Abstract book Hand in Hand to Sustainability on Globe

Abstract book会议摘要

2019 Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing

October 9-11, 2019

Tongji University同济大学

Hand in Hand toSustainability on Globe

Shanghai,China

PrefaceThe Organizing Committee of the 17th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing (GCSM) is happy to meet you in Shanghai, China. This conference is jointly organized and hosted by the Tongji University in Shanghai and by the Produktionstechnisches Zentrum Berlin of Technische Universität and Fraunhofer Institute.

The GCSM serves as a forum for universities, research institutes and industry on their activities related to sustainable manufacturing. Mutual intellectual dialogue based on initiatives coping with the challenge of environmental, social and economic sustainability in the global framework coin the conference. Plenary keynote speeches by experienced personalities from academics and industry, technical presentations in respective sessions and workshops of student teams from different countries offer new insights and chances for exchange of ideas. Session contents on product design, manufacturing processes and systems, and on crosscutting technological topics as education, business models, technology innovation are integrated under the umbrel la of sustainabi l ity . A total of 120 contributions will be presented in parallel sessions. They are authored and co-authored by personalities from 27 countries representing all continents of the globe.

In a session of students from different countries, exchange of their perspectives on how to go for the “Sustainable Development Goals” of the United Nations by concrete projects will be demonstrated.

Welcome to GCSM 2019 in Shanghai!Best regards,

Prof.Günther Seliger(Founding Chair)

Prof.Zhang Weimin(National Chair)

Dr. Ömer Ganiyusufoğlu(National Chair)

Prof. Holger Kohl(International Chair)

2019 Global Conference on

1Sustainable Manufacturing

CommitteesHand in Hand to

Sustainability on Globe

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Organizing Committee:Prof. Günther SeligerDr. Ömer GaniyusufoğluProf. Zhang WeiminProf. Holger KohlProf. Dr. Min JunyingDr. Ana Paula BarquetMustafa SeverengizSigrid TreptauMustafa Anil SafranLukas Byrne

International Scientific Committee：Prof. Eberhard AbeleProf. Ahmed Abu HaniehProf. Sung-Hoon AhnProf. Tülin AktinProf. Yusuf AltintasProf. Helmi AttiaProf. Dirk BähreProf. Alagar Krishnan BalajiProf. Peter BallProf. Paulo Jorge da Silva BártoloProf. Thomas BergsProf. Alain BernardProf. Bopaya BidandaDr. Pinar BilgeProf. Wahidul BiswasProf. Friedrich BleicherProf. Milton BorsatoProf. Konstantinos-Dionysios BouzakisProf. Daniel BraatzProf. Dermot Brabazon

Technische Universität BerlinShenyang Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd. Tongji UniversityTechnische Universität BerlinTongji UniversityTechnische Universität BerlinTechnische Universität BerlinTechnische Universität BerlinTechnische Universität BerlinTechnische Universität Berlin

Technische Universität DarmstadtBirzeit UniversitySchool of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringIstanbul Kültür ÜniversitesiUniversity of British ColumbiaMcGill UniversityUniversität des SaarlandesUniversity of UtahUniversity of YorkUniversity of ManchesterRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule AachenEcole Centrale de NantesUniversity of PittsburghTechnische Universität BerlinCurtin UniversityTechnische Universität WienUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáAristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversidade Federal de São CarlosDublin City University



CommitteesInternational Scientific Committee：Prof. Erhan BudakProf. Satish BukkapatanamProf. Peter ButalaProf. Giampaolo CampanaProf. Edson Walmir CazariniProf. Cao HuajunProf. Kjun-Ki ChoiDr. Barbara CimattiProf. Laszlo CserProf. Pedro Filipe CunhaProf. Michele DassistiProf. Berend DenkenaProf. Franz DietrichDr. Matthew DoolanProf. Joost DuflouProf. Mohamed El MansoriProf. Waguih ElMaraghyProf. Hoda ElMaraghyProf. Kleber F. EspôstoProf. Steve EvansProf. Fengzhou FangDr. Omar FerganiProf. Matthias FinkbeinerProf. Jürgen FleischerDr. Ömer Şahin GaniyusufoğluProf. Robert GaoDr. Brian GibsonProf. Thomas GriesProf. Wit GrzesikProf. Peihua GuDr. Thomas GuidatProf. Yuebin GuoProf. Karl HaapalaProf. Yoram HaleviProf. Ramsey Hamade

Sabancı ÜniversitesiTexas A&M UniversityUniverza v LjubljaniUniversità di BolognaUniversidade de São PauloChongqing UniversityUniversity of DaytonUniversità di BolognaBudapesti Corvinus EgyetemEscola Superior de Tecnologia de SetubalBari Polytechnical UniversityGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität HannoverTechnische Universität BerlinAustralian National UniversityKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenArts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM)University of WindsorUniversity of WinsdorUniversidade de São PauloUniversity of CambridgeTianjin UniversitySiemensTechnische Universität BerlinKarlsruhe Institut für TechnologieShenyang Machine Tool Co., Ltd.Case Western UniversityOak Ridge National LaboratoryRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule AachenTechnical University of OpoleTianjin UniversityVietnamese German UniversityRutgers UniversityOregon State UniversityTechnionAmerican University of Beirut



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� � � � � � � � � � � � � �� ：Prof. Afif HasanProf. Christoph HerrmannProf. S. Jack HuProf. Yinlun HuangProf. Dmitry IvanovProf. I. S. JawahirProf. Anshu JayalProf. Krzysztof JemielniakProf. Jacob JeswietProf. Jiang PingyuProf. Roland JochemProf. Leo JoskowiczProf. Francesco JovaneProf. Sami KaraDr. Azharul KarimProf. Bernhard KarpuschewskiProf. Yusuf KaynakProf. Marwan KhraishehProf. Holger KohlDr. Philip KoshyProf. Peter KrajnikProf. Ehud KrollDr. Asela KulatungaProf. Gisela LanzaProf. Bert LauwersProf. İsmail LazoğluProf. Ming LeuProf. Terje Kristoffer LienDr. Tao LuProf. Don A. LuccaProf. Shreyes MelkoteProf. Laszlo MonostoriProf. Sandra Naomi MoriokaDr. Khumbulani MpofuDr. Rachid M'Saoubi

Birzeit UniversityTechnische Universität BraunschweigUniversity of GeorgiaWayne State UniversityBerlin School of Economics and LawUniversity of KentuckyIndian Institute of Technology – RoparWarsaw University of TechnologyQueen's UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityTechnische Universität BerlinThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPolitecnico di MilanoThe University of New South WalesQueensland University of TechnologyOtto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgMarmara UniversityQatar FoundationTechnische Universität BerlinMcMaster UniversityChalmers University of TechnologyORT Braude Academic College of EngineeringUniversity of PeradeniyaKarlsruhe Institut für TechnologieKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenKoç ÜniversitesiUniversity of Misssouri of Science and TechnologyNorges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet5ME, LLCOklahoma State UniversityGeorgia Tech Manufacturing InstituteHungarian Academy of SciencesFederal University of ParaíbaTshwane University of TechnologyThe University of Nottingham

Committees5

2019 Global Conference onSustainable Manufacturing

International Scientific Committee：� rof. Andrew Nee Yeh ChingProf. Stephen Thomas NewmanDr. Jens Palacios NeffkeProf. Peter NyhuisProf. Gul Okudan-KremerProf. Mohammed OmarProf. Aldo Roberto OmettoDr. Tiaan OosthuizenProf. Jose OuteiroDr. Emanuele PagoneProf. Vladimir PortmanProf. Franci PušavecProf. Shahin RahimifardProf. Rajkumar RoyProf. Robert SchmittDr. Julius SchoopDr. Dan SeeversProf. Dusan SekulicProf. Günther SeligerProf. Rossi SetchiProf. Luca SettineriProf. Semih SeverengizProf. Wilfried SihnProf. Steven J. SkerlosProf. Anil SrivastavaProf. Rainer StarkProf. Frank StraubeDr. Sarang SupekarProf. John W. SutherlandProf. Shozo TakataProf. Tao FeiProf. Roberto TetiProf. Tetsuo TomiyamaDr. Thanh Tran TrungProf. Mitchell M. Tseng

National University of SingaporeUniversity of BathBombadier TransportationLeibniz Universität HannoverIowa State UniversityMasdar Institute of TechnologyUniversidade de São PauloStellenbosch UniversityÉcole Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et MétiersCranfield UniversityBen Gurion University of the NegevUniversity of LjubljanaLoughborough UniversityUniversity of LondonRheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule AachenTechsolve Inc.Lexmark International Inc.University of KentuckyTechnische Universität BerlinCardiff UniversityPolitecnico Di TorinoHochschule BochumTechnische Universität WienUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTechnische Universität BerlinTechnische Universität BerlinArgonne National LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWaseda UniversityBeihang UniversityUniversity of Naples "Federico II"Cranfield UniversityVietnamese German UniversityFeng Chia University



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International Scientific Committee：Prof. Eckart UhlmannProf. Domenico UmbrelloProf. Alper UysalProf. Fred J.A.M. van HoutenProf. Dzuraidah Abdul WahabProf. Lihui Wangg

Technische Universität BerlinUniversity of CalabriaUniversity of KentuckyUniversiteit TwenteThe National University of MalaysiaKTH Royal Institute of Technology

Table of Contents7

Keynote Lectures

Keynote LecturesKeynote 1: Absolute Sustainability and the Role of Manufacturing in a Resource Constraint World

Keynote 2: Sustainable Manufacturing and Emission Reduction

Keynote 3: Harmonizing Sustainability and Connected Solutions in the Factory of the Future

Keynote 4: Common development: understanding Belt & Road Initiative in Context of New Normal

Keynote 5: Sustainable Manufacturing as a Business Case for a Machine Tool Builder

Keynote 6: Increasing Challenges for Sustainability for Manufacturing Industry based on Global, National and Technological Initiatives

Keynote 7: Joining of Light-weight and Dissimilar Materials for Transportation Fuel Efficiency and Sustainability

Keynote 8: Shortest path from scan to tooth

Keynote 9: Heart for Children: Education in Uganda

Abstracts�Session 1: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Additive Manufacturing

Session 2: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Energy Efficiency

Session 3: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Mobility Services

Session 4: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Machine Tools 1

Session 5: Sustainable Products Product Design and Innovation

Session 6: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Resource Efficiency

Session 7: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Value from Waste

Session 8: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Planning, Scheduling and Control

Session 9: Crosscutting Topics in Sustainable Manufacturing Sustainability at Regional Level

Session 10: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Supply Chain 1

Session 11: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Strategy and business Models

Session 12: Sustainable Products Life Cycle and Decision Making

Session 13: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Machine Tools 2

Session 14: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Industry 4.0

Session 15: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Assembly and Manufacturing Processes

Session 16: Sustainable Products Circular Economy

Session 17: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Surfaces Handling and Manufacturing

Session 18: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Maintenance

Session 19: Cross Cutting Topics on Sustainable Manufacturing Metrics

Session 20: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes Remanufacturing Processes

Session 21: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Supply Chain 2

Sustainability-oriented Student Projects: Presentations and Discussion

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Keynote LecturesHand in Hand to


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Keynote 1:Absolute Sustainability and the Role of Manufacturing in a Resource Constraint World

Prof. Sami KaraUNSW, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

AbstractManufacturing, as an enabler, underpins the living standards of our society. As a result, in the last three decades, the manufacturing industry has made a significant improvement in productivity and eco-efficiency of the product and service provided to meet the growing needs of the world population. Despite this, there has been unprecedented growth for the energy and resources demand, and the associated environmental impact in the same period. This growth is predicted to increase further with the growing population and the affluence. In the meantime, our understanding of sustainability has changed from relative to abso-lute with the realisation that the earth has a limited ecological carrying capacity and resources. This presen-tation will look into challenges the manufacturing industry will face in this constraint environment. It will further elaborate on how to facilitate societies living standards with limited resources into the future.


Keynote Lectures9

Keynote 2:Sustainable Manufacturing and Emission Reduction

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AbstractThe Dürr Group is one of the world’s leading mechanical and plant engineering firms with extensive expertise in automation and digitization/Industry 4.0. It mainly supplies the automotive industry, followed by the woodwork-ing and general industries. In 2018, the Dürr Group generated sales of € 3.87 billion.

In the last few years, sustainable products and manufacturing as well as sustainability in the supply chain have developed a great deal of momentum. End-consumers attach increasing importance to green products and production processes. Car and other manufacturers have to step up to the challenge. Carbon-neutral production and efficient, low-consumption products are examples of this green shift.

“Safeguarding sustainability” is one of the Dürr Group’s central corporate values. The Dürr Group ensures sustainability by developing resource-saving, efficient products with low rates of consumption. In comparison to 2005, Dürr’s paint shops now require 2/3 less energy. The Dürr Group is a key enabler for its customers: Through its products, it enhances sustainable manufacturing. It provides innovative products and offers intelligent software solutions for efficient and smart production. Smart, data-based analyses improve the production process and promote sustainable manufacturing by reducing energy and material consumption.

Ralf W. DieterCEO Dürr Group

Keynote LecturesKeynote 3:Harmonizing Sustainability and Connected Solutions in the Factory of the Future

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AbstractThe world is changing. This information should not surprise you. It is the natural flow of things, the technological progress. Industrial production has already undergone three fundamental, revolutionary changes over the last centuries and we are now witnessing and taking part in its next “evolution”. Fast integration and flexible config-uration facilitate the adaptability of Industry 4.0. People, machines, processes, and flows of goods are connect-ed. We have been one of the first movers in the realization of integrated concepts with i4.0 equipment.

We implement the leading provider and leading user strategy for I4.0. This strengthen Bosch on its way to become one of the leading IOT companies. We are lead users with more than 270 plants worldwide. We use the newest solutions and innovative development in our production facilities. On the other hand, we are lead provider of technology and solutions for our internal and external customers. We only offer solution to the market, where we have already proven experience and capability in our Bosch factories.

As a leading operator for Industry 4.0 Bosch and Bosch Rexroth has developed a vision for the Factory of the Future based on project expertise in own plants. Starting with digital configuration of the end product through a fully digitalized value stream, completely connected machinery will manufacture serial and custom-made goods with maximum flexibility independent of lot size with new benchmarks in cost benefit ratio.


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Volker SauerSenior VP of Manufacturing and Technology in Bosch Rexroth China

Keynote Lectures11


Keynote 4:Common development: understanding Belt & Road Initiative in Context of New Normal

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AbstractChinese president Xi Jinping proposed to jointly built a “Silk Road Economic Belt” and a “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” in 2013, the proposals we called “Belt & Road Initiative” (BRI), which attracted attentions from the international community. By now, many queries raised about the BRI: is it a Chinese Marshall Plan; a Tributary System; a new colonialism; a debt trap or another creditor-based imperialism? BRI is different from current international or regional cooperation mechanism like EU, CPTTP or APEC, etc. This speech will concentrate on background, philosophy, cooperative mechanism, the outcomes and challenges of BRI. The background of BRI is Chinese economic structural reform and new features of globalization. The Chinese economy has experienced long-term rapid economic growth, but it is heavily imbalanced, it needs switch from extensive economic growth model to intensive growth model which it is based on innovation. China pledged to improve TFP, and then realize high quality growth. The rise of China cannot separate from globalization, and China is an actively player and beneficia-ry of it. After 2008, China’s reform and opening up entered into a new stage, as both of the Chinese economy and world economy were entering into New Normal. China aims to build and extend its new economic network. The concept of BRI is common development; the philosophy of it is China’s traditional righteousness, it is beyond economic growth and distribution. The cooperative mechanism of BRI will be conducted through mutual consultation, cooperation and coordination. And this mechanism is getting multiple because of diverse development of BRI countries in geography, culture, economy, politics and society. “five links” are specific goals of BRI, which can be realized by diverse approaches: economic corridor, international capacity cooperation and industrial parks and so on. BRI has achieved some positive outcomes in five links, however, many challenges ahead. First, China will face more complicated governance task. BRI is a national initiative, state and enterprises will be highly involved, to make the goals of state and firms compatible is not an easy job; investment return is uncertain because of political, economic and social risks in BRI countries, protection mechanism is urgently needed; at present, most cooperation is bilateral, with more openness, common rule should be developed, multiple mechanism will work together; the creditor position of China will be impacted by de-globalization and escalation of China-US trade conflicts; to set up a bridge need strong piers, the goal of common development will offer the BRI countries to take free ride of rapid Chinese economic growth. BRI is a new pilot for China reform and opening up, crossing the river by touching stone, China will develop its wisdom to realize the common development in BRI countries

Prof. Li JingSchool of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China

Keynote LecturesKeynote 5:Sustainable Manufacturing as a Business Case for a Machine Tool Builder

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Abstract

Dr..-Ing., Dipl.-Kfm. Achim FeinauerCOO/ CTO EMAG GmbH & Co. KG

Sustainability for machines tool is defined by social, ecological but also economical parameters. Product life cycles are getting shorter and shorter and the products are getting softer and softer.

