APACHE WAR DANCE

APACHE WAR DANCE (N'DEE NAGONDZOOG GOCH'ITAAL): Angriness Dancing (Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal) for Stick Art (Tsih E'ile'hi)

Ha'ashkee Dahszii Ya'ai Jii Ndaa'Ke'O'N'dee

mailing: Post Office Box 2601 zip code: 88062-2601

residence: 1900 Little Walnut Road, Unit B zip code: 88061-2609

Silver City, New Mexico (N.M.) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (U.S.A.)

Gonzo Publishing, a division of White Rabbit Press No. 9 Penny Lane Emerald City, OZ 87654-3210 WONDERLAND

B. Copyright

Copyright (C) 2013 and 2014 by Ha'ashkee Dahszii Ya'ai Jii, Ndaa'Ke'O'Ndee. All rights reserved. Post Office Box 2601, Silver City, NM 88062-2601, USA First (1st) edition.

Although the author and publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of information contained in this book, we assume no responsibility for errors, inaccuracies, omissions, or any inconsistency herein. Any slights of people, places, or organizations are unintentional.

1st printing 2013

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ATTENTION COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, AND PROFESSIONAL, PUBLISHING, ANDWRITING ORGANIZATIONS, AND CORPORATIONS: Quantity discounts are available onbulk purchases of this book for fund-raising, training, and educationalpurposes, or gift giving, or as premiums for increasing magazinesubscriptions or renewals. For information, please contact Ha'ashkee DahsziiYa'ai Jii, Ndaa'Ke'O'N'dee, Post Office Box 2601, Silver City, NM 88062-2601USA-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

L. Dedication

This book is dedicated to Chief Nana, the 100 other Mescalero warriors, family members, and others, who joined Chief Victorio and the Warm Springtribe "at the edge of it" when they were "out of life."

This book is also dedicated to Silas John and the other people of the HolyGround Ceremony (Church), who, at the risk of their lives, and in somecaseslost their lives, shared wisdom about the way of Killer of Enemies (Slayer ofMonsters).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

F. Acknowledgements

Thank you Dave Lowry san for allowing me to make this book. You could'vesaid "Noh." My eternal gratitude to Polly at the Javilina Coffee Househttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Javalina-Coffee-House/100876083290392 forletting me run up a tab while writing this book (I'm going to pay it off assoon as I can, really). Also, the two tables of migrations couldn't havebeen drawn without Ms Woods having invented "The Rose Mary Stretch."-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

S. Foreword

"[The] philosophy of [Tsih E'ile'hi = Stick (BoU; in English the U is

dropped because the pronunciation of Bo is very close to BoU) Art (BiJiYuTsu;BoU-BiJiYuTsu = Stick Art. In English Bi is dropped because it is used toindicates that JiYuTsu is a noun; JiYu is pronounced as either Ji or Ju andwith Tsu, results in Jitsu and Jutsu; the pronunciation of Ju is closer toJiYu, thus, Bo Jutsu is closer to BoU BiJiYuTsu. JiYu means person and JiYuUmeans freedom. U in some dialects rather than Tsu may have been used in theword for art (BiJiYuTsu); thus resulting in BiJiYu, to indicate a personskilled in an art] is the ideal of giving with adversity, to bend slightlyand spring back stronger than before, and to adapt oneself harmoniously tothe ['ndaa and/or ndaa' = enemy's] movements without striving or resisting.The [hizhoohi = techniques (waza) of tsih e'ile'hi] emphasize not onpowerbut in conservation of energy and moderation without going to either extreme.That is why a true [Ha'ashkee = Warrior or Fighter (Bu-BiJiYuTsu-Ga,Bu-BiJiYutsu-Ka, Bu = Fight and/or War, BiJiYutsu = Art, Ga = thesubject of the sentence or clause, Ka = Uncertainty; thus, Fight Artist.Also, Bu-JiYu-Ga = Fight and/or War-Person, Bu-JiYu-Ka = Fight and/orWar-Person, and/or Bu-JiYu = Fight and/or War-Person, of tsih e'ile'hi] neveropposes force (which will create reaction) or gives way completely; a[Ha'ashkee = Warrior (Bu-BiJiYutsu-Ga)] is simply pliable, as a spring. A[Ha'ashkee] seeks to merge harmoniously with the oncoming force of the['indaa and/or ndaa' = enemy]--to be the complement, and not the oppositeof the ndaa' force. [The] mind [of the Ha'ashkee] is no longer distracted bythe 'indaa, "self," or formal hizhoohi = techniques (waza), etc. [AHa'ashkee has] made [the] hizhoohi [of the indaa'] the hizhoohi [of theHa'ashkee]; [The] task [of a Ha'ashkee] is simply to complete the other halfof the "oneness," and the action [of the Ha'ashkee] is that of SpontaneousAct which is according to the circumstances without pre-arrangement. Thetraining of mind and imagination, imagination and Breath, Breath and energy,etc., are all gone. There is nothing to "try" to do; everything simply flows(CHINESE GUNG FU: THE PHILOSOPHICAL ART OF SELF DEFENSE, Bruce Lee,

2005,Ohara Publications, Inc.: Santa Clarita, California, U.S.A., p. 6)." "...the trained [Ha'ashkee] thinks of nothing but his objective...This strategyis termed the technique of a "single mind" or the strategy of "no mind, nohizhoohi" [in essense only reaction, a conditioned reflex].

(SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER - UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIALTACTICS SERIES: KNIFE FIGHTING, KNIFE THROWING FOR COMBAT, Michael D.Echanis, 2009, Ohara, p. 40)

"It is true that the mental aspect in [tsih e'ile'hi] is the desired end;however, in order to achieve this stage, technical skill of the art has tocome first" (Lee, 2005, p. 7).

A Warrior who fights with a stick is called: Ha'ashkee Tsih E'ile'hi(Bu-BoU-BiJiYuTsu-Ga and/or Bu-BoU-BiJiYu-Ka = Fight Stick Artist and/orBu-Bou-BiJiYu-Ga, Bu-BoU-BiJiYu-Ka, and/or Bu-Bou-JiYu = Fight Stick Person).Nagondzoog Tsih E'ile'hi = Fight-with-it and/or War-with-it Stick Art

Of course, when the Japanese words are translated into English, some of thesounds are not pronounced, as was mentioned above. Resulting in, forexample, Bu-Jutsu for Fight Art.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

N. Table of Contents

Open the Search drop-down menu in the editor,choose Find, Enter the Chapter Letter, the word Chapter and its Number, the Chapter Title, and/or the Chapter Letters, Chapter Chapter Sub-head. Numbers, Chapter Titles, Examples: H Chapter1 and Chapter Sub-heads Proper Attire Appendix 1 ------------------------ --------------------------

H. Fi gures (Drawings, Dot Maps, Charts, Graphs, and/or Illustrations)

D. Ta bles

T. In troduction

Chapter 1 The Ts ih

Beads, Paint, Black, Blue, Red, and Feathers

Chapter 2 Pr oper At tire

Loincloths, Shirt, Jacket, Cape, Skirts, Belt, Paint, Colour, Hair, Fringe, Designs, and Symbols

Chapter 3 Wa r Wo rds

Hahashkee, Enraged, Crazy, Tonto, Mojave Stick Men, Gileno, Mimbreno, Jen-ne,

Chapter 4 The As ian Ma rtial Ar ts are Pa rt of Ap ache Tr adition

The Evil One, Men of the Woods, Daughters, Fish, Birds, Homo Erectus, Multi-regionalism, Ainu, and Lost Apaches

Chapter 5 Ig od Ts ih E' ile'hi

Grips, Stance, Postures, Striking Methods &/or Techniques, Thrusts, Combination Techniques, Eight Directions Striking, and 32 Count Practice (Formal Solo Excersize)

Chapter 6 Ot her E' ile'hi De monstrated Du ring the Ha' ashkee Go jital

Knives, Swords, Scabbards, Clubs, and Songs

Chapter 7 Wr iting Ap ache Wo rds

Goodwin, Hoijer, Basso, and Bray

Chapter 8 Ca lendar

Appendix 1 Wo rk-outs

Wo rk-out One, Wo rk-out Two, Wo rk-out Three

Appendix 2 Im portant Da tes in the Li ves of Ap ache Wa rriors

Ge ronimo

Appendix 3 Cl ear Fi gures and Ta bles

C. Bi bliography

Q. Gl ossary

M. In dex

G. Af terword: Wh en So mething Go es Ho rribly, Ho rribly Wr ong in the An thropology Un dergraduate Pr ogramme

R. Co lophon

A. Sh i Hu ck'an Da sja

O. Or der Fo rm-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

H. Figures

Figure 1b Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall buck-skin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres Chapter 2

Figure 1l Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall wool Chapter 2

Figure 2b Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buck-skin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres Chapter 2

Figure 2l Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall wool Chapter 2

Figure 3b Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buck-skin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres Chapter 2

Figure 3l Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall

wool Chapter 2-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Tables

Table 1 Tonto Chapter 3

Table 2 Ways of Thinking Chapter 3

Table 3 Den-ne Chapter 3

Table 4 Vowels Chapter 3

Table 5 Out of Asia Chapter 3

Table 6 Glacial Stages Chapter 4

Table 7 Out of America/Back to Asia Chapter 4

Table 8 Classificatory Noun, Measure, Countre, and Verb Stem System Correspondences in the N'dee, Chinese, and Japanese languages Chapter 4

Table 9 Five Deadly Nerves Chapter 5

Table 10 Five Very Dangerous Nerves Chapter 5

Table 11 Scripts Chapter 7

Table 12 Consonants Chapter 7

Table 13 Seasons (Months) Chapter 8

Table 14 Morning Chapter 8

Table 15 Dates Chapter 8

Table 16 Days Chapter 8

Table 17 Gray (Grey) Chapter 8

Table 18 Truth Tables G. After word-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

T. Introduction

"All the men carry their spears, or bows and arrows, or shields, etc. Whenthey start the first song everyone listens carefully. In the song they willcall the name of one of those head men and say, for instance, "You areabrave man. Let's see you come out before these people and show them how youcan do." Then that leader will step out and all his men will follow him andthey will dance. Those with spears will pretend to lance"...(WESTERN APACHERAIDING AND WARFARE FROM THE NOTES OF GRENVILLE GOODWIN, edited by

Kieth H.Basso with the assistance of E. W. Jernigan and W. B. Kessel, 1993, TheUniversity of Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., p. 248). "Manyof thewomen delight to participate in predatory excursions, urging on the men, andactually taking part in conflicts. They ride like centaurs and handletheirrifles with deadly skill...In the estimate made, no account is taken of thefighting women, who are numerous, well trained, and desparate, oftenexhibiting more real courage than the men (LIFE AMONG THE APACHES, John C.Cremony, 1983, University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., p.142)."

Please keep in mind that concepts like "more," "better," "real," malewarriors, female warriors, etc., and body counts (the number of dead enemiesafter a battle) are Post-Conquest (European) ways of thinking. "Taking noaccount of the fighting women" and honouring all equally, not just thewarriors, for defending their people from genocide in a war of annihilation,is a Native American (American Indian), Asian, and Human way of acting. It'scalled balance, harmony, and Oneness in Asia.

"[Chief = Nant'an] Capotcari [Capot = Chaabit = Beaver and cari = kal'ee = like; Beaverlike] was the name of the N'dee leader. He was a bold, capable wight and, withal, an insolent one. In the parley that took place after [Nant'an = Chief] Coro [the most redoubtable fighter of the Pima nation] arrived on the scene [Rancheria Santa Cruz (Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona) Nant'an] Capotcari made fun of Coro and his band, calling them women, and declaring that the Spaniards, with whom they were allied, were poltroons. He said he had killed many Pimas and Spaniards, and dared [Nant'an] Coro, instead of fighting a general battle, to match 10 Pimas against 10 of his party and fight it out in this way. Nothing daunted, [Nant'an] Coro accepted his proposal and picked 10 brave Pimas to meet [Nant'an] Capotcari's ten. [Nant'an] Capotcari, as daring as he was abusive and boastful, led his band in person [N'dee leaders are famous for actually leading from the front in battle]. The N'deewere

very effective in offensive warfare, with spears and bows and arrows, but they were not so good at warding off the missiles of their foes. The Pimas were good in both defensive and offensive battle. Verysoon nine of the N'dee were either killed or out of the fighting; so [Nant'an] Capotcari was left to bear the brunt of the fight. He was so skillful that he could catch with his hand the arrows that were launched at him. But when the antagonist who had engaged him saw this, he rushed upon him, threw him to the ground, and pounded him to death with a stone."

"It was a great victory, indeed, for the Pimas. Perhaps never before had the N'dee [probably the Chiricahua or possibly the Nedni (Jicarilla)] suffered a defeat so impressive." (THE APACHE INDIANS, Frank C. Lockwood, 1987, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 14 and15)

..."we fought mainly with spears, bows, and arrows. At first I had a spear, a bow, and a few arrows; but in a short time my spear and all my arrows were gone...It was necessary during this fight for manyof the warriors to leave their horses and escape on foot."

"About ten days later...attacked our new camp at sunrise. The fight lasted all day, but our arrows and spears were all gone before [10:00 a.m.; mid-morning (Dahbida: 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.; Dah = ten and bida = before)], and for the remainder of the day we had only rocks and clubs with which to fight. We could do little damage with these weapons"...(GERONIMO: HIS OWN STORY, edited by S. M. Barrett andnewly edited with an Introduction and Notes by Frederick W. Turner III,1970, E. P. Dutton and Company: New York (N.Y.), New York (N.Y.), U.S.A., p. 128).

"The way they fought with spears was to hold them in their hands all the timeand fence with them. They did not throw them. If you threw them thenyou

were lost and had no spear (Basso, 1993, p. 236)." A spear is thrown and alance is held. Don't throw away your tsih.

* "Throwing out hypotheses about throwing"

http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/behavior/throwing-roach-evolution-2013. html-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 1

The Tsih ---------

First and foremost, no one will ever do anything with the intention ofinjuring and\or killing anyone during training.

The igod tsih = short stick (JiYoU BoU and/or ShiYoU BoU; JiYoU and ShiYoU= Jo in English, with BoU dropped. When BoU is used by itself, it means thelonger stick as opposed to the shorter stick). The length of the Jo (shortstick) when stood vertically in front of the Ha'ashkee, is between thelevelof the Ha'ashkee solar plexus and the top of the Ha'ashkee head; usually atthe top of the Ha'ashkee head (JO: ART OF THE JAPANESE SHORT STAFF, DaveLowry, 2005, Ohara, p. 30). The average height of an adult Japanese maleduring the 1500s, when igod tsih e'ile'hi = short stick art (JiYoU BoUBiJiYuTsu = JoJutsu) was developed, was 5 feet. The n'deez tsih = longstick (BoU) is between 4 feet and 13 feet; usually between 6 feet and 9 feetwith 6 feet the standard (BO: KARATE WEAPON OF SELF-DEFENSE, Fumio Demura,2006, Ohara, p. 17 and KUNG FU DRAGON POLE, William Cheung, 2005, Ohara).The main difference between the igod tsih and the n'deez tsih is how they aregripped. The igod tsih is gripped with one hand at one end of it and thesecond hand about 6 inches to 12 inches (1 foot) away from the first hand,with the rest of the igod tsih sticking out beyond the second hand (Lowry,2005, p. 36). The n'deez tsih is gripped with both hands "centered along thelength of the bena'itseedi [weapon]" (Fumio, 2006, pp. 22 and 23). Inotherwords, the n'deez tsih sticks out beyond both hands. However, Grand MasterCheung grips a very long pole with a short grip.

* Long Pole by William Cheung http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f23HVnmTmUE&sns=fb

William Cheung Long Pole http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvrnJyuUyEE&sns=fb

The average height of an Apache (N'dee and/or Ndee) man during the 1800s wasroughly 5 1/2 feet (5 feet and 6 1/2 inches to be exact) and a woman was 5feet (Turner, 1970, p. 31). The length of N'dee and/or Ndee (Apache)

lancesvaried greatly. Some were 4 1/2 feet, 6 feet (2 yards), 8 or 9 feet (3yards), 8 to 10 feet (Basso, 1993, pp. 234, 235, 1993, and 236), averaging 7feet, and as long as 12 feet (4 yards) (APACHES: A HISTORY AND CULTUREPORTRAIT, James L. Haley, 1981, Doubleday and Company, Inc., Garden City,N.Y., U.S.A., p. 113). "The Lipan's instruments of war included bows andarrows, lances which may have been as long as ten feet or more and requiredtwo hands to throw, pikes, spears, war clubs, slings, hatchets, knives, andsticks" (THE LIPAN APACHES: PEOPLE OF WIND AND LIGHTNING, Thomas A. Britten,2011, University of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque, N.M., U.S.A., p. 13)."The lance was 15 feet (5 yards) long..." (THE APACHE INDIANS, Frank C.Lockwood, 1987, University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, Nebraska (NE),U.S.A., p. 59 and APACHE VOICES: THEIR STORIES OF SURVIVAL AS TOLD TOEVEBALL, Sherry Robinson, 2000, Uiversity of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque,N.M., U.S.A., p. 188). Therefore, N'dee Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal = ApacheAngriness Dancing includes N'deez Tsih E'ile'hi as well as Igod TsihE'ile'hi. There may be a connection between the words n'deez and N'dee.

"The shaft of the spear [lance] was usually painted: the upper half to thepoint was usually painted blue, or black if they had no blue; the lower half,butt end, was usually painted red, or sometimes left plain. Right at thepoint end of the handle were tied two eagle feathers (Basso, 1993, p. 236).""The half of the handle from the middle to the point we coated with pitch andthen rubbed black charcoal paint on it to make it all black. Around the headof the spear [lance] - only when we went to nagondzoog (war with it) -wetied a piece of red cloth (Basso, 1993, p. 237)." "Western N'dee lances wereusually plain or simply decorated with blue paint along the upper shaft andred along the lower, with perhaps one or two eagle feathers at the base ofthe point. Mescalero and Jicarilla lances, even when the same size asthe

Western, were much more conspiciously decorated and sometimes beaded...theymight...be tufted with an enemy scalp (Haley, 1981, p. 113)."-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 2

Proper Attire -------------

"Although training with the [tsih] may be done in any comfortable, loosefitting clothes, proper attire goes a long way in establishing a correctspirit and attitude about the [e'ile'hi] (Lowry, 2005, p. 32)."

Both women and men can wear loincloths. Mojave women and men also woreloincloths (AMERICAN INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST, Bertha P. Dutton, 1983,University of New Mexico Press, p. 169) and the classic Western N'deeloincloth was apparently adopted from the Mojave.

"The costume worn by the men he described as being a gee string (loincloth),moccasins with rawhide soles and buckskin uppers which came as far as theknee, and a headband of buckskin painted red."

"In cold weather a shirt, or jacket with sleeves, on which they leave thehair, tanning the inside only, is worn."

"There were two girls dressed only in gee-strings (loincloths) and a boy withno clothes at all."

"Even though at a cold time of year, this old woman was wearing only ageestring, a sort of small buckskin cape about her shoulders, and a good pair ofhigh moccasins."

"The man wore buckskin clothing, a gee-string, and moccasins..."

(THE APACHE DIARIES: A FATHER-SON JOURNEY, Grenville Goodwin and NeilGoodwin, 2000, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 39, 94, 125, and 233).

Loincloths are of any solid colour with no designs. They usually extend toankles in back and to knees in front; similiar to the Mojave. The Mojavewoman's dress also hung to the ankles in back and to the knees in front.(Dutton, 1983, p. 169). An ankle-length back part makes sitting on hot,sandy desert ground much more comfortable. The Lipan loincloth hung toankles in front (Britten, 2009, p. 225). The rear flap of the loincloth canbe drawn between the legs to the front and tucked into the belt aroundthewaist (that holds up the loincloth) along with the front flap (APACHESMOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS: FOUR GENERATIONS OF A FAMILY, Ruth McDonald Boyer andNarcissus Duffy Gayton, 1992, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, Oklahoma(OK), U.S.A., pp. 34 and 43).

The length of a loincloth is determined by adding 6 inches to one's height.So, a loincloth for someone 6 feet (72 inches) tall would be 6 1/2 feet (78inches) long. The width would be the same as the circumference of thewearer's waist. Someone with a 3 foot (36 inches) waist would have a 3 footwide loincloth. When worn, it is twisted once in the middle length-wisewith the twist worn between the person's legs. The shorter flap hangsdownover the belt in front for 22 inches. The longer flap hangs down overthebelt in back for 27 inches. 1 1/2 inch long belt loops can be added. 4loops in front and 5 in back (with one of the five in the middle of theothers; the two outside loops in front and the two outside loops in back arenext to each side edge). This leaves 26 inches between the front set ofloops and the back set. Because the loincloth is twisted once betweentheperson's legs when worn, one set of loops (the front, for example) would beon one side of the loincloth and the other set (the back) would be on the

other side, when it is laid flat.

Figure 1b Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres

.....+---------+

.....|....^....|...^

.....|....|....|...|

.....|22 inches|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|...|

.....X..X...X..X...|..<----------four 1 3/4 inch long

.....|....^....|...|.............belts loops in front

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|26 inches|.6 1/2 feet..<---twisted here in

.....|....|....|.(78 inches).....middle between legs

.....|....|....|.long

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|...|

.....X.X..X..X.X...|..<----------five 1 3/4 inch long belt

.....|....^....|...|.............loops in back on other side

.....|....|....|...|.............of fabric when loincloth

.....|....|....|...|.............is laid flat as shown

.....|27 inches|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|...v

.....+---------+

.....|.........|

.....|.1 yard..|

.....|(3 feet).|

.....|(36 inch)|

.....|..wide...|

Figure 1l Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall wool

.....+-------------+

.....|......^......|...^

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..29 inches..|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...|

.....X....X...X....X...|..<------four 1 3/4 inch long

.....|......^......|...|.........belts loops in front

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..34 inches..|.103 inches..<---twisted here in

.....|......|......|.long middle between legs

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...|

.....X..X...X...X..X...|..<------five 1 3X4 inch long belt

.....|......^......|...|.........loops in back on other side

.....|......|......|...|.........of fabric when loincloth

.....|......|......|...|.........is laid flat as shown

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..36 inches..|...|

.....|..(3 feet)...|...|

.....|..(1 yard)...|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...v

.....+-------------+

.....|.............|

.....|..48 inches..|

.....|...(4 feet)..|

.....|.(1 1/3 yds).|

.....|....wide.....|

* Wool shrinks (loses) 25% of its length and width over the life of the fabric.

Both women and men can wear knee-length skirts that are loose fitting,untailored (without sewn pleats), and solid coloured with traditional N'deedesigns . There can be decorative fringe at the hemline and othertraditional places. The Gaan Bits'id Tiye = Purple Crown Holy-People orGaande'yu = Purple Holy-People are some of the Bik'ehgo'ihi'nan = Godswho are called: Ja-ja-deh or Jaade = Pronghorn (American) Antelopesand/orEuropean Antelopes (see Homo-Erectus, below) and wear skirts. Male N'deerepresent them during ceremonies (Boyer and Gayton, 1992, pp. 43, 80 and 223,THE MESCALERO APACHES, 2nd edition, C. L. Sonnichsen, 1982, UniversityofOklahoma Press: OK, U.S.A., p. 94, and Haley, 1981, pp. 46-47). Skirts mayhave been worn before loincloths were worn. The Purple Holy-People withoutthe Crowns are also called Clowns and/or Grey Ones. Figure 2 shows theskirt described by Geronimo (Goyaa'Le = He-is-Wise-Let-it-be-so).

