CNI Publications 30

THE CARLSBERG PAPYRI 7

HIERATIC TEXTS FROMTHE COLLECTION

WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BYJ. F. QUACK, A. VON LIEVEN, K. RYHOLT

EDITED BYKIM RYHOLT

THE CARSTEN NIEBUHR INSTITUTE OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIESUNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 2006 • MUSEUM TUSCULANUM PRESS

CNI Publications 30The Carlsberg Papyri 7Hieratic Texts from the Collection© K. Ryholt and Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006Cover design by Thora FiskerText set in Times New Roman by the authorsPlates prepared by Kim RyholtPrinted in Denmark by Special-Trykkeriet Viborg a/s

ISBN 87 635 0405 7

ISSN 0907-8118 (The Carlsberg Papyri)ISSN 0902-5499 (Carsten Niebuhr Publication)

Editorial board of The Carsten Niebuhr Institute PublicationsPaul John FrandsenD. T. PottsAage Westenholz

Editor of The Carlsberg PapyriKim Ryholt

The publication of this book was made possibleby a grant from The Carlsberg Foundation

Published and distributed byMuseum Tusculanum PressUniversity of CopenhagenNjalsgade 94DK-2300 Copenhagen S

www.mtp.dk

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The seventh volume of the Carlsberg Papyri is mainly dedicated to hieratic texts from the Tebtunistemple library. It begins with a survey of this large body of material which, for convenience, alsoincludes the much more sparse hieroglyphic material from the temple library. The surveysupplements the two surveys published earlier this year by myself, ‘On the Contents and Nature ofthe Tebtunis Temple Library – A Status Report’, and Alexandra von Lieven, ‘Religiöse Texte ausder Tempelbibliothek von Tebtynis – Gattungen und Funktionen’, in Sandra Lippert and MarenSchentuleit (eds.), Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos: Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum (Wiesbaden,2005).

The survey is followed by editions of the Opening of the Mouth Ritual, the Sokar Ritual, theVotive Cubit, an Osiris liturgy, and a list of book-titles. Further included are two non-hieratic itemsfrom the temple library, a fragment of an illustrated papyrus with a caption in hieroglyphs and adecorated band of papyrus, and a fragment of the text concerning the Nine-Headed Bes whichseems not to have been part of the temple library.

A brief glance at the table of contents will reveal that the present volume above all is the workof Joachim Quack. Alexandra von Lieven has also contributed with a substantial article, while myown contributions are rather modest. The three of us would like to dedicate the volume to Paul JohnFrandsen who has played a fundamental role in relation to the Papyrus Carlsberg Collection overthe years and who has always encouraged our work.

I should further like to express our deep gratitude to The Carlsberg Foundation for generouslyproviding the necessary funds for the publication of the present volume. Finally, on a personal note,my thanks are due to Cary Martin for checking the English of my contributions.

The plates of the present volume were prepared from a mixture of scans (Copenhagen and Oxfordfragments) and photographs (Berlin and Florence fragments). The Berlin photographs were madeby Margarete Büsing. The images of the individual fragments are all reproduced by kind courtesyof the collections to which they belong.

Kim RyholtNovember, 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS

J. F. QuackDie hieratischen und hieroglyphischen Papyri page 1aus Tebtynis – ein Überblick

A. von LievenEine punktierte Osirisliturgie 9

P. Carlsberg 589 + PSI Inv. I 104 + P. Berlin 29022 (pls. 1-4, 1a-4a)

J. F. QuackEine Papyruskopie des Textes der Votivellen 39

P. Carlsberg 419 (pls. 5, 5a)

J. F. QuackEin neuer Zeuge für den Text zum neunköpfigen Bes 53

P. Carlsberg 475 (pls. 6, 6a)

J. F. QuackEine Handschrift des Sokarrituals 65

P. Carlsberg 656 (pls. 6, 6a)

J. F. QuackFragmente des Mundöffnungsrituals aus Tebtynis 69

P. Carlsberg 395 + PSI Inv. I 100 + P. Berlin 29025 (pls. 12-19, 12a-18a)P. Carlsberg 406 + PSI Inv. I 101 + P. Berlin 29023 (pls. 8-10, 8a-10a)P. Carlsberg 407 + P. Berlin 29026 (pls. 11, 11a)P. Carlsberg 408 + P. Berlin 20924 (pls. 7, 7a)P. Carlsberg 586 (pls. 6, 6a)P. Tebt. Tait 33 vs. (pls. 9, 9a)

K. RyholtA Hieratic List of Book Titles 151

P. Carlsberg 325 (pl. 20)

K. RyholtA Colored Offering Scene on Papyrus 157

P. Carlsberg 494 (pl. 21)

K. RyholtA Decorated Band for Tying a Papyrus Roll 159

P. Carlsberg 583 (pl. 21)

Plates at end

1 Both titles are discussed in A. von Lieven, The Carlsberg Papyri 8. Grundriss des Laufes der Sterne. DasSogenannte Nutbuch (CNI Publications 31; Copenhagen, in press).

