Beyond Green - Liveability as Precondition for Sustainable Cities of the Future
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Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore Assistant Dean + Programme Director School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore T: +65 65163527 E: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief, FuturArc magazine Jury Chair, FuturArc Prize Jury Chair, FuturArc Green Leadership Award Dr Nirmal KISHNANI Congress on Energy and Environment, ‘Zero Emission Cities, 2014’, Vienna, Austria (25 Nov 2014) Beyond Green Liveability as a Precondition for Sustainable Cities of the Future
Transcript of Beyond Green - Liveability as Precondition for Sustainable Cities of the Future
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Assistant Dean + Programme Director
School of Design and Environment
National University of Singapore
T: +65 65163527
Editor-in-Chief, FuturArc magazine
Jury Chair, FuturArc Prize
Jury Chair, FuturArc Green Leadership Award
Dr Nirmal KISHNANI
Congress on Energy and Environment, ‘Zero Emission Cities, 2014’, Vienna, Austria (25 Nov 2014)
Beyond GreenLiveability as a Precondition for Sustainable Cities of the Future
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Source: unstats.un.org
Carbon Emissions Tons per capita 2007
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Source: unstats.un.org
Carbon Emissions Tons per capita 2007
7.1
1.9
2013
USA: 16.4EU28: 6.8World: 5.0
Source: 2013, Global Carbon Project | http://cdiac.ornl.gov/GCP/carbonbudget/2013/
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
In 2011100,000 persons moved to Asian cities each day
This equals 37 million urban immigrants a year
To cope with this influx, 20,000 homes are needed every day
References:
Asian Development Bank, 2011 ASIA 2050, Realizing the Asian Century
Economic Intelligence Unit, 2011. Asian Green City Index, Siemens AG, Munich, Germany
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 2011HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX is a composite index measuring average
achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—a long and
healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.
Source: United Nations Development Programme | hdr.undp.org
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Very High Human Development (2011):
0.889
Low Human Development (2011):
0.456
100%66.8% 100% 63.4% 72.2% 15.1% 44.9% 34.0% 66.4% 28.8% 30.1% 33.2% 37.0% 28.1% 33.9%53.7%
URBANISATION 2010Percentage of population living in cities
SOURCE: United Nations Statistics Division - unstats.un.org
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
80% of GDP attributed to urban economies
Wealth and well being are inextricably linked to urbanisation
In 2010, over 42% of Asia’s population was
living in cities. By 2050, this will rise to 64%
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Copyright, Melissa MerryweatherHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Copyright, Melissa MerryweatherHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Copyright, Melissa MerryweatherHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Copyright, Melissa MerryweatherHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
The Quest for ZERO
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Low Energy Office
Building (MY)
100
240Revenue
House (SG)
147
Ministry of
Education
HQ (SG)
167 Changi General
Hospital (SG)
134
Typical Office
Building
Ministry of
Home Affairs
HQ (SG)
162
National
Library Board
Building (SG)
170
Low Energy Office Building, Malaysia
Energy efficient lighting
Energy efficient air conditioning systems
Energy efficient fans and ventilation systems
High performance façade with shading and insulation
Integrated building management system
Underfloor ‘displacement’ cooling
Units: kwh/m2/year
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Low Energy Office
Building (MY)
100
240Revenue
House (SG)
147
Ministry of
Education
HQ (SG)
167 Changi General
Hospital (SG)
134
Ministry of
Home Affairs
HQ (SG)
162
National
Library Board
Building (SG)
170
64
Green Energy Office
Building (MY)
Green Energy Office Building, Malaysia
Energy efficient lighting
Energy efficient air conditioning systems
Energy efficient fans and ventilation systems
High performance façade with shading and insulation
Integrated building management system
Underfloor ‘displacement’ cooling
Desktop ventilation nozzles at office workstations
Energy efficient plug loads (computers, copiers, lights)
Radiant cooling
Heat recovery systems
Typical Office
Building
Units: kwh/m2/year
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Low Energy Office
Building (MY)
100
240Revenue
House (SG)
147
Ministry of
Education
HQ (SG)
167 Changi General
Hospital (SG)
134
Ministry of
Home Affairs
HQ (SG)
162
National
Library Board
Building (SG)
170
ST Diamond Building, Malaysia
ST Diamond
Building (MY)
6964
Green Energy Office
Building (MY)
Energy efficient lighting