Social aspects are mainly driven by an easy usability and ergonomics. Therefore, the machine tool has to be adapted to different markets and cultures. Localization of HMI, intuitive handling and peripherical equipment is one major points for success.

Energy consumption for the production, daily usage and reconstruction is one key factor for sustainable manufacturing. Ecological aspects are getting more and more an essential point for investments. How to deal with those changes as a production system provider for classical machine tools?

EMAG machines, dedicated for the mid-size and high-volume production of precise metal parts typically last for 20 years and more. Since many years, EMAG machines are made of MINERALIT. This material allows being recycled for the construction of roads and the casting procedure will need almost no energy. In between the machine will get a retooling, sometimes a retrofit and for the networked production there will be a future fit with a redigitalization as part of sustainable machine tools.

Investment cost per annual capacity, number of parts per kilowatt-hour is typically positive influenced by the latest outstanding processes and technologies. Networked production with highest OEE value finally guarantees for sustainable and economical by means profitable production.


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Keynote LecturesKeynote 6:Increasing Challenges for Sustainability for Manufacturing Industry based on Global, National and Technological Initiatives

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Abstract

Prof. Holger KohlVice-Director, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK; Director, Division Corporate Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK;Professor, Sustainable Corporate Development, Technical University of Berlin, Germany

The world has always been undergoing constant change. For a long time, this change has been mainly shaped by natural evolution, but with increasing growth of economies and population as well as technological development mankind is more and more forced to emphasize sustainability tasks to secure quality of life. Diverse global and regional initiatives with enormous impact on all areas of human living in the field of trade, infrastructure or production are shaping the world with increasing speed. To cope with the growing challenges such as climate change, scarcity of resources or increasing social pressure, a combined sustainability strategy of companies, investors, civil society and the public sector is essential to secure a prosperous future. This keynote introduces supra-regional initiatives of infrastructure and production and outlines approaches to manage related sustainability challenges. Standards, tools and methods to assess and mitigate risks and to give guidance are presented.



Keynote LecturesKeynote 7:Joining of Light-weight and Dissimilar Materials for Transportation Fuel Efficiency and Sustainability

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Abstract

UGA Foundation Distinguished Professor, University of GeorgiaProf. S. Jack Hu

The transportation industry consumes about one third of all energy and 71% of all petroleum used in the US to move people and goods. Combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels create harmful emissions to the environment, including carbon dioxide, as well as particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons. Over the next twenty years, the total number of miles driven by Americans is projected to grow by 40%. In addition, the rapid development of automotive transportation in developing countries will further aggravates this critical challenge. Clearly, the existing consumption pattern in the transportation sector is not sustainable.

Reduced vehicle weight leads to smaller size engines, better fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions. It was reported that every 100 kg weight reduction could lead to a fuel saving of 0.5 liter per 100 km and a reduction of 9 g CO2 per km. Modern car body structures can be constructed with a mix of materials to optimize performance while reducing weight. However, one critical challenge in manufacturing multi-material automotive structures lies in the joining these dissimilar materials since the existing methods of fusion welding (including gas metal arc welding and traditional resistance welding) and adhesive bonding fail to provide cost effective solutions. This presentation will provide two innovations in joining for vehicle light weighting, one hybrid method for joining aluminum to steel and another method of ultrasonic welding for joining carbon fiber composites. Process models and performance models will be presented for these two methods. Challenges and future work in these areas will be summarized.


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Keynote LecturesKeynote 8:Shortest path from scan to tooth

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Abstract

CEO imes-icore GmbHChristoph Stark

Our health is our most valuable property. Our several organs contribute to our entire health. An essential organ for our survival is our teeth. It is inevitable that we carefully maintain our teeth and in case of damage or natural wear we replace them by artificial tooth. Almost all of us know the traditional procedure of replacing a tooth. Several dates at dentist and several dental steps are necessary. All is very time consuming. Following Sustainable Development Goal Nr. 3 of United Nations the academy and the industry are obliged to deliver solutions for an effective dental therapy. Thanks to digitalization currently it is possible to leave the dental clinics by one stop with a new tooth. After having scanned the mouth the necessary tooth can be designed by 3D CAD system. Transferring the CAD Data to dedicated machine tool the tooth will be produced on the spot in the clinics. The dentist can insert it and make the final adjustments. Although this procedure is fully automated a dental expert is still necessary. The data created by CAD system have to be checked and edited following the deep knowledge of the dental expert. Providing total solutions for dental purposes and increasing the efficiency of dental therapy will contribute to dental health not only in developed countries but also in developing and emerging countries with high and increasing population.



Keynote LecturesKeynote 9:Heart for Children: Education in Uganda

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Abstract

CEO and owner of EWS GmbHMatthias Weigele

Successful companies and entrepreneurs are responsible for their company as well as for their employees, but also for the society. This was and still is the principle of Matthias Weigele and his brother Frank in leading the EWS Group for the last 25 years. With “Heart4Children Deutschland”, they laid the foundation of Kimbilio (refuge) in Tororo/Uganda, together with Jakobus Richter, one of today’s members of the board of association and a Ugandan couple. Because of the wide spreads of Aids, Uganda has over 2 million orphans. The entrepreneurs are recognizing their task in this project. Kimbilio is a boarding school where orphans receive a home, food and education, which means a chance of a happy life. Education is the foundation for a sustainable and responsible development of every country. The stated goal is, to offer the young people after their school education a vocational training accordingly. There are ambitious plans for that already. The number of children, living on the campus, has been growing to over 300 since the foundation in 2006.


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Abstracts2019 Global Conference on


Session 1: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes

A Decision Method to Improve the Sustainability of Post Processingin Multi Jet Fusion Additive ManufacturingMattia Mele.a, Giampaolo Campanaa, Gian Luca Monti,b

Ines Dania, Welf-Guntram Drossela, b, Nikolaus Milaeva, Hannes Korna, Christian Hannemanna, Joerg Hohlfelda, Rafi Wertheima, c

AbstractThe improvements in terms of sustainability achievable by means of additive manufacturing processes have been widely investigated in the literature. Nevertheless, less information exists on the economic, societal and environmental impacts of the postprocessing phase of additively manufactured parts. The present paper analyses the case of sandblasting in Multi Jet Fusion process chain. The main impact factors of this operation are examined to show their importance on the sustainability of the production. The thermal bleeding defect is deepened, due to its high influence. A descriptor to aid the decision-making about build orientation is proposed and applied to a real case.

Sustainability of Industrial Components Using Additive Manufacturing and Foam Materials

AbstractIn the industrial world, the topic of sustainability is gaining in importance, and it is the main issue in research and development regarding manufacturing. Looking for higher resource-efficiency and lightweight components results in a continuously increasing use of parts made by additive manufacturing (AM) and cellular materials. This paper will include highlights in laser beam melting and metal open-cell structures compared to conventional materials, considering different environmental and socioeconomic aspects. Examples will be presented in the area of machine tools and medical engineering. The main advantages of additive manufacturing comprise the compact, lightweight, and customized design of the components and the manufacturing of geometrically complex parts, reducing assembling efforts. One example of an open-cell structure was manufactured by investment casting.

a University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2,40136 Bologna, Italy b Studio Pedrini, Via Persicetana Vecchia 7/6, 40132 Bologna, Italy

a Fraunhofer IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany b Technische Universitaet Chemnnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany

c Fraunhofer Senior Advisor & Braude College, Israel

Additive Manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing

AbstractsSession 1: Sustainable Manufacturing Processes


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Adoption and Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies: The Case of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Technology Industry in Australia

Sam Tavassoli a, Milan Brandt a, Ma Qian a, Pia Arenius a, Babak Kianian b, Olaf Diegel b

Anne-Laure Mention a, Ivan Cole a, Aly Elghitany a, Leon Pope a

Pascalis Trentsiosa, Mario Wolf a, Sulamith Frerichb

AbstractThis paper provides the preliminary findings of a newly granted two-year project investigating the adoption of disruptive technologies, by focusing on the case of additive manufacturing (AM) in the medical technology (MedTech) industry, particularly implant applications. This is done by (I) stakeholder mapping of the industry in Australia. This included members of industry, researchers, academics, regulatory experts and MedTech consultants. (II) Identifying the top four major opportunity areas in which innovation can foster the adoption of AM implants, them being developments in Materials Science, Technology, Business Models, and Regulation & Quality Management. (III) Identifying and discussing the barriers in realizing such opportunity areas in practice, and finally (IV) recommending solutions based on the discussion and understanding of the proposed barriers that are hindering the widespread adoption and diffusion of 3-D printed medical implants. The impact of the project will be to unlock the potential of AM applications in the medical technology, which will benefit potential new entrants to the industry, incumbent firms, health care system, and patients in Australia.

Remote Lab Meets Virtual Reality – Enabling Immersive Access to High Tech Laboratories from Afar

AbstractVirtual Reality is currently one of the strongest trends in the consumer and gaming industry, while the typical Remote Lab in engineering education uses traditional 2D visualization options for desktop PCs. In this paper those two domains were combined by establishing state-of-the-art frontends for an existing engineering education Remote Lab. As the whole nature of this approach is experimental, the authors aimed at a variable degree of immersion and established two different approaches for the creation of a virtual environment. The first approach is to display the representation of the physical laboratory with 360°—images in a Street View type fashion. The second approach is a completely reconstructed virtual 3D-model of the existing physical laboratory. Both approaches were realized with the Unity engine and tested in the concern-ing laboratory

aRMIT University, 440 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne Vic 3000, Australia bLund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

a Chair for Digital Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany b Virtualisation of Process , Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany

AbstractsSession 2: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Energy Efficiency



Methodology for the Simulation Based Energy Efficiency Assessment of Battery Cell Manufacturing Systems

Max Weebera a, Johannes Wanner b, Philipp Schlegel b,Kai Peter Birke a,c, Alexander Sauera a,b

Julia Schulz, Valerie M. Scharmer, Michael F. Zaeh

AbstractThe trend towards electrification in the energy and transportation sector requires the build-up of new production capaci-ties for the next generation of high-end battery cells and packs. Consistent high quality products, minimum manufactur-ing costs and modularity of the production system are considered central planning targets. Here we present a multi-lev-el-simulation approach that is able to complement conventional planning targets while assessing the usage of energy within battery cell manufacturing considering machine availability and site locations. The energy assessment combines simulation models at machine and process level with a model that specifies technical building systems and the building shell. The simulation model was parameterized based on insights from scientific literature, equipment manufacturer data sheets and was checked for plausibility through expert interviews. Our results show that improving the energy efficiency of the coating / drying process can reduce total energy consumption of the battery manufacturing system by 13 to 30% depending on machine availability. Considering the location of the reference factory, Germany performed best in terms of primary energy demand, Sweden best in terms of energy related CO2 emissions and China achieved superior results in terms of energy related costs.

Energy Self-Sufficient Manufacturing Systems – Integration of Renewable and Decentralized Energy Generation Systems

� � � � � � � �Electricity price changes and regulatory operation fees may be non-transparent for manufacturing companies. Furthermore, due to the increasing amounts of renewable energies, grid stability and high grid quality will be less reliable in the future. Taking this into account, self-sufficiency of power supply becomes cost-efficient when being well-adapted to their specific requirements. Therefore, a concept for integration of renewable, decentral energy supply into modern production systems is described. Based on load profiles and further properties of the production system adaptable generation technologies are evaluated. Finally, demand response strategies for energy converters, distributors and storages are applied to minimize the residual power

Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 8 5748 Garching, Germany

a Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Nobenstr. 12, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germanyb Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP, Nobelstr. 12, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany

c Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), Electrical Energy Storage Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany

AbstractsSession 2: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsEnergy Efficiency

Energy Efficient Process Chains for the Production of PowertrainsBerend Denkena, Marc-André Dittrich, Maik Bergmeier, Miriam Handrup, Kolja

Meyer, Laura Onken, Christopher Schmidt

Roberto Menghia, Giulia Di Domizioa, Alessandra Papettia, Michele Germania, Marco Marconib

AbstractMobility is one of the major drivers of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The project Powertrain 2025 addresses this issue through the optimization of selected powertrain components in terms of friction, weight and service life to achieve savings in GHG during use. Energy efficient process chains and improved tool concepts enable this optimization. As a result, significant increases in energy efficiency can be achieved both in production and in usage of the powertrain components. A holistic, environmental evaluation, which visualizes optimization potentials and enables energy and resource efficient production control, completes this work.

An Energy Assessment Method for SMEs: Case Study of an Italian Mechanical Workshop

AbstractNowadays, climate change requires companies to reduce their energy consumption and make their production systems more efficient. However, the complexity of the methodologies, the lack of transparency or high efforts (personnel/time) make this challenge especially difficult for SMEs. In this context, the present paper proposes a workflow to supports SMEs in a lean energy analysis. Through the implementation of several methodologies, a comprehensive assessment of energy consumption was carried out. The application to a real case study allowed to identify energy inefficiencies and to evaluate the energy saving and performance improvement actions.

Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, An der Universität, 30823 Garbsen, Germany


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a Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences – Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy

b Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization – Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, Viterbo 01100, Italy



AbstractsSession 3: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Mobility Services

LEAN Mobility – The Spirit of a Future Lightweight, Efficient, Application-Oriented and Need-Adapted Road Mobility Concept

Jerome Kaspar, Jan-Henrik Schneberger, Michael Vielhaber

Chalaka Fernando, Vi Kie Soo, Matthew Doolan

AbstractToday, global challenges such as demographic changes (global population growth coupled with a growing middle class and its sufficient buying power), soaring urbanization and formation of megacities increasingly call for a worldwide environmen-tal awareness. This needs to continuously unfold myriad potentials in new mobility concepts for industry and society, particularly against the background of a sweeping scarcity of resources and growing energy demands. Dealing with those issues, this contribution discusses current efforts on approaches to road mobility including its pitfalls and confusions in sustainability assessment, and finally initiates a visionary lightweight, efficient, application-oriented and need-adapted mobility concept supporting resource-saving aspects combined with alternative drive systems and modular design strategies. Picking up the keywords of efficiency, consistency and sufficiency as a basis for the prospectively rising importance of sustainable product development, the presented road mobility concept highlights a semi-automatic length adjustment as well as a pioneering lateral dock-ability of two equivalent vehicles either for a collaborative journey or for an individual short excursion.

Life Cycle Assessment for Servitization: A Case Study on Current Mobility Services

AbstractThe use of mobility services is increasing. There is a suggestion that this will present a range of different sustainable outcomes. Life Cycle Assessment is commonly used to assess the impact of mobility products, such as cars, as a function of distance. However, it is unclear how this approach applies to different servitization models with varying occupancy levels.This paper assesses the effect of different occupancy rates on life cycle impact of current mobility services: taxi and carpooling compared to the vehicle ownership model using two functional units: vehicle kilometer and passenger kilometer. Case studies were carried out in Europe and the US to assess the global warming potential. This study showed that the use impact normalized to v.km is similar for different servitization modes but vary significantly when normalized to p.km. The environmental impact of personal transportation can be reduced significantly with the increase in occupancy levels for mobility services.

