, the most notable educational institu-

tion in the town of Abhayapuri established in1904 by the Bijni Raj Estate is considered oneof the early major educational institutions inthe state of Assam.Darrang Raj Howly(Mangaldai)- It is situ-ated just a few kilometers away from theMangaldai town. During the reign of kingParikshit Narayan in Koch-Hajo his brotherBalinarayan established Darrang kingdom in1614 in patronization of the Ahom king PratapSingha. The area of Darrang kingdom wasbetween Barnadi and Bharali river.Balinarayan’s descendants Mahindra Narayan,Chandra Narayan, Surya Narayan continuedto rule the region till it was annexed by theBritish in 1826.The original place of the Raj Howly now ap-pears to be a cultivating field; whatsoever, thewide barrages are still available. The descen-dants of the Royal Family are dwelling in andaround the place. The Goddess Durga is tra-ditionally worshipped here in a bit differentway. Some ancient weapons and precioushousehold materials are still available with thefamily members owing to their intensive per-sonal care.

Beltola Rajbari (Guwahati): It islocated in the city of Guwahati. Beltola KochKingdom was established by Raghudev’s an-other son Harnarayan alias Gajnarayan in1617. Ahom king Pratap Singha was instru-mental in making him king of Beltola.Gajnarayan’s descendents continued to rule inthe region till the British period.Rajendranarayan was the last king of BeltolaKingdom.

Now a days, there is not any ancient

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imperial building in the Rajbari; but some ofthe descendent royal family members are stilldwelling in and around the place with a greatroyal enthusiasm being engaged in various lit-erary and social work.

Khaspur Rajbari (silchar):Biswasingha’s another son Kamal Narayanalias Gosain Kamal established Koch King-dom of Khaspur. He was previously entrustedto various welfare work during Naranarayana’sreign. While Chilaray came back to KochBehar from invasion trip, defeating almost allthe kings of the adjoining areas ofBrahmapur(Khaspur), Jayantia, Dimaruya,Manipur etc., Kamal Narayana got settled atKhaspur.After Kamal Narayan the subsequentrulers of the Khaspur were Udita Narayan,Vijay Singha, Dhir Singha, Mahendra Singha,Ranjit Singha, Nara Singha, Bhim Singha.Bhim Singh’s only daughter Kanchani wasmarried to prince Lakshichandra of Kacharikingdom. After Lakshichandra,Krishnachandra and Gobindachandra becamethe ruler and then it was annexed by the Brit-ish.The Rajbari is situated a few kilometers awayfrom the Silchar town. According to somescholars the name Silchar derives from theword Chilarai. Up to this day there are 10Koch-Rajbongshi villages in Cachar namely-Harinagar, Japaribon, Laburbon, Garorbon,Dewanbasti, Narayanpur, Larsingpar,Thaligram, Lakshichora and Digli. They arepopularly known as Dewan and they speakDewan language which is almost similar toRajbongshi language. Up to this day, some oldfashioned prominent buildings are available at

Khaspur Rajbari. The people of the region in-herit some ancient weapons and the legacy ofthe Koches.

Sidli Rajbari: It is located atBidyapur in Bongaigaon district of Assam. Itwas the capital of Sidli Kingdom. Sidli King-dom was a part of greater Koch Kingdom.During the reign of Shib Narayan in Bijni, aKoch General Sur Narayan was entrusted torule the Sidli region. Later Bhim Shing aliasBhima Patgiri became the king of Sidli whowas the descendent of Jira, the wife of HaridasMandal, the progenitor of Koch kingdom. Thesubsequent kings of Sidli Kingdom were-Samudra Narayan, Lakshmi Narayan, UdayNarayan, Surya Narayan, Gaurinarayan,Bishnu Narayan, Indra Narayan , AbhayNarayan and Ajit Narayan. Earlier the capitalof Sidli Kingdom was at Sidli. But during theperiod of Bishnu Narayan the capital wasshifted to this Bidyapur. Moreover, during theperiod of King Gauri Narayan a battle heldwith the Bhutanees in due support from Brit-ish and the present Indo-Bhutan internationalboundary was settled. The last king of SidliKingdom was Ajit Narayan Dev, who expiredon 17th April, 1984

Bidyapur is almost a deserted placenow. But some ancient majestic constructions,sample weapons, possessions are still avail-able there . Some of them have been kept inthe museum. Some of the descendents aredwelling in and around the Rajbari with duepride and dignity. People of the region stilllove and respect them.The Kamakhya Temple: It is one of the liveKoch Royal heritages situated on the Nilachal

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Hill in the western part of Guwahati. Duringthe first half of the 16th century the dilapidatedKamakhya Temple was structured byBiswasingha. While it was again devastatedin an earthquake in 1548, the Koch KingNaranayana entrusted to Chilaray to recon-struct the temple. Chilaray entrusted the re-construction work to an eminent architect,Megha Mughdum who completed it within oneyear. There is a myth that the temple is madeof brick fried in pure ghee which is supposedto be a divinely suggestion. A total number of15,000 gold and 4, 25,000 silver coins werespent to reconstruct the temple which Chilarayreceived as tributes through conquest. Thepresent structure of the Kamakhya Templewas inaugurated by Naranarayana in 1565 inpresence of the lakhs of devotees. Thesculpted images of Naranarayan and Chilarayand the related stone inscription in the templeimply that the Koch-Rajbongshis have beenthe sincere devotees of the GoddessKamakhya since time immemorial.