Energy efficient air conditioning systems
Energy efficient fans and ventilation systems
High performance façade with shading and insulation
Integrated building management system
Underfloor ‘displacement’ cooling
Desktop ventilation nozzles at office workstations
Energy efficient plug loads (computers, copiers, lights)
Radiant cooling
Heat recovery systems
Typical Office
Building
Units: kwh/m2/year
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Energy Building at the Building Construction Academy, Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Low Energy Office
Building (MY)
100Green Energy Office
Building (MY)
64
ST Diamond
Building (MY)
69 ZEB@BCA (SG)
42
-30 -6 -42
240Revenue
House (SG)
147
Ministry of
Education
HQ (SG)
167 Changi General
Hospital (SG)
134
Ministry of
Home Affairs
HQ (SG)
162
National
Library Board
Building (SG)
170
Energy efficient lighting
Energy efficient air conditioning systems
Energy efficient fans and ventilation systems
High performance façade with shading and insulation
Integrated building management system
Underfloor ‘displacement’ cooling
Desktop ventilation nozzles at office workstations
Energy efficient plug loads (computers, copiers, lights)
Heat recovery systems
Renewable energy
Typical Office
Building
Units: kwh/m2/year
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Energy Building at the Building Construction Academy, Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Energy Building at the Building Construction Academy, Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeMagic School of Green Technology, Taiwan
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeMagic School of Green Technology, Taiwan
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeMagic School of Green Technology, Taiwan
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Carbon Building, Hong Kong
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Carbon Building, Hong Kong
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeZero Carbon Building, Hong Kong
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Mumbai, India Tokyo, Japan Hong Kong, China Singapore
ViennaUrban Density: 4,069 people/km2
New York CityUrban Density: 10,640 people/km2 (27,560 people/sq mile)Peak Density: 76,900 people/km2 (200,000 people/sq mile)
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Ground cover: 26-65%
Average urban density: 6,000-28,000 people/km2Peak urban density: 121,000 people/km2
ASIAN CITIES
Low-rise, high density2-5 floors, plot ratio ~ 4
High-rise, high density> 40 floors, plot ratio ~ 10
Studio Research, Class of MSc Integrated Sustainable Design, NUS, Singapore, Aug-Nov 2014:Ana Maria Escobar Cardenas, Samudyatha Mysore Subbarama, Vikrant Kumar , Dinesh Prabhakaran, Anant Maria , Asban John Pious, Sumida Goel, Dhruv Basu , Tania Ahlawat, Steven Rendy Willyvans, Karina Djati Suryo Prameswari, Manoharan Archana , Namrita Chowdhry , Zheng Min, Karan Sinsinwar , Bernd Michael Schernau, Zhang Jing, Huang Yakun
Singapore
Hanoi
Mumbai
Singapore
Hanoi
Mumbai
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Ground cover: 26-65% Ground cover: 50%
Roof area: 500,000 m2/km2
RESIDENCES vs OFFICES
How much built up area, how many people?
1. Potential PV yield, based on climate profile2. Current energy demand (kwh/m2/year)3. Current occupant density (m2/person)
Average urban density: 6,000-28,000 people/km2Peak urban density: 121,000 people/km2
ASIAN CITIES
Low-rise, high density2-5 floors, plot ratio ~ 4
High-rise, high density> 40 floors, plot ratio ~ 10
Studio Research, Class of MSc Integrated Sustainable Design, NUS, Singapore, Aug-Nov 2014:Ana Maria Escobar Cardenas, Samudyatha Mysore Subbarama, Vikrant Kumar , Dinesh Prabhakaran, Anant Maria , Asban John Pious, Sumida Goel, Dhruv Basu , Tania Ahlawat, Steven Rendy Willyvans, Karina Djati Suryo Prameswari, Manoharan Archana , Namrita Chowdhry , Zheng Min, Karan Sinsinwar , Bernd Michael Schernau, Zhang Jing, Huang Yakun
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
New Delhi , India
Bangalore, India
Wuhan, China
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Studio Research, Class of MSc Integrated Sustainable Design, NUS, Singapore, Aug-Nov 2014:Ana Maria Escobar Cardenas, Samudyatha Mysore Subbarama, Vikrant Kumar , Dinesh Prabhakaran, Anant Maria , Asban John Pious, Sumida Goel, Dhruv Basu , Tania Ahlawat, Steven Rendy Willyvans, Karina Djati Suryo Prameswari, Manoharan Archana , Namrita Chowdhry , Zheng Min, Karan Sinsinwar , Bernd Michael Schernau, Zhang Jing, Huang Yakun
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Ground cover: 50%
Roof area: 500,000 m2/km2
RESIDENCESNumber of floors: up to 12Average Density: 150,000 people/km2
OFFICESNumber of floors: up to 4.4Average Density: 42,000 people/km2
Average urban density: 6,600 people/km2Peak urban density: 26,700 people/km2
ASIAN CITIES
Low-rise, high density2-5 floors, plot ratio ~ 4
High-rise, high density> 40 floors, plot ratio ~ 10
