Architects Pocket Book - pp 64-85

Architect’s Pocket Book

Charlotte Baden-Powell

Second edition

OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARISSAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO

Architectural Press

Contents

Preface vii

Acknowledgements ix

1 General InformationClimate maps 1Metric system 8Metric units 10Temperature 11Imperial units 12Conversion factors 14Greek alphabet 17Geometric data 18Paper sizes 24Drawing conventions 28Perspective drawing 32CI/SfB Construction Index 34Uniclass 40

2 PlanningPlanning and other permissions 41Building Regulations 1991 52Standards – in the construction industry 56Sustainability, energy saving and green issues 59Anthropometric data 64Furniture and fittings data 68Miscellaneous data 78Sanitary provision for public buildings 82Trees for towns 86Hedges 88

3 StructuresWeights of materials 89Newtons 93Imposed loads 94Fire resistance 99Bending moments and beam formulae 100Safe loads on subsoils 102Timber 103Brickwork and blockwork 106

Concrete 108Steelwork 112

4 ServicesDrainage 119Rainwater disposal 122Water supply regulations 123Water storage 127U-, R- and K- values 130Thermal insulation 132Heat losses 134Central heating and hot water systems 136Ventilation 138Electrical installation 144Lighting 147Sound 164

5 Building ElementsStairs and gradients 167Fireplaces 170Chimneys and flues 172Doors 174Windows 180Security fittings 188

6 MaterialsBrickwork and blockwork 191Stonework 200Dampness in buildings 204Plaster and render 205Metals 211Roofing 214Glass 237Timber 250Building boards 269Plastics 276Nails and screws 278Paints 280

Addresses 287Sources 297Index 300

vi Contents

64 Architect’s Pocket Book

Anthropometric data

Dimensions given are the average for British men and women. They include anallowance for clothing and shoes.

hips

Standing

upward reach +2120 +1970

top of head +1740 +1650

eye level +1635 +1545

shoulder height +1430 +1355

knuckle height +0770 +0740

floor �0000 �0000

MEN WOMENshoulder width men 460

women 405

men 370women 400

sideways reach men 885women 820

c/l

Planning 65

from buttocksto back of calf

from buttocksto front of knee

Dimensions given are the average for British men and women. They include anallowance for clothing and shoes.

extended leg

forward reach men 850

women 780

men 480

women 470

men 615

women 570

men 1090

women 965

top of head +1340 +1280

eye level +1220 +1170

shoulder height +1040 +0985

u/s elbow +0665 +0650

top of thigh +0590 +0590

average seat height +0440 +0440

floor �0000 �0000

Sitting

MEN WOMEN


reach over high tablemen 600women 550

1075Circulation

630

465

Turning circle ∅ mmlarge chair 1700standard chair 1500indoor chair 1400

1800

twoself propelledwheelchairs

twowheelchairswithattendants

onewheelchairwithattendant

NBMinimumdimensions of landings to be clearof door swings

oneself propelledwheelchair

1700

LIFT suitable for a wheelchair userCar of at least 1100 wide × 1400 long internallyClear landing area of 1500 × 1500Clear door opening of 800Lift controls set between +900 and +1200 hand set at least 300 mm in from front wall inside car

1100

800

1500

1500

1400

300

+ 0965 top of chair

+0710 top of arm rest

+0560 top of wheel

+0000 floor

WheelchairsMEN WOMEN

high reach +1715 +1575

oblique reach +1595 +1465

forward reach +1410 +1295head height +1330 +1255eye level +1220 +1155

shoulder +1035 +0990

elbow +0690 +0690thigh +0605 +0605seat +0485 +0475

knuckle +0380 +0420

foot height +0145 +0165

floor ±0000 ±0000

1200

RAMPS100 min high kerbto open sidesmin width of ramp surface1000 clear of obstructions(900 clear for dwellings)

1200

min lengthbottom landing

max 5 m long ramp for1:12 slope which ismax permitted slope

max 10 m long rampfor 1:15 slope

min lengthintermediatelandings

min lengthtop landing

1500 1200

non-slip surface ↓

(760 min)900

800

Planning 67

Wheelchair accessEntrance lobbies & corridors – not in dwellings

DWELLINGSNOTE; Part M of the Building Regulations applies only to NEW DWELLINGS, not to existing dwellings nor extensions toexisting dwellings.

Means of EscapeSee Approved Document B of the Building Regulationsand BS 5588 : Part 8 : 1988

Audience & Spectator SeatingSix wheelchair spaces or 1/100th of spectator seating whicheveris greater should be provided.Each space to be 1400 × 900 with unobstructed view and adjacent to seated companions. The space may be created byreadily removing seats for the occasion.

NOTENo frameless glass doors. No revolving doorsunless very large as in airports. Door pulls andlever handles for easy opening. Any door closersto be adjusted to open with minimum force andclose slowly.

