B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultural: uma análise crítica de...
Transcript of B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultural: uma análise crítica de...
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B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle
no planejamento cultural: uma análise crítica de
Oliveira, Brito, Abe, Reis e Leite (2012)
Alexandre Dittrich*
Resumo
Em artigo recentemente publicado, Oliveira, Brito, Abe, Reis e Leite (2012) apresentam
críticas à proposta de planejamento cultural do psicólogo estadunidense B. F. Skinner
(1904-1990). Skinner seria um representante do “pseudomessianismo psicológico-
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PHQWDomR��RV�DXWRUHV�DSUHVHQWDP�FRQFHLWRV�H�SUHVVXSRVWRV�QHP�VHPSUH�FODURV��DOpP�GH�FRQFOXV}HV�HTXLYRFDGDV�D�UHVSHLWR�GD�REUD�GH�6NLQQHU�H�GD�DQiOLVH�GR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR��2�SUHVHQWH�DUWLJR�EXVFD�UHDOL]DU�XP�H[DPH�FUtWLFR�GHVVD�DUJXPHQWDomR��&RQFOXL�VH�TXH�DV�FUtWLFDV�GH�2OLYHLUD�HW�DO���������VmR�LQIXQGDGDV�Palavras-chave: B. F. Skinner; planejamento cultural; análise do comportamento;
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B. F. Skinner on prediction and control in cultural design:
a critical analysis of Oliveira, Brito, Abe, Reis e Leite (2012)
Abstract
In a recently published paper, Oliveira, Brito, Abe, Reis and Leite (2012) present a critical
DVVHVVPHQW�RI �WKH�SURSRVDO�RI �FXOWXUDO�GHVLJQ�PDGH�E\�WKH�$PHULFDQ�SV\FKRORJLVW�%��)��6NLQQHU��������������6NLQQHU�LV�GHSLFWHG�DV�D�UHSUHVHQWDWLYH�RI �´SV\FKRORJLFDO�FLHQWLÀFLVW�SVHXGRPHVVLDQLVPµ��JLYHQ�KLV�UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV�UHJDUGLQJ�WKH�GHVLJQ��SUHGLFWLRQ�DQG�FRQWURO�RI �FXOWXUDO�SUDFWLFHV��6XFK�UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV�DUH�VDLG�WR�EH�LQ�GLVDJUHHPHQW�ZLWK�WKH�´XQSUHGLFWDELOLW\�VRFLHW\µ�DQG�WKH�´RSHQ�VXEMHFWLYLW\µ��+RZHYHU��WKH�FRQFHSWV�DQG�WHQHWV�SUHVHQWHG�E\�WKH�DXWKRUV�LQ�WKH�FRXUVH�RI �WKHLU�DUJXPHQWDWLRQ�DUH�QRW�DOZD\V�FOHDU��and they arrive at mistaken conclusions about Skinner’s oeuvre and behavior analysis.
7KH�SUHVHQW�SDSHU�DLPV�WR�SHUIRUP�D�FULWLFDO�H[DPLQDWLRQ�RI �WKLV�DUJXPHQWDWLRQ��:H�conclude that the criticisms posed by Oliveira et al. (2012) are baseless.
Keywords: B. F. Skinner; cultural design; behavior analysis; globalization.
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B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultura 73
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Leite (2012)
Resumen
En un artículo recientemente publicado, Oliveira, Brito, Abe, Reis y Leite (2012) pre-
VHQWDQ�FUtWLFDV�D�OD�SURSXHVWD�GH�SODQLÀFDFLyQ�FXOWXUDO�GHO�SVLFyORJR�HVWDGXQLGHQVH�%��)��Skinner (1904-1990). Skinner sería un representante del “pseudomessianismo psicológico-
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74 Alexandre Dittrich
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$LQGD�GHQWUR�GHVVH�WySLFR��R�DUWLJR�DSUHVHQWD�XPD�H[SODQDomR�VREUH�R�chamado “ethos da pleonexiaµ��H[SUHVVmR�SURSRVWD�SHOR�VRFLyORJR�$QGHUVRQ�3LUHV�SDUD�GHVLJQDU�XPD�´YDULiYHO�SVLFROyJLFDµ�DSRQWDGD�FRPR�´IRUoD�PRWUL]�SDUD�R�LPSXOVR�H[SDQVLRQLVWD�GR�FDSLWDOLVPR�JOREDOµ��H��SRUWDQWR��WDPEpP�SHOD�FULVH�ÀQDQFHLUD�GH��������
O termo grego pleonaxia�p�FRPSRVWR�SRU�pleon (mais) e ekho (ter), sugerindo uma
EXVFD�GHVDWLQDGD�H�FRPSXOVLYD�SHOD�ULTXH]D��>«@�2�ethos da pleonexia PDQLIHVWD�R�SHUÀO�QDUFtVLFR�LGHQWLÀFDGR�QD�FXOWXUD�GR�QDUFLVLVPR�>«@�FDUDFWHUL]DGD�SHOD�SURGXomR�GH�XPD�VXEMHWLYLGDGH�TXH�VH�DOLHQD�GD�QHFHVVLGDGH�GR�RXWUR��YLYHQGR�apenas para a necessidade do eu (p. 42).
