ANDREA'S MOTIVATION IN BUILDING FRIENDSHIP ... - CORE

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ANDREA’S MOTIVATION IN BUILDING FRIENDSHIP

WITH EMILY CHARLTON IN LAUREN WEISBERGER’S

REVENGE WEARS PRADA

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as a Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By:

Tessa Gita Puspita

Student Number: 121214164

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2017

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

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So we’ll soar luminous and wired

We’ll be glowing in the dark. -Coldplay

This thesis is dedicated to:

- Jesus Christ

- My grandma, Djudjuk Djuwariyah

- My mom, Mia Permata

- My dad, Quirinto Endhi


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ABSTRACT

Puspita, Tessa Gita. (2017). Andrea’s Motivation in Building Friendship with

Emily Charlton in Weisberger’s Revenge Wears Prada. Yogyakarta: English

Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

This study discusses the life of Andrea Sachs, the main character of the

novel Revenge Wears Prada. Andrea builds friendship with her former co-

assistant, Emily Charlton ten years after they work together in Runway. She also

has to deal with many problems in her life which makes her need a friend to lean

on.

There are two formulated problems in this study. They are (1) how are

Andrea and Emily described? and (2) what motivates Andrea in building

friendship with Emily?

This study employs library research as the method to collect the data.

There are two sources used in this study. The primary source is the novel Revenge

Wears Prada. The secondary sources are printed and electronic books, journals

and online references. Psychological approach is used in this study.

There are two results found in this study. The first result concerns

Andrea‘s description. She is described as assertive, traumatized, insecure and

tough, whereas Emily is described as opportunistic, working-oriented and

talkative. The second result is the motivation of Andrea in building her friendship

with Emily. Based on the analysis, Andrea wants to build a friendship with Emily

because she wants to fulfill her belongingness and love needs, also her esteem

needs.

Keywords: character, friendship, motivation


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ABSTRAK

Puspita, Tessa Gita. (2017). Andrea’s Motivation in Building Friendship with

Emily Charlton in Weisberger’s Revenge Wears Prada. Program Studi

Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, JPBS, Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisa karakter utama dalam novel Revenge Wears

Prada yang bernama Andrea Sachs. Andrea berteman dengan mantan rekan

kerjanya, Emily Charlton, sepuluh tahun setelah mereka bekerja Bersama di

Runway. Andrea juga harus menghadapi masalah-masalah di hidupnya yang

membuatnya membutuhkan seorang teman.

Terdapat dua pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini. Pertanyaan (1) adalah

bagaimana Andrea dan Emily digambarkan dalam novel tersebut? Pertanyaan (2)

adalah apa motivasi Andrea dalam membangun pertemanan dengan Emily?

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode riset perpustakaan guna

mengumpulkan data, dan menggunakan dua sumber. Sumber primer adalah novel

Revenge Wears Prada. Sumber kedua adalah buku-buku cetak dan elektronik,

jurnal-jurnal dan referensi online. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan

psikologis.

Terdapat dua hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil temuan yang

pertama adalah Andrea dideskripsikan sebagai orang yang tegas, memiliki

trauma, cenderung gelisah dan tegar. Sedangkan Emily dideskripsikan sebagai

orang yang oportunis, giat bekerja dan cerewet. Hasil temuan yang kedua adalah

motivasi yang dimiliki Andrea dalam membangun pertemanan dengan Emily.

Berdasarkan penelitian, Andrea ingin memenuhi kebutuhan akan rasa aman,

kebutuhan cinta dan kepemilikan, serta kebutuhan harga diri.

Kata kunci: character, friendship, motivation


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to devote my deepest gratitude to the almighty Jesus Christ

and Mother Mary for all of the blessings, strength, courage and everything that I

have until this very day. I thank Jesus and Mother Mary for staying with me,

especially until the time I accomplished this thesis.

There are many people whom I would like to dedicate my thesis. First, I

dedicate my thesis to my late grandmother, Djudjuk Djuwariyah, and my late

father, Sigit Tri Hatmanto, who have always been my motivation all this time. I

would also like to dedicate my thesis to my mother, Mia Permata and my

stepdad, Quirinto Safrijadi. Without their support and prayers, I am not who I

am right now. I thank them for being there for me.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Drs.

Bambang Hendarto Yuliwarsono, M.Hum. I thank him for his patience,

support and guidance during the process of writing this thesis. Without his

assistance, I would not have completed this thesis. My gratitude also goes to my

academic advisor, Laurentia Sumarni, S.Pd., M. Trans.St. for the support and

wisdom in the process of finishing my thesis.

I would also like to thank PBI students batch 2012 and class F, to be

specific, Tasia, Annisa, Maria and Eka for all of the times we shared together. I

thank them for all the shameless moments we shared, and being there for me

through ups and downs. I also thank Nina, Elin, Arum, Sita and Mas Jalu for

giving me their support and motivation at all times. Last but not least, I would like


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to thank everyone who has given me the strength, support, and companion during

my hard times. Their spare time given means a lot to me. May Jesus always bless

them.

Tessa Gita Puspita


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ..................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL PAGES ......................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION PAGE ........................................................................................ iv

STATEMENT OF WORK‘S ORIGINALITY .................................................. v

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... xi

LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study .......................................................... 1

B. Problem Formulation ................................................................ 3

C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................. 3

D. Benefits of the Study................................................................. 4

E. Definition of Terms .................................................................. 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................. 6

A. Review of Related Studies ........................................................ 6

B. Review of Related Theories ...................................................... 8

1. Theory of Critical Approach ................................................ 8

2. Theory of Characters and Characterization .......................... 9

3. Theory of Friendship ............................................................ 12

4. Theory of Motivation ........................................................... 14

C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................. 17

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 18

A. Object of the Study ................................................................... 18


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B. Approach of the Study .............................................................. 19

C. Method of the Study ................................................................. 20

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 22

A. The Description of Andrea and Emily ................................................... 22

B. Andrea‘s Motivation in Building Friendship with Emily ...................... 32

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .... 40

A. Conclusions ............................................................................................ 40

B. Implications ............................................................................................ 41

C. Suggestions ............................................................................................. 42

REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 43

APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 45


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix I: Biography of Lauren Weisberger ................................................... 46

Appendix B: Summary of Revenge Wears Prada .............................................. 47


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of background of the study, problem formulation,

objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition of terms. Background

of the study elaborates the topic and gives reasons of why the topic is worth

studying. Problem formulation exposes questions to analyze the novel mentioned

above. The purpose of the study is described in the objectives of the study. The

last one is definition of terms, in which the researcher specifically explains the key

terms to avoid misunderstanding.

A. Background of the Study

Human beings are social creatures. They live side by side because they

need each other. Human beings want to have someone who is trustworthy and

reliable, and because of that reason, human beings build friendship. However,

building a friendship is not easy. Not all people have good social skill to make

friends. Most of the time people make friends because of races, social status,

similar hobbies and other things in common. It becomes difficult when people

have to build friendship, such as in a work place or a new neighborhood, also

because of their sense of individualism.

As a work of literature, a novel can portray such a phenomenon of

friendship, because often the story of a novel is a portrayal of life experiences. A

novel entitled Revenge Wears Prada written by Lauren Weisberger is one


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example. Revenge Wears Prada was published in 2013. It was the sequel

of the first book entitled The Devil Wears Prada, which was published in 2003.

The Devil Wears Prada was made into a movie with the same title.

The Devil Wears Prada tells a main story about a girl named Andrea

Sachs, who works at a high-end fashion magazine, Runway. However, her boss,

Miranda Priestly, is nothing but a cruel, heartless human-being. Andrea‘s life

suddenly becomes a mess. She suffers from the pressure her boss gives her. She

eventually quits her job after less than a year and moves on with her new life.

While Revenge Wears Prada: The Devil Returns tells another life story of Andrea

Sachs, ten years after her resignation from Runway. She has moved on with her

new life surrounded by new people. As she starts to join a cooking class to prepare

her to become a good wife for her future husband, Max Harrison, she meets her

former co-assistant in Runway, Emily Charlton.

