bgas painting inspection - gulfjobs4indians.in

Copyright © 2003, TWI Ltd World Centre for Materials Joining TechnologyWorld Centre for Materials Joining Technology

B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION

LEVEL 2/3

WELCOME

COURSE TUTOR

TREVOR MYERS



LEVEL 2/3COURSE TIMES

BREAK TIMES

SMOKING

HOMEWORK

QUERIES

PRACTICAL



A CASCADE SYSTEMA CASCADE SYSTEM

THREE LEVELSTHREE LEVELS

LEVEL ONE, OFFSHORE GRADELEVEL ONE, OFFSHORE GRADE

LEVEL TWO, LEVEL TWO, ‘‘OLDOLD’’ SENIOR GRADESENIOR GRADE

LEVEL THREE, PAINTING INSPECTOR LEVEL THREE, PAINTING INSPECTOR

MUST HAVE MUST HAVE ‘‘33’’ TO OBTAIN LEVEL 2TO OBTAIN LEVEL 2

MUST HAVE 2 TO OBTAIN LEVEL 1MUST HAVE 2 TO OBTAIN LEVEL 1

LEVEL 3 AND LEVEL 2 PAPERS TAKEN TOGETHERLEVEL 3 AND LEVEL 2 PAPERS TAKEN TOGETHER



LEVEL 2/3EXAMINATION DETAILS

1st PAPER, LEVEL 3, NARRATIVE QUESTIONS.

2nd PAPER, LEVEL 2, NARRATIVE QUESTIONS.

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, USE OF GAUGES ETC.

ORAL EXAMINATION, REVIEW OF QUESTION PAPERS,IDENTIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT ETC.

CLOSED BOOK EXAM



LEVEL 2/3 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

ABRASIVES, IDENTIFICATION AND USES.RUST GRADE IDENTIFICATIONBLASTING GRADE IDENTIFICATION

HAND AND POWER TOOL GRADE IDENTIFICATION

PROFILE MEASUREMENT, TESTEX AND NEEDLE GAUGE

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS

IDENTIFICATION OF RANDOM EQUIPMENTUSE OF WHIRLING HYGROMETER AND SCALESUSE OF WHIRLING HYGROMETER AND SCALES

PAINT FAULT IDENTIFICATIONPAINT FAULT IDENTIFICATION


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTION

ELECTROELECTRO--CHEMICALLYCHEMICALLY

IMPLIES 2 MECHANISMSIMPLIES 2 MECHANISMS

1. AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, ALWAYS DC,1. AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, ALWAYS DC,

2. A CHEMICAL REACTION, PRODUCING THE RUST2. A CHEMICAL REACTION, PRODUCING THE RUST



ELECTRICAL CIRCUITELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

A CURRENT FLOWS FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVEA CURRENT FLOWS FROM POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE

FROM ANODE TO CATHODE , + TO FROM ANODE TO CATHODE , + TO --

THE CURRENT IS CAUSED BY ELECTRONS TRAVELLING IN THE CURRENT IS CAUSED BY ELECTRONS TRAVELLING IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTIONTHE OPPOSITE DIRECTION

IE, FROM CATHODE TO ANODE, IE, FROM CATHODE TO ANODE, -- TO +TO +

THE CORROSION CURRENT IS THE IONS RETURNING THE CORROSION CURRENT IS THE IONS RETURNING TO THE ANODE IN THE CIRCUITTO THE ANODE IN THE CIRCUIT


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION.B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION.

CORROSION THEORY

3 FACTORS NEEDED FOR CORROSION TO OCCUR

1. ANODE, a positively charged area.

2. CATHODE, a negatively charged area.

3. ELECTROLYTE, a substance which will conduct a

current and be broken down by it.IE. WILL DISSOCIATE INTO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

IONS


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONCORROSION THEORYCORROSION THEORY


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION.B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION.CORROSION THEORY

THE CORROSION TRIANGLE

ELECTROLYTE

ANODE CATHODE

Shows electron circuit



CORROSION THEORY

ANODES CORRODE. THE COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS ( OXIDATION) TAKES PLACE AT THE

ANODE.

CATHODES ARE PROTECTED, HYDROGEN IS EVOLVED AT THE CATHODE AS THE ELECTROLYTE DISSOCIATES

INTO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IONS


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONFACTORS ACCELERATING CORROSIONFACTORS ACCELERATING CORROSION

1. TEMPERATURE, THERMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE1. TEMPERATURE, THERMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE

AS THE STEEL HEATS UP, IT GAINS MOLECULAR AS THE STEEL HEATS UP, IT GAINS MOLECULAR FREEDOM, BECOMES MORE ACTIVE, AND UNDERGOES FREEDOM, BECOMES MORE ACTIVE, AND UNDERGOES

CORROSION MORE READILYCORROSION MORE READILY



2.HYGROSCOPIC (OSMOTIC) BLISTERS2.HYGROSCOPIC (OSMOTIC) BLISTERS

TINY, PIN HEAD SIZE, TINY, PIN HEAD SIZE, WATER FILLED WATER FILLED BLISTERS. CAUSED BLISTERS. CAUSED BY HYGROSCOPIC BY HYGROSCOPIC SALTSSALTS



FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSIONFACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION

3. AEROBIC CONDITIONS, PRESENCE OF OXYGEN3. AEROBIC CONDITIONS, PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

INTRODUCE OXYGEN, DOUBLE THE IONSINTRODUCE OXYGEN, DOUBLE THE IONS

2H2H22O+OO+O22+ 4e = 4OH+ 4e = 4OH--

TWICE THE NUMBER OF HYDROXYL IONS WILL TWICE THE NUMBER OF HYDROXYL IONS WILL PASSIVATE TWICE THE NUMBER OF IRON IONS PASSIVATE TWICE THE NUMBER OF IRON IONS

AT THE ANODEAT THE ANODE




4. PRESENCE OF SOME BACTERIA ON THE SURFACE4. PRESENCE OF SOME BACTERIA ON THE SURFACE

S.R.BS.R.B’’s SULPHUR REDUCING BACTERIAs SULPHUR REDUCING BACTERIA

M.E.MM.E.M’’s METAL EATING MICROBESs METAL EATING MICROBES

USUALLY SMALL HOLES WHICH FOLLOW THE DIRECTION USUALLY SMALL HOLES WHICH FOLLOW THE DIRECTION OF GRAVITY, NOT UNLIKE POROSITY IN WELDSOF GRAVITY, NOT UNLIKE POROSITY IN WELDS




5. ACIDS AND ALKALIES5. ACIDS AND ALKALIES

ACIDS AND ALKALIES ARE BOTH ELECTROLYTICACIDS AND ALKALIES ARE BOTH ELECTROLYTIC

THEY BOTH DISSOCIATE INTO IONSTHEY BOTH DISSOCIATE INTO IONS

FOR EXAMPLEFOR EXAMPLE

HCl, HYDROCHLORIC ACID H+ and ClHCl, HYDROCHLORIC ACID H+ and Cl--

NaOHNaOH, SODIUM HYDROXIDE Na+ and OH, SODIUM HYDROXIDE Na+ and OH--


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTION6. BI-METALLIC CORROSION

WHEN 2 DIFFERENT METALS ARE IN DIRECT CONTACT

OR, JOINED BY A CONDUCTIVE WIRE IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE AN ELECTROLYTE IS PRESENT,

ONE OF THE METALS WILL CORRODE.

