AUTHOR'S PURPOSE & TEXT STRUCTURE

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

& TEXT STRUCTURE

LET’S REVIEW

Text structure is the way an author organizes information in a text.

COPYRIGHT 2012 WISE GUYS

A FEW NOTES TO

ADD …

A FEW NOTES TO ADD … Topic Sentence – the sentence that summarizes the main idea of a paragraph All paragraphs, of ALL STRUCTURES have a topic sentence (not just main idea paragraphs)

Write this down! Add it to your text structure noes.

A FEW NOTES TO ADD …

We know that: • Chronological text structure is when

the author uses dates and puts information in a chronological order.

A FEW NOTES TO ADD … • Chronological text structure is when

the author uses dates and puts information in a chronological order.

• Sequential text structure is when the author puts steps in order- sort of like how you would go about making your favorite chocolate chip cookie recipe.

Write this down! Add it to your text structure noes.

Types of TEXT STRUCTURE •  Chronological text structure is when the author uses

dates and puts information in a chronological order. •  Sequential text structure is when the author puts steps in

order- sort of like how you would go about making your favorite chocolate chip cookie recipe.

•  Cause/Effect text structure is when the author describes the effect that an event has on something else.

•  Compare/Contrast text structure is when the author compares one event or thing to another.

•  Descriptive text structure (Main idea paragraph) is when the author describes or explains about something.

•  Problem/Solution text structure is when the author describes a problem and possible solutions to that problem

LET’S REVIEW

LET’S REVIEW Signal or Clue words are words that are OFTEN used with particular text structures. When READING, we use signal words to IDENTIFY text structure. When WRITING, we use signal words to help CREATE text structure.

REMEMBER: CHRONOLOGICAL: F IRST, LAST, THEN, F INALLY COMPARE/CONTRAST: BOTH, D IFFERENT, SAME CAUSE/EFFECT: AS A RESULT, THEREFORE, SO PROBLEM/SOLUTION: D IFF ICULT Y, THREAT, HOPE, PROMISE DESCRIPT ION: ONE REASON, ALSO, FOR EXAMPLE

LET’S REVIEW

WATCH OUT!

Signal words can sometimes be tricky. We learned signal words are

SOMETIMES misleading when we are trying to determine text structure.


LET’S REVIEW

What kind of text structure would you expect with the words

problem and hope?


LET’S REVIEW

Today was the worst day ever! First, I overslept. Then, I locked my keys in the car. At school, I encountered another problem when my computer wouldn’t turn on. At lunch, I dropped my cellphone and cracked the screen. And last, on the way home, I got a flat tire. I hope tomorrow will be better.


NOT PROBLEM/SOLUTION


REMEMBER: CHRONOLOGICAL: F IRST, LAST, THEN, F INALLY COMPARE/CONTRAST: BOTH, D IFFERENT, SAME CAUSE/EFFECT: AS A RESULT, THEREFORE, SO PROBLEM/SOLUTION: PROBLEM, THREAT, HOPE, PROMISE DESCRIPT ION: ONE REASON, ALSO, FOR EXAMPLE

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER


REMEMBER:

CHRONOLOGICAL: FIRST, LAST, THEN, FINALLY COMPARE/CONTRAST: BOTH, D IFFERENT, SAME CAUSE/EFFECT: AS A RESULT, THEREFORE, SO PROBLEM/SOLUTION: PROBLEM, THREAT, HOPE, PROMISE DESCRIPT ION: ONE REASON, ALSO, FOR EXAMPLE

So, if signal words can be tricky, how can we identify text structure?

Now, we are going to add another piece to the puzzle:

Author’s Purpose

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE Author’s purpose: The main reason why an

author wrote about a specific topic

Video on AUTHOR’s PURPOSE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mg0ltP6Nr0

THINK-PAIR-SHARE

What are some reasons that an author would choose to write non-fiction?

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE Author’s mainly write non-fiction to:

Persuade Example…“Saving the Dolphins of the Deep Blue Waters”

Inform Example…“Dolphins of the Deep Blue Waters”

Entertain Example…“Swimming and Talking with the Dolphins”

Describe Example…“Dolphins: The Beautiful Grey Mammal”

If you have time, watch this 5-minute video to help understand Author’s Purpose http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUOK4fMCsoQ

GOOD READERS…

•  Good readers understand that the author’s reason (purpose) for writing the book should match up with the structure of the text.

GOOD READERS…

•  Good readers are able to identify the structure of the text and the author’s purpose for writing it.

GOOD READERS…

•  Good readers understand that an author may use more than one type of structure when writing.

LET’S LOOK CLOSER AT HOW THE TWO WORKING TOGETHER…

If you picked up a book titled “Recipes from Homes Around the World”, what do you think the author’s purpose would be

(entertain, persuade, or inform)?