2 A. Grimm, ‘Altägyptische Tempelliteratur: Zur Gliederung und Funktion der Bücherkataloge von Edfu und et-Tôd’,

in S. Schoske (ed.), Akten des Vierten Internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses München 1985, III (BSAK III; Hamburg,

1989), 159-169.

A HIERATIC LIST OF BOOK TITLES(P. CARLSBERG 325)

By KIM RYHOLT

Among the contents of the Tebtunis temple library is a small slip of papyrus containing a brief list

of four book titles written in hieratic (pl. 20). The main value of the list is that it provides us with

the titles of four texts which may be assumed to have formed part of the library and it thus helps

to shed further light on its contents and nature.

The papyrus measures 13.7 h. x 10.0 w. cm. It is rather poor quality; the texture is thick and

coarse, and several of the strips are unevenly placed. The script runs parallel to the fibers and

consists of four lines of writing. The reverse is blank. The hand itself is skilled. It fits in well with

the bulk of hieratic material from the temple library and can be dated to the late 1st or 2nd

century AD.

Transliteration and translation

1. ‘Plan of ....’ (snt ...)

2. ‘Praise the Ennead’ (iAw psD.t)

3. ‘Birth of the Ennead’ (ms psD.t)

4. ‘Changing into Anubis through a drawing’ (xpr m Inp n Tk)

Commentary

Each of the four lines contains a book title as shown by the script-determinative. The provenance

of the papyrus, the fact that the titles were written in hieratic, and the nature of the titles all indicate

that the four texts in question once formed part of the temple library.

1. Attestations of the element snt, ‘Fundament, Grundriß, u.ä.’ (Wb. IV 178), in relation to book

titles are listed in S. Schott, Bücher und Bibliotheken im alten Ägypten (Wiesbaden, 1990), 351-

352, no. 1566. To these may be added that of the schematic plan of the sky in the so-called Book

of Nut, snty Sm n sbA.w, ‘Plan of the movement of the stars’, and that of the Fayum in the Book of

Fayum, snt n &A-Sy, ‘Plan of the Lake Land’.1 The second element of the title in our papyrus is

rubbed and unfortunately more or less lost, but neither of the two latter titles seems compatible with

the traces following snt. The orthography , it may be noted, is attested already during the NewB

t

t%

Kingdom, cf. Wb. IV 177.

2. The title iAw psD.t does not otherwise seem to be attested, but two titles containing the formula

pA iAw n DN, ‘The praise of DN’, are recorded in Schott, Bücher und Bibliotheken, no. 4a-b, one

from Esna and the other from Tod.

3. The title ms psD.t is known from the book catalogue from Tod where fragment 3, line 2,

preserves the title [mDA].t ms psD.t, ‘Book of the Birth of the Ennead.’2 It is listed in Schott, Bücher

A HIERATIC LIST OF BOOK TITLES 153

10 Spiegelberg, op. cit., 23, nn. 1-2.11 U. Kaplony-Heckel, ‘Neue demotische Orakelfragen’, FuB 14 (1972), 81, 84, pl. 9.1; for this papyrus see most

recently K.-Th. Zauzich, ‘Die demotischen Orakelfragen - eine Zwischenbilanz’, in P. J. Frandsen and K. Ryholt (eds.),The Carlsberg Papyri 3. A Miscellany of Demotic Texts and Studies (CNI Publications 22; Copenhagen, 2000), 10, 16.