THIS IS DEPENDANT ON THE POSITION IN THE GALVANIC LIST

THE POSITION IN THE LIST DETERMINES WHICH METAL BECOMES THE ANODE, THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM

DETERMINES THE POTENTIAL



BIBI--METALLIC CORROSIONMETALLIC CORROSION

WHEN THE POTENTIALS OF THE METALS ARE KNOWN, WHEN THE POTENTIALS OF THE METALS ARE KNOWN, THE LIST CAN ALSO BE KNOWN AS .THE LIST CAN ALSO BE KNOWN AS .

1. THE ELECTRO1. THE ELECTRO--MOTIVE FORCE SERIESMOTIVE FORCE SERIES

2. THE ELECTRO2. THE ELECTRO--CHEMICAL SERIESCHEMICAL SERIES

BOTH THE POSITION IN THE LIST AND THE FREE BOTH THE POSITION IN THE LIST AND THE FREE POTENTIAL CAN ALTER WITH A DIFFERENT ELECTROLYTE POTENTIAL CAN ALTER WITH A DIFFERENT ELECTROLYTE

AND TEMPERATUREAND TEMPERATURE



BI-METALLIC CORROSION

ZINC ANODE

MILD STEEL CATHODE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSURFACE PREPARATION

WHY ?TO REMOVE CONTAMINANTS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A

SURFACE TO WHICH THE PAINT WILL READILY ADHERE

TO PROVIDE A LONGER SERVICE LIFE FROM THE COATING



2 FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION

DEGREE OF CLEANLINESS

DEGREE OF ROUGHNESS

OR SURFACE PROFILE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSURFACE PREPARATION METHODS

• DRY ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING

• WET BLASTING

• HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING

• FLAME CLEANING

• PICKLING (CHEMICAL CLEANING)

• VAPOUR DEGREASING

• WEATHERING



SURFACE PREPARATION BY DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING

ABRASIVES

PROFILE AND ADHESION

PROFILE MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT

RUST GRADES AND DEGREE OF CLEANLINESS

EQUIPMENT



SURFACE PREPARATION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING ABRASIVES

COPPER SLAG.

EXPENDABLE. USE

ONCE ONLY, IT

SHATTERS ON

IMPACT. IT IS

NON METALLIC



DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING, ABRASIVES

CONTAMINATED

COPPER SLAG. MUST NOT BE RE-USED.



SURFACE PREPARATION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING, ABRASIVES

GARNET. MINERAL,

CAN BE EXPENDABLE

OR CAN BE RE-CYCLED , AS DESIRED. MUST BE CLEANSED BEFORE

RE-USE



DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING ABRASIVES

METALLIC GRIT.

MUST BE RECYCLED

FOR ECONOMIC REASONS. NOT USED FOR SITE WORK MUST BE CLEANSED BEFORE RE-USE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRY ABRASIVE BLASTING ABRASIVES

METALLIC SHOT

USED IN ENCLOSED SYSTEMS, NEEDS TO BE CLEANSED BEFORE RE-USE. GRADUALLY WEARS DOWN CYCLE BY CYCLE.



METALLIC GRIT AND SHOT MIXED. RATIO DEPENDS ON SPEC. AS DOES THE PARTICLE SIZES. USED IN ENCLOSED SYSTEMS. GRIT CUTS THE PROFILE, SHOT CONTROLS THE PEAKS



WALNUT SHELL.

AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCT, NOT USED ON STEEL.

AS WITH OTHER ABRASIVES, IT IS AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZES



PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SIEVES TO BS 410



SIZING OF ABRASIVESSIZING OF ABRASIVES

G=GRIT, IRREGULAR SHAPE, SHARP EDGESG=GRIT, IRREGULAR SHAPE, SHARP EDGES

S=SHOT,SPHERICAL, WORK HARDENSS=SHOT,SPHERICAL, WORK HARDENS

VARIOUS SYSTEMS RELATING TO SIZEVARIOUS SYSTEMS RELATING TO SIZE

THE B.S 2451, NOW DEFUNCT, FOR METALLICS.THE B.S 2451, NOW DEFUNCT, FOR METALLICS.

THE S.A.E, USING THE J 444 SIEVE SYSTEM.THE S.A.E, USING THE J 444 SIEVE SYSTEM.

THE BS 7079 Pt E, PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONTHE BS 7079 Pt E, PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION



ADHESIONADHESION

1. MOLECULAR INTERFERANCE, PHYSICAL METHOD1. MOLECULAR INTERFERANCE, PHYSICAL METHOD

2. MOLECULAR ATTRACTION, CHEMICAL METHOD2. MOLECULAR ATTRACTION, CHEMICAL METHOD



PROFILE MEASUREMENT SURFACE PROFILE NEEDLE GAUGE

SET THE GAUGE AT ZERO BY SET THE GAUGE AT ZERO BY APPLYING PRESSURE ON APPLYING PRESSURE ON THE FOOT ON A FLAT THE FOOT ON A FLAT SMOOTH GLASS PLATESMOOTH GLASS PLATE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSURFACE PROFILE MEASUREMENT, DIAL MICROMETER

AND SURFACE REPLICA TAPE



SURFACE PROFILE ASSESSMENT

SURFACE COMPARATOR TO BS 7079 Pt C, ISO 8503

SHOT BLAST COMPARATOR. NOT TO BE USED FOR SURFACE CLEANLINESS. ONLY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SHOT BLASTED SUBSTRATES. GRIT BLAST COMPARATOR CAN ALSO BE USED ON SUBSTRATES BLASTED WITH GRIT/SHOT MIX


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONRUST GRADES


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONRUST GRADES


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONBLASTING GRADES A Sa 2.5 and Sa 3


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONBLASTING GRADES B Sa 1 and Sa 2


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONBLASTING GRADES B Sa 2.5 and Sa 3



BLASTING GRADES, COMPARISONS



BLASTING GRADES C Sa 1 and Sa 2



BLASTING GRADES C Sa 2.5 and Sa 3


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONBLASTING GRADES D Sa 1 and Sa 2