The Gosain Kamal Ali: It was anembanked road measuring 350 miles long fromKoch-Behar to Narayanpur of NorthLakhimpur. The road was constructed underthe supervision of Naranarayana’s anotherbrother Gosain Kamal alias Kamalnarayan in

1547. Disrupted parts of this great KochRoyal heritage are still in existence in severalparts of Assam and West Bengal.

These Koch Royal Heritages havebeen still exhibiting the lost glory of the Koch-Rajbongshis. Gradually, this group of peopleare politically separated both nationally and in-ternationally such as Assam, Bengal, Bihar,Meghalaya etc. in India, Bangladesh andNepal. They become very insignificant in dif-ferent demographical and political context.Thus the peoples become minority in each ofthe state/country losing their right to politicalrepresentation in the modern democratic sys-tem. The preservation of their ethnic identityfaces a tremendous challenge in the presentcontext.

The eminent Koch-Kings, their king-dom are now a memory, confined to historyonly. Due to disintegration, the glory of theKoch-Rajbongshis is also now fading away.Notwithstanding , in the present day, the greatRajbari situated at Koch Behar in West Ben-gal, the various smaller Rajbaris in Assam, andother Koch Royal Heritages spread over indifferent parts of the country and abroad, stand-ing as the landmarks of greater Koch Kingdomas well as the live history of Koch-Rajbongshis.Aren’t these the heritages of the country?

References-1. Barma, Dr. Sukhbilas : Bhawaiya-Chatka, Sopan, Kolkata,20112. Barma, Debendra Nath: Rajbansi Bhashar Itihas, Sopan, Kolkata,20123. Bhakat,Dr. D. N. :Naranarayana –Chila Ray, 20104. Bhakat,Dr. D. N. :Asomar Koch-Rajbongshi Janajati,20085. Biswas, Ashok: Bangladesher Rajbongshi Samaj o Sanskriti, Dhaka,20056. Boruah, Ajit Kumar: The Koch Kingdom,DVS, Guwahati,2011

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ø¬ı¯∏≈ª±7. Choudhury, Ambika Choran: The Koches Around the World,20068. Choudhury, Ambika Choran: Koch-Rajbongshi Janogostir Itihas Aru Sanskriti,20119. Dev Choudhury, Dr. Nishipada, Begam, Senehi and Barman, Dr. Santo: Asamar

Itihas,Asam Sahitya Sabha,Guwahati,200710. Das, Arup Jyoti : Kamatapur and the Koch-Rajbongshi Imagination, Guwahati,201111. Fouzdar, Shashee Bhushan: Shashi Bhushan Fouzdar Rachanavalee, Asam Sahitya

Sabha,Jorhat,200712. Gait, Sir Edward, A History of Assam, Guwahati13. Gautam, Dr. Rajesh: Rajbanshis of Nepal, New Delhi,200514. Guha, Amalendu: Jamidar-Kalin Gowalpara Jilar Artha-Samajik awastha, Guwahati,200015. Guha, Sri Upendrachandra: Kachharer Itibritta, Sopan Publishers, Kolkata,201216. Hossain, Ismail: Barak Upatyakar Asomiyar Itihash, Jyoti Prakashan, Guwahati, 200817. Nath, Dr. D : History of the Koch Kingdom(1515-1615), Delhi,198918. Pahalan, the Souvenir, the 8th Biennial Conference of AKRSU, 2008, Kalipukhuri19. Rajkhowa, Jyoti Prashad, Generalissimo Chilarai And His Times, Guwahati,200120. Roy, Dr. Dipak Kumar: Rajbangshi Samaj Aro Sanskritir Katha,Sopan, Kolkata,201221. Sanyal, C.C : The Rajbansis of North Bengal, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta,196522. Sarma, Kanak Chandra: Avolokanat Asam Itihas, Banphool Prakashan, Guwahati, 2011

The Kamakhya Temple rebuilt by Maharaja Nara Narayana & Chilaray in 1565 A.D.

