A Lived Experience on the Quality of Life among Out of School Youth in Barangay Arroyo Compound,...

University of Mindanao8000 Matina Campus, Davao City Philippines

A Lived Experience among Out of School Youth 1

RUNNING HEAD: A LIVED EXPERIENCE

A Lived Experience on the Quality of Life among Out of

School Youth in Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina

Crossing, Davao City

Precy Babe C. Celedonio, Shekinah L. Elorza, Ruthie B.

Guerra

The University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines



APPROVAL SHEET

A LIVED EXPERIENCE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OUT OF

SCHOOL YOUTH IN BARANGAY ARROYO COMPOUND,

MATINA CROSSING, DAVAO CITY

By:

Celedonio, Precy Babe B., Elorza, Shekinah L., Guerra, Ruthie B.

Thesis accepted and approved

as conforming to the required standard



DOREZA A. MAMBURAM, RN, MAN

Research Adviser

REVIEW COMMITTEE

RONALD ALLAN RAMO, RN, MAN REXIE G. BAGNOL, RM, RN,

MAN

First Examiner

Second Examiner

OFELIA C. LARIEGO, RN, MAN

Dean, College of Nursing Education

May 2013

ABSTRACT

We all know that discontinuing education

is one of the most widespread social issue or

concern which is common especially in our

country because of increasing population but

less school accessibility within the poor



families. This research aimed to discover and

describe the lived experience on the quality

of life among out of school youth in Barangay

Arroyo Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City.

The research study utilized is qualitative

design which uses the phenomenological type

approach which is the Colaizzi’s method that

aims to analyze and interpret the gathered

data. The researchers interviewed ten (10)

participants with the research questionnaire

or interview guide.

The study revealed that having no enough

money caused them to stop their studies with

variety reasons of family’s standing and

experiences encountered. Then, out of school

youth found out alternative ways of earning

money. In terms of plans in life, pursuing to

continue education is the main desire to be

fulfilled by most out of school youth in

preparation of their future. Indeed, out of

school youth also looking out a better job for

their own good and their family.

It is recommended that there should be

another study that will be conducted for the

assessment and evaluation among former out of

school youth who already go back to their



study in order to determine more the

comparisons and their lived experiences.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their thanks

to the following persons who contributed to the study:

the selected out of school youth in Barangay Arroyo

Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City who took time to be

interviewed with honesty and sincerity as the researchers

have taken their efforts to make the study possible.

To their respected Barangay Captain of the said

research location, Barangay Captain Joel A. Santes and

the Barangay Purok Leader Angie who permitted us to

conduct the study and helped, accommodated, allowed the

researchers in reaching out the research participants.



The researchers would also like to extend their

sincerest gratitude to their research adviser Prof.

Doreza A. Mamburam, RN, MAN; to their panel members Prof.

Rexie G. Bagnol, RM, RN, MAN and Prof. Allan Ramo, RN,

MAN; to their validators: Prof. Evangeline Guinto, DSD,

Prof. Arlene D. Layupan, RN, MAN, Prof. Dennis C.

Padernilla, RN, MAN; to their new research coordinator

Prof. Rexie G. Bagnol, RM, RN, MAN for giving us some

ideas and inputs in reviewing and facilitating in the

finalization of this research; and to the Dean of College

of Nursing Education, Dean Ofelia C. Lariego, RN, MAN for

the permission to conduct this research study as she has

made her support available in number of ways.

To the researcher’s friends and classmates,

especially Mr. Jefferson S. Francisco, Ms. Mae Amor O.

Laguesma, Ms. Mariel Risonar who encouraged and helped

them in the process of making this research study.

To the researchers’ parents: Mr. and Mrs. Celedonio;

Mr. and Mrs. Elorza; Mr. and Mrs. Guerra and their loved



ones who financed and for giving love and support as they

deserved.

And above all, the researchers are offering this

research to God- the Savior as the ultimate source of

wisdom and everything with bottom line of dedication of

this research study. Without Him, this research is of no

use and in vain for He indeed showered the researchers

with priceless blessings of knowledge or wisdom and both

material and immaterial provision.

P. B. B. C.

S. L. E.

R. B. G.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page 1

Approval Sheet 2

Abstract 3

Achnoledgement 4

Table of Contents 6

CHAPTER

I. The Problem and Review of Related Literature

Background of the Study 8

Review of Related Literature 11

Theoretical Framework 13

Conceptual Framework 17



Significance of the Study 20

Definition of Terms 23

Significance of the Study 23

Scope and Limitations 24

II. Methodology

Research Design 25

Research Participants 25

Instrumentation 26

Research Environment 26

Data Gathering Procedures 28

Data Analysis Tool 29

III. Results and Discussion 34

IV. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary 56

Conclusion 57

Recommendation 58

REFERENCES 63

APPENDICES 65



CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Background of the Study



Everyone knows that education is the key to success.

No one can deny the fact that education is the most

crucial thing for bringing change or transformation in

the lives of an individual. It is said to be the basic

foundation of learning and major contributing factor of

developing and growing which leads the individual to full

maturity or self-actualization. As defined by others, it

has been universally recognized as the most powerful tool

for gearing up the socio-economic state and development

of the nation. Yes, it’s true! For instance, it has the

big impact to society that greatly affects one’s own

living by molding someone who he/she wants to be. As life

still goes on, theprocess of learning is still unlimited

that’s why pursuing education would be a big help to

become fully educated or literate with all the knowledge,

skills, and learning for one’s own development for the

preparation of the desirable future. But why there were

young ones who decided to discontinue education when it’s

said to be the basic thing that one needs for own good

and for the nation’s progress? This would harbour them to



difficultyin finding job without any proper

qualifications from education basis.

This research study is targeted to the young ones

who were no longer at school or just had stopped studying

as they said to be the ‘out of school youth’ who could be

considered as those vulnerable ones who have vital needs.

Since, out of school youth has been already rampant in

our country today which affects the degradation of the

progress of the society, we the researchers decided to

conduct the study for us to know and discover what are

the predisposing reasons or circumstances and the lived

experiences on the quality of life among out of school

youth. This is for us to see how education is distinctly

important as investment in education serves as vital for

human’s empowerment, own resource development, and the

enhancement of the quality of manpower.

There are approximately 71 million out-of-school

adolescents of lower secondary school age excluded from

any level of education. The majority are found in South

and West Asia (40%) and sub-Saharan Africa (30%). These



two regions account for a combined total of 70% of all

out-of-school adolescents in this age group. Significant

numbers also exist in East Asia and the Pacific (15%)

and, to a lesser extent, the Arab States (6%). This is in

sharp contrast to Latin America and the Caribbean,

Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, as well as

North America and Western Europe, where the number of

out-of-school adolescents for each region contributes 3%

or less to the global total (UNESCO Institute for

Statistics database, 2009).

There were 5.3 million out-of-school youth in the

Philippines. For this survey, out-of school youth

includes children aged 6 to 14 who are not attending

school and persons aged 15 to 24 who are not attending

school, have not finished any college course and are not

currently employed. In the National Capital Region, out-

of-school youth comprised 12.7 percent of the population

aged 6 to 24. In general, the proportion of individuals

who are out-of-school was higher among those aged 15 to

24 years than among those aged 6 to 14 years. Except CAR,



the proportion of out-of-school youth aged 15 to 24

ranged from 14.7 percent to 22.8 percent. For individuals

aged 6 to 14, it ranged from 3.6 percent to 11.8 percent,

excluding ARMM with a high percentage of 24.3 percent. In

terms of sex, the proportion of out-of-school youth is

higher among females than among males in all regions

(Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey,

2008).

There were 16% or 6.24 million of the total, 39

million Filipino with 6 to 24 years old are out-of-school

youths (OSY). The government defines an OSY as someone

who is not attending formal school and/or not gainfully

employed in the case of youths aged 18 to 24 who have not

finished college or even a technical-vocational course.

The government report further states that the primary

reason given by OSYs for not attending school is the high

cost of education, followed by lack of personal interest.

One out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an

out-of-school youth (OSY). This translates to about 16

percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age



bracket, or 6.24 million people, the NSO said in a report

released last week. It said that among the main reasons

cited by both males and females for not attending school

were “lack of personal interest,” “high cost of

education,” and “looking for work.” According to the

office, the term OSY refers to family members six to 17

years old who are not attending a formal school as well

as family members 18 to 24 years old who are currently

out of school, not gainfully employed and had not

finished college or a post-secondary course (Annual

Poverty Indicators Survey, 2010).

According to Philippine Daily Inquirer (2012), one

out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an out-

of-school youth (OSY), according to the 2010 Annual

Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National

Statistics Office (NSO). This translates to about 16

percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age

bracket, or 6.24 million people, the NSO said in a report

released last week. It said that among the main reasons

cited by both males and females for not attending school



were “lack of personal interest,” “high cost of

education,” and “looking for work.” The term OSY refers

to family members six to 17 years old who are not

attending a formal school as well as family members 18 to

24 years old who are currently out of school, not

gainfully employed and had not finished college or a

post-secondary course.

It is by education why everyone aims to pursue it as

it serves as the basis or the proof of one’s own

capability especially in engaging or applying something

just like in employment matters. Thus, education serves

as the most wonderful and immaterial possession or wealth

that can’t be taken away from others, the best tool to

prepare a brighter future.

Literature Review

The purpose of this section is to provide a summary

of readings and a review of related literature and

studies that will help to support and justify the said

problem. It will also assist us in the development of



data to qualify the phenomenological study and to

establish the significance of the topic. A series of

research studies were presented here to understand more

about the various factors and lived experiences on the

quality of life among out of school youth.

Out of school youth refers to family members 6 to 17

years old who are not attending formal school and family

members 18 to 24 years old who are currently out of

school, not gainfully employed and have not finished

college or post-secondary course. Among the regions,

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao has the highest

percentage of OSYs of about 24 percent of the population

aged 6 to 24 years, followed by Davao (19%) and Caraga

and Central Luzon, with 18 percent each. Cordillera

Administrative Region has the lowest percentage of OSYs

(10%). The proportion of OSYs among females is higher

than among males (17% and 14%, respectively) (Annual

Poverty Indicators Survey, 2010).

Rejection

Sacrifice



Insufficient Money

No own House

Conflict

The combination of a youth bulge and failures in education represent a serious threat to the future development of many African countries. Education systems are simply not providing the youth with the skills they need to escape poverty – worse still, many are left out of the system altogether. And the situation in countries affected by conflict is even worse (Wongani Grace Nkhoma, 2012).

Own Choice

Loss of Interest

Overcrowded classrooms are common with class sizesaveraging almost 45 students. The education system is hampered by inadequate teacher training programs and adeclining per capita expenditure. Dropout rates in basiceducation are high, whole completion rates are low. Theseproblems are particularly acute in the conflict-affectedareas of Mindanao, where there are as many school-agechildren and youth who are out of school as those inschool (Jerry E. Esplanada,2011).