They both become best friends and decide to build a business together.

They start a bridal magazine called The Plunge, which publishes high-end

wedding issues. It goes well for several years and Andrea fulfills her dreams, until

Miranda comes once again into her life. Miranda states that she wants to acquire

The Plunge. Andrea will forever disagree to the offer, because she would not give

her years of hard work to be taken over by someone else, especially Miranda.

However, Emily has a really tough consideration for the offer and she tries to

convince Andrea to accept the offer because she thinks The Plunge will be more

famous and have many more readers.


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In the novel, the friendship between these two characters is built based on

their experience. They become friends and build their own business because they

have been mistreated by her former boss. Therefore, the term Revenge in Revenge

Wears Prada can also be interpreted as the way Andrea proves to her former boss

that she can be successful without Runway. The researcher chose this novel

because it portrays how difficult it is to build a friendship. Goodman (1996) states

that ―it is crucial in reading literature that we are truly critical, that we look for

potential problems and points of contention as well as considering the most

successful aspects of any text, or simply celebrating an author‘s reputation‖

(p.146). That is why the researcher wants to reveal the reasons that make Andrea

build a friendship with Emily.

B. Problem Formulation

Based on the background, the researcher formulates the problem of the

study into two questions:

1. How are Andrea and Emily described?

2. What motivates Andrea to build a friendship with Emily?

C. Objectives of the Study

There are two objectives that the researcher provides in this study. The

first objective is to identify the description of Andrea and Emily. The second

objective is to find out the factors that motivate Andrea to become friends with

Emily. To answer the problems, the researcher analyzes the elements that become

the factors as seen in the novel.


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D. Benefits of the Study

This study provides benefits for the researcher and the readers. By

conducting this study, the researcher could understand more about the description

of a character and how to define characters based on certain factors. The

researcher also understands human motivations, as well as friendship and hopes to

implement the important things into real life.

This study also provides benefits for the reader. By reading this study, the

readers can learn about many factors that can lead people to build friendship. It

can also enrich readers‘ vocabulary and widen their knowledge about novel. The

researcher also expects the study could become helpful for the future researchers

who are interested and who work in similar fields.

E. Definition of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding of the content of this study, there are

some important key terms that must be clearly defined. The key terms are

motivation, friendship and Prada.

1. Friendship

Friendship is a relationship in which friends spend a great deal of time

together, interact in variety of situations, exclude others from the relationship, and

provide emotional support to one another (Baron and Byrne, 1997, p. 278). In this

study, friendship refers to the relationship Andrea builds with Emily in Revenge

Wears Prada.


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2. Motivation

Everyone has a motivation in every action of their life. In a friendship,

motivation becomes the reason of why two persons or more have a special

relationship. According to Petri (1981), motivation is the concept we use when we

describe the forces acting on or within and organism to initiate and direct

behavior. In this study, motivation deals as the factors that lead Andrea to build

her friendship with Emily.


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of two parts. The first part reviews all the theories

that are applied in this study are presented. It consists of theory of critical

approach, theory of characters and characterization, theory of psychology, theory

of motivation and theory of friendship. The second part is the theoretical

framework. It will explain about the use of the theories that has been mentioned

before.

A. Review of Related Studies

There are four previous studies on the prequel and sequel books that have

been conducted by several researchers from Sanata Dharma University. The first

undergraduate thesis entitled The Influence of Work on Andrea Sachs’s

Personality Development as Seen in Lauren Weisberger’s The Devil Wears

Prada written by Faridhian Anshari of English Letters of Sanata Dharma

University batch 2004 analyzed about how Andrea‘s work influenced her

personality development. She stated that Andrea‘s personality developed and

there was a change in her personality, because of the influence of her job in

Runway.

The second undergraduate thesis was Andrea Sachs’ Struggle for

Becoming Fashionable as Seen in Lauren Weisberger’s The Devil Wears Prada

written by Febta Candrarini of English Language Education Study Program of

Sanata Dharma University batch 2006. In her research, she discussed how


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Andrea adjusted herself in becoming more appropriate in her working

environment. She soon started becoming fashionable and wore expensive clothes

because of the ‗demand‘ in the environment.

The third undergraduate thesis was The Influence of Personal Relationship

on Andrea’s Personality Development as Seen in Weisberger‘s Revenge Wears

Prada written by Ludgardis Venny Christy Adoro Te of English Language

Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University batch 2012. In her study,

she discussed Andrea‘s personal relationship with Emily and Max, her husband,

and how it affected Andrea‘s personality.

The last undergraduate thesis was The Influence of Andrea Sachs’s

Characteristics and Traumatic Experience on Her Defense Mechanism in Lauren

Weisberger‘s Revenge Wears Prada, written by Riza Azizah of English Letters

of Sanata Dharma University batch 2009. Her study discussed how Andrea‘s

traumatic experiences affected her to build a defense mechanism.

This study is different from the other studies mentioned above for it

discusses the relationship between the main character and the other characters. It

is different from Riza Azizah‘s thesis concerning Andrea‘s characteristics and

traumatic experience because this thesis focuses on how Andrea‘s trauma can

motivate her to build a friendship. This study offers a new perspective and

understanding of the sequel novel Revenge Wears Prada because the researcher

analyzes the factors in building friendship between characters in the story.

Therefore, in order to support the analysis, the researcher uses theory of

motivation and theory friendship.


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B. Review of Related Theories

This part provides critical approach, theory of character and

characterization, theory of friendship and theory of motivation.

1. Theory of Critical Approach

In order to have a reasonable point of view of the story, we need a critical

approach. By using a critical approach, we can understand better how literature is

shaped and what literature means (Rohrberger and Woods, 1971, p. 3). A critical

approach to literature is also important to use as a basis in understanding a literary

work. In analyzing literary works, we can employ different approaches. We can

choose which approach is appropriate to analyze the work.

Rohrberger and Woods mention five kinds of approaches in their book

Reading and Writing about Literature. They are a formalist approach—the

approach that insists on the total integrity of the literary piece, biographical

approach—asserts the important or an appreciation of the ideas and personality of

the author to understand the literary object, sociocultural-historical approach—

literature is not created in a vacuum but it gains ideas from the culture so we can

have ethnical judgment concerning the truth of the author‘s statement, mythopoeic

approach—this approach tries to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of

human thought, which they believe it will be insignificant work of art, and

psychological approach—views work through the lens of psychology (1971, pp. 6

– 13).

By focusing on Andrea‘s motivation of building friendship with Emily,

this study uses the psychological approach. Psychological critics look at the

psychological motivation of the characters or of the authors themselves. The


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researcher will reveal what motivates the characters to build their friendship in

Revenge Wears Prada.

2. Theory of Characters and Characterization

Theory of characters and characterization are important in a literature

work, because a novel revolves around the characters.

a. Theory of Characters

Understanding characters in the novels is essential for the characters are

the ones who tell the plot besides the narrations. A character‘s qualities are

interpreted by the readers through their actions, words and expressions (Abrams,

1998, p. 20).

There are two types of character, major character and secondary character.

The major characters are the ones that are observed most often in the novel and

frequently appear in the novel. The secondary characters are the ones that have

only a limited function and performance in the novel (Henkle, 1977, pp. 87-97).

The story usually depends on the major character‘s action, and the secondary

characters give effects to the story.

b. Theory of Characterization

The process by which an author creates a character is called

characterization. Characterization has a very important role in literary work,

especially in narrative and dramatic work. Characterization is the creation of

imaginary persons presented to the readers as lifelike (Holman and Harmon, 1986,

p. 81)


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In order to make a character understandable, Murphy provides nine ways

of characterizing (1972: pp. 161 – 173):

1) Personal description

It explains the physical appearance of characters to introduce the

characters to the readers; such as the build, skin-color, hair, eyes and height with

various adjectives that make the description more vivid.