$QWHV�TXH�XP�DQDOLVWD�GR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�DSRQWH�R�yEYLR�FDUiWHU�PHQ-
WDOLVWD�H�UHGXQGDQWH�GHVVH�WLSR�GH�´H[SOLFDomRµ��XP�LQGLYtGXR�p�JDQDQFLRVR�SRUTXH�WHP�JDQkQFLD���RV�DXWRUHV�VH�DSUHVVDP�HP�DQWHFLSDU�WDO�FUtWLFD��
B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultura 77
(VWXGRV�GH�5HOLJLmR��Y������Q��������������MXO��GH]���������,661�,PSUHVVR����������;�²�(OHWU{QLFR�����������
8PD�REMHomR�EHKDYLRULVWD�j� LQWHUSUHWDomR�GH�3LUHV� �����D��p�TXH�XP�IDWR�psicológico (ethos da pleonaxia��QmR�VXUJH�QR�YiFXR��PDV�RUJDQL]D�VH�D�SDUWLU�GH�XPD�LQWHUDomR�FRP�R�PHLR�DPELHQWH��4XDQWR�D�HVWD�REMHomR��3LUHV������D��VXUSUHHQGH�VHX�SRVVtYHO�FUtWLFR�DR�H[WUDLU�GD�pWLFD�SURWHVWDQWH��DQDOLVDGD�SRU�0D[�:HEHU���������D�IRQWH�KLVWyULFD�GH�OHJLWLPDomR�PRUDO�GR�ethos da pleonaxia (p. 43).
$�DQiOLVH�GH�:HEHU��UHFRQKHFLGDPHQWH��DSRQWRX�YDULiYHLV�LPSRUWDQWHV�SDUD�FRPSUHHQGHU�D�FRQÀJXUDomR�GR�FDSLWDOLVPR�FRQWHPSRUkQHR�²�FRQWX-
GR��D�´OHJLWLPDomR�PRUDO�GR�ethos da pleonaxiaµ�SURPRYLGD�SHOR�FDOYLQLVPR�REYLDPHQWH�QmR�H[SOLFD�D�H[LVWrQFLD�GR�SUySULR�ethos �HQTXDQWR�XPD�´IRUoD�PRWUL]µ�GR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR���$VVLP��D�´REMHomR�EHKDYLRULVWDµ�FRQWLQXD�UHOH-YDQWH��2�~QLFR�tQGLFH�GD�JDQkQFLD��DPELomR�RX�pleonaxia�GH�XPD�SHVVRD�p�R�IDWR�GH�TXH�HOD�VH�FRPSRUWD��HP�PDLRU�RX�PHQRU�JUDX��GH�IRUPD�JDQDQFLRVD��ambiciosa ou pleonexa.
��7UDQVIRUPDU�FRQFHLWRV�GHULYDGRV�GD�REVHUYDomR�GH�SDGU}HV�FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV�HP�´H[SOLFDo}HVµ�SDUD�HVVHV�SUySULRV�SDGU}HV�p�R�SUREOHPD�PDLV�EiVLFR�DSRQWDGR�SRU�6NLQQHU��H��J���������������QDV�DUJX-
PHQWDo}HV�GH�FXQKR�PHQWDOLVWD��WUDWD�VH�GH�UDFLRFtQLR�FLUFXODU��VHP�TXDOTXHU�poder explicativo.