Good Parents

Family Members

With this drop-outs more and more young Filipino get out of

school and the distant parents do not have any idea that their

children are already in the wrong path (Sage, 2011).

http://globalnation.inquirer.net/byline/jerry-e-esplanada

http://www.osisa.org/users/wongani-grace-nkhoma



Family member’s work

Peer influence

Some common reasons why children and teens drop out are there bad

peers. Bad pressure from their bad peers that would influence

them are most likely: premarital sex [or even sex between

minors], under-age drinking liquor, drugs of any kind (marijuana,

cocaine, shabu etc.), self-mutilation, even hygiene practices

that are potentially unhealthy or harmful, like eating habits

that lead to disorders, vandalism, theft, bullying, and

pornography (Sage, 2011).

The environment of the learner has also an impact because

students are discourage to go to schools because of terrorism

like in some parts of Mindanao where class days are being stop

for the fight between the soldiers and rebels adding to that is

the kidnapping of teachers (Sage, 2011).

Tambay

Hobbies Activity

Child labor refers to the illegal employment of children below 18

years old in hazardous occupations. Under-age children are being

forced to manual Labor to help their families mainly due to

poverty. About 2.06 million children all around the Philippines

are compelled to do Labor, such as in crop plantations, mining



caves, rock quarries and factories (Sage, 2011).

Lifestyle

Vice is a practice or a habit considered immoral, depraved,

and/or degrading in the associated society (Wikipidea). Vices are

like bad habits or addictions that is always considered as too

much for a person (Sage, 2011).

Happiness

Life’s Changes

Regret

Job searchings

In all, there are now 30 million real unemployedAmericans -- not just the 15 million "officially" beingcounted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics -- and they areall entitled to every reasonable public, private, 'public& private', and organized labor-based effort to find thememployment. But we know that a jobless recovery can seemeven more "jobless" to some out-of-work Americans thanothers, and right now it is our nation's AfricanAmericans, Latinos, blue collar males with high schooldiplomas and older workers who are facing much higherunemployment rates than other Americans (Leo Hindery,Jr., 2010).

One of the greatest opportunities for the out-of-schoolunemployed youth and even many older unemployed workers,



however, will always be found in apprentice programs.That same 2010 report from the OECD lauded such programsfor allowing young workers to acquire much needed skillsand work experience. It pointed out, as an example, thatGermany, which has a long and proud history of high-quality apprentice programs, has an almost unbelievablelow ratio of youth unemployment to adult unemployment ofonly 1.5 to 1, compared to 2.8 to 1 across the entiretyof the OECD including the U.S. (Leo Hindery, Jr., 2010).

According to “The High Cost of High School Dropouts,

What the Nation Pays for Inadequate High Schools”, Issue

Brief, Alliance for Excellent Education, October 2007,

almost seven thousand students dropout from school every

day. Annually, it is estimated that up to 1.2 million

students will not graduate from high school with their

peers. Nearly one-third of all public high school

students, and nearly one half of all African Americans,

Hispanics and Native Americans, fail to graduate from

public high school with their class (Nelson Acquilano,

2008).

http://suite101.com/nelson-acquilano



The ongoing economic crisis has negatively affected

the livelihoods of millions of Americans. According the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), the unemployment

rate is 8.3 percent as of January 2012. Despite the data

showing a decline of 0.2 percent from December 2011, the

unemployment rate is still high by all accounts, having

doubled since the beginning of the recession in December

2007. U.S. Census Bureau data shows that the U.S. poverty

rate rose to 15.1 percent (46.2 million) in 2010, an

increase from 14.3 percent (approximately 43.6 million)

in 2009 and the highest level since 1993. In 2008, 13.2

percent (39.8 million) Americans lived in relative

poverty. In 2000, the poverty rate for individuals was

12.2 percent and for families was 9.3 percent. In 2010,

the poverty threshold, or poverty line, was $22,314 for a

family of four. Over 15 percent of the population fell

below this threshold in 2010. The percentage of people in

deep poverty was 13.5 percent of all Blacks and 10.9

percent of all Hispanics, compared to 5.8 percent of

Asians and 4.3 percent of Whites. While non-Hispanic



Whites still constitute the largest single group of

Americans living in poverty, ethnic minority groups are

overrepresented (27.4 percent African American; 28.4

percent American Indian and Alaskan Native; 26.6 percent

Hispanic, and 12.1 percent Asian and Pacific Islander

compared with 9.9 percent non-Hispanic White). These

disparities are associated with the historical

marginalization of ethnic minority groups and entrenched

barriers to good education and jobs (American

Psychological Association, 2013).

According to Philippine Daily Inquirer (2012), there

are 5.59 million child laborers toiling in the

Philippines and almost all of them are working in

hazardous conditions, according to a survey financed by

the International Labor Organization (ILO). The 2011

Survey on Children conducted by the National Statistics

Office (NSO) showed that out of the 29.019 million

Filipino children aged 5-17 years old, about 18.9 percent

or 5.59million, were already working. Of those 5.59

million children at work, 3.028 million were considered

http://www.apa.org/about/contact/copyright/index.aspx

http://www.apa.org/about/contact/copyright/index.aspx



as child laborers and 2.993 million were reported to be

exposed to hazardous child labor. The government had

identified 609 of the country’s poorest municipalities

and was targeting 80 barangays (villages) that had the

highest incidence of child labor. She also pointed out

that the survey showed that 69.5 percent of child

laborers, or 2.106 million, were attending school.

Most of these times, there were many former students who

just suddenly stopped in their studies because of their

economic concerns within the family.

Theoretical Framework

This section provides the following theories that

will help to guide us in relation to the research which

would be applicable to the participant’s experience and

overall conducted research study.

Hildegard Peplau’s contributions to nursing in

general and to the specialty of psychiatric nursing in

particular have been enormous. She promoted professional

standards and regulations through credentialing. Ppeplau



identified the following four phases of the nurse-patient

relationship which are orientation, identification,

exploitation, and resolution. She also proposed the six

nursing roles which are being the stranger, resource

person, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor. In

relation to our study, two out of these nursing roles can

were applied during the conduction of our study. In the

very first place, having an interview of the out of

school youth is our main goal to gather data for our

research study. One of the goals we had is to discover

and know what their concerns are since they stopped their

studying. At first, in doing the interview, we as the

researches considered to be strangers to them because

they don’t have any idea what we are going to do and why

we will interview them in such. So, in dealing with them,

it’s very important that rapport must be built in the

first phase. Later on, as we go on the interview with the

built rapport and gained trust, we let them express their

feelings and concerns about their situation and life’s

status as what they verbalized. By that, we serve to be



their counsellors, listening well to them and assessing

them. Generally, the most important core to be applied

and remained by the nursing students or nurses in the

future is to remain judgmental and respect their

feelings, opinions, and testimonies.

The study was anchored to the Environmental theory

by Florence Nightingale. She states that nursing is an

act of using the environment of the client to aid in his

recovery that involves critical thinking to configure

environmental settings that are appropriate for the

gradual healing of the patient, and that extrinsic

factors associated with the client’s surroundings which

may affect life or biologic and physiologic processes and

his development. In relation to this study, out of school

youth’s environment is not appropriate and conducive

because students are discourage to go to school because

of any factors that being influenced with the

environmental aspects that also include the

neighbourhoods or peer influence.



Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System model springs

from Nightingale’s belief that nursing’s goal is to help

individuals prevent and recover from disease or injury.

Johnson reported that the Behavioral System model was

based on a pre-existent body from a philosophical

perspective. She also contributes about facilitating

effective behavioural functioning in the patient before,

during, and after illness. She used concepts from other

disciplines such as social learning, motivation, sensory

stimulation, adaptation, behavioural modifications,

change process, tension and stress to expand her theory

for the practice of nursing.

In relation to our study, those important things

being above were applicable to the out of school youth as

our participants. As we are in the process of interview,

they are expressing their feelings and concerns towards

changes and accustomed living or adaptation. Somehow,

they regretted why they stopped their studying. By that,

motivation to them from the teachers especially from the

family or the other people around must be implemented.



Some of the participants also conveyed about behavioural

modification or have a change in their self to change

their life and living as it affects their social

learning. These were really the things what they

supposedly desired to have and want to be.

Dorothea Orem’s theory on the other hand is more

concerned about Self-care Deficit theory of Nursing.

According to Orem, individuals, families, groups, and

communities need to be taught self care. It is defined as

goal oriented activities that are set towards generating

interest in the part of the client to maintain life and

health development. The theory is aimed towards making

the clients perform self care activities in order to live

independently. Self-care, according to Orem is defined as

an activity that promotes a person’s well-being. It is

performed by persons who are aware of the time frames on

behalf of maintaining life, continuing development and a

health functional living. In relation to our study,

Orem’s theory is very significant since it focuses on

activities that adult individuals perform on their own



behalf to maintain life, health, and wellbeing. Poverty

is one of the reason why out of school youth are very

rampant, eventhough the education is free. Many youth

still cannot afford to go to school due to lack of

essential needs like bags, notebooks, paper, etc.

Unfortunately, they cannot even provide for their own

belongingness for their self especially when they become

sick, how much more to brought some stuff for their

education. There focus is just to search food in order to

live. So by that, there’s self-care deficit in acquiring

things or the basic needs that even what the out of

school youth experienced. Self-care is very important to

individuals not just the youth itself but for others, but

because of poverty, self care deficit results from

inadequate self care needs.

Another theory is Adaptation model by Sister

Callista Roy. According to Roy’s theory, the model

provides a way of thinking about people and their

environment that is useful in any setting. It helps one

prioritize care and challenges the nurse to move the

ENTERING INTO THE PHENOMENON

PHENOMELOGICAL PERCEPTION

HUSSERLAIN PHENOMENOLOGICAL

REDUCTION

COLAIZZI PHENOMENOLOGICAL

DESCRIPTION

OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH



patient from survival to transformation. Callista Roy’s

theory is related to our study, because as we all know

that each of us should encounter going to school, gain

some friends and adapt to new environment. Being an

individual, it is important that we could easily have the

ability to cope to the changes in our lives. However, we

can say that laziness is one factor that out of school

youth experiencing today because of lack of desire and

especially lack of motivation from their parents and

colleagues. In the first place, the nurse must promote

physiologic, psychological and social functioning or

adaptation to the participants.

Research Paradigm: Conceptual Framework

Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations

SENSE OF PERCEPTION BRACKETING Pure

Consciousness

SENSE PERCEIVED

CO-PERCEIVED



Figure 1. Conceptual Model: A Lived Experience on the

Quality of Life among Out of School Youth with Colazzi’s

Method of Data Analysis.

The model showed above (Figure 1) displays the

course to picture out how we took an adequate step

deriving the phenomenon especially with our research

study which deals about the lived experiences on the

quality of life among out of school youth. In the very



first place, we had to enter the actual phenomenon for us

to understand it clearly and completely. During the

process of entering into the phenomenon, we encountered

the appearance directly through engaging with the sense

in the process of perception. With that process, we used

the phenomenological perception which refers to our

senses such as the sense of sight, hearing, and touching.

Perception implies using those senses that were applied

to gain attention and full concentration for the output

of gathering data from the interview. As these

perceptions were used during the course of the process of

obtaining data, this serves as the insight or the sense

perception in this study. Both the perceived and the co-

perceived are the sense perceptions consisted in the

phenomenon. Using direct observation, what was heard,

seen, and felt are termed as the perceived data since to

perceive is to become aware of it. Perception obtained

fromthe insights we gained by mean of using our senses.