2) Characters as seen by another

The author conveys the person‘s character through the choice of words and

phrases through another character‘s eyes and opinion so that the reader will get

the reflected image of the person.

3) Speech

The author gives the reader clue about the person‘s personality through

what the person says and every time the person has conversation with other

characters.

4) Past life

The author lets the reader learn about the person‘s past life events that

shape her character. It can be done by giving direct comments, through the

person‘s inner thought, or through the medium of another character. The person‘s

past life might influence her personality in the present day.

5) Conversation of others


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The author can give a clue to the person‘s character through the things

other characters say about his/her in conversation when they talk about the person.

6) Reactions

The author gives the reader a clue of the person‘s character through her

reactions on some situations and events in the story.

7) Direct comments

The author can describe or comment the characters directly. The author

tells the reader directly what the character is like by giving direct comments to the

character.

8) Thoughts

The author gives the reader direct information of the person‘s thoughts.

The person‘s thoughts might be different with her action in real life.

9) Mannerism

The author describes the person‘s character through his/her habits and

behavior that may tell some information about his/her character to the readers.

2. Theory of Friendship

People need to socialize with others because they cannot live alone. One

kind of relations that people build is friendship. This part elaborates the definition

of friendship and the kinds of friendship.

a. Definition of Friendship


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Friendship is a relationship in which friends spend a great deal of time


provide emotional support to one another (Baron and Byrne, 1997, p. 278). People

need other people to socialize, since no one can live alone. That‘s where

friendship is needed to become the bridge for two persons or more, to share and to

help each other.

Beebe et al (1996) says that people have needs for inclusion, needs to

control and to be uncontrolled, dealing with the stability and comfort in our

interactions with others, and to give and receive love, support, warmth and

intimacy (p. 413). The needs for inclusion mean that everyone has a desire to be

included, to be invited and to be able to participate in what other people do. The

needs to control and to be uncontrolled mean people need to achieve stability and

comfort in having interactions with others. Needs to give and receive love means

that people need to feel warmth, receive support and intimacy. In order to receive

them, as social beings people also need to give warmth, support and intimacy to

other people so that the needs of receiving and giving can be balanced.

A moral value of friendship, thus, involves a high level of development

and expression of the unselfish emotions of sympathy, care - a deep caring for

others and identification with the good of another from whom one clearly knows

oneself to be clearly other (Blum, 1980, p. 71). Friendship has to include two

individuals to work, and every individual involved must show their sympathy and

lower their ego in order to keep the friendship. The individuals also need to

understand themselves, learn to understand other people and it goes both ways. It


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means each person has to do those things and also get them. That is why,

friendship can last between individuals that are involved.

b. Kinds of Friendship

Aristotle in Oswald (1962), divides friendship into three kinds. They are

based on utility, pleasure and goodness (p. 218).

1) Friendship based on utility

This kind of friendship occurs most frequently between the elderly because

at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility. It also occurs in people who

are in their middle life and are also pursuing their own advantage.

2) Friendship based on pleasure

This friendship can easily end because the affection changes just as the

things that please them and this sort of pleasure changes rapidly. This friendship is

based on pleasure or fun, as someone who builds friendship with the other is not

because of what he or she is, but for the pleasure and fun he or she gives.

3) Friendship based on goodness

Friendship of this kind is permanent, because it is united of all the

attributes that friends‘ ought to possess. They are good to each other without

qualification or any condition. They are also beneficial to one another. This kind

of friendship is long lasting, which means the friendship will last for a long time.

Friendship based on goodness needs a long process and cannot be built instantly.

3. Theory of Motivation

According to Petri (1981), motivation is a concept we use when we

describe the forces acting on or within and organism to initiate and direct


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behavior. In this study, motivation deals as the factors that lead Andrea to build

her friendship with Emily.

Huffman et al (1997) divide motivations into two kinds. They are intrinsic

and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the desire to perform an act for its

own sake. While extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform an act because of

external rewards or avoidance of punishment (p. 377). Intrinsic motivation means

that the act of a person comes from her or his own will, without any force to

achieve things that she or he wants. While extrinsic motivation means that the

person acts because of some outside factors that make her or him do it. It can be

another person, a reward, or avoidance of punishment.

Maslow as cited by Huffman et al (1997) states that people are motivated

to achieve certain needs. He argues that people have an unconscious desire to be

self-actualized. In order to achieve these ultimate goals, several basic needs must

be fulfilled first. Maslow describes his theory in a pyramid called the hierarchy of

needs.


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Huffman et al (1997, p.383)

a. Physiological needs

Physiological needs are usually taken as the starting point for motivation

theory. These needs include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as

the need for food, water, air, sex and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are

the most basic and intuitive needs in the hierarchy for all needs become secondary

until these needs are fulfilled.

b. Security needs

Security needs include the need for safety and security, such as life

stability, law, order, steady job, insurance and shelter. This kind of needs is placed

in the second level after the physiological needs, for after the physiological needs

are fulfilled, people begin to feel that they need more control in their lives, such as

financial security and safe living. Safety needs also include the act of seeking


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pleasure and avoiding pain. By being secure from pain and danger, people can feel

safe and peaceful.

c. Belongingness and Love needs

If both physiological and safety needs are fairly well gratified, there will

emerge the love, affection and belongingness needs. Relationships such as

friendships, intimacy, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and

love are parts of these needs.

d. Esteem needs

After the three basic needs are fulfilled, it becomes increasingly important

to gain the respect and appreciation of others. People have a need to accomplish

things and have their efforts recognized. These needs include achievement,

mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, and respect from

others.

e. Self-actualization needs

Self-actualization needs come in the highest level of Maslow‘s hierarchy

of needs. Self-actualization needs include realizing personal potential, self-

fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

4. Theoretical Framework

In this study, the researcher uses the psychological approach. The

psychological approach is needed to analyze and answer the formulated problems

because it discusses about the behavior of human beings. The researcher chooses

Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship with Emily Charlton in Weisberger‘s

Revenge Wears Prada.


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To answer the first formulated problem, the theories of characters and

characterization are used to analyze the main characters and the descriptions of the

novel, Andrea Sachs and Emily Charlton in Weisberger‘s Revenge Wears Prada.

Character theories by Abrams (1981) and Henkle (1997) are used to reveal the

characters and characterization theory proposed by Holman and Harmon (1986)

and Murphy (1972) are used to reveal the descriptions of the characters.

The second formulated problem is analyzed by applying the theories of

motivation and friendship. The researcher uses the theory of friendship by Beebe

et al (1996) and Blum (1980), and theories by Baron and Byrne (1997), Aristotle

in Ostwald (1962), Huffman et al (1997) and Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs by

Huffman et al (1997) to examine Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship with

Emily.


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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of three parts. The first is object of the study. The

object of the study deals with the novel that is analyzed in this study and some

sources that support the study. The second is the approach of the study. It explains

the appropriate approach used in this study. The third is the method of the study. It

mentions the sources and elaborates the steps that the researcher conducts in this

study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is a novel entitled Revenge Wears Prada. The book

was written by Lauren Weisberger and published by HarperCollinsPublishers in

2013. The novel consists of 420 pages in 24 chapters. This novel debuted at no. 3

New York Times Bestseller List.

Weisberger was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the USA on 28 March

1977. After finishing her study in Cornell University in New York in 1999, she

moved to Manhattan and was hired as Anna Wintour‘s assistant at Vogue for ten

months. She then worked for several editors, and finally started to write a book

about her time at Vogue, The Devil Wears Prada. The book was published in

2003, and is the prequel of Revenge Wears Prada. She wrote several other books

such as Everyone Worth Knowing (2005), Chasing Harry Winston (2008), and

Last Night at Chateau Marmont (2010).


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Weisberger‘s Revenge Wears Prada tells a story about a girl whose life

has changed since she joins the most prestigious fashion magazine. There are two

major characters in this novel. They are Andrea Sachs and Emily Charlton. This

novel tells a story about Andrea Sachs ten years after she resigns from the most

prestigious fashion magazine, Runway, and starts to build her own magazine. She

builds The Plunge with her best friend Emily, whom was her co-assistant in

Runway.