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

The author of the book titled, “Recipes from Homes Around the World”, would probably be writing to inform a reader about some interesting

recipes from the other parts of the world.

NOW LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT TEXT STRUCTURE…

In the same book, “Recipes from Homes Around the World”, what do you think the author would

use for text structure (chronological, sequential, descriptive, cause/effect, or compare/contrast)?

TEXT STRUCTURE

The author of the book, “Recipes from Homes Around the World”, would probably use sequential for the recipes and possibly compare/contrast for the different types of recipes

found around the world.

TEXT STRUCTURE &

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

REMEMBER THIS PASSAGE ABOUT THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE

Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the flames coming from the O’Leary barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the people in the area to call for the fire department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be another day before the fire would be completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned.



The author CHOSE to write this passage in

chronological order.



The author CHOSE to write this passage in

chronological order.

Why did the author choose

to use this structure?


Text Structure:

Chronological Order

Author’s Purpose

To teach how something happened in time order.

To inform the reader

about the events at the start of Great Chicago

Fire.



The Author COULD have chosen to

write about these events using

ANOTHER STRUCTURE.

The Author could have

chosen to use Cause/Effect


Text Structure:

Cause & Effect

Author’s Purpose

To inform readers about how some events make

others happen.

To inform his readers about how certain events caused the Great Chicago Fire.

Let’s Try Another Topic!

•  On the next few slides, we will read paragraphs about Chimpanzees

•  Identify the text structure for each paragraph

What’s the text structure?

•  Chronological order

•  Compare and contrast

•  Cause and effect

•  Problem and solution

•  Main idea

Wild chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing. Some people are trying to solve this problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one day exist only in zoos. People are trying to save the rain forests and woodlands where the chimps live from being cut down. It will take many people working together to solve this problem.


Problem


Solution



Problem


Solution


Why that text structure? Where is the topic sentence?

What’s the text structure? Text Structure: Problem/Solution Author’s purpose: To inform readers that the disappearance of chimps is a problem that people can work together to solve.


Why that text structure? Where is the topic sentence?

Let’s Try Another Topic!

1.  What is the text structure?

2.  What is the author’s purpose?

3.  Where is the topic sentence?

What text structure is here? 1. What is the text structure? •  Chronological order •  Compare and contrast •  Cause and effect •  Problem and solution •  Main idea

Chimps live in groups and like each other a lot, but sometimes they fight. Because they don’t want to stay angry at each other after a fight, they make up by holding a hand out to the other and kissing. They show they are sorry with pats and hugs. As a result, the anger goes away. Chimps have found a way to get along to live together.

2. What is the author’s purpose? 3. Where is the topic sentence?

What text structure is here? 1. What is the text structure? •  Cause and effect



What text structure is here? 1. What is the text structure? •  Cause and effect


Author’s purpose: To inform the reader about the cause/effect process of chimps making up after they fight. 3. Where is the topic sentence?

Try another! 1. What is the text structure? •  Chronological

order •  Compare and

contrast •  Cause and

effect •  Problem and

solution •  Main idea

Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its mother :ckles it. A;er chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can li; more weight than a man who is six feet tall.


Try another! 1. What is the text structure? •  Compare and

contrast Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its mother :ckles it. A;er chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can li; more weight than a man who is six feet tall.


Try another!

Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its mother :ckles it. A;er chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can li; more weight than a man who is six feet tall.

Author’s purpose: To persuade readers that chimps and humans are similar. 3. Where is the topic sentence?

1. What is the text structure? •  Compare and

contrast

Can you find the text structure? 1. What’s the text structure? •  Sequential order •  Compare and contrast •  Cause and effect •  Problem and solution •  Main idea


When you watch a chimp swing through trees, first it uses its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with its flexible hands and feet, it grabs and hooks on to the branch. Finally, it swings from that branch to another branch of tree. A chimpanzee’s body is made for swinging in trees.

Can you find the text structure? 1. What’s the text structure? •  Sequential order




Author’s purpose: To inform the reader about the steps a chimpanzees takes when using its body to swing through trees. 3. Where is the topic sentence?


One more paragraph!

Chimpanzees are interesting animals. All wild chimpanzees live in Africa. They live mostly in thick rain forests and in woodlands. There are two types, or species, of chimpanzees—the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, also known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

1. What is the text structure? •  Chronological order •  Compare and contrast •  Cause and effect •  Problem and solution •  Main idea


One more paragraph!



1. What is the text structure? •  Main idea

One more paragraph!


1. What is the text structure? •  Main idea

Author’s purpose: To describe why chimpanzees are interesting using specific details. 3. Where is the topic sentence?

AUTHOR'S PURPOSE & TEXT STRUCTURE

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