Opinions and formulated ideas of meeting those selected

out of school youth, and judgment appeared during the



encounter prior to the interview as they played

basketball where that observed is called our co-

perceived. To be able to perceive or conceptualize an

example of what is sense perceived would be during the

encounter of our participant who just sat somewhere with

blond hair (bystander) or the so called ‘tambay’. It was

been observed through using direct observation with the

sense of sight and hearing. The co-perceived part would

be when we create an assumption that the person is no

longer studying or was been out of school and

hypothetically considered as one of the members of

‘budots’ as reflected of being a bystander.

We had classified our own sense of perception to be

able to gather data purely and completely regarding the

out of school youth. We also classified our own theory,

opinions or own ideas and concepts that would help to

apply in the phenomenon. These would help us to bracket

all our assumptions and perceptions regarding the out of

school youth.



Then the phenomenological description comes after

phenomenological reduction took place and to be able to

achieve this, every data acquired needs to be analyzed

properly. We are going to employ or use the seven steps

of analytic process by Colazzi’s. This would bring big

benefit to us as the researchers as it helps to meet our

goal in achieving meaningful description related the

phenomenon involved- the lived experiences of the out of

school youth in the quality of life.

So much for that, we used this theory of Hildegard

Peplau as applicable during obtaining data or actual

interview. In her core of theory, she taught

psychodynamic nursing and stressed the importance of the

nurse’s ability his or her own behaviour to help others

identify perceived difficulties. She emphasized the six

nursing roles which are stranger, resource person,

teacher, leader, surrogate, counselor upon having an

interaction of the nurse-client relationship. One of it

was been also applied as it said to be the researcher-

participant relationship foronly research study purposes.



Upon looking out our participants, we met the two of them

who showed shynessto be asked or interviewed upon. By

that action, it implies about being a strangers upon

meeting them. But throughout the duration of meeting

them, introduction until establishing rapport was gained.

The researchers had preconceptions on the meaning of the

problematic situation then able to understand the nature

of the problem. The participant participated well as they

responded consistently and shared concerns and their

common goals.

Hence, Peplau identified the four psychobiological

experiences that compel destructive or constructive

responses which are the needs, frustrations, conflicts,

and anxieties which the sense of needs felt by the

participant was directly observed by the researchers.

The arrow pointing to Peplau’s Theory of

Interpersonal Relations illustrates that the result of

this study will be used to inform and guide nursing

research, education, practice, and healthy policy using

this theory. The arrow going back to the out of school



youth illustrates that nursing as a discipline and

profession will use the result of the study for the

benefits of the selected out of school youth

participants.

Research Question:

The purpose of this study is to examine out of

school youth current daily living and to explore their

lived experiences on their quality of life. The research

question that guided this research study is:

What are the lived experiences among out of school

youth on the quality of life today?

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to discover and describethe lived

experience on the quality of life among out of school

youth in Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao

City. This is to describe the experiences of stop going

to school or not pursuing to continue the studies among

the young people in the said place.



TheDepartment of Educationis the government institution

which is responsible for ensuring access to, promoting

equity in, and improving the quality of basic

education.This is to provide quality basic education that

is equitably accessible to all and lays the foundation

for life-long learning and service for the common

good.This study is more focused to those ones who

preferably stopped their studies or what we called as the

‘out of school youth’. Since the problem to them is about

education, not continuing their studies, it must be

concerned to this department that out of school youth

must be given a way or privilege to go back with their

studies.

The Department of Social Welfare and Developmentis a

government institution responsible for the protection of

social welfare rights and promotion of social

development. It is a government institution that handles

matters of social welfare especially those who need the

proper care and attention. Their main focus is to protect

the children from any societal problems that could harm



them and free from violence especially those out of

school youth.Those out of school youth who had a single

parent or no longer parents at all will be referred to

this institution. They must be actively observed as peer

influence like engaging unpleasant activities

particularly having a riot and others would be the social

problems among the youth encountered today which could

lead them to negative track.In this government

institution, special care and attention must be carefully

provided that they will be taken care of well and be

properly guided.

The Department of Health is the institution which deals

about the care of health of each individual. Their task

is to help the young people/adolescents in avoiding

unhealthy habits and activities to maintain a normal life

and promote a healthy living. This institution plays a

big role on how to assess and evaluate those young people

who no longer at school in determining with their daily

activities as proper counseling would help them to

resolve their personal problems.



So, this department will help to know and be aware

about the concerns of the out of school youth today with

their lived experiences on the quality of life in terms

of many aspects: physical, developmental, psychological,

social, emotional, mental, spiritual, and in

socioeconomic status. Usually, they engaged in many

unhealthy activities like smoking cigarettes and drinking

alcohol which still concern in the scope of nursing and

health care. Relevant information will be testified or

expressed by the research respondents/participants who

greatly affect them in many ways.

The UNICEF(NGO)is the private institution which seeks

to help those powerless and problematic community to

support and provide what the community needs as their

domain. Since, they can help the residents in the

community, the out of school youth can be also referred

to them about the problem occurred and seeking out any

better solutions for support to resolve the existing

problems in the certain community.



The Local Government Unit (LGU) is the government

institution whichconcerns about the health, safety

and the advancement of the public good or welfare as

affecting the public generally.So this agency could

possibly coordinate to the Barangay Health Workers to

solve out the phenomenon in the community. When

exercising governmental powers and performing

governmental duties, it also seeks to obtain special

corporate benefits or earn pecuniary profit and intended

for private advantage and benefit.

Our research study has to involve the positive and

negative experiences of those young people/adolescents

who stopped studies with the referral of this national

government. It acts as an agent of the community in the

administration of local affairs when engage in any

corporate activities. Discontinuing of education is still

a big problem and issue in today’s generation which

attention and better solution must be provided, sorting

our necessary things that are much needed in order to

resolve it.



TheBarangay Health Workers (BHWs), the health care

providers particularly the community organizerswould help

to assess the problem of the residents specifically to

young people who engage any of the health concerns just

like smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. They would

be similarly coordinated with the Department of Health as

they are in contact with the other health care team.

Through them, better solutions with immediate action that

are appropriate to them must be carried out as they

linked with other health care organizations. They may

help to motivate and convincethose out of school youth to

go back to school for studies with the rendering proper

nursing interventions/management indicated, health

teachings that are needed, and proper counseling which

help in solving the existing problem.

The researcherswill have anopportunity to critically

understand the situations or deepen their understanding

with the lived experience regarding the quality of life

among out of school youth. For instance, this study will

help them to augment, analyze, and interpret the data



obtained on what they had experience that greatly affects

to their quality of life.

Definition of Terms

The terms used in the study are defined

operationally as follows:

Lived Experience. This is an individual’s actual experience in

a daily life basis.

Quality. The characteristic of something that is special in

person or thing with the degree or level of excellence

that apt to maintain a certain standard of quality in a

process particularly in life.

Life.It is the state of being alive with the ability to

grow and function well in multidimensional aspects or

complex life settings.

Out ofSchoolYouth. This is a term being referred to a person

that is not capable of entering school for many reasons

such as lack of interest or financial problems.

Statement of the Problem



The main reason of this study is to discover and

describewhat are the lived experiences on the quality of

life among out of school youth living in Barangay Arroyo

Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City. Some may tend to

engage any kind of negative outdoor activities that could

bring out one of the latest society’s concern and issue

today. That’s why, this study would help us to discover

and know their lived experiences since the moment they

were out of school. This is alsofor us to see how the

youth living today or what are their daily experiences.

Aside from that, it also helps us to interpret how being

not in school bringsimpact that affect the young people

today on their quality of life.

What are the lived experiences among out of school

youth on their quality of today?

Scope and Limitation

This research study from the UM nursing students

will confine in the selected community or area at the

lower part of Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina Crossing,



Davao City. The study was primarily focused and limited

to the out of school youthparticularly 10targeted

participants inBarangay Arroyo, MatinaCrossing, Davao

City. This study will commence from March to May 2013

at 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. that includes assessing the

experiences and discovering feelingsof the

participants with their daily activities in life.The

study willbe based on the data obtained from the

interviewwith the responses of the participants. The data

would be gathered from having an actual interview will be

analyzed and interpreted and kept in confidentiality.



CHAPTER II

METHODS

This chapter presents research design of the study,

research respondents, instrumentation, research

environment, data gathering procedures, and data analysis

tool.

Research Design

The study used is a qualitative phenomenological

approach usingColaizzi’s Phenomenological method that

helps to describe, analyze, and interpret data gathered

from the interview about thelived experience on the

quality of life out of school youth in today’s generation

in the said barangay. With the use of the research

questionnaire, this intends to answer questions about the

experiences of the youth on the quality of life who were

no longer at school or had stopped studying.

The said technique, the Phenomenology

descriptiontechnique with Colaizzi’smethod was used to



conduct the study wherein the status and responses of the

participants were carefully considered, described,

analyzed, interpreted, and justified.

Research Participants

In this study, the researchers used purposive

sampling that the youth or young people living in

Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City

were interviewedas the process was going on with building

a rapport first. Then, they were asked directly with the

providedquestions. The Purok leader and her son serve as

our key informants who helped us to permit in conducting

this research study and find those targeted

participants.Her son has guided us looking out the out of

school youth in their area.Then, the researchers kept the

participant’s information that obtained to

confidentiality.

Instrumentation



The research instruments that the researchers used

for this study are the researchers’ proposed question

(questionnaire or interview guide) and the voice recorder

(cellular phones) for the interview and the informed

consent.

The questionnaire or interview guide is a

researcher-made instrument that was constructed with the

help of the adviser, professor and validators who were

expert in research and environmental studies.

The purpose of using the questionnaire or interview

guide with such degree of structure is to ensure

comparability and collection of the responses that would

be given to facilitate analysis. The items were

enumerated and the participants answeredthe provided

questionnaireor interview guide through verbalization

from the interview procedure with the corresponding

questions that are true to them.

The voice recorders (cellular phones) that are being

used helpedto facilitate the necessity of writing the



verbalizations of the participants during the conduction

of the interview.

The informed consent was also given and provided to

the Barangay Captain, Purok Leader, and to the selected

participants for the conduction of this research study.

Research Environment

The study was conducted among the out of school

youth or young peoplewho livedat Barangay Arroyo

Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City. The interview was

conducted lower part of the said research location

particularly in the basketball court.Along with the area,

there are two sari-sari stores beside the Purok Leader’s

Residence. The researchers seek the targeted participants

near the Purok leader’s house which is located nearly in

the basketball court. Upon conducting the research study,

the interview was conducted or implemented in the

basketball court as our targeted participants (out of

school youth) used it to be their hang-out place.

Purok Leader’s Residence

Sari-Sari Store

RRR

P

Sari-Sari Store

Chair Table

R- ResearcherP- Participant



Figure 2. Research Location: Barangay Arroyo

Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao City

LEGEND:



Figure 3. Seating Arrangement: Interview

Implementation

This diagram presents how the nursing researchers

conducted the interview with their targeted participants.

So, in the leftside of the basketball court, the

researchers prepared a table and chairs and arranged it

with this set-up for the interview.The participant seated

opposite to the two researchers and side of the one

researcher where the researchers seated. Upon the

interview, the participant is facing toward the

researchers with the table in the middle of them. Some

participants used to move in one area of the seating

arrangement for their convenience.