ENTRANCE DOORS to have min clear opening 775 mmDOORWAYS in relation to CORRIDORS as table below:

Doorway – clear opening mm Corridor – minimum width mm750 or wider 900 when approach head-on750 1200 when approach not head-on775 1050 when approach not head-on800 900 when approach not head-on

A WC must be provided in the entrance storey of a dwelling – or the principal storey if there are no habitable rooms at theentrance level.

This WC compartment must be min. 900 wide with an opening-out door and a clear space 750 deep in front of the pan clear ofany wash basin. This WC may be part of a bathroom.

ACCESS to dwellings not steeper than 1:20 orramps as shown on opposite page with droppedkerbs to any pavements.

ELECTRICAL SWITCHES & SOCKETSHeight of switches, socket outlets, bell pushes,telephone jacks, TV aerial sockets etc to be pos-tioned between +0450 and +1200 above FFL.

Sources:Approved Document M of the Building RegulationsMetric HandbookDesigning for Accessibility

min clear opening for entrancedoors with min 300 clear spacealongside leading edge of door

minimum width forentrance lobbies

minimum clear spacebetween door swings

300 800

1500

1300

1000

750

1200

minimum clear spacefor manoeuvring chairinto side doorways

minimum clear opening forinternal doors

minimum unobstructedwidths for corridors

Principal entrance doors,doors in frequent use anddoors across circulationroutes should have glazedpanels at least betweenheights of +0900 and+1500 but preferably withthe u/s at +0450.

+1500

+0900

Double doors to have at least one leaf with 800 mm clear openingNB:Minimum clear opening for doorways meansclear of door thickness, doorstops and any fulllength pull handle.In practice this requires a 1000 mm doorset toachieve a minimum 800 clear opening.

800


Furniture and fittings data

Living room

armchair

900

two seater sofa

1500

950

2100

three seater sofa

1300

650

600

750 50

0

500

450

750

500

750 1000750

knee space

desk and chair

distance betweendesk and wallneeded to get upand sit down

coffee tables – 400 h

700

+1340

+0440

�0000

+0750 to1200

Planning 69

Living room – continued

+13001500

upright piano

+700

�0000

+520

�0000

�0000

+2250

54% of bookswill fit ontoshelves ofthese cleardimensions

18%as above(3% may be larger)

25%as above

television

longcase clock

bookshelves

AUDIO-VISUAL AND MUSIC STORAGErecord sleeve = 315 � 315 � 3video tape box = 204 � 121 � 30compact disc box = 142 � 125 � 12cassette tape box = 110 � 70 � 16sheet music = 340 � 250 max page size

500

155

180

255

450

550

250

240

340

265

240

1450 to 1500

900

350

650

grand piano 970 h

piano stool

1450

to 1

800

�0000

+0800


Kitchen

top of tall cabinets

u/s cooker hoodeye level

maximum reach

top of low wall cupboards

u/s wall cupboards

electric sockets

drawer line

plinth height

FFL

space for pipework ➚ cabinet depth53050

65

worktoptop of appliances

+2250 –

+2000 –

+1950 –

+1650 –+1600 –

+1350 –

+1100 –

+0900 –+0850 –+0740 –

�0000 –

+0150 –to –

0100 –

standard worktop600

300 to 350

900

walkingwith tray

walking betweenwall and counter

squeezingbetween walland counter

650

450

dishwasher

1150

1200

minumumspace between

counters

SPACE needed in front ofappliances under worktop

KITCHEN TRIANGLETo achieve a compact yet workable kitchen thetriangle formed by lines linking sink to cooker andrefrigerator should total between 3.6 m and 6.6 mlong with a maximum of 7.0 m. Avoid circulationthrough the triangle – particularly between sink andcooker which should not be more than 1.8m apart.

Allow a minimum 400 mm between hob and sinkand any tall cupboards for elbow room.

Cooker should not be positioned near door or infront of window.

Keep electric sockets well away from sink area.

Provide lighting over worktops.

Install extractor fan over hob.

800

700

1100

low level oven➝ ➝

Planning 71

600

tall

cupb

oard

/ap

plia

nce

hous

ing

500

tall

cupb

oard

300

tall

cupb

oard

600

cupb

oard

/ap

plia

nce

hous

ing

1000

cup

boar

d/si

nk b

ase/

co

rner

cup

boar

d

900

corn

ercu

pboa

rd

800

cupb

oard

/si

nk b

ase300

cooker – freestanding hob under worktopsingle oven/dishwasher/larder fridge etc

built-indouble oven

600

600

570

900 60

0

580

500

600

850

60090

0

mediumrefrigerator

fridge/freezer

built-infridge/freezer

500

850

600

1460

600

1750

600

1800

500

330

450

400 500

1000 1000 1000 1200 1500 1500

500

1200

CABINETS width dimensions

APPLIANCES

Inset sink units

freestandingmicrowave

built inmicrowave

smallrefrigerator

wall cupboards


Dining room90

0

2600

table for 10

900

1950

table for 8

1100

2200

table for 101200

table for 6 to 7

900

1500

table for 6

1300

750

table for 4

1100

table for 4

900

900

table for 4

750

table for 2

900

650

table for 2

750

Planning 73

+ 1340 top of man’s head

+ 1200 eye level

+ 1000 chair back

+ 0740 table top

+ 0440 seat

550sitting space

1500

450

450

350

bar stool

450

dining chair

740

sideboard 900 mm h

450foot space

(650 wide perplace setting)