Figure 2b Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural

vegetable fibres

.....+---------+.................Front Piece of Skirt

.....|....^....|...^.............--------------------

.....|.21 inch.|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|.45 1/2

.....X..X...X..X.inches.<--------four 1 3/4 inch long

.....|....^....|.long............belts loops in front

.....|22 1/2 in|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|...v

.....+---------+

.....|.1 yard..|

.....|<3 feet).|

.....|(36 inch)|

.....|..wide...|

.....+---------+.................Back Piece of Skirt

.....|....^....|...^.............-------------------

.....|23 1/2 in|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|.47 1/2

.....X.X..X..X.X.inches.<--------five 1 3/4 inch long

.....|....^....|.long............belt loops in back

.....|.22 inch.|...|

.....|....|....|...|

.....|....v....|...v

.....+---------+

The front piece and the back piece are hung over the belt which is around the wearer's waist such that the bottom edges of both pieces are level with each other. The back piece is one inch more than the the front piece in order to allow for the extra length needed to hang over the wearer's buttocks. Also, the belt in the front of the wearer tends to hang a little lower than the belt in the back of the wearer.

Figure 2l Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall wool

.....+-------------+.............Front Piece of Skirt

.....|......^......|...^.........--------------------

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..29 1/2 in..|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...58

.....X....X...X....X.inches.<----four 1 3/4 inch long

.....|......^......|.long........belts loops in front

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..28 1/2 in..|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...v

.....+-------------+

.....|..48 inches..|

.....|...(4 feet)..|

.....|.(1 1/3 yds).|

.....|....wide.....|

.....+-------------+.............Back Piece of Skirt

.....|......^......|...^ -------------------

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..29 1/2 in..|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...60

.....X..X...X...X..X.inches.<----five 1 3/4 inch long

.....|......^......|.long........belt loops in back

.....|......|......|...|

.....|..30 1/2 in..|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......|......|...|

.....|......v......|...v

.....+-------------+

Another traditional skirt is the wrap style seen in most pictures of thepurple crown holy dancers. It's worn the same as Scottish and Irish kiltsand the lower part of the Scottish belted plaids.

Figure 3b Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres

.....+----------------------------------------------+

.....|..............................................|...^

.....|<----------------2 2/3 yards----------------->|...|

.....|..................(8 feet)....................|...|

.....|soft................wide.......other side.....|...|

.....|velcro.........................hard velcro....|...|

.....||..................middle..............|......|.1 1/3 yards

.....|v.....................v................v......|.(4 feet) eight 1 3/4.....|O...X.....X.....X.....X.....X.....X....OX.....X.(48 inches) <-inch long.....|^...^.....^.....^.....^.....^.....^.....^....^|.high........belts loops.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||...|.........X.and one.....|21 inches up....22.inches..up.....21 inches up|...|.........1 3/4 inch

.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||...|.........longvelcro.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||...|.........O,.1foot.....||...v.....v.....v.....v.....v.....v.....v....v|...v.........apart.....+----------------------------------------------+

.....The Belt loops are about 1 foot apart from each other.

Figure 3l Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall wool

.....+----------------------------------------------+

.....|..............................................|...^

.....|<------------------4 yards------------------->|...|

.....|..................(12 feet)...................|.1 2/3 yards

.....|soft................wide.......other side.....|.(5 feet)

.....|velcro.........................hard velcro....|.(60 inches)

.....||..................middle..............|......|...up to

.....|v.....................v................v......|.2 yards eight 1 3/4.....|O...X.....X.....X.....X.....X.....X....OX.....X.(6 feet) <--inchlong.....|^...^.....^.....^.....^.....^.....^.....^....^|.(72 inches).beltloops.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||.high........X.and one.....|24 inches up....25.inches..up.....24 inches up|...|.........1 3/4 inch.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||...|.........longvelcro.....||...|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|....||...|.........O,.1foot.....||...v.....v.....v.....v.....v.....v.....v....v|...v.........apart.....+----------------------------------------------+

Straight shirts are put on by pulling them over the head, are of any solidcolour, and with traditional designs. There can be decorative fringe overthe shoulders and at the wrists (Haley, 1981, p. 94-95, INDEH, AN APACHEODYSSEY, Eve Ball with Nora Henn and Lynda Sanchez, 1980, Brigham YoungUniversity Press: Provo, Utah, U.S.A., frontispiece and pp. 1, 212, 226, and247, and Boyer and Gayton, 1992, p. 43). "The [holy] shirt was anartistically ornamented shirt of buckskin. The decorations were symbolic ofthe sun, the moon, the stars, hail, rain, lightening, rainbow, and clouds,among elemental objects, and of the snake, the centipede, and the

tarantulaamong animals. The [holy] shirt also possessed the magical quality ofproviding security for the Ha'ashkee against the arrows and bullets of[their] foe." (Lockwood, 1987, p. 65) They hang to about mid-thigh (THEAPACHE FRONTIER: JACOBO UGARTE AND SPANISH-INDIAN RELATIONS IN NORTHERNSPAIN, 1769-1791, Max L. Moorhead, 1976, University of Oklahoma Press,p.242) and can also be sleeveless (VIEWS FROM THE APACHE FRONTIER: REPORT ONTHE NORTHERN PROVINCES OF NEW SPAIN, BY JOSE CORTES, LIEUTENANT IN THEROYALCORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1799, Elizabeth A. H. John, editor and John Wheat,translator, 1989, University of Oklahoma Press). These sleeveless shirts(ponchos and/or vests) of the 1700s are the same as the tops worn bygirls/women during the maidenhood ceremony - with different symbols, ofcourse.

* The symbols of 'Ndaa'Ke'O'N'dee (Enemies Against Power = Ndaa-Ke-O-Ndi and/or NdaahKehOhNdi) are the North Star and the Morning Star (for locating the enemy).

The symbols of 'Isdzanaadleehe (Changing Woman, White Painted Woman, and/or She is Painted White Again) are Sunbeams, the Crescent Moon, the Morning Star (for locating the enemy), and the Rainbow.

A belt, such as worn by the Lipan, can be worn around the shirt and isusedto carry pouches of food and ammunition, water bottles, knives, etc (Boyerand Gayton, 1992, pp. 43 and 90). Of course, the belt can be worn withoutany equipment attached. It signifies nothing beyond its utilitarian function(Lowry, 2005, p. 32).

"Elijah Hicks, a Cherokee delegate to a large gathering of Indians fortreatydiscussions in 1846, commented that Lipan women dressed in buckskin capes..."(Britten, 2009, p. 3).

The fabric for the clothing can be any fabric that is commonly used forclothing; such as: linen, synthetics, cotton, wool, and blends of thesefibres, as well as buck-skin.

Traditionally, men and women wore virtually the same clothes. The

cape ofthe Lipan may be the only thing worn by women only. Both men and womenshould wear garments on their upper bodies as well as their lower bodieswhile practicing with others, so that they aren't distracted by modernPostConquest European prejudices.

It almost goes without saying that all of the attire can be plain without anydesigns, decorations, and/or ornaments. The personal wealth of the Ha'ashkeeis unimportant and therefore, it doesn't matter whether the Ha'ashkee attireis plain or decorated. A grey sweat-shirt (representing the traditionalshirts, holy shirts, and jackets) for the top, from Walmart is appropriatefor training.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 3

War Words ---------

We must keep our minds free from negative thoughts and for this reason, wemust not make negative statements, such as "I can't do that movement",whichnot only weakens us, but has a dispiriting effect on others. We mustconsider the effects of our expressions and actions upon others. If we speakto people in a discouraging manner, not only can it weaken them, but if we

succeed in depressing others, this in turn "poisons" our own environment.This can then make us feel less than positive and vigorous. Soon, we maycreate a sort of "vicious cycle" through this kind of negative behaviour, andin fact, this is a frequent cause of lack of accord within a family orevenwhithin society as a whole. We must always use positive, encouraging wordswhen addressing others.

The title Ha'ashkee (Hahashkee = Ha-ashkee) in Spanish is spelled: Jasquie.

"It is customary among most of the groups, especially among the Mimbreno [N'dee] and Gilano [N'dee] to prefix the title Jasquie to one who has made himself known for his daring and gallantry, which is the meaning of the aforementioned word" (John, 1989, p.69).

"...individuals who are `enraged' (hashkee) are also irrational or `crazy' (bini'edih). In this condition, it is said, they "forget who they are" and become oblivious to what they say and do. Concomitantly, they lose all concern for the consequences of their action on other people. In a word, they are dangerous." "Said one consultant,"

"When people get mad, they get crazy. Then they start yelling and saying bad things. Some say they are going to kill somebody for what he has done. Some keep it up that way for a long time, maybe walk from camp to camp, real angry, yelling, crazy like that. They keep it up for a long time, some do."

"People like that don't know what they are saying, so you can't tell about them...He will be crazy, and he could try to kill you."

"Another Apache said, "When someone gets mad at you and starts yelling...he may just get worse and try to hurt you."

(WESTERN APACHE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: ESSAYS IN LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY, Keith H. Basso, 1990, The University of Arizona Press: Tuscon, Arizona, U.S.A., pp. 88-90)

The N'dee nation can be divided into Eastern and Western. The Western has tribes named Tonto. Tonto is Spanish for "Fool, Stupid, Silly, Dolt, Dumb, Clown, Mischievous, Restless, and

Idiot." The Spanish spelling of the Apache/Navajo name for the Tontos is "Vinniettinen-ne."

Table 1 Tonto

.....Spanish

.....Navajo.....Apache.....English

.....-------....------.....-------

.....Vinni......Bini'......Brain; the Spanish used

...........................Navajo interpreters

...........................(Moorhead, 1976, pp. 177,

...........................180, 182) from the

...........................Canoncito band ([Dine'e

...........................Ana'i] = Navajo Enemy),

...........................V and B are equivalent

...........................(DINE: A HISTORY OF THE

...........................NAVAJOS, Peter Iverson,

...........................2002, University of New

...........................Mexico Press, pp. 18 and

...........................29)

.....etti.......edih.......dead/missing

.....nen-ne.....nnee.......people/Apache

................N'dee......people/Apache

.....dine..................people/Navajo

.....dene..................people/Navajo

.....Vinniettinen-ne

................Bi-ne-e-dine

...........................Brains-Dead-People

...........................Brains-Missing-People

...........................Brainsless-People

...........................No-Brains-People

...........................Dead-Brains-People

...........................Missing-Brains-People

...........................People-Missing-Brains

................Bini'adih..He-is-insane

................Bini'edih..He-is-crazy

Tonto, Ha'ashkee, and Warrior are equivalent. A more accurate explanation ofthe name Tonto in 1791 may be that the Navajo interpreters working fortheSpaniards were refering to the Mojave and related tribes. In that case, thename Tonto would indicate that the Navajo could not understand these unusualkinds of "Apache." To the Navajo, the Mojave, Yavapai, Mojave-Apache,Yavapai-Apache, Southern Tonto, Northern Tonto, and Payson Tonto were code

talkers or talking gibberish and wearing funny loincloths and skirts. Maybe,one or more of the Navajo interpreters had been brought East by their newSpanish "blood brothers" to meet the "Great White Father" in Madrid, Spain,where they also attended a circus, saw clowns, and adopted a whole newway ofthinking about others. Then the Navajo knew everything (if you don't believeme, just ask the Hopi). When they got back they were so smart that for thenext 150 years they didn't need to write down anything ("How Those Navajo GotSo Smart;" variants appear in "Those Navajo Travel to the `Great WhiteHouse'of the Sun (East = Black = Death)," "Coyote Brings Back Death," and "Navajoare Like Coyotes").

Table 2 Ways of Thinking

.....Old Way of Thinking.....New Way of Thinking (Dualism)

.....--------------------....----------------------------------------

.....What can we learn.......Civilized...Europeans...|..Savages

.....from our neighbors..............................|

.....and what do we have.....Peaceful....Europeans...|..Enemies

.....to share with them?.............................|

.....("Love your neighbor....Generous....Europeans...|..Useless

.....as yourself.")..................................|..Eaters |.............................Rich........Europeans...|..Trespassers.....................................................|..and Thieves.....................................................|..on the land.....................................................|..over all of.....................................................|..which our God.....................................................|..gave us.....................................................|..dominion.....................................................|.............................Educated and............|..Clowns.............................Intelligent Europeans...|..and.....................................................|..Idiots

.............................("The love of tools is the root of all evil.")

* Connor, Steve

"Is it natural for humans to make war? New study of tribal societies reveals conflict is an alien concept "

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/is-it-natural-for-humans-to-make

-war-new-study-of-tribal-societies-reveals-conflict-is-an-alien-concept -8718069.html

Western religion is all about going back to basics.

The Chiricahua N'dee later applied the name Tonto to the White MountainApache Tribe (W. M. A. T.; Dzil Ligai Si'aani N'dee = Mountain White It-lies(a bulky object) Apache = ) and other nearby tribes because of the hostilitybetween the Chiricahua and those tribes. The existance of the tribes ofMojave-Apache, Yavapai-Apache, and Payson Tonto Apache, the use by theWestern Apache of the Mojave loincloth and maybe, apron as well, and thepractice of the Western Apache of "fencing" with their spears like theMojave"Stick Men," (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, EncyclopaediaBritannica, Inc., 2007: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., v. 8, p. 226; alsosee p.150, MYTHS AND TALES OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE, Grenville Goodwin, with aNew Preface by Tribal Chairman Ronnie Lupe and a New Forward by Elizabeth A.Brandt, Bonnie Lavender-Lewis, and Philip J. Greenfeld, 1994, The Universityof Arizona Press: Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.), indicate that the name "Tonto"was a misunderstanding on the part of the Navajo interpreters; with a littlehelp from their friends, the Gileno Apache (Water (Rio Gila) Last HerePeople).

On the 1791 map, the Tonto (N'dee) are actually the Mohave and relatedtribes. The Gileno are the San Carlos N'dee, Southern Tonto N'dee, NorthernTonto N'dee, Cibicue N'dee, Eastern Dzil Ligai Si'aani N'dee, Payson TontoN'dee, and Western Dzil Ligai Si'aani N'dee (Coyotero).

The Navajo name for the Gileno N'dee is Tju-Iccujen-ne and their name for theMimbreno N'dee is Iccujen-ne:

Table 3 Den-ne

.....jen-ne = den-ne

..............dene

..............dine

..............din..= this one/this person

........-ne = -nee = we/us

..............-n...= nominalizer (indicating a person)

.....................and/or you

.........-e = -i...= indefinate pronoun, somebody,

.....................something, and/or I

Cu = ku = here and ike' = last. Tju and/or Tu = Water; in this casethe Rio Gila. The N'dee used these names themselves. Therefore, the N'deename of the Gileno N'dee (Western Apache) means "Water (Rio Gila) LastHerePeople." The N'dee name of the Mimbreno N'dee means "Last Here People)."Geronimo (Goyaa'Le = He-is-Wise-Let-it-be-so) indicated that his tribewasthe Mimbreno and the name of the Mimbreno was "At the Front at the EndPeople" (Bedonkohe). However, these tribal designations were not usedby theN'dee before the Spaniards showed up with their new Spanish "blood brothers,"those Navajo interpreters. The word N'dee and/or Ndee may be a corruption ofthe European word India and/or Indian. However, see the next chapter,chapter 4. The name used by the Apache for themselves may have been Jen-ne(Dene and/or Dine), the same as the Navajo. The names N'dee, Ndee, 'Ndaa,and Ndaa' used by the Spanish and their new "blood brothers" to indicatetheir Apache enemies are titles of honour that should be used by anyone andeveryone who consider themselves to be the Apache Resistance.

The Mimbreno (Iccujen-ne = Last Here People) may be a branch of the Gileno(Water (Rio Gila) Last Here People). The Gileno are likely a branch of theNavajo. The Mimbreno (Iccujen-ne) included a Southern band (that of Nant'anGoyaa'Le) and a Northern band (the Ch'ihenna' = Out-of-Life, The-Dead,and/orWarm Spring (Ojo Caliente), that of Nant'an Victorio (Bida'Yu =At-the-Edge-of-It = At the boundary between life and death)

"Why is it that the 'Ndaa want to die - that they carry their lives on their finger nails? They roam over the hills and plains and want the heavens to fall on them." Asked Nant'an Cochise (Big Oak Trunk; Co = Cho = Big, Chise = Chich'il Bitsin; Chich'il = Oak and Bitsin = Stem of plant;). (Boyer and Gayton, 1992, p. 57)

According to Cremony (1983, p. 243), in the 1880s, the Apache resistanceconsisted of the Southern and Northern bands of Iccujen-ne - the "At-the-Front-at-the-End-People" and the "Out-of-Life-" and/or the "Dead" "People;"the Chiricahua tribe of Nant'an Naiche (Na'ts'iditsii = He Stirs It), andthe Nedni (Enemy People = Enemies Against Power People = Ndaa'Ke'O'N'dee =Jicarilla N'dee; Southern Jicarilla) band of Nant'an Juh (Who and/or (Whoa;Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui = He-Brings-Many-Things-With-Him). Earlier, in June 1876,the members of the Resistance elected Juh (Jui) as Nant'an. After he died,the Resistance elected Na'ts'iditsii as Nant'an. This tribe of the ApacheResistance called themselves Shis-Inday (I\We-Enemy) and Forest People.According to Dorothy Bray (editor, in collaboration with the White MountainApache Tribe, 2002, WESTERN APACHE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY: A COMMUNITY-GENERATEDBILINGUAL DICTIONARY. Bilingual Press/Editorial Bilingue: Tempe, Arizona,U.S.A., p. xvi), there are no sounds in the English language to represent thedouble aa of 'Ndaa and Ndaa' nor the double ee of N'dee or Ndee. The singlea is pronounced like a in father and the single e is like the e in get. But,the single a is closer in sound to the a in "day" than is the single eandInday means Enemy, rather than People (Indee).

Table 4 Vowels

.....Broad Vowels....Narrow Vowels

.....------------....-------------

..........a..........e

..........o..........i

..........u

Goyhaa'Le equated the words Apache and Enemy in his autobiography, as did anN'dee ('Ndaa) in 1970 (Goodwin and Goodwin, 2000, p. 234). The tribe ofNant'an Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui was named: Nde-Nda-I (People-Enemy = Nedni). TheNavajo interpreters recorded the name of the Jicarilla (Farones in Spanish)

as Yntajen-ne. As cited above:

jen-ne = den-ne = dene = dine = people

Ynta means: 'Ndaa and/or Ndaa' = Enemy. Yntajen-ne means Enemy People.According to the Spanish, the Plains N'dee, which included the Jicarilla,were in the area of the tribe of Nant'an Tan-Din-Bil-No-Jui who lived aroundthe borders of present-day Sonora, Republic of Mexico (Mexico); Chihuahua,Mexico, and Arizona, U.S.A. The power or medicine named: Ndaa'ke'o'N'deeand/or Ndaa-keh-ho-Ndi (Enemies-Against-Power People) may have originatedwith the Jicarilla (Yntajen-ne = "Ndaa'Ndee" = Enemy People). The ApacheResistance against the European genocide began in the area of the present-dayJicarilla Reservation around the border of New Mexico and Colorado.'Ndaa'ke'o'N'dee (Enemies Against Power People) would be what those Apacheswere and that which they had.

When the N'dee went to war, they used a war vocabulary in place of everydayspeech. They also did not use their regular names for themselves. Forexample, Nant'an Goyaa'Le (Goyakla) rearranged the syllables in his name andwent by the name of Go'Leyaa (Goklaya) during war. The existance of twonames for many N'dee has greatly vexed anthropologists for more than 100years.

The Nant'an of the Southern and Northern Mimbreno was Mangus Colorado (RedSleeves; Kan-da-zis-tlish-ish-en and/or Kan-Da-zis-Tlish-en: Kan = Gaan(Bits'id Tiye) = Purple Crown Holy-Person and/or Gaande'yu = PurpleHoly-Person (The Clown and/or The Grey One), Da-zis = Daa iltsog = it wasyellow (past), Tlish = Hishtlish = Brown, ish = Shis = I and/or I am, and En= person). His N'dee name was Gaande'yu (and/or Gaan-Bits'id Tiye)-Daailtsog-Hishtlish-Ish-en = Purple-Holy-Person (The Clown, and/or The Grey One)(and/or Purple Crown Holy dancer Yellow-Brown I-am-Dancer. NantanGaande'yu-Daa iltsog-Hishtlish-Ish-En would seem to have gone by the name ofKan-Da-zis-Tlish-en during war. The N'dee were very close to the

Spaniards,geographically and economically, among other ways, and Spanish was a secondlanguage. The Spaniards also used interpreters among the N'dee who were morespies than translators. The N'dee developed code-talking in order to foolthe Spaniards and their new N'dee "blood brothers" ("translators"). TheSpaniards tried to counter this by giving the N'dee Spanish names. When theAmericans concentrated the N'dee on reservations because of "ManifestDestiny," they tried to stay on top of the situation by tattooing or brandingthe N'dee on their foreheads and issuing them dog-tags that they were forcedto show on ration day in order recieve the garbage that their new "GreatWhite Father" called food.

* The Apache Kid (Has-kay-Bay-nay-ntayl; Has-kay = Ha'ashkee = Angry and/or Warrior, Bay-nay = Bine' = He is, Nteel = Wide. Ha'ashkee Bine' Nteel = Warrior He is Extremely) was tattooed or branded with a W on his fore-head, meaning Warrior, . He was probably extremely pissed off as well.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 4

The Asian Martial Arts are Part of Apache Tradition

-----------------

The N'dee (Apache) and Japanese languages are related. Some of the parts ofthe languages are the same and may have come from Paleo-Siberian or even fromas long ago as the language of Homo Erectus Neandertal or Homo ErectusErgaster. The following two tables (Table 5 and Table 6) show influences,only. In other words, a high probable correlation, rather than cause andeffect or evolution. For example, the word Dene may have been used byNeandertal people and entered into the languages of their neighbors. So, theWelsh aren't necessarily Neandertal. Refer to Hawks for any more directconnections.