Data Gathering Procedures

The following are the steps that the researchers had

been chase in conducting the study.

1. Seeking permission to conduct the study



1.1 The researchers secured a letter of permission

with the approval of the panel to gain consent to

conduct a study.

1.2 The researchers asked for a letter of

permission and formulated a letter addressed to

Dean of College of Nursing, Ofelia C. Lariego, RN,

MAN requesting for approval to conduct this study.

1.3 Obtained endorsement for the letter of

permission from the Barangay Captain Joel A.

Santes to conduct this study in the selected area.

1.4 Asked permission or consent of participants.

The researchers asked consent to the participants

to conduct the research by letting them to sign

the inform consent.

2. Formulating the questions for the research questionnaire or interview

guide

2.1 The researchers formulated questions indicated

to the target research participants in order to

provide a supportive questionnaire or interview

guide.



3. Validation of the formulated questions

3.1The researchers seek the assigned validators

for the validation of the formulated questions

which may provide as an instrument or tool in

order to conduct the research study.

4. Conduct the Interview

4.1 The researchers went to the chosen area to

conduct the study which is at the lower part of

Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina Crossing, Davao

City, bringing the research questionnaire or

interview guide and the voice recorders (cellular

phones).

4.2 The researchers actually or personally

approached the targeted research participants, the

10 out of school youthwho are living atthe said

area provided with the inform consent and letting

them to sign it.

Data Analysis Tool

Acquiring Verbatim (Transcripts)

Formulating Meaningsings

Organizing the Formulated Meanings into Clusters of Themes

Extracting Significant Statements

PURE CONSCIOUSNESS



To be able to analyze the data and information

gathered from the research participants during the

interview, we used thePhenomenology description technique

which helps us to widen or expand our understanding about

the study. This method would help and assist us in

analyzing and organizing the data gathered, extracting it

from their verbatim then getting the significant

statements until the formulation of meanings to come out

with the relevant and appropriate themes, and to discuss

with asset of narrative data or exhaustive description.

The study was carefully conducted from having such

phenomenon with multiple responses or verbatim and

perceptions of the participants that be related to their

actual experiences in their life.

Colaizzi’s Research Diagram

Organizing the Formulated Meanings into Clusters of Themes

Returning to Exhaustive Description for Validation

SENSE PERCEIVED

SENSE PERCEIVED

Exhaustive Description of the PhenomenonCO-PERCEIVED

Organizing the Clustered Themes and Integrating the Results

(Emergence of Themes)



Figure 4.Illustration of descriptive Phenomenological

method process of data analysis created by Colazzi

(1978).

Colaizzi’s Seven-Step Method of Data Analysis



1. Acquiring Verbatim (Transcript)

This is the first step which the researchers made

sense of the research study or acquiring feeling for the

protocols by acquiring verbatim or gathering the

transcripts. This is about getting the information or

responses from the interview which adheres gaining a

sense of the whole content of the collected data

gathered. The researchers read and reviewed those

transcripts several times to extract significant

statements.

2. Extracting significant statements

With this second step of data analysis,the

significant statements and phrases taken from the

original transcripts with common information during the

interview were being extracted and clustered together to

formulate meanings with analysis and interpretation.Upon

acquiring the verbalizations and transcriptions of the



participants, we identified 160 significant statements

from their verbatim.

3. Formulating meanings

This is the third step in which the extracted

significant statements from the original transcriptions

were formulated with meanings. Upon formulating it with

meanings, the data or information gathered from the

interviewas well as the significant statements are being

read again and were given inputs by analyzing until

formulateits own meanings. It is how we try to spell out

the meaning of each significant statement provided.

4. Organizing the clusters of themes

When we’re done formulating of meanings from the

basis of significant statements, we again formulated it

or summed up it into themes that are indicated and

correspond to the participant’soriginal verbatim. In

such, this step aims to organize or categorizethosesummed

up themes that werecollected or formulated to be



integrated with another final theme to be called as the

subject of concerns from the gathered data that is being

emerged as a whole.

5. Integration of results/Emergence of Themes

After formulating the overall theme, this step aims

to integrate and combine or compile the results of the

gathered data from formulated meanings until clustering

of themes that are still extractedto come up a subject of

concern into one. The goal of this step is to determine

the viewpoints of the clustered themes that are going to

be integrated in order to sum up a desired final theme

that is generalize and coincide to the phenomenon basing

from the original participant’s verbatim.

6. Exhaustive description

The results of the interview together with the

finalized results of the gathered data of this

investigated topic are needed to be converted and written

into exhaustive description. In this step, the



researchers are trying all possibilities with thorough

manner and understanding in order to identify its

fundamental structure. This is the last step of

extraction or emerging of the results to come out the

overall result or viewpoint of the study as a whole. The

researchers still re-read all of it to remain the

participant’s transcriptions untouched as original.

7. Validation

This is the final step and the very last step in

Colaizzi’s method of data analysis in which it seeks for

validation or verification of the research findings. In

this step, the researchers returned to the participants

at Barangay Arroyo Compound to validate the gathered data

with exhaustive description, asking them to verify the

accuracy of the descriptive results (exhaustive

description) that would besuit to their verbalizations

and testimonies and in line to their actual experiences.

If there would be new data obtained and revealedfrom

the participants during the validation, incorporationof

it into an exhaustive behaviour is very necessary as it



is said to be ‘exhausting’. In other words, we will

incorporate them into an exhaustive description.

CHAPTER III

RESULT AND DISCUSSION



This chapter highlights the presentation and data

analysis using the process of Colaizzi’s (1978) seven

step method that provides assistance in extracting,

organizing, and analyzing a set of narrative data to come

up with a result. It also covers the discussion on the

result of the study which would be presented and

interpreted with the following themes and headings.

Even though there were lot of existing research

studies about out of school youth, this research study

that was extended to conduct help to examine out of

school youth and explore their essence or their lived

experiences on their quality of life.

In order to gain meaning of the respondent’s

experiences regarding their lived experiences, the

researchers listened actively and thoroughly to each of

the verbalizations then were reviewed by the

audiorecordings of the respondents taken on several

occasions and read every transcript for several times.



There are four emergent themes from the analyses and

they were: (1) family uncertainty, (2) living

diversionary, (3) ‘nagla-um” (hoping).

Theme I: Family Uncertainty

This is the first theme we summed up into from the

participants’ original transcriptions that were given

with a particular meaning.

Most out of school youth participants implied having

uncertainty of the familyas they had their own reasons

and responses when they asked about the reasons why they

stop studying.

Cebuano:

“Wala nay moatiman sa akoa.” [A1]

“Atimado kaayo mi sauna, gagmay pa mi katong wala pa nagbulag

akong mama ug papa.Bulag naman akong mama ug papa.”[A2]

English:

No one would take good care of me.[A1]



We’re well taken care of before when we’re young,

when my mother and father didn’t split yet. My

parents are already separated. [A2]

Both participants revealed that their had parents

before had took good care of thembefore when they were

still present and when they didn’t split yet asthey asked

to describe the status of his family.

Cebuano:

“But-an man pud sila ug ginasuportahan mi.” [C2]

“Gina-atiman man pud mi ug tarong sa among mama.”[C4]

English:

They are kind and they supported us. [C2]

Our mother still took good care of us. [C4]

In contrast with the first statements of the

participants above, two of the participants expressed the

goodness of their parents as they were still took good

care no matterthe povertythey encountered.

Cebuano:

“Na-short sa budget mao ng wala ko nakatiwas ug eskwela. Walay

ikagasto tungod pud sa kalisod.” [A3]



“Tungod pud sa kalisod. Nakatesting gani ko ug pamakal o pangolekta

ug bakal sauna gikan ug NCCC aron makakita ug kwarta.” [A6]

“Problema sa pinansyal tungod sa kalisod.” [A8]

“Usahay nagkulang pud mi, kulang ang inkam dala sa kalisod.” [A9]

“Tungod pud sa pinansyal mao ng ming-undang ko ug eskwela, sa

kalisod sa panahon karon.” [A10]

“Kuan lang gud, ming-undang lang gud ko kay wala nay ikagasto sa

amoa.” [B3]

“Huna-huna ko nga moundang ug eskwela tungod pud sa kalisod.”

[B6]

English:

It is because of the shortage of budget that is why

I wasn’t able to continue my studies. There is no

enough money for the expenses due to difficulty or

poverty. [A3]

It is also because of the hardships. I even

experienced collecting metals before from NCCC Mall

to find money. [A6]

Financial problems due to poverty. [A8]



Sometimes we also lack of income due to poverty.

[A9]

It is also due to financial that’s why I stopped

studying, the difficulties of today’s age. [A10]

I just stopped because there’s no more enough money

for our expenses. [B3]

I thought of study cessation due to poverty. [B6]

However, the following participants shared also

about the impact and being affected by poverty as they

preferred to discontinue their studies.

Cebuano:

“Ako lang nagkumbinsi sa akong kaugalingon para moundang ug

eskwela.” [B1]

“Walay nag-ingon. Akong kaugalingon lang desisyon na mag-

undang.”[B2]

“Ako ra.” [B8]

“Ako lang.”[B9]

“Kaugalingong desisyon lang.” [B10]



English:

It was myself convinces to stop study. [B1]

No one told me. It’s only my own decision to stop.

[B2]

Only me. [B8]

Just me. [B9]

It’s only my own decision. [B10]

On the one hand, other participants conveyed

sacrifice with their voluntary decision when they asked

about who convinces them to stop their studies. Most of

them replied that it was their own choice or own

decision.

Cebuano:

“Gipauna nako akong kuya ug eskwela.” [A2]

“Pulihanay lang daw sa ate ug eskwela.” [A7]

“Kuan lang gud, ming-undang lang gud ko kay wala nay ikagasto sa

amoa.Walay motabang kay mama.Nagdesisyon pud ko ug undang

para makatabang sa akong mama, sa akong pamilya.”[B3]

English:



I let my older brother to study first. [A2]

Letting my older sister to finish studies first.

[A7]

I just stopped because there’s no more enough money

for our expenses. There’s no one will help my

mother.I also decided to stop so that I could help

my mother, my family. [B3]

Well in fact, other participants conveyed sacrifice

as they given up their studies because of their family’s

status and for the sake of their other

siblings.Additional transcription were expressed by the

participants above.

Cebuano:

“Driver sa jeep lang akong papa nga nagsuporta sa amo, 300 pesos

kada adlaw ang kita.” [C1]

“Walay trabaho akong mama, sa balay lng. Taxi driver akong

papa.Iyang makita kada adlaw kay 300 pesos.”[C2]

“Farmer lang akong mama nga modagan ug 17,000 pesos kada tulo

ka bulan ang kita.” [C4]

Beautician akong mama ug Security Guard akong papa. [C5]



“Naa lang sa balay si mama tapos driver lang pud si papa nga 300

pesos ang kita kada adlaw.” [C9]

“Pundo lang sa balay akong mama ug karpentero akong papa nga

3000 pesos kada bulan ang kita pag pakyaw.” [C10]

English:

My father who supported us is only a jeepney driver

which the income will run of 300-400 pesos everyday.