Institute of Engineering Design, Saarland University, Campus E2 9, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany

Research School of Electrical, Energy and Material Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

AbstractsAssessing the Environmental Impact of Novel Mobility Services using Shared Electric Scooters as an Example

Semih Severengiza, Sebastian Finkea, Nora Scheltea, Hayden Forristerb

AbstractThis paper outlines a methodology for determining how novel mobility services such as shared electric scooters can be assessed in terms of their environmental impact. This paper utilises quantifiable environmental indicators including Global Warming Potential, local air quality as well as public space demand, and presents a case study for the city of Bochum, Germany. In order to demonstrate the potential environmental impact of an electric scooter sharing system three scenarios for a modal split in Bochum are developed and examined. The findings support the proposal that novel mobility services can reduce the environmental impact of urban transportation systems. Moreover, recommendations for further increasing the environmental benefit of novel mobility services can be derived from this approach.

a Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Lennershofstr. 140, 44801 Bochum, Germanyb Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA


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Session 3: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsMobility Services



AbstractsEnhancing Single Channel MQL through Bypass Controlled Design for Deep Hole Drilling with Small Diameter Tool

Yongrong Li, Ralf Domrös

AbstractBecause of significant energy savings, enablement of higher machining speed as well as environmentally friendly features, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has been efficiently used for many machining processes. However, in deep hole drilling with small tools (tool diameter D< 5 mm and length L>25 D) there is a bottleneck for the single-channel MQL system. The single-channel MQL, based on the Venturi principle, has difficulty generating the required oil quantity due to dropped air pressure difference during the deep hole drilling process. In this paper, a system concept based on a bypass design is proposed and investigated in static and dynamic laboratory tests. In the static test, the oil volume with and without bypass control was measured. Through the spray pattern test, the aerosol distribution and the reaction time are analyzed. A dynamic machining trial with a drill tool (D=4.5 mm, L= 40 D) was carried out with the proposed system. The tool wear was tracked and analyzed up to 100 meters in drilling distance. The result shows that the single-channel MQL with a bypass control is able to overcome this limitation and enables a uniform and continuous aerosol flow to tooltips.

SKF Lubrication Systems Germany GmbH, Motzenerstrsße 35/37, Berlin 12277, Germany

Effects of Different Cooling Methods on the Specific Energy Consumption when Drilling CFRP/Ti6Al4V Stacks

Min Jia, Jinyang Xua,*, Ming Chena, Mohamed EI Mansorib,c

AbstractAs the current trend in the manufacturing industry is moving toward cleaner production and sustainable manufacturing, selecting a proper cooling method is of vital importance to reduce the environmental and economic impacts of machining processes. Thus, one of the biggest challenges a manufacturer faces when machining titanium-composite stacks is whether or not to use coolant, and, if so, how to apply it effectively. Therefore, it is important to know how the application of coolants to machined composite stack surfaces affects the kinetics of cutting and how the cut surfaces interact with the coolant. The aim of this paper is to study the cutting energy distribution in drilling CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks under different cooling conditions and to optimize the machining process in order to reduce the energy consumption. A series of drilling tests using TiAlN-coated drill bits under dry and MQL conditions were conducted to quantify the specific cutting energy consumption of each stacked phase. The results indicate that the use of vegetable-based lubricating oil can effectively reduce the energy consumed on the the friction work between the drill bit and the machined hole wall, which leads to a decrease in drilling torque and specific cutting energy. To achieve better hole quality and energy efficiency, large feed rates under MQL conditions are recommended.

Session 4: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Machine Tools 1

a School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR Chinab MSMP – EA 7350, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Châlons-en-Champagne 51006, France

C Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA

AbstractsSustainable Manufacturing of Prototype Automotive Gear Components

Within a Multi-Axis Machining PlatformBenjamin Peetersa, Jan Bouqueta, Olivier Malekb, A. Van Vlierberghec, Bert Lauwersa

AbstractThis research discusses the development and validation of a sustainable process chain for the efficient manufacturing of prototype gears for automotive applications. To reach the objectives, a selective laser hardening set-up has been integrated into a multi-axis machining platform. This allows to machine and harden gears in a single production center. In this research, 3 automotive drivetrain gears, representing a set of geometrical features (gear flanks,⋯) and materials, were manufac-tured and validated. Using the integrated laser hardening set-up, uniform hardness profiles were achieved on the different features while all measured quality parameters were within required tolerances.

Analysis of Productivity and Machining Efficiency in Sustainable Machining of Titanium Alloy

Aqib Mashood Khana,b, Ning He a,b, Liang Li a,b, Wei Zhao a,b, Muhammad Jamil a,b

AbstractRecently, hybrid lubricooling is considered as the emerging sustainable cooling technique and is in a rudimentary stage. The application of hybrid CryoMQL (Cryogenic+MQL) method is getting repute in the industrial sectors due to its benefits, such as less resource consumption and improved productivity. In the past, machining efficiency in term of the trade-off of productivity and energy efficiency has not been explored in-depth for hybrid Lubricooling assisted sustainable machining process. Therefore, in this study, turning experiments were performed to analyze the productivity and machining efficiency in sustainable machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. All experiments were performed in different cooling techniques, and comparative results were obtained. Cutting time was fixed for each environment during a particular set of experiments and cutting speed was kept relatively higher in hybrid CryoMQL (HCM) method. Results showed that the HCM method performed best as compared to dry and MQL method. Longer tool life, higher productivity, lower energy consumption can be obtained using the proposed method. The study preaches “Think Green, Plan Green, and Go Green” and the proposed technology can be implemented in the metal processing industry to get high productivity and save cost.


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Session 4: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsMachine Tools 1

a KU Leuven, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Member of Flanders Make, Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Heverleeb Sirris, Wetenschapspark 9, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

c Flanders Make, Celestijnenlaan 300 bus 4027, Heverlee 3001, Belgium

a College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing,210016, China.b National Engineering Research Center for Processing of Difficult-to-Machine Materials.

AbstractsA Balanced Design for Plural Performances of Technology, Economy

and Environment in Product DesignHaruo Ishikawa Naoko Sasaki

AbstractA balanced satisfaction design of two performances in each of technology, economy and environment in product design (total 6 performances) using set-based design concept based on performance satisfaction is implemented. Each interval solution of plural design variables that simultaneously satisfies the plural performances is achieved. As an application example, a model of vehicle door structure is used to reveal how set-based design method can be applied. As a result, the interval solutions of performances and design variables for the design model are obtained. The effectiveness of the set-based design method is demonstrated. This method is a general design method that can be also applied to problems with conflict and heterogeneity, and then, it can be an approach to solve the other environmental design problems of real products with such complex characteristics.

University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka,Chofu,Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Design of an Automated Maize De-Husking Machine forthe Case of Zimbabwe

Melisa Takawira-Nyakuchenaa Tawanda Mushirib,c

AbstractThe research paper is on the design of an automated maize de-husking machine for Zimbabwe situation and other developing nations in a sustainable way. The problem is that people husk maize manually and this consumes time thereby lessening production time. Machines with the de-husking system such as combined harvesters are very expensive such that many farmers opt for manual husking instead. Through a wide research of how maize de-husking machines are designed and manufactured, it was possible to come up with a sustainable and economic design in this paper. The implementation of the machine design has positive benefits to all the farmers in Zimbabwe and any other developing nations. To determine the moisture content of husks the maize was pluck out of the field and the husks were removed from the maize. Eighteen (18) samples were put into the oven to dry and remove moisture content. The designed machine was also tested for strength using von Mises stress analysis using SolidWorks 2016 software and it was found to be safe. The 3D prototype was manufactured to confirm the design and it is very compact ready to make the physical machine for maize husking.

Session5: Sustainable ProductsProduct Design and Innovation



a Graduate, University of Zimbabwe, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Post Office Box MP167, Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe, 00263b Senior Lecturer, University of Zimbabwe, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Post Office Box MP167, Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe, 00263c Senior Research Associate, Quality and Operations Department, University of Johannesburg,

Bunting Road Campus, Auckland Park 2006, P.O Box APB524, Johannesburg, South Africa., 00277

AbstractsDesign of a Smart Electric Cooking Stove

Caiphas Svosvea, Loice Gudukeyaa,b

AbstractThe use of the basic electric stove requires great focus and attention to avoid the burning of food. The stove stays on even when the cook has forgotten to switch it off wasting energy and increasing risk of kitchen fire accidents. This research developed the electric cooking stove through automatic control and response systems. Firstly, a micro controller determines whether there is anything on the heating plate and if there is nothing, it automatically switches off the plate by means of a small-voltage-command relay switch under control of the micro controller. A second function of this design prevents the burning of food during the cooking process that involves boiling. After detecting the burning-temperature the micro controller is also able to detect when the food is about to burn by determining when the water runs out. The stove has an electrical and mechanical system that aids in achieving a fast heat disengagement from the pot, thereby preventing the burning of the food. The research satisfied the 9th Sustainable Development Goal of 2015, thereby contributing towards sustainability.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabweb Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

Design of an industrial elevator: Power Station in ZimbabweJohn T Medaa, Loice Gudukeyaa,b

AbstractOne of the main power stations in Zimbabwe has its generators located 100m underground. Elevators that used to carry people to the underground plant are not functional anymore due to old age and corrosion of the hoist way blade and guide rails. A system with an electromagnet actuator attached to the elevator car and its core shaped in the form of the letter ‘E’ used for coupling the magnetic flux between the coil and the hoist way rail blades was designed. Pairs of coils are wound on the actuator core in a manner that produces both side-to-side and front-to-back forces that are controlled by adjusting the current being supplied to the coils. The electromagnets fixed to the car supply the force of attraction between the actuator and guide rail, which then keep the car suspended; the motor is used to provide a driving force for the up and down movement of the car. The research satisfied the 9th Sustainable Development Goal of 2015, thereby contributing towards sustainability.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabweb Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

Session 5: Sustainable ProductsProduct Design and Innovation


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AbstractsSustainable Machining by Energy- and Resource-Efficient

Application of Metalworking FluidsB. Seidela,b, C. Heinzela,b, D. Meyera,b, P.Geilerta,b, B. Karpuschewskia,b

AbstractDue to increasing demands regarding the sustainability of manufacturing processes, a long service life and an energy-ef-ficient supply of mineral-oil-based metalworking fluids is of increasing relevance. In the context of this work, the influence of aging processes in water miscible metalworking fluids on their performance has been investigated. Furthermore, results are presented regarding the energy-efficiency of metalworking fluid supply, which can be increased by adapting the fluid supply conditions.

a Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germanyb University of Bremen and MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany

Energy and Resource Efficiency Analysis of Manufacturing Chains by Modular Process Models and Simulation

R. Rentsch , B. Karpuschewski

AbstractThe energy and resource efficient manufacture of consumption and investment products is becoming a competitive advantage and companies are increasingly interested in optimal machine design and process operation.On basis of experimental power and resources consumption analyses, models of manufacturing processes have been developed. Using the discrete events approach for single process modelling, NC code-controlled operation and specific parameterization allows for calculating energy and resource consumptions as a function of time. For optimization the resources energy, tool wear, coolant, material removal volume and operation time are considered for single or combined minimization, allowing also for alternative manufacturing strategy analysis.

Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien (IWT), Bremen, Germany

Session 6: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsResource Efficiency



AbstractsApplying and Producing Indexable End Mills: A Comparative Market Study in Context of Resource Efficiency

B. Thorenz a, F. Oßwald a, S. Schötz a, H.-H. Westermann c, F. Döpper a,b

AbstractIn manufacturing processes, aspects like applied tools and milling strategies significantly determine milling operation results and their resource efficiency. Due to the widespread application of Indexable End Mills in high-volume machining processes, considering the impact of these tools on resource efficiency becomes increasingly important.This paper presents novel insights into different aspects of Indexable End Mills (e.g. produced geometries, applied technologies, operation purposes and machined materials), derived from a study with enterprises applying or producing these tools. The results are discussed in order to identify future research needs to improve resource efficiency in manufacturing enterprises. One of the main results is that 84 % of the surveyed manufacturers and 65 % of the surveyed users of Indexable End Mills evaluate the application of vibration-damped tools as a considerable need for improvement.

a University of Bayreuth, Chair Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Technology, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germanyb Fraunhofer IPA Project Group Process Innovation, Universitätsstrasse 9, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

cmensch-maschine-werkzeug.de, Hohenstaufenring 52, 31141 Hildesheim, German

Research on Extended Carbon Emissions Accounting Method and Its Application in Sustainable Manufacturing

Liu Zhao-huia,b, Zhang Wei-mina,c, Xiao Zhong-yuea,b, Sun Jia-bina,c, Li Dongdonga,c

AbstractCarbon-Emission Accounting (CEA) is an important assessment method for sustainable manufacturing, which mainly focuses on raw materials, energy and waste disposal factors but ignores labor and capital factors. However, the generation process of labor and capital inevitably produce Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CDE). Referring the Extended Exergy Accounting method, the calculation model of extended carbon dioxide emissions factors of capital and labor is established based on the standard CDE per capita, total population, annual working hours, intermediate money M2 and total annual wage S, etc. Then the Extended Carbon-Emission Accounting (ECEA) method is proposed based on the current CEA method, accounting labor, capital, raw materials, energy and all other environmental related factors. Comparatively analyzing on grinding and hard-turning process of a lathe spindle part is studied, the result shows ECEA method is more reasonable and suitable for sustainable manufacturing than CEA method.

a School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; b School of Mechanical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China;

c Advanced Manufacturing Technology Center (AMTC), Tongji University, Shanghai 20180d, China;



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AbstractsHousehold’s Satisfaction with Water Supply in Johannesburg

Metropolitan Municipality, South AfricaPathiswa Mahlaselaa, Ayodeji Oke b, Nelson Sizwe Madonsela c

AbstractWhen Cape Town was hit by drought in 2017, Johannesburg dam levels were also been affirmed as low affecting some parts of Johannesburg areas. At the time of famine, other cities including Johannesburg contributed water through various projects to the residents of Cape Town. South Africa being one of the water strained countries is worsened by the growing inequality among the poor and the rich with the former having the feeling that the later are treated better. The study was piloted in Johannesburg within Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (JMM). The population size was sampled from the households within the municipality’s regions namely A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The aim was to assess household’s thoughts in view of service quality offered by the municipality on water supply. Even though the study focused on the efficiency of water supply, the inquiry was limited only to service quality provided to households and not the product quality. Despite the fact that households in this municipality proclaim their satisfaction regarding the quality of supplied water, a majority expressed trepidations about communication breakdown between the municipality and households. People indicated that the municipality does not care about people’s good health and wellbeing. According to results, there are no active engage-ments between the municipality and households. The study discovered that household water consumers have no or little acquaintance about water endeavours. For an example, there was a high ambiguously when people were asked their opinions on the accuracy of billing for consumed water, per household. At the time of this study, only 28% of respondents were convinced that billing is in fact accurate; 30% alleged that it is not accurate and a massive percentage of 41% expressed that they are not sure about the level of accuracy where billing is concerned. Household views on water conservation also substantiate the limited knowledge that people have about water. Generally, people assume that because they are taking a short shower instead of a bath and close a tap while brushing teeth; therefore, they are saving water. The municipality should first increase its transparency to all water users in the city to ensure that the awareness is satisfactorily created.

a Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Univeristy of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa b Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying,Univeristy of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524,

Auckland Park, 2006, South Africac Faculty Engineering and the Built Environment, Univeristy of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa




AbstractsTechnology Comparison for the Production of Fine Rubber

Powder from End of Life TyresHoyer, S.a, Kroll, L.a, Sykutera D.b

AbstractThe present paper addresses grinding technologies for the production of rubber powder from end of life tyres (ELT) in industrial scale. Cryogenic grinding was compared with different ambient grinding processes using the same feedstock (truck or passenger car). Processing capacity, energy requirement, particle size distribution and morphology were determined. In addition, the influence of the underlying grinding process on the particle properties and those of the vulcanizates produced therewith are addressed.

a Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 31/33, 09126 Chemnitz, Germanyb University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland

Making the Environmental Case for Reusable PET BottlesRamsey Hamadea, Robert Hadchitia, Ali Ammourib

AbstractIn order to meet increasingly demanding environmental regulations, redesigning mass-manufactured products for sustainable reuse is of great interest. A good percentage of the estimated world daily production of billion or so single-use Polyethylenterephtalate (PET) bottles does not get recycled. Therefore, the availability of such a bottle to meet multi-use requirements would have dramatically positive effects toward reducing plastic waste. While autoclaving is not recommended for PET, other (gas) sterilization methods are suitable. With different end of life scenarios (reuse, recycling, or re-manufacture), the “Energy End of Life” potential is a measure of the energy that could possibly be recovered at the end of life of a product. Even for a single reuse of a typical 500 ml PET bottle, our findings estimate that one reuse of 500 ml bottle will save about 1 MJ per bottle. As compared with the recycling option, our estimates calculate 74% more energy savings and produce 182% less CO2 for one reuse option. For the estimated world daily production of one billion bottles, assum-ing all bottles are reused only once, the resulting energy savings are estimated at 0.365 * 1018 J (or 0.365 Exa Joules) of energy. Similarly, 0.033 kg of CO2 per bottle or 0.033 kg CO2 * 365 * 109 = 1.1 x 1010 kg CO2 savings can be realized annually. Proportional multiples of these energy and CO2 savings can be realized for multiple reuses of the same PET bottle. For example, five reuses of a 500mL PET bottle would result in energy world-wide annual savings estimate of 1.82 Exa Joules.

a: Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanonb: Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos,Lebanon

Session 7: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesValue from Waste


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Material Disposition and Scheduling in Regeneration Processes using Prognostic Data Mining

Tammo Heuer, Torben Lucht, Peter Nyhuis

AbstractIn the regeneration process of complex capital goods, the definite workload is uncertain until the goods are disassembled and inspected. Due to the uncertainty and long repair lead times, regeneration service providers have difficulties in achiev-ing low regeneration times and meeting delivery dates. Delays in delivery are associated with contractual penalties and keeping a high stock level of spare parts coincides with a high capital tie-up. Therefore, this paper deals with the use of prognostic data mining for long-term material disposition and scheduling to accomplish a high delivery date reliability and low stock levels.