Pode-se perguntar, legitimamente, se o “ethos da pleonexiaµ�QmR�H[LVWLD�FRPR�XPD�´GLVSRVLomR�SVLFROyJLFDµ�RX�´IRUoD�PRWUL]µ�DQWHV�GR�DGYHQWR�GR�FDSLWDOLVPR�FRQWHPSRUkQHR��2V�DXWRUHV�VXJHUHP�TXH�VLP��&RQWXGR��
>«@�D�pWLFD�SURWHVWDQWH�FDOYLQLVWD��DR�OHJLWLPDU�PRUDOPHQWH�D�pleonaxia, sepultou
D�YDULiYHO�UHSUHVVRUD�LPSRVWD�SHOD�UHOLJLmR�FULVWm�QHRWHVWDPHQWiULD�D�HVWD�GLVSR-
VLomR�SVLFROyJLFD��$VVLP��R�SUREOHPD�FHQWUDO�GD�FULVH�ÀQDQFHLUD�LQWHUQDFLRQDO�GH������HVWi�QR�VLVWHPD�GH�FUHQoDV�VXEMDFHQWH�D�WRGDV�DV�SUiWLFDV�FXOWXUDLV�HQJHQGUDGDV�QR�FDSLWDOLVPR�JOREDO��HVWH�VLVWHPD�GH�FUHQoDV�Yr�VH�OLYUH�GR�YHWR�UHOLJLRVR�QHRWHVWDPHQWiULR�LPSRVWR�SHOR�LPSHUDWLYR�GR�FRQWHQWDPHQWR�QR�TXDO�D�UDFLRQDOLGDGH�GD�UHQ~QFLD�HUD�XPD�IRUoD�UHSUHVVRUD�DR�ethos da pleonaxia (p. 44).
e�VXUSUHHQGHQWH�TXH�RV�DXWRUHV�VH�FRQWHQWHP�FRP�HVVD�H[SOLFDomR�HP�XP�DUWLJR�TXH�VXSRVWDPHQWH�YLVD�DSRQWDU�D�FRPSOH[LGDGH�GRV�IHQ{PHQRV�VRFLDLV��$SDUHQWHPHQWH��JUDQGH�SDUWH�GD�KLVWyULD�HFRQ{PLFD�GD�KXPDQLGDGH�pode ser compreendida como determinada, essencialmente, por um embate
HQWUH�D�´UHOLJLmR�FULVWm�QHRWHVWDPHQWiULDµ��FRPR�VH�KRXYHVVH�XPD�~QLFD��e o calvinismo, ambos com poder variável de reprimir ou estimular uma
´GLVSRVLomR�SVLFROyJLFDµ�SDUD�D�DPELomR�RX�D�JDQkQFLD���6HULD� LJXDOPHQWH�IiFLO�LQYHQWDU�XPD�GLVSRVLomR�FRQWUiULD�H�FKDPi�OD��GLJDPRV��ethos da ágape,
WDPEpP�HOD�SRGHQGR�VHU�UHSULPLGD�RX�HVWLPXODGD��
�� 2V�WHUPRV�PHUHFHULDP��p�FODUR��GHÀQLo}HV�FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV�PDLV�DFXUDGDV�
�� Alexandre Dittrich
(VWXGRV�GH�5HOLJLmR��Y������Q��������������MXO��GH]���������,661�,PSUHVVR����������;�²�(OHWU{QLFR�����������
6H�R�UHJLVWUR�EtEOLFR�p�FRQÀiYHO�H�-XGDV�GH�IDWR�WUDLX�-HVXV�SRU�WULQWD�PRHGDV�GH�SUDWD�²0DWHXV�������²��DSDUHQWHPHQWH�HOH�HVWDYD�VRE�LQÁXrQFLD�do ethos da pleonexia��H�QHP�PHVPR�RV�HQVLQDPHQWRV�GR�PDLRU�GRV�FULVWmRV�QHRWHVWDPHQWiULRV�FRQVHJXLX�UHSULPLU�WDO�GLVSRVLomR�SVLFROyJLFD��RX��SRU�outro lado, estimular o “ethos�GD�iJDSHµ���(WLFDPHQWH��HOH�DJLX�GH�IRUPD�LGrQWLFD�DRV�EDQTXHLURV�FLWDGRV�SRU�2OLYHLUD�HW�DO����������TXH��FRP�VHX�´GH-VHMR�LQVDFLiYHOµ�HP�´TXHUHU�VHPSUH�PDLVµ��WHULDP�SURYRFDGR�D�FULVH�GH�������S������²�R�TXH�PRVWUD�TXH�R�GLWR�´ethos da pleonexiaµ��DOpP�GH�QmR�VHU�XP�IHQ{PHQR�UHFHQWH��p�QXOR�HQTXDQWR�FDWHJRULD�H[SOLFDWLYD�7 Etimologicamente,
cabe lembrar, a palavra ethos�UHIHUH�VH�DR�TXH�DV�SHVVRDV�ID]HP�²�LVWR�p��DR�seu comportamento.