Table 5 Out of Asia

......................Homo Erectus Ergaster

......................---------------------

...........1. Oldowan Industry - p. 98 and Hawks

...........2. Abbevillian (Chellian) Ind. - p. 98

...........3. Acheulian Ind. - p. 98 and Hawks

...........---------------------------------------

.............................|

..............Homo (Erectus seu Sapiens) Palaeohungaricus

..............-------------------------------------------

..............1. Acheulian Ind. - p. 103 and Hawks

..............2. Mousterian Ind. - p. 111

..............----------------------------

.............................|

...............--------------------------------

...............|......................|.......|1. San (!Kung and G/wi)..............|......Altaic2. and Cro-Magnon....................|......(Homo Erectus Neandertal,Hawks)....(Homo Erectus Sapiens)............|......--------------------------------....----------------------............|......1. Acheulian Ind. - p. 111, 115....1. Chatelperronian Ind...........|..........and Hawks....2. Perigordian Ind...............|......2. Mousterian Ind. - p. 105....3. Aurignacian Ind. - p. 117.....|......----------------------------........(Killer of Enemies)...........|...................|....4. Gravettian Ind................|...................|....-------------------...............|...................|...........|..........................|...................| ------------------------------------------------......................................|...............................Palaeo-Siberian

............................(Homo Erectus Sapiens)

......................................|

.................................Dene-Yeniseian

................................---------------

......................................|

.........------------------------------------------------------

.........|............................|.......................|

......Na-Dene...............Solutrean Ind. p. 117..........Tungusic

......-------...............(Clovis).......................-------

.........|..................---------------------.............|

.....Athabascan.......................|.....................Korean

.....----------..................Dene-Celtic................------

.........|.......................[Tuatha De...................|

....N'dee/Navajo.................Danaan (Dana..............Japanese

....(Child of the................Danu, Daoine,.............--------

....Waters)......................Dene, and/or

....------------.................Dine)], Coille

.................................Daoine

.................................(Dene and/or

.................................Dine) and/or

.................................[(Caledonii,

.................................Cale-Daoine

.................................(Cale-Dene

.................................and/or Cale-

.................................Dine)], and/or

.................................Cruith Neachd

.................................-------------

* Killer of Enemies (Ndaa' Yizilhee; Slayer of Monsters (Naaye'nezghane); and Bilna'nooltl'iije (With Him Marked Down in Zigzag Line (-on Him)))

Child of the Waters (Born from Water; Thubahch'istshine)

HISTORY OF THE PRIMATES: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FOSSIL MAN, fifth edition, W. E. LeGros Clark, 1968, University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

"There is reason to suppose that this new population, the Aurignacians [Ndaa' Yizilhee], having developed their distinctive culture elsewhere, probably in Asia [Beringia], migrated into Europe and, with their superior social organization, quickly displaced Mousterian [Neandertal] Man [People] and occupied his [their] territory (p. 117)." ---------------------------------------------------------------

"Blond as a window to ancient pigmentation variation" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/genetics/pigmentation/kenny-melanesia- blond-2012.html

"The 'braided stream' at year-end" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/news/finlayson-braided-stream-2013.html

"NEANDERTALS LIVE!" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/neandertals/neandertal_dna/neandertals- live-genome-sequencing-2010.html

"A new early modern human genome from Siberia" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/genomics/ancient/ust-ishim/ust-ishim- conference-announcement-2014.html

"Mailbag: Where did Neandertals come from?" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/mailbag/neanderancestors-when-where-2011.html

"The Altai Neandertal" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/neandertals/neandertal_dna/altai- neandertal-genome-2013.html

"Another Aurignacian Neandertal, or just dinner?" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/early_modern/europe/les-rois-2009- aurignacian.html

"Infographic: Field guide to Pleistocene hookups" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/humor/field-guide-pleistocene-hookups- 2013.html

"Who colonized the European Arctic?" http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/early_modern/arctic/pavlov_2001_arctic_ europe.html ---------------------------------------------------------------

"New DNA analysis shows ancient humans interbred with Denisovans: Nature, News, & Comment"

http://www.nature.com/news/new-dna-analysis-shows-ancient-humans-interbred -with-denisovans-1.11331

"Yet contemporary residents of mainland Asia do not seem to posses Denisovian traces in their DNA, a "very curious" fact," Hawks says. "We're looking at a very interesting population scenario that does not jibe entirely with what we thought we knew about how waves [of] modern

human populations migrated into and through Asia and out to Oceania's islands. This new genetic evidence might indicate that perhaps an early wave of humans moved through Asia [from Beringa], mixed with Denisovans and then relocated to the islands to be replaced in Asia by later waves of human migrants from Africa. "It's not totally obvious that that works really well with what we know about the diversity of Asians and Australians," Hawks says. But further genetic analysis and study should help to clarify these early migrations." Downloaded from the World Wide Web (W.W.W.) on Monday 15 July 2013 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

"The Solutrean Solution--Did Some Ancient Americans Come From Europe?"

http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/solutrean_solution.html -------------------------------------------------------------

The Dene-Celtic word Tuatha means "Country" and of course, Dana, Danaan, Danu, and Daoine = Dene and/or Dine and mean "People." The Dene-Sumerian/Celtic Goddess Dana (The Evil One), Danu, Ana (Ana'i and/or Ainu = Enemy), Anu, and/or An is the personification or deification of the "People." In the N'dee language, da'an means "same person," diin means "this man/him," and daanlii means "they." From at least when the Mimbreno N'dee (Last Here People) first settled on the San Carlos reservation, the Gileno N'dee (Water (Rio Gila) Last Here People) seem to have shortened the Membreno name for themselves: Bedonkohe, into Donkohe and/or Doncho'i (The Bad Ones and/or The Evil Ones). The Mimbreno N'dee returned the favour by extending the Spanish name: Tonto (Idiot), to the Gileno N'dee. The Danube river is named for the "People" (Daoine) and was an area from where some early nations migrated to the British Isles. The Don and Dnieper rivers are also named for the "People" (Dene).

The reason why Dana and Don (in Bedonkohe), "People" became associated with Evil is that the "People" represented the old ways (tradition) and resisted the New World Order (N.W.O.) at those times and places. Our N.W.O. is not new. The word Eden in the name Garden of Eden is from the Sumerian phrase E-Din (OUR OCCULTED HISTORY: DOTHE GLOBAL ELITE CONCEAL ANCIENT ALIENS, Marrs, 2013, William Morrow: An Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers: N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A., p. 146). E means Temple and Din is equivalent to Din in Dine. In fact, Edin may be the same as DinE.

The Southern Nedni N'dee, Chiricahua N'dee, and Mimbreno N'dee called themselves Men (People) of the Woods (Cremony, 1983, p. 243). The people in the Central Highlands of Scotland called themselves Coille-Daoine (Caledonii in Roman/Latin) during the Scottish-Roman Wars. The Dene-Celtic word Coille means "Forest" and Daoine means "People." They were some of the ancestors of today's Welsh and kept alive the P-Celic dialect of the Celtic language. Later, the Irish joined the Coille Daoine. They brought with them the Ogham alphabet which caused the Romans to refer to them as Picts; from the Roman (Latin) word for pictures. Later, when the Coille Daoine used Oghams, they were called the Southern Picts and the Irish in the Western Isles, Western Highlands, and Northern Highlands were called the Northern Picts. "Forest People" was the name for both the Apache and Welsh Resistance.

Another Dene-Celtic word, Neachd, means "People," "Family," and/or "Tribe." The hard chd sound in Neachd was softened into a g sound and later a y sound or not pronounced, depending upon the suffix or word following it. The words for daughters, ingheann and nighean, are variations of neachd and nighean is pronounced the same as the first part (Naaye'n) of one of the names of the White culture hero Naaye'nezghane (Slayer of Monsters) in N'dee oral history. In the N'dee language, a g sound is sometimes used as an alternative to a d sound and/or an n sound. The g and y sounds are also sometimes interchangeable. The singulars of daughters in Celtic are spelled ingh, inghe, nigh, nighe, and/or nic. According to grammitical rules, vowels are sometimes added to a word to indicate such cases as nominative, dative, possessive (for example, her horse and/or the horse of hers), etc. A relationship between the words N'dee, Ndee, Nnee, Inghe, and Nighe is clear.

The Cruith-Neachd were the first modern people in the British Isles. They were white and short. In N'dee oral history Bilna'nooltl'iije (With Him Marked Down in Zigzag Line (-on Him); another name of the culture hero of White People) is shorter than his brother and/or nephew, Thubahch'istshine (Child of the Water; another name of the culture hero of the N'dee). After Thubahch'istshine (Born of the Water; another name of the culture hero of the N'dee) finished killing the monsters (enemies), Ndaa' Yizilhee (Killer of Enemies; another name of the culture hero of White People) left the land of Thubahch'istshine; Born of the Water) and the N'dee.

"In the ensuing wars between the Anunnaki [N'dee] overlords, Sin [a son of Ndaa' Yizilhee and associated with the moon] was reported to have sided with the human benefactor Enki [Thubahch'istshine], which caused [Naaye'nezghane] Enlil to declare those who opposed him as "sinners."

"He [Hesiod] may have been describing thunderous Anunnaki [N'dee] sky god [Bilna'nooltl'iije] Enlil and his more beneficent half-brother [Thubahch'istshine] Enki when he wrote, "The glowing Sun never looks upon them with his beams, neither as he goes up into heaven, nor as he comes down from heaven. And the former of them roams peacefully over the earth and the sea's broad back and is kindly to men; but the other has a heart of iron, and his spirit within him is pitiless as bronze: whomever of men he has once seized he holds fast: and he is hateful even to the deathless gods."

(Marrs, 2013, pp. 158, 188, and 189).

The historical and linguistic evidence shows that he and some of the White people (the Ainu) went to Asia and some of them made it all the way to the British Isles. That the words Dene and Daoine are related as are the words N'dee, Ndaa', Neachd, Nighe, Nic, and Inghe, is obvious. In fact, according to the rules of grammar for the Celtic language, Neachd is changed to Neachda and/or Nichde, in some cases; thereby making even clearer the direct connection between the N'dee (Dene and/or Dine) and Celts (Neachd and/or Daoine).

Other similarities are that both the N'dee and Coille Daoine did not eat fish and they both hold birds in high esteem.

"I [Andrew Collins] believe there is strong evidence to suggest that the Watchers [Anunnaki; N'dee overlords], and their offspring the Nephilim, were indeed the shamanic elite that founded the early Neolithic cult centres of Upper Mesopotamia. They are repeatedly referred to in pseudepigraphical literature as birdmen, and we know that the Neolithic period's highly prominent cult of the dead was focused around excarnation, and the use of the vulture as a symbol of both astral flight and the transmigration of the soul in death" (Marrs, 2013, pp. 92 and 93). ---------------------------------------------------------------

"Gobekli Tepe - Eden, Home of the Watchers" http://www.andrewcollins.com/page/articles/Gobekli_Tepe_interview.htm

"Gobekli Tepe: Who Built It, When and Why" http://www.wakingtimes.com/2014/06/25/gobekli-tepe-built-2/ ---------------------------------------------------------------

Most academics believe that both the Ainu and the N'dee evolved from thePaleo-Siberian population while in Asia. But, Beringia is just as likely.Traditional N'dee wisdom is that the N'dee originated in America wherethey

were when the Europeans first met them. Another tradition is that theN'deewould not have traveled from Asia to America because they wouldn't havemigrate into the sun (the east = black). In Beringia, however, the sun isat a different angle than it is in the American Southwest.

* Popular Mechanics (magazine), Mary Beth Griggs, October 2013, N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A., p. 16

"...The earliest human ancestors lived [55,000,000] years ago, new research suggests. That changes scientists' view of primate lineage, shifting the origins to Asia, not Africa."

Today, all of us are members of only one species (Homo Erectus Sapiens, HomoSapiens Sapiens, and/or Homo Sapiens) that evolved about 260,000 to 200,000years ago from the species known as Homo Erectus Ergaster (THE RANDOM HOUSEENCYCLOPEDIA, James Mitchell, Editor in Chief, 1977, Random House, Inc.:N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A., pp. 650-653 and "The Greys," downloaded from the WorldWide Web (W.W.W.), Monday 17 December 2012 at

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vida_alien/esp_vida_alien_18za.htm).Homo

Erectus lived from 1,900,000 years ago until 13,000 years ago ("Homofloresiensis" down loaded from the World Wide Web (W.W.W.) on Nagoltiih Jii 5Binest'ancho 2012 (Search below for N'dee days and months) at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis). Non-Sapiens Homo Erectus

lived for about 247,000 years after Homo Erectus Sapiens (modern people) hadevolved from them. From 1,900,00 years ago until 17,000 years ago, therewere four glacial stages that would have allowed Homo Erectus Ergastertocross a land bridge from Asia into America (Beringia) AND BACK.

Table 6 Glacial Stages

.....1. Gunz/Nebraskan Glacial Stage....1,000,000 to 900,000 years ago

.....2. Mindel/Kansan Glacial Stage.......750,000 to 675,000 years ago

.....3. Riss/Illinoian Glacial Stage......375,000 to 275,000 years ago

.....4. Wurm-Wurm IV/Wisconsin-Mankato Glacial Stage

...........................................36,500 to...7,000 years ago

Non-Sapiens Homo Erectus evolved into Homo Erectus Sapiens in the Beringia,by the process known as Multi-regionalism, Multiple Origins, RegionalContinuity, Gradualism, Polycentrism, and/or Mosaic Evolution: "that is,various populations [of Homo Sapiens] evolved at different rates accordingto environmental and genetic circumstances" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIABRITANNICA, 2007, vol. 6, p. 28). This also occurred in the Old World.After the ancestors of the N'dee and White People evolved in Beringia,together, they moved west into Asia and south into America; With most ofKiller of Enemies in Asia and later Europe and most of Born From WaterinAsia and America. Some N'dee coalesced with other groups of American Indianson the southern Plains in the northern Texas Panhandle to become the EasternApache. This resulted from the processes known as ethnogenesis and culturalreinvention (Britten, 2009, pp. 46 and 47). Some other tribes coalesced withthe Hopi, Pueblo, and Zuni peoples and became the Navajo (Dine). Still othertribes coalesced with the Mojave, related tribes and nations, to become theWestern N'dee. Killer of Enemies coalesced with some of the people ofAsiaand Europe to become the Aurignacians (Cro-Magnon).

The similarities in the D.N.A. of Europeans, Ainu (Ana'i (Enemy) ofnorthern Japan, and American Kennewick Man (First Man = Altse Hastiin,First Woman = Altse Asdzaa, and First People = Altse Dine, Iverson,2002,p. 8) are remarkably explained by the N'dee oral history of the creation(evolution) of themselves and some Europeans and N'dee. The Monsters and/orEnemies of in N'dee oral history, were the older species of non-SapiensHomo Erectus, including Homo Erectus Neandertal.

"The Lipan's distant ancestors, whom anthropologists believe constituted onebranch of a much larger language family known as the Na-Dene family

(orphylum), traversed the Bering Strait at some point between 7,000 and 5,000B.C. (B.P. = Before Present Era) and settled over a broad area in subarticAlaska and northwestern Canada (Britten, 2009, p. 34)."

It's just as likely that these "ancestors" migrated in the other direction.The forked-stick hogan, language, and D.N.A. are shared traits of Asians andN'dee (Dutton, 1983, pp. 69 and 105), but don't demonstrate in whichdirection the Athabascans migrated.

Homo Erectus Ergaster lived in leantos using trees and the vertical sides ofhills, for example. The A-frame buildings of the Gileno N'dee drawn byGeorge Catlin in 1856 (GERONIMO: THE MAN, HIS TIME, HIS PLACE, Angie Debo,1976, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 15) seem to be an adaptation byHomoErectus Ergaster or Homo Erectus Sapiens for bands living in flat areaswithout trees. The wheel-spoke pattern forked-stick hogans and the othertypes are "the architecture of ancestral hunters and gatherers becomingfarmers" - "a fusion of two cultural traditions" [Navajo (Dine) and Pueblo](Iverson, 2002, pp. 20 and 21)." The hogans common to the Asians and N'deeare probably the A-frame type.

Other traits, such as speech and the making of fire and untailored clothingsuch as loincloths, serapes (blankets worn as clothing), skirts, cloaks(mantas), capes, aprons, ponchos, and vests (the last two put on over thehead) were used by both Homo Erectus Ergaster and Homo Erectus Sapiensworld-wide and don't indicate a modern Asian and/or N'dee origin. HomoErectus Sapiens wore and still wear tailored clothing, such as shirts andjackets with sleeves, and leggings (chaps), as well as untailored clothingsuch as loincloths, the Scottish Belted Plaid (Feileadh-Mor = Wrap-Great),Scottish and Irish Kilts (Feile Beag = Wrap-Little), skirts - including theGreek national costume, cloaks, capes, and Roman togas (until relativelyrecently), etc. Pants (trousers) were invented by Eurasian horse

ridersrelatively recently. Tailored clothing is considered to be one of theevolutionary advantages that Homo Erectus Sapiens had over Homo ErectusErgaster. However, Homo Erectus Neandertal used buttons to secure some oftheir clothing and it's possible that Homo Erectus Ergaster did as well.Both untailored and tailored clothing existed in Asia and America.Equivalent "examples" showing that "Out of America (Beringia)" rather thanonly the other way, is possible, are:

"Shortly after Homo evolved in Africa, some species ventured to temperate biomes in Eurasia and then to subtropical and tropical biomes in South and Southeast Asia. Subsequently there was a migration back to Africa, perhaps as early as [1,800,000 - 900,000 years ago]."

"There appear to have been successive migrations of hominid species out of Africa, with evolution of new species in Eurasia and occassional migrations back into Africa."

(THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, v. 18, pp. 819 and 823)

Homo Erectus Ergaster was about 5 feet 10 inches to 6 feet in height. TheJapanese and other pygmoids such as the African San (Bushmen, !Kung, andG/wi) and the related Khoikhoin (Hottentots) and Bantu are about 5 feet tall.Pygmies, such as the African Pygmy nations: Babinga, Batswa (Tswa), Batwa(Twa), Bambuti (Mbuti), and Kalahari and the Asian Negritos of the nations ofSemang, Mani, Andamanese, Ati, Agta, Aeta, Onge, and Orang Asli (PeopleOriginal) are about 4 1/2 feet tall. The average weight of a male HomoErectus Ergaster was 145 pounds (lbs.) and a female was 123 lbs. The averageweight of a male Homo Erectus Sapiens is 128 pounds (lbs.) and a female is108 lbs. or they were, before McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken.

At the time Homo Erectus Sapiens were evolving from Homo Erectus Ergaster andliving alongside each other, for around 247,000 years, the members of thedifferent populations bred with their neighbors (biogenesis). Only beginningwith the Conquest of the Americas by Europeans, who brought their new

way ofthinking (dualism) and consequent "love of money," greed, wealth, and riches,did almost complete racial and\or ethnic segregation, slavery, and genocidebecome the new normal.

The following chart is just as likely as the one above and better explainsthe connection between certain aspects of Japanese and N'dee Tsih E'ile'hi.

Table 7 Out of Beringia/Back to Asia

.......................Homo Erectus Ergaster

.......................---------------------

...................1. Oldowan Industry

...................2. Abbevillian (Chellian) Ind.

...................3. Acheulian Ind.

...................-------------------------------

....................................|

.............Homo (Erectus seu Sapiens) Palaeohungaricus

.............-------------------------------------------

..............|.......................................|

.........Dene-Yeniseian............................Altaic

.........(Homo Erectus Sapiens)...........(Homo Erectus Neandertal)

.........----------------------...........-------------------------

..............|...............................1. Acheulian Ind.

...........Na-Dene............................2. Mousterian Ind.

...........-------............................-------------------

..............|.......................................|

..........Athabascan..................................|

..........----------..................................|

..............|....|..................................|

..............|....N'dee/Navajo.......................|

..............|....(Child of the......................|

..............|....Waters)............................|

..............|....------------.......................|

..............|.......................................|

..............-----------------------------------------

.....................................|

................................Paleo-Siberian

...........................------------------------

...........................|......................|

......................Aurignacian..............Tungusic

..................(Killer of Enemies)..........--------

..................-------------------.............|

.....................|.........................Korean

..................San and......................------

..................Cro-Magnon......................|

..................-----------..................Japanese

..................Solutrean Ind. - 117.........--------

..................(Clovis)

..................--------------------

.....................|

..................Dene-Celtic [Tuatha

..................De Danaan (Dana,

..................Danu, Daoine, Dene,

..................and/or Dine)],

..................Coille Daoine

..................[(Caledonii,

..................Cale-Daoine

..................(Cale-Dene and/or

..................Cale-Dine)], and

..................Cruith Neachd

..................-------------

The N'dee fought with spears and lances for hundreds of years. So didAsians, as late as the Chinese Civil War, 1946-1949. The stances, postures,methods, and techiques that didn't work would have disappeared with the N'deeHa'ashkee (Warriors) and the Asians who were killed using them on thebattlefield. Therefore, the techniques, etc. that worked would have beenused by both the N'dee and Japanese and\or Koreans and passed down to theiroffspring. But, more than mere coincidence or parallel development, many ofthe words used by the N'dee and Japanese (and probably the Koreans) inTsihE'ile'hi (Stick Art) are the same. There's a proven connection between thelanguages, societies, cultures, and customs. Because of the connectionsbetween the N'dee and Asians, if the N'dee had recorded their Tsih E'ile'hithe similarities would be shown to be too many to be just pure chance.So,Japanese Jo-Jutsu and Bo-Jutsu are a part of the heritage of N'dee TsihE'ile'hi Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal (Apache Stick Art Angriness Dancing). The maindifference is that people in Asia had writing much earlier than in Americaand therefore were the first to record a shared heritage. The similaritiesindicate that at the least, there was contact between the Athabascans of Asiaand America going back for several thousand years.

Yet, N'dee Tsih E'ile'hi Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal is not for N'dee or Asiansonly. Both Bruce Lee and one of his instructors in Wing Chung Kung Fu,William Cheung, fought for the right to teach Europeans this martial art. Ofcourse, Dave Lowry also demonstrates that the martial arts are for

everybody.Without a doubt, Tsih E'ile'hi is part of every American's heritage; if theywant it. Sharing is an N'dee tradition.

I hope I've demonstrated a direct connection between the N'dee and Japanese,including the Ainu, even if anthropologists and their Navajo interpretersnever find the "Lost Apaches" of the Hokkaido Apache Reservation).

* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhN7kN0IqVs&sns=fb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40V0KwykDHE&sns=fb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6UUxA_aA4U&sns=fb

Table 8 Classificatory Noun, Measure, Countre, and Verb Stem System Correspondences in the N'dee, Chinese, and Japanese languages

.................N'dee................Chinese..............Japanese

.....------------------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..1 taa, tih, tiih.......1. ba...............1. hon

.................Single, solid,.......objects with a.......long cylindrical.................non-animal objects,..handle...............things.................un-enclosed in a.................container, that are..1. gen.................rigid and whose.................length is at least...long, thin objects.................three times greater.................than their width or..1. tiao.................height (slender)......................................long, narrow......................................things

......................................1. zhi

......................................stick-like things

.................folding knife,.......brushes, knives,.....bottles,

.................hunting knife,.......keys, umbrellas,.....cigarettes

.................pocket knife, car....chairs, towel,

.................key, metal bolt,.....boat, pair of

.................nail, screw, wire....trousers, skirt,

.................brad, fence post,....river, road,

.................log, pen, pencil,....street, rope,

.................rifle, shotgun,......needle, pillar,

.................blade of grass.......suasage, pen,

......................................chopstick, candle,

......................................flute, rifle,

......................................long stemmed rose

.................-----------------------------------------------------

-------

.....Category..2 'aa, 'aah, 'ah.......2. ben..............2. ko

.................Single, solid,.......things that are......small, round.................non-animal objects,..bound................things.................un-enclosed in a.................container, that are..2. ce.................rigid and whose.................length is less than..copy, volume .................three times as.................great as their.......2. ding.................width or height.................(bulky)..............things with a top

......................................2. jie

......................................sections of things

......................................2. ke

......................................small round things

......................................2. kuai

......................................things that come in

......................................chunks or solid

......................................pieces

......................................2. li

......................................very small round

......................................things

......................................2. qi

......................................issues of things

......................................that are bound

......................................2. tao ......................................sets of books,......................................clothing, tools,......................................furniture

......................................2. zhi

......................................one of a pair

.................book, hat, box,......book, magazine,......fruit

.................flashlight battery,..volume, copy, hat,

.................cake of soap, rock,..cap, things with a

.................shoe, boot...........top, soap, stone,

......................................issues of a

......................................periodical,

......................................magazine, journal,

......................................sets of books,

......................................shoe

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..3 tsoos, tsooz.........3. chuang...........3. mai

.................single, solid,.......3. feng.............flat things

.................non-animal objects,

.................un-enclosed in a.....3. jian

.................container, that are

.................not rigid and whose..3. kuai

.................length is less than

.................three times as.......3. pian

.................great as their

.................width or height......3. tiao

.................(bulky)

......................................long, narrow things

......................................3. zhang

......................................flat things

.................piece of paper,......quilt, blanket,......stamps, pieces of.................cloth, blanket,......sheet, letter,.......paper.................tortilla, trousers,..telegram, clothes,.................T-shirt, shirt,......shirt, table .................sock, towel,.........cloth,.................slip, women's........handkerchief,.................dress, diaper,.......piece of cake,.................sweater, pillow......piece of cloth,.................case, pillow,........paper, article,.................sleeping bag.........written version of......................................a speech, slice of......................................bread, biscuit,......................................towel, pair of......................................trousers, skirt,......................................map, sheet of......................................paper, newspaper.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..4 laa, leh, lee, leel..4. duan

.................single, solid,.......length of road,

.................non-animal objects,..cable

.................un-enclosed in a

.................container, that are..4. gen

.................not rigid and whose

.................length is at least...long, thin things

.................three times greater

.................than their width or

.................height (slender)

.................piece of rope,.......length of cable,

.................lasso, piece of......rope

.................electrical

.................extension cord,

.................wire cable

.....Category..4 two solid,...........4. dui

.................non-animal objects,

.................un-enclosed in a.....pair, couple

.................container,

.................regardless of........4. fu

.................rigidity or length

......................................pair

......................................4. shuang

......................................thing that comes

......................................in twos

.................two pieces of rope,..a pair of vases, a

.................two lassos, two......pair of gloves, a

.................pieces of............pair of glasses, a

.................electrical...........pair of shoes, a

.................extension cord, two..pair of socks, a

.................wire cables, two of..pair of eyes, a

.................any items in.........pair of chopsticks

.................Categories 1, 2,

.................and/or 3

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..5 nil, nill, dil,......5. duo

.................diil

.................More than two........flowers

.................solid, non-animal

.................objects,.............5. pi

.................un-enclosed in a

.................container, that are..batch, lot

.................rigid and whose

.................length is at least...5. shu

.................three times greater

.................than their width or bunch

.................height (slender) in

.................Category 1

......................................bunch of flowers,

......................................batch of goods

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..6 jaa', jah, jih.......6. pi

.................More than two........batch, lot

.................solid, non-animal

.................objects,.............6. shu

.................un-enclosed in a

.................container, that......bunch

.................are rigid and

.................whose length is

.................less than three

.................times as great as

.................their width or

.................height (bulky) in

.................Category 2

......................................batch of goods

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..7 ne'..................7. duo

.................More than two........clouds

.................solid, non-animal

.................objects,.............7. pi

.................un-enclosed in a

.................container, that......batch, lot

.................are not rigid,

.................regardless of........7. shu

.................length in

.................Categories 3 and/or..bunch

.................4

......................................bunch of clouds,

......................................batch of goods

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category 8 tloh, tleg, tleel,...8. ge

.................tleeh

.................masses or............used when the stem

.................conglomerates of.....is otherwise

.................plastic (mushy),.....unknown

.................non-animal

.................material,

.................un-enclosed in a

.................container

.................mud, wet clay,.......mud, wet clay,

.................baking dough,........baking dough,

.................prepared oatmeal,....prepared oatmeal,

.................ice cream, wet.......ice cream, wet

.................adobe, mortar........adobe, mortar

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category..9 ziig.................9. chang

.................liquid substances....9. di

.................independent of a

.................container

.................water, brewed........a rain shower, a

.................coffee, soda pop,....cloudburst, a drop

.................beer, wine, whisky,

.................whiskey, gasoline,

.................kerosene, motor

.................oil, milk,

.................chocolate milk,

.................brewed tea, soup,

.................broth, stew, tulipai.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category 10 kah, kaa, kaal,......10. ge..............10. hai

.................kaah

.................non-animal objects...used when the stem...bowlful, cupful.................regardless of........is otherwise.................state, rigidity,.....unknown.................length or number,.................enclosed in a.................rigid container

.................A cup, washbasin,....a cup of water, a....a cup of water, a.................drinking glass,......basket of pencils,...basket of pencils,.................cooking pot, coffee..a bowl of coins, a...a bowl of coins.................pot, bowl, washtub,..plate of tortillas.................basket, gasoline.................can, milk carton,.................milk can, bottle,.................canteen, cardboard.................box, plate,

.................suitcase when

.................enclosing any items

.................in Categories 1, 2,

.................3, 4, 8, and/or 9

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category 11 deh, tsho, tso,......11. bao

.................tso', tsee'

.................non-animal objects...package, packet,

.................regardless of........bundle

.................state, rigidity,

.................length or number,....11. tuan

.................enclosed in a

.................non-rigid

.................container

.................A paper bag, burlap..a packet of

.................sack, feed sack,.....cigarettes, a

.................plasticene bag,......package of sweets,

.................blanket, buckskin,...a bundle of

.................shirt, dress, or.....clothes, ball of

.................newspaper when.......wool

.................enclosing any items

.................in Categories 1, 2,

.................3, 4, 8, and/or 9

.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category 12 teh, teel, teeh,.....12. zhi.............12. hiki

.................tii

......................................some animals.........small animals.................animals light.................enough for a.................person to easily.................lift and transport

.................A baby, human........chicken, sheep,......dog, fish

.................infant, puppy,.......monkey, bird,

.................mature dog, kitten,..cat, crab

.................mature cat,

.................chicken, turkey,

.................calf, colt, deer

.................fawn, trout, water

.................snake, earthworm,

.................moth, caterpillar,

.................butterfly, bobcat,

.................javelina (peccary),

.................goat,

.................-----------------------------------------------------

-------

.....Category 13 loos.................13. ge..............13. dai

.................animals too heavy....13. liang

.................for a person to

.................easily lift and......vehicles.............machines, large.................transport.................................objects......................................13. ming

......................................a person with a

......................................professional or

......................................prominent social

......................................identity

......................................13. pi

......................................13. tai

......................................machines,

......................................equipment

......................................13. tou

......................................certain animals

......................................13. wei

......................................polite people

.................heifer, steer, cow,..a person, car,.......people, cars,.................bull, horse, adult...bike, lorry,.........furniture.................pig, adult deer,.....truck, student,.................elk, bear, mule,.....doctor, soldier,.................burro, mountain......worker, horse,.................adult human, car.....mule, cow, pig,......................................sheep, elephant,......................................lion, TV set,......................................washing machine,......................................computer,......................................gentleman, lady,......................................teacher, professor.................------------------------------------------------------------

.....Category 14 - unknown -..........14. dui

......................................pair, couple

......................................14. huo

......................................a group or band of

......................................bad people

......................................14. qun

......................................a group, crowd,

......................................flock

......................................a married couple,

......................................gang of robbers,

......................................hooligans, crowd

......................................of football fans,

......................................a flock of birds

..Bray (2002)

..Basso (1990)

..Bunt, Jonathan and Hall Gillian (2006). OXFORD BEGINNER'S JAPANESE

..DICTIONARY. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England, United Kingdom of..Great and Northern Ireland (U.K.):

..Church, Sally K. and Yuan, Boping (2006). OXFORD BEGINNER'S CHINESE

..DICTIONARY. Oxford University Press

.................------------------------------------------------------------

* English has two measure words or counters, both of which are adjectives. "The word "less" is used with singular nouns that cannot be easily counted and are chunky and also with plural nouns that are chunky: less salt, less [beer], and less whispering, and less than five years, less than $2,500.00. The word fewer is used only for plural nouns that are separate units which can be easily counted: fewer packets of salt, fewer [bottles] of beer, and fewer whispers." (Good, 2002, pp. 86-89)

"Fewer" refers to number and is used with plural nouns. "Less" refers to degree or amount and is used with singular nouns. Fewer accidents [a smaller number] were reported than we expected. Less effort [a smaller degree] was put forth by the organizers, and thus fewer people [a smaller number] attended. In the future our company may hire fewer skilled workers [a smaller number of workers who are skilled]. In the future our company may hire less skilled workers [workers with a lower level of skill]."

THE GREGG REFERENCE MANUAL: A MANUAL OF STYLE, GRAMMAR, USAGE, AND FORMATTING, 10th edition, William A. Sabin, 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin:N.Y., (N.Y.), N.Y., U.S.A.

Unenclosed is similar to less and enclosed is similar to fewer.

Chinese stick art also may be part of N'dee culture. If

anthropologists everdig up the N'dee Autonomous Region or the N'dee Special AdministrativeRegion, then we'll know for sure.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 5

Igod Tsih E'ile'hi ------------------

Igod Tsih E'ile'hi (Short Stick Art) should be done from both sides.

Learnand practice performing it one grip with the left hand forward and then thesame grip with the right hand forward. Then, learn the next grip withtheleft hand forward and then the right hand forward. After the grips, learnand practice the stance and postures using the same procedure. In thesecases, starting with the left hand and leg forward and then the right handand leg for the stance and then the same routine for each of the postures,one at a time. The da'andii (fundamentals = kihon) are the individualstrikes, sweeps, and thrusts, such as: Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish (FrontStanding Strike = Shomen Dachi Uchi). The Eight Directions Striking(Tsebii Ha'agot'i' Yinltlish = Happo Uchi) and 31-Count Practice (Tadin DalaaHotag Hadilde'go) and/or Formal Solo Excersize (Goch'ital Dasahn Hadilde'go =San Ichi-Renshu) should be learned one da'andii at a time from each sidebefore adding the next da'andii in the "Striking," "Practice," and/or"Excersize."

* http://www.shutokukan.org/join_the_ryu.html http://www.baltimorejodo.org/ http://www.shinto-muso-ryu.org/

Practice the following at different times during each day. For example, inthe morning and evening. They are written in the form:

N'dee = English (Japanese) page number in Lowry,2005 N'dee - Japanese similarities

I. Nayitihgo or Honta = Grips (Nigiri) p. 36 Nayiti- = Nigi- (t and g are close); -go = -gi- Honta = Honte, Hon-te, or Hon Te; -ta = -te (Te means hand and hands are used to grip)

1. Da'andii Bigan Nayitihgo

= Basic (True or Fundamental (Hon)) Hand (Te) Grip (Nigiri) pp. 36 and 74 Hon-te Nigiri or Honte Nigiri

or or

Da'andii Bigan Honta

Da'an- = Hon (d and h are close); -dii = -te (d and t are very close); Da'andii = Honte Honta = Honte People grip with their hands. These words are related.

2. Yik'izhi' Bigan Nayitihgo

= Reverse Hand Grip (Gyaku Te Nigiri) pp. 37 and 74 -i- = -u

or

Yik'izhi' Bigan Honta

= Gyaku-te Nigiri or Gyakute Nigiri yik- = Gyak-;

3. Naki Ilta' Nagoilnaa' Nanayidisgeed Nayitihgo

= Two Different Methods Combination Grip (Ketsugo Nigiri) p. 37 -ki Ilt- = Ket-; -go = -go

or or

3. Naki Ilta' Nagoilnaa' Nanayidisgeed Honta

II. Dahszii = Stance (Dachi or Dai) p. 40 Dahszii = Dachi

Ilni'yu Binii' Dahszii = Half Facing Stance (Han Mi Dachi) p. 40

or or

Han-mi Dachi or Hanmi Dachi Bi- = Mi (b and m are very close)

or

Taagi Dahszii Triangular Stance (Sankaku Dai) p. 40

III. Nagoz'aa = Postures (Kamae) p. 41

"Pay particular attention to the postures [Nagoz'aa = Kamae]. They are the result of experimentation, frequently conducted on the

ultimate testing ground - the battlefield. The way we hold the [igod tsih] in a particular Nagoz'aa is the most effective way of holding it, period. Those masters who created these Nagoz'aa did so at the risk of their lives and until or unless you have done the same sort of experimenting, stick with the traditional [nagoz'aa]. (Lowry, 2005, p. 35)."

1. Ildi' Nagoz'aa = Middle Level Posture (Chudan Kamae) pp. 41 and 74

2. Hadag Nagoz'aa = Upper Level Posture (Jodan Kamae) p. 42

3. Bide' Hagon Nagoz'aa

= Rear Angle Posture (Waki Kamae) pp. 43 and 78

IV. Yinltlish Nagoilnaa' = Striking Methods (Uchi Kata) Techniques. Kata means method and/or technique pp. 49, 190, and 191

or or

Yinltlish Hizhoohi = Striking Techniques (Uchi Waza) -oo- = U-; hi = chi; -oohi = Uchi; Hizhoohi = It shakes or moves (Waza) - in other words, a Strike is a Technique; a stick in and of itself, just laying there, is not a technique, but, striking with a stick is a Technique. Therefore, Hizhoohi and Uchi are variations of the same word and came tomean Technique and Strike.

"...It is possible to strike with the [igod tsih] in the six basic methods of cutting with the sword [hal]: 1. Front [Bidah = Shomen and/or Overhead (Bitsit'a' = Otoshi); Bidah Yinltlish = Front Strike (Shomen Uchi) and/or Bitsit'a' Yinltlish = Overhead Strike

(Otoshi Uchi)], 2. Left [Ishgane = Hidari; Hagodn' Aagee = At An Oblique Angle = Naname or Diagonal = Naname; Ishgane Hagodn' Aagee Yinltlish = Left At An Oblique Angle Strike = Hidari Naname Uchi or Left Diagonal Strike = Hidari Naname Uchi, 3. Right [Dehe'naa = (Migi); Dehe'naa Hagodn' Aagee Yinltlish = Right At An Oblique Angle Strike = Migi Naname or Right Diagonal Strike = Migi Naname Uchi, 4. Left Side [Ishgane Zhineego = Hidari Yoku] and 5. Right Side [Dehe'naa Zhineego = Migi Yoku], and 6. Thrust [Yits'i'itsih = Tsuki]. In addition, the [igod tsih] can be used to [Nagolshoh] Sweep [Barai or Harai] or [Yinltlish] Strike [Uchi] from [aagee] angles [naname] that go from low to high or high to low, largely because of the freedom you have in lengthening, shortening, or reversing your [Nayitihgo or Honta] grip on the [bena'itseedi] weapon (Lowry, 2005, p. 49)."

B. Dahszii Yinltlish = Standing Strikes (Dachi Uchi)

"In classical nagondzoog = combat, the Ha'ashkee was educated to consider every hizhoohi complete unto itself, sufficient to accomplish the purposes of the Ha'ashkee. Naturally, the Ha'ashkee practiced Nanayidisgeed Hizhoohi = Multiple Techniques or Renwaku Waza but the Ha'ashkee treated each of them in the sequence as lethal. It must be assumed...that there will be no second chance. The initial action must be delivered with complete resolve. It should never be blended in with a succeeding hizhoohi."

Dalaa (One) Da'andii (fundamental = kihon) is done two times (three, in the case of number 3. Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish (At an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) Standing Strike = Naname Dachi Uchi) without pausing between the Da'andii in each pair (and triplet in the case of number 3.) of the following Nanayidisgeed Hizhoohi (Combination and/or Multiple Techniques = Renwaku Waza, p. 73):

1. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish

= Front Standing Strike - Front Standing Strike (Shomen Dachi Uchi - Shomen Dachi Uchi)pp. 50 and 74

2. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish

= Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) Standing Strike - Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) Standing Strike (Shomen Naname Dachi Uchi- Shomen Naname Dachi Uchi)

3. Bidah Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish

= Front Middle Level Standing Strike - Front Middle Level Standing Strike (Shomen Chudan Dachi Uchi - Shomen Chudan Dachi Uchi)

4. Bitsit'a' Dahszii Yinltlish and Bitsit'a' Dahszii Yinltlish

= Overhead Standing Strike - Overhead Standing Strike (Otoshi Dachi Uchi - Otoshi DachiUchi) Starts the same way as 5.

5. Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish and Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii

Yinltlish and Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish

= Diagonal Standing Strike - Diagonal Standing Strike - Diagonal Standing Strike (Naname Dachi Uchi - Naname DachiUchi - Naname Dachi Uchi) pp. 52and 78

6. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish and Bitsit'a' Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish

= Overhead Middle Level Standing Strike - Overhead Middle Level Standing Strike (Otoshi Chudan Dachi Uchi - Otoshi Chudan Dachi Uchi) Starts the same way as 5.

7. Hayaa Dahszii Yinltlish and Hayaa Dahszii Yinltlish

= Lower Level Standing Strike - Lower Level Standing Strike (Gedan Dachi Uchi - GedanDachi Uchi) pp. 56 and 78

or or

7. Hayaa Dahszii Nagolshoh and Hayaa Dahszii Nagolshoh

= Lower Level Standing Sweep - Lower Level Standing Sweep (Gedan Dachi Barai - Gedan Dachi Barai or Gedan Dachi Harai - Gedan Dachi Harai) pp. 56and 78

8. Bidah Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Haghahgo Dahszii

Yinltlish

= Front Rising Standing Strike - Front Rising Standing Strike (Shomen Age Dachi Uchi - Shomen Age Dachi Uchi) pp. 64 and 76 -agho- = Ago

9. Bide' Hagon Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish and Bide' Hagon Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish

= Rear Angle Rising Standing Strike - Rear Angle Rising Standing Strike (Waki AgeDachi Uchi - Waki Age Dachi Uchi) pp. 58 and 76 -agho- = Ago

L. Ildi'yu Dahszii (Hishzhiizh) Yinltlish = To Half Standing (To Kneeling) Strikes (Han Dachi Uchi) p. 60

1. Bidah Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bidah Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Front Strike to Half Standing - Front Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi - Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

or or

1. Bidah Yinltlish Hishzhiizh and Bidah Yinltlish Hishzhiizh

= Front Strike to Kneeling - Front Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi - Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

2. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Half Standing Strike - Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Half Standing Strike (Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi - Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

or or

2. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Hishzhiizh Yinltlish and Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Hishzhiizh Yinltlish

= Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Kneeling Strike - Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Naname Han Dachi Uchi - Shomen Naname Han Dachi Uchi)

3. Bidah Ildi' Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish and Bidah Ilda' Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish

= Front Middle Level to Half Standing Strike - Front Middle Level to Half Standing Strike (Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi - Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

or or

3. Bidah Ildi' Hishzhiizh Yinltlish and Bidah Ildi' Hishzhiizh Yinltlish

= Front Middle Level to Kneeling Strike - Front Middle Level to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi - Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

4. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Overhead Strike to Half Standing - Overhead Strike to Half Standing (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi - Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 5.

or or

4. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh and Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh

= Overhead Strike to Kneeling - Overhead Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi - Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 5.

5. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Diagonal Strike to Half Standing - Diagonal Strike to Half Standing (Naname Uchi Uchi Han Dachi - Naname Uchi Uchi Han Dachi) p. 60

or or

5. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Hishzhiizh and Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Hishzhiizh

= Diagonal Strike to Kneeling - Diagonal Strike to Kneeling (Naname Uchi Han Dachi - Naname Uchi Han Dachi)

6. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Overhead Middle Level Strike to Half Standing - Overhead Middle Level Strike to Half Standing (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi - Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 5.

or or

6. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh and Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh

= Overhead Middle Level Strike to Kneeling - Overhead Middle Level Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi - Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 5.

7. Hayaa Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Hayaa Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Lower Level Strike to Half Standing and Lower Level Strike

to Half Standing (Gedan Uchi Han Dachi - Gedan Uchi Han Dachi) pp. 56 and 78

or or

7. Hayaa Nagolshoh Nagolshoh Hishszhiizh and Hayaa Nagolshoh Nagolshoh Hishszhiizh

= Lower Level Sweep to Kneeling - Lower Level Sweep to Kneeling (Gedan Barai Han Dachi - Gedan Barai Han Dachi or Gedan Harai Han Dachi - Gedan Harai Han Dachi) pp. 56 and 78

8. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Front Rising Strike to Half Standing - Front Rising Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Age Uchi Han Dachi - Shomen age Uchi Han Dachi) p. 64 -agho- = Age

or or

8. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Hishzhiizh and Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Hishzhiizh

= Front Rising Strike to Kneeling - Front Rising Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Age UchiHan Dachi - Shomen Age Uchi Dachi) p. 64 -agho- = Ago

V. Yits'i'itsih Nagoilnaa' = Thrusting Methods (Tsuki Kata) Techniques.

or or

Yits'i'itsih Hizhoohi = Thrusting Techniques (Tsuki Waza)

B. Dahszii Yits'i'itsih = Standing Thrusts (Dachi Tsuki) p. 66

1. Da'andii Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih and Da'andii DahsziiBigan Yits'i'itsih

= Basic Standing Hand Thrust - Basic Standing Hand Thrust (Hon Dachi Te Tsuki - Hon Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 66

2. Yik'izhi Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih and Yik'izhi DahsziiBigan Yits'i'itsih

= Reverse Standing Hand Thrust - Reverse Standing Hand Thrust (Gyaku Dachi Te Tsuki - Gyaku Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 68

3. Bidah Dahszii Yits'i'itsih and Bidah Dahszii Yits'i'itsih

= Front Standing Thrust - Front Standing Thrust (Shomen Dachi Tsuki - Shomen Dachi Tsuki) p. 80

4. Bide' Dahszii Yits'i'itsih and Bide' Dahszii Yits'i'itsih

= Rear Standing Thrust - Rear Standing Thrust (Ushiro Dachi Tsuki - Ushiro Dachi

Tsuki) p. 70

L. Ildi'yu Dahszii (Hishzhiizh) Yits'i'itsih = To Half Standing (To Kneeling) Thrusts (Han Dachi Tsuki)

1. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii and Da'andiiBigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Basic Hand Thrust to Half Standing - Basic Hand Thrust to Half Standing (Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi - Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 66

or or

1. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh and Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh

= Basic Hand Thrust to Kneeling - Basic Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi -Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 66

2. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii and Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Reverse Hand Thrust to Half Standing - Reverse Hand Thrust Half Standing (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi - Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Danchi) p. 68

or or

2. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh and Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh

= Reverse Hand Thrust to

Kneeling - Reverse Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi - Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 68

3. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bidah Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Front Thrust to Half Standing - Front Thrust to Half Standing (Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi -Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

or or

3. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh and Bidah Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh

= Front Thrust to Kneeling - Front Thrust to Kneeling (Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi - Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

4. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii and Bide' Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii

= Rear Thrust to Half Standing - Rear Thrust to Half Standing (Ushiro Tsuki Han Dachi -Ushiro Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

or or

4. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh and Bide' Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh

= Rear Thrust to Kneeling -Rear Thrust to Kneeling (Ushiro Tsuki

Han Dachi - Ushiro Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

"There are five "deadly" nerves and these five are important "only if youstrike them correctly." The five points or nerve centres given here, ifstruck with the correct method and with enough speed, could be fatal..."More than the one da'andii (fundamental = kihon) listed below can be used tostrike each of the deadly and very dangerous nerve centres. For example,between the eyes can be struck with all four of the thrusts.