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Anuj Choudhury

Internally Displaced Koch-Rajbanshisof Assam: The Forgotten Misery

At the peak of Bodo movement forseparate homeland in the 1980’s the first com-munity that was targeted, looted, killed anddisplaced, with the intend of ethnic-cleansingwere the Koch-Rajbanshis. From our visit tothe field it was reported that around 60 peoplebelonging to the Koch-Rajbanshi communitywere brutally massacred by the militants. HarisPathak (38 years) can still recall the heinouscrime he saw when he was a child. He nar-rates one of the incident where a poor oldKoch-Rajbanshi lady, who used to live herlife by selling betel leaf, unable to pay ransomto the militants, was tutored, the militantsstabbed her eye-balls mercilessly with sharpweapon and made her blind before killing her.With the rising violence, in the year 1989 fromthe northern part of Bongaigaon (nowChirang) district, about 220 Koch-Rajbanshifamilies from 43 villages fled from their homesleaving behind their valuable property like land,cattle, crops, etc and took shelter in variousdesignated camps to escape the carnage un-leashed by armed militants.

After being displaced, the victims fora year were kept in various camps in

Bongaigaon district. They were first made tosettle in Dolaigaon Lower Primary School andthen from there they were shifted to NorthBoitamari High School, from Boitamari HighSchool they were again shifted to DangtolaLower Primary School and then to Kukurmari,where they stayed in make-shift tents. After ayear, after being made to shift different places,in the year 1990 finally they were made tosettle in Phoolkumari, Babunitila-I, Babunitila-II and Pochim Bhadragaon relief camps inBidyapur in Bongaigaon. As a relief materialthe displaced only received a 5-6 meter plas-tic sheet and Rs. 2,500 per family. In theserelief camps there are also few Rabha,Sutradhar, Nath and Kalita families who havealso been victims of mass killings of the Bodomovement.

25 years have passed till now; thesefamilies are still living in these relief camps inmost pathetic conditions. Once these peoplewho were proud farmers and tilled their ownancestral land have been pushed to extremepoverty and are fighting for their basic survival.Also, due to river bank erosion the land allot-ted for Babunitila-II relief camp is also no more.

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The river water has washed away this land.The 200 families that were taking shelter inthis relief camp have moved to other campsand some have settled in the outskirts ofBongaigaon district on barren lands. The lo-cations where they have settled are in SanyasiPahar, Khokorpur, Karigaon, etc.

Present Situation:The inmates are having a hard time

leaving in these camps. The civil society orga-nizations, student unions and the local admin-istration have completely neglected this popu-lation. Majority of the population works asdaily wage laborers for their income. The con-dition in the relief camp is so degrading andpoverty ridden that the livelihood of many fami-lies is also dependent on selling of country li-quor. There are also families in the relief campwhere prostitution has become their means ofsurvival.

The government has allotted 332 bighaof land for the Phoolkumari relief camp in-mates but till today none of the displaced hasreceived any land patta from the concernedauthorities. This has also led to other commu-nities who are in majority in that area, mainlythe Muslims, forcefully occupying the reliefcamp’s land. Similar is also the case withBamunitila Relief Camp where Muslims haveoccupied a major portion of the relief camp’sland. Moreover, the inmates themselves have

sold lands to other communities at very cheaprates due to poverty. The land which currentprice would be around Rs. 1.5 lakhs per bigha,the inmates have sold it for just Rs. 10,000. At present the main concern among the in-mates has been to legalize these lands.

There is also problem of high drop-outs and illiteracy in the village. The villageschool is not functioning properly as theteachers don’t turn up regularly. Same is thecondition with the anganwadi also. Moreover,anganwadi workers and teachers have beenemployed from outside the village which isagainst the rule.

Phoolkumari, Babunitila andBhadragaon have been brought under theambit of revenue village and the inmates gottheir voting rights in 1997. But this popula-tion has mainly been seen as second class citi-zens and only used as vote banks. Every timebefore the elections they are promised manythings by the leaders but after the electionsnone of the promises are fulfilled and the lead-ers only turn up after five years again.MGNREGA is functioning in the village butnone of the inmate of the relief camps has gotjob cards. However, recently few familieshave received Rs. 10,000 under Indira AwazYojana to build houses and the families haveBPL card and are beneficiaries of the PublicDistribution System.

Source: Kamatapur.comAnuj Choudhury is a Research Scholar at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai .

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Khan Choudhury Amanatulla Ahmedand the Historiography of the Koch

Rajbanshis of Kamrup- Kamata

Dr. Jyotirmoy Prodhani,Prof. NEHU

Khan Choudhury Amanatulla Ahmedborn to a respected family of landed gentry inthe small village of Bara Maricha in theMathabhanga subdivision of Coochbehar in1873, is one of the major native historiansduring the colonial periods to have taken thetask of writing the history of a very significantkingdom and its people – Koch Behar andthe Koches. In fact, writing history was an in-tellectual resistance to the constant feeding ofthe colonisers about real and imagined storiesthat further demonised, denigrated and disfig-ured the natives. The substantial amount oftexts produced by the colonial authors fromthe late 18th century onward is symptomaticof a typical colonial design to map, interpel-late and construct the natives. In the contextof North East India there has been a signifi-cant proliferation of works pertaining to thedocumentation of the indigenous ethnic com-munities of the land. This includes the authorslike B.H. Hodgson (Koch, Bodo and DhimalTribes, 1847), Alexander Mackenzie (TheNorth East Frontier 1884), T.C. Hodson (TheMeithis, in 1908), Sidney Endle (The Kacharis,