Institute of Production Systems and Logistics, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany

A Location-Routing Problem with Economic Efficiency for Recycling System

Hiroshi Kuroki, Aya Ishigaki,Ryuta Takashima

AbstractThe demand for rare resources used for high-tech products has been increased due to growing populations and industri-al developments. Since it becomes more likely to cause resource depletion in the future, a requirement for resource circula-tion, e.g., recycling, reuse, and reproduction, becomes large. In order to realize sustainable recycling, the systems considering minimizing a transportation cost of a cyclical form supply chain and forecast of the resources to collect needs to be designed. However, if the recycling systems are not economically inefficient, the firm might not implement the project. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the economic efficiency of the supply chain systems. In this paper, we evaluate an economic value of a sustainable recycling system on closed loop supply chain based on a location-routing problem.The recycling system is composed of supply chain by facilities, which remove parts having resources from waste products and the others reproducing resources from the parts. Since the demand of automobile increase due to global innovations and inventions, we consider automobile motors and neodymium as target of parts that have resources. In this analysis, the waste amount of automobile and motor is forecasted by means of multiple regression method and Weibull distribu-tion. By using the forecasting waste amount, a recycling equipment place is determined by minimizing a transportation and recycling equipment costs. We evaluate an economic efficiency for the sustainable recycling system, that is, a present value of recycling equipment and neodymium from solutions of the location-routing problem.

Department of Industrial Administration, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan


Symbiotic Loss-Free Manufacturing in Ultra-Efficient Urban Industrial Parks

Ivan Bogdanova, Michael Hertwigb, Marc Beckettc, Lara Waltersmanna

AbstractThe global trends of demographic growth, urbanization and volatile markets require a paradigm shift of decoupling growth from resource consumption, especially for the manufacturing industry. The extended visionary solution approach of the ultra-efficient factory in urban surroundings is based on a method to define, identify and assess symbiotic effects within industrial parks, as well as with their surrounding urban environment, in order to achieve ultra-efficiency, in all five action fields. The present paper thereby describes the development of a holistic concept for ultra-efficient urban industrial sites, illustrated with a best practice example from Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

a Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany b Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

c Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart,


AbstractsHand in Hand to


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Algorithm for High-Throughput Scheduling of Paced SequencesAlexander Bader, Niklas Kipry, Frederik Lögers and Kirsten Tracht

AbstractSustainable production systems are characterized by systematic order control and scheduling to increase performance. Efficient scheduling considers all restrictions that occur during order processing, to achieve high utilization. This includes safety margins for ad hoc changes and in particular the scheduling of temporarily paced sequences. After processing these orders, the organizational process is carried out with a highly flexible material flow similar to job shop production. This paper describes an algorithm for the efficient planning of temporarily paced sequences during scheduling of a high-throughput system, in order to achieve an optimal utilization in the planning phase.

a University of Bremen, Bremen Institue for Mechanical Engineering (bime), Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany

A Multi-Period Mixed Integer Programming Model on Reconfigurable Manufacturing Cells

Takayuki Kataoka

AbstractIn general, the popular cell systems have two streams. One is the divided cell in Cellular Manufacturing (CM) and the other is the rotating cell in Cell Production Systems (CPS). Almost all manufacturing sites have these assembly lines separately. On the other hand, some advanced manufacturing sites have adopted both CM and CPS in order to absorb variability of demand and operators under the environment of limited multi-skilled operators. When the operators are replaced by robots in the real world, they are called robotic cells and focused as an important component of the cyber-physi-cal system in the large number of recent papers. Therefore, this paper tackles to indicate a multi-period mixed integer program-ming model to solve simultaneously 2-type cell systems on reconfigurable manufacturing cells sustainably. Firstly, the tradition-al model is redefined by new parameters. Secondly, the proposed model is solved by 2-phase optimization problems. Finally, the proposed model is compared with the traditional model by using numerical experiments.

Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, 1, Takaya-Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-2116, Japan

Session8: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsPlanning, Scheduling and Control



Serious Game on Factory Planning for Higher EducationMustafa Severengiz, Günther Seliger, Jörg Krüger

AbstractResearch has shown that student-centered classes are a promising approach to enhance learning. Even though this is well known, classes are often still designed in the format of traditional lectures. However, for higher cognitive levels these lectures do not promote the desired learning goals. One approach to go for higher cognitive levels is the implemen-tation of serious games. In this paper Factory Planner, a serious game on the VDI 5200 regarding factory planning, is shown. The serious game is based on a board game and supported by an app. The game was evaluated at a bachelor’s class on factory management. The study shows the positive effect of this serious game on learning.

affiliation: Technische Universtität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin

A Dynamic Programming Model for Reconfigurable Vibrating Screen Machine Operations Planning in a Fluctuating Market Environment

Olasumbo Makinde, Boitumelo Ramatsetse, Thomas Munyai

AbstractFluctuation in mineral concentrates demand has resulted into the design of a Reconfigurable Vibrating Screen (RVS) machine. However, the question; “which configuration(s) should this machine be configured to, at different periods in order to minimize the total operating cost of utilizing this machine in meeting the fluctuating customer demands?” still need to be answered by the designer of the machine. In light of this, this paper proposes a dynamic programming model that will ensure cost-effective configuration and utilization of the RVS machine in meeting fluctuating customers demand. The dynamic programming model was tested using the mineral concentrates demand of mining company XYZ. The results of the dynamic computation for this case study revealed that RVS machine must be operated using a configuration sequence of 4700mm × 2500mm, 3500mm × 2000mm and 4700mm × 2500mm, for a period of first two (2) months, second two (2) months and the last month respectively, in order to meet the customer’s five-month period demand in mining company XYZ, at a minimum total machine operations cost of R681966.21. The machine operations planning solution offered in this study serve as a knowledge advisor for RVS machine users towards ensuring just-in-time and exact screening of varying mineral concentrates demanded by the customers in a cost-effective manner using a reasonable power consumption.

Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria, 0001

Session8: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsPlanning, Scheduling and Control



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Green Reformation of Chinese Traditional Manufacturing Industry: Approach and Potential for Cooperation

Frida Lia, Tao Zhanga, Qian Shab, Xin Peib, Yizhi Songb, Chao Lib

AbstractRegarding China's traditional manufacturing industry there is a large gap compared with developed countries in terms of green manufacturing development. As environmental problems become more serious, resources and environmental constraints prevent its further development. China has now incorporated green manufacturing into an urgent future development strategy, and the green manufacturing system has been gradually integrated into its industrial development strategy. This paper analyses the gap between China's traditional manufacturing and the rest of the world’s industry-leading level. It discusses the structure of China green manufacturing development and operation model in progress. It further expounds the complementarity between China and Germany in green manufacturing while emphasizing the Sino-German cooperation methods and approaches.

a German-Sino Green Manufacturing Association, Spandauer Damm 84, 14059 Berlin, Germanyb CEPREI Industrial Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Building 9, No.30, Shixing Street,

Shijingshan District, 100041 Beijing, China

Students’ Perceptions of the Implementation of Sustainable Campus Development Based on Landscape Concepts at Andalas University

Nilda Tri Putri, Elita Amrina, and Sri Nurnaeni

AbstractThis research aims to identify students’ perception on the application and level interest of sustainable campus based on the landscape concept at Andalas University. The paper also offers proposed improvements for sustainable campus develop-ment based on landscape concepts for Andalas University (UNAND). One aspect to be considered in a sustainable campus is landscape consideration. Landscape concept considerations have not been applied optimally in the campus environment of Andalas University. The study was conducted by using questionnaires that contain questions about the applicability and level interest of sustainable campus based on the concept of landscape. Application of landscape concepts in sustainable campus development at Andalas University according to students’ perceptions based on fairly good scale to very good scale with an average rating of 60.49%, while the result of average rating for very poor scales to sufficient scale is 39.51 %

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Session 9: Crosscutting Topics in Sustainable ManufacturingSustainability at Regional Level





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Territorial Differentiation as the Factor of Sustainable Economic Development

Vladimir V. Glinskiy, Lyudmila K. Serga, Mikhail A. Alekseev

AbstractThe article deals with the issues of assessing the impact of territorial development differentiation on the sustainable growth of the country's economy. The ambiguous effect of this factor is proved in paper. The formation of the state territorial development policy depends on the direction of the influence of the differentiation factor (negative or, on the contrary, stimulating). The authors estimated the dependence of the growth of the country's economy on the territorial differentiation by calculating the integral indicator of the differentiation of the socio-economic development of municipalities by constituent entities of the Russian Federation and assessing the concentration of GRP throughout the country. The typology of the regions of the Russian Federation by the level of differentiation of the regional socio-econom-ic development allowed to determine its threshold, after which differentiation stimulating influence arises.

Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Kamenskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630099, Russian Federation

Towards a Sustainability Model for Olive Sector in PalestineAhmed Abu Hanieh, Mohammad Karaeen, Afif Hasan

AbstractThis paper aims to present a sustainability model for the olive sector in Palestine. Based on a Life Cycle Analysis, the entire sector processes are accomplished in three main stages: cultivation, oil extraction, and oil treatment. The main inputs for these three stages are energy, water, labor, and machines with different values for each stage. The value creation index can be defined as the ratio of revenues to costs. Value creation index is calculated for each stage of the olive sector and the results showed that the total value creation for the sector is greater than two indicating olive sector feasibility.

Birzeit University, Al Marj street 1, Birzeit, P.O.Box 14, Palestine




Economic-Based Sustainability Assessment of Aluminum Roofing Sheet Manufacturing/Life Cycle and Plant Sizing in Nigeria

Paul Amaechi Ozorab, Charles Mbohwaa

AbstractAn economic-based sustainable cost-benefit evaluation of Aluminum roofing sheet (ARS) manufacturing in Nigeria is presented. The aim is to evaluate costs and profits associated with various plant sizes within sustainability concerns, in order to promote economic growth. The metrics for economic viability analysis, namely; total capital investment, specific capital cost, payback period, return on investment etc. were explored to deduce a cost effective starter plant, amidst five plant sizes evaluated. Data was obtained from a typical ARS manufacturing plant in Nigeria designated as X-plant for privacy. The product life cycle gave insight into the social and environmental impacts of ARS manufacturing and use. The result show that an ARS plant can start with an initial size of 4.5Kton capacity per Annum. This size can offer over 3% return at a present value greater than $4.97/Kg/year. The results also indicate that plant size can considerably affect the used economic criteria.

a Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2094, Johannesburg,, South Africa bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, 140001, Enugu State, Nigeria

An Investigation into Industrial Manufacturing and Sustainable Production Implementation in sub-Saharan Africa

Onu Peter, and Charles Mbohwa

AbstractThe euphoria about the fourth industrial revolution and sustainable production, concerning the endorsement of new technolog-ical innovations, operational practices, standards, models and policies to effectively achieve increased productivity is mostly noticed in the industrial manufacturing sector and calls for more insight. An empirical survey based upon the growing interests of how sustainability initiative may impact corporate effectiveness from an engineering perspective conducted within nine companies in three sub-Saharan African states finds relevance in this study. The results show crucial areas in industrial operations where the adoption of sustainability practices is required, with access to standardization guidance for manufacturing enterprises to drive quality, risk, and environmental management concerns, among others. The findings present an outlook of what should be the focus of industrial sustainability practitioners, educational and governmental institutions with regards to sustainable production proactive measures in the manufacturing industries for developing countries.

a Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg,P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa.




38

Challenges of Coatings in Aerospace, Automobile and Marine Industries

O.S.I. Fayomia, c, I.G. Akandeb, A.O. Emmanuela

AbstractCoatings are multifaceted having raw materials combined and utilized to a prepared substrate by allowing it to be dried and cured to obtain effectiveness. Majority of coating challenges occurs in coating manufacturing and its application in different environment not shielded away from the impact of rain, sunlight, wind, heat, cold, humidity, and oxygen. Few coatings, including those applied in marine, aerospace, automobile and medical cannot resist some difficulties arising from corrosion. This paper focuses on identifying the challenges in marine, aerospace and automobile. In marine, the antifouling coating at the watertight body of the ship destroy organisms before they get close to it. Tributyltin (TBT), which is released to the ocean or the sea happens to be the most effective compound used for antifouling coating but its pose serious problems to marine organism due to its toxic substance .In automobile, application of chromium coating is the main source of exposure for workers leading to sneezing, headache, skin irritation, ulcers and respiratory disorder because of its ions that comes in contact with the environment in form of chromate and dichromate anions from the sewage while in aerospace ,movements of a aircraft structural joint would deform, elongate the coating system making the structural component of the aircraft coating system a major challenge in determining aircraft joint displacement. The essence of identifying coatings challenges is to find measure of ensuring substrate are improve in terms of appearance, bonding, moisture ability, resistance to wear etc. Hard chromium coated constituents can now find application in agricultural equipment’s, aircraft industry, automobile, marine and other industries.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeriab Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Oyo state,Nigeria

c Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa


Design Problem of Economic Carbon Recovery and Reduction by Integrated Supplier and Disassembly Part Selections

Hayate Irie, Yuki Kinoshita, Tetsuo Yamada

AbstractIn global supply chain, the CO2 emissions on the material manufacturing stage cannot be avoided. However, the recycling of used materials within the assembled products in the end-of-life (EOL) stage can recover the CO2 emission by replacing with virgin materials for new products. Irie et al. (2018) [1] evaluated the total CO2 emission and cost investigations two types of economic and environmental selections for suppliers on the procurement stage and disassembly parts on the EOL one. However, two types of the selections are determined separately. This study proposes an integrated model of the supplier and disassembly part selections for carbon recovery and reduction.

The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan

Development of a Decision Support System of the Cooperative Supply Chain in Consideration of Satisfaction of Multi-objective Multi-player

Aya Ishigaki

AbstractIn order to maintain a supply chain, when the action which thought "profits" as important is chosen, the social norm which carried out "it is consideration about environment" cannot be attained. That is, the system of giving incentives, such as a carbon tax, to a selfish market mechanism is introduced, and an environmental target is attained. However, since the conditions of complete information and perfect competition are not satisfied in an actual supply chain, efficient realiza-tion cannot be expected only by introducing systems, such as a carbon tax. In this study, its attention is paid to the relation-ship of the degree of selection according to the profits of the system and policy to environmental impact reduction, and a player in the cyclical form supply chain which consists of a maker, a shipping storage, a store, and a recycling factory. Moreover, this study aims at reconciling two actions: the social norm action "environmental impact reduction", and the market prescriptive behaviour "maximization of profits", with which each player collides, and attaining "reservation of economic efficiency", and an "environmental target" in cooperation. There, two effects on a re-product are included in a cyclical form supply chain model: the cannibalization effect of the customer demand by a new product and a re-product appearing on the market in a market simultaneously by resource circulation and the product value and the orientation toward price raises of a customer in and outside the country. Moreover, when both information and competition are imperfect, a method for many players to perform satisfactory maximization for the many objects for economic efficiency and environment by calculating "adjustment of opinion" solution is developed. An incentive is given to decision-making of each player by evaluating the system to "environmental impact reduction", and the effect of a policy using this, and "reservation of economic efficiency" and an "environmental target" are made to attain.

Department of Industrial Administration, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan

Session 10: Sustainable Manufacturing Systems� � � � ��





40

Efficiently Managing Supply Chain Volatility – a Management Framework for the Manufacturing Industry

Benjamin Nitsche, Frank Straube

AbstractThe efficient management of production volatility directly affects the sustainability of a company. Nevertheless, to leverage the full potential of volatility, management approaches need to consider the whole supply chain rather than focusing on optimizing the own production schedule. Consequently, managing supply chain volatility is one of the core challenges of modern production networks. However, managing supply chain volatility is a difficult task, considering the fact that it can originate from a multitude of sources and managing all of them with different approaches would require too many resourc-es. This study aims to propose a supply chain volatility management framework for manufacturing industry that outlines the core management clusters and antecedents of efficient supply chain volatility management. It builds upon two Nominal Group Technique workshops among 40 supply chain managers in total and a Q-methodology workshop with three researchers.