She lives a happy life with her husband, Max Harrison and her daughter,

Clementine Harrison, and she gets to work with her best friend, Emily. Soon after,

her former boss in Runway, Miranda Priestly starts to contact her and Emily to ask

for The Plunge to work with her. Andrea totally refuses it, since she still suffers

nightmares from the terror of Miranda, but Emily seems to be excited about the

offer. That‘s where Andrea and Emily has to deal with the problem concerning

their business and it affects Andrea‘s life once again.

B. Approach of the Study

This study focuses on Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship with

Emily Charlton. According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971, pp. 6-13), there are

five approaches in the study of literature. They are the formalist approach,

biographical approach, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach,

and psychological approach. In this study the researcher use the psychological

approach. Psychological approach is an approach that focuses on the complexity

of thought and behavior, the content of this region of the mind found expression

in symbolic words, thoughts and actions (pp. 13-14).


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The psychological approach is used because it explains human‘s

motivations, personalities, and behavior patterns written in literary objects.

Therefore, it is the suitable approach to answer questions in the problem

formulation. By using the psychological approach, the motivations in building

friendship can be analyzed through the personality of the character, thoughts and

behaviors. This approach is used to reveal Andrea and Emily‘s characters and

description, also the motivation that Andrea has in building her friendship with

Emily in Revenge Wears Prada.

C. Method of the Study

The researcher used library research method to answer the problem

formulation. Library research is a research method conducted by reading and

analyzing the sources. The sources were divided into two categories, the primary

source and the secondary source. The novel Revenge Wears Prada by Lauren

Weisberger was used as the main source for this study. The secondary sources

were many other sources taken from books, journals and internet resources.

Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972) was used to study the personality of

the main characters. Beebe et al (1996), Blum (1980), and Baron and Byrne‘s

theories of friendship (1997) were used to analyze the kinds of friendship.

Huffman et al‘s theories (1997), also Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs (1997) were

also used to analyze the motivation of the main characters in building friendship.

There were several steps the researcher used to conduct this research.

First, the researcher read the novel several times to get deeper understanding

about the story and to decide what topic to discuss in the study. Second, the

researcher gathered the data and made notes of the important information to be


21

analyzed. Then, the researcher formulated two problems related to the chosen

topic. Next, the researcher analyzed the two problems and applied the theories that

have been provided to answer the questions in problem formulation. The theory of

character and characterization were used to analyze the characters and their

description in the novel, while theory of motivation and Maslow‘s hierarchy of

needs (1997) were used to analyze the motivation of the character in building their

friendship. The last, the researcher drew conclusions based on the results of the

analysis.


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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter is divided into two parts to generate a clear and deep analysis.

The first part discusses Andrea and Emily‘s characteristics that are described in

the novel. The second part analyzes Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship

with Emily.

A. The Description of Andrea and Emily

Characters are very crucial in a novel. Their actions picture most of the

story. Every story essentially displays actions (Stanton, 1965, p. 17). To describe

actions in a story, of course, people who do those actions are needed. In a story,

they are called characters. Characters are classified into major and secondary

characters. According to Henkle‘s theory of characters (1977, pp. 87-97), Andrea

and Emily are the major characters because they are observed most often in the

novel. While according to Abrams (1981), Andrea and Emily are round characters

or dynamic characters because their characters are complex in temperament and

motivation (p. 24).

1. Andrea’s Description

Andrea is the main character in Revenge Wears Prada. She appears from

the beginning until the end of the story. She also becomes the focus of our

attention. Therefore, she is the most observed character in the story. From the

novel, it can be concluded that Andrea fits these following descriptions:


23

a. Assertive

Andrea is an assertive person, especially when it comes to her career and

life. One of the proofs that is shown in the novel is when Andrea catches Emily

and Max betray her by signing the contract paper to sell The Plunge to Elias-

Clark, which will be acquired by Miranda Priestly, her former boss.

―You were there, Emily. You saw how she acted. What do you think it‘s

really going to be like? That she‘ll come to our offices for yoga over her

lunch hour, or late-afternoon pedis? We‘ll drink mimosas and giggle about

boys?‖

Emily surely understood the sarcasm, but she smiles anyway. ―It‘s going

to be even better than that. I promise.‖

―I don‘t care what you‘re promising, because I‘m out. I was going to tell

you tomorrow at our lunch, but apparently you couldn‘t wait.‖

―Andy-― Max started, but Andy cut him off.

―Don‘t you say another word,‖ Andy said in a low, angry voice, her eyes

narrowing to slits. ―This is my magazine, my career, and you prance in here

under some bullshit supposedly selfless reason of saving me from

myself… duping me so you can try to repair the company your family

drove into the ground. Well, guess what? It‘s going to be on my watch.

You can go to hell.‖

―You can tell them I'm out or I will. Apparently I can‘t undo this deal, but

I can sure as hell hand in my resignation, effective immediately.‖ (pp. 380-

381)

The fact that Andrea‘s husband and her best friend has made a deal with

her old enemy behind her back makes her furious and she takes a big step of

resigning herself from her own magazine. Based on Murphy‘s theory of

characterization (1972), Andrea can be described as assertive through her

reactions. She is shocked to hear about the acquiring news and she reacts to it

stating that she will not allow herself to be under the command of Miranda again.

She clearly and distinctly quits from her job in The Plunge.


24

Another proof is when Andrea talks to her husband, Max, that she does not

want to change her last name after the marriage. She thinks her last name for the

past three decades is what suits her. She does not want to change the name she

grows up with and builds a career with.

―No, I hear that. It‘s just that… I‘m not going to change my name.‖

Max laughed. ―Of course you are.‖

His cocky confidence prickled her more than anything he could have said

or done.

―My name‘s been Andrea Sachs for over three decades, and I want to keep

it that way. How would you feel if someone asked you to change your

name at this point in your life?‖

―It‘s different…‖

―No, it‘s not.‖

He looked at her, really looked at her. ―Why don‘t you want to take my

name?‖ he asked in a voice so genuinely hurt she almost changed her mind

on the spot.

She squeezed his hand. ―It‘s not some sort of political statement, Max, and

it‘s absolutely nothing personal. Sachs is just the name I grew up with, the

one I‘m used to. I‘ve worked so hard to build a career, and Sachs is the

name I‘ve used along the way. Is that so hard to understand?‖ (p.165)

Based on Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), Andrea‘s

assertiveness can be seen through her speech. She is a woman who knows what

she needs, and she really does what is best for her. She fights, she gets up back,

builds up her career from zero and she achieves everything by herself. She thinks

she deserves everything that comes to her because of every little thing she has,

including her last name, Sachs.

b. Traumatized

Andrea is still traumatized by her past life when working in Runway, a

high-end fashion magazine in New York. She works as an assistant to the Runway

editor, Miranda Priestly. Andrea receives so many mental abuses in Runway

because she is always intimidated by Miranda, who always criticizes her and


25

complains if things do not go as exactly as she desires. She never gives Andrea the

respect and gratitude she deserves. Andrea still gets nightmares about her past life.

It was such a relief to be warm and loved, but Andy couldn‘t get rid of the

panic she felt at not completing a Miranda-assigned task. She‘d be fired,

that much was sure, but what if it was worse than that? What if Miranda

was so livid that she used her limitless influence to make sure Andy never

got another job? What if she decided to teach her assistant a lesson and

show her exactly what happened when one simply walked out – not once

but twice – on Miranda Priestly?

―I have to go back!‖ Andy shouted into the wind as their trot became a run.

‗Max, turn around and take me back! I can‘t‖

―Andy! Can you hear me, sweetheart? Andy!‖

Her eyes flew open. The only thing she felt was the pounding of her own

heart as it raced in her chest.