1911), William Carey (The Garo Jungle Book,1919), J.P. Mills (The Rengma Nagas, 1937)and many more. Quite significantly, barring afew, most of these writers were not trainedhistorians or professional academics; ratherthey were mostly mid level administrators orassociated with their respective missionary dis-pensations with perhaps the exception of T.C.Hodson who was an acclaimed academician.The attempts have been largely anthropologi-cal, social and also historical, but almost noneof them were known scholars of such disci-plines, not even trained in the field. The colo-nial texts on the natives were not naive aca-demic exercises either. This was part of spe-cific colonial agenda – to govern, ‘civilize’ and,of course, to subjugate.

The history written about the indig-enous tribes by the colonisers reflect a typicalpattern that of distinguishing them from all pos-sible traces of their pan Indian linkages. Moretellingly almost all such accounts invariablyexpress an anxiety whenever the respectivecommunities seen to have intimate cultural andspiritual ties with that of Hinduism. The colo-

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nial discourse has been confused to distinguishbetween formal Hinduism and the pagan ritesand pantheon of the indigenous people lead-ing to their blanket categorisation all forms ofpagan spiritual practices of mainly the nonMuslim natives as ‘Hinduised’. The colonialhistorians even invented a phrase, “Hindu con-verts or “Hinduisation”. Both these terms arethe derivatives from the exercise of the Chris-tian Missionaries that had en masse conver-sion of the natives to Christianity as one of itsfundamental preoccupations. Therefore evenapparently erudite and specialised works likeHodgson’s Koch Bodo and Dhimal Tribesmentions the Hindu spiritual traits of the Kochesas an effect of their conversion to Hinduismfrom the reign of Vishwa Singha. In fact, theuse of the very term ‘conversion’ in the con-text of the North East tribes is a clear indica-tion of the horrible lack of the proper under-standing of the evolution of the Hindu spiritualorder as a non invasive and accommodativespiritual discourse that has the inbuilt capacityto assign legitimacy to the diverse religiousenunciations of indigenous faiths unlike theorganised Abrahamic religions like Christian-ity and Islam which are primarily predicatedupon the aggressive dismantling and discred-iting of the faiths and spiritual worldview ofthe indigenous natives. Hinduism has sustainedand expanded itself with the native rites ratherthan replacing it with its own. This incapacityof Christianity (as well as Islam earlier) hadmade it an urgent task for the missionaries todenigrate the native faiths and their spiritualrites that got well entrenched into so calledHindu narrative. This evolution of the nativefaiths was designated as something evil, selfdefacing and disparaging. Quite significantly,

this has been one of the absurd fundamentalsof the colonial historiography.

Amanatulla Ahmed was one of thevery few native historians of the first quarterof the twentieth century colonial India. The taskof writing history for a native historian undercolonial regime was not easy. But being a partof the ancient Kamrupa, Amanatulla has beena part of the great Kamrupi legacy of histori-ography. Among the rulers of the medieval In-dia the Koches and the Ahoms were the onlynative dynasties that had promoted the writingof history under the full royal patronage. TheVanshavalis of the Koches and the Buranjis ofthe Ahoms are two of the most significant na-tive historiographic traditions of medieval In-dia. The great Koch regime in Kamatapur isknown for the keeping of the royal records inthe form of Vanshavalis. In fact, the KochKings of Coochbehar had a long legacy ofcommissioning the recording of history of theKoch kingdom that had produced several sig-nificant historical accounts. Among theVanshavalis the eminent are the ShivaVanshavali by Dwija Birupaksha. This bookis an important work which had institutionalisedthe myth of origin of the Koch dynasty linkingthe legacy of Bishwa Simha with that of LordShiva. Rajakhanda and Visvasimhacharitamwere two other important historical treatise ofCooch Behar. One of the major histories ofCooch Behar written later was Rajapakhyanby Jayanth Ghose. Ananda Gopal Ghose men-tions Darangraj Vanshavali by SuryakariDaivajna as one of the most significant histori-cal documents of the Koch history in both east-ern and western part of Kamatapur that hadchronicled the history of the Koches from thebeginning to the later conquests.