Berlin University of Technology, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany

The Murky Waters of Outsourcing: Critical Risks Factors of Outsourcing Pharmaceutical Outbound Value Chains.

Solomon Aigbavboa, Charles Mbohwa

AbstractDespite the benefits in outsourcing, there are potential risks associated with it. In this study, the critical risk factors associated with the outsourcing of outbound value chains were investigated in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. A sequential exploratory mixed method approach, with Delphi study preceding a quantitative survey was adopted. Data analysis of the Delphi panelists’ responses shows some critical risks associated with the outsourcing of pharmaceutical outbound value chains in Nigeria. Exploratory factor analysis of the data extracted two main factors out of the risks named “organizational inadequacies” and “goals’ under-realization”. Valuable contributions from the Delphi panel of experts and this entire study to knowledge, research methodology and policies have been made from the results of this study. The findings will be useful for policy and decision makers in both public and private sectors of the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria and other resource-poor countries.

Department of Quality & Operations Management, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

Session 10: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsSupply Chain 1

The Headache of Medicines’ Supply in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study on the Most Critical Challenges of Pharmaceutical Outbound Value Chains.


AbstractThe outbound segment of any product’s value chain is very critical in its delivery to the final consumer/customer. In this study, the pharmaceutical supply chains management in Nigeria with emphasis on the challenges of the outbound value chains was investigated. A quantitative survey of all the seven categories of both the private and public sectors of the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry was conducted. Data analysis shows six most critical challenges facing the delivery of medicines in Nigeria. Exploratory factor analysis of the data extracted two main factors out of challenges named “people & competency issues” and “infrastructural & regulatory inadequacies”. Valuable contributions from this study to knowledge, research methodology and policies have been made from the results of this study. The findings will be useful for policy and decision makers in both public and private sectors of the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria and other resource-poor countries.


Reaching the patients with difficulty: a Delphi study on pharmaceutical outbound supply chains in Nigeria.


Abstract





In this study, the difficulties confronting the outbound pharmaceutical supply chains and effective future pharmaceutical distribution in Nigeria were investigated. A Delphi study with experienced expert panelists drawn from the private sector of the pharmaceutical industry was adopted. The findings show the most prominent difficulties facing the delivery of medicines in Nigeria to include power, road infrastructure and dearth of organized third party logistics service (3PL) providers. Furthermore, the Delphi expert panelists hinged the effectiveness of future distribution system on: effective IT-driven, integrated pharmaceutical distribution system; controlled access to affordable and quality medicines; improved corporate governance/-regulatory structure, amongst others. The findings will be useful for policy and decision makers in the private sector of the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria and other resource-poor countries.

Sustainable Operations Management Through Development Of Unit Cost Performance MeasurementAnders Johanssona,b, Linn Gustavssonb, Lars Pejrydc

AbstractKey performance indicators (KPI) are used to monitor process performance, and to motivate and give clarity of priorities for employees. Although important, KPI:s may have drawbacks in the way that they represent the real performance. The purpose of this study is to develop the unit cost KPI. The new KPI discount for the volume influence on the KPI. Secondly, control charts tool found in statistical process control (SPC) theory is used to give indication to if the cost variation is within statistical control. The proposed method is validated on real data from 16 different cases in a major manufacturing enterprise.

a Global Industrial Development, Scania CV AB, SE-151 87 Södertälje, SWEDEN

b Department of Engineering Science, University West, SE-461 86 Trollhättan, SWEDEN c School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, SWEDEN

Exploring Sustainability Implications for Manufacturing Strategy Decision Areas-A New Model with a Case Study

Ganesh Prasad Shukla , Gajendra Kumar Adil

AbstractThere is a growing need for the firms to factor the sustainability concerns in developing their manufacturing strategy (MS). MS content comprises of competitive priorities and decision areas (DAs) of manufacturing and MS process generally revolves around two approaches to strategic reconciliation: an inside-out approach (resource based) and the outside-in approach (stakeholder requirements). There is only a handful of models in MS incorporating sustainability concerns. Few models that consider sustainability do not factor the resource-based view. This paper proposes a new model to include both resources-based view and stakeholder requirements of strategic reconciliation in MS while incorporating sustainability. A case study is conducted to validate the relationships depicted in the proposed MS model and also to derive insights on sustainability implications of MS DAs.

Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai,400076, India

Session 11: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsStrategy and business Models



42

Demand Planning Strategies for the Control of Energy FlexibleComponents of Machine Tools

Valerie M. Scharmer, Sebastian Bröskamp , Julia Schulz , Michael F. Zaeh

� � � � � � � �The volatility of the energy market is increasing due to the renewable energies for electricity generation. As a result, the adaptation of electricity consumption to electricity generation is gaining importance. Companies can make a significant contribution by controlling their production and thus their energy consumption. Machine tools have various components such as pumps and accumulators for cooling lubricant supply which are suitable to increase the energy flexibility of the machine. In order to be able to evaluate the energy flexibility potential of individual components, strategies from production planning and control (PPC) such as demand planning were examined. Selected strategies were adapted to control the components. With a simulation of the energy consumption of a machine tool, the PPC strategies were compared by determining the energy flexible part of the components’ energy consumption.

Technical University of Munich, Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany

An Approach to Estimate the Back Order Penalty Cost of a Manufacturing Company

Olasumbo Makinde, Thomas Munyai

AbstractThe classical inventory models solely rely on accurate estimate of the back order cost, with a view to establish economic order quantity (EOQ) that must be placed by a customer. Recognizing and quantifying the adverse effects of loss of customer goodwill owing to the inability of a raw material or product supplier organisation to meet customer demands should not only focus on direct penalty cost computation, but should also incorporate change in customers’ future demand owing to this backordering phenomenon. A lot of classical and mathematical approaches focused on the computation of the back order penalty cost coefficient; which gives an organisation a clue of the customer disappointment index, and not the estimated back order cost required for EOQ computation. In light of this, this paper proposes an approach that could be utilized to accurately compute the back-order penalty cost of an organisation. The approach considers: (i) the number of times backordering phenomenon have occurred in an organisation, (ii) the decision a customer takes when backordering occur once or couple of times during the ordering phases of an organisation and (iii) myriads of penalties that a customer bestow on a raw materi-al or product supplier organisation for backordering its order, to establish the backorder cost of this organisation. The approach proposed in this study serve as a useful information to suppliers in ascertaining the raw material backorder cost based on their customer responses to backordering, with a view to ensure sustainable raw material supply.

Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria, 0001




Integration of the Management Information System for Competitive Positioning

Nelson Sizwe Madonsela

AbstractThe accelerating pace of technical innovation, coupled with a turbulent socio-political global environment, has created opportunities and challenges for companies in terms of competitiveness and sustainability particularly the manufacturing sector. Manufacturers in the developing world struggle to create knowledge and practice-based management information systems that will allow them to operate competitively in the global market. This paper explores the integration of organizational information systems for competitive positioning, using a case study of a manufacturing company operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings suggest the need for an integrated management information system that incorporates management practices based on research, knowledge management, and organizational learning and capabilities.

University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa

Open Innovation Practices and Its Effects on Sustainability Innovation Performance under Absorptive Capacity: Evidence from Most Innovative

Factories in USASelma Regina Martins Oliveira

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to a policy of innovation management. To do so, it presents the effects of practices of open innovation on sustainability innovation performance under absorptive capacity in most innovative factories in USA. The research was conducted in the light of theoretical excerpts and application of a survey to specialists, with knowledge about the investigated object, selected by scientific and technical criteria. The data were extracted by means of a matrix of judgement in which experts made their judgments about the variables investigated. In order to reduce subjectivity in the results achieved, the following method were used: Multicriteri-al Analysis - Compromise Programming, Eletrece III, and Promethee II. The produced results were satisfactory, validating the presented proposal.

Fluminense Federal University, Street. Des. Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783 - Aterrado, Volta Redonda - RJ, 27213-145, Brazil




44

Product Innovation Radicality and Extensity of Flexibility in Sustainable Manufacturing System: How Flexibility Affects the Performance

of Most Innovative Factories in the USASelma Regina Martins Oliveira

AbstractThis study aims to verify the relationship between product innovation radicality and extensivity of flexibility in sustainable manufacturing systems. In addition, this research examines how the flexibility affects the performance of most innovative factories in different sectors, in the USA, in the period from 2011 to 2017. A conceptual framework is drawn up based on the literature and confirmed with 115 specialists. To reduce subjectivity in the results achieved the following methods are used: psychometric scaling method, multi-criteria analysis: Compromise Programming, Electre III and Promethee II, and neurofuzzy technology. Finding of the study revealed that radicality in product innovation and extensivity of flexibili-ty have a strong relationship. The study also found the high effect on the business performance.

Fluminense Federal University, Street. Des. Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783 - Aterrado, Volta Redonda - RJ, 27213-145, Brazil




A Comprehensive and Interdisciplinary Perspective on Sustainable Manufacturing Towards Sustainable Life Cycles

Marion Früchtla, Miriam Leisa, Rafael Wertheimb

AbstractFor achieving sustainable manufacturing, it may not be enough to only focus on manufacturing processes, systems and products as separate entities for optimization, but it may require analysing and engineering their broader and possibly unobvious interconnections. Whereas new technologies can play a significant role in resource efficiency, sustainability improvement and life cycle engineering, other factors like consumer behaviour, global cost structures and even geopolitical issues play an important role for achieving sustainable manufacturing and sustainable life cycle development. This requires interdisciplinary research and analysis approaches. Concepts like Socio-Technical Systems (STS), Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and systems engineering can help uncover the multiple impacting factors to be consid-ered in comprehensive sustainability analysis and engineering.

a Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Munich 80686, Germanyb Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany / Braude, Karmiel, Israel

Exploring Product Lifecycle Using Markov ChainFeri Afrinaldi

AbstractThis paper applies the Markov chain to model a product’s lifecycle. Given the initial condition, the model is used to predict important information about the behavior of the product throughout its lifecycle. The predictions include the number of visits made by the product to a lifecycle stage, expected quantity of products that visit a lifecycle stage, product's mean duration of stay in a lifecycle stage, probability and the expected quantity of products being discarded, and the average total environmental impact caused by the products. The model is validated by applying it to analyze the lifecycle of plastic produced in 2015.

Department of Industrial Engineering, Andalas University, Indonesia

Session 12: Sustainable ProductsLife Cycle and Decision Making



46

Risk-informed Simulation for Sustainable Product DesignDecision Making

Christian Enyoghasia,b, Fazleena Badurdeena,b

AbstractThis paper presents a risk-informed Monte-Carlo simulation approach for effective decision making by considering optimal product configuration design and the risk models for the product design. The proposed approach is demonstrated through an industrial case study by assessing the influence of inaccuracy in demand forecast identified as a high likelihood risk event on the total lifecycle profit for different optimal designs of a toner cartridge. The result provides valuable information to product designers and decision makers on the sensitivity of total lifecycle cost benefits feasible from different optimal designs in the event of a perceived high risk.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States b Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States

Conceptual Design Scheme Automatic Generation and Decision-Making Considering Green DemandYan Fua,b, Liming Wanga,b,Long Lia,b

AbstractConceptual design is a key stage of product design. In order to make the design scheme have better greenness, this paper studies the automatic generation and decision-making technology of green demand-driven design. This paper mainly starts from the green demand of the conceptual design stage of electromechanical products, considers the introduction of green attributes into the product design information model, and builds an effective design space for electromechanical products. This paper proposes an effective method for the low efficiency of current design schemes. The search strategy finally uses the genetic algorithm to complete the automatic generation of the design scheme. Considering the ambiguity and uncertainty of the design information, the LCA evaluation model based on the green feature is established, and the life cycle evaluation of the electromechanical products is completed. The effectiveness of the method is verified by an example of a car lift.

a Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Schoolof Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;

b National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), Jinan 250061, China




AbstractsLife Cycle Analysis of AA Alkaline Batteries

Ramsey Hamadea, Raghid Al Ayachea, Makram Bou Ghanema, Sleiman El Masria, Ali Ammourib

AbstractFrom energy and CO2 footprint perspectives, this study focuses on the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of AA alkaline batteries considering options other than landfill namely downcycling or, more ambitiously, recycling/remanufacturing. With the exception of lead-acid batteries that are recycled intensively in an energy-efficient manner, many types of batteries are not recycled and are disposed of via traditional disposal routes. Currently, there is lack of economical incentive given that available processes used in recycling batteries to reclaim metals require 6-10 times more energy than extracting/refining those metals from ores. Some processes (e.g., pyrometallurgical) require large capital investment and use large amounts of energy. For AA batteries, current recycling techniques involve 1) burning off the plastic wrapper, 2) batteries are shredded, and 3) melted where metals segregate into layers according to their respective densities, and 4) each molten metal layer is then collected. This study addresses the feasibility of recycling alkaline batteries, as they are the most common dry batteries as well as being more benign as compared with other types such as lithium-ion or Ni-cadmium. From energy and CO2 footprint perspectives, this study makes a case for downcycling or even recycling/remanufacturing (depending on the material of the separated components) for the zinc metal, manganese oxide concentrates, and other components for recycling/reuse in an efficient/en-vironmentally-friendly manner. Life cycle analysis (LCA) findings suggest that, if technology is developed so that the cathode and anode materials are recycled/reused, there will be significant recovered energy and CO2 values. For a world annual production estimate of 4 billion AA alkaline batteries, the EOL potential findings estimate energy savings and CO2 footprint reduction of about 6.2*1015 J and 3.75*108 CO2 kg, respectively.

a: Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanonb: Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon



48

Development and Utilization of a Framework for Data-Driven Life Cycle Management of Battery Cells

� � � � � � ��

AbstractAdvanced battery cells and modules are increasingly used in a variety of applications. Tracking the state of a cell along the product life cycle and in the consecutive life cycles poses a big challenge to the current battery manufacturing industry and OEMs. This is due to diverse types of influencing factors coming from raw materials, manufacturing, usage, product integration and end of life. The goal of this paper is to develop a framework that provides the capacity to survey and assess relevant data at different stages of a battery life cycle. Here we show a data driven framework for data acquisition of relevant product life cycle information. The acquired data is then handled within a data architecture for application of effective data analytics concepts. In our results, we demonstrate how the framework can be implemented for end of life of battery management. The framework focuses on making the information from each life cycle stage available to decision makers for application of possible data analytics concepts. Such organized processing of battery life cycle data can assist in the development of new business models and improvement of existing battery technologies and services.

aFraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Nobenstr. 12, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanybInstitute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP, Nobelstr. 12, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany

cInstitute for Photovoltaics (ipv), Electrical Energy Storage Systems, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany


The Conceptual Framework of IoT Based Decision Support System for Life Cycle Management

S. Kamalakkannan, A.K. Kulatunga, L.A.D.A.D. Bandara

AbstractSince the impact of manufacturing industries towards the global environmental issues such as climate change is significant, it is required to adhere to stringent environmental performance measures to survive from different pressure groups in the global markets. To improve the environmental performances of the manufacturing sector, it is essential to consider the entire life cycle of products to identify environmental hotspots mitigated through Life Cycle Management (LCM) by subsequent product designs as eco-design. It is required to have adequate and timely information about the entire product life cycle of the product and processes it manufacture and typically it is a time-consuming and costly operation. This issue can be eased some extent through the Internet of Things (IoT) which is tracking data real time. To manage a product life cycle, it is required to evaluate many alternatives scenarios which is impossible to carry out manually. Therefore, this study develops an IoT base Decision Support tool for LCM.

Department of Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka




50

Abstracts Milling of Ti6Al4V with Carbon Dioxide as Carrier Medium for Minimum Quantity Lubrication with Different Oils

Daniel Gross, Markus Blauhöfer, Nico Hanenkamp

AbstractMachining of difficult-to-cut materials such as nickel-based or titanium alloys lead to high static, dynamic and thermal tool loads. A crucial role is given to the used cooling lubricant. Here, the cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide has been investigated in recent years as a possible alternative to conventional flood cooling.The following article deals with the further development of CO2-based cryogenic cooling combined with a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) injected directly into the liquid CO2 phase. The focus of the investigation is the experimental selection of MQL oils for this application. For this purpose, the potential of various base oils and additivated lubricants for the CO2 assisted milling of Ti6Al4V has been investigated. The suitability assessment of the lubricants has been based on the optical measurement of wear progress along the cutting edge, recording the effective cutting forces and surface roughness. Furthermore, a mathematical compensation method is presented for the compensation of the measured value drift caused by low temperatures. The results show that the potential of cryogenic MQL is largely determined by the base oil being used. It has also been demonstrated that the use of bio-based ester oils for the present process is an alternative to mineral oil-based lubricants.