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONBLASTING GRADES D Sa 2.5 and Sa 3



EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

WHEELABRATERS or CENTRIFUGAL BLAST UNITSWHEELABRATERS or CENTRIFUGAL BLAST UNITS

TOTALLY ENCLOSEDTOTALLY ENCLOSED

AUTOMATIC CHAIN DRIVEN ROLLER FEEDAUTOMATIC CHAIN DRIVEN ROLLER FEED

VARYING NUMBER OF OPERATING WHEELSVARYING NUMBER OF OPERATING WHEELS

GRAVITY FED ABRASIVEGRAVITY FED ABRASIVE

AIRWASH CLEANSING SYSTEM FOR ABRASIVESAIRWASH CLEANSING SYSTEM FOR ABRASIVES

PREFERRED ABRASIVE, SHOTPREFERRED ABRASIVE, SHOT



EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTINGDRY ABRASIVE BLASTING

COMPRESSORS, pressure rating in psi. capacity in cfmCOMPRESSORS, pressure rating in psi. capacity in cfm

BACK PRESSURE AT NOZZLE, hypodermic needle gaugeBACK PRESSURE AT NOZZLE, hypodermic needle gauge

PRESSURISED BLAST POTS, suitable capacityPRESSURISED BLAST POTS, suitable capacity

VAPOUR TRAPS, knock out pots for removal of oil and water VAPOUR TRAPS, knock out pots for removal of oil and water from air streamfrom air stream

CARBON IMPREGNATED HOSES, reduce static shockCARBON IMPREGNATED HOSES, reduce static shock

NOZZLES, venturi and straight bore NOZZLES, venturi and straight bore

SAFETY TO IGE SR 21SAFETY TO IGE SR 21


B.G.A.S. PAINT INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINT INSPECTION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING

MEASURING PRESSURE AT THE NOZZLE

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

GAUGE

INSERT THE NEEDLE THROUGH THE HOSE WITH THE NEEDLE TOWARDS THE NOZZLE, AT AN ANGLE OF APP.

45 DEGREES



EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

WET BLASTINGWET BLASTING

HIGH PRESSURE PURE WATER BLASTING, >30,000psiHIGH PRESSURE PURE WATER BLASTING, >30,000psi

HIGH PRESSURE WATER PLUS ABRASIVE INJECTIONHIGH PRESSURE WATER PLUS ABRASIVE INJECTION

LOW PRESSURE WATER PLUS ABRASIVE INJECTIONLOW PRESSURE WATER PLUS ABRASIVE INJECTION

STEAM CLEANINGSTEAM CLEANING

AIR BLASTING WITH WATER INJECTIONAIR BLASTING WITH WATER INJECTION



HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING, BS 7079 Pt A HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING, BS 7079 Pt A

HAND AND POWER WIRE BRUSHES, CHIPPING HAND AND POWER WIRE BRUSHES, CHIPPING HAMMERS, NEEDLE GUNS, EMERY CLOTH, GRINDERSHAMMERS, NEEDLE GUNS, EMERY CLOTH, GRINDERS

St 2, THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANINGSt 2, THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING

St 3, VERY THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANINGSt 3, VERY THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING

NO STANDARD FOR RUST GRADE ANO STANDARD FOR RUST GRADE A



HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING B St 2 and St 3



HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING C St 2 and St 3



HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING D St 2 and St 3



FLAME CLEANINGFLAME CLEANING

1, EXPANSION, co1, EXPANSION, co--efficient of expansionefficient of expansion

2, DEHYDRATION, water evaporated away2, DEHYDRATION, water evaporated away

3, HEAT PENETRATION, heat conducted into substrate3, HEAT PENETRATION, heat conducted into substrate


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSURFACE PREPARATION FLAME CLEANING



PICKLING IS ACID BATH FOLLOWED BY WASHINGPICKLING IS ACID BATH FOLLOWED BY WASHING

FOOTNERS DUPLEX PROCESS IS :FOOTNERS DUPLEX PROCESS IS :--

PICKLING FOLLOWED BY PASSIVATION PROCESS.PICKLING FOLLOWED BY PASSIVATION PROCESS.

PASSIVATION IS TREATMENT IN PHOSPHORIC OR PASSIVATION IS TREATMENT IN PHOSPHORIC OR CHROMIC ACID, AND IS DONE TO PASSIVATE THE CHROMIC ACID, AND IS DONE TO PASSIVATE THE

STEEL, BY FORMING A LAYER OF RUSTSTEEL, BY FORMING A LAYER OF RUST-- INHIBITIVE INHIBITIVE SALTS WHICH ALSO AID ADHESIONSALTS WHICH ALSO AID ADHESION

AND PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO CATHODIC AND PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO CATHODIC DISBONDMENTDISBONDMENT


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSURFACE PREPARATION, CHEMICAL CLEANING

pH INDICATOR PAPERS, USED TO MEASURE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY OF THE SUBSTRATE AFTER FINAL WASH. FOR B Gas THE FIGURE SHOULD BE BETWEEN 4.5 and 7



TESTS FOR SURFACE CONTAMINANTS

HYGROSCOPIC SALTS :- POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE, NOW CALLED POTASSIUM HEXACYANOFERRATE

SOLUBLE CHLORIDES :- SILVER NITRATE TEST

MILLSCALE :- COPPER SULPHATE

OIL OR GREASE :- SOLVENT OTHER THAN ALIPHATIC

MOISTURE :- TALCUM OR CHALK



QUANTITITIVE TESTS FOR HYGROSCOPIC SALTS

BRESLE SAMPLE PATCHMERKOQUANT TEST


BGAS PAINTING INSPECTIONBGAS PAINTING INSPECTIONSALTS DETECTION, BRESLE SAMPLE PATCH KITSALTS DETECTION, BRESLE SAMPLE PATCH KIT