―You‘re okay, baby. You‘re safe now. It was just a dream. And from the

looks of it, a really horrible one,‖ Max crooned, cupping her cheek with

his cool palm. (p. 6)

According to Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), the quotation

above depicts that Andrea is traumatized based on her past life and reactions. All

of Andrea‘s nightmares are the repetition of moments that happen when she still

works for Miranda. The image of Miranda and all her doings are still clear in

Andrea‘s mind and haunts her. Therefore, she is traumatic about it.

It had taken months after that hateful afternoon in Paris before Andy could

sleep through the night again. She‘s wake with gasp imagining some task

she‘d failed to complete – she‘d lost the Bulletin again or sent Miranda to

the wrong restaurant for a lunch meeting. Andy had never picked up

another copy of Runway from the moment she‘d left. But of course it

haunted her from bodegas, hair salons, doctor‘s waiting rooms, meni-pedi

places. (p.219)

The horrible experiences Andrea has from working in Runway leave her in

terror for she is not able to forget them even after a decade. Considering the direct


26

comments in Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), it can be concluded that

Andrea is traumatized by her past life.

c. Insecure

Ten years after Andrea resigns from Runway and stops being Miranda‘s

assistant, she still gets haunted by Miranda‘s bossy attitude in nightmares and

thoughts. Not long after, she gets the news that Elias-Clark wants to acquire the

magazine that she builds with Emily. Andrea starts feeling insecure that once

again, Miranda will ruin her life and turn it into a total wreck.

―Oh god, she‘s back! She‘s suing us. She‘s going to make our lives a

living hell, I just know it…‖ Andy moaned.

―Miranda couldn‘t care less about either one of us, I promise you that,‖

Emily said with her old authority as first assistant.

―If you don‘t remember a damn thing, remember this: we are dead to her,

and she has far more important things to do than dredge up old crap. It‘s

got to be something else.‖

Emily was right. It had to be something else. But Andy was struck by the

fact that the Elias-Clark exchange popping up on their caller ID could

thrust her back to a very dark place of sheer panic. It didn‘t matter what

Elias-Clark wanted. Miranda Priestly, Satan herself, waving her devil tail

and her Prada bag, filled with Andy‘s world once again with painful

memories and fresh anxieties. It was as if the past ten years hadn‘t

happened at all. (p. 107)

From the conversation above and according to Murphy‘s theory of

characterization (1972), it is proven that Andrea feels insecure of the possibility

that she will be working under the command of Miranda, which means also the

torture and the terror every day for twenty-four hours. It can be seen by Andrea‘s

speech and reaction. Andrea is afraid of repeating her unpleasant past life,

moreover after she has done everything to rebuild her life and build her own

career.


27

On another occasion, Andrea has unpleasant thoughts for being pregnant

in her age, and in her current situation when she thinks her husband cheats on her.

It is stated in a narration which pictures the thoughts and the emotions that Andrea

feels.

What she failed to envision, of course, was the piece of this puzzle that

kept it from being 100 percent fantastic news: namely, she wasn‘t sure

she could trust the father of her child, her baby‘s grandmother hated her,

and she had been thirty seconds away from suggesting a break when she

found out she was pregnant. (p. 128)

The quotation above shows that Andrea worries about the things that

don‘t actually happen and those are only in her mind, as it is proven through the

author‘s direct comment, based on Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972).

She feels insecure about almost every aspect of her life: her marriage, her

pregnancy, her mother-in-law and her career.

d. Tough

After being mistreated by her former boss in Runway, betrayed by her best

friend and her husband, Andrea still tries to stand up with the strength she has.

The way Andrea is described as tough is proven when she can get up from her

past life which has been haunting her. She can move on and start a new life, even

though she still has nightmares of her past.

How could this woman still haunt her? It had been nearly ten years since

she bolted from Paris and her soul-destroying stint as Miranda‘s assistant

at Runway. She had grown so much since that dreaded year, hadn‘t she?

Everything had changed, and for the better: the early post-Runway years of

freelancing, which she‘d proudly parlayed into a steady gig as a

contributing editor writing for a wedding blog, Happily Ever After. A few

years and tens of thousands of words later, she was able to launch her own

magazine, The Plunge, a beautiful glossy high-end book that was three

years into the endeavor and, despite all predictions to the contrary, was

actually making money. The Plunge was getting nominated for awards,


28

and advertisers were clamoring. And now, in the midst of all her

professional success, she was getting married! (p. 9)

From the quotation above and from the direct comment based on

Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), it is proven that although Andrea still

feels haunted by Miranda Priestly, she wants to keep her away from it to rebuild

her new life. She is able to stand by herself. Andrea already has a new job, and has

a perfect husband every woman wants. That is why she is described as tough, she

wants to continue living her life and be happy about it despite her awful past life.

Another proof of Andrea being tough is when she finds out that her best

friend and her husband betray her by signing her magazine to be acquired by

Miranda. Andrea is devastated knowing that her trusted people can go behind her

back. However, she chooses to leave Emily, Max and The Plunge after the

incidents, and she stands strong facing it.

Out of breath from running nearly the entire way home and on the verge of

a total nervous breakdown, Andy barely made it through Clementine‘s

nighttime routine: she performed a perfunctory kitchen-sink bath, dressed

her daughter in an overnight diaper and footie pajamas, and gave her a

bottle, all without crying. It wasn‘t until Clem was safely in her crib with

the lights out and the baby monitor on that Andy let herself lose it. (p. 382)

Based on a direct comment according to Murphy‘s theory of

characterization (1972), Andrea is still sad and mad about how she is betrayed by

Emily and Max. However, Andrea have to be strong, especially for her daughter,

Clementine. She does her best to be as tough as she could for her baby and her life

ahead. Although Andrea is innocent in this whole contract thing with Miranda, she

still loses The Plunge, which she builds from the bottom. With everything going

on and her life feels like falling apart, Andrea can still hold herself together.


29

2. Emily’s Description

Emily is one of the important characters in the story. She is also observed

a lot because she is one of the characters who deals with Andrea most of the time.

There are three descriptions of Emily:

a. Opportunistic

Emily is described as a person who would jump instantly into any situation

that can benefit her. She is almost as ambitious as Andrea, but she will do

anything to get what she wants, even if it hurts other people.

The first proof that portrays Emily‘s characteristic of being an opportunist

person is when Emily tells Andrea about the interest of Elias-Clark in acquiring

The Plunge.

―I spoke to the lawyer at Elias-Clark – he totally tracked me down, by the

way, found my cell and called me thirty minutes ago, which is really late

for business call. It shows how eager they are! I mean, can you even

believe he would –―

(…)

Andy nodded to herself. She knew exactly what that meant. ―It sounds like

they‘re interested in acquiring us.‖

―Yes!‖ Andy could tell Emily was trying to keep the excitement out of her

voice, but it wasn‘t working.

―I thought we agreed that we weren‘t going to sell for the first five years,

that we were going to take our time to really build the product and give it a

great foundation. We‘re barely three years in, Emily.‖

―You know as well as I do that you don‘t pass up an opportunity like this!‖

Emily all but shrieked. ―This is Elias-Clark we‘re talking about here. Only

the biggest and most prestigious publishing company in the world. This

could be the opportunity of a lifetime.‖ (pp. 159-160)

Based on Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), Emily is described

as opportunistic through her speech. The quotation shows that Emily tries to

convince Andrea that Elias-Clark offer is an opportunity that can change their

career life for the better. She cannot hide her happiness of being acknowledged by


30

her former office publisher. She has an urge to take the offer to make herself and

her career great again, despite her bad experiences and dull past of working with

Miranda Priestly and to only be fired afterwards.

Another proof of Emily doing anything possible to get what she wants is

when she asks Max, Andrea‘s husband, to go behind Andrea‘s back to sell The

Plunge to Elias-Clark.