Table 9 Five Deadly Nerves

...............................Nagoilnaa' or..........= Methods (Kata) or.........Nerve Centres.........Hizhoohi...............= Techniques (Waza).....------------------------------------------------------------------------

.....1. Between the eyes......Da'andii Bigan.........= Basic Hand Thrust...............................Yits'i'itsih..............(Hon Te Tsuki)

.....2. The temples...........Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii..= At An ObliqueAngle...............................Yinltlish.................(Diagonal) Standing.........................................................Strike (Naname Dachi.........................................................Uchi)

.....3. The Adam's apple......Yik'izhi Bigan.........= Reverse Hand Thrust...............................Yits'i'itsih..............(Hon Te Tsuki)

.....4. The solar plexus......Bidah Haghahgo.........= Front Rising

...............................Dahszii Yinltlish.........Standing Strike.........................................................(Shomen Age Dachi.........................................................Uchi)

.....5. The top of the........Bitsit'a' Dahszii......= Overhead Standing.........spinal column.........Yinltlish.................Strike (Otoshi Dachi

.........................................................Uchi)

"On the body, there are five "very dangerous" points for which almost anystrike will be effective. A solid blow to any of these nerve centers iseffective in causing disabling pain to a ndaa'. They will not, however,under normal circumstances, produce fatality (as striking the five deadlynerves will). The five very dangerous nerves are..."

Table 10 Five Very Dangerous Nerves

...............................Nagoilnaa' or..........= Methods (Kata) or.....Nerve Centres.............Hizhoohi...............= Techniques (Waza).....------------------------------------------------------------------------

.....1. The carotid...........Hagodn' Aagee..........= At An ObliqueAngle.........arteries..............Dahszii Yinltlish.........(Diagonal) Standing.........................................................Strike.........................................................(Naname DachiUchi)

.....2. The kidneys...........Ildi' Ildi'yu..........= Middle Level to Half...............................Dahszii Yinltlish.........Standing Strike.........................................................(Chudan Han Dachi.........................................................Uchi)...............................-or-

...............................Ildi' Hishzhiizh.......= Middle Level to.........................................................Kneeling Strike.........................................................(Chudan Han Dachi.........................................................Uchi)

.....3. The groin.............Bide' Hagon Haghahgo...= Rear Angle Rising...............................Dahszii Yinltlish.........Standing Strike.........................................................(Waki Age Dachi.........................................................Uchi)

.....4. The spine.............Da'andii Bigan.........= Basic Hand Thrust...............................Yits'i'itsih..............(Hon Te Tsuke)

.....5. The coccyx............Haghahgo Dahszii.......= Rising Standing...............................Yinltlish.................Strike (Age Dachi.........................................................Uchi)

"During your training and practice of the [hizhoohi = techniques (waza)and/or nagoilnaa' = methods (kata)]...be aware of the different strikingpoints. You should know them and look for them when you are executinga[hizhoohi and/or nagoilnaa']. Developing an eye for these points willmakeyour [bena'itseedi = weapon] much more effective. Regardless of the style orsystem, knowing "what" to hit and "how" to hit it produces the essentialknowledge of the true [Ha'ashkee.]" (CHAMPIONSHIP KENPO, Steve Sanders andDonnie Williams, written and compiled by Nigel Binns, 2003, Ohara, pp.44,48, and 49)

VI. Nanayidisgeed Naki Ilta' Hizhoohi = Combination (Multiple) Two Different Techniques (Renwaku Waza = Combination (Multiple)) p.73 "Because of the great versatility of the igod tsih, [the Nanayidisgeed Hizhoohi] are nearly endless in number and with practice the [Ha'ashkee] should be able to link together any number of the da'andii = fundamentals (kihon) in varying order, making all of them in a steady and effective flow." (Lowry, 2005, p. 73)

Naki Ilta' (two different) da'andii are done without pausing between them. For example, doing the first set below - B. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Standing Strike (Shomen Dachi Uchi) - the Ha'ashkee would first perform B. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish and then, 1. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) Standing Strike (Shomen Naname Dachi Uchi) without pausing

between the two da'andii. Then, they would perform B. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish and 2. Bidah Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Middle Level Standing Strike (Shomen Chudan Dachi Uchi) without pausing between them. After those, they would next do B. and 3. and so on, for all 16 da'andii (B.1. - B.16.). Any da'andii can be used to start andthen the remaining 16 would be paired with it in a set, as in with B.1. - B.16. and L.1 - L.16., below. Do a set, in the morning and also in the evening. They can be the same set or both times or two different ones.

B. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Standing Strike (Shomen Dachi Uchi) and

1. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) Standing Strike (Shomen NanameDachi Uchi)

2. Bidah Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Middle Level Standing Strike (Shomen ChudanDachi Uchi)

3. Bitsit'a' Dahszii Yinltlish = Overhead Standing Strike (Otoshi Dachi Uchi) Starts the same way as 4.

4. Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish = Diagonal Standing Strike (Naname Dachi Uchi)

5. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish = Overhead Middle Level Standing Strike (Otoshi Chudan Dachi Uchi)

6. Hayaa Dahszii Yinltlish = Lower Level Standing Strike

(Gedan Dachi Uchi)

or or

6. Hayaa Dahszii Nagolshoh = Lower Level Standing Sweep (Gedan Dachi Barai or Gedan Dachi Harai)

7. Bidah Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Rising Standing Strike (Shomen AgeDachi Uchi)

8. Bide' Hagon Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish = Rear Angle Rising Standing Strike (Waki Age Dachi Uchi)

9. Bidah Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

or or

9. Bidah Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Front Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

10. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Half Standing (Shomen ChudanHan Dachi Uchi)

or or

10. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Hishzhiizh Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle

(Diagonal) to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Naname Han Dachi Uchi)

11. Bidah Ildi' Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Middle Level to Half Standing Strike (Shomen ChudanHan Dachi Uchi)

or or

11. Bidah Ildi' Hishzhiizh Yinltlish = Front Middle Level to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

12. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Overhead Strike to Half Standing (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 4.

or or

12. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Overhead Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi)

13. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Diagonal Strike to Half Standing (Naname UchiUchi Han Dachi) p. 60

or or

13. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Diagonal Strike to Kneeling (Naname

Uchi Han Dachi)

14. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Overhead Middle Level Strike to Half Standing (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi) Starts thesame way as 4.

or or

14. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Overhead MiddleLevel Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi)

15. Hayaa Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Lower Level Strike to Half Standing (Gedan Uchi Han Dachi) pp. 56 and 78

or or

15. Hayaa Nagolshoh Nagolshoh Hishszhiizh = Lower Level Sweep to Kneeling (Gedan Barai Han Dachi or Gedan Harai Han Dachi) pp. 56and 78

16. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Rising Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Age Uchi

Han Dachi) p.64

or or

16. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Front Rising Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Age Uchi Han Dachi) p. 64

17. Da'andii Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih = Basic Standing Hand Thrust (Hon Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 66

18. Yik'izhi Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih = Reverse StandingHand Thrust (Gyaku Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 68

19. Bidah Dahszii Yits'i'itsih = Front Standing Thrust (Shomen Dachi Tsuki) p. 80

20. Bide' Dahszii Yits'i'itsih = Rear Standing Thrust (Ushiro Dachi Tsuki) p. 70

21. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Basic Hand Thrust to Half Standing(Hon Te TsukiHan Dachi) p. 66

or or

21. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Basic Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi)

22. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Reverse

Hand Thrust to Half Standing (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 68

or or

22. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Reverse Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 68

23. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Thrust to Half Standing (ShomenTsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

or or

23. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Front Thrust to Kneeling (Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

24. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Rear Thrust to Half Standing (UshiroTsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

or or

24. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Rear Thrust to Kneeling (Ushiro Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

L. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish = Front at an ObliqueAngle (Diagonal) StandingStrike (Shomen Naname Dachi Uchi)

1. Bidah Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Standing Strike (Shomen Dachi Uchi)

2. Bidah Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Middle Level Standing Strike (Shomen ChudanDachi Uchi)

3. Bitsit'a' Dahszii Yinltlish = Overhead Standing Strike (Otoshi Dachi Uchi) Starts the same way as 4.

4. Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii Yinltlish = Diagonal Standing Strike (Naname Dachi Uchi)

5. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Dahszii Yinltlish = Overhead Middle Level Standing Strike (Otoshi Chudan Dachi Uchi)

6. Hayaa Dahszii Yinltlish = Lower Level Standing Strike (Gedan Dachi Uchi)

or or

6. Hayaa Dahszii Nagolshoh = Lower Level Standing Sweep (Gedan Dachi Barai or Gedan Dachi Harai)

7. Bidah Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Rising Standing Strike (Shomen AgeDachi Uchi)

8. Bide' Hagon Haghahgo Dahszii Yinltlish = Rear Angle Rising Standing Strike (Waki Age Dachi Uchi)

9. Bidah Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

or or

9. Bidah Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Front Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Uchi Han Dachi)

10. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Half Standing (Shomen ChudanHan Dachi Uchi)

or or

10. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee Hishzhiizh Yinltlish = Front at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal) to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Naname Han Dachi Uchi)

11. Bidah Ildi' Ildi'yu Dahszii Yinltlish = Front Middle Level to Half Standing Strike (Shomen ChudanHan Dachi Uchi)

or or

11. Bidah Ildi' Hishzhiizh Yinltlish = Front Middle Level to Kneeling Strike (Shomen Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

12. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Overhead Strike to Half

Standing (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi) Starts the same way as 4.

or or

12. Bitsit'a' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Overhead Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Uchi Han Dachi)

13. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Diagonal Strike to Half Standing (Naname UchiUchi Han Dachi) p. 60

or or

13. Hogodn' Aagee Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Diagonal Strike to Kneeling (NanameUchi Han Dachi)

14. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Overhead Middle Level Strike to Half Standing (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi) Starts thesame way as 4.

or or

14. Bitsit'a' Ildi' Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Overhead MiddleLevel Strike to Kneeling (Otoshi Chudan Uchi Han Dachi)

15. Hayaa Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Lower Level Strike to Half Standing (Gedan Uchi Han Dachi) pp. 56 and 78

or or

15. Hayaa Nagolshoh Nagolshoh Hishszhiizh = Lower Level Sweep to Kneeling (Gedan Barai Han Dachi or Gedan Harai Han Dachi) pp. 56and 78

16. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Rising Strike to Half Standing (Shomen Age Uchi Han Dachi) p.64

or or

16. Bidah haghahgo Yinltlish Hishzhiizh = Front Rising Strike to Kneeling (Shomen Age Uchi Han Dachi) p. 64

17. Da'andii Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih = Basic Standing Hand Thrust (Hon Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 66

18. Yik'izhi Dahszii Bigan Yits'i'itsih = Reverse StandingHand Thrust (Gyaku Dachi Te Tsuki) p. 68

19. Bidah Dahszii Yits'i'itsih = Front Standing Thrust (Shomen

Dachi Tsuki) p. 80

20. Bide' Dahszii Yits'i'itsih = Rear Standing Thrust (Ushiro Dachi Tsuki) p. 70

21. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Basic Hand Thrust to Half Standing(Hon Te TsukiHan Dachi) p. 66

or or

21. Da'andii Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Basic Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Hon Te Tsuki Han Dachi)

22. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Reverse Hand Thrust to Half Standing (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 68

or or

22. Yik'izhi Bigan Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Reverse Hand Thrust to Kneeling (Gyaku Te Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 68

23. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Front Thrust to Half Standing (ShomenTsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

or or

23. Bidah Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Front Thrust to Kneeling (Shomen Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 80

24. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Ildi'yu Dahszii = Rear Thrust to Half Standing (UshiroTsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

or or

24. Bide' Yits'i'itsih Hishzhiizh = Rear Thrust to Kneeling (Ushiro Tsuki Han Dachi) p. 70

A thorough daily practice session could be the following. The numerals tothe right of the words are the number of different types in each category.For example, there are three different types of grips.

.................................Twice Each Day

.................................--------------

.........I. Nayitihgo and/or

.............Honta (grips).........- 3

........II. Dahszii (stance)......- 1

.......III. Nagoz'aa (postures)...- 3

........IV. Nanayidisgeed Hizhoohi (combination techniques)

...................................- 51

.............B. Dalaa (one) Da'andii (fundamentals = kihon) Hizhoohi is done.................two times except for 1. b. iii. Hagodn' Aagee (at an.................oblique angle and/or diagonal = naname), which is done 3.................times, without pausing between the first and second and.................third time.

...................................- 25

.................1. Yinltlish (strikes)

...................................- 17

.....................b. Dahszii (standing)

...................................- 9

...........................i. Bidah (front)

..........................ii. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee (front at an oblique...............................angle; diagonal)

.........................iii. Bidah Ildi' (front middle level)

..........................iv. Bitsit'a' (overhead (from an arc as in v.)...............................Hogodn' Aagee (at an Oblique Angle; Diagonal)

...........................v. Hogodn' Aagee (at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal);...............................3 times)

..........................vi. Ildi' Nagoz'aa (middle level; from an arc as...............................in v. Hogodn Aagee (at an Oblique Angle;...............................Diagonal)

.........................vii. Hayaa (lower level)

........................viii. Bidah Haghahgo (front rising)

..........................ix. Bide' Hagon Haghahgo (rear angle rising)

.....................l. Ildi'yu Dahszii (to half standing) and/or

.........................Hishzhiizh (to kneeling)

...................................- 8

...........................i. Bidah (front)

..........................ii. Bidah Hogodn' Aagee (front at an oblique...............................angle; diagonal)

.........................iii. Bidah Ildi' (front middle level)

..........................iv. Bitsit'a' (overhead (from an arc as in v................................Hagodn' Aagee (at an Oblique Angle; Diagonal)

...........................v. Hagodn' Aagee (at an Oblique Angle (Diagonal);...............................3 times)

..........................vi. Ildi' Nagoz'aa (middle level; from an arc as...............................in v. Hagodn' Aagee (at an Oblique Angle;...............................Diagonal)

.........................vii. Hayaa (lower level)

........................viii. Bidah Haghahgo (front rising)

.................2. Yits'i'itsih (thrusts)

...................................- 8

.....................b. Dahszii (standing)

...................................- 4

...........................i. Da'andii Bigan (basic hand)

..........................ii. Yik'izhi' Bigan (reverse hand)

.........................iii. Bidah (front (as with a bayonet))

..........................iv. Bide' (rear)

.....................l. Ildi'yu Dahszii (to half standing) and/or

.........................Hishzhiizh (to kneeling)

...................................- 4

...........................i. Da'andii Bigan (basic hand)

..........................ii. Yik'izhi' Bigan (reverse hand)

.........................iii. Bidah (front (as with a bayonet))

..........................iv. Bide' (rear)

.............L. Nanayidisgeed Naki Ilta' Hizhoohi = Combination (Multiple).................Two Different Techniques (Renwaku Waza) p. 73

...................................- 24

.............F. Tsebii Ha'agot'i' Yinltlish = Eight Directions Striking.................................................(Happo Uchi) p. 80

...................................- 1

.............S. Tadin Dalaa Hotag Hadilde'go = 31-Count Practice (Goch'ital Dasahn Hadilde'go) (Formal Solo Excersize) (San-? Ichi-Renshu) p. 89

...................................- 1

"In actual hand-to-hand nagondzoog = combat, the individual [Ha'ashkee] must maintain mental awareness in a 360-degree defensive perimeter and physical mobility so that he reacts with the proper movement and counterattack. Mentally, the [Ha'ashkee] must visualize the basic Eight Avenues of Approach [Tsebii Bech'igot'i'yu] andbe ready to react physically to multiple attacks in accordance to the rhythm, timing and speed of the [ndaa']; with a primary focus of controlling the tempo of the battle [nagondzoog] in a cycle of consecutive and successful attacks, gaining positive momentum with each decisive win - Win or die (Echanis, 2009, p. 47)!"

* AIKIDO - 8 directions bokken cut (Happo Giri) Dunken Francis http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=GJDOnAaU-q4#t=0

aikido-in-kiel Ken - Happo Giri - basic form, variation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s170G_pt8rU&sns=fb

31 jo-kata http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqgoiRkmTtE&sns=fb

Saito Sensei Aikido 31 Jo Kata Ginny Breeland http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6prxkL9I9uY&feature=plpp&app=desktop

AIKIDO - 31 movement Jo kata from 3 viewpoints http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=IG7d2gxNwDY#t=0

Jo Kata: 31 Jo Kata (Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDNG40i1Auc&sns=fb-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 6

Other E'ile'hi Demonstrated During the Ha'ashkee Gojital ---------------------

"Semi-idiotic people believe that the N'dee of today is like his ancestor ofhalf a century ago; that he fights with bow and stone-headed arrows; that hehas learned nothing from experience..."

"Let it be well understood that the N'dee of today is armed with the bestkind of rifle, with Colt's six-shooters and with knives, and that, inaddition to these...While adopting our improved weapons, whenever occassionoffers, they never abandon those of their sires."

(Cremony, 1983, p. 188)

I. Ha'ashkee fought with knives. "Learn to use that knife. Defend yourself. Run, but fight if you have to...The girl learned the arts of self-protection. Her knife was part of her everyday costume, and she threw it accurately; she knew where to thrust it with deadly surety." (Boyer and Gayton, 1992, pp. 90 and 94) Read SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER-UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIAL TACTICS SERIES: KNIFE SELF-DEFENSE FOR COMBAT, Michael D. Echanis, 2009, Ohara.

II. The Gaan Bits'id Tiye = Purple Crown Holy-People or Gaande'yu = Purple Holy-People are some of the Bik'ehgo'ihi'nan = Gods whoare called: Ja-ja-deh or Jaade = Pronghorn Antelopes and dance with Hal = swords (Goodwin, 1994, p. 20 and Goodwin and Goodwin, 2000, p. 236) that have scabbards. So does another Gaande'yu = Purple Holy-Person who does not have a Bits'id = Crown representing antlers. He is:

Gray Gaan or the Clown (Boyer and Gayton, 1992, pp. 41, 42, 80, 223, and 282). Therefore, Hal E'ile'hi = Sword Art should be included in Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal. The Hal may be a direct connection with the Japanese sword.

III. The tsindil = club is from the Mojave, whose warriors included"Club Men (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, 2007, v. 8,p. 226)." It was also a favourite weapon of the Papago and Pima. Read SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER-UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIAL TACTICS SERIES: BASIC STICK FIGHTING FOR COMBAT, Michael D. Echanis, 2007, Ohara.

The Ha'ashkee Goch'itaal should have Idot'aal = Songs for the dances.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 7

Writing Apache Words --------------

When writing N'dee with a computer keyboard use the Keyboard Equivalents.The ^ is upside down. It should be reversed and above the consonant,however, the computer keyboard has only the ^ and it has to be after theconsonant. The , (comma) is backwards. It should be reversed and under thevowel; however, the computer keyboard has only the , (comma) and it has to beafter the vowel. I.B.M. made keyboards - but, God made N'dee.

Table 11 Scripts

.....Goodwin.......Phonetic.....Keyboard Equivalents

.....-------.......--------.....--------------------

....., (under......none........., (comma) nasalization (after a vowel) a vowel)

.....' (over.......none.........+ rising (high) tone (after a vowel) a vowel)

.....` (over.......none.........- falling (low) tone (after a vowel) a vowel)

.....` (before a...none.........h

.......consonant)

.......................................English Words

.......................................-------------

......`s........................sh.....shine

......`t........................th.....then and/or thin

......`c........................ch.....churn

......`g........................gh (w).get (what)

......`z....................... zh.....vision (the s is

.......................................pronounced as zh)

......dl...........none.........dl

......dj...........j^............j

.......'...........none..........' glottal stop (before or

...................................after a consonant or vowel)

.....tl/...........none.........t/

......tc...........c^...........ch

.......c...........s^...........sh

........ (under....none........... (period) spoken for

.........or after..................more time (lengthened)

.........a vowel)

.......a...........none.........aa

.......o...........none.........oo

.......u...........none.........uu

.......e...........none.........ee

.......i...........none.........ii

......j^...........z^...........zh

.......x...........x.............h

.......Y...<----...Y...<-----...gh...---- Capitalized Y

.....(Goodwin, 1994, pp. 17 and 29)

................................Keyboard Equivalents based on the

.....Hoijer.....................Mescalero Tribal Language Committee

.....------.....................-----------------------------------

....., (under a vowel).........., (comma) nasalization (after a vowel)

.....' (over a vowel)...........+ rising (high) tone (after a vowel)

.....` (over a vowel)...........- falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

.......'........................' glotal stop (before or

..................................after a consonant or vowel)

.......b........................b

.......l........................l

.......+ (sl).................../

.......s........................s

......s^........................sh

.......n........................n

......nd........................nd

.......x or h...................h

.......d........................d

.......^........................dl

.......3........................dz

.......t........................t

......t'........................t'

......^/........................tl and t/

.....^/'........................tl' and t/'

.......c........................ts

......c'........................ts'

......c^........................ch

.....c^'........................ch'

.......m........................m

.......g........................g

.......y...<-----------------...gh...<---- Lower Case y

.......a........................a

......a.........................aa

.......o........................u

......o.........................uu

.......e........................e

......e.........................ee

.......i........................i

......i.........................ii

......3^........................j

.......k........................k

.......Y...<-----------------...Y....<---- Capitalized

.......z........................z

......z^........................zh

.....(SOUTHWESTERN INDIAN RITUAL DRAMA, edited by Charlotte J. Frisbie, 1980,.....University of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.,p......156)

.....Basso......................Keyboard Equivalents

.....-----......................--------------------

....., (under a vowel).........., (comma) nasalization (after a vowel)

.....' (over a vowel)...........+ rising (high) tone (after a vowel)

.....` (over a vowel)...........- falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

.....'..........................' glotal stop (before or

..................................after a consonant or vowel)

........b.......................b

........l.......................l

.......l/......................./

........s.......................s

.......sh.......................sh

........n.......................n

........h.......................h

.......hw (wh)..................hw (wh)

........d.......................d

.......dl.......................dl

.......dz.......................dz

........t.......................t

.......t'.......................t'

......tl/.......................t/

.....tl/'.......................t/'

.......ts.......................ts

......ts'.......................ts'

.......ch.......................ch

......ch'.......................ch'

........m.......................m

........g.......................g

.......gh (gh or w).............gh (gh or w)

........a.......................a

.......aa.......................aa

........o.......................o

.......oo.......................oo

........e.......................e

.......ee.......................ee

........i.......................i

.......ii.......................ii

........k.......................k

.......k'.......................k'

.......kw (qu)..................kw (qu)

.......zh.......................zh

.....(Basso, 1990)

.....Bray.......................Keyboard Equivalents

.....----.......................--------------------

....., (under a vowel).........., (comma) nasalization (after a vowel)

.....' (over a vowel)...........+ rising (high) tone (after a vowel)

.....` (over a vowel)...........- falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

.....'..........................' glotal stop (before or

..................................after a consonant or vowel)

.......b........................b

.......l........................l

......l/......................../....<---- different

.......s........................s

......sh........................sh

.......n........................n

.......h........................h

......hw........................wh...<---- different

.......d........................d

......dl........................dl

......dz........................dz

.......t........................t

.....tl/........................t/...<---- different

......ts........................ts

.......c........................ch...<---- different

.......m........................m

.......g........................g

......gh........................gh

.......a........................a

......aa........................aa

......a+........................a+

......a,........................a,

.....a,+........................a,+

.......o........................o

......oo........................oo

......o+........................o+

......o,........................o,

.....o,+........................o,+

......u+........................u+

.......e........................e

......ee........................ee

......e+........................e+

......e,........................e,

.....e,+........................e,+

.......i........................i

......ii........................ii

......i+........................i+

......i,........................i,

.....i,+........................i,+

.......j........................j

.......k........................k

.......w........................w

.......y........................y

.......z........................z

......zh........................zh

.....(Bray, 2002)

Some N'dee words that have been recorded in the English language aredifficult to find in a N'dee dictionary. One reason of course, isdialectical variations (Bray, 2002, p. xii). Another reason may be that thepronunciation of a sound of a particular consonant or vowel may be betweentwo similar sounds and therefore, some speakers and/or listeners may stressone consonanat or vowel and other speakers and/or listeners may stresstheother. For example: the word N'dee (Apache) is many times spelled andpronounced Ndee, without the glottal stop ' and is sometimes spelled,pronounced, and heard as Nnee. The pronunciation of the first sound in theword may between an "n" and a "d" and so, some people say and/or hear more ofthe "d" sound and others say and/or hear more of the "n." But, the originaluses the glottal stop ' and is therefore: N'dee. The glottal stop betweenthe n and the d has resulted in the Navajo name for themselves: Dine.Ofcourse, the n and d sounds are related and are easily interchanged.