PAINT TECHNOLOGY

3 MAIN GROUPS OF PAINT.

1. PAINTS CONTAINING SOLVENTS

2. SOLVENT FREE MULTI-PACK, MCL’s

3. POWDER PAINTS

ALL HAVE THE SAME BASIC INGREDIENTS

BINDERBINDERSOLVENTSOLVENT

PIGMENTS AND OTHER ADDITIVESPIGMENTS AND OTHER ADDITIVES


B.G.A.S. PAINT INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINT INSPECTIONBINDERSBINDERS

PROPERTIES REQUIRED

EASE OF APPLICATION

TO GIVE ADHESION TO THE SUBSTRATE

TO PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO ABRASION

TO PROVIDE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

TO PROVIDE COHESIVE STRENGTH

TO PROVIDE DIALECTRIC STRENGTH

TO RESIST THE PASSAGE OF WATER

TO CHANGE FROM A LIQUID INTO A SOLID



BINDERS USED IN BG BINDERS USED IN BG SPECIFICATIONS

BINDERS MENTIONED FOR BINDERS MENTIONED FOR OTHER REASONSSPECIFICATIONS OTHER REASONS

AcrylicsAcrylics

alkydsalkyds

epoxiesepoxies

ethyl ,methyl silicatesethyl ,methyl silicates

polyurethanespolyurethanes

silicones

Cellulose resinsCellulose resins

chlorinated rubberchlorinated rubber

emulsionsemulsions

natural oils and resinsnatural oils and resins

phenolicphenolic resinsresins

styrene and vinylsilicones styrene and vinyl


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSOLVENTSSOLVENTS

COMPATIBILITY

CORRECT SOLVENT GROUP FOR BINDER

COMPATABILITY FOR OVERCOATING

FLASHPOINT AND TOXICITY CONSIDERATIONS



SOLVENTSSOLVENTS

STRONG SOLVENTS FOR STRONG BINDERSSTRONG SOLVENTS FOR STRONG BINDERS

WEAKER SOLVENTS FOR WEAKER BINDERSWEAKER SOLVENTS FOR WEAKER BINDERS

THE STRONGER SOLVENTS HAVE A LOW NUMBER OF THE STRONGER SOLVENTS HAVE A LOW NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS IN THE CHEMICAL FORMULACARBON ATOMS IN THE CHEMICAL FORMULA

THE HIGHER THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS,THE HIGHER THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS,

THE HIGHER THE BOILING POINT OF THE SOLVENTTHE HIGHER THE BOILING POINT OF THE SOLVENT


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPOLYMERSPOLYMERS

A STRING OR STRUCTURE OF REPEATED UNITS

LINEAR POLYMER. PRE FORMED, REVERSIBLE, VERY

SENSITIVE TO SOME HC SOLVENTS

BRANCHED POLYMER. OXIDATION DRYING, NATURAL OILS AND RESINS , BECOME VERY BRITTLE.

CROSSLINKED POLYMER. CHEMICALLY CURING, VERY

STRONG, EPOXIES, URETHANES AND POLYURETHANES


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONRESINSRESINS

Natural resins are from the main plant, e.g. a tree trunk. Natural resins are from the main plant, e.g. a tree trunk. Resins are brittle by nature and dry very quickly and as Resins are brittle by nature and dry very quickly and as such, need modification. This modification is by way of such, need modification. This modification is by way of addition of oils.addition of oils.

Natural resins are Natural resins are CopalsCopals and Dammars and and Dammars and CoumaronesCoumarones, , Amber and Amber and LaqLaq. Other resins such as frankincense and . Other resins such as frankincense and myrrh are more valued for their perfume qualities.myrrh are more valued for their perfume qualities.


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONOILSOILS

DRYING OILS. Three sets of double bonds along a carbon DRYING OILS. Three sets of double bonds along a carbon backbone, react readily in ambient conditionsbackbone, react readily in ambient conditions

SEMISEMI--DRYING OILS. One or two sets of double bonds, not DRYING OILS. One or two sets of double bonds, not quite as reactive as drying oils. Need a catalyst such as quite as reactive as drying oils. Need a catalyst such as heat to start the polymerisationheat to start the polymerisation

NONENONE--DRYING OILS. Cannot be used as binders, will not DRYING OILS. Cannot be used as binders, will not polymerise, no activity points. Are used as polymerise, no activity points. Are used as plasticisersplasticisers, to , to give flexibility and ease application.give flexibility and ease application.


B.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S PAINTING INSPECTIONPIGMENTS GENERALLYPIGMENTS GENERALLY

ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, MINERAL, OR SYNTHETICANIMAL, VEGETABLE, MINERAL, OR SYNTHETIC

PARTICLE SIZE VARIES FROM PARTICLE SIZE VARIES FROM 1/1/1010th MICRON to AVERAGE th MICRON to AVERAGE

SIZE OF 1 MICRONSIZE OF 1 MICRON

PIGMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO COHESIVE STRENGTH,PIGMENTS CONTRIBUTE TO COHESIVE STRENGTH,

ABRASION RESISTANCE, DURABILITY, OPACITYABRASION RESISTANCE, DURABILITY, OPACITY

AND IN SOME INSTANCES, IMPERMEABILITY, AND AND IN SOME INSTANCES, IMPERMEABILITY, AND RESISTANCE TO U/V RAYS.RESISTANCE TO U/V RAYS.

PIGMENTS MUCH NOT DISSOLVE IN THE VEHICLEPIGMENTS MUCH NOT DISSOLVE IN THE VEHICLE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPIGMENTSPIGMENTS

ANTI-CORROSIVE :- RUST INHIBITIVE PROPERTIESMETALLIC :- WORK SACRIFICIALLYOPAQUE :- INERT, PROVIDE OPACITY AND COLOUREXTENDERS :- ADD BULK, REDUCE COST

LAMINAR :- PROVIDE IMPERMEABILITY


BGAS PAINTING INSPECTIONBGAS PAINTING INSPECTIONMIO LAMINAR PIGMENTSMIO LAMINAR PIGMENTS

ATTRIBUTES OF MIOATTRIBUTES OF MIO

RETARDS PERMEATIONRETARDS PERMEATION

UV A and B REFLECTIONUV A and B REFLECTION

DURABILITYDURABILITY

ADHESION TO NEXT LAYERADHESION TO NEXT LAYER



LAMINAR PIGMENTS EG MIOLAMINAR PIGMENTS EG MIO

MIO THEORETICALMIO THEORETICALSTANDARD PIGMENTSTANDARD PIGMENT

DELAMINATED MIODELAMINATED MIO


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONSOLVENTSSOLVENTS

SOLVENT STRENGTH, ABILITY TO DISSOLVE THE BINDER

EVAPORATION RATE, CONTROLS POLYMERISATION AND DRYING

FLASH POINT, SAFETY FACTOR OF THE SOLVENT

TOXICITY, SAFETY LEVELS OF EXPOSURE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONOTHER ADDITIVESOTHER ADDITIVES

ANTI-SETTLING AGENTS, AIDS TO SHELF LIFE

PLASTICISERS, REDUCE BRITTLENESS, AID APPLICATION AND PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY

DRIERS, ALLOW EVEN THROUGH DRYING OF OXIDISING FILMS

ANTI-SKINNING AGENTS, RETARD THE FORMATION OF SURFACE SKINS



SOLUTIONS AND DISPERSIONSSOLUTIONS AND DISPERSIONS

SOLVENT:SOLVENT:-- Will dissolve another material.