Emily hit the back of the couch with her hand. ―Andy, you‘re being so

small-minded about this whole situation. So shortsighted.‖ There was that

word again. ―Everyone agreed it was clearly the right choice, and I made

it. I won‘t apologize for looking out for our best interests.‖

She couldn‘t believe what she was hearing. It was impossible. Nothing

was registering or making any sense. Andy could feel angry tears

constricting her throat. ―I won‘t do it, Em. You‘re going to have to call

them up right now and tell them you forged my signature and the

agreement is off. Right this very second.‖

Andy watched as Emily shot Max a look that seemed to say, Are you going

to tell her of am I?

Clementine began to cry. Andy tried hard not to join her.

Emily rolled her eyes. ―I didn‘t forge your signature, Andy, Max signed.‖

(p. 378)

This quotation shows the scene where Emily signs the contract to Elias-

Clark along with Max behind Andrea‘s back, since Andrea never agrees to sign

the contract. According to Murphy‘s theory of characterization (1972), a character

can be seen from her speech. Therefore, it is proven in Emily‘s speech. However,

Emily thinks that by being under the name of Elias-Clark, The Plunge will be

more successful and famous.

b. Working-Oriented

Emily is portrayed as a fine career-woman who works hard although

sometimes she does not like her own job. In the novel, she is pictured as a woman

who is very excited to build her own magazine with her best friend, Andrea, and


31

she really wants Andrea to join her. Emily believes she and Andrea could

successfully make a bridal magazine that could make people look up for

aspirations, based on her working experiences in Runway.

Emily hit the water with her hand. Oh don‘t be so sensitive, Andy. You're

so much more talented than that. I want you to write full-length cover

stories, work with brilliant photographers who will execute your vision,

assign your ideas to other writers and edit them, mentor them, oversee

them. You'll travel far-flung destinations and interview celebrities, and of

course we‘ll accept swag and free trips and every imaginable discount

because we won‘t claim to be even remotely impartial. How fun does that

sound?‖

Andy jutted out her lower lip. ―Not terrible.‖

―You can say that again. Very not terrible. I‘ll be the public face of the

magazine and do all the stuff you would hate. I‘ll throw the parties and

court the advertisers and do all the hiring and firing. I‘ll find the office

space and buy all the equipment and supplies. We‘ll find really terrific

people who can oversee a lot of these things so we can focus on making it

the premier wedding magazine in the country. Did I mention health

insurance? And enough of a salary to actually eat out on your own dime?

Can you even imagine it?‖ (p. 132)

Based on the quotation above and on Murphy‘s theory of characterization

(1972), their conversation depicts that Emily tries to convince Andrea to create

their own fashion magazine together. She tells Andrea the details that seems so

fun to do, when in reality, those things are actually hard work since they have to

build it from point zero. Emily makes it sound easy because she knows what she

does and she loves working hard.

Another proof is when Emily tells Andrea briefly about how she feels after

Miranda fires her four months after Andrea‘s resignation.

Emily‘s hand was shaking slightly as she stirred the sprouts.

―None. I worked for her for almost three years – I fucking learned French

so I could tutor Caroline and Cassidy in all my free time – and she threw

me out like a garbage. I was weeks away from a promised promotion to

associate fashion editor and bam! Good-bye. No explanation, no apology,

no thank-you, nothing.‖ (p. 100)


32

Despite picturing Emily‘s anger, the quotation above also depicts how

Emily struggles for her work and her job through her speech and reaction. She

does jobs that actually are not in her job desk. For instance, she forces herself to

learn French just to be able to teach her former boss‘ daughters, even though that

is not an assistant‘s job. Emily commits to her job and does great with it. She

wants to be an associate fashion editor and she is willingly to do anything so she

can be promoted. She has clear visions of what she actually wants.

c. Talkative

Emily is described as talkative because she likes to talk and gives

comments to others. She sometimes talks with too much details. One proof is

when Emily and her husband are having a party in Hamptons, and she asks

Andrea to dress up immediately.

―Andy, you know how important tonight is! Miles called a trillion favors

to get everyone over here, and I‘ve spent the past month dealing with

florists and caterers and my fucking mother-in-law. Do you know how

hard it was to convince them to let us host this dinner here? You‘d think

we were seventeen and planning a kegger the way that woman went over

all the rules with me. All you had to do was show up, look decent, and be

charming, and look at you! (pp. 19-20)

Referring to direct comment and speech of Murphy‘s theory of

characterization (1972), Emily is categorized as talkative since she talks a lot and

she feels like she needs to talk about anything and everything. In the quotation

above, Emily rushes Andrea to dress up immediately, and she talks about how she

thinks the event is important, how hard she works to prepare for this event.

Another proof is when Emily tries to convince Andrea to build their own

magazine. She explains everything she has thought about it.


33

―I do! Miles has a dozen friends, maybe more, all New York bankers or

Hollywood types, who are always looking to invest in this kind of thing.

They just love throwing extra cash at creative start-ups, especially when

it‘s something media or publishing related. They can't help it – they

automatically think sex, models, and glamour. And we will feel very free

to encourage that type of thinking. Because the way I see it, our magazine

is going to be different from every other wedding rag out there.‖ (p. 133)

From the quotation above and based on Murphy‘s theory of characterization

(1972), Emily is considered talkative from the speech. When she asks Andrea to

build together their own bridal magazine, Emily becomes excited and she talks

about the details even the future investors for the magazine. She thinks far ahead

and although it has not been a reality, she is bold enough to say that the people she

states will be their investors.

B. Andrea’s Motivation in Building Friendship with Emily

This section focuses on how Andrea builds friendship with her former

work partner and also enemy, Emily Charlton. In order to know how Andrea

builds friendship with Emily, it is necessary to understand what motivations that

leads Andrea to do it. To understand what motivations Andrea does have, an

analysis of motivation is needed. The analysis of motivation is done using

Maslow‘s theory of motivation.

Every human being has their own motivation in doing something. It is

their nature to do things to achieve things that they want. Belongingness and love

needs, safety needs, also esteem needs are used to reveal Andrea‘s motivation.

The motivation concerns the needs to fulfill, and human needs are divided into

five categories. They are physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love

needs, esteem needs and self-actualization (Maslow, 1997).


34

Andrea is described as insecure because of her former boss, her husband‘s

mother who does not like her, and her husband who she thinks has an affair.

Andrea tries to look for comfort and consolation in Emily, and hoping that by

sharing her problems to Emily, it will make her feel better.

Without warning, Andy‘s throat tightened. ―What do I do, Em? It feels like

everything‘s spinning out of control. I can‘t believe his family hates me.

And this whole Katherine thing is just unnerving.‖

(…)

―Do you remember him begging you to move in with him six months after

you met? He wanted to go ring shopping for your first anniversary! And if

that man mentions ―starting a family‖ one more time, Miles is going to kill

him. He really does love you, Andy, and you know it.‖ (pp. 120-121)

The quotation above portrays Andrea shares her feelings to Emily. She

feels insecure since she has a problem with her husband. She needs Emily‘s

advice and consolation. It shows that Andrea believes in Emily and based on

Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs in Huffman et al (1997), she wants to fulfill her

safety needs to feel safe and secure. Andrea‘s expectation is depicted in the

sentence, ―What do I do, Em?‖ which could be interpreted as an effort to ask for

Emily‘s support to help herself feel calmer and comfortable. Knowing that Andrea

is in a bad situation, Emily tries to make her feel better by saying things that

actually are not solving but rather calming.

Emily tries to remind Andrea how romantic she is with Max, and tries not

to make Andrea feel worse. The approach Emily does is by saying ―He really does

love you, Andy, and you know it.‖ This is a proof that she only needs to convince

Andrea, and fulfill Andrea‘s expectation to get the secure and safety feelings from

Emily.


35

Another proof of Andrea‘s needs of being secure and safe is when she and

Emily go to Elias-Clark for a meeting with Miranda Priestly. Andrea feels anxious

and she really wants to get out of that place immediately.

―I don‘t think I can do this,‖ Andy murmured. A wave of anxiety washed

over her. What was she doing, thinking she could just show up here after

everything that had happened and waltz into Miranda Priestly‘s office like

nothing was wrong? This was a horrible idea, a disastrous one. Her urge to

flee was overwhelming.