"allophone, one of the phonetically distinct variants of a phoneme. The occurance of one allophone rather than another is usually determined by its position in the word (initial, final, medial, etc.) or by its phonetic environment. Speakers of a language often have difficulty in hearing the phonetic differences between allophones of the same phoneme, because these differences do not serve to distinguish one word from another. In English the t sound in the words "hit," "tip," and "little" are allophones; phonemically they are considered to be the same sound although

they are different phonetically in terms of aspiration, voicing, and point of articulation. In Japanese and some dialects of Chinese, the sounds f and h are allophones" (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, 2007, v. 1, p. 283).

An example involving Ndaa' and/or Nnaa (White Man and/or Enemy) is therecorded word for White Eye (White Man): Pindah-lickoyee (Haley, 1981, pp.51 and 52). There is no "p" sound in the dictionary. However, the "b" soundis in it and is undeniably what is meant. Binaa and Bidaa both mean eyes.The "n" and "d" in those words also indicate a sound pronounced between them,best recorded as "nd" or the original glottal stop ' between them has beenlost (refer to N'dee Autobody, 606 Chief Avenue North, Whiteriver, WhiteMountain Apache Reservation, Arizona, 928-338-5115). "Lickoyee" is spelled"ligayi" in the dictionary and means "white." Pindah-lickoyee (Bidaa-ligayiand/or Binaa-ligayi) means: Eyes-white. To ignore the "P" sound altogetherjust because it's not in the dictionary and use only "indah" (the h inthiscase, represents the glottal stop that is represented by ' in the dictionary)or its variations which include: "Innaa," "Indaa," "'Ndaa," "Ndaa'," and"Nnaa," results in White-Man White. Close, but not accurate. There'salsothe dialectical variation between the Navajo and/or Nabajo "v" and theApache"b." Be aware of variations, even in English records. Some equivalents tolook for are:

Table 12 Consonants

.....Labials:....= b = f = m = p = v = w = wh

.....Linguals:...= l = n = r = rh

.....Dentals:....= s = sh = d = dh = t = th = ch = j = z = zh

.....Palatals:...= ng = k (c) = q = g = gh = y

.....Glotal Stop.= ' = k (c) = h

.....N'dee:......= n = d = g = z

For example, some of the Sioux call themselves in their language any of threenames: Lakota, Nakota, and/or Dakota.

There are 13 Chinese languages that the speakers of one language

cannotunderstand the speakers of the other languages. However, the speakersof all13 languages use only one Chinese writing system: Ideograms. In almostevery case, one ideogram equals one word. Each ideogram is made of, from oneto 17 or more sticks (tsih or ts), which the Chinese call strokes. The oneideogram (word) in Chinese writing for the English word "horse" means horsein each of the 13 languages. Anyone who speaks any of the 13 Chineselanguages and can read the one Chinese writing system, ideograms, knows thatthat one ideogram means horse, even though that word will be pronounced 13different ways. Furthermore, there's about 40,000 thousand words (ideograms)in any of the 13 Chinese languages. The average speaker of English usesabout 10,000 words. Therefore, when using a computer key-board to write theApache language, the alphabetic characters may be the only characters thatare necessary. A speaker of Apache will pronounce the nasalizations andfalling tones and rising tones, without having to see added symbols for them.

Finally, there's the Chiricahua. They apparently use the P sound. Thedifference probably involves allophones. The best thing to do in their caseis to throw away all of your dictionaries, tell your anthropologists friendsand Navajo interpreters to take a hike to the holy part of Mount Graham (thetop one fourth, according to the Interior Department), and just live on theRez for a year.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 8

Calendar ---------

There are six wild food gathering seasons. Each one can be divided into twoparts and used to correspond to the 12 months of the European calendar. Byusing the season names for the first months of the pairs, the heritageisbetter preserved. For example, Ditaa Bil Shoh (Thick with Frost) forSeptember indicates that even though the N'dee lived in Southern Texasandthe deserts of northern Mexico, they migrated from the North.

Table 13 Seasons (Months)

.......1. Itsa Bizhaahe..........Eagles Little.....Early Spring; March

................-or-

.......1. Tsi Nadaaze............Stick Corn-plant..March

.......2. T'aa'nachil............- unknown -.......April

.......3. Laa Bit'aa'............Many Leaves.......Late Spring and

....................................................early summer; May

.......4. Nii'chehe..............- unknown -.......June

.......5. Cho Bit'aa'............Large Leaves......Mid-Summer; July

.......6. Binest'ants'ose........Harvest Little....August

.......7. Ditaa Bil Shoh.........Thick with Frost..Late Summer to Early....................................................Fall, Harvest Time;....................................................September

................-or-

.......7. Binest'ancho...........Harvest Large.....September

.......8. Ghaazhi'...............- unknown -.......October

.......9. Ni'gosdzan Hilchil'....Earth Reddish.....Late Fall; November...........Hishtlish..............Brown

................-or-

.......9. Zas Nlt'ees............Snow Good.........November

......10. Ko' Baa Nalk'as........Fire His-Mother...December

..................................Came

......11. Binaideel Binii'.......Ghost Face........Winter; January

................-or-

......11. Shashke'...............Bear, in..........January

..................................accordance with

......12. Bunashch'iid...........Owls Hoot Evil....February

Table 14 Morning

.....1. Hadiyeskaa......................Earlymorning/dawn

.........................................(3:00 a.m. - 6:00 a.m.)

...........-or-

.....1. Hayilkaa

.....2. Dalbina'........................Midmorning (7:00 - 10:00 a.m.)

...........-or-

.....2. Dahbida'

...........-or-

.....2. T'albih

...........-or-

.....2. T'albihna'

...........-or-

.....2. Taalbin

.....3. Haz'aazhi'......................Latemorning

.........................................(10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.)

...........-or-

.....3. Dahn'aago

* 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. is the gray period of dawn.

Table 15 Dates

.....Dzil Ligai Si'aani......Chiricahua

.....N'dee...................N'dee.................English..........Digits.....------------------......----------............-------..........------

.....dohat'iida..............-unknown-.............zero.............0

.......-or-

.....dohwaada

.......-or-

.....doo hant'e da

.....dalaa...................tashaa................one..............1

.....naki....................nahke.................two..............2

.....taagi...................kahya.................three............3

.....dii'i...................tinya.................four.............4

.....ashdla'i................ashtla................five.............5

.....gostan..................hostkona..............six..............6

.....gosts'idi...............hosteda...............seven............7

.......-or-

.....gosts'igi

.....tsebii..................hahpe.................eight............8

.....ngost'ai................ngosta................nine.............9

.....goneznan................gonanana..............ten.............10

.....la'ts'adah..............klats'taha............eleven..........11

...................................................the one (la')

...................................................stick (ts)

...................................................thus (a)

...................................................upon (doh) &/or

...................................................zero (dah)

.....................................................1 (the one stick)...................................................+10 (thus zero)....................................................--....................................................11 * (see below)

.....nakits'adah.............nahkeesahtah..........twelve..........12

.....tats'adah...............kahyasahtah...........thirteen........13

.....dii'ts'adah.............tinsahtaha............fourteen........14

.....ashdla'adah.............ashtlasahtahha........fifteen.........15

.....gostats'adah............hostkonsahtahha.......sixteen.........16

.....gosts'idts'adah.........hostesahtahha.........seventeen.......17

.......-or-

.....gosts'igts'adah

.....tsebiits'adah...........sampsahtaha...........eighteen........18

.....ngost'aits'adah.........ngostesahtaha.........nineteen........19

.....nadin...................nahtinya..............twenty..........20

.....nadin dalaa.............nahtinya tashaa.......twenty-one......21

.....nadin naki..............nahtinya nahke........twenty-two......22

.....nadin taagi.............nahtinya kahya........twenty-three....23

.....nadin dii'i.............nahtinya tinya........twenty-four.....24

.....nadin ashdla'i..........nahtinya ashtla.......twenty-five.....25

.....nadin gostan............nahtinya hostkona.....twenty-six......26

.....nadin gosts'idi.........nahtinya hosteda......twenty-seven....27

.......-or-

.....nadin gosts'igi

.....nadin tsebii............nahtinya hahpe........twenty-eight....28

.....nadin ngost'ai..........nahtinya ngosta.......twenty-nine.....29

.....tadin...................kahtinya..............thirty..........30

.....tadin dalaa.............kahtinya tashaa.......thirty-one......31

.....tadin naki..............kahtinya nahke........thirty-two......32

* A great Mimbreno N'dee Nant'an, Mah-ko (Ma' = Fox and/or Wolf and ko= cho = big; Fox-big, Wolf, and/or Wolf-big; Juan Jose Compa (Compe), who was murdered at the village of Cloverdale, Hidalgo county, New Mexico, on 22 April 1837, spoke and read Spanish. He probably adopted and developed "positional notation" for the N'dee decimal system, whereby, each digit represents a power of ten. For example, in the number 423: the number 4 is in the 100 position, the number 2 is in the 10 position, and the number 3 is in the 1 position: 400 = 4 x 100 + 20 = 2 x 10 + 3 = 3 x 1 --------------- 423 = 423

Each of the names for the numbers in Apache from 11 through 19 has the word "ts" in it, except for number 15. However, "ts" could have been in 15 and later dropped. In any case, a lot of thought was put into

adopting positional notation for the Apache decimal system.

Table 16 Days

.....1...Ya'ai Jii.......................Sunday....(Sunday and Eastday)

.................................................-or-

.....1...Dilhil Jii......................Blackday..(Sunday)

.....2...Dahitaa Jii.....................Moonday...(Monday)

.....3...Ni'gosdzan Jii..................Earthday..(Tuesday)

.....4...Nagoltiih Jii...................Rainday...(Wednesday)

.....5...Hayaago Jii.....................Southday..(Thursday)

.................................................-or-

.....5...Dotl'izh Jii....................Blueday...(Thursday)

.................................................-or-

.........................................Greenday..(Thursday)

.................................................-or-

.........................................Purpleday.(Thursday)

.....6...Ona'it'ahyu Jii.................Westday...(Friday)

.................................................-or-

.....6...Litsog Jii......................Yellowday.(Friday)

.................................................-or-

.........................................Orangeday.(Friday)

.....7...Hadaazhi' Jii...................Northday..(Saturday)

.................................................-or-

.....7...Ligayi Jii......................Whiteday..(Saturday)

Table 17 Grey (Gray)

In some cultures some colours are the same as other colours. For example, the Celts considered blue, green, and gray (grey, sallow,

pallid, pale, whitishness, and/or wan) to be the same colour or paired in some ways.

.....blue = liath, glastum, gorm, gorman, gormadh, gormachd, guirme,

.............guirmean, guirmeanach, guirmeanaich, guirmead, and

.............guirmeachd (FACLAIR GAIDHLIG GU BEURLA LE DEALBHAN -

.............DWELLY'S ILLUSTRATED GAELIC TO ENGLISH DICTIONARY, Edward

.............Dwelly, F.S.A. (Scot.), F.S.G., Honourable Life Member of

.............The Gaelic Society of London and Honourable Life Member of.............An Comunn Gaidhealach, 1994, Gairm Publications: Glasgow,.............Scotland, U.K., pp. 501, 517, and 533 and THE NEW.............ENGLISH-GAELIC DICTIONARY, Derick S. Thomson, compiler and.............editor, MA., B.A., D. Litt., F.R.S.E., 1996, F.B.A., and.............formerly Professor of Celtic, University of Glasgow, Gairm.............Publications, p. 18)

.....green = glas, glasrach, glasraich, glaise, glaiseachd, gorm,

.............gormadh, guirme, guirmead, uaine, uainealach, uainealachd,.............uainealaich, uainead, uaineachadh, and uainich (Dwelly,.............1994, pp. 500, 517, 533, and 986 and Thomson, 1996, p. 89)

.....grey = leith, leithe, leithead, liath, liathtas, liathadh,

.............liathach, liathachd, liathachadh, liathaich, liathaichte,

.............glas, glas-neul, glas-neulach, glas-neulachd,

.............glas-neulachas, glasdaidh, glasdaidheachd, glasanaich,

.............glasail, glais-neulach, glais-neulachd, glaise, glaisead,

.............glaiseachd, uaine, uainealach, uainead, uaineachadh, and

.............uainich (Dwelly, 1994, pp. 498, 500, 501, 582, 588, 589,

.............and 986 and Thomson, 1996, pp. 89, 152, and 232)

That's why our ExtraTerrestrials (ET) who are called "Small Greys" are the same beings from outer space as the Little Green Men (Leprechauns) of Irish oral history. Le = Leth = Leith = Liath = somewhat, semi, half, gray (grey) and/or one of a pair; prech = breac = chequered (plaid and/or tartan) which results from one or more pairs of bands and/or lines that are not parallel in a plane (a graphical representation of "Two lines determine a point." in non-Euclidian "Projective geometry [which] has a lattice structure that can be seen by ordering the points, lines, and planes by the inclusion relation (THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition, 2007, v. 4, p. 246);"

auns = an = little and/or small. Lethbreacan (Leprechaun) is a play on words. It means Little Half of a Pair which is a Little Partner and/or aLittle Fellow (to a full human) = a wee lad and/or a wee lass = a laddieand/or a lassie as they say in the Lowlands (ie means little, small, andwee). Lethbreacan (Leprechaun) also means Leithbreacan and/or Liathbreacan: Little Grey Partner and/or Little Grey Fellow = a wee grey lad and/or a wee grey lass = a grey laddie and/or a grey lassie. Other Celticnames for Greys are Glaisrig (Female fairy, half-human, half-beast, Whitley Strieber's paediatrician (Ishtar, Inanna, and/or Nin Khursag); "Enki [Child of the Waters] counterargued that producing a hybrid--half Anunnaki and half primitive human..., Marrs, 2013, pp. 141-149, 151, and 160") and Glaistig (Beautiful female fairy, usually attired in a green robe - Nin Khursag, Billy Meier's girl-friend; "`The thin arms art style [of Easter Island] is exactly like the...unearthed megaliths at Gobekli Tepe in Turkey. This alone speaks volumes and if this isn't convincing enough, the two large symbols on the back of the Moai [Easter Island head statues] are of the same theme and style, too,' he [Wayne Herschel] noted after visiting the island," Marrs, 2013, p. 94). The Gaande'yu (Purple Holy-Person and/or Clown) is also called the Grey One (Marrs, 2013, pp. 82 and 83). Geronimo's father's name was The Grey One. That might explain a lot. Then there's Dulce, New Mexico on the Jicarilla Reservation. Go figure. You might want to bring some anthropologists this time. They can walk point all the way down to level 7.

* pp. 14 (blue), 21 (purplish-pink), 30 (Doctor Nin Khursag Praying Mantis, Medical Doctor, Obstetrics, Genetics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics), 32 (bluish-white; part gray and part human), 41 (Dr. NinKhursag P. Mantis; part human and part gray), 86 (bluish-purple; purple; blue), 87 (mixtures of human and gray), 93 (diffused, blue light), 124 (eggs

and sperm taken from humans were being "grafted" with alien genetics), 144 (bluish-gray), 145 (bluish-gray; Dr. Mantis), ALIENATED: A QUEST TO UNDERSTAND CONTACT, with an introduction by Debbie Jordan (White) Kauble, Jeanne Marie Robinson, 1997, Greenleaf Publications: Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.

http://beforeitsnews.com/paranormal/2014/04/caution-reading-this-will-put- a-target-on-your-head-the-dulce-base-revealed-from-a-scientist-now-in- hiding-possible-dead-2466980.html

http://www.theyfly.com/

http://www.unknowncountry.com/

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vida_alien/esp_vida_alien_18za.htm-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix 1

Work-out One ------------

B. Every Even Numbered Day of the Month.

.......................................Minor.........Minor.........MinorExcersizes...............Settings......Set 1.........Set 2.........Set3.----------...............--------......------........------........------

Dumb-bells----------

Major Set 1.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...12 1/2 lbs....10 lbs........8 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...10 lbs........8 lbs.........7 1/2 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...25 lbs........20 lbs........15 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...25 lbs........20 lbs........15 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...25 lbs........20 lbs........15 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...25 lbs........20 lbs........15 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...8 lbs.........7 1/2 lbs.....5 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

L. Every Odd Numbered Day of the Month.

Major Set 1.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...10 (30) lbs.7 1/2 (27 1/2)..5 (25).....and/or Sled.........===========...20 (84) lbs..15 (79) lbs....10 (74)

.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...10 (15).....7 1/2 (12 1/2)..5 (10).....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...4 lbs.........3 lbs.........2 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...20 (35) lbs...15 (30) lbs...10 (25).......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...7 1/2 (27 1/2).5 (25)...2 1/2 (22 1/2).....and/or Sled.........===========...15 (79) lbs...10 (74) lbs...5 (69).......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...7 1/2 (12 1/2).5 (10)....2 1/2 (7 1/2).....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...3 lbs.........2 lbs.........1 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...15 (30) lbs...10 (25).lbs...5 (20) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...5 (25) lbs..2 1/2 (22 1/2)..0 (20).....and/or Sled.........===========...10 (74) lbs...5.(69) lbs....0 (64).......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...5 (10)......2 1/2 (7 1/2)...0 (5).....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...2 lbs.........1 lbs.........0 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...10 (25) lbs...5 (20) lbs....0 (15) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

1. Tread Mill..........6 miles per hour 20 - 60 minutes----------------------

Work-out Two ------------

B. Every Even Numbered Day of the Month.

.......................................Minor.........Minor.........MinorExcersizes...............Settings......Set 1.........Set 2.........Set3.----------...............--------......------........------........------

Dumb-bells----------

Major Set 1.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20

lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...10 lbs........8 lbs.........7 1/2 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...35 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...12 1/2 lbs....10 lbs........8 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs.

.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...30 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...10 lbs........8 lbs.........7 1/2 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

L. Every Odd Numbered Day of the Month.

Major Set 1.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...5 (25)......2 1/2 (22 1/2)..0 (20) lbs.....and/or Sled.........===========...10 (74) lbs...5 (69) lbs....0 (64) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...5 (10)......2 1/2 (7 1/2)...0 (5) lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...2 lbs.........1 lbs.........0 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...10 (25) lbs...5 (20) lbs....0 (15) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...7 1/2 (27 1/2).5 (25)...2 1/2 (22 1/2).....and/or Sled.........===========...15 (79) lbs...10 (74) lbs...5 (69) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...7 1/2 (12 1/2).5 (10)....2 1/2

(7 1/2).....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...3 lbs.........2 lbs.........1 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...15 (30) lbs...10 (25) lbs...5 (20) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...5 (25)......2 1/2 (22 1/2)..0 (20) lbs.....and/or Sled.........===========...10 (74) lbs...5 (69) lbs....0 (64) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...5 (10)......2 1/2 (7 1/2)...0 (5) lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...2 lbs.........1 lbs.........0 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...10 (25) lbs...5 (20) lbs....0 (15) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

1. Tread Mill..........6 miles per hour 20 - 60 minutes----------------------

Work-out Three --------------

B. Every Even Numbered Day of the Month.

.......................................Minor.........Minor.........MinorExcersizes...............Settings......Set 1.........Set 2.........Set3.

----------...............--------......------........------........------

Dumb-bells----------

Major Set 1.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...30 lbs........35 lbs........30 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...30 lbs........35 lbs........30 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...30 lbs........35 lbs........30 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...30 lbs........35 lbs........30 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...10 lbs........12 1/2 lbs....10 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...25 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...25 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...25 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...25 lbs........30 lbs........25 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...8 lbs.........10 lbs.........8 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Over-head Presses...===========...20 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Arm Curls...........===========...20 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Bench Presses.......===========...20 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Bent-over...........===========...20 lbs........25 lbs........20 lbs......Pick-ups..........................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

5. Reverse Wrist.......===========...7 1/2 lbs......8 lbs........7 1/2 lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

L. Every Odd Numbered Day of the Month.

Major Set 1.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...5 (25) lbs..7 1/2 (27 1/2)..5 (25) lbs.....and/or Sled.........===========...10 (74) lbs...15 (79) lbs...10 (74).......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...5 (10) lbs..7 1/2 (12 1/2)..5

(10) lbs.....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...2 lbs.........3 lbs.........2 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...10(25) lbs....15 (30) lbs...10 (25).......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 2.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...2 1/2 (22 1/2).5 (25)...2 1/2 (22 1/2).....and/or Sled.........===========...5 (69) lbs....10 (74) lbs...5 (69) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...2 1/2 (7 1/2).5 (10).....2 1/2 (7 1/2).....Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...1 lbs.........2 lbs.........1 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...5 (20) lbs....10 (25) lbs...5 (20) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

Major Set 3.------------

1. Leg Presses.........===========...0 (20)lbs...2 1/2 (22 1/2)..0 (20).....and/or Sled.........===========...0 (64) lbs....5 (69) lbs....0.(64) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

2. Prone Leg...........===========...0 (5) lbs...2 1/2 (7 1/2)...0 (5) lbs......Curls.............................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

3. Sit Ups.............Level # 4 ...0 lbs.........1 lb..........0 lbs........................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

4. Heal Raises.........===========...0 (15) lbs... 5 (20) lbs....0 (15) lbs.......................................8 reps........8 reps........8 reps.