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Nevertheless, with the advent of colo-nialism as the native kings became mostly sub-servient to the colonial rulers, the history ofthe land did not remain as glorifying to encour-age the recording of that history under royalpatronage. This led to the steady decline ofindigenous history by native historians; besidesthe mode of writing history changed consider-ably under the colonial tutelage. Therefore thisenterprise was taken over by the colonial writ-ers instead, often with the objective to subvertthe past and the present realities of the nativesfrom within. This is significant that thereigning King of Koch Behar commissionedone of the most learned men of his land to writethe history of his kingdom, and arguablyAmanatullah Ahmed had emerged through hisCooch Beharer Itihas (1936) as one of thefirst native historians of Kamatapur to havemastered the art of modern historiography ofthe West to write the history of an indigenouskingdom. While writing the history of KochBehar he had carried out an extensive researchand drew up a broad canvas to construct acomprehensive narrative of the Kamatapurhistory beginning from the time of Kamrupa toKamatapur to the present Koch Behar. He hadextensively travelled, collected materials, con-sulted documents, visited sites, explored thelibraries, met the members of Koch royal fami-lies including the royal households in Bijni,Darang as well as Panga in Rangpur and soon. He had also covered a vast geographicalterritory that included the whole of North Eastincluding Koch Behar, Rongpur, Bihar, Bhutan,Nepal and also the major metropolises of thetime like Calcutta and Delhi in order to obtainmaterials. He was involved with his scholarlypursuits as a historian with extraordinary dedi-

cation and rigour. It is difficult to believe that anative historian could engage himself withrigour in those days to consult the libraries likethe Cooch Behar State Library, the British In-dia Libraries in Calcutta, New Delhi, Shimla,Jaipur and Peshwar, British Museum in Lon-don, Royal Library of Nepal, Khuda Bux Li-brary in Patna and many other. HisCoochbeharer Itihas was later translated intoEnglish by Sarat Chandra Ghosal and waspublished in 1945 under the patronage ofMaharaja Jagadwipendra Narayan.

In the 1930s Rs. 3500/-was a sub-stantial sum which the King of Koch Behar,Maharaja Raj Rajendra Narayan BhupBahadur, offered for the completion and pub-lication of the book. Though Amanatulla Ahmedwas not a career historian but was a passion-ate social and cultural activist, his keen involve-ment with the culture, language, people, soci-ety and history enriched his vision and im-mensely expanded his discursive range. Thisis one of the reasons that his magnum opus,Cooch Beharer Itihas is not only a political his-tory of the land but also a social history of thepeople.

For a historian of his generation in In-dia, he had his predicaments – the limitationsand restrictions. For good deal of basicsources he had to rely on the colonial accountswhich were only relatively easily available re-sources which essentially narrated the colo-nial version of the native history. The task athand for him was to decolonise history. Thiswas a crucial challenge. Amanatulla’s historyof Koch Behar was also an attempt to tran-scend the geography that was demarcatedthrough political contingencies of the time. Infact, after a period of amnesiac spell, he had

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resurrected the memory of Kamrup Kamatain the consciousness of the masses through hisbook. When the colonial historiography af-fected a perceptive distance of the North Eastnatives from the rest of India, Amanatulla re-invented the history of this place and peopleagainst a pan Indian ethos. The exoticisationof the North East has been a systematic en-terprise effectively undertaken by the colonialobservers who had projected the land as semicivilised, remote, hazardous, and primitivewhere any sign of civility was the result of dis-crediting aberrant apostasy. It is sad that ascholar of his standing and brilliance allegedlyadvocated the merger of Coochbehar with thatof Pakistan instead of India, knowing it verywell that such a possibility would have spelledunspeakable devastations and doom to the his-tory and people of Coochbehar. It is extremelyunfortunate that he was expelled fromCoochbehar in 1950 for his alleged pro Paki-stan stance, who had died in Rangpur in 1957.There should be more research on this epi-sode of his life to unravel the actual truth ofthis whole episode.

However, Amanatulla has not onlybeen a historian but was also an intellectualactivist of the time. His cerebral conviction,intellectual honesty, extraordinary urge fordeeper historical queries made him one of themost active intellectuals to set up some of themost significant institutions and organisationsin Assam and Koch Behar. Uttar BangaSahitya Sanmelan and Coochbehar HitasadhiniSabha were two of the major institutions ofwhich he had been one of the founders. Hewas also one of the key architects of theKamrup Anusandhan Samiti which turned tobe the most notable organisations to have be-

gun the exploration of the linguistic, cultural andthe historical past of the ancient territory ofPragjyotishpura – Kamrupa. He had foundedthe Uttar Banga Sahitya Sanmelan in the year1907 at Rangpur (now in Bangladesh) underthe generous patronage of Maharaja RajRajendra Bhup Bahadur of Coochbehar. Sig-nificantly in the annual convention of theSanmelan held in 1912 at Kamakhya,Amanatulla Ahmed had moved the resolutionto form Kamrup Anusandhan Samiti whichwas unanimously accepted. Soon he had con-vinced the Maharaja of Coochbehar about theneed of a similar organisation in the state ofCoochbehar. Following his endeavours theCoochbehar Sahitya Sabha was born in theyear 1915. His deep scholarship was not lim-ited to the study of history and archaeologyalone. His predilection for literature was equallyimpressive. He had annotated the ancientAssamese text, Damodar Charitamrita byGovinda Deva Goswami. (see Ananda GopalGhosh)