2OLYHLUD�HW�DO���������DÀUPDP�TXH�R�´ethos da pleonexiaµ�p�XPD�GLVSRVLomR�SVLFROyJLFD�´LQFRQWUROiYHOµ��H�DSUHVHQWDP�´HYLGrQFLDV�HPStULFDVµ�GLVVR�²�SRU�H[HPSOR��R�IDWR�GH�TXH�DQWHV�GD��FULVH�GH������´FULPLQRVRV�>«@�SURFXUDUDP�DV�EUHFKDV�QD�OHJLVODomR�GR�VLVWHPD�ÀQDQFHLUR�FRP�R�REMHWLYR�GH�VH�EHQHÀFLDU�VHPSUH�j�FXVWD�GR�SUHMXt]R�GRV�RXWURVµ��S�����������-XGDV�SDUHFH�RIHUHFHU��QRYDPHQWH��XP�SDUDOHOR�SODXVtYHO���2XWUD�´HYLGrQFLD�HPStULFDµ��D�UHVLVWrQFLD�GH�DOJXQV�SDtVHV�HP�´DVVXPLU�PHWDV�GH�UHGXomR�GD�HPLVVmR�GH�FDUERQR�TXH�FRPSURPHWHVVHP�VHX�SURMHWR�GH�DFHOHUDomR�GR�FUHVFLPHQWR�HFRQ{PLFRµ��S�������$SDUHQWHPHQWH��WRGD�YH]�TXH�DOJXPD�SHVVRD�RX�JUXSR�DJLU�YLVDQGR�LQWHUHVVHV�ÀQDQFHLURV�SDUWLFXODUHV�HP�GHWULPHQWR�GR�EHP�FROHWLYR�WHUHPRV�XPD�´HYLGrQFLD�HPStULFDµ�GR�´ethos da pleonexiaµ��0DV�WHPRV�FRP�LVVR�XP�grave problema: se o tal ethos�p�´LQFRQWUROiYHOµ��DSDUHQWHPHQWH�QmR�SRGHPRV�ID]HU�QDGD�GLDQWH�GD�JDQkQFLD�TXH�GRPLQRX�R�FDSLWDOLVPR�FRQWHPSRUkQHR�
é plausível a proposta de um planejamento cultural para controle das práticas
pleonexas�GR�PHUFDGR�ÀQDQFHLUR�LQWHUQDFLRQDO"�$�WHVH�GH�3LUHV������D��LPS}H�XPD�resposta negativa. A proposta de um senso preventivo, orientado para o controle
GR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GRV�LQGLYtGXRV�DJHQWHV�GR�PHUFDGR�ÀQDQFHLUR��HQFRQWUD�R�obstáculo de uma variável psicológica em descontrole, o ethos da pleonaxia (p. 44).