1. Tread Mill..........6 miles per hour 20 - 120 minutes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix 2

Important Dates in the Lives of Apache Warriors ------------------------

Goyaa'Le

......1. Battle of "Kaskiyeh"

..........- late spring of 1851

......2. Escape from the Chiricahua

..........Reservation - 8 June 1876

......3. Escape from the San Carlos

..........Reservation - 4 April 1878

......4. Rescue of his three wives

..........from the San Carlos Reservation

..........- 2 August 1878

......5. Cibique Massacre - 30 August 1881

......6. Escape from the San Carlos

..........Reservation - 30 September 1881

......7. Escape of the Ch'ihenna' from the San

..........Carlos Reservation - 18 April 1882

......8. Ambush by Garcia - 29 April 1882

......9. Capture of General Crook - 21 May 1883

.....10. Escape from the San Carlos

..........Reservation - 17 May 1885

.....11. Rescue of one of his wives and

..........daughter from the San Carlos

..........Reservation - 22 September 1885

.....12. Escape from General

..........Crook - 28 March 1886-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix 3

Clear Figures and Tables ------------------------

Figure 1b Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres

+---------+ | ^ | ^ | | | | |22 inches| | | | | | | v | | X X X X | <----------four 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | | belts loops in front | | | | | | | | |26 inches| 6 1/2 feet <---twisted here in | | | (78 inches) middle between legs | | | long | | | | | v | | X X X X X | <----------five 1 3/4 inch long belt | ^ | | loops in back on other side | | | | of fabric when loincloth | | | | is laid flat as shown |27 inches| | | | | | | | | | | v | v +---------+ | | | 1 yard | |(3 feet) | |(36 inch)| | wide |

Figure 1l Loincloth for wearer 6 feet tall wool

+-------------+ | ^ | ^ | | | | | | | | | 29 inches | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | v | | X X X X | <------four 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | | belts loops in front | | | | | | | | | | | | | 34 inches | 103 inches <---twisted here in | | | long middle between legs | | | | | | | | | v | | X X X X X | <------five 1 3X4 inch long belt | ^ | | loops in back on other side | | | | of fabric when loincloth | | | | is laid flat as shown | | | | | 36 inches | | | (3 feet) | | | (1 yard) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | v | v +-------------+ | | | 48 inches | | (4 feet) | | (1 1/3 yds) | | wide |

* Wool shrinks (loses) 25% of its length and width over the life of the fabric

Figure 2b Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres

+---------+ Front Piece of Skirt | ^ | ^ -------------------- | 21 inch | | | | | | | v | 45 1/2 X X X X inches <--------four 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | long belts loops in front

|22 1/2 in| | | | | | | v | v +---------+

| 1 yard | |<3 feet) | |(36 inch)| | wide |

+---------+ Back Piece of Skirt | ^ | ^ ------------------- |23 1/2 in| | | | | | | v | 47 1/2 X X X X X inches <--------five 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | long belt loops in back | 22 inch | | | | | | | v | v +---------+

The front piece and the back piece are hung over the belt which is around the wearer's waist such that the bottom edges of both pieces are level with each other The back piece is one inch more than the the front piece in order to allow for the extra length needed to hang over the wearer's buttocks Also, the belt in the front of the wearer tends to hang a little lower than the belt in the back of the wearer

Figure 2l Small Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall wool

+-------------+ Front Piece of Skirt | ^ | ^ -------------------- | | | | | 29 1/2 in | | | | | | | | | | | v | 58 X X X X inches <----four 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | long belts loops in front | | | | | 28 1/2 in | | | | | | | | | | | v | v +-------------+

| 48 inches | | (4 feet) | | (1 1/3 yds) | | wide |

+-------------+ Back Piece of Skirt | ^ | ^ ------------------- | | | | | 29 1/2 in | | | | | | | | | | | v | 60 X X X X X inches <----five 1 3/4 inch long | ^ | long belt loops in back | | | | | 30 1/2 in | | | | | | | | | | | v | v +-------------+

Figure 3b Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall buckskin, leather, linen, silk, hemp, cotton, and other natural vegetable fibres

+----------------------------------------------+ | | ^ |<----------------2 2/3 yards----------------->| | | (8 feet) | | |soft wide other side | | |velcro hard velcro | | || middle | | 1 1/3 yards |v v v | (4 feet) eight 1 3/4 |O X X X X X X OX X (48 inches) <-inch long |^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^| high belts loops || | | | | | | | || | X and one |21 inches up 22 inches up 21 inches up| | 1 3/4 inch || | | | | | | | || | longvelcro || | | | | | | | || | O, 1foot || v v v v v v v v| v apart +----------------------------------------------+

The Belt loops are about 1 foot apart from each other

Figure 3l Wrap Skirt for wearer 6 feet tall wool

+----------------------------------------------+ | | ^ |<------------------4 yards------------------->| | | (12 feet) | 1 2/3 yards |soft wide other side | (5 feet) |velcro hard velcro | (60 inches) || middle | | up to |v v v | 2 yards eight 1 3/4 |O X X X X X X OX X (6 feet) <--inchlong |^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^| (72 inches) beltloops || | | | | | | | || high X and one |24 inches up 25 inches up 24 inches up| | 1 3/4 inch || | | | | | | | || | longvelcro || | | | | | | | || | O, 1foot || v v v v v v v v| v apart +----------------------------------------------+

Table 1 Tonto

Spanish Navajo Apache English ------- ------ -------

Vinni Bini' Brain; the Spanish used Navajo interpreters (Moorhead, 1976, pp 177, 180, 182) from the Canoncito band ([Dine'e Ana'i] = Navajo Enemy), V and B are equivalent (DINE: A HISTORY OF THE NAVAJOS, Peter Iverson, 2002, University of New Mexico Press, pp 18 and 29)

etti edih dead/missing

nen-ne nnee people/Apache N'dee people/Apache dine people/Navajo dene people/Navajo

Vinniettinen-ne Bi-ne-e-dine

Brains-Dead-People Brains-Missing-People Brainsless-People No-Brains-People Dead-Brains-People Missing-Brains-People People-Missing-Brains

Bini'adih He-is-insane Bini'edih He-is-crazy

Table 2 Ways of Thinking

Old Way of Thinking New Way of Thinking (Dualism) -------------------- ----------------------------------------

What can we learn Civilized Europeans | Savages from our neighbors | and what do we have Peaceful Europeans | Enemies to share with them? | ("Love your neighbor Generous Europeans | Useless as yourself ") | Eaters | Rich Europeans | Trespassers | and Thieves | on the land | over all of | which our God | gave us | dominion | Educated and | Clowns Intelligent Europeans | and | Idiots

("The love of tools is the root of all evil ")

Table 3 Den-ne

jen-ne = den-ne dene dine din = this one/this person

-ne = -nee = we/us -n = nominalizer (indicating a person) and/or you

-e = -i = indefinate pronoun, somebody, something, and/or I

Table 4 Vowels

Broad Vowels Narrow Vowels ------------ -------------

a e o i u

Table 5 Out of Asia

Homo Erectus Ergaster --------------------- 1 Oldowan Industry - p 98 and Hawks 2 Abbevillian (Chellian) Ind - p 98 3 Acheulian Ind - p 98 and Hawks --------------------------------------- | Homo (Erectus seu Sapiens) Palaeohungaricus ------------------------------------------- 1 Acheulian Ind - p 103 and Hawks 2 Mousterian Ind - p 111 ---------------------------- | -------------------------------- | | |1 San (!Kung and G/wi) | Altaic2 and Cro-Magnon | (Homo Erectus Neandertal,Hawks) (Homo Erectus Sapiens) | -------------------------------- ---------------------- | 1 Acheulian Ind - p 111, 115 1 Chatelperronian Ind | and Hawks 2 Perigordian Ind | 2 Mousterian Ind - p 105 3 Aurignacian Ind - p 117 | ---------------------------- (Killer of Enemies) | | 4 Gravettian Ind | | ------------------- | | | | | ------------------------------------------------ | Palaeo-Siberian (Homo Erectus Sapiens) | Dene-Yeniseian --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------

| | | Na-Dene Solutrean Ind p 117 Tungusic ------- (Clovis) ------- | --------------------- | Athabascan | Korean ---------- Dene-Celtic ------ | [Tuatha De | N'dee/Navajo Danaan (Dana Japanese (Child of the Danu, Daoine, -------- Waters) Dene, and/or ------------ Dine)], Coille Daoine (Dene and/or Dine) and/or [(Caledonii, Cale-Daoine (Cale-Dene and/or Cale- Dine)], and/or Cruith Neachd -------------

Table 6 Glacial Stages

1 Gunz/Nebraskan Glacial Stage 1,000,000 to 900,000 years ago

2 Mindel/Kansan Glacial Stage 750,000 to 675,000 years ago

3 Riss/Illinoian Glacial Stage 375,000 to 275,000 years ago

4 Wurm-Wurm IV/Wisconsin-Mankato Glacial Stage 36,500 to 7,000 years ago

Table 7 Out of Beringia/Back to Asia

Homo Erectus Ergaster --------------------- 1 Oldowan Industry 2 Abbevillian (Chellian) Ind 3 Acheulian Ind ------------------------------- | Homo (Erectus seu Sapiens) Palaeohungaricus ------------------------------------------- | | Dene-Yeniseian Altaic (Homo Erectus Sapiens) (Homo Erectus Neandertal) ---------------------- ------------------------- | 1 Acheulian Ind

Na-Dene 2 Mousterian Ind ------- ------------------- | | Athabascan | ---------- | | | | | N'dee/Navajo | | (Child of the | | Waters) | | ------------ | | | ----------------------------------------- | Paleo-Siberian ------------------------ | | Aurignacian Tungusic (Killer of Enemies) -------- ------------------- | | Korean San and ------ Cro-Magnon | ----------- Japanese Solutrean Ind - 117 -------- (Clovis) -------------------- | Dene-Celtic [Tuatha De Danaan (Dana, Danu, Daoine, Dene, and/or Dine)], Coille Daoine [(Caledonii, Cale-Daoine (Cale-Dene and/or Cale-Dine)], and Cruith Neachd -------------

Table 8 Classificatory Noun, Measure, Countre, and Verb Stem System Correspondences in the N'dee, Chinese, and Japanese languages

N'dee Chinese Japanese ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Category 1 taa, tih, tiih 1 ba 1 hon

Single, solid, objects with a long cylindrical non-animal objects, handle things un-enclosed in a

container, that are 1 gen rigid and whose length is at least long, thin objects three times greater than their width or 1 tiao height (slender) long, narrow things

1 zhi

stick-like things

folding knife, brushes, knives, bottles, hunting knife, keys, umbrellas, cigarettes pocket knife, car chairs, towel, key, metal bolt, boat, pair of nail, screw, wire trousers, skirt, brad, fence post, river, road, log, pen, pencil, street, rope, rifle, shotgun, needle, pillar, blade of grass suasage, pen, chopstick, candle, flute, rifle, long stemmed rose ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 2 'aa, 'aah, 'ah 2 ben 2 ko

Single, solid, things that are small, round non-animal objects, bound things un-enclosed in a container, that are 2 ce rigid and whose length is less than copy, volume three times as great as their 2 ding width or height (bulky) things with a top

2 jie

sections of things

2 ke

small round things

2 kuai

things that come in

chunks or solid pieces

2 li

very small round things

2 qi

issues of things that are bound

2 tao sets of books, clothing, tools, furniture

2 zhi

one of a pair

book, hat, box, book, magazine, fruit flashlight battery, volume, copy, hat, cake of soap, rock, cap, things with a shoe, boot top, soap, stone, issues of a periodical, magazine, journal, sets of books, shoe ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 3 tsoos, tsooz 3 chuang 3 mai

single, solid, 3 feng flat things non-animal objects, un-enclosed in a 3 jian container, that are not rigid and whose 3 kuai length is less than three times as 3 pian great as their width or height 3 tiao (bulky) long, narrow things

3 zhang

flat things

piece of paper, quilt, blanket, stamps, pieces of cloth, blanket, sheet, letter, paper tortilla, trousers, telegram, clothes, T-shirt, shirt, shirt, table sock, towel, cloth, slip, women's handkerchief, dress, diaper, piece of cake, sweater, pillow piece of cloth, case, pillow, paper, article, sleeping bag written version of a speech, slice of bread, biscuit, towel, pair of trousers, skirt, map, sheet of paper, newspaper ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 4 laa, leh, lee, leel 4 duan

single, solid, length of road, non-animal objects, cable un-enclosed in a container, that are 4 gen not rigid and whose length is at least long, thin things three times greater than their width or height (slender)

piece of rope, length of cable, lasso, piece of rope electrical extension cord, wire cable

Category 4 two solid, 4 dui non-animal objects, un-enclosed in a pair, couple container, regardless of 4 fu rigidity or length pair

4 shuang

thing that comes in twos

two pieces of rope, a pair of vases, a two lassos, two pair of gloves, a

pieces of pair of glasses, a electrical pair of shoes, a extension cord, two pair of socks, a wire cables, two of pair of eyes, a any items in pair of chopsticks Categories 1, 2, and/or 3 ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 5 nil, nill, dil, 5 duo diil

More than two flowers solid, non-animal objects, 5 pi un-enclosed in a container, that are batch, lot rigid and whose length is at least 5 shu three times greater than their width or bunch height (slender) in Category 1

bunch of flowers, batch of goods ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 6 jaa', jah, jih 6 pi

More than two batch, lot solid, non-animal objects, 6 shu un-enclosed in a container, that bunch are rigid and whose length is less than three times as great as their width or height (bulky) in Category 2

batch of goods ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 7 ne' 7 duo

More than two clouds solid, non-animal objects, 7 pi un-enclosed in a container, that batch, lot are not rigid, regardless of 7 shu length in Categories 3 and/or bunch 4

bunch of clouds, batch of goods ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 8 tloh, tleg, tleel, 8 ge tleeh

masses or used when the stem conglomerates of is otherwise plastic (mushy), unknown non-animal material, un-enclosed in a container

mud, wet clay, mud, wet clay, baking dough, baking dough, prepared oatmeal, prepared oatmeal, ice cream, wet ice cream, wet adobe, mortar adobe, mortar ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 9 ziig 9 chang

liquid substances 9 di independent of a container

water, brewed a rain shower, a coffee, soda pop, cloudburst, a drop beer, wine, whisky, whiskey, gasoline, kerosene, motor oil, milk, chocolate milk, brewed tea, soup, broth, stew, tulipai

------------------------------------------------------------

Category 10 kah, kaa, kaal, 10 ge 10 hai kaah

non-animal objects used when the stem bowlful, cupful regardless of is otherwise state, rigidity, unknown length or number, enclosed in a rigid container

A cup, washbasin, a cup of water, a a cup of water, a drinking glass, basket of pencils, basket of pencils, cooking pot, coffee a bowl of coins, a a bowl of coins pot, bowl, washtub, plate of tortillas basket, gasoline can, milk carton, milk can, bottle, canteen, cardboard box, plate, suitcase when enclosing any items in Categories 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and/or 9 ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 11 deh, tsho, tso, 11 bao tso', tsee'

non-animal objects package, packet, regardless of bundle state, rigidity, length or number, 11 tuan enclosed in a non-rigid container

A paper bag, burlap a packet of sack, feed sack, cigarettes, a plasticene bag, package of sweets, blanket, buckskin, a bundle of shirt, dress, or clothes, ball of newspaper when wool enclosing any items in Categories 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and/or 9

------------------------------------------------------------

Category 12 teh, teel, teeh, 12 zhi 12 hiki tii some animals small animals animals light enough for a person to easily lift and transport

A baby, human chicken, sheep, dog, fish infant, puppy, monkey, bird, mature dog, kitten, cat, crab mature cat, chicken, turkey, calf, colt, deer fawn, trout, water snake, earthworm, moth, caterpillar, butterfly, bobcat, javelina (peccary), goat, ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 13 loos 13 ge 13 dai

animals too heavy 13 liang for a person to easily lift and vehicles machines, large transport objects 13 ming

a person with a professional or prominent social identity

13 pi

13 tai

machines, equipment

13 tou

certain animals

13 wei

polite people

heifer, steer, cow, a person, car, people, cars, bull, horse, adult bike, lorry, furniture pig, adult deer, truck, student, elk, bear, mule, doctor, soldier, burro, mountain worker, horse, adult human, car mule, cow, pig, sheep, elephant, lion, TV set, washing machine, computer, gentleman, lady, teacher, professor ------------------------------------------------------------

Category 14 - unknown - 14 dui

pair, couple

14 huo

a group or band of bad people

14 qun

a group, crowd, flock

a married couple, gang of robbers, hooligans, crowd of football fans, a flock of birds

Bray (2002)

Basso (1990)

Bunt, Jonathan and Hall Gillian (2006) OXFORD BEGINNER'S JAPANESE DICTIONARY Oxford University Press: Oxford, England, United Kingdom of Great and Northern Ireland (U K ):

Church, Sally K and Yuan, Boping (2006) OXFORD BEGINNER'S CHINESE DICTIONARY Oxford University Press ------------------------------------------------------------

Table 9 Five Deadly Nerves

Nagoilnaa' or = Methods (Kata) or Nerve Centres Hizhoohi = Techniques (Waza) ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Between the eyes Da'andii Bigan = Basic Hand Thrust Yits'i'itsih (Hon Te Tsuki)

2 The temples Hagodn' Aagee Dahszii = At An ObliqueAngle Yinltlish (Diagonal) Standing Strike (Naname Dachi Uchi)

3 The Adam's apple Yik'izhi Bigan = Reverse Hand Thrust Yits'i'itsih (Hon Te Tsuki)

4 The solar plexus Bidah Haghahgo = Front Rising Dahszii Yinltlish Standing Strike (Shomen Age Dachi Uchi)

5 The top of the Bitsit'a' Dahszii = Overhead Standing spinal column Yinltlish Strike (Otoshi Dachi Uchi)

Table 10 Five Very Dangerous Nerves

Nagoilnaa' or = Methods (Kata) or Nerve Centres Hizhoohi = Techniques (Waza) ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 The carotid Hagodn' Aagee = At An Oblique

Angle arteries Dahszii Yinltlish (Diagonal) Standing Strike (Naname DachiUchi)

2 The kidneys Ildi' Ildi'yu = Middle Level to Half Dahszii Yinltlish Standing Strike (Chudan Han Dachi Uchi) -or-

Ildi' Hishzhiizh = Middle Level to Kneeling Strike (Chudan Han Dachi Uchi)

3 The groin Bide' Hagon Haghahgo = Rear Angle Rising Dahszii Yinltlish Standing Strike (Waki Age Dachi Uchi)

4 The spine Da'andii Bigan = Basic Hand Thrust Yits'i'itsih (Hon Te Tsuke)

5 The coccyx Haghahgo Dahszii = Rising Standing Yinltlish Strike (Age Dachi Uchi)

Table 11 Scripts

Goodwin Phonetic Keyboard Equivalents ------- -------- --------------------

, (under none , (comma) nasalization (after a vowel) a vowel)

' (over none + rising (high) tone (after a vowel) a vowel)

` (over none - falling (low) tone (after a vowel) a vowel)

` (before a none h consonant)

English Words -------------

`s sh shine `t th then and/or thin `c ch churn `g gh (w) get (what)

`z zh vision (the s is pronounced as zh)

dl none dl dj j^ j

' none ' glottal stop (before or after a consonant or vowel)

tl/ none t/ tc c^ ch c s^ sh

. (under none (period) spoken for or after more time (lengthened) a vowel)

a. none aa o. none oo u. none uu e. none ee i. none ii j^ z^ zh x x h Y <---- Y <----- gh ---- Capitalized Y

(Goodwin, 1994, pp 17 and 29)

Keyboard Equivalents based on the Hoijer Mescalero Tribal Language Committee ------ -----------------------------------

, (under a vowel) , (comma) nasalization (after a vowel) ' (over a vowel) + rising (high) tone (after a vowel) ` (over a vowel) - falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

' ' glotal stop (before or after a consonant or vowel)

b b l l + (sl) / s s s^ sh n n nd nd x or h h d d ^ dl 3 dz t t t' t' ^/ tl and t/ ^/' tl' and t/' c ts c' ts' c^ ch c^' ch' m m g g y <----------------- gh <---- Lower Case y a a a aa o u o uu e e e ee i i i ii 3^ j k k Y <----------------- Y <---- Capitalized z z z^ zh

(SOUTHWESTERN INDIAN RITUAL DRAMA, edited by Charlotte J Frisbie, 1980, University of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque, New Mexico, U S A ,p 156)

Basso Keyboard Equivalents ----- --------------------

, (under a vowel) , (comma) nasalization (after a vowel) ' (over a vowel) + rising (high) tone (after a vowel) ` (over a vowel) - falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

' ' glotal stop (before or after a consonant or vowel)

b b l l l/ / s s sh sh n n h h hw (wh) hw (wh) d d dl dl dz dz t t t' t' tl/ t/ tl/' t/' ts ts ts' ts' ch ch ch' ch' m m g g gh (gh or w) gh (gh or w) a a aa aa o o oo oo e e ee ee i i ii ii k k k' k' kw (qu) kw (qu) zh zh

(Basso, 1990)

Bray Keyboard Equivalents ---- --------------------

, (under a vowel) , (comma) nasalization (after a vowel) ' (over a vowel) + rising (high) tone (after a vowel) ` (over a vowel) - falling (low) tone (after a vowel)

' ' glotal stop (before or after a consonant or vowel)

b b l l l/ / <---- different s s sh sh n n

h h hw wh <---- different d d dl dl dz dz t t tl/ t/ <---- different ts ts c ch <---- different m m g g gh gh a a aa aa a+ a+ a, a, a,+ a,+ o o oo oo o+ o+ o, o, o,+ o,+ u+ u+ e e ee ee e+ e+ e, e, e,+ e,+ i i ii ii i+ i+ i, i, i,+ i,+ j j k k w w y y z z zh zh

(Bray, 2002)

Table 12 Consonants

Labials: = b = f = m = p = v = w = wh Linguals: = l = n = r = rh Dentals: = s = sh = d = dh = t = th = ch = j = z = zh Palatals: = ng = k (c) = q = g = gh = y Glotal Stop = ' = k (c) = h N'dee: = n = d = g = z

Table 13 Seasons (Months)

1 Itsa Bizhaahe Eagles Little Early Spring; March

-or-

1 Tsi Nadaaze Stick Corn-plant March

2 T'aa'nachil - unknown - April

3 Laa Bit'aa' Many Leaves Late Spring and early summer; May

4 Nii'chehe - unknown - June

5 Cho Bit'aa' Large Leaves Mid-Summer; July

6 Binest'ants'ose Harvest Little August

7 Ditaa Bil Shoh Thick with Frost Late Summer to Early Fall, Harvest Time; September

-or-

7 Binest'ancho Harvest Large September

8 Ghaazhi' - unknown - October

9 Ni'gosdzan Hilchil' Earth Reddish Late Fall; November Hishtlish Brown

-or-

9 Zas Nlt'ees Snow Good November

10 Ko' Baa Nalk'as Fire His-Mother December Came

11 Binaideel Binii' Ghost Face Winter; January

-or-

11 Shashke' Bear, in January accordance with

12 Bunashch'iid Owls Hoot Evil February

Table 14 Morning

1 Hadiyeskaa Earlymorning/dawn (3:00 a.m. - 6:00 a.m.)

-or-

1 Hayilkaa

2 Dalbina' Midmorning (7:00 a.m. - 10:00a.m.)

-or-

2 Dahbida'

-or-

2 T'albih

-or-

2 T'albihna'

-or-

2 Taalbin

3 Haz'aazhi' Latemorning (10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.)

-or-

3 Dahn'aago

* 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. is the gray period of dawn