[C1]

My mother doesn’t have a work, just at home. My

father is a taxi driver; his income is 300 pesos

every day. [C2]

My mother is just a farmer that the income will run

to 17,000 pesos in three months. [C4]

My mother is a Beautician and my father is a

Security Guard. [C5]

My mother is only at home then my father is a driver

which his income will run to 300 pesos every day.

[C9]



My mother is just at home and my father is a

carpenter with the income of 3000 per month if it

will be taken all. [C10]

Moreover, most of the participantsalso opened

uptheir parents’ occupation when they were asked to as

the other factor of sacrificing their studies

whichintegrates to inadequate of money or gaining less

income.

Cebuano:

“Nagahilot ug nagabaligya lang ug bingka si mama para makakita ug

kwarta.”[C7]

“Naa lang mi tindahan, negosyo gamay, mga 500-1000 pesos ang

estimate sa kita sa isa ka bulan.Side walk vendor pud akong papa.”

[C8]

English:

She just used to massage and sell ‘bingka’ to earn money. [C7]

We just had a store, a small business which the income will run

estimate to 500-1000 pesos in one month. My father is also a side walk

vendor. [C8]



In addition, participantsC7 and C8 also shared their

parents’ business as their source of their income that is

not enough as expressed by them.

Cebuano:

“Trabaho lang sa fruit stand-durian, 150 pesos akong makita kada

adlaw. Nagbantay lang.”[F4]

“Akoa lang trabaho, helper ug panday nga 1,200 pesos ang

semana.”[G3]

“Bantay lang sa durian fruit stand, tindahan.” [G4]

“Mangita ko ug trabaho, usahay construction, tag 1,200 pesos ang

semana.” [G9]

English:

I just work in the durian fruit stand, 150 pesos is my only income every

day, keep the store. [F4]

Just my work, being a helper and carpenter that I make 1,200 pesos a

week. [G3]

I just keep watching the durian fruit stand, the store. [G4]

I used to look for a job with the construction sometimes with 1,200

pesos per week. [G9]



Aside from that, those particular participants above

sharedthat they have a temporary work as one of their

activities they daily did which serves as their

alternative way of earning money.

Cebuano:

“Dili nako malimtan kay akong trabaho.” [H3]

English:

I cannot forget was my work. [H3]

The experiences of the participants in their entire

life that were unforgettable also revealed that would

contribute to their family’s instability leading to

discontinuing their education.

Cebuano:

“Akong papa, wala naman.Naa ra sa balay akong mama, walay

trabaho.” [C3]

“Patay na pud akong papa.” [C4]

English:

My father is no longer with us. My mother was just

at home, no work at all. [C3]

My father is already dead. [C4]



The participants above also shared and opened-up

about theirfamily background or family structurethat

would affect their studies as they were asked to.

Perhaps, all participants were also asked about

thecomposition of their family or the number of their

family members which could reflect that they were many

members to be sustained and supplied in the whole family.

These participants are the following:

Cebuano:

“Upat mi ka igsoon, isa ka lalaki, ako, si papa, akong stepmother ug

igsoon nako sa akong papa.Pito mi tanan.” [D1]

“Pito mi ka magsoon, upat ka laki ug tulo ka baye.Siyam mi tanan sa

pamilya.” [D2]

“Lima mi ka igsoon, duha lalaki ug tulo babae. Duha naang naminyo,

tulo ang wala pa. Apil akong mama, unom mi tanan sa pamilya.”[D3]

“Upat mi ka igsoon, lalaki tanan. Kami na lang mga igsoon ug akong

mama ang nabilin.” [D4]

“Lima mi ka igsoon, tulo ka laki ug duha ka baye.Pito mi tanan apil

akong mama ug papa.” [D5]



“Unom mi kaigsoon, duha ka laki ug upat ka baye, dayon si mama ug

papa ug duha ka pagumang-kon.” [D6]

“Pito ka mag igsoon, duha ka lalaki, lima ka babaye.Ang ikaduha ug

ikatulo kay namatay.Unom mi tanan sa pamilya uban akong mama.”

[D7]

“Walo mi ka mag igsoon, upat ka laki ug upat ka baye.Napulo mi

tanan uban akong mama ug papa.” [D8]

“Lima mi ka igsoon, lalaki tanan.Pito mi tanan apil si mama ug

papa.” [D9]

“Upat mi nga anak, isa ka baye ug tulo ka laki.Unom mi tanan sa

pamilya.” [D10]

English:

We are four siblings, I am the only boy, my father,

my stepmother and my sibling in my father. We’re all

seven in the family. [D1]

We are seven siblings, four boys and three girls.

We’re all nine. [D2]



We’re five siblings, two boys and three girls . Two

of us got married, then three didn’t yet. Including

my mother, we’re all six in the family. [D3]

We’re four children, all boys. We, the siblings and

my mother only remained. [D4]

We’re all five siblings, three boys and two girls.

We’re all seven members in the family including my

mother and father. [D5]

We are all six siblings, two boys and four girls,

then my mother and father and two nephews. All in

all, we’re ten members in the family. [D6]

We’re seven siblings, two boys and five girls. The

second and third siblings were deceased.We’re all

six in the family together with my mother. [D7]

We’re all eight siblings, four boys and four girls.

All in all, we’re ten with my mother and father.

[D8]



We’re all five siblings, all boys. We’re all seven,

including my mother and father. [D9]

We are four children, one girl and three boys. We’re

all six in the family. [D10]

Another thing is their rank or position in their

family as a child that affect their obligations to carry

on when most of the participantshad sacrificed. As

expressed by these following participants:

Cebuano:

“Ikaduha ko sa managsoon.” [E1, E5, and E10]

“Ikaupat ko nga anak.”[E2, E3, and E8]

“Kinamagulangan ko nga anak.” [E4]

“Ikalima ko nga anak.” [E6 and E7]

“Ikatulo ko nga anak.”[E9]

English:

I ranked as second in my siblings. [E1, E5, and E10]

I am the fourth child. [E2, E3, and E8]



I am the eldest child. [E4]

I’m the fifth child. [E6 and E7]

I’m the third child [E9].

Then, mostof the participants were concerned about

conflict or quarrel they encountered within the family

and peers/friends and teacher as social environment could

also contributed to them as the other factor of

discontinuing education. This was expressed by the

following participants considering that conflict or

quarrelusually arises as the family’s unavoidable

disagreement or misunderstanding even toward the teacher.

This would reflect to be the background or the status of

their family. As expressed by these participants:

Cebuano:

“Away-away, kuya pagmaglagot, sige’g pangulata, way respeto sa

akong mama. Napul-an ko, dili kabalo magsabot akong mga igsoon.” [

A7]



“Tungod sa maestra nga gidaut ko, maulaw nako mosulod, moapil sa

mga klase. Gikumot nako ang dunggan sa maestra tapos gilaparo ko

niya.” [A10]

“Bulag naman akong mama ug papa.” [C1]

“Okay lang man mi, hapsay man. Usahay naay away-away.” [C2]

“Nagbulag man gud akong mama ug papa, mga five years na kay

tungod ‘chickboy’ akong papa, nangita ug lain.” [C3]

Usahay, mag-away pud mi mga igsoon tungod dugay makalung-ag

kay gikan dula ug basketball, laag ug dugay makauli.” [C5]

“Sauna, nag-away akong mama ug papa tungod sa baraha kay

paundangon akong papa pero masuko.Tapos pagmapilde siya, si

mama ang dumtan.” [C6]

“Dili mi close, dili mi magkasinabtanay.” [C7]

“Suod man mi nga pamilya, walay samok pero usahay ang mga

manghod sige ug away.” [C9]

“Usahay tungod sa ako nganong naay away kay tambay gawas sa

balay nga duguan tapos magkagubot pangita ug tambal gumikan

natigbasan sauna tungod sa riot.” [C10]

“Mao ra gihapon kay bokbokon rako ini-uli sa balay sa akong kuya.

Pasalamat gani ko sa akong bana kay dili mangulata.” [H7]



“Katong naa ko sa Boulevard, gitabangan ko ug bunal ug dos por dos

nga kahoy.” [H10]

English:

Quarrels; my older brother always spanks us when he

got mad with no respect to my mother. I was

exhausted; my siblings don’t know how to understand.

[A7]

Because of our teacher who humiliated me. I twisted

my teacher’s ears then she slapped me. [A10]

My parents are already separated. [C1]

“Okay lang man mi, hapsay man. Usahay naay away-

away.” [Sometimes, there would be a quarrel. [C2]

My mother and father were separated, five years ago

because of my father’s being a ‘chickboy’, looking

for someone else. [C3]

Sometimes, we used to fight with my siblings due to

the delay of cooking because of going home late from

playing basketball. [C5]

Before, my mother and my father have fight/quarrel

because of the flashcards that my mother will ask my



father to stop it but he got angry. Then when he

losses, my mother will be blame. [C6]

We’re not close, we don’t understand each other

well. [C7]

We have close family ties, there are no troubles but

sometimes my younger siblings used to have fight.

[C9]

Sometimes, it is because of me why we have

conflict/quarrel, because of being a bystander,

bloody outside then chaos happened when looking for

a treatment regimen because of stabbing before due

to the riot. [C10]

Still, I used to be punched when I went to my eldest

brother’s home. I’m so thankful that my husband

doesn’t hurt and batter me. [H7]

When I was at the Boulevard, I was spanked with two

by two of wood by many. [H10]

With the complain of the participant A10, conflict

with towards the teacher also affect him to be out of

school as he tend to be shy in going back to school from



destroying his reputation and results to child’s

regression of learning.

Furthermore, another factor that the participant is

concerned about is having no own house or no proper

housing of their family which serves as the basic

physical support or physiologic need that they must be

provided at first. As expressed by the following

participants below:

Cebuano:

“Sige lang mi balhin-balhin ug puyo sauna, moabot sa Maa ug Bolton.

Nangawala gud ang mga gamit kay sige ug balhin.” [A6]

English:

We used to transfer in any places for shelter

before, reaching Maa and Bolton. There were things

of us gone because of always transferring to any

places. [A6]

In fact, other participants conveyed their heart

longings about obtaining a proper house for their family

as they don’t have proper housing for the shelter of the

whole family. As expressed by the participants below:



Cebuano:

“Makasarili ug balay.”[I4]

“Makapalit mi ug lote.” [I7]

“Makabalay akong mama, makabalhin ko didto.” [J7]

English:

I can able to own a house. [I4]

We can able to buy a lot. [I7]

My mother could own a house, I can able to transfer

there. [J7]

And lastly, loss of interest was also complained by

other participants asitaffects them to preferably stop

their studies:

Cebuano:

“Ako lang nag-undang ug eskwela.”[B4]

“Undang lang ko tungod sa kaugalingong kagustuhan.” [B5]

“Walay nagkumbinsi sa akoa.”[B7]

“Nawad-an gani ko ug gana kay daghan gihuna-huna, daghan

mandaot na mga tao.” [F7]

“Dili na ko gusto moeskwela.” [I4]

English:



It is only myself who decided to stop studying. [B4]

I just stopped because of my own wants. [B5]

No one convinces me. [B7]

I even have loss of interest because I think a lot.