(P�UHVXPR��FULVHV�ÀQDQFHLUDV�VmR�FDXVDGDV�SHOD�JDQkQFLD��H�QDGD�SR-
GHPRV�ID]HU�HP�UHODomR�D�LVVR��6H�GH�IDWR�R�´FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GRV�LQGLYtGXRV�DJHQWHV�GR�PHUFDGR�ILQDQFHLURµ�HVWLYHVVH�VRE�FRQWUROH�GH�XPD�´YDULiYHO�SVLFROyJLFD�GHVFRQWURODGDµ��D�FLrQFLD�HFRQ{PLFD�HVWDULD�HP�VpULRV�DSXURV��2�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GRV�DJHQWHV�GR�PHUFDGR�ÀQDQFHLUR��FRPR�R�FRPSRUWDPHQ-
WR�GH�TXDOTXHU�SHVVRD��HP�TXDOTXHU�PRPHQWR�H�HP�TXDOTXHU�FXOWXUD��HVWi
7� $�%tEOLD�RIHUHFH�XPD�DOWHUQDWLYD�LJXDOPHQWH�TXHVWLRQiYHO��RV�(YDQJHOKRV�GH�/XFDV��������H�-RmR��������DWULEXHP�R�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GH�-XGDV�j�SRVVHVVmR�SRU�6DWDQiV�
B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultura 79
(VWXGRV�GH�5HOLJLmR��Y������Q��������������MXO��GH]���������,661�,PSUHVVR����������;�²�(OHWU{QLFR�����������
VRE�FRQWUROH�GH�YDULiYHLV�ÀORJHQpWLFDV��RQWRJHQpWLFDV�H�FXOWXUDLV�FRPSOH[DV��YLD�GH�UHJUD� LGHQWLÀFiYHLV�H�PHQVXUiYHLV��H�IUHTXHQWHPHQWH�PDQLSXOiYHLV��FRPR�WHP�VLGR�GHPRQVWUDGR�SRU�GpFDGDV�GH�SHVTXLVD�QmR�Vy�QD�DQiOLVH�GR�comportamento, mas em outras ciências. O trabalho dedicado desses cien-
tistas, em contextos básicos e aplicados, tem demonstrado consistentemente
a possibilidade de alterar aspectos relevantes do comportamento humano
²�QmR�DSHQDV�HP�QtYHO� LQGLYLGXDO��PDV�WDPEpP�JUXSDO��,VVR�QmR�VLJQLÀFD��REYLDPHQWH��TXH�D�FLrQFLD�WHQKD�DOJXP�SRGHU�PiJLFR�GH�SUHYLVLELOLGDGH�RX�FRQWUROH��0DV�D�LQDomR�VXJHULGD�SRU�2OLYHLUD�HW�DO���������FHUWDPHQWH�QmR�p�D�PHOKRU�DOWHUQDWLYD��$�DGPLQLVWUDomR�H�UHJXODPHQWDomR�GD�HFRQRPLD�H�GR�PHU-FDGR�ÀQDQFHLUR�VmR�WDUHIDV�FRPSOH[DV��H�QLQJXpP�HVWi�GH�SRVVH�GH�UHVSRVWDV�GHÀQLWLYDV�H�LQIDOtYHLV�GH�FRPR�GHYHP�VHU�HIHWXDGDV��'D�PHVPD�IRUPD��FULDU�XP�ÀOKR��HQVLQDU�XPD�FODVVH�GH�DOXQRV�RX�HGXFDU�XPD�FRPXQLGDGH�WDPEpP�VmR�WDUHIDV�FRPSOH[DV��H�QmR�GHL[DPRV�GH�H[HFXWi�ODV�SRU�FDXVD�GLVVR��7DLV�WDUHIDV�VmR�HVVHQFLDLV�VH�TXHUHPRV�SURPRYHU�UHSHUWyULRV�FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV�TXH�IDYRUHoDP�R�IXWXUR�GH�QRVVDV�FXOWXUDV�²�H��SRU�RXWUR�ODGR��HYLWDU�RV�UH-SHUWyULRV�TXH�2OLYHLUD�HW�DO���������VXJHUHP�VHU�XPD�PHUD�H[SUHVVmR�GH�XP�“ethos da pleonexiaµ��2�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�pWLFR�QmR�p�SURGXWR�GH�TXDOTXHU�WLSR�de ethos��HQTXDQWR�GLVSRVLomR�SVLFROyJLFD�LQWHUQD���HOH�p�IUXWR�GH�YDULiYHLV�ÀORJHQpWLFDV��RQWRJHQpWLFDV�H�FXOWXUDLV��VREUH�DV�TXDLV�SRGHPRV�DWXDU�GH�PD-QHLUD�UHVSRQViYHO�H�SURGXWLYD��2�IDWR�GH�TXH��HYHQWXDOPHQWH��RV�UHVXOWDGRV�GHVVD�DWXDomR�QmR�VHMDP�DTXHOHV�LQLFLDOPHQWH�SUHYLVWRV�QmR�VHUi�WRPDGR�SRU�XP�DQDOLVWD�GR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�FRPR�´HYLGrQFLD�HPStULFD�GH�GHVFRQWUROHµ��PDV�FRPR�HYLGrQFLD�HPStULFD�GH�TXH�HOH�SUHFLVD�DSURIXQGDU�VXD�EXVFD�SRU�HYLGrQFLDV�HPStULFDV��R�TXH�FRQWUROD�FRPSRUWDPHQWRV�DSDUHQWHPHQWH�´GHV-FRQWURODGRVµ"�$EULU�PmR�GH� LQYHVWLJDo}HV�GHVVD�QDWXUH]D�H�DSHODU�SDUD�R�PHQWDOLVPR�p�D�VDtGD�PDLV�IiFLO��PDV�WDPEpP�D�PDLV�LPSURGXWLYD�
2�VHJXQGR�GRV�TXDWUR�WySLFRV�GR�DUWLJR�TXH�EXVFDP�GHPRQVWUDU�TXH�D�´RUGHP�VRFLDO�JOREDOL]DGDµ�SURGX]LX�´LPSUHYLVLELOLGDGHµ�H�´LQGHWHUPLQDomRµ�LQWLWXOD�VH�´&XOWXUD�HP�GHVFRQWUROHµ��2�WtWXOR�ID]�UHIHUrQFLD�D�XP�´FRQFHLWR�cunhado para o presente artigo para caracterizar o aspecto ateleológico e
LQGHWHUPLQDGR�TXH�DVVXPLX�D�SURGXomR�GH�EHQV�VLPEyOLFRV�QR�FRQWH[WR�GD�JOREDOL]DomRµ��S�������7UDWD�VH�GH�XP�WySLFR�FXUWR��TXH�PHUDPHQWH�FRQVWDWD�D�FUHVFHQWH�FRPSOH[LGDGH�GDV�UHODo}HV�HQWUH�DV�FXOWXUDV�H�RV�HIHLWRV�GLVVR�QD�FRQÀJXUDomR�GDV�SUiWLFDV�FXOWXUDLV��&RQWXGR��RV�DXWRUHV�XVDP�WDO�FRQVWDWDomR�como premissa para um espetacular salto lógico:
1D�JOREDOL]DomR�p�LPSRVVtYHO�SUHYHU��HP�XP�FRQMXQWR�LPHQVR�GH�DJHQWHV�ORFDLV�UHFHSWRUHV�H�UHVVLJQLÀFDGRUHV��TXDLV�VHUmR�RV�UHVXOWDGRV�VLPEyOLFRV��3RUWDQWR��Ki�XP�LPSDVVH�HQWUH�D�SURSRVWD�GH�XP�SODQHMDPHQWR�FXOWXUDO��FRQFHLWR�TXH�
�� Alexandre Dittrich
(VWXGRV�GH�5HOLJLmR��Y������Q��������������MXO��GH]���������,661�,PSUHVVR����������;�²�(OHWU{QLFR�����������
HQIDWL]D�XP�SURFHVVR�WHOHROyJLFR��XPD�LQWHOLJrQFLD�GLUHWLYD��H�R�FRQWH[WR�GH�XPD�FXOWXUD�HP�GHVFRQWUROH��FRQFHLWR�TXH�HQIDWL]D�XP�SURFHVVR�DWHOHROyJLFR��desprovido de inteligência diretiva (p. 45).
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Fantino (1997) e Fantino e Romanovich (2007).
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de planejamento cultural dos analistas do comportamento.
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perimentais e aplicados, tornaram os analistas do comportamento sensíveis
a diversos tipos de variáveis relevantes no controle do comportamento,
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90 Alexandre Dittrich
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B. F. Skinner sobre previsão e controle no planejamento cultura 91
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Conclusão
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92 Alexandre Dittrich
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investido ao longo de sua história. Os analistas do comportamento jamais se
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Referências
BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES.�&KLFDJR��,/��8QLYHUVLW\�RI �,OOLQRLV�²�%HKDYLRULVWV�IRU�Social Responsibility, 1991-.
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�&HQWXU\�&URIWV��������S��������6.,11(5��%XUUKXV�)UHGHULF��About behaviorism��1HZ�<RUN��1<��$OIUHG�$��.QRSI�������6.,11(5��%XUUKXV�)UHGHULF��´:KDWHYHU�KDSSHQHG�WR�SV\FKRORJ\�DV�WKH�VFLHQFH�RI �EHKDYLRU"µ�In: American Psychologist, v. 42��S�����������������6.,11(5��%XUUKXV�)UHGHULF��´6HOHomR�SRU�FRQVHT�rQFLDV�µ�,Q��Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva��YRO�����S������������������'LVSRQtYHO�HP���KWWS���SHSVLF�EYVDOXG�RUJ�SGI�UEWFF�Y�Q��Y�Q�D���SGI!��$FHVVR�HP����� MDQ��������7UDEDOKR�RULJLQDO�SXEOLFDGR�HP������7285,1+2��(PPDQXHO�=DJXU\��Subjetividade e relações comportamentais.
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Submetido em: 2-5-2013
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