Institute of Resource and Energy Efficient Production Systems (REP), Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81 | Technikum 1, 90762 Fürth, Germany

Session 13: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesMachine Tools 2



AbstractsTrochoid Milling with Industrial Robots

E. Uhlmann, S. Reinkober, M. Hoffmann, P. Käpernick

AbstractThe highly dynamic production puts the versatility of production systems in the center of industrial interests. Due to their flexibility and low energy consumption industrial robots are a big part of this development. They have been used as handling systems for decades and are already state of the art in this regard. This is not the case for other surrounding tasks such as milling. These systems have in comparison to conventional machine tools a relatively low stiffness c, which allows only low cutting forces Fc and therefore low feed rates fz and speeds vc. This leads to higher processing times and therefore to a higher energy consumption. A highly dynamic milling strategy, which results in significantly lower cutting forces Fc than in conventional milling and which at the same time has high cutting rates is trochoid milling. This paper shows the basic usability of this milling strategy on standard industrial robots. Furthermore, the challenges of the near future will be shown.

Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology, Pascalstraße 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany

Sustainable Machining: Assessment of Environmental Performance of Milling

Manoj Kurukulasuriya, Janaka Gamage, Janaka Mangala

AbstractManufacturing industry largely contributes towards the economy of a country. However, it leaves a significant environ-mental footprint mainly caused by process energy. With the emphasis on sustainable means of manufacturing, this study focuses on the sustainability of milling. An industrial milling operation is monitored to collect the energy consump-tion data using an energy data logger. SimaPro® LCA software is used with ISO 14044 guidelines to quantify the environmental impact associated with the milling unit processes. The results show that different parameter combinations significantly affect the total environmental impact. It concludes by suggesting favourable parameter combinations leading to better environmental performance.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Moratuwa, 10400 Sri Lanka,



52

AbstractsResource Consumption and Process Performance in Minimum

Quantity Lubricated Milling of Tool SteelChris M Taylora, Tom Simpsonb, Pete Crawfortha

AbstractThe use of cutting fluids has driven performance improvements in metal machining. However these fluids have drawbacks including resources consumed and possible negative environmental consequences. Thus the study of coolant delivery rates is important. This work investigated the use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in solid carbide milling of tool steel. A tool life improvement of 60 percent was demonstrated in comparison to dry cutting. Based on measurements and calculations made, MQL consumed cutting fluid at a rate less than 5 percent of that of a typical flooding coolant system, and was a low-consumption option in terms of electrical power.

a University of Sheffield, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre with Boeing, Catcliffe, S60 5TZ, UKb Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH8093 Zürich, Switzerland

Finite Element Modeling of High-speed Milling 7050-T7451 AlloysXianghui Huanga, Jinyang Xua, Ming Chena*, Fei Renb

AbstractIn this paper, high-speed milling aluminium alloy 7050-T7451 was studied using finite element simulation. First, based on two-dimensional orthogonal cutting model, the influence of the cutting speed on the cutting force was studied in the process of machining. The results shown that with the increase of cutting speed, the cutting force originally increased and then decreased. When the feed per tooth increased, the inflection point of cutting speed would increase. Besides, when the cutting speed was larger than 4000m/min, the cutting temperature decreased. By three-factor and three-level simulation schemes, the influence of tool rake angle, relief angle and feed per tooth on cutting force were analyzed. According to three-dimensional cutting model, the effect of cutting-edge inclination angle on cutting force was researched. Last, the cutting forces of simulation were compared against the experimental results. The maximum cutting force error was 10.4%. According to the law of simulation, the number of experiments is reduced in the process of optimizing the cutting parameters.

a State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China

b Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200245, PR China




AbstractsInvestigation of the Influence of Surface Waviness of Aluminium on

the Burnishing Quality of a Combined ProcessMarco Posdzicha, Rico Stöckmanna, Phillipp Klimanta, Matthias Putza,b

AbstractBurnishing is an effective chipless finishing process for improving workpiece properties such as: hardness, vibration resistance and surface quality. Recently, the process has been increasingly applied to prismatic workpieces and free-form geometries. Before burnishing can be carried out, a milling process created the shape of the workpiece, especially for free-form surfaces. The application of different milling tools does not only produce different roughnesses, it also creates waviness which can influence the burnishing process. This publication focuses on the relationship between roughness and waviness of the milling process on the following burnishing of ductile workpiece materials. The presented work also considers the different machining directions and tool movements of this process combination. Within the evaluation the interdependence between milling and burnishing parameters are examined and the remaining frequency components of the two processes on the generated surface are compared.

a Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes (IWP), Reichenhainer Str. 70. 09126 Chemnitz, Germany

b Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU), Reichenhainer Str. 88. 09126 Chemnitz, Germany

Analysis of the Effect of Sustainable Lubricants in the Turning of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Dau Majaka, Ezutah Udoncy Olugub , Sunday Albert Lawalc

AbstractThe rising environmental concerns and threats of contamination and pollution have led to the quest for sustainable cutting fluids. In order to maximize the use and efficiency of cutting fluids, the knowledge about them is necessary. In this study, the suitability of various natural vegetable oils as sustainable lubricants in machining was investigated using the turning of AISI 304 stainless steel on Colechester Master 3250 lathe. Three different natural vegetable oils were used such as palm oil, sunflower oil and coconut oil. The oils were applied as virgin oil using the minimum quantity lubrication method (MQL). The Taguchi method of design of experiments was applied in the study. Cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were used as input parameters and chip compression ratio and surface finish were used as responses to evaluate the suitability of these oils in machining of AISI 304 stainless steel. The result showed that sunflower oil has a better performance as cutting fluid.

a,b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.c Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal

University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria



54

AbstractsTowards Deep Learning in Industrial Applications Taking Advantage

of Service-Oriented ArchitecturesClemens Briesea, Marian Schlütera, Jan Lehra, Katarina Maurerc, Jörg Krügera,b

AbstractIn reverse logistics, identification of products is necessary but due to uninterpretable markers information flow is not always consistent. Recent image-based recognition developments using Convolutional Neural Networks are promising but collecting required labeled data is time- and cost-intensive. To allow a quick deployment and usage of such systems, we present a conceptual service-oriented architecture that enables Deep Learning recognition systems to be used with initially small but growing data sets, as with every usage training data expands on run-time. An identification problem is reduced to digitization and labeling of data and as a side effect digital knowledge retention can be established in companies.

a Fraunhofer IPK, Pascalstraße 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germanyb TU Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany

cMFB MusterFabrik Berlin GmbH, Brunnenstraße 156, 10115 Berlin, Germany

Multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network-based Fault Diagnosisfor Variable Frequency Drives in Sustainable Manufacturing Systems

John Grezmak, Jianjing Zhang, Peng Wang, Robert X. Gao

AbstractFault detection and diagnosis of induction motors in variable frequency drive (VFD) applications is essential for minimizing unexpected downtime, material waste and equipment damage, ultimately contributing to sustainable manufacturing. This paper presents a multi-stream convolutional neural network (MS-CNN) for automatic feature extraction from and fusion of motor vibration and stator current at various line frequencies. The MS-CNN has demonstrated superior performance over conventional machine learning methods. To understand the rationale for MS-CNN to diagnose motor defects, the relevance of input features for fault classification by a trained MS-CNN are investigated through Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) of its predictions.

Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Session 14: Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsIndustry 4.0



Abstracts Quality Prediction of Reamed Bores Based on Process Data and

Machine Learning Algorithm: A Contribution to a More Sustainable ManufacturingSebastian Schorra,b, Matthias Möllerb, Jörg Heibb, Shiqi Fanga, Dirk Bährea

AbstractDuring the manufacturing of machined workpieces with very narrow tolerances in serial production, slight quality deviations can cause high scrap rates and a waste of resources. In-process quality surveillance makes it possible to take measurements during the machining process as soon as a deviation occurs. Within this context, the quality of machined workpieces has to be predicted simultaneous to the machining process without affecting it. In this paper, the machine learning method of random forests (RF) is employed to predict geometrical and dimensional quality characteristics of reamed bores based on process data. Process data were collected during the serial production of high-precision hydraulic valves by a milling-machine. It is found that the values of the mean absolute error were on average very low for all predicted quality characteristics. The results have shown that RF is able to predict quality characteristics on basis of process data accurately which can lead to a more sustainable manufacturing of drilled and reamed bores.

aInstitute of Production Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanybBosch Rexroth AG, Bexbacher Straße 72, Homburg 66424, Germany

Time-energy Optimal Trajectory Planning for Collaborative Welding Robot with Multiple Manipulators

Xuemei Liu, Chengrong Qiu, Qingfei Zeng, Aiping Li, Nan Xie

AbstractIn order to minimize energy consumption and running time while ensuring the smoothness of collaborative welding robot with multiple manipulators, a methodology for optimal trajectory planning is proposed. The trajectory is interpolated in each joint space by means of cubic B-spline and motion time nodes are optimized based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed trajectory planning method provides an ideal trajectory for the joint controller, so that the robot can smoothly complete the welding task with less energy and time consumption.

School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 210804, China



56

Abstracts Characteristics and Skills of Leadership in the Context of Industry 4.0 Valeria E Guzmána, Bernd Muschardb, Mateus Gerolamoa, Holger Kohlb, Henrique Rozenfelda

AbstractLeadership is essential in organizations to successfully promote a culture of innovation. Consequently, leaders assume a crucial role in the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0. This paper aims to present key leadership characteristics and skills in the context of Industry 4.0. It was based mainly on a literature review about leadership and Industry 4.0. This work results in 10 leadership characteristics found for industry 4.0 and their relationship with 4 leadership skills groups: cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, business skills, and strategic skills. The organizations might consider these skills as requirements for the leaders in the transition process towards Industry 4.0.

a University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense- 400, São Carlos 13566-590, BrazilbTechnische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany

Cyber-physical System Enabled in Sustainable Waste Management 4.0:A Smart Waste Collection System for Indonesian Semi-Urban Cities

Yun Arifatul Fatimaha, Andi Widiantob, Muhtar Hanafib

AbstractCyber-physical System has become a trending topic undergoing intense discussion among industries, academicians, government, and communities globally to be implemented into critical infrastructures in a city, including waste management. In developed countries, cyber-physical system (CPS) is convinced to improve waste collection process, to reduce transportation energy and cost, to reduce labour and facilities inefficiency, to improve community health, and to create more value to the waste. However, the study of the CPS applied in waste management is still lacking from attention and very limited in Indonesia. This study has an objective to develop a smart waste collection system which integrates physical and cyber spaces to compute, to control and to communicate all waste management components including technology, facility, information, sensors, actuators, and networking. In-depth research on nonorganic waste banks management presents a task sharing platform of a waste collection system and a smart waste collection system using sensing platform suitable for semi-urban cities in a developing country. The model shows an integrated and connected element involved in waste collection management.

aIndustrial Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jl. Mayjen Bambang Sugeng, km5, Mertoyudan, Magelang, 56172, Indonesia

bInformatic Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jl. Mayjen Bambang Sugeng, km5, Mertoyudan, Magelang, 56172, Indonesia




Abstracts An Investigation of Process Performance when Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polymer (CFRP) Composite under Dry, Cryogenic and MQL Environments

Life cycle Inventory of NiCrAl/NiCr-Cr3C2 Composite Coatings for Plasma Spraying Process

Arjun Nagaraja, Alper Uysalb, I. S. Jawahira

AbstractComposites, especially Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites, are widely used in today’s industrial world such as in aviation, defence, automotive industries. Although given the unique properties of the material, it is quite challenging to machine CFRP composites. Drilling, among other operations, is a critical process that has a tendency to produce process-induced defects. In this paper, thrust force, torque, delamination, and diameter error of drilled holes were investigated in drilling of CFRP composites under dry, MQL and cryogenic conditions and the results were compared. Also, since machining parameters play an important role, a variable feed approach is adopted to investigate the effect of feed in drilling of CFRP composites.

aInstitute for Sustainable Manufacturing (ISM), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USAbDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey

Jing Liua,b, Liming Wanga,b, Fangyi Lia,b, Xueju Rana,b,Xin Penga,b

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of lack of data on the environmental impact list of the current plasma spraying process，Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to collect the inventory data of NiCrAl / NiCr-Cr3C2 composite coating prepared by plasma spraying. The Input-Process-Output (IPO) process models were established, and the process resources, energy input and environmental impact were collected. The blank of plasma spray process life cycle inventory data set was effectively filled.

aKey Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

bNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), Jinan250061, China

Session 15: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesAssembly and Manufacturing Processes


58

Abstracts Sustainable Polypropylene Nanocomposite for Lightweight and

Low Thermal Conductivity Application

Self-driving Chassis for Low-invest and Highly Flexible Electric Vehicle Assembly

Uwa a,*, Sadiku b, T Jamiru a, Z Huan a, K Mpofu c, Y Hamam d, Ibrahima, B Ramatsetse c

AbstractSustainable polypropylene nanocomposites (PPNCs) were prepared by using melt blending of polypropylene (PP), and nanoclay (NC) in the presence of a compatibilizer, i.e. maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP). The characterization of the composite samples was accomplished with tensile tester, x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, thermo gravimetric analyzer, and thermal conductivity instruments. The improved adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement enhanced the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. The result describes how the sustainable product is a function of the process root, material composition and the micro structure. The study focused on the development of a sustainable light weight and low thermal conductive polypropylene nanocomposites for thermal insulation, which can be used in a sustainable environment that may include: alkalinity, fire, moisture, and thermal effects.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africab Institute of Nano Engineering Research and Department of Chemical, Metallurgy and Materials

Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africac Department of Industrial Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

d Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

Marius Wenning, Sebastian Kawollek, Achim Kampker

AbstractThe introduction of electric vehicle concepts with their own production line causes significant investments, which shy away car manufacturers due to the uncertain demand and the risks arising from lower technological maturity. Moreover, start-up businesses that want to produce small lot sizes of their vehicle concepts face a similar challenge: The state of the art manufacturing of cars is optimized for large quantities. The highly automated facilities cause immense investments. The need for small series production is a motivation for new production concepts that reduce massive investments and increase operational flexibility in electric vehicle’s final assembly. In this paper, the disruptive concept of the self-driving chassis is presented. It replaces expensive conveyors and allows active re-sequencing of the assembly order. A battery concept guaranteeing occupational safety, requirements regarding actuators and sensors are shown. A reorganized assembly order which allows the maximization of benefits is suggested. Finally, challenging safety issues are revealed.

Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany




Abstracts Simulation of Kinematic Hardening Models for Carbon Steel AISI 1035 Weld Stress

Prediction during Welding Assembly of a Rail CarDaniyan, I. A.a, Mpofu K.a, Fameso, F. O.b, and Adeodu, A. O.c

AbstractThe modelling and dynamic simulation of the welding process and material’s behavior under different loading and unloading conditions of thermal, stress and strain is important in order to determine the effect of heat and stress distribution as well as the sustainability of the overall process. This work presents the simulation of kinematic hardening models for AISI 1035 weld stress prediction during welding assembly of the lower brackets of a rail car. A simplified modelling and simulation of kinematic hardening for AISI 1035 weld stress prediction was carried out using the commercial software code ABAQUS ® Complete AbaqusEnvironment (CAE) 2017 edition. A combination of coupled thermal-displacement and static general steps for thermal and mechanical analysis were employed in the Abaqus Standard Implicit module. The weld zone was loaded with the heat flux corresponding to the weld temperature of 900 °C in the thermal step and then propagated into the mechanical loading step where a load of 5 kN was impacted on the top of the weld zone within a step time of 15 milliseconds. The results obtained indicated that the maximum stress from the Von Mises stress exceeds the yield strength of the material. This points to the fact that the material will deform plastically under the application of stress. Beyond this point is the strain hardening point where the metal is strengthened by the plastic deformation.

a Department of Industrial Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design,

Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. c Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.