Many people accuse or destroy me. [F7]

I don’t want to study anymore. [I4]

Theme II: Living Diversionary

The selected participants below conveyed or trying

to imply that it was because of influence from their

contemporaries (barkada), their friends or neighbourhoods

why they tend to stop their studies as they were asked

to. They expressed that they usually influenced with them

by engaging in many activities and taking any vices.As

expressed by the participants below:

Cebuano:

“Tungod sa barkada, naimpluwensyahan sa ila, nagapanigarilyo pud.”

[A5]

“Nadala sa barkada, natintal sa mga ‘chicks’.” [A9]



“Dili nako malimtan kay kadtong ming-undang ko ug eskwela sa

Grade 2 tungod sa bisyo, inom, ug sigarilyo uban sa barkada.” [H8]

English:

Because of my peers/contemporaries, being influenced

with them, smoking also. [A5]

Being swayed with my peers/contemporaries.Being

tempted with the ‘chicks’. [A9]

I cannot forget was when I stopped studying in Grade

2 because of vices, drinking alcohol, and smoking

with my friends. [H8]

On the other hand, the statements below were the

responses provided by the participants who also

verbalized about engaging anotheractivityin their

everyday’s livingwith almost similar lifestyle involved

as the way or the manner of their living. As stated by

the participants below:

Cebuano:

“Nagapangwarta man ko hakot ug graba.” [F2]



“Sa balay lang, usahay walay trabaho. Magdula ko ug basketball,

internet, inom pud panagsa. Trabaho sad, tapos tulog ug pahuway.”

[F3]

“Magdula ko ug basketball, matulog ug naga-apil ug sayaw.” [F5]

“Tabang- tabang sa pamilya, ngita ug kwarta. Usahay nagadula pud

ko ug basketball ug internet, nagasigarilyo ug unom ka sticks sa isa ka

adlaw, naga-inom pud usahay.” [F6]

“Bantay sa among tindahan, suroy2x usahay. Uli ug balay, matulog.”

[F8]

“Usahay, diria ko sa Matina Crossing, mangtras sa hapon, tag 100

pesos ang kita usahay.” [F9]

“Usahay nagadula ug basketball ug internet.” [F10]

“Hakot ug balas, construction 200 pesos kada adlaw.” [G1]

“Nagahakot ug balas, tag 600 pesos ang adlaw.” [G5]

“Pangwarta lang, mag-hakot ug balas ug mangatras, mamarking sa

mga dyip, tagdyes ang hatag.” [G6]

“Maghakot ug balas ug graba. Kung makahuman na ug 40 ka taro,

naay 400 pesos. Nagapangita pud ko kinsay paputol ug kahoy.” [G10]

“Nagauban ko sa biyahe sa akong papa, nagkonduktor.” [H1]



“Dili malimtan na experience kay adtong minghakot ug graba, bun-og

sa lawas adtong Grade 1 pako hangtod first year tungod sa paghakot

ug graba.” [H2]

English:

I can able to earn money by collecting and lifting

up gravels. [F2]

Just at home, sometimes, there would be no work.

Just playing basketball, internet, drink alcohol

occassionaly. Go to work also, then get sleep and

rest. [F3]

I play basketball, go to sleep and involving

dancing. [F5]

Just helping my family finding money. Sometimes I

played basketball and internet games, smoking with 6

sticks in one day, drinking alcohol sometimes. [F6]

Guide/keep watching over our store, roaming around

sometimes. Go home then sleep. [F8]

Sometimes, I went here in Matina Crossing to valet

parking service (mangatras) in the afternoon with

sometimes 100 pesos income earned. [F9]



Sometimes playing basketball and internet. [F10]

Lifting up sacks of sands, construction, earning P

200/day. [G1]

Just carrying or lifting up sacks of sands, earning

600 pesos per day. [G5]

I used to carry or lift up sacks of sands and used

to park the jeepneys (valet parking service) to find

money which they will give me P10 for it. [G6]

Carrying or lifting up of sands and gravels. If we

could finish 40 containers, we would have 400 pesos.

I am also looking for someone who needs woods to be

cut. [G10]

I accompanied my father in traveling, being a

dispatcher collector. [H1]

My unforgettable experience was when I used to lift

up or carry gravels, with bruises in my body when I

was in Grade 1 until first year because of lifting

up gravels. [H2]



In contrary, most of the participants undisputedly

confessed that they usually do nothing or preferred to be

‘tambay’ or engaging with other peer activities as

expressed by the participants below:

Cebuano:

“Wala, mouli ra ug mokaon.” [F1]

“Manglaba, magligo sa akong bata.” [F7]

“Tambay, suroy2x pud.” [F9]

“Magkaon, mag-istambay.” [F10]

“Tambay ra. Walay ginabuhat sa sarili. Usahay, naga-inom ko.” [G2]

“Balay lang. Atiman sa akong bata.” [G7]

“Wala lang. Wala koy trabaho.Wala koy pangita ug kwarta.” [G8]

“Nagariot ug ‘budots’. Napreso ug duha ka adlaw tungod sa riot kay

nadakpan pud. Nadala sa barkada nga sige ug panigarilyo hangtod

karon ug nagainom panagsa.” [H5]

“Nagainom, nagasigarilyo, tambay usahay.” [H6]

“Nadala o naimpluwensyahan sa barkada. Sige mi ug shot ug inom,

sigarilyo. Atong riot pud, napriso ko sulod tulo ka adlaw. Nagalaag mi

magabii.” [H9]

English:



Nothing, I will just go home and eat. [F1]

Just washing clothes, take my baby a bath. [F7]

Doing nothing, wandering/roaming around. [F9]

Eating, staying somewhere, bystander. [F10]

Doing nothing. I did nothing for myself. Sometimes,

I used to drink alcohol. [G2]

Just at home. Take good care of my child. [G7]

Nothing. I don’t have work. I don’t have any ways to

earn money. [G8]

I used to be involved in riots and ‘budots’. I even

placed in jail for two days because I was captured.

Being swayed with my friends/peers who always smoke

cigarettes until now and drink alcohol often times.

[H5]

Drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, do nothing,

staying somewhere sometimes. [H6]

Being swayed or influenced by my peers. We always

have shot in drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes. I

even put to jail within three days because of riot.

We used to roam around every night. [H9]



Theme III: ‘Nag-laum’ (Hoping)

With their responses, the following participants

expressed happiness as they described the status of their

family and considered to be one of their unforgettable

experiences. As expressed by these participants below:

Cebuano:

“Okay ra man,happy ra pud mi maskin unsa man kalisod, bisag

pobre.” [C3]

“Malipayon man pud mi maskin wala na among papa.” [C4]

“Katong nageskwela pa ko ug Grade 6, lipay kaayo.” [H7]

English:

We’re also happy despite of the hardships, though

we’re poor. [C3]

We’re still happy though our father is no longer

with us. [C4]

When I was still studying in Grade 6, I’m so happy.

[H7]

In opposition, selected participants revealed their

wants or desires about attaining happiness as what they



want to have and be in life when they were asked if what

would be the miracle they want to come and happen in

their life. As stated by the selected participants:

Cebuano:

“Maayo ang lawas ug maasenso.”[I7]

“Gusto nako nga malipayon ang pamilya, walay sakit.”[I9]

“Gusto nako malipayon ug hapsay akong pamilya nga wala nay

samok sa panimalay.”[I10]

English:

Have a good health and prosper in life. [I7]

I want that my family would be happy, no diseases.

[I9]

I want that my family will be happy and at peace

that there’s no more troubles/quarrels at home.

[I10]

Moreover, participants also testified about their

life’s changes or the changes of their family when they

were asked to describe their family status. As expressed

by these participants:

Cebuano:



“Malipayon mi sauna pero karon, nagkalisod-lisod tungod sa

problema sama anang away-away.Kamug-ot na ang nabilin, wala na

ang kalipay.” [C10]

“Sauna nga nageskwela pa, okay, relax lang kay naa pay baon adlaw-

adlaw. Maglingkod ug magsulat ra, karon hago sa trabaho.” [H3]

“Sauna adtong nageskwela kay dili hago. Nagatuon lang mi, daghan

ug barkada. Karon, wala na kaayoy barkada, trabaho na lang pero

nalingaw ra pud.” [H4]

English:

We were joyful before but now, we encountered many

hardships due to the problems like having quarrels

or fight. It’s the loneliness that left, no longer

the happiness. [C10]

When I still studying before, it’s okay, it’s

relaxing then you still have money/allowance

everyday. You will just sit and write, now, it was

been tired from work. [H3]

When I was studying before since I wasn’t feeling

exhausted. We just study and have a lot of



friends/peers. Now, I don’t have lot of friends,

just only the work but I also enjoying it. [H4]

According to participantH4, he was enjoying with his

work though there are already changes as expressed by

him.

Other participants added the comparisons of their

life’s changes as testified by selected participants

below:

Cebuano:

“Lahi ra jud ang sauna.Sauna kay dili madala. Malipayon pa sauna ug

mabantayan pa ko sa akong mama nga gipaeskwela.” [H9]

“Sauna kay mata ko ug sayo kay nageskwela pa man, limpyo nga tao.

Malipayon pud kay naa koy mga barkada.Malingaw kay naa koy ka

chika. Nagatuon ko sa pageskwela, mga leksyon. Karon wala na,

mahadlok na sila sa ako karon. Hilabtanon daw, dili na limpyo.” [H10]

English:

It’s really different before. Before, I was not

easily swayed. It’s joyful before and I was been

watched over by my mother when I still studying.

[H9]



I woke up early before because I was still studying,

being a neat person. I was also happy because I have

a lot of friends. It’s enjoyable because I have chat

mates. I studied with my lessons when I’m still

studying. But now, I don’t do that anymore. They

will be afraid of me now because I looked to be

someone who steals things. [H10]

Aside from that, the following participants conveyed

about changes or hoping to have a change in their life by

fulfilling what their wants, desires, and plans to be

achieved or accomplished in life. As expressed by their

verbalizations, it shows about hoping something for their

own good and benefits:

Cebuano:

“Magbag-o aron dili na magkalisod sa balay, dayon magtiwas pud ug

pageskwela.”[I6]

“Hinay-hinay lang ug bag-o kay dili man pud madali-dali o kaliton

ang pagbag-o.”[I10]

“Gusto pud ko magbag-o.” [J5]



“Magbag-o.” [J6]

“Mosimba.” [J8]

English:

Have a change so that we won’t experience more

difficulties at home, and then continue my studies

also. [I6]

Taking a change slowly because it’s not easy or

quick to have a change. [I10] I also want to change.

[J5]

Have change. [J6]

Go to church/pray. [J8]

Renewing or changing about something like asking

forgiveness would be a big deal to this participant to

change. According to the participant below as he stated:

Cebuano:

“Kung pwede pa lang ang kontra sa grupo-grupo, saboton nga

mangayo ug pasaylo, himoon jud nako pero dili na kaayo ko makalaag-laag

karon.” [J10]



English:

If only the opponent in the group can be talked and

agreed well to ask forgiveness, I would really do it. But

it couldn’t be happened because of the high rank then I

won’t able to roam around as of now. [J10]

He wants to confess his mistake and ask forgiveness

to his opponent but it’s not easy to be done since he

wasn’t able to go somewhere and go with it.