Emily grabbed Andy‘s arm and practically yanked her through the turnstile

and onto the elevator, where they were somehow, blessedly, alone. She

punched the button for the eighteenth floor and turned to Andy. ―We‘re

going to get through this, okay?‖ she said, her voice trembling slightly.

―Look on the bright side – at least we don‘t have to go to the Runway

floor.‖ (p. 191)

From the quotation above, Andrea is traumatized of meeting Miranda

again. Although Andrea knows it will not make them go back, she has the needs

of sharing her feelings to her best friend and hoping she will get consolation.

Therefore, Emily tries to console Andrea by saying that they are going to be okay

although she is a little bit insecure herself. Maslow as cited by Huffman et al

(1997) states that safety needs also include the act of seeking pleasure and

avoiding pain. By being secure from pain and danger, people can feel safe and

peaceful. In the quotation above, Andrea gets her security and safety needs

fulfilled by Emily in the way Emily tries to calm her. Emily makes Andrea feel

safer and peaceful.

Beside the safety needs, Andrea also wants to fulfill her love and

belongingness needs. Andrea has known Emily since the time they work together

as co-assistant in Runway and they have spent almost a year together, but they

have not been real friends. In Revenge Wears Prada, Andrea meets Emily again in


36

a whole different situation. Andrea and Emily meet in a cooking class and they

become cooking partners. Andrea wants to build friendship with Emily because

she has belongingness and love needs. She builds their friendship through their

feelings and experiences.

In the novel, Andrea tries to make the first conversation with Emily in the

cooking class, because she cannot stand being in the same room with someone she

knows but ignores each other.

They moved wordlessly into position side by side, and when Emily settled

into a rhythm of slicing zucchini into matchsticks, Andy forced herself to

say, ―So, how is everything?‖

―Everything? It‘s fine.‖ Emily still excelled at conveying that she found

every word Andy uttered extremely distasteful. It was almost comforting

to see nothing had changed. Although Andy could tell Emily didn‘t want

to ask and couldn‘t have cared less about the answer, Emily managed to

ask, ―How about you?‖

―Oh, me? Fine, everything‘s fine. I couldn‘t believe it‘s already been a

year, can you?‖

Silence. (pp. 96-97)

Andrea tries to make a conversation going on with Emily with intention of

only making friends. She cannot ignore the fact that they both are in the same

place and in a group where they have to cook together. Based on Maslow‘s

hierarchy of needs in Huffman et al (1997), Andrea starts to build a friendship

because of her belongingness and love needs. She wants to be friends with Emily.

Andrea‘s action in the beginning of the friendship is included in the

intrinsic motivation since she does it on her own will and voluntarily. She is not

forced by anyone to talk to Emily. Huffman et al (1997) divide motivations into

two kinds. They are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the

desire to perform an act for its own sake. While extrinsic motivation is the desire


37

to perform an act because of external rewards or avoidance of punishment (p.

377). However, as time goes by Andrea and Emily become best friends, Andrea

develops the extrinsic motivation because she wants their business, The Plunge to

be more successful. This kind of motivation is included in the external rewards.

Another proof of Andrea‘s belongingness and love needs shows when she

and Emily make jokes on each other before they have dinner with other

businessmen.

―Yes. Now Max is in charge and, by all accounts, doing a very good job so

far. And the only thing Max likes more than investing in start-up media

projects is investing in start-up media projects that are run by attractive

women.‖

―Oh, Em, are you calling me attractive? Seriously, I'm blushing.‖

Emily snorted. ―I was actually talking about me… Look, can you be

downstairs in five minutes? I need you!‖ Emily said as she walked out the

door.

―I love you too!‖ Andy called after her, already digging out her strapless

bra.

From the conversation above, it is proven that Andrea and Emily can make

jokes on things they talk about. Andrea throws the ‗attractive‘ joke on Emily, and

Emily replies with another joke saying that the ‗attractive women‘ refers to her.

The jokes that they make can only occur when two individuals have already

known each other well and understand each other‘s sense of humor. This can

happen because they have intimacy. Their intimacy is also strengthened by the

utterance ―I love you too‖ by Andrea. The utterance ―I love you too‖ usually

comes as a reply of the utterance ―I love you‖. However, because Andrea and

Emily already have intimacy, those kinds of utterance jokes seem normal.


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Therefore, relating to Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs in Huffman et al

(1997), it can be concluded that Andrea fulfills her belongingness and love needs.

Friendship and intimacy are kinds of love needs. They have a strong connection as

they have a trust and they are not easily insulted by what their friends say.

According to Beebe et al (1996), people need friends to be included in some

activities of others and to give and receive love, support, warmth and intimacy (p.

413). Andrea and Emily give each other love, support and are intimate so that they

become best friends.

Aristotle in Ostwald (1962) also states that there are three bases of

friendship: utility, pleasure and goodness (p. 218). In this case, Andrea‘s kind of

friendship is the one based on goodness. Andrea does not have any specific

intention of making friends with Emily. She wants to do it because she knows

Emily for almost a year and they know they have not been so kind to each other.

Andrea starts to build their friendship and share her feelings to Emily.

Friendship is also a relationship in which friends spend a great deal of time


provide emotional support to one another (Baron and Byrne, 1997, p. 278).

Considering the theory, the quotation above shows that Emily provides an

emotional support to Andrea when Andrea has a problem. She becomes the friend

that Andrea needs, because she is there not only in good times but also bad times,

and Emily‘s support fulfills Andrea‘s needs of belongingness and love needs.

Another motivation that Andrea has in building her friendship with Emily

is because she wants to fulfill her esteem needs. She has a trauma from her past


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concerning her former job in Runway and her former boss, Miranda Priestly. She

can barely move on from the nightmares Miranda has given her and it makes her

traumatized. This is where Emily is needed. Emily is a working-oriented woman.

She enjoys working hard. She likes everything to be perfect and although she has

a similar past with Andrea concerning their former jobs, she does not let it intrude

her current career life.

Emily can be Andrea‘s support of moving on from the past. She helps

Andrea put aside her trauma by making the idea of building their own bridal

magazine.

―Yes, but it‘s just a job! What I'm talking about is a career. It‘s

entrepreneurship. We‘ll launch it together and it will be our baby. You

can't tell me you're not ready for something more than top-ten updo lists!

Happily ever after is a lovely little website with some occasional cute

content and a whole lot of trite filler shit. You know it and I know it.‖

The quotation above shows how Emily tries to persuade Andrea to make

their own bridal magazine and be entrepreneurs. Emily has a strong-will about her

work life and she wants to make it perfect in every detail. That is why, she wants

to build her own magazine. Andrea is intrigued by the idea and eventually accepts

the idea. They both start building their career from the bottom. It can distract

Andrea from her thoughts of Miranda and her nightmares because she is busy with

her work.

According to Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs in Huffman et al (1997),

Andrea realizes her dream by owning her own business. Andrea needs Emily

because Emily can help Andrea making her life better in her career. Furthermore,

their magazine which is called The Plunge, becomes one of the famous bridal

magazines in town. Andrea is able to meet socialites, rich people and celebrities to


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cover in her magazine because she is assertive. Also, indirectly Andrea takes

revenge to her past life that has been haunting her, by showing it off to people and

Miranda that she is able to stand up, rebuild her life and build her own career and

she succeeds in doing that. Andrea‘s prestige is high. Therefore, Andrea‘s esteem

needs are fulfilled.


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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of three parts. The first part presents the conclusions

of the analysis and the answers of the problems formulated. The second part is the

implication for managing friendship in learning and teaching process. The last part

presents recommendation for English lecturers implementing the novel as a

recommendation for future researchers who want to conduct the researches on

Weisberger‘s Revenge Wears Prada.

A. Conclusions

There are two points to draw as the conclusions of the study. The first

point concerns the characteristics of Andrea and Emily. The second is Andrea‘s

motivation in building friendship with Emily.