60

Abstracts Prediction of Postural Discomfort Impact on Manual Assembly:

A Workshop Case StudyThierry Yongaa, Grace Kanakana-Katumbab, Khumbulani Mpofua

AbstractThe analysis of manual assembly features and performance indicators is well reported in the literature. Awkward working postures and energy expenditure are known to be the major elements affecting the ergonomic of the manual assembler. However, such investigations are not fully discussed in non-repetitive operations. We therefore conducted a comprehensive ergonomic analysis of the manual assembly process of a SAE Baja racing car at a Mechanical Skills Workshop. Through an experimental set-up to collect data, the observation of the manual assembly operation of a SAE Baja racing car was performed. Purposeful sampling determined the specific elements that were critical to the analysis. The postural disposition of an assembler performing 24 similar work elements was studied. According to REBA, the assembly operations required further investigation and change. Based on the essential assembly-ergonomic components of the study, the energy expenditure of the tasks was derived, and the coefficients of determination R2 gave an indication of the level of correlation between the parameters of the manual assembly operation. To complete the study, we give examples of corrective measures that could formalize the working postures of the assembler, thus reducing the risk of physical discomfort and, subsequently helping in sustaining manual assembly operations.

a’’Tshwane University of Technology,Staatsartillerie Rd , Pretoria,West, Pretoria, 0183. South Africa bUniversity of South Africa, Preller St, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, 0002. South Africa

Variable Valve Timing for a Camless Stepping Valve EngineI. Zibania, R. Marumoa, J. Chumab, I. Ngebania, K. Tsamaasea

AbstractVariable valve timing (VVT) enables the valve events to vary with RPM for optimum engine performance. It alters the timing on the camshaft using pneumatic, hydraulic or electromechanical means. The Cameless Stepping Valve system uses software controlled valve events. Here, VVT is achieved by advancing/retarding valve events using only the direction of the piston and interpolated virtual angles on the flywheel. The engine model used has an optimum RPM of 24000, which translates to a period of 2.5mS. A 10 angle increment on the flywheel corresponds to 6.9µS. As a result, a retardation/advance of 10 would mean that the valve will open/close 6.9µS after the current/previous TDC. A 9bit real-time digital counter was triggered to count the calculated angles at every Otto Cycle so that advance/retard is updated at every RPM. In this project, it was demonstrated that valve event control is possible using interpolation of virtual angles on the flywheel, replacing a multi-tooth timing wheel. The proposed technique is more accurate and robust.

aUniversity of Botswana, P/Bag 0022, Gaborone, BotswanabBotswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana




AbstractsCustomizing Products through Remanufacturing - Ideation of a Concept

Jan Kollera, Christoph J. Veltea, Sebastian Schötzb, Frank Döppera,b

AbstractRemanufacturing is one key element of a circular economy and plays an important role in reducing global resource consumption. Though advantages are clear, manufacturers often hesitate to introduce remanufacturing in fear of increas-ing production complexity, high manual effort and uncertain customer demand for remanufactured products. Meanwhile in new production, the development of consumer demand leads to individualized and diversified products, especially in business to customer relationships. In this paper, we propose a rationale for using remanufacturing as a strategy to increase product individualization in combining elements and strategies from mass customization and remanufacturing, while considering ecological and economic aspects. A conceptualization of potential use-cases explores an approach using remanufacturing to individualize products and thus tap new customer groups without cannibalizing new product sales.

aFraunhofer IPA, Universitaetsstr. 9, 95447 Bayreuth, GermanybChair Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Technology, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr.

30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

Remanufacture for Sustainability: Barriers and Solutions to Promote Automotive Remanufacturing

Hasith Gunasekara, Janaka Gamage, Himan Punchihewa

AbstractRemanufacturing is a proven sustainable product recovery strategy which returns used products to their original state with minimum waste of material and energy. Nevertheless, there are barriers that prevent remanufacturing activities globally. Thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the present barriers for remanufacturing and propose solutions to the major barriers pertinent to the automotive remanufacturing industry in Sri Lanka. Thematic analysis of related literature, Semi-structured interviews and industrial case studies were conducted to identify the barriers. Pair-wise comparison was used to prioritise them. The prioritised barriers were listed, and solutions are proposed to promote local/regional automotive remanufacturing.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa,Sri Lanka, 10400

Session 16: Sustainable ProductsCircular Economy


62

Abstracts Analysis of Potential Economic and Environmental Effects Through

Remanufacturingof Construction Equipment in KoreaYong-Sung Juna, Hyun-Jung Joa, Young-Chun Kima, Hong-Yoon Kanga,

Yong-Woo Hwangb, Young-Won Kimb

AbstractRemanufacturing is one of the business models of the circular economy frame to cope with environmental problems such as depletion of resources and climate change, which is becoming hot issues all over the world, and the demand for revitalization of the remanufacturing industries are increasing. Among the various remanufacturing fields, the construction equipment has a large unit weight per product and it is mainly composed of cast iron, so it can be expected that the energy and resource saving effect through remanufacturing will be high. Leading construction equipment companies have been aware of the importance of remanufacturing from 20 ~ 30 years ago and are leading the construction equipment remanufactur-ing industry trend by fostering the remanufacturing business. The construction equipment remanufacturing industry in Korea is an early stage in which several interested companies participate. Key challenges include the need for objective evidence of the effectiveness of remanufacturing, securing skilled technical personnel, securing R & D infrastructure, and providing stable cores for remanufacturing. In this study, we analyzed the potential economic and environmental effects of remanufacturing in Korea’s construction equipment remanufacturing market. As a result of the analysis, when the registration of the construc-tion equipment was invalidated, the economic effect was compared between the case where the construction equipment was dismantled and the case where the remanufacturing was carried out. In addition, environmental effects were analyzed by applying LCA method to reduce environmental impacts in terms of climate change, air pollutant emissions, and resource consumption.

aKorea National Cleaner Production Center, KITECH, 322 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06211, KoreabCollege of Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, KOREA

Challenges and Solutions of Automated Disassembly and Condition-Based Remanufacturing of Lithium-Ion Battery Modules for a Circular Economy

Jens Schäfer, Ramona Singer, Janna Hofmann, Jürgen Fleischer

Abstractwbk Institute of Production Science at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT),Karlsruhe,Germany

Session 16: Sustainable ProductsCircular Economy

This paper proposes a systematic approach for both, a remanufacturable battery module and an automated remanu-facturing station. In the beginning the joints in a battery module are investigated and categorized, followed by an evaluation of alternatives. Based on the evaluation, a novel battery module and an automated remanufacturing station are presented. As a result, it is possible to replace an individual battery cell while maintaining the integrity of the battery module, leading to a value-added product that can be brought back to market.



AbstractsEquivalence Analysis of Plastic Surface Materials and Comparable Sustainable

Surfaces by a Multisensory Measurement SystemLars C. Gussen, Max Ellerich, Robert H. Schmitt

AbstractThis paper presents a multisensory measurement system used to evaluate and compare designs of plastic surfaces and sustainable substitutes. To increase the development and use of sustainable materials in visible areas of products, manufacturers need to be aware of any competitive disadvantage of using these materials. Ultimately, sustainable materials must be comparable in terms of processing costs and customers must perceive sustainable materials with an equivalent sensory value as less sustainable materials. The approach of using a multisensory system to measure the customer’s perception of surface properties of sustainable versus conventionally produced materials offers a tool for future sustainable product development.

Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Influence of the Stiffness of Burnishing Tools on Process Force and Surface Quality of EN AW-2007 and C45 Workpieces

Rico Stöckmanna, Marco Posdzicha, Philipp Klimanta, Matthias Putzb

AbstractBurnishing is a highly efficient surface finishing process, which is also more sustainable compared to grinding. Such processed surfaces are characterized by a low roughness and an increased hardness. In recent years, the interest in the process grew due to the steady adoption on flat and free-form surfaces. Especially the latter may benefit from a soft burnishing tool, due to the nearly constant burnishing force and therefore a less strong interaction with geometric imperfections of the free-form surface. In this paper, the influence of the burnishing tool stiffness on the surface features indent, bulge and roughness are shown. Several low and one high stiffness burnishing tool were investigated. As evaluation data, the burnishing force and the finished surface were measured. As shown in this paper, soft tools result in a constant force and can improve surface quality.

a Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes (IWP), Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany

b Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU), Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany

Session 17: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesSurfaces Handling and Manufacturing


64

AbstractsDry Sheet Metal Forming of Aluminum by Smooth DLC Coatings – a Capable

Approach for an Efficient Production Process with Reduced Environmental ImpactT. Abraham, G. Bräuera, F. Fleglerb, P. Grocheb, M. Demmlerc

AbstractCurrently a high amount of lubricants is used in aluminum forming processes to ensure a long tool lifetime and a high product quality. These technological and economical goals are traded for a negative environmental impact caused by the usage of lubricants. One approach to reduce the environmental impact is the utilization of dry forming of aluminum. Therefore, alternative methods for a tribological optimization need to be implemented like the deposition of tool coatings. Diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings are well known for their exceptional tribological properties. However, state of the art DLC coatings fail due to rapid formation of aluminum adhesions. In this paper, the nanoscopic roughness of DLC coatings will be presented as a critical property for preventing the formation of aluminum adhesions and enabling dry forming of aluminum. For this purpose, an amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) coating will be deposited, subsequently polished and characterized to validate the impact of the material selection and surface treatment on the coating roughness. For an evaluation of the tribological properties, polished and unpolished a-C:H coatings will be tested in application oriented strip drawing and industry-oriented deep drawing tests. These tests demonstrate the capability of smooth a-C:H tool coatings to enable dry forming of aluminum with a reduced environmental impact.

a Fraunhofer-Institut for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germanyb Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany

c Fraunhofer-Institut for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Reichenhainer Straße 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany




AbstractsSustainable Optimisation of a Carousel for Foundry Processes

Giampaolo Campana, Mattia Mele, Barbara Cimatti

AbstractFoundry technology includes a family of processes that traditionally consume high amounts of energy. It is fundamental to apply the principles of Sustainable Manufacturing to increase the energy efficiency of these processes. This paper describes the research activity carried out to improve the efficiency of a carousel, which allows the automatisation of aluminium gravity die casting process, consisting of different phases: die preparation, filling with molten aluminium alloy, solidifi-cation time, die opening, and part extraction. It is demonstrated that the efficiency is a function of the disposition of the dies mounted on the carousel, due to the solidification time (which is the limiting process parameter), and different cycle times depending on the realised product. The authors propose an optimised layout, which reduces the cycle time while maintain-ing the same level of the casting final quality. This reduction in the cycle time significantly improves the sustainability of the foundry process.

Dept. of Industriale Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2,40136 Bologna, Italy

Performance of Interlaminar Flax-Carbon Hybrids under BendingH. P. Leea, b, U. Kureemuna, M. Ravandic, W. S. Teod

AbstractFibers derived from plants are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Their mechanical properties, however, are general-ly much lower than synthetic fibers, such as carbon. This has been a leading cause for their limited usage in many engineer-ing applications. For natural fibres to find its way into semi-structural applications, significant improvements in mechanical properties are necessary. Towards this end, we investigate the performance enhancement achievable through hybridization with high strength and high stiffness carbon fibres in this work. Results showed that with just 14% of carbon fibers in flax-carbon epoxy hybrid, flexural stiffness can be increased by up to 5.5 times, and strength 2.7 times. This demonstrates the potential of natural-synthetic hybridization even at low volume fraction of synthetic fibers. The effects of stacking sequences on performance under bending were also investigated and the reliability of using Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) to predict flexural modulus of hybrid carbon-flax was assessed.

a Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore. b National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, China.

c Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, #7 Pardis Alley, Molla-Sadra Street, Vanak Square, PO Box 19395-1999, Tehran, Iran. d Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore.



66

AbstractsAvoiding Environmental Consequences of Equipment Failure via an LSTM-Based

Model for Predictive MaintenanceHaiyue Wua, Aihua Huanga, John W. Sutherlanda

AbstractThis paper builds on the previously developed maintenance strategy of predictive maintenance (PdM) that can detect the incipient breakdown of a system and determine the condition of in-service equipment to estimate the maintenance scheduling. Here, a new data-driven model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) algorithm is proposed to detect the degradation of a manufacturing system and predict its future health condition for PdM. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model, a motor bearing failure process is used to demonstrate the proposed method.

Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA

Fuzzy Multi Criteria Approach for Sustainable Maintenance Performance Evaluation in Cement Industry

Elita Amrina, Insannul Kamil, Dhova Aridharma

AbstractThis paper develops a fuzzy multi criteria approach to evaluate the sustainable maintenance performance in the cement industry. A literature study is conducted to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) and then validated by industry experts. As a result, a total of sixteen indicators which divided into three factors of economic, social, and environmental are proposed as the KPIs to evaluate the sustainable maintenance performance in the cement industry. Furthermore, the relationships amongst the KPIs are determined using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) method. The results show that working environment, occupational health and safety, and lighting and ventilation identifed as the most influencing indicators. On the other hand, energy consumption is suggested as the most dependent indicator. The Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) method is then used to determine the importance weight of KPIs. The occupational health and safety is regarded as the most important indicator, followed by working environment, and lighting and ventilation. The evalua-tion model is expected to help the cement industry in their efforts to continously improve the sustainable maintenance performance.

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia

Session 18: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesMaintenance



AbstractsPreventive Maintenance Scheduling by Modularity Design Applied to

Limestone Crusher MachineNilda Tri Putri, Taufik, Filly Satria Buana

AbstractScheduling policy towards a machine or equipment that merely considers component lifetime will be difficult to be performed to a machine that has a complex mechanical structure. That problem causes ineffective maintenance time and enormous maintenance cost. Aforementioned problem can be solved by applying a preventive maintenance method using a modular-ity design approach. Modularity design method considers the linkages between machine components so that they can be classed into a new maintenance module. This method can help an enterprise in reducing maintenance cost and optimizing the time to carry out the preventive maintenance activity so that the machine reliability and productivity will increase.

Department of Industrial Engineering, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia

Improving MRO Order Processing by Means of Advanced Technological Diagnostics and Data Mining Approaches

Melissa Seitza, Torben Luchta, Christian Kellerb,Christian Ludwigc, Rainer Strobeltd, Peter Nyhuisa

AbstractProduction planning based on uncertain load information may lead to low schedule adherence or low capacity utilization. Thus, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) service providers are striving to improve their business processes to achieve high logistics efficiency. To estimate repair expenditures and material demands as early as possible, different approaches may be pursued. In this paper, the advancement of technological diagnostics to enable condition assessment without prior disassembly and the use of data mining to generate reliable forecasts are discussed. Thereby, the potential for planning MRO order processing is focused using the example of aircraft engines and rail vehicle transformers.

a Institute of Production Systems and Logistics (IFA), Leibniz University Hannover, Germanyb MTU Maintenance Hannover GmbH, Germany, c MTU Maintenance Canada Ltd., Canada

d Siemens AG, Traction Transformers Nürnberg, Germany



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AbstractsEmpirical and Distribution Approaches for Analysing Reliability and

Maintainability of Radial Compressors in Oil and Gas SystemsPaul Amaechi Ozor

AbstractThe pertinent aspect of an investigation into the reliability and maintainability of a radial Compressor equipment in the oil and gas industry is presented. Use of empirical models and candidate distribution to quantify maintenance parameters from system data was explored. The approach was illustrated with data taken from a typical Oil and Gas company that will be referred to as IE Company for privacy reasons. The results show that the method can be used to simultaneously determine instantaneous reliability, maintainability, level of improvement etc., on the system after any individual maintenance. The results indicate that reliability of the system degraded to approximately 0.703391 at the 12th failure and repair point. The probability that 0.8998 of the failing or already failed components can be repaired in about 108.75 hours was established. The degree of improvement necessary to restore the entire system to the best performance state at the period is 81.5625.

Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Doornfontein 2094, South Africa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, Nsukka 140001, Enugu State, Nigeria




AbstractsSustainability-Based Evaluation of Casting Gating Systems:

a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making ApproachMichail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly

AbstractThe selection of the most appropriate casting gating system design is one of the most critical decision-making tasks in foundries as it is closely associated to the amount of air inclusions and surface defect concentration, which should be minimal in the final casting product to ensure superior quality and enhanced mechanical properties. Moreover, the design of the gating system influences the material and energy usage and consequently the cost of the sand casting manufacturing process. Therefore, its design should be thoughtfully considered and planned. In this investigation, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) is being coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in order to select the optimal gating system design with respect to the sustainability of the process. Besides process energy, three additional criteria were used for the evaluation of the gating system performance, namely: air entrainment, surface defect concentration and mould cost. CFD simulations were performed to evaluate each one of the 6 gating system designs considered against each one the aforementioned criteria. The selection of the most appropriate gating system was performed using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

Sustainable Manufacturing Systems Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Manufacturing – Analysis of Existing ApproachesAnika Schramm , Fanny Richter, Uwe Götze

AbstractMore than 15 years ago, the concept of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) was first addressed in literature, defining a holistic method integrating Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, and Social Life Cycle Assessment. Since then, the number of publications presenting different approaches on LCSA increased. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of LCSA for sustainable manufacturing. Hence, relevant literature is identified and analysed using different criteria (e.g., scope, target figures). Based on the results, the state-of-the-art of LCSA for sustainable manufacturing is characterised. Moreover, further research needs are outlined.