750minimum space neededto get up and sit down

� 0000 FFL


Bedroom

double beds

cot – 1000 h

� 0000 FFL

+ 0550 top of mattress

+ 1000 bedhead

+ 1400 head room

1800

15001350 900

650

550

450

450SPACE round beds

minimum spacebetween beds withroom for small table

minimum space needed at sidesand ends for making bed – ideally should be 700 mm

1250

bedside table

450

600

450

750

190019

00

2000

single beds

Planning 75

chest of drawers – 900 h

wardrobe – 1700 to 2100 h

1000

500

1000

1000

600

600

Short clothes hanging space HANGING CLOTHES – average space requirements

BOOTS and SHOES size overall per pairmen’s Wellington boots 330 � 240 � 430 hmen’s walking shoes 330 � 240 � 120 hwomen’s high heeled shoes 280 � 180 � 150 hwomen’s flat shoes 280 � 180 � 90 h

c/l rail+ c/l rail

600

shirt

sja

cket

ssk

irts

fold

ed tr

ouse

rs

blou

ses

jack

ets

skirt

s

over

coat

sdr

esse

s

dres

sing

gow

n, lo

ng d

ress

es

dres

sing

gow

ns, o

verc

oats

300 600 500 300

MEN

900

WOMEN

1400

– 1000– 1200

– 1400– 1600

c/l rail

500

1600

blanketand hatspace

a rail at thisheight willaccommodatethe longest garment whileleaving spaceunder shorterclothes forshoes

Long clothes hanging space

1200

600


Bathroom

800

long

1800

700

1500

730

1100

700

standard

short

800

1000 900

900

750

750

800

800

700

minimumaccess

+2200 min. ceiling+2100 top of

shower rail

+1150 c/l mixer

+0530 top of bath

+0140 bottom of bath�0000 FFL

700

minimumaccess

+2200 min. ceiling+2100 top of

shower rail

+1250 c/l mixer+1050 grab rail

+0150 top of tray�0000 FFL

sitz

1700

BATH

SHOWER

Planning 77

+1900 min. height atfront of basin

+1600 eye level

+0850 basin top

560

420

400

700

2150

900

720

520

800

530

150

�

510

740

720

450

330

530

680

500

400

300

170→

60

400

500�0000 FFL

BASIN

600

minimumaccess

BIDET

700

minimumaccess

+2000 min. ceiling+1900 min. height at

front of pan

+1500 min. height atback of pan

+0400 average pan height

�0000 FFL

600

minimumaccess

WC

URINAL

500

minimumaccess

330

670

+1320 screen

+0710 u/s screen+0610 rim

±0000 FFL

+0510 rim forboys

700

minimumaccess

700

centres


Miscellaneous dataLaundry

600

washing machine and dryer

Cleaning and Fuelironing board

broom

fuel bunker 508 kg (10cwt) 4 step ladder

vacuum cleaner dustbin

spin dryer

580 70

0

650 84

0

400

� 150

850

1720

700

min

imum

acce

ss

400

300

350

1300400

970

820

1550

350

1350

350

1000

700

550

800

1350

400

Planning 79

Hall and shed

Garden

perambulator

bicycle

1200

1070

560

1400

deckchair

900

550

chest freezer

860

675

1100

700 1800

620

600

1200

1650

1450

560wheelbarrow

grass rake rake

1000

spade & fork

950

360

1300

lawnmower

wine rack

230

330 440

330

meter box

550

240 450


Domestic garages 2400

1600 600 �minimum toget out of car

200

150

2850

3300

6050

5020

clear opening for4878 (16�0�) w door and frame

workbench

1700 950 �allows for mostdoors to open fully

standard garagedoor heights are1981 (6�6�) and2134 (7�0�)