Henceforth, following participants also expressed

the feeling of regret or they regretted as expressed with

their verbalizations particularly their life’s

unforgettable experiences when they were asked what were

the changes and their resolutions to have or their plans

in life. As expressed by the participants below:

Cebuano:

“Nagmahay pud ko nga ning-undang ug eskwela, nadala sa barkada

nga sige ug panigarilyo hangtod karon ug nagainom panagsa.” [H5]

“Karon nagmahay, naa nay pagkaguol.”[H6]



“Nalipay ko sauna sa pageskwela pero giundangan man, nagbasol

pud ko.” [H8]

“Nagariot, naga away gubot, kay mosukol pud mi. Pero nagmahay ko

nga ming-undang ug eskwela. Lahi ra jud ang sauna.” [H9]

“Gisayangan nako ang akong pageskwela, murag wala nako pulos,.

Nagmahay ko kay panagsa ra ang paningkamot sa estudyante sa

pageskwela. Hastang guola.” [H10]

English:

I regretted that I stopped studying, being swayed

with my friends/peers who always smoke cigarettes

until now and drink alcohol often times. [H5]

But now, I regret it and there’s more loneliness.

[H6]

I was happy with my studies before but I stopped, so

I regretted it. [H8]

We used to have a riot and fight back because we

compensate or take revenge. But I regretted that I

stopped studying. It’s really different before. [H9]



I wasted my studies. It seems that I am already

worthless. I regretted it for the hard word of being

a student in studying is just rare. [H10]

It likely denotes their regret from being influenced

with their contemporaries (barkada) since before.

Besides, most of the participants also shared what

else or other things they wanted to have and be fulfilled

in life to attain their full happiness aside from those

statements supported above. As expressed through these

statements:

Cebuano:

“Wala lang, pero gusto lang ko magtrabaho. Dili man kaayo mi

nagkalisod.” [A4]

“Makahuman ug eskwela, makatabang sa mama ug papa.”[I1]

“Makahuman ug eskwela.”[I2]

“Mabuo ug balik ang pamilya.”[I3]

“Mag-usa ang tibuok pamilya.” [I4]

“Makakita ug trabaho ug makatiwas ug eskwela.” [I5]



“Magbag-o aron dili na magkalisod sa balay, dayon magtiwas pud ug

pageskwela.” [I6]

“Kung naay magpaeskwela, moeskwela.Kung naay mohatag ug

trabaho, motrabaho pud.” [I8]

“Magbag-o ug magkatrabaho. Gusto ko mobalik ug eskwela.” [J6]

English:

Nothing, but I just wanted to work. We don’t really

experienced difficulty in our expenses. [A4]

To finish studies, able to help my mother and

father. [I1]

To finish my studies. [I2]

My family will be united again. [I3]

My family will be united. [I4]

Able to find a job and finish my studies. [I5]

Have a change so that we won’t experience more

difficulties at home, and then continue my studies

also. [I6]



If there’s someone who will offer me to study, I’ll

study. If there’s someone who will give me a work,

I’ll work. [I8]

Have change and get work. I want to continue my

studies. [J6]

However, participant J4onlycomplained on his work

when he asked about his plans in life as expressed:

Cebuano:

“Wala pero trabaho lang para makakaon ug tarong.” [J4]

English:

Nothing, but I will just work in order to eat well.

[J4]

In addition, the following participants below

implied their plan to be fulfilled as soon as possible

about continuing their education and looking for another

ways of earning money like seeking for better job as

expressed by:

Cebuano:



“Motiwas pud ko ug eskwela.” [I9]

“Mopadayon sa akong pageskwela.” [I10]

“Mangita ug trabaho, magpamarpil, ug makapalit ko sa akong gusto

paliton.” [J1]

“Magkatrabaho.” [J2]

“Tiwas ug eskwela kay lisod ng dili makahuman. Pait kayo mangita ug

trabaho nga tarong.” [J3]

“Motiwas ko ug eskwela.Moeskwela karong abre sa klase sa June sa

DRANS, first year highschool.” [J5]

“Motrabaho,moeskwela.” [J8]

“Mangita ko ug tarong nga trabaho.” [J9]

“Naa pud koy plano nga mobalik ug eskwela kung naa pud maghatag

sa akoa nga magpaeskwela. Giblock naman gud ko sa akong maestra

bahin sa akong pageskwela sa laing eskwelahan.” [J10]

English:

I will also continue my studies. [I9]

To be able to continue my studies. [I10]



Find a work, able to have dentures, and buy the

things that I want. [J1]

To get a job. [J2]

Able to continue my studies because it is hard if

you don’t finish studies. It is bitter to find a

good job. [J3]

I’ll continue my studies. I’ll study this opening of

the classes on June at DRANS, first year high school

level. [J5]

Get work, take study. [J8]

I will find a better job. [J9]

I also have a plan to go back in my studies if there

would someone who will offer me to study. I was

already blocked by my teacher, about my studies in

any other schools. [J10]

Exhaustive Description



The researchers found out about the study that

majority of participants had similarities of the reasons

in discontinuing education which is due to the poverty

particularly having inadequate money to sustain for their

living.

We all know that the Government are trying there best to

give the needs of the students like books, classrooms and a

teacher that would facilitate the learners, but this is not good

enough for the people need a Government that is not deaf enough

to hear the cries of children being squeeze into tiny classrooms

and having a booming population of more than 70 plus students

(Sage, 2011).

We need a Government who is not blind to see teachers leaving the

country looking for greener pastures and teachers who are

teaching in different levels at the same time but with less

books. This is the sacrifices and long suffering of Filipino

people. The Government have already demolished already our right

for a better education therefore the Government of the

Philippines needs a quick change of its wrong system of governing

its nation (Sage, 2011).

Rejection



Parents don't give any moral support like, “bakit ka pa kasi nag-

aaral imbes tumulong ka dito sa bahay o sa bukirin” In English

term “why do you go to school instead of helping us here in the

house or in the field” and lastly even though how eager the child

would want to go to school, his/her parents will not give any

financial support and the child cannot do anything about it

(Sage, 2011).

Sacrifice

Insufficient Money

Even the education is free, many Filipinos cannot afford still to

go to school because of the lack of essential needs like bag,

notebooks, paper, writing materials etch.. We cannot really deny

the fact that the Philippines is a third world country where

poverty is rampant and the hardships of life is in one package

deal already. To very poor people they cannot even afford to eat

three times a day that's why it is more important for them is

food rather than investing for the education for their children

(Sage, 2011).

No own House

Conflict

According to the 2011 Education for All Global Monitoring Report (GMR), conflict has the most devastating effect on children. Those directly affected suffer displacement, physical injury, psychological trauma and stigmatisation,



which are sources of profound and lasting disadvantage in education. Only a radical shift at the systemic level can address this (Wongani Grace Nkhoma, 2012).

What are the qualifications of unsupportable parents; one is theyare the anti-motivator they don't motivate their children to go to school instead they are manipulating there children not to go to school (Sage, 2011).

Some teachers in rural areas have an unruly attitude, who does not care if there students are coming to school or not weather they are teaching the right thing or not who always mocks punish children without any reason. This teachers are already consideredincapable or ineffective teachers that only cares of there salaryand not to his/her students (Sage, 2011).

Loss of Interest

One of the biggest reasons teens will drop out of high school

is because they simply lack interest in gaining an education.

Those are a few of the reason why teens drop out of school

(Aaron Young, 2009).

High cost of education is a result of poor government funding and the profit-oriented education system; deplorable facilities and an education curriculum geared towards the demands of the foreign-dominated market push many youths to become disinterested and doubtful of the possible benefits formal education may have for their future (Kabataan Party-list Rep. Raymond Palatino, 2011).

The government report further states that the primary reason given by OSYs for not attending school is the highcost of education, followed by lack of personal interest (Kabataan Party-list Rep. Raymond Palatino, 2011).




Eight million youths are out of school, mostly

because they could not afford the increasing tuition and

other fees (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2011).

It shows that financial restrictions or inadequate

money is a big deal to the family which controls

everything that leads the participants to sacrifice

themselves or anything according to their own decision

that made which is also due to encounteringof any

circumstances to their family.

According to Nelson Acquilano (2008), a student who

fails to graduate from high school experiences a

tremendous loss of income over a lifetime. Drop outs have

a more difficult time finding a job, and a greater

tendency for unemployment and chronic and cyclical

unemployment. Because of significantly lower earning

potential, they have a higher incidence of living in

poverty than graduates. They may live in poor

neighborhoods, neighborhoods with poor schools, with high

crime rates, and a lower quality of housing. They may

have less medical and dental care. Those who drop out may



also tend to have children who have less aspiration for

education, or drop out themselves (Nelson Acquilano,

2008).

It is also because of the parents’ occupation that

are not enough and the number of the family members or

composition of the family or family background why most

of the participants had suffered and sacrificed. It shows

that insufficiency of source of income or lack of money

is more weighed with jobless parents or single employed

parent.

Lack of parental support for education was found to

be a major factor in children’s “lack of interest” in

going to school (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2011).

With the compositions of their family, participants

expressed how they were many to be sustained in the

family.

As they grow older, they also tend to drop out of

school. With the younger age group, aged 5 to 9 years

old, 90 percent are in school. By the time they reach 15,




only half of them are in school (Carmelita Ericta, NSO

administrator, 2012).

Tambay

The noun for lazy which mean the lack of desire to do

something. Laziness can be arouse because of all the factor which

was mentioned above where students are becoming lazy because of

the lack of motivation that keeps them going (Sage, 2011).

The PIDS said that addressing the “lack of interest”

was particularly important because it could be a catch-

all phrase for anything, from adjustments due to late

school entry to lack of financial or parental support

(Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2011).

Besides, conflicts or quarrels encountered by the

family members within the family pushed them to

voluntarily stop their studies.

Violence against teachers even with all of the

measures in place to try to prevent violence in schools

and keep our children safer, it’s been noted that many



teachers fear for their own safety when they go to work.

Anyone who behaves violently towards another person will

continue to do so as long as they feel they can get away

with it and as long as you continue to let them have

control over the situation. Teachers can diffuse

stressful situations: redirect student to an alternative

task; use a calm, positive tone of voice avoid a

confrontation; give students two or three choices of

academic tasks to manage behavior and increase success;

use verbal praise intermittently in class; speak softly,

respect the student and solve the problem privately.

Violence against teachers can be greatly reduced if the

teacher stays alert to warning signs. But, if the

situation cannot be avoided, keeping everyone safe is top

priority (Anna Bobkova, 2011).

The education gap, whole generations of youth from

particular regions or ethnicities will lack the basic

skills that can allow them to adapt to a difficult (and

lingering) post-crisis environment, both socially and

economically, yet they will be unable to gain access to



struggling formal education systems. When conflict ends,

these individuals' educational deficits make it difficult

for them to succeed (UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report,

2010).

As a result, loss of interest in going back to

school may result as what also others had experienced

with the feeling of regret on discontinuing education.

The big regret resides within them.

Lack of personal interest was also the commonly

cited reason for OSYs 13 to 17 years of age, followed by

the high cost of education. OSYs aged 18 to 24 years,

looking for work was cited as the main reason among

males, and marriage among females (NSO administrator

Carmelita N. Ericta, 2011).

One who desires to study obviously gave up by that

reasons which also due to sacrifice as they think of

others andfor the sake of their older siblings and the

whole family. By that, one who desires to be supposedly

in schoolceased to study as expressed with the



experiences of most participants because of the family’s

constraints or stability breakdown.