Based on the analysis, there are four major characteristics of Andrea‘s

character. Andrea is portrayed as an assertive, traumatized, insecure and tough

person. Andrea has a strong will and cannot be persuaded in any way. She knows

what is best for herself and her career. She is a determined woman who will not

let even her husband change her mind or decisions. Andrea is also traumatized,

because of her past life and experiences. She has nightmares of Miranda, her

former boss‘ domination and intimidation, and the tortures she experiences many

years ago. Andrea is also an insecure person and it is also because of her past. She

worries so much about the fact that her former boss tries to acquire her magazine


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and that she will be under Miranda‘s command once again. However, she is tough

as she is able to build her own magazine.

Meanwhile, Emily is described as an opportunistic, working-oriented and

talkative. Emily is a person who would jump to any occasion that seem to have

benefits for her, sometimes without thinking of other people, including her best

friend, Andrea. Emily also loves to work and really enjoys working, that she

spends most of her time doing her job. She is also described as talkative, because

sometimes Emily talks too much even when she is not expected to.

Andrea has her own motivation in making friends with Emily Charlton.

Her motivation is to fulfill her love and belongingness needs. She wants to be

accepted and needed by her friend. Besides love and belongingness needs,

Andrea‘s motivation is included in safety needs and esteem needs. She wants to be

recognized, have the capability, be useful and have a purpose in the world, also

show off to other people that she can be successful. These are the reasons why she

builds The Plunge with her friend, Emily.

B. Implications

Literature can also help people to gain knowledge and life values. By

studying literary works such as novels, poems, short-stories, scripts and many

others, we can get enormous kinds of values. For example, the friendship between

friends is analyzed in this study. Therefore, we can learn about people‘s

characteristics and their intentions toward other people. We can gain information

on how one‘s character can be complex and why we need to understand other

people‘s characteristics. We can also learn about how to make good friendship

and what to avoid in making friends.


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For future teachers of ELESP, the ability of making friends and building

friendship with the students is essential. Teachers are expected to make an

approach to the students in the most friendly and comfortable ways to make bonds

between the two. Teachers can become friends of the students so that the students

can enjoy the study more. However, it is considered inappropriate for teachers to

develop such a close relationship with the students in order to avoid an unequal

treatment among students.

C. Suggestions

There are many aspects and values that can be found in Revenge Wears

Prada. This study focuses on Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship and

Emily. Future researchers can study the characters and analyze the friendship

further. Andrea‘s motivation in building friendship with other characters is

suggested. If future researchers are to analyze different topics, there are many

other issues that can be found in the novel, such as the main character‘s

psychological issue and how the characters‘ careers affect their personal lives.

As for lecturers of ELESP, the novel Revenge Wears Prada can be used as

one of the materials in teaching Prose. This novel provides many things to discuss

such as the theme, settings, characters, characterizations, plot and others. New

vocabularies can also be found and used as learning activity for the students. The

students can also learn on how to write good stories and writings in the way this

novel tells the story. Furthermore, this novel contains moral values which are

useful for the students in both their studies and lives.


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REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H. (1981). A glossary of literary terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston.

Adoro Te, L.V.C. (2016). The influence of personal relationship on andrea’s

personality development as seen in Weisberger‘s revenge wears prada.

Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

Anshari, F. (2010). The influence of work on andrea sachs’ personality

development as seen in Lauren Weisberger’s the devil wears prada.

Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

Azizah, R. (2016). The influence of andrea sachs’s characteristics and traumatic

experience on her defense mechanism in lauren weisberger‘s revenge

wears prada. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

Aristotle. (1962). The nicomachen ethic. Ostwald, M (Transl). New York: The

Bobbs-Merrill Company Inc.

Baron, R.A & Byrne D. (1997). Social psychology. Massachusetts: A Viacom

Company.

Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J., & Redmond, M. V. (1996). Interpersonal

communication relating to others. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Blum, L.A. (1980). Friendship, altruism and morality. New York: Routledge,

Chapman and Hall.

Candrarini, F. (2013). Andrea sachs’ struggle for becoming fashionable as seen in

Lauren Weisberger’s the devil wears prada. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma

University.

Huffman, K., Vernoy, M., & Vernoy, J. (1997). Psychology in action. New York:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Murphy, M.J. (1972). Understanding unseen: an introduction to english poetry

and the english novel for overseas students. London: George Allan and

Unwin, Ltd.

Petri, H.L. (1981). Motivation: theory and research. Belmont: A Division of

Wadsworth, Inc.

Rohrberger, M. & Woods, S. H. J. (1971). Reading and Writing about Literature.

New York: Random House.


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Weisberger, L. (2013). Revenge wears prada: the devil returns. New York:

Penguin Books.


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APPENDICES


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APPENDIX I

BIOGRAPHY OF LAUREN WEISBERGER

Lauren Weisberger was born on 28 March 1977, in

Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA. She graduated from Parkland

High School in 1995 and got her Bachelor‘s degree at

Cornell University in 1995. Lauren‘s first job was the

assistant to the Editor-in-Chief of Vogue, Anna Wintour. She

then moved to Departures magazine where she wrote 100-word reviews by day

and took writing classes at night. Lauren currently lives in Connecticut with her

husband Mike, and their two kids. She begun to write The Devil Wears Prada at

the Writer’s Voice, and was published in April 2013. The book became The New

York Times Bestseller List for a year, and was sold in thirty-four foreign countries.

It was made into a major motion picture by Fox 2000 starring Anne Hathaway and

Meryl Streep.

Lauren‘s second, third and fourth novels, Everyone Worth Knowing

(October 2005), Chasing Harry Winston (May 2008), Last Night at Chateau

Marmont (August 2010) were all top ten New York Times bestsellers. Her most

recent novel, Revenge Wears Prada, hit number two on the list.

Adopted from http://www.laurenweisberger.com/author


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APPENDIX II

SUMMARY OF REVENGE WEARS PRADA

Revenge Wears Prada is a book written by Lauren Weisberger and is the

sequel to The Devil Wears Prada. The story tells about a young woman named

Andrea who works as an assistant to Miranda Priestly, the editor-in-chief of a

well-known fashion magazine named Runway ten years ago. Andrea quits the job

because she could not keep up to Miranda‘s erratic behavior and demands. Andrea

and her former coworker at Runway, Emily Charlton, who becomes her best

friend, decide to start their own magazine. Andrea is also a girlfriend to Max, a

handsome and successful man from a wealthy family, who proposes and is about

to marry. Andrea is happy with her life until she finds a letter from Max's mother

to him who urges him not to marry Andrea since he has recently met his ex-

girlfriend on a trip and there might be some feelings left between them - which

Andrea never knows. Andrea confronts Max who comes clean and assures her

nothing has happened, nor will happen. Therefore, Andrea forgets about the letter,

they finally get married, and then move to an apartment in Chelsea.

Shortly thereafter, Andrea learns she is pregnant and she gives birth to a

daughter: Clementine. Having this newfound life, Andrea feels she has left the

past behind once and for all. Until one day, Miranda decides to acquire Andrea's

magazine. Emily wants Miranda to buy the magazine but Andrea is not convinced,

even though Max also encourages her to sell. After many considerations and

meetings with Miranda, Andrea realizes that Miranda wants a total control of their


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magazine. Andrea knows she will completely lose it, thus she decides to refuse the

offer. Unfortunately, Max and Emily decide to go behind Andrea's back to sell the

magazine to Miranda, which Max is able to do because he has invested some

money in the magazine. Andrea is furious thus she divorces Max and also ends

her friendship with Emily. Andrea decides to become a writer and at the same

time works for New York magazine.

One day, Andrea runs into her ex-boyfriend Alex. They go for lunch and

Alex tells her that his girlfriend cheats on him. Alex eventually breaks up with his

girlfriend and in the end, they get back together. Andrea learns that Emily gets

fired from her own magazine upon Miranda's acquisition - as Andrea has

predicted.

Adopted from http://allreaders.com/book-review-summary/revenge-wears-prada-

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