FIVE ASIAN CITIES:Wuhan, ChinaBangalore, IndiaNew Delhi, IndiaKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaHi Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Studio Research, Class of MSc Integrated Sustainable Design, NUS, Singapore, Aug-Nov 2014:Ana Maria Escobar Cardenas, Samudyatha Mysore Subbarama, Vikrant Kumar , Dinesh Prabhakaran, Anant Maria , Asban John Pious, Sumida Goel, Dhruv Basu , Tania Ahlawat, Steven Rendy Willyvans, Karina Djati Suryo Prameswari, Manoharan Archana , Namrita Chowdhry , Zheng Min, Karan Sinsinwar , Bernd Michael Schernau, Zhang Jing, Huang Yakun
Ground cover: 26-65%
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
1. HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW ENERGY BUILDINGSDesign for efficiencyDemand managementWaste and emissionsRenewablesSmart systemsResponsible users
Green Energy Office Building, Malaysia
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
2. INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTUREPublic Transit SystemsRoads and MobilityEnergy Production and DistributionWater Collection and DistributionWaste Handling and RecyclingSmart Grids
Integrated Mobility System, Taiwan
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
3. PUBLIC SPACE AND GREENERY
Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
http://earthshots.usgs.gov/earthshots/Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Tan P.Y, Wang, J; Sia, A. 2013. Perspectives on five decades of the greening of Singapore. Cities. 32: 24-32.Tan, P.Y, Bryan Yeo, W.X Yip, H.K Lua. 2009. Carbon storage and sequestration of urban trees in Singapore. Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, 14 pp
Changing Landscapes of Singapore
Graphs and images courtesy of Associate Professor Tan Puay Yok School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Vegetation cover (%)
http://cmns3520mtm.wordpress.com/2012/06/27/dense-small-city-can-be-clean-and-green/
http://www.besgroup.org/2012/02/05/white-bellied-sea-eagle-early-nesting-behaviour/
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Changing Landscapes of Singapore
Public park area and Park Provision Ratio of Singapore
With rising population density, there is…
(1) Lower per capita vegetation cover (all forms)in planning areas
(2) Stagnating park provision ratio (PPR) in Singapore
Tan P.Y, Wang, J; Sia, A. 2013. Perspectives on five decades of the greening of Singapore. Cities. 32: 24-32.Tan, P.Y, Bryan Yeo, W.X Yip, H.K Lua. 2009. Carbon storage and sequestration of urban trees in Singapore. Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, 14 pp
Graphs and images courtesy of Associate Professor Tan Puay Yok School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Two ProjectsPublic Space and Liveability
Singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Image: Atelier DreiseitlBishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Image: Atelier DreiseitlBishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Image: Atelier DreiseitlBishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Image: Atelier DreiseitlBishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Image: Atelier DreiseitlBishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Singapore| Atelier Dreiseitl
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsImage: CPG Consultants
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsDrawing: Greening Asia – Emerging Principles for Sustainable Architecture
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsImage: CPG ConsultantsDrawing: Greening Asia – Emerging Principles for Sustainable Architecture
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsImage: CPG Consultants
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsDrawing: Greening Asia – Emerging Principles for Sustainable Architecture
Image: J. Chew
Image: H.B. Tang
Image: R. Ong
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Rooftop farming
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore| CPG ConsultantsImage: CPG ConsultantsDrawing: Greening Asia – Emerging Principles for Sustainable Architecture
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
First vertical farm opens in Singapore | 28 OCTOBER 12 | Source: www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/28/vertical-farm-singapore
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Tokyo, Japan Singapore
Urban Agriculture, Asia| Source: FuturArc, Sept-Oct 2014
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
FuturArc Prize 2013| www.futurarc.com
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of SingaporeDr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
FuturArc Prize 2013| www.futurarc.com
Dr. Nirmal Kishnani, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore
Gardens by the Bay, SingaporeImage: Gardens by the Bay
Assistant Dean + Programme Director
School of Design and Environment
National University of Singapore
T: +65 65163527
Editor-in-Chief, FuturArc magazine
Jury Chair, FuturArc Prize
Jury Chair, FuturArc Green Leadership Award
Dr Nirmal KISHNANI