SOLUTE:SOLUTE:-- Is dissolved in the solvent

SOLUTION:SOLUTION:-- The end product from dissolving a solute in a solvent



SOLUTIONS AND DISPERSIONSSOLUTIONS AND DISPERSIONS

DISPERSION:DISPERSION:-- A SOLID OR A LIQUID DISPERSED WITHIN ANOTHER LIQUID, WHERE THERE IS NO SOLUBILITY

FINE PARTICULATE SOLIDS DISPERSED WITHIN A LIQUID, NO SOLUBILITY

A SUSPENSION:A SUSPENSION:--

AN EMULSION:AN EMULSION:-- A LIQUID DISPERSED WITHIN ANOTHER LIQUID WHERE THERE IS NO SOLUBILITY



DRYING AND CURING OF PAINT FILMSDRYING AND CURING OF PAINT FILMS

SOLVENT EVAPORATIONSOLVENT EVAPORATION

NO CHEMICAL REACTION

POLYMERS ARE PREFORMED AND SATURATED

LINEAR POLYMERS CLOSED AT THE ENDS BY HYDROGEN AND HAVE NO DOUBLE BONDS

ALSO CALLED REVERSIBLE OR NON-CONVERTIBLE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRYING AND CURING OF PAINT FILMSDRYING AND CURING OF PAINT FILMS

OXIDATIONOXIDATION

USES ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN

OXYGEN CHEMICALLY COMBINES WITH UNSATURATED DOUBLE BONDS

PROCESS CAN BE ACCELERATED BY ADDITION OF DRIERS

ALSO CALLED CONVERTIBLE OR NON-REVERSIBLE




CHEMICAL CURINGCHEMICAL CURING

MUST BE MIXED IN THE CORRECT RATIO

POT LIFE AND INDUCTION PERIOD MUST BE OBSERVED

CONVERTIBLE OR NON-REVERSIBLE

CHEMICALLY CROSS LINK




COALESCENCECOALESCENCE

WATER EVAPORATES HIGH BP SOLVENTS

PENETRATE SPHERES


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT SYSTEMSPAINT SYSTEMS

SINGLE OR MULTI - LAYER SYSTEMS

PRIMER:- ANTI CORROSIVE TO PROTECT THE STEEL

MID COAT OR BUILD COAT:- PROTECTS THE PRIMER

BUILDS THE THICKNESS, PROVIDES ADHESION FOR SUBSEQUENT LAYER

FINISH COAT:- AESTHETIC , SMOOTH SURFACE TO ALLOW CLEANING AND SHEDDING OF WATER



PRIMERSPRIMERS

RUST INHIBITIVE PIGMENTS ‘PASSIVATE THE SUBSTRATE

MORDANT OR WASH PRIMERS, ACID REACTION WITH THE SUBSTRATE PRODUCES INHIBITVE SALTS

ETCHANT PRIMERS, SIMILAR REACTION BUT LEAVE A MEASURABLE THICKNESS



MIDCOAT MIDCOAT --BUILD COATBUILD COAT

EXTENDER PARTICLES INCREASE SURFACE AREA TO EXTENDER PARTICLES INCREASE SURFACE AREA TO PROVIDE ADHESION FOR ANY SUBSEQUENT LAYERPROVIDE ADHESION FOR ANY SUBSEQUENT LAYER



PAINT SYSTEMSPAINT SYSTEMS

MOISTURE CURING :MOISTURE CURING :-- USE WATER VAPOUR FROM THE USE WATER VAPOUR FROM THE ATMOSPHERE TO CURE, NOT FREE STANDING WATERATMOSPHERE TO CURE, NOT FREE STANDING WATER

MOISTURE TOLERANT:MOISTURE TOLERANT:-- MOISTURE HAS NO MOISTURE HAS NO APPRECIABLE ILL EFFECTAPPRECIABLE ILL EFFECT

MOISTURE SENSITIVE:MOISTURE SENSITIVE:-- MOISTURE REACTS WITH THE MOISTURE REACTS WITH THE ISOCYANATES TO PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDEISOCYANATES TO PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDE



POWDER COATINGSPOWDER COATINGSTHERMOPLASTIC OR THERMOSETTINGTHERMOPLASTIC OR THERMOSETTING

MOST COMMONLY THERMOSETTING, NEEDS HEAT,MOST COMMONLY THERMOSETTING, NEEDS HEAT,

CONVERTIBLE COATINGS CHEMICALLY CUREDCONVERTIBLE COATINGS CHEMICALLY CURED

USUALY ELECTROSTATICALLY APPLIEDUSUALY ELECTROSTATICALLY APPLIED

THIN PLATE ,HEAT APPLIED AFTER POWDERTHIN PLATE ,HEAT APPLIED AFTER POWDER

THICKER PLATE, HEAT APPLIED BEFORE POWDERTHICKER PLATE, HEAT APPLIED BEFORE POWDER



SACRIFICIAL SYSTEMSSACRIFICIAL SYSTEMS

STEELSTEEL

ZINCZINC

ZINC PROTECTS THE STEEL AS A ZINC PROTECTS THE STEEL AS A BARRIER, AND CORRODES IN ITS OWN BARRIER, AND CORRODES IN ITS OWN RIGHT UNTIL BOTH METALS ARE RIGHT UNTIL BOTH METALS ARE EXPOSED TO AN ELECTRLYTE, THEN THE EXPOSED TO AN ELECTRLYTE, THEN THE OXIDES FORMED ON THE ZINC SEAL THE OXIDES FORMED ON THE ZINC SEAL THE DAMAGE

PARTICLES NEED TO BE IN CLOSE PARTICLES NEED TO BE IN CLOSE CONTACT TO ALLOW ELECTRON CONTACT TO ALLOW ELECTRON CIRCUIT,WHEN AN ELECTRLYTE ENTERS CIRCUIT,WHEN AN ELECTRLYTE ENTERS THE FILMTHE FILM

DAMAGE



WATER BOURNE COATINGSWATER BOURNE COATINGS

USE WATER INSTEAD OF HYDROCARBON SOLVENTSUSE WATER INSTEAD OF HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS

MOST COMMON BINDERS ARE NOW AVAILABLE IN WATER MOST COMMON BINDERS ARE NOW AVAILABLE IN WATER BOURNE FORM.BOURNE FORM.