The royal title, Khan Choudhury, wasbestowed on him by Maharaja Raj RajendraBhup Bahadur. Khan Choudhury, a polyglotwith equal competence in many languages in-cluding Bengali, Assamese, Sanskrit, Parsi,Urdu, English etc., was a man of secular intel-lectual credibility. He was particularly inter-ested in the history and archaeology ofKamrup- Kamata. He had also presented eru-dite papers in several scholarly gatherings invarious parts of undivided India. It should benoted that Amantulla Ahmed was one of thevery few scholars from this part of the countryto have made a national level presence as ahistorian in major academic forums. His pre-sentations of scholarly papers on the arms and

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ammunition of Kamatapur and on the archae-ology of Kamrup Kamata in the IndianRecords Commission held in 1945 in Peshawar(now in Pakistan) are reflective of his passion-ate involvement with the history and cultureof this region. Khan Choudhury AmanatullaAhmed has become more relevant in the cur-rent context of contested historical claims madefrom numerous quarters for political gains.

IIKoch Beharer Itihas is a very impor-

tant document as a comprehensive answer tothe dubious and absurd claims, especially byan ill informed section of the Bodos, that theKoch kingdom was actually founded and ruledby some Bodo ancestors and not by the his-torically established Koches. They even wentto the extent of inventing some fancy namesdistorting the actual names of the historical fig-ures. One of the latest additions to such funnyhistoriography is A Conscise History of theBodos by one Bakul Chandra Basumatry,which has most unabashedly made some ofthe most hilarious unfounded claims turninghistory into an anthology of amusing fantasies.It should be noted that the very term Bodo isa suspicious terminology for it was primarilyan invention by a few colonial writers who hadwritten on the past of the people of Assammostly on the basis of conjectures and plau-sible imaginations inventing curious stories. Onesuch colonial author, B.H. Hodgson, used forthe first time the term ‘Bodo’ as a philologicalnomenclature to denote a group of TibetoBurman languages in 1847. That is, the term isessentially a late 19th century colonial inven-tion. Later the term was used by the colonialrulers even to refer to the great Kacharis. Butsubsequently only a particular group retained

the term as their community name which evi-dently suggests that prior to the colonial nam-ing, the group might not even have a propername for themselves. The term Mech is a ge-neric term with ample evidence in ancient texts,including the Sanskritic and Brahminical ones,that the ethnic communities that did not followformal Hinduism were considered as theMeches. The modern equivalent of the term isdefinitely ‘Tribes’. The term Mech includedmany ethnic categories like the Garos, theRabhas, the Koches, the Dhimals and so on.Later the colonial historians liberally used theterm interchangeably to refer to the communi-ties randomly betraying the deep seated con-fusion of the colonial writers.

It may be noted that Hodgson’s bookKoch, Bodo, Dhimal Tribes (1847), despitelimitations of the antiquarian propositions, manyof which were mostly based on assumptive sur-mises, made some very perceptive and authen-tic empirical observations. Through his inten-sive field studies he had discovered that as lateas in the mid nineteenth century the Bodoswere primarily nomadic with almost no con-nection with one spot. He even quite signifi-cantly points out that being nomadic, in theirlanguage there was no term for ‘village” letalone a kingdom. He writes, “The conditionor status of the Bodos and Dhimal people isthat of erratic cultivators of the wild....thoughcultivators, all and exclusively, they are no-madic cultivators, so little connected with anyone spot that neither the Bodo nor the Dhimallanguage possesses a name for ‘village’!”(1847, 154 italics mine).

From this highly informed observationit can be clearly concluded that till the midnineteenth century the Bodos were essentially

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nomadic without any idea of settled village.Hence it becomes quite amusing when theyclaim a historically established Kingdom of theKoches as their own when they were still no-madic, practising primitive method of agricul-ture from one place to another without the so-cial capability for settled habitation. More im-portantly, one can always find reason to inter-rogate the antiquarian claim of the communitynamed as Bodos by the British colonisers forno such word ever existed in the great body ofliteratures of Pragjyotishpur, Kamrupa andKamatapur that from proliferated from the 10thcentury till the early 19th century. It is significantthat Hodgson in the same book mentions thatmost of Koch Rajahs, following the maxims of

Bishwa Singha, drove the Bodos into the for-ests from their kingdoms. (1847, 153) This in-dicates that the community which was termedas the Bodos by the colonisers were actually asubjugated minor subjects of the Koch rulersacross Assam and Koch Behar.