Chair of Management Accounting and Control, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany



70

AbstractsMulti-Criteria Optimization in the Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Thomas Kornasa,c, Dominik Wittmannb, Rüdiger Dauba, Oliver Meyerb, Claus Weihsb, Sebastian Thiedec, Christoph Herrmannc

AbstractLithium-ion-batteries (LIBs) play a key role in determining the environmental impacts of future mobility technologies. In particular, the production of LIBs has a strong environmental impact as it is characterized by high scrap rates. In addition to existing expert-based approaches for the identification of quality drivers in production, a trend towards data-driven methods is discernible. Nevertheless, most approaches show shortcomings in the involvement of multi-criteria optimization. Therefore, this paper uses desirability functions to jointly optimize several quality parameters. Validation was conducted based on the data of an assembly line for prismatic LIBs.

a BMW Group, Technology Development, Prototyping Battery Cell, Munich, Germanyb Chair of Computational Statistics, Technische Universität Dortmund cChair of Sustainable Manufacturing and Life Cycle Engineering, Institute of

Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF), Technische Universität Braunschweig

Influences of TPM and TQM Practices on Performance of Engineering Product and Component Manufacturers

Saumyaranjan Sahooa, Sudhir Yadevb

AbstractIn the Indian manufacturing sector, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Total Quality Management (TQM) have become the key concepts for improving production performance, over the last few decades. However, research on TPM and TQM generally investigates the impact of these manufacturing programs in isolation. This paper presents an empirical study that employs survey responses from 72 engineering product and component manufacturing firms, to comparatively examine the co-alignment between TPM and TQM practices in enhancing manufac-turing performance with respect to separate TPM or TQM practices. There exist a strong and positive relationship between simultaneous TPM×TQM implementation and operational performance parameters. In addition, the results indicate simultaneous implementation of TPM×TQM practices has a significant potential to improve manufacturing performance as compared to standalone or separate implementation.

a Jaipuria Institute of Management,Bambala Institutional Area, Jaipur-302033,lndiab School of Petroleum Management, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Raisan, Gandhinagar-382007, India




AbstractsMulti-Criteria OptimizatiKnowledge Based Eco-Efficiency Improvemen

t in Remanufacturing Processing SystemsWenhao Huanga, Zhigang Jianga, Han Wanga, Hua Zhangb, Xiaoli Huc

AbstractRemanufacturing has been viewed as an effective and efficient method for energy conservation, emission reduction, and material saving. However, the uncertainties in terms of quality and quantity of used parts have led to low efficiency and intensive dependence on labor force of the remanufacturing processing systems. Coupled with severe environmental legislation, remanufacturing processing systems become far below its potential in eco-efficiency. Therefore, a novel knowledge based method is proposed for eco-efficiency improvement of remanufacturing processing systems. In this method, a hierarchical characteristics identification and matching model is proposed to guide the generation of the process routes, in which the geometric characteristics are used to identify the type of used parts and the damage characteristics are adopted to determine process route. An eco-efficiency oriented Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to capture and update knowledge base including process rules and process knowledge. The remanufacturing of used worm gear is taken as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

a Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

b Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430081, China c School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China

Effect of Porosity on Wear Behavior of Remanufacturing Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings under Oil Lubrication

Xueju Rana,b, Jiantong Shanga,b, Liming Wanga,b, Xingyi Zhanga,b

AbstractRemanufacturing is an advanced stage in the development of maintenance engineering and surface engineering, which is an important component of sustainable manufacturing. As a significant remanufacturing technology, thermal spraying is an important basis for the development of surface engineering. In this paper, Cr3C2-NiCr coatings with different porosity were prepared by plasma spraying, and their wear behaviour under oil lubrication was studied. The results show that the wear mechanisms of the coatings are different with difference of the porosity. Abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism of the high-porosity coating, while adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism of the low-porosity coating.

a Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

b National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), Jinan250061, China

Session 20: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesRemanufacturing Processes


72

AbstractsReview of Research on Cleaning Technology for Remanufacturing Industry

Zhang Baocaia,b, Jia Xiujiea,b, Ma Minglianga,b, Xiong Shenga,b, Xin Benlia,b

AbstractThe cleaning quality is a key factor that restricts the progress of remanufacturing detection and repair, and it’s also one of the main factors that restrict the remanufacturing industry’s development. Aiming at the research status and development trend of remanufacturing cleaning, some typical remanufacturing cleaning technologies which have good effects on contami-nants’ removal are reviewed. Besides, through the analysis on the oxides and organic deposits formed during its service and the surface coating of its initial manufacturing process, the removal mechanism and application characteristics of each technol-ogy are analyzed and reviewed. With the help of the above analysis, the advantages and shortcomings of each cleaning technolo-gy are summarized and the development trend of the remanufacturing cleaning technologies is prospected. Based on the above results, the development trend is prospected, which is compound, green and intelligent.

a Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China

b National Engineering Teaching Demonstration Center for Mechanical Engineering (Shandong University), Jinan250061, China

Characterization of Carbonaceous Deposit from Microstructure and Component on End-of-life Engines for Remanufacturing

Xing Wang a, b, Mingliang Ma a, b, Jianfeng Li a, b, Xiujie Jia a, b, Sheng Xiong a, b

AbstractRemanufacturing is one of the most effective strategy to achieve sustainable manufacturing which could restore the performance of end-of-life products. Among the remanufacturing process of diesel engines, the effective cleaning of carbonaceous deposit plays an important role. In order to explore an appropriate cleaning method, it is necessary to study the characterization of carbonaceous deposit from the aspect of microstructure and component. The component characterization was studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)1, and H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). And, the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to research the characterization of microstructure. The results showed the carbonaceous deposit was composited with organics (mainly on surface) and inorganics (mainly attaching on the substrate). The inorganics construct the skeleton for organics attaching, which makes the adhesion of carbona-ceous deposit stronger and increase the cleaning difficulty of carbonaceous deposit. According to the complex composi-tion, a compound methods or a method with compound effects should be considered to clean carbonaceous deposit. This outcome will promote the remanufacturing progress of end-of-life parts polluted by carbonaceous deposit more environ-mentally friendly.

a Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

b National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), Jinan250061, China

Session 20: Sustainable Manufacturing ProcessesRemanufacturing Processes



AbstractsSustainable Supply Chains – Digital Transformation Technologies’ Impact

on the Social and Environmental DimensionAnna Luisa Junge, Frank Straube

AbstractThe research presents findings concerning the prospects of the implementation of digital transformation technologies (DTT) for more sustainable processes in logistics and supply chain management of manufacturing companies. DTT can enable improvements with regards to energy efficiency, reducing transport and distribution distances and optimizing logistics resources. This research is based on qualitative case studies among manufacturers. A special emphasis is put on social and environmental sustainability as current research often focuses on the economical dimension. Results indicate that the deployment of DTT in logistics and supply chain management have a moderate positive impact on the environmental and social sustainability dimension.

Chair of Logistics, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany

Development of a Supplier Assessment form for an Electronic Product Manufacturing Organisation

Olasumbo Makindea, Refentse Selepea, Thomas Munyaia, Kem Ramdassb

AbstractSmooth running and optimal flow of the supply chain system of an electronic product manufacturing organisation solely rely on the just-in-time (JIT) availability of raw materials required by various manufacturing processes of an organisation. Hence, the selection of suitable suppliers that meet the key strategic objectives required to ensure effective functioning of end-to-end processes of an organisation is vital to ensure sustainable manufacturing in an organisation. In light of this, the aim of this study is to develop a supplier assessment form that could be used by a procurement manager of an electronic product manufacturing organisation to select a suitable supplier of their raw materials. In order to achieve this, various criteria were appraised and utilised to establish the key indicators that should be used to rate the performance of suppliers, with a view to establishing a suitable raw material supplier. The result of the criteria assessment revealed that the criterion “supplier resilience” with a priority score of 0.30 is the most important criterion for selecting a suitable supplier. The supplier assessment form developed in this study revealed the myriads of indicators that need to be rated based on weight scores of the supplier criteria and sub-criteria. This form serve as an assessment guide that could be used in a manufacturing organisation to select a reliable supplier that will facilitate sustainable production.

a Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria, 0001 b University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg, 1709



74

AbstractsPerformance Evaluation of the Supply Chain System of a Food Product

Manufacturing System Using a Questionnaire-Based ApproachOlasumbo Makindea, Tebogo Mowandia, Thomas Munyaia, Michael Ayomohb

AbstractEffective management of the end-to-end process of a food industry is vital for the achievement of the key strategic objectives of this organisation. However, various factors have limited the performance and productivity of the supply chain system of food industries; thus hindering an organisation from meeting its customers demand target. Hence; there is a need to appraise the performance of the supply chain system of a food industry with a view to identify factors limiting its performance and ensure continuous end-to-end process improvement. In light of this, this paper assesses the performance of the supply chain system of a food industry using a questionnaire-based approach. The structure of the questionnaire consists of myriad of questions that appraises the performance of various factors responsible for effective functioning and optimal flow of the supplier and production sections of the supply chain of a food industry based on the industry benchmark for these factors. The production operators responded to the appropriate sections of the questionnaire. The questionnaire result revealed that the overall performance of work stations 1, 3, 4 and 5 are below the organisation’s target. Hence, the resolutions of various factors lowering the performance of these work stations were recommended as future studies. The questionnaire developed in this study serve as a template that could be used by supply chain managers to measure the performance of their supply chain systems, with a view to ensure continuous and sustainable end-to-end process improvement.

aTshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria, 0001bUniversity of Pretoria, Lynnwoods Rd, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0083




neoGET - student teams for a sustainable futureStudents (Beijing, China; Pretoria, South Africa; Tokyo, Japan; Kentucky, USA; Berlin, Germany).

Environmentally and economically advantageous plastics recyclingStudents, Supervisor: Fazleena Badurdeen (Kentucky, USA)

Understanding the world – How to avoid poverty in my country? Students, Supervisor: Li Jing (Beijing, China)

Enhanced Learning through Augmented Reality Learnstruments in Assembly Students, Supervisors: Günther Seliger, Jan Philipp Menn (Berlin, Germany)

Mobile MakerSpace for Sustainable Value CreationStudents, Supervisors: Günther Seliger, Bernd Muschard (Berlin, Germany)

Enabling for skilled work by learning factory in railway maintenance and repair Students, Supervisor: Khumbulani Mpofu (Pretoria, South Africa)

Design problem of economic carbon recovery and reduction by integrated supplier and disassembly part selectionsStudents, Supervisors: Tetsuo Yamada (Tokyo, Japan)

Sustainability-oriented Student Projects: Presentations and Discussion


76

Session: Notes:

Follow-up:



Session: Notes:

Follow-up:


78

Session: Notes:

Follow-up:

Time

Tues

day 0

8/10

/201

9W

edne

sday

09/

10/2

019

Thur

sday

10/1

0/20

19Fr

iday

11/1

0/20

19

Welco

me R

ecep

tion

Bus T

ransfe

r

Harbo

r Tou

r

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tratio

n at c

onfer

ence

site

Regis

tratio

n at c

onfer

ence

site

Regis

tratio

n at c

onfer

ence

site

Open

ing Sp

eech

esKe

ynote

- Prof

. Li Ji

ng (C

UEB B

eijing

):Co

mmon

deve

lopme

nt - U

nders

tandin

g Belt

& R

oad I

nitiat

ive in

Conte

xt of

New

Norm

al

Keyn

ote - D

r. Jac

k Hu (

Unive

rsity

of Ge

orgia)

:Joi

ning o

f ligh

t-weig

ht an

d diss

imila

r mate

rials

for Tr

ansp

ortati

on Fu

elEff

icien

cy an

d Sus

taina

bility

Keyn

ote - P

rof. S

ami K

ara (U

NSW

Sydn

ey):

Abso

lute S

ustai

nabil

ity an

d the

Role

of M

anufa

cturin

g in a

Res

ource

Cons

traint

Worl

d

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nch

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h

Keyn

ote - D

r. Ach

im Fe

inaue

r (CO

O/CT

O EM

AG G

mbH&

Co., K

G):

Susta

inable

Man

ufactu

ring a

s a bu

sines

s cas

e for

a mac

hine t

ool b

uilde

rKe

ynote

- Mr. C

hristo

ph St

ark (C

EO im

es-ic

ore):

Short

est p

ath fr

om sc

an to

tooth

Keyn

ote - M

r. Volk

er Sa

uer (

R&D

Bosc

hRex

roth):

Harm

onizi

ng Su

staina

bility

and C

onne

cted S

olutio

ns in

the F

actor

y of t

he Fu

ture

��

��

Farew

ell an

d Out

look G

CSM

2020

- Prof

. Koh

l

Keyn

ote -

Mr. R

alf D

ieter

(CEO

Dürr

AG):

Susta

inable

Man

ufactu

ring a

nd Em

ission

Red

uctio

n

Keyn

ote - P

rof. H

olger

Kohl

(Tech

nisch

e Univ

ersitä

t Berl

in):

Increa

sing C

halle

nges

for S

ustai

nabil

ity fo

rMan

ufactu

ring I

ndus

try ba

sed o

n Glob

al,

Natio

nal a

nd Te

chno

logica

l Initia

tives

Keyn

ote - M

r. Matt

hias W

eigele

(CEO

and o

wner

of EW

S Gmb

H):

Heart

for C

hildre

n: Ed

ucati

on in

Uga

nda

Coffe

e Brea

k

Bus T

ransfe

r (for

Indu

stry T

our a

ttend

ees)

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ransfe

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stry T

our a

ttend

ees)

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ransfe

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ransfe

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ute o

f Env

ironm

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or Su

staina

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evelo

pmen

t (IES

D) on

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pus

guide

d by t

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ce D

ean D

r. Wan

g Xin

(1) Vi

sit to

CDH

K (Sin

o Germ

an Sc

hool

for Po

stgrad

uate

Stud

ies), i

nclud

ing to

the S

ino G

erman

Inno

vatio

n Lab

(CDI

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OR

(2) In

dustr

y Tou

r to i

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L

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n Ship

Open

for m

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eas

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2019

GCS

M - C

onfe

renc

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gram

Ove

rvie

w

Bus T

ransfe

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Sess

ion 1:

SMP -

Addit

ive M

anufa

c-tu

ring

Sess

ion 2:

SMS -

Energ

y effic

iency

Sess

ion 3:

SMP -

Mobil

ity Se

rvice

s

Sess

ion 4:

SMP -

Mach

ine To

ols 1

Sess

ion 5:

SP -

Prod

uct D

esign

and I

nnov

ation

Sess

ion 6:

SMS -

Reso

urce E

fficien

cy

Sess

ion 7:

SMP -

Value

from

Was

te

Sess

ion 8:

SMS -

Prod

uctio

nPla

nning

, Sch

eduli

ngan

d Con

trol

Sess

ion 16

:SP

-Ci

rcular

Econ

omy

Sess

ion 17

:SM

P -Su

rface

s Han

dling

and M

anufa

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oces

ses

Sess

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: SM

P -Ma

inten

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ent S

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Abram

ovici

,Jin

g and

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ion 9:

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staina

bility

atRe

giona

l Lev

el

Sess

ion 10

:SM

S -Su

pply

Chain

1

Sess

ion 11

:SM

S -St

rateg

y and

Busin

ess M

odels

Prep

aratio

n Roo

m

Sess

ion 19

:CT

SM -

Metri

cs fo

r SM

Sess

ion 20

:SM

P -Re

manu

fac-

turin

g Proc

esse

s

Sess

ion 21

SMS -

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ly Ch

ain 2

Stud

ent S

essio

n -

conti

nuati

on

Sess

ion 12

:SP

-Lif

e Cyc

le an

dDe

cision

Mak

ing

Sess

ion 13

:SM

P -Ma

chine

Tools

2

Sess

ion 14

:SM

S -Ind

ustry

4.0

Sess

ion 15

:SM

P -As

semb

ly an

dMa

nufac

-turin

g

Abstract book Hand in Hand to Sustainability on Globe

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