THE MATERIALS ARE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLYTHE MATERIALS ARE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

MANY COATS CAN BE APPLIED IN A DAYMANY COATS CAN BE APPLIED IN A DAY

DISADVANTAGES INCLUDE SMALLER APPLICATION DISADVANTAGES INCLUDE SMALLER APPLICATION WINDOW, STORAGE CONDITIONS AND WEATHERWINDOW, STORAGE CONDITIONS AND WEATHER


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

BS 3900 METHODS OF TEST FOR PAINTBS 3900 METHODS OF TEST FOR PAINT

BGC PS PA9 GIVES RESULTS REQUIRED BY BGBGC PS PA9 GIVES RESULTS REQUIRED BY BG

TESTS SUBDIVIDED INTO TESTS ON WET MATERIALSTESTS SUBDIVIDED INTO TESTS ON WET MATERIALS

AND TESTS ON DRY MATERIALSAND TESTS ON DRY MATERIALS



PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

DENSITYDENSITY THE DENSITY ( SG ) CUPTHE DENSITY ( SG ) CUP



PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTINGHEGMAN GRIND GAUGEHEGMAN GRIND GAUGE

FOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSIONFOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSION



PAINT TESTING, VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING, VISCOSITY

ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER WITH ROTOTHINNER WITH ROTOTHINNER MEASURES DYNAMIC MEASURES DYNAMIC VISCOSITY. UNITS, POISESVISCOSITY. UNITS, POISES


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT TESTING. VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING. VISCOSITY

KREBS STORMER VISCOMETERKREBS STORMER VISCOMETER

KINEMATIC VISCOSITYKINEMATIC VISCOSITY

DRIVEN BY A FALLINGDRIVEN BY A FALLING

WEIGHT, THE HEAVIERWEIGHT, THE HEAVIER

THE WEIGHT THE THE WEIGHT THE

FASTER IT ROTATES.FASTER IT ROTATES.

CRITERIA 200 RPMCRITERIA 200 RPM

UNITS STOKE OR POISEUNITS STOKE OR POISE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

FLOW VISCOSITYFLOW VISCOSITY

A FORD FLOW CUPA FORD FLOW CUP

FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS RETORT AND SHOWING RETORT AND SHOWING THE 4mm DIA HOLETHE 4mm DIA HOLE



PAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUPPAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUP



PAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILMPAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILM

ECCENTRIC WHEELECCENTRIC WHEEL


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTWET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COMB GAUGESCOMB GAUGES


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONFORMULAEFORMULAE

PIGMENT ANDPIGMENT AND

EXTENDERSEXTENDERSBINDERBINDERSOLVENTSOLVENT

V.S%V.S% ( DFT)( DFT)% OF WFT% OF WFT

WFTWFT



DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.


BGAS PAINTING INSPECTIONBGAS PAINTING INSPECTION

DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES, THE P.I.G.DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES, THE P.I.G.

VIEW FROM ABOVE VIEW FROM ABOVE THROUGH EYEPIECE WITH THROUGH EYEPIECE WITH GRATICULE SCALE. TABLES GRATICULE SCALE. TABLES IN INSTRUCTION BOOK IN INSTRUCTION BOOK GIVE CONVERSION FACTORS GIVE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR EACH BLADE, FROM FOR EACH BLADE, FROM GRATICULE UNITS TO GRATICULE UNITS TO MICRONSMICRONS


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES. THE SABERG TEST DRILLDESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES. THE SABERG TEST DRILL


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDFT MEASUREMENTS ELECTRONIC GAUGESDFT MEASUREMENTS ELECTRONIC GAUGES

ELECTROPHYSICELECTROPHYSIC

MINI TEST

ELCOMETERELCOMETER

456THE EXACTOTHE EXACTOMINI TEST 456



DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.

THE TINSLEY PENCILTHE TINSLEY PENCIL



DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

HORSESHOE GAUGEHORSESHOE GAUGE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETICDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETIC

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211

SCALE MOVES SCALE MOVES TO THE TO THE CURSERCURSER


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMSCOLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMS

PURPLE 25umPURPLE 25um

BLUE 50umBLUE 50um

BROWN 125umBROWN 125um

WHITE 250umWHITE 250um

YELLOW 500umYELLOW 500um

nominal valuesnominal values


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONTESTS FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON PAINTSTESTS FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON PAINTS

ABRASION RESISTANCE :ABRASION RESISTANCE :-- SAMPLE PLATES OSCILATEDSAMPLE PLATES OSCILATED

UNDER ABRASIVE DISCS. CHECKED FOR WEAR UNDER ABRASIVE DISCS. CHECKED FOR WEAR

HARDNESS CHECKS:HARDNESS CHECKS:-- SIMILAR TO PENETRATION TESTSIMILAR TO PENETRATION TEST

BUCHHOLZ INDENTOR OR KOENIG ALBERTBUCHHOLZ INDENTOR OR KOENIG ALBERT

FLEXIBILITY:FLEXIBILITY:-- MATERIALS ABILITY TO WITHSTAND MATERIALS ABILITY TO WITHSTAND

BENDING OVER MANDRELS, STRAIGHT OR TAPEREDBENDING OVER MANDRELS, STRAIGHT OR TAPERED

IMPACT RESISTANCE IMPACT RESISTANCE ::-- DIRECT OR INDIRECT, A KNOWN DIRECT OR INDIRECT, A KNOWN

WEIGHT FALLS ONTO THE SURFACE, ASSESSED FOR WEIGHT FALLS ONTO THE SURFACE, ASSESSED FOR

DAMAGEDAMAGE



FLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDRELFLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDREL


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONACCELERATED TESTING, WEATHEROMETERSACCELERATED TESTING, WEATHEROMETERS

HUMIDITY CABINETS:HUMIDITY CABINETS:-- HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPS.HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPS.

SALT SPRAY CABINETS:SALT SPRAY CABINETS:-- SALT LADEN ENVIRONMENTSALT LADEN ENVIRONMENT

WATER SOAK TEST:WATER SOAK TEST:-- PANEL SUBMERGED, WEIGHEDPANEL SUBMERGED, WEIGHED

TEMPERATURE CYCLING:TEMPERATURE CYCLING:-- HOTTER AND COLDER HOTTER AND COLDER

THAN NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURESTHAN NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURES

PROHESION TESTING:PROHESION TESTING:-- PROTECTIVE ADHESION,PROTECTIVE ADHESION,

NO UNDECUT, BLISTERS ETC. FOR SPECIFIED TIMENO UNDECUT, BLISTERS ETC. FOR SPECIFIED TIME



DRYING AND CURING TESTS:DRYING AND CURING TESTS:-- BALLOTINI TESTBALLOTINI TEST

GRADUATED IN HOURS OF TRAVERSEGRADUATED IN HOURS OF TRAVERSE

TRAVERSETRAVERSE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDRYING AND CURING TESTS. DRYING AND CURING TESTS.

BK DRYING TIME RECORDERSBK DRYING TIME RECORDERS

GLASS PLATES GLASS PLATES INSERTED INTO INSERTED INTO FRONT SLOT.FRONT SLOT.

STYLUS DRAWN STYLUS DRAWN ACROSS.ACROSS.