Table 15 Dates

Dzil Ligai Si'aani Chiricahua N'dee N'dee English Digits ------------------ ---------- ------- ------

dohat'iida -unknown- zero 0

-or-

dohwaada

-or-

doo hant'e da

dalaa tashaa one 1 naki nahke two 2 taagi kahya three 3 dii'i tinya four 4 ashdla'i ashtla five 5 gostan hostkona six 6

gosts'idi hosteda seven 7

-or-

gosts'igi

tsebii hahpe eight 8 ngost'ai ngosta nine 9 goneznan gonanana ten 10

la'ts'adah klats'taha eleven 11 the one (la') stick (ts) thus (a) upon (doh) &/or zero (dah) 1 (the one stick) +10 (thus zero) -- 11 * (see below)

nakits'adah nahkeesahtah twelve 12 tats'adah kahyasahtah thirteen 13 dii'ts'adah tinsahtaha fourteen 14 ashdla'adah ashtlasahtahha fifteen 15 gostats'adah hostkonsahtahha sixteen 16

gosts'idts'adah hostesahtahha seventeen 17

-or-

gosts'igts'adah

tsebiits'adah sampsahtaha eighteen 18 ngost'aits'adah ngostesahtaha nineteen 19 nadin nahtinya twenty 20 nadin dalaa nahtinya tashaa twenty-one 21 nadin naki nahtinya nahke twenty-two 22 nadin taagi nahtinya kahya twenty-three 23 nadin dii'i nahtinya tinya twenty-four 24 nadin ashdla'i nahtinya ashtla twenty-five 25 nadin gostan nahtinya hostkona twenty-six 26

nadin gosts'idi nahtinya hosteda twenty-seven 27

-or-

nadin gosts'igi

nadin tsebii nahtinya hahpe twenty-eight 28 nadin ngost'ai nahtinya ngosta twenty-nine 29

tadin kahtinya thirty 30 tadin dalaa kahtinya tashaa thirty-one 31 tadin naki kahtinya nahke thirty-two 32

* A great Mimbreno N'dee Nant'an, Mah-ko (Ma' = Fox and/or Wolf and ko= cho = big; Fox-big, Wolf, and/or Wolf-big; Juan Jose Compa (Compe), who was murdered at the village of Cloverdale, Hidalgo county, New Mexico, on 22 April 1837, spoke and read Spanish He probably adopted and developed "positional notation" for the N'dee decimal system, whereby, each digit represents a power of ten For example, in the number 423: the number 4 is in the 100 position, the number 2 is in the 10 position, and the number 3 is in the 1 position: 400 = 4 x 100 + 20 = 2 x 10 + 3 = 3 x 1 --------------- 423 = 423

Each of the names for the numbers in Apache from 11 through 19 has the word "ts" in it, except for number 15 However, "ts" could have been in 15 and later dropped In any case, a lot of thought was put into adopting positional notation for the Apache decimal system

Table 16 Days

1 Ya'ai Jii Sunday (Sunday and Eastday)

-or-

1 Dilhil Jii Blackday (Sunday)

2 Dahitaa Jii Moonday (Monday)

3 Ni'gosdzan Jii Earthday (Tuesday)

4 Nagoltiih Jii Rainday (Wednesday)

5 Hayaago Jii Southday (Thursday)

-or-

5 Dotl'izh Jii Blueday (Thursday)

-or-

Greenday (Thursday)

-or-

Purpleday (Thursday)

6 Ona'it'ahyu Jii Westday (Friday)

-or-

6 Litsog Jii Yellowday (Friday)

-or-

Orangeday (Friday)

7 Hadaazhi' Jii Northday (Saturday)

-or-

7 Ligayi Jii Whiteday (Saturday)

Table 17 Grey (Gray)

In some cultures some colours are the same as other colours For example, the Celts considered blue, green, and gray (grey, sallow, pallid, pale, whitishness, and/or wan) to be the same colour or paired in some ways

blue = liath, glastum, gorm, gorman, gormadh, gormachd, guirme, guirmean, guirmeanach, guirmeanaich, guirmead, and guirmeachd (FACLAIR GAIDHLIG GU BEURLA LE DEALBHAN - DWELLY'S ILLUSTRATED GAELIC TO ENGLISH DICTIONARY, Edward Dwelly, F.S.A. (Scot ), F.S.G., Honourable Life Member of The Gaelic Society of London and Honourable Life Member of An Comunn Gaidhealach, 1994, Gairm Publications: Glasgow, Scotland, U.K., pp 501, 517, and 533 and THE NEW ENGLISH-GAELIC DICTIONARY, Derick S. Thomson, compiler and editor, MA , B.A., D. Litt., F.R.S.E., 1996, F.B.A., and

formerly Professor of Celtic, University of Glasgow, Gairm Publications, p 18)

green = glas, glasrach, glasraich, glaise, glaiseachd, gorm, gormadh, guirme, guirmead, uaine, uainealach, uainealachd, uainealaich, uainead, uaineachadh, and uainich (Dwelly, 1994, pp 500, 517, 533, and 986 and Thomson, 1996, p 89)

grey = leith, leithe, leithead, liath, liathtas, liathadh, liathach, liathachd, liathachadh, liathaich, liathaichte, glas, glas-neul, glas-neulach, glas-neulachd, glas-neulachas, glasdaidh, glasdaidheachd, glasanaich, glasail, glais-neulach, glais-neulachd, glaise, glaisead, glaiseachd, uaine, uainealach, uainead, uaineachadh, and uainich (Dwelly, 1994, pp 498, 500, 501, 582, 588, 589, and 986 and Thomson, 1996, pp 89, 152, and 232)

Table 18 Truth Tables

and = AND non-exclusive or = OR exclusive or = XOR complement (not/negate) = COM (NOT/NEG)

Dene = Homo Sapiens Dine (Tine) = 0

Ene = Homo Erectus Ergaster, Homo Dene-sovan, and/or Homo Neandertal = 1

AND OR XOR --- -- ---

Dene Ene Dene Ene Dene Ene |------|------| |------|------| |------|------| Dene | Dene | Dene | Dene | Dene | Ene | Dene | Dene | Ene | |------|------| |------|------| |------|------| Ene | Dene | Ene | Ene | Ene | Ene | Ene | Ene | Dene | |------|------| |------|------| |------|------|

AND OR XOR --- -- ---

0 1 0 1 0 1 |------|------| |------|------| |------|------| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |------|------| |------|------| |------|------| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |------|------| |------|------| |------|------|

COM NOT NEG ---

Dene Ene |------|------| | Ene | Dene | |------|------|

0 1 |------|------| | 1 | 0 | |------|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Bibliography

Bray, Dorothy, editor, in collaboration with the White Mountain ApacheTribe (2002). WESTERN APACHE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY: A COMMUNITY-GENERATED BILINGUAL DICTIONARY. Tempe, Arizona, United States of America (U.S.A.): Bilingual Press/Editorial Bilingue

Britten, Thomas A. (2011). THE LIPAN APACHES: PEOPLE OF WIND AND LIGHTNING. Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.: University of New Mexico Press

Ball, Eve with Henn, Nora and Sanchez, Lynda (1980). INDEH, AN APACHE ODYSSEY. Provo, Utah, U.S.A.: Brigham Young University Press

Basso, Kieth H. (1990). WESTERN APACHE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: ESSAYS IN LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY. Tuscon, Arizona, U.S.A.: The University of Arizona Press

Basso, Kieth H., editor, with the assistance of E. W. Jernigan and W. B. Kessel (1993). WESTERN APACHE RAIDING AND WARFARE FROM THE NOTESOF GRENVILLE GOODWIN. The University of Arizona Press

Boyer, Ruth McDonald and Gayton, Narcissus Duffy (1992). APACHES MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS: FOUR GENERATIONS OF A FAMILY. Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.: University of Oklahoma Press

Bunt, Jonathan and Hall Gillian (2006). OXFORD BEGINNER'S JAPANESE DICTIONARY. Oxford, England, United Kingdom of Great and Northern Ireland: Oxford University Press

Lockwook, Frank C. (1987). THE APACHE INDIANS. Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.: University of Nebraska Press

Lowry, Dave (2005). JO: ART OF THE JAPANESE SHORT STAFF. Santa Clarita, California, U.S.A.: Ohara Publications, Inc.

Lee, Bruce (2005). CHINESE GUNG FU: THE PHILOSOPHICAL ART OF SELF DEFENSE. Ohara

Frisbie, Charlotte J., editor (1980). SOUTHWESTERN INDIAN RITUAL DRAMA. University of New Mexico Press

Fister, Barbara and Hacker, Diane, Downloaded from the World Wide Web on Tuesday 30 July 2013 "Research and Documentation Online 5th edition," "The Social Sciences" http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch06_s1-002.html

"Humanities" http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch04_s1-009.html

RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION IN THE ELECTRONIC AGE, 3rd edition (2002). Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Bedford/St. Martin's

Sabin, William A. (2005). THE GREGG REFERENCE MANUAL: A MANUAL OF

STYLE, GRAMMAR, USAGE, AND FORMATTING, 10th edition. New York (N.Y.), New York (N.Y.), U.S.A.: McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Sonnichsen, C. L. (1982). THE MESCALERO APACHES, 2nd edition. University of Oklahoma Press

THE NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th edition (2007). Chicago, Illinois (IL), U.S.A.: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.

Haley, James L. (1981). APACHES: A HISTORY AND CULTURE PORTRAIT. Garden City, N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: Doubleday and Company, Inc.

Harris, Marvin (1991). CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, third edition, free copy, not for student use, N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: HarperCollins Pubishers Inc.

Dutton, Bertha P. (1983). AMERICAN INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. University of New Mexico Press

Debo, Angie (1976). GERONIMO: THE MAN, HIS TIME, HIS PLACE. University of Oklahoma Press

Demura, Fumio (2006). BO: KARATE WEAPON OF SELF-DEFENSE. Ohara

Dwelly, Edward (1994). FACLAIR GAIDHLIG GU BEURLA LE DEALBHAN-DWELLY'S ILLUSTRATED GAELIC TO ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.: Gairm Publications

Thomson, Derick S. (1996). THE NEW ENGLISH-GAELIC DICTIONARY. Gairm

Turner, Frederick W., III, newly edited with an Introduction and Notesby. (1970). GERONIMO: HIS OWN STORY (by Barrett, S.M., editor), N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: E. P. Dutton and Company

Clark, W. E. LeGros (1968). HISTORY OF THE PRIMATES: AN INTRODUCTIONTO THE STUDY OF FOSSIL MAN, fifth edition. Chicago, IL, U.S.A.: University of Chicago Press

Church, Sally K. and Yuan, Boping (2006). OXFORD BEGINNER'S CHINESE DICTIONARY. Oxford University Press

Cheung, William (2005). KUNG FU DRAGON POLE. Ohara

Cremony, John C. (1983). LIFE AMONG THE APACHES. University of Nebraska Press

Mateosian, Richard (1980). PROGRAMMING THE Z8000. Berkeley, California, U.S.A.: SYBEX, Inc.

Marrs, Jim (2013). OUR OCCULTED HISTORY: DO THE GLOBAL ELITE CONCEAL ANCIENT ALIENS. N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: William Morrow: An Imprintof HarperCollins Publishers

Mortimer, Robert G. (1981). MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: MacMillan Publishing Co.

Moorhead, Max L. (1976). THE APACHE FRONTIER: JACOBO UGARTE AND SPANISH-INDIAN RELATIONS IN NORTHERN NEW SPAIN, 1769-1791. University of Oklahoma Press

Mitchell, James, editor in chief (1977). THE RANDOM HOUSE ENCYCLOPEDIA. N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A.: Random House, Inc.

Good, Edward C. (2002). A GRAMMAR BOOK FOR YOU AND I--OOPS, ME!: ALLTHE GRAMMAR YOU NEED TO SUCCEED IN LIFE. Herndon, Virginia, U.S.A.: Capital Books, Inc.

Goodwin, Grenville with a new preface by Tribal Chairman Lupie, Ronnieand a new foreword by Brandt, Elizabeth A., Lavender-Lewis, Bonnie, and Greenfeld, Philip J. (1994). MYTHS AND TALES OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE. The University of Arizona Press

Goodwin, Grenville and Goodwin, Neil Goodwin (2000). THE APACHE DIARIES: A FATHER-SON JOURNEY. University of Nebraska Press

De George, Fernande M. and De George, Richard T. (1972). THE STRUCTURALISTS: FROM MARX TO LEVI-STRAUSS. Garden City, N.Y., U.S.A.: Anchor Books, a division of Doubleday & Company, Inc.

Robinson, Sherry (2000). APACHE VOICES: THEIR STORIES OF SURVIVAL ASTOLD TO EVE BALL. Uiversity of New Mexico Press

Robinson, Jeanne Marie with an introduction by Debbie Jordan (White) Kauble (1997). ALIENATED: A QUEST TO UNDERSTAND CONTACT. Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.: Greenleaf Publications

Echanis, Michael D. (2007). SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER-UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIAL TACTICS SERIES: BASIC STICK FIGHTING FOR COMBAT. Ohara

SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER - UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIAL TACTICS SERIES: KNIFE FIGHTING, KNIFE THROWING FOR COMBAT (2009). Ohara

SPECIAL FORCES/RANGER-UDT/SEAL HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT/SPECIAL WEAPONS/SPECIAL TACTICS SERIES: KNIFE SELF-DEFENSE FOR COMBAT (2009). Ohara

Iverson, Peter (2002). DINE: A HISTORY OF THE NAVAJOS. University of New Mexico Press

John, Elizabeth A. H., editor and Wheat, John, translator (1989). VIEWS FROM THE APACHE FRONTIER: REPORT ON THE NORTHERN PROVINCES OF NEW SPAIN, BY JOSE CORTES, LIEUTENANT IN THE ROYAL CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1799. University of Oklahoma Press-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

G. Afterword

When Something Goes Horribly, Horriby Wrong in the Anthropology Undergraduate Programme ---------------------------------

Homo (Erectus seu Sapiens) Palaeohungaricus invented Boolean Algebra. Theword for People and/or The People is Dene and/or its variations, such as Tineand Daoine. The word for not-People, The not-People, and/or not-The Peopleis made by dropping the D sound in the word for People resulting in Ineand/or Ene and/or their variations, such as Ainu. At some point in time,when Sapiens, Neandertals, and Dene-sovans evolved from Homo ErectusErgaster, first as races, then as sub-species, and finally as theonly species (Homo Erectus Sapiens), the ancient wisdom of Boolean Logicbecame practically useless, except as the "secret wisdom of Dualism."

....."Theoretically, semantic unversality could be achieved by a code

.....that has duality of patterning based on only two distinctive

.....elements. This is actually the case with the dots and dashes of

.....Morse Code and with the binary 0 and 1 of digital computers. But

.....a natural language having only two phonemes would require a much

.....longer string of phonemes per average message than one having

.....several phonemes. [binary 0 is a bit and binary 1 is a bit; today,.....personal computers use 64 bit wide words made up of only 0 (zeros)

.....and 1 (ones); that's 63 to the power of 2 plus 1 (63^2+1) - that's.....a lot of words; for example: there's 65,536 different words for 8.....bit wide words 00000000, 00000001, 00000010 to 11111111] The.....smallest number of phonemes [distinctive elements] known in a.....natural language is 13, in Hawaiian. English has between 35 and 40.....(depending on which authority is cited). Once there are more than.....10 or so phonemes, there is no need to produce exceptionally long.....strings [128 bits, for example, which personal computers will be.....using very soon] per message [word]. A repertory of 10 phonemes,.....for example, can be combined to produce 10,000 different words.....consisting of four phonemes each (CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, third.....edition, Free Copy, Not For Student Use, Marvin Harris, 1991,.....HarperCollins Publishers Inc.: N.Y., N.Y., U.S.A., p. 50)"

At some point in time while all three peoples lived, Dene was switchedfromErgaster being the reference point and everything else being the "other," toSapiens being the point of reference and everything else being "outside thepale," so to speak. The truth tables for the logical operations were then:

Table 18 Truth Tables

.........................and..........= AND

............non-exclusive or..........= OR

...............exclusive or...........= XOR

.....complement (not/negate)..........= COM (NOT/NEG)

.....Dene = Homo Sapiens Dine (Tine) = 0

......Ene = Homo Erectus Ergaster,

........... Homo Dene-sovan,

............and/or Homo Neandertal....= 1

................AND...................OR....................XOR

................---...................--....................---

............Dene....Ene...........Dene....Ene...........Dene....Ene

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

.....Dene | Dene | Dene |..Dene | Dene | Ene |..Dene | Dene | Ene |

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

......Ene | Dene | Ene |...Ene | Ene | Ene |...Ene | Ene | Dene |

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

................AND...................OR....................XOR

................---...................--....................---

.............0.......1.............0.......1.............0.......1

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

........0 | 0 | 1 |.....0 | 0 | 1 |.....0 | 0 | 1 |

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

........1 | 0 | 1 |.....1 | 1 | 1 |.....1 | 1 | 0 |

..........|------|------|.......|------|------|.......|------|------|

................COM

................NOT

................NEG

................---

............Dene....Ene

..........|------|------|

..........| Ene | Dene |

..........|------|------|

.............0.......1

..........|------|------|

..........| 1 | 0 |

..........|------|------|

The pronunciation of the words Tine, Dine, Ene, and their variations is verybasic and slightly modifying one in order to represent a new, but similarconcept is common. This procedure is based upon sound logical principals, aswell as anatomy. For example, Homo Erectus did not need a larynx, lips,forehead, chin, and/or vocal cords to pronounce the words: Tine and Ene.The older pronunciation of Dene is Tine and is still used in Siberia andNorthwest America. The voiceless alveolar stop (unvoiced alveolar stop) Tdoes not use a larynx, lips, and/or vocal cords and neither, does thevoiceless alveolar nasal (unvoiced alveolar stop) sound of n (Harris, 1991,p. 51). The words and sounds Tine (Dene) and Ene go back at least as far asHomo Erectus Ergaster, if not Pro-consul. An anthropod ape (great ape)today, such as a panda named "Jackie" or even a French poodle namedJean-Claude, can be trained to pronounce voiceless (voiceless) phones andunderstand the principal of "otherness." A language could then beconstructed which would allow them to carry on a conversation with each otheror even an anthropologist.

....."If we are able to distinguish one phoneme from another it is only.....because as native speakers we have learned to accept and

recognize.....certain phones and not others as being contrastive. For example,.....the [t] in "ten" and the [d] in "den" are automatically regarded by.....speakers of English as contrastive sounds. (A symbol between.....brackets denotes a phone.) Yet these two sounds actually have many.....phonetic - that is, acoustical - features in common. It is.....culture, not nature, that makes them significantly different...The.....use of a voiced and unvoiced alveolar stop to distinguish.....utterances such as "ten" - "den," "tock" - "dock," "to" - "do,".....or "train" - "drain" is an arbitrary device that is characteristic.....of English but that is absent in many other languages (Harris,.....1991, p. 51)."

The people of Killer of Enemies (Ndaa' Yizilhee, Slayer of Monsters(Naaye'nezghane), and/or With Him Marked Down in Zigzag Line (-on Him)(Bilna'nooltl'iije)) who were also called Aurignacians (Europeans) used onlyone table in their philosophy of friendship and/or otherness. That table isOR. Only another Dene could be a friend and/or mate of other Dene under anycircumstance. The people of Child of the Waters and/or Born from Water(Thubahch'istshine) continued the practice of their Erectus ancestors to useonly one table as well: AND. This way of thinking allowed friendshipandmating with Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens, Homo Neandertal, and Homo Dene-sovansrelatives as all four species evolved. The people of Killer of Enemies(Europeans) would therefore, become more specialized Homo Sapiens and thepeople of Child of the Waters would remain more generalized Homo Sapiens,better able to adapt to a changing world rather than having to adapt theworld and everything in it in order for them to survive. The ethics (morals)of the people of Homo Erectus and Child of the Waters, founded on AND,wouldlead to a more advanced philosophy of friendship and "otherness" and thepreservation of the world and everything in it (but, who needs polar bearsand potable water, right?). They were able to understand by using thetablesof COM and XOR as well as AND that two Not The-People could have been friendswith each other and thereby recognized the humanity of all other

humans.But, it didn't turn out that way, did it, so, all of us others and outsiderswill just have to get used to it, which is what we do.

"It's only in the failure of identification, each time, that "I" am opened to the other as other and get the chance to experience something like responsibility for the other that exceeds (and conflicts with) my narcissistic passions" (Diane Davis, "Identification: [Kenneth] Burke and [Sigmund] Freud on "Who You Are,"" p. 144, Rhetoric Society Quarterly 38.2 (2008): pp. 123-147; "Compensatory Division in the Occupy Movement," John Jones, Rhetoric Review, vol. 33, no. 2, 2014, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC: Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.).

FOXP2 has been called the language gene. Logic is a sub-set of language andtherefore, has a genetic component. So, mathematically speaking, the logicgene should be called either: FOXP2.45 or FOXP2.5 depending upon how onerounds (up or down). The Boolean Logic gene would then, be either FOXP2.445or FOXP2.545. Of course, if genes determine baviour, then this shouldbeextended to the Kirkegard gene, Nietzche gene, Plato gene, as well as theAristotle gene or another dimension entirely (Marrs, 2013, p. 83). Thebottom line is that Homo Erectus thought in binary terms and probablyinvented a primitive computer or at least a graph to help decide with whomto hang out.

* https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=279866828852759&set=pb. 100004883318196.-2207520000.1403127864.&type=3&theater

Milford H. Wolpoff, "How Neandertals Inform Human Variation," http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/62140/20930_ftp.pdf ?sequence=1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

R. Colophon

This book was written using a full screen text editor in 80 horizontalcolumns x 43 veritical rows alpha-numeric mode on an International BusinessMachines (I.B.M.) micro-computer with an Intel (i)8088 Central ProcessingUnit. (C.P.U.) When the book is opened in most editors, there are 77 columnsof text with the cursor in the 78th column at the far right of the window and40 rows of text. When the book is scrolled down, the chapter letters ornumbers should be displayed on the sixth row from the top. If you trytodisplay this 77 column x 40 row book at the Disc Operating System (D.O.S.)prompt, by Entering:

TYPE TSIH7740 /P

then the book will not display correctly. In that case, display the 79column book by Entering:

TYPE TSIH7943 /P

In order to display different numbers of rows in an editor when runningMicrosoft Windows XP use the following procedure:

tsih7722 - open an editor, Windows automatically runs it using

command.com It can be in a maximum window, normal window, and/or full screen

- open command.com and then run an editor. The window can be maximum, normal, and/or full

tsih7740 - open cmd.exe in a normal window and then run an editor

tsih7747 - open cmd.exe and then run an editor. The window can be maximum and/or full screen

Of course, tsih7740 and tsih7747 won't display correctly using command.com.FreeDOS Edit 0.9a, version 0.9.1.0, FreeDOS - DFlat+ 1.0, version 1.0.0.0,identified by Windows as IBM Professional Editor, returns the error message:"Out of Memory" It has to be run using the command prompt in Safe Mode, bypressing the F8 key immediately when Windows starts (boots).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Shi Huck'an Dasja

Ya'ai Jii....................Eastday (Sunday)nadin gosts'idi..............twentyseven (27)Cho Bit'aa' 2014.............Large Leaves (July) 2014

c:\n'dee\tsih7740-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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