Participants also tend to engage in many activities

which could benefit them but somehow could harm them in

some way. Such activities in the community experienced by

the participants would help them in some ways.

About 2.8 million Filipinos were unemployed in 2011,

some 100,000 fewer than the number the year before,

according to the NSO. Among the unemployed, 63 percent

were males. Forty-five percent of the jobless had reached

high school; 42 percent had college education; and 12.6

percent had elementary education. The number of

underemployed last year was estimated at 7.2 million. The

underemployed are those who want to have additional hours

of work in their present job or to have an additional

job, or even to get a new job with longer working hours.

Of the underemployed, 59 percent were reported as visibly

underemployed or those working less than 40 hours during

the reference week. Those working 40 hours or more



accounted for 39.4 percent of the underemployed. In terms

of labor force participation, some 40 million of the 61.9

million 15 years old and over were “economically active,”

a participation rate of 64.6 percent, the NSO said. In

2010, the labor force participation was at 64.1 percent.

The labor force participation rate shows how many

“working-age” Filipinos are willing and able to work and

are either employed or actively seeking jobs (Philippine

Daily Inquirer, 2012).

Under the law, child labor is defined as any work or

economic activity performed by a child that subjects him

or her to any form of exploitation, or is harmful to his

or her health and safety, or physical, mental, or psycho-

social development. (Philippine Daily Inquirer (2012).

With the data obtained, majority of them expressed

that they don’t have proper work as they tend to do

nothing or just stay at home that may also caused them to

be influenced in one of the societal problems. By these,

unhealthy lifestyle would contribute them.



Gang activity, according to the study, is a not too

uncommon or unfamiliar occurrence in the lives of the

youth interviewed: 28 percent of high-school age youth

and 17 percent of middle school age youth reported

knowing other kids and classmates who belonged to gangs.

The causal factors for these statistics and the behaviors

they represent are multifaceted and complex, according to

the study: bad family situations and conflicts and

chaotic household dynamics, early manifestation of

negative or violent behaviors, and drug use or exposure

to people using drugs, are all risk factors that can and

do work in combination with each other (Clark R N Carr,

2013).

Peer influence

Friends and peer pressure from other high school drop outs,

family or other outside relationships can influence teens to

drop out of school. This also goes for the teens that choose

to drop out to join a gang or to be accepted in other teen

groups and street communities all over the country and world

(Aaron Young, 2009).

Bad vices



Bad vices would be an issue that most high school drop-outs even

in elementary are addicted on this vices like drinking

liquors,smoking, drug addiction, bad peer pressure even addiction

in computer games can cause a drop outs in certain schools where

it will lead to out of school youths who are a becoming an

additional burden to our society (Sage, 2011).

Labor

Child Labor has many ill effects in children who are supposed to

be in the environment of a classroom rather than roaming the

streets and risking every chance, time and time again, to earn

enough money. Although most do get the privilege of education,

most end up being drop-outs and repeaters because they are not

able to focus on their studies. Because of child Labor, children

suffer from malnutrition, hampered growth and improper biological

development (Sage, 2011).

Such a community sees higher crime rates, especially

delinquency and drug related crime. They may experience

other high risk behaviors such as alcohol abuse, drug

use, and sexual activity. Specific communities may also

see a decrease in property values, which can ultimately

lead to homes which are poorly maintained, urban blight,

and a transient neighbourhood (Nelson Acquilano,2008).




Majority of the participants expressed that they

experience more hardships in life that’s why most of them

desired to go back in their studies for their benefits

and self-support. The statements below were the

commondesires and plans they want to have and achieved or

accomplish in life. To them, finishing education is the

very first thing they need as it serves the basic need to

fulfill one’s dreams and followed by looking out and

obtaining a good and better job to be successful in life.

More Filipinos held jobs in 2011 than in 2010, but

many of them wanted a different job or more working hours

so they could earn more, the National Statistics Office

(NSO) said in a report.While the unemployment rate fell

slightly to 7 percent in 2011 from 7.3 percent in 2010,

the underemployment rate rose to 19.3 percent from 18.8

percent, the NSO said (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2012).

Job Searchings

For disadvantaged youth lacking basic education, failureto find a first job or keep it for long can have negativelong-term consequences on their career prospects thatsome experts refer to as 'scarring'. Beyond the negativeeffects on future wages and employability, long spells of



unemployment while young often create permanent scarsthrough the harmful effects on a number of otheroutcomes, including happiness, job satisfaction andhealth, many years later (Leo Hindery, Jr., 2010).

For disadvantaged youth lacking basic education,

failure to find a first job or keep it for long can have

negative long-term consequences on their career prospects

that some experts refer to as 'scarring'. Beyond the

negative effects on future wages and employability, long

spells of unemployment while young often create permanent

scars through the harmful effects on a number of other

outcomes, including happiness, job satisfaction and

health, many years later (Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development, 2010).

Graduation from high school is a projection of the

measure of future success for a youth. It is an

accomplishment and prepares one for a “coming of age”

into adulthood with adult responsibilities. Dropping out

of school has negative repercussions for both the

student, his or her family, the business sector, and the

entire community (Nelson Acquilano, 2008).




CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The summary of findings, conclusion and

recommendations drawn by the researchers from the results

obtained are presented in this chapter.

Summary of Findings

1. Most of the participants have a problem with

money, having an insufficient income or financial



crisis obtained by the family that’s why they

decided to stop their studies voluntarily.

2. Majority of the participants had loss of interest

in studying due to any circumstances that’s why

voluntary decision of discontinuing of education has

done.

4. The participant’s parents’ work or occupationsstill with income gained are

not enough for the supply of the whole family.

5. Participants had their work available in their

community yet it’s unstable that could help them to

earn money but majority of them still seek for a

better work to help sustain their family.

6. Most of the participants were swayed or

influenced with their peers/friend’s or other’s

actions and involved activities.

7. Majority of the participants encountered quarrels

or conflicts within the members of the family or

with the group of friends.

8. Most of the participants have big numbers of

family members to be supplied.



10. Majority of the respondents felt about changes

of their lives and regret as most of them wanted to

take change within their selves to obtain a new

life.

Upon going the research area and with the help of

the purok leader in Barangay Arroyo Compound, Matina

Crossing, Davao City and being accompanied by the herson,

two participants we met for the first time were shy to be

interviewed as we asked for their consent for the

conduction of the interview. Meanwhile, we proceeded to

conduct the interview as they agreed to the permission

asked with the. Later on, most of the participants showed

interest on the conducted interview and participated well

as we, the researchers explained the purpose of it by

building rapport to them at first. As we said, this would

only to be for the research study purposes and for the

assessment of them with problems and basic life’s

concerns.



Conclusion

1. As a whole, we can say that money in life that

controls everything. It is very important issue in

the family especially in providing the family’s

basic necessities. In the case of the out of school

youth participants, it shows that they still cannot

sustain their needs just like sending to school due

to money insufficiency as their biggest concern.

2. The participants had alternative ways of earning

money as their work available in their community

that could help them to their familythough it’s

unstable.This brought good benefits to them

especially to the whole family while they don’t

continue their studies yet. Majority of them have

similar activities involved even the way of earning

money that could help them to make use of the vacant

time.

3. The participants were getting to bad influence with

the circle of their friends as they used to engage

in negative activities that could harm their health



just like smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol.

Participants used to engage with any activities in

their spare time, being influenced by their

contemporaries to divert their attention for leisure

or recreation in some time.

4. The participants felt about unsatisfied in life

because of not continuing or finishing their

studies. They regretted it as most of the

participants conveyed desire in fulfilling their

studies first in order for them to get a better job

and for the preparation of their future. But still,

they are more financially restricted to pursue it.

5. It is said to be that continuing education in order

to find a better job is a big deal to be pursued by

most out of school youth to meet their needs, grant

their wants, and satisfy their selves facing a

successful life.

Recommendations



1. There should be programs that are indicated to the

participants to fulfill their needs in the context

of education like school-linked and school-based

programs of social services.Seminars about

educational programs and trainings for the

enhancement of their skills and capabilities must be

provided. The state mandates that all Filipinos with

or without learning disabilities must have access to

education and the early registration aims to count

them in. Early registration is part of efforts to

realize DepEd’s “Education For All” program, part of

achieving the education component of the Millennium

Development Goals. DepEd will tap the assistance of

barangay and local government units, the business

sector, civil society and even parents to encourage

those of age to sign up for school. With the help of

our partners in education in this undertaking, we

can make the necessary preparations and address

potential resource needs in time for the opening of

classes in June (Armin Luistro, 2012).



2. There should be information be carried out

concerning education and health teachings regarding

on their physical activities, daily lifestyle,

dietary habit, injury and violence, and other

psychosocial factors must be addressed in those

responsible institutions to prevent social violence

like gambling in the community. So, the barangay

health workers should help to provide the

community’s needs especially to the out of school

youth.

According to Philippine Daily Inquirer (2011), the

US Agency for International Development (USAid) said

it would expand its programs for out-of-school youth

in Mindanao and other areas most affected by

conflicts and poverty. It would also continue to

work with the Philippine government to “increase

access to quality basic education focusing on

English, science and mathematics for about 300,000

students (in public schools).”

http://globalnation.inquirer.net/source/philippine-daily-inquirer



3. Scholarship grants and free education in public

should be given to those out of school youth as they

are willing to pursue it in order for them to finish

their studies for the preparation of their future

and be successful in life.A simple help laid by the

government like providing materials or school

supplies appropriate to those needy ones who cannot

really afford to buy or provide their basic school

needs could be a big help and big contribution to

those out of school youth.

Alternative Learning System (ALS) has been designed

to allow dropouts, no matter how old they are, to

complete high school. The program, was designed with

“so much flexibility that it allows students to hold

classes under the house or trees or other places

that suit them.” Department of Education (DepEd)

should have done was first improve the quality of

teaching before increasing the number of years that

students have to spend in school. DepEd expects 21



million students to troop back to school in June

(Armin Luistro, 2012).

4. There should be a livelihood projectslike fruit

planting and other job vacanciesaccessible to them

that would be provided and diversional significant

activities be implemented in the community in order

to divert themselves from having negative accustomed

activities and for the benefits to those out of

school youth as they are willing to earn money.

These would largely contribute them to gain income

as their resources and the alternative way of

earning money.

Non-formal basic education typically targets older

learners age 12 and higher, who have limited or no

primary school experience. It emphasizes basic

literacy and numeracy skills while conveying content

that is relevant for older learners, including both

'core' content and life skills. It is offered at

flexible times and increments, and conveys condensed

material through methodology that builds on older



learners' life experiences and knowledge. Such

programs usually offer a certificate that allows

grade equivalency and reentry into the formal

system, or some other stand-alone credential. Often,

these programs are combined with skills training in

technical fields, health, entrepreneurship etc.

(Cornelia Janke, 2013).

Philippine economy will benefit from out of school

youths if special technical, vocational and skills

centers would be established for the sector. There

are three million out of school youths that should

be trained to become useful citizens (Sonny Angara,

2013).



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A Lived Experience on the Quality of Life among Out of School Youth in Barangay Arroyo Compound,...

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