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONMECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYINGMECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYING


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWOLFFWOLFF-- WILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TESTWILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TEST

USES THE PENCIL USES THE PENCIL HARDNESS RATING.HARDNESS RATING.


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONOPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETEROPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETER


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONHIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATORHIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATOR



DEGREE OF GLOSSDEGREE OF GLOSS

HIGH LOWHIGH LOW

AIRAIR

WATERWATERR.I. ,STICK APPEARS TO R.I. ,STICK APPEARS TO BENDBEND


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONDEGREE OF GLOSSDEGREE OF GLOSS

MEASURED WITH A GLOSSMETER, ( REFLECTOMETER )MEASURED WITH A GLOSSMETER, ( REFLECTOMETER )

GLOSS CAN BE AFFECTED BYGLOSS CAN BE AFFECTED BY1. PIGMENT VOLUME CONCENTRATION1. PIGMENT VOLUME CONCENTRATION2. FINENESS OF GRIND PARTICLE SIZE2. FINENESS OF GRIND PARTICLE SIZE3. RESIN TYPE3. RESIN TYPE4. REFRACTIVE INDEX4. REFRACTIVE INDEX5. SOLVENT TYPE5. SOLVENT TYPE



PAINT TESTING . ADHESIONPAINT TESTING . ADHESION

PRIMER TO SUBSTRATE FAILUREPRIMER TO SUBSTRATE FAILURE

INTERCOAT ADHESION FAILUREINTERCOAT ADHESION FAILURE

COHESIVE FAILURECOHESIVE FAILURE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONADHESION ADHESION ‘‘VV’’ CUT TESTCUT TEST

CUT CUT ‘‘VV’’ 30 INC30 INC

15mm~ LEG

INSERT BLADE TIPINSERT BLADE TIP

APPLY LEVERAGE15mm~ LEG APPLY LEVERAGE

AA AA AA

CROSS SECTION ON A ACROSS SECTION ON A A



ADHESION TESTS, CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH) TESTADHESION TESTS, CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH) TEST

Cut 6 lines vertical and Cut 6 lines vertical and

6 horizontal, 25 x 2mm 6 horizontal, 25 x 2mm squares. Apply tape,squares. Apply tape,

pull off and compare for pull off and compare for

% area of detachment .% area of detachment .

BS 3900 Pt E6BS 3900 Pt E6



ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST SPECIAL CUTTER TOOLSPECIAL CUTTER TOOL


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TESTADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TEST


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTERADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTER


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWEATHER CONDITIONSWEATHER CONDITIONS

CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

1. RELATIVE HUMIDITY EXPRESSED AS %1. RELATIVE HUMIDITY EXPRESSED AS %

2. AIR TEMPERATURE2. AIR TEMPERATURE

3. STEEL TEMPERATURE3. STEEL TEMPERATURE

4. CALCULATED DEW POINT TEMPERATURE4. CALCULATED DEW POINT TEMPERATURE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWEATHER CONDITIONS WHIRLING HYGROMETERWEATHER CONDITIONS WHIRLING HYGROMETER


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWHIRLING OR ASPIRATED HYGROMETERWHIRLING OR ASPIRATED HYGROMETER

PREPRE--USE CHECKLISTUSE CHECKLIST

IS THERE A WICKIS THERE A WICKIS THE WICK CLEANIS THE WICK CLEANIS THE WICK WET, MUST BE DISTILLED WATERIS THE WICK WET, MUST BE DISTILLED WATER

IS THE WICK FASTENED AROUND THE BULB NECKIS THE WICK FASTENED AROUND THE BULB NECK

IS THE MERCURY IN A CONTINUAL , UNBROKEN IS THE MERCURY IN A CONTINUAL , UNBROKEN STREAM, IF NOT , RECTIFY BY PULLING BACK WITH A STREAM, IF NOT , RECTIFY BY PULLING BACK WITH A MAGNETMAGNET


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATORWEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATOR



WEATHER CONDITIONS . DEW POINT CALCULATIONSWEATHER CONDITIONS . DEW POINT CALCULATIONS

DRY BULB = 15DRY BULB = 15

WET BULB = 10 WET BULB = 10 ALIGN 10 WET (RED) ALIGN 10 WET (RED) WITH 15 DRY (BLACK) WITH 15 DRY (BLACK) READ OFF DP TEMP READ OFF DP TEMP INSIDE THE ELIPTICAL INSIDE THE ELIPTICAL WINDOW OPPOSITE THE WINDOW OPPOSITE THE WET BULB WET BULB TEMPERATURE OF 10TEMPERATURE OF 10


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATORWEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATOR

DRY BULB TEMP 15, DRY BULB TEMP 15, OPPOSITE DEW OPPOSITE DEW POINT TEMP 5.5, POINT TEMP 5.5, READ OFF RH FROM READ OFF RH FROM TIP OF BLACK TIP OF BLACK ARROW, IN THE ARROW, IN THE SMALL ELIPTICAL SMALL ELIPTICAL WINDOWWINDOW


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONWEATHER CONDITIONS STEEL TEMPERATURESWEATHER CONDITIONS STEEL TEMPERATURES

MAGNETIC, CONTACTMAGNETIC, CONTACT THERMOCOUPLETHERMOCOUPLE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCATHODIC PROTECTION SACRIFICIAL SYSTEMCATHODIC PROTECTION SACRIFICIAL SYSTEM

STEEL PIPESTEEL PIPE ZINC ANODEZINC ANODE

CONNECTINGCONNECTING

CABLECABLE

ENVIRONMENT WITH ELECTROLYTEENVIRONMENT WITH ELECTROLYTE



CATHODIC PROTECTION IMPRESSED CURRENTCATHODIC PROTECTION IMPRESSED CURRENT

TRTR

NEGATIVENEGATIVE

TO PIPETO PIPE

POSITIVEPOSITIVETOTO

GROUNDGROUNDBEDBED



CATHODIC PROTECTION MONITORING POTENTIALSCATHODIC PROTECTION MONITORING POTENTIALS

COPPER /COPPER COPPER /COPPER SULPHATE HALF CELL SULPHATE HALF CELL REFERENCE ELECTRODEREFERENCE ELECTRODE



CATHODIC DISBONDMENT TESTCATHODIC DISBONDMENT TEST



HOLIDAY/PINHOLE DETECTIONHOLIDAY/PINHOLE DETECTION

TYPICAL H/V SET TYPICAL H/V SET FOR PINHOLE FOR PINHOLE DETECTION. DETECTION. OPERATES UP TO OPERATES UP TO 5 Kv. TOO HIGH 5 Kv. TOO HIGH

FOR NORMAL PAINT FOR NORMAL PAINT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS



PINHOLE/HOLIDAY DETECTION SPONGE DETECTORPINHOLE/HOLIDAY DETECTION SPONGE DETECTOR

VOLTAGE RANGE 3 TO VOLTAGE RANGE 3 TO 90v. SOME HAVE ONLY 90v. SOME HAVE ONLY 2 SETTINGS. 2 SETTINGS. INTERMEDIATE 67.5v. INTERMEDIATE 67.5v. Sponge is wetted in Sponge is wetted in water with a drop of water with a drop of detergent, excess detergent, excess squeezed out, then squeezed out, then passed methodically passed methodically over the substrateover the substrate


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT APPLICATION. AIRLESS SPRAYPAINT APPLICATION. AIRLESS SPRAY

AIR CIRCUIT BLUEAIR CIRCUIT BLUE

PAINT CIRCUIT REDPAINT CIRCUIT RED

ONE WAY BALL VALVEONE WAY BALL VALVE


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONPAINT APPLICATION ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYINGPAINT APPLICATION ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING

IONISED AIR VOLUMEIONISED AIR VOLUME

POSITIVELY POSITIVELY CHARGED CHARGED PARTICLESPARTICLES

NEGATIVELY CHARGEDNEGATIVELY CHARGED



PAINT FAULTS, BITTINESSPAINT FAULTS, BITTINESS

INCLUSIONS, EITHER INCLUSIONS, EITHER AIRBORN OR FROM AIRBORN OR FROM THE PAINT ITSELF. THE PAINT ITSELF. COULD BE PARTIALLY COULD BE PARTIALLY CURED PAINT, OUT OF CURED PAINT, OUT OF SHELF LIFE.SHELF LIFE.


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOATING FAULTS BLEEDINGCOATING FAULTS BLEEDING

THE SOLVENT FROM THE SOLVENT FROM THE TOP COAT THE TOP COAT SOFTENS THE UNDER SOFTENS THE UNDER LYING MATERIAL AND LYING MATERIAL AND ALLOWS IT TO PASS ALLOWS IT TO PASS INTO AND THROUGH INTO AND THROUGH THE LAYER, CAUSING THE LAYER, CAUSING DISCOLOURATION. DISCOLOURATION. BROWN FOR BITUMEN, BROWN FOR BITUMEN, YELLOW FOR COAL YELLOW FOR COAL TARS.TARS.



COATING FAULTS BLISTERINGCOATING FAULTS BLISTERING

BLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS,LIQUID OR CRYSTALSBLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS,LIQUID OR CRYSTALS



COATING FAULTS CHALKINGCOATING FAULTS CHALKING

DEGRADATION OF A DEGRADATION OF A BINDER DUE TO BINDER DUE TO DISRUPTIVE FACTORS IN DISRUPTIVE FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTTHE ENVIRONMENT



COATING FAULTS CISSINGCOATING FAULTS CISSING

CAUSED BY CAUSED BY INADEQUATE SURFACE INADEQUATE SURFACE PREPARATION.PREPARATION.

A DIFFERENCE IN A DIFFERENCE IN SURFACE ENERGY SURFACE ENERGY CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF ADHESION.ADHESION.


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOATING FAULTS CRACKINGCOATING FAULTS CRACKING

COATING AGE AND COATING AGE AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSIONDIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION



COATING FAULTS CRATERINGCOATING FAULTS CRATERING

BOWL SHAPED BOWL SHAPED DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED BY DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED BY ESCAPING SOLVENT OR ESCAPING SOLVENT OR GASES. PAINT IS OF TOO GASES. PAINT IS OF TOO LOW A VISCOSITY TO FLOW LOW A VISCOSITY TO FLOW AND FILL THE AND FILL THE DEPRESSIONSDEPRESSIONS



COATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARSCOATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARS

CAUSED BY OVER CAUSED BY OVER APPLICATION. REMOVE APPLICATION. REMOVE OFFENDING EXCESS OFFENDING EXCESS MATERIAL, LIGHTLY MATERIAL, LIGHTLY ABRADE, RECOAT.ABRADE, RECOAT.


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOATING FAULTS FLAKINGCOATING FAULTS FLAKING

MATERIAL MATERIAL PROGRESSIVELY PROGRESSIVELY GETS BRITTLE WITH GETS BRITTLE WITH AGE, CRACKS AND AGE, CRACKS AND BEGINS TO DETACHBEGINS TO DETACH



COATING FAULTS HOLIDAYSCOATING FAULTS HOLIDAYS

DEFINED AS BEING :DEFINED AS BEING :-- A A VOID, A MISS, OR AN VOID, A MISS, OR AN UNCOATED AREAUNCOATED AREA


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOATING FAULTS LIFTINGCOATING FAULTS LIFTING

CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF OBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIMEOBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIME



COATING FAULTS ORANGE PEELCOATING FAULTS ORANGE PEEL

SIMILAR APPEARANCE TO A SIMILAR APPEARANCE TO A

CITRUS FRUIT SKINCITRUS FRUIT SKIN

CAUSED BY PAINT VISCOSITY PROBLEMS OR BYCAUSED BY PAINT VISCOSITY PROBLEMS OR BY

APPLICATOR TECHNIQUEAPPLICATOR TECHNIQUE



COATING FAULTS ROPINESSCOATING FAULTS ROPINESS

BRUSHMARKSBRUSHMARKS


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND COATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND

RIVELLINGRIVELLING


B.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONB.G.A.S. PAINTING INSPECTIONCOLOUR MUNSELL AND BS 4800COLOUR MUNSELL AND BS 4800

L= LUMINANCE, CHROMAL= LUMINANCE, CHROMA

a= FROM GREEN TO REDa= FROM GREEN TO RED

b= FROM BLUE TO YELLOWb= FROM BLUE TO YELLOW

YELLOW THROUGH GREEN ,BLUEYELLOW THROUGH GREEN ,BLUE

PURPLE, RED AND BACK TO YELLOWPURPLE, RED AND BACK TO YELLOW



HEALTH AND SAFETY, COSHH REGULATIONSHEALTH AND SAFETY, COSHH REGULATIONS

ABBREVIATIONSABBREVIATIONS

EH 40, EH 40, GUIDANCE NOTES, HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE GUIDANCE NOTES, HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE

MEL MEL , MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMIT, MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMIT

OEL, OEL, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT

OES, OES, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARD

LEL, LEL, LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMITLOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

UEL, UEL, UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMITUPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

RAQ, RAQ, REQUIRED AIR QUANTITYREQUIRED AIR QUANTITY



HEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWSHEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWS

bgas painting inspection - gulfjobs4indians.in

Documents

Transcript of bgas painting inspection - gulfjobs4indians.in