Khan Choudhury AmanatullahAhmed’s historical work on Koch Behar is notan immensely important historical documentpertaining to Koch Behar alone, rather it re-mains an abiding source of history for the KochRajbanshi people of Assam and Koch Behar,vis a vis the erstwhile Kamatapur in general asa formidable monument against absurd coun-terclaims based on hilarious ill information anddubious intentions.

Works CitedAhmed, Khan Choudhry Amanatulla. Coochbeharer Itihas. Coochbehar: Coohbehar State

Press, 1936.Ghosh, Ananda Gopal. “Amanatualla Ahmed (1873-1957)” in Historians and Historiography

of Northeast India. (publications n.a)Hodgson, B.H. Essay the First on the Koch, Bodo and Dhima Tribes in Three Parts. Calcutta:

Tomas Baptist Mission Press, 1847.Koch, Sibendra Narayan. Koch Janagosthir Atit Sandhanat Eti Khoj. Tura: Meghalaya Koch

Sanmilan, 2012.Sarma, Chandranath. The Work of KAS. Guwahati: Kamrup Anusandhan Samiti, 1920.Jyotirmoy Prodhani is a Professor of English at North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong.

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Koch or Koch Rajbongshi : Tribal by Birth

Dr.Surjit Singha

Koches around the world areknown by various names and styles whichare synonyms to each other and meansthe same tribe. Koch tribe might have gotdivided because of the geographicalboundaries but they are united as one ofthe international tribe because of theirrich history and culture. They are knownas Koch Rajbongshi in present state ofAssam, Rajbongshi in the state of WestBengal, Koch in parts of Meghalaya andRajbanshi in Nepal .

Koch Rajbongshi tribe (Koch) isan inhabitant of various Nations which in-cludes India (Assam, West Bengal, Bihar,and Meghalaya), Nepal, Bangladesh, andBhutan. The Rajbanshi (Koch) of Nepalare officially designated as ‘Adivasi’ .Koch (Koch Rajbongshi) is consideredas one of the international tribe becauseof its presence in various Nations ofSouth Asia.

The primary livelihood of theTribe is agriculture and farming, they livesvery close to the nature because of thefact that primitively they were ‘Animist’

and same significance is still prevailingamong the tribe. Koch are the Ab-Originand son of the soil and they are Tribal bybirth, Koch Rajbongshis’ of Assam con-sider themselves as Tribal and inclusionin Schedule Tribe (ST) Plains of Koch(Koch Rajbongshi) of Assam is one ofthe basic rights which they deserve, Koch(Koch Rajbongshi) had been raising theirbirth right demand to be included underST since 1967 and no permanent solu-tion have been settled yet so far.

‘Justice delayed is Justice Denied’: The Koch Rajbongshi Tribe of Assamwas enlisted as ST(P) vide OrdinanceNo.9, 1996 dated 27 January, was re-pro-mulgated vide Ordinance No.19, 1996and Ordinance No.30, 1996 and Ordi-nance No.3 of 1997. In spite of continu-ous re-promulgation of the said ordi-nance for the fourth time, it was not en-acted in time and leading to its lapses. Itis a great injustice which has been doneto the Koch Rajbongshi Tribe of Assamby denying the fundamental rights underthe Constitution of India as the issue un-

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der reference is still hanging.The Parliamentary Select Com-

mittee had submitted its report in themonth of April, 1997 recommending forthe inclusion of Koch Rajbongshi Tribeas ST(P). The Previous Government ofAssam had also submitted their opinionon the report , the Parliamentary SelectCommittee recommending for the inclu-sion of Koch Rajbongshi Tribe as ST(P)vide their letter No.TAD/ST/98/92/PT.V/266 Dated 15 November, 1997 .

A Bill need to be introduced by themember/s of the parliament for the BirthRights of Schedule Tribe (ST) to begranted to the Koch (Koch Rajbongshi)Tribe of Assam, Every human have therights to call themselves what they areand practice their believe system whetherbe it cultural or religious belief system.Koch (Koch Rajbongshi) Tribe is Tribalby birth and they proudly call themselvesas Tribal, but still they have not got thepermanent official designation of ST.

The approach of Narendra Modito turn Assam into a tribal state is ap-preciated by the community . A Com-mittee was setup by Ministry of Home

Affairs to recommend the modalitiesfor granting of Scheduled Tribe statusto six communities namely, KochRajbongshi, Moran, Matak, Tai Ahom,Chutia and Adivasi (Tea Tribes) ofAssam on 29 February 2016 .

Koch (Koch Rajbongshi) Tribeof Assam believe that they do not re-quire to be included under any modali-ties because already Koch (KochRajbongshi) Tribe of Assam had beenconferred as ST(P) under special ordi-nance earlier and same bill need to bepassed in the parliament by the mem-ber of the parliament with the updateddate.

There is a saying ‘You can takeout the Koch Rajbongshi from the vil-lage, but you cannot take out the vil-lage from the Koch Rajbongshi’. KochRajbongshis’ are Tribal by birth, in theirconscience they are Tribal, culturallythey are Tribal and in every breath theytake they feel being Tribal, whetherthey are being given justification of STstatus or not is secondary, but no onecan take their birth right to call them-selves as Koch Rajbongshi Tribal.