overhead beamfor stirrup grip

�

200

200

4900

5200

3000

6000

800

min

200

150

2120clear opening for1981 (6�6�) wdoor & frame

averagecar size

4000 � 1600

2275clear opening for2134 (7�0�) wdoor & frame

family saloon 4500 � 1700

familysaloon

familysaloon

mini

averagesized car

4300

SINGLE GARAGE minimum size

SINGLE GARAGE for family saloon

SINGLE GARAGE for wheelchair user

4400

clear opening for4267 (14�0�) w door and frame

4900

4900

4400

4700

Planning 81

Vehicle sizes and parking bay

VEHICLE l w* h radius

wheelchair – standard 1075 630* 965 1500

bicycle 1800 560* 1070 –

motor bicycle 2250 600* 800 –

small car (Mini) 3050 1400* 1350 4800

average sized car 4000 1600* 1350 5250

family saloon 4500 1700* 1460 5500

caravan – average touring 4500 2100* 2500 –

Rolls Royce 5350 1900* 1670 6350

hearse 5900 2000* 1900 –

skip lorry 7000 2500* 3350 8700

dustcart – medium capacity 7400 2290* 4000 7000

fire engine – medium size 8000 2290* 4000 7600

pantechnicon 11000 2500* 4230 10 050

Radii should not necessarily be considered as turning circles. Turning circles depend uponthe speed the vehicle is travelling, the hand of the driver (left hand differs from right), andoverhang, particularly at front and back of vehicle. Allow 1.2m clear space both sides ofcarriageway to accommodate overhang.

*widths exclude wing mirrors which may add 600 to 800 mm to the body width

Bicycle parking

205

1100

Up/down parkingwith ramps for parking alternate cyclesat a higher level90° parking @ minimum 310 mm centres45° parking @ minimum 450 mm centres

Source: Autopa Ltd Same level parking 45°

Same level parking 90°

610min.

610min.

610min.

610min.

1905

1440

+ 0690 topholder

+ 0470 bottomholder

+ 0250 ramp

± 0000 FFL

PARKING BAYThe standard parking bay is2400 × 4800 which willaccommodate mostEuropean cars. 2800 × 5800 will accommo-date American and otherlarge cars.


Sanitary provision for public buildings

Summary of minimum facilities

There should be separate facilities for men and women.

Generally washbasins should be provided in equal numbers toWCs with one for every five urinals.

In most public buildings, a minimum of two WCs should beprovided so that one may act as a reserve if the other is out oforder.

At least one WC should be designed for disabled people seepages 62 and 63.

Offices and shopsNo. of persons No. of WCs and basinsUp to 15 116–30 231–50 351–75 476–100 5over 100 1 extra for each additional 25

There is no specific requirement for urinals, but if providedmen’s facilities may be reduced to:

No. of persons No. of WCs and basinsUp to 20 121–45 246–75 376–100 4over 100 1 extra for each additional 25

FactoriesWCs 1 per 25 persons

Urinals No specific requirement

Basins 1 per 20 persons for clean processes1 per 10 persons for dirty processes1 per 5 persons for injurious processes

RestaurantsMen Women

WCs Up to 400: 1 per 100 Up to 200: 2 per 100Over 400: 1 extra for each Over 200: 1 extra for each

additional 250 or additional 100 orpart thereof part thereof

Urinals 1 per 25 persons

Basins 1 per WC and 1 per 5 urinals 1 per 2 WCs

Concert halls, theatres and similar buildings for public entertainmentMen Women

WCs Up to 250: 1 Up to 50: 2Over 250: 1 extra for each 50–100: 3

additional 500 or Over 100: 1 extra for eachpart thereof additional 40 or

part thereof

Urinals Up to 100: 2Over 100: 1 extra for each

additional 80 orpart thereof

CinemasMen Women

WCs Up to 250: 1 Up to 75: 2Over 250: 1 extra for each 76–100: 3

additional 500 or Over 100: 1 extra for eachpart thereof additional 80 or

part thereof

Urinals Up to 200: 2Over 200: 1 extra for each

additional 100 orpart thereof

Planning 83


WC compartments for disabled people

Wheelchair user

+1400 top vertical rail

+0480 pan height

�0000 FFL

+0800 bottom vertical rail+0750 top of basin and

c/l horizontal rails

These arrangementsshow the minimumprovision that willcomply with theApproved DocumentM of the BuildingRegulations1992 edition

250

700 to 7502100

�hingedsupport rail

mirror

lever handle �

pull rail �

support rails to be 35 mm ø

mirror size900 h � 400 w fixedwith u/s at 900 above FFL

400

1000

sing

le le

afdo

orse

t

500

1500

150�150�

�10

0

�50

600

frontal transfer to WC at the basin

1400 600

950

750

600800min

sideways transfer to WC

Planning 85

SECTION

PLAN

Ambulant disabled user

+1350 top vertical rail

�0000 FFL

+0750 bottom vertical rail+0700 c/l horizontal rails+0480 pan height

Note that this arrangement presupposes a wash handbasinelsewhere400

800

500

1500(1700)

(if door opening in)

wc height

950

900

480

Source: Pressalit Ltd

basin height

Architects Pocket Book - pp 64-85

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