Article By:Surjit SinghaM.Com, NET, MBA, M.Phil, (Ph.D)Asst. Professor. Dept. of CommerceKristu Jayanti College (Autonomous) Bengaluru, IndiaE-Mail ID: [email protected]: www.surjitsingha.ahgnis.in

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ECHOING BACK TO THE PASTHISTORY OF KAMATAPUR

( A Music video on the relics of the Koch Dynasty )

Indrajit Narayan Dev.Beltola Koch Rajfamily

To restore & recollect thegolden era of the heritage of the KochDynasty of Assam, North Bengal,Nepal, Bhutan & Bangladesh and itspeople, the Koch Rajbongshi commu-nity, a music video has been produced& directed by Indrajit Narayan Dev. Todisseminate information of historicalfacts & findings of his ancestors, this16th generation royal affiliate, IndrajitNarayan Dev has embedded a widespectrum of visionary evidences ofKoch history of Assam through hismedium of cinema & especially sensedthe degrading conditions of the presentKoch Rajbongshi community of today.Moreover, through traditionallyblended musical enhancement, the mu-sic track with intense research on thecustomary Koch Rajbongshi folk mu-sic & culture had been composed &sung by music maestro Joi Barua. Withrevolutionary thoughtful words, the lyr-

ics is penned by Ibson Lal Barua, hasengraved the thematic stanzas & versesinto a patriotic song. The final soundtrack will be designed & edited byAbani Tanti of Mumbai. This musicvideo preludes the present dilapidated& neglected historical truth of thefootprints left behind by the great KochKings, Naranarayan & Chilarai & theirloyal subjects, the Koch Rajbongshicommunity. The safe haven & refugeoffered by the Koch kings Naranarayan& Chilarai to the Vaishnava saint Sri SriSankaradeva has been deeply articu-lated in this music video where thetransformation of Assamese language,religion, art & culture is enthralled.The 1st Production Unit I of this mu-sic video was lead by research analystsArupjyoti Das of Centre For KochRajbongshi Studies & Developement(CKRSD) & Budheswar Roy, Aerialfilm engineering (AFE) by Hemraj

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Bora, Director of Photography (DOP)by Amiya Ranjan Das & production ex-ecuted by Durbasha Roy of KochRajbongshi Cultural Society. Simulta-neously, the 2nd Production Unit II ofthis music video was teamed by re-search analyst Koch David Roy ofKoch Rajbongshi Cultural Society, 1stAD ( 1st Assistant Director)) by DhrubaNanda Roy, Aerial film engineering(AFE) by Nilutpol Dulakakharia of Nor-way, cinematography by Raj Ahmed &production executed by Dippunja Roy.The first shooting schedule has been ex-tensively shot in different parts ofAssam covering districts of Kokrajhar,

Dhubri, Goalpara, Bongaigaon,Gouripur & Majuli. The second sched-ule will commence soon & spread overentire north Bengal including KochBehar, Madhupur, Jalpaiguri, Dinhattabordering Bangladesh, banks of KochiRiver in Nepal & Chikanjhar forests bor-dering Bhutan. As a curtain raiser, pro-ducer directed Indrajit Narayan Dev &the entire team of this music video pro-duction is not surrendering a sorrowfulmemorandum to the intellects or theviewers but a strong slogan for them toremember & react to the echoing backof the past history of Assam, that was ‘Kamatapur ‘.

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Finance Sub-Committee

Mr. Buddheswar RoyAdviser

Mr. Pranab Narayan DevAdviser

Mr. Khanindra Ch. RoyAdviser

Mr. Dippunja RoyAdviser

Mr. Nabakrishna RoyAdviser

Mr. Ramesh RoyPresident

Mr. Durbasha RoySecretary

MembersMr. David Roy

Mr. Pramod Deka

Mr. Chandan Barman

Souvenir Sub-Committee

Folk Artist Felicitation Sub-Committee

PresidentMr. Indrajit Narayan Dev

PresidentMr. Nilimoy Prodhani

thThe Celebration of Bishuwa Festival at Rabindra Bhawan, Guwahati on the 30 April, 2017

Mr. Naba Kumar DuttaMember

Mr. Promod DekaMember

Mr. Tarun Azad DekaMember

Mr. Chandan BarmanMember

Mr. Mithun BarmanMember

Mr. Ratul RoyMember

Mr. Dhananjoy Braman

Editor

Mr. David Roy

Editor

Mr. Anil Kumar Barman

Editor

Ms. Jonali Devi Barman

Editor

Ms. Karabi Singha

Editor

Mr. K. M. RoyMember

Mr. Madhab RoyAstt. Secretary

Mr. D. Deka (Panna)Member

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