12 K.-Th. Zauzich, Papyri von der Insel Elephantine (DBP 1; Berlin, 1978), no. 13538, line 3.13 K.-Th. Zauzich, Papyri von der Insel Elephantine (DBP 3; Berlin, 1993), no. 13549, lines 3 and 4.14 K.-Th. Zauzich, Papyri von der Insel Elephantine (DBP 1; Berlin, 1978), no. 13547, line 4.15 C. J. Martin, in B. Porten et al., The Elephantine Papyri in English (Leiden, 1996), 326, n. 3, and 338, n. 3.16 Chicago Demotic Dictionary internet version, letter b (file dated 8.23.2002), 18.17 M. Depauw, ‘The demotic epistolary formulae’, Acta Demotica. Acts of Fifth International Conference for

Demotists (Pisa, 1994) [= Egitto e vicino oriente 17], 94.18 I am grateful to Prof. H. S. Smith and Prof. W. J. Tait for reference to this papyrus and for permission to mention

it here.

‘auch sonst in demot. Urkunden mehrfach belegte Wort’. He specifically refers to two papyri fromElephantine, P. Berlin P 13538 and a further papyrus that had not yet been inventoried where theorthography was ‘Besonders deutlich’, and suggested that the word meant ‘“Schriftstück” [oder]vielleicht “Brief”.’10 He adds that ‘Die Lesung bAk, an die man zunächst denkt, ist ausgeschlossen’.

P. Berlin P 13538 and several other Elephantine papyri including the group in question havesince been published. In each of the texts it occurs in formulae or passages where the word bAk isnormally found. Perhaps for this reason the editors consistently interpret the group as bAk — so inP. Berlin P 13584 (an oracle question; facsimile 6),11 P 13538 (a letter; facsimile 7),12 and P 13549(a letter; facsimile 5)13 — except in one case, P. Berlin P 13547 (a letter; facsimile 8), where vk ismentioned as a possibly alternative reading: ‘Die Lesung bky ist recht fraglich. Gewiß liegt jedochein Wort für “Brief” vor, ob vk (Glossar, 659)? Über dem Wort scheint etwas nachgetragen zu sein,das vielleicht zur Schreibung des Wortes gehört.’14

The reading bAk / bAky is also preferred to vk / vky by Cary Martin15 and CDD16 in the case of theElephantine papyri P. Berlin P. 13547 and P 13584, and Mark Depauw marks the word with a queryin his list of vocabulary used to designate letters.17 Martin specifically argues that we are dealingwith idiosyncratic writings of bAk. While this word would make perfect sense within the context ofthe passages in question, the orthography remains to be explained. The initial group is evidentlynot the typical ligature for bAk which consists of a single sign; instead there are two signs, the lowerof which perfectly resembles a k. Moreover, the word ends with the indication of a vowel in mostcases (facsimiles 5-8). Neither of these characteristics are elsewhere attested for the word bAk tojudge from Glossar and CDD. Nor does it seem likely that we are dealing with a special localorthography since the orthography is attested in at least three locations that lie far apart; Elephantinein the south, Tehne in Middle Egypt (the Loeb papyrus), and Saqqara in the north. The examplefrom Saqqara is an unpublished oracle question where — as in P. Berlin P 13584 — the wordoccurs in the position normally occupied by bAk in the formula my in=w n=y pAy bAk r-bnr, ‘(If such-and-such is the case, then) may this writing be brought out to me.’18

On the other hand it seems clear that the word in question cannot have the same meaning as thehieratic Tk / Tky and demotic vky at Tebtunis, which seems to refer specifically to coloredillustrations. Were there, then, two words with the stem vk, one of which was used to designateillustrations and the other which was synonymous with bAk, or are we simply dealing with analternative orthography which was widely used? In the latter case the sign above the k would haveto be regarded as a writing of the consonant b, perhaps specifically the bA-sign. However this maybe, I consider it most likely that the word Tk in the papyrus here published refers to an illustrationas do the two other papyri from the temple library.

154 KIM RYHOLT

19 K. Ryholt, ‘On the Contents and Nature of the Tebtunis Temple Library’, in S. Lippert and M. Schentuleit (eds.),Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos. Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum (Wiesbaden, 2005), 141-170, esp. 159.

20 For these titles, see Schott, Bücher und Bibliotheken, 324, no. 1472, and 325, no. 1479.21 For a brief description of these texts, which have not yet been published, see J. F. Quack, ‘Die hieratischen und

hieroglyphischen Texte aus Tebtynis - Ein Überblick’, in the present volume, p. 4.

General commentary

The main interest of this short memorandum is that it provides us with the titles of four texts whichwe may assume once formed part of the Tebtunis temple library. The fact that the four titles werewritten in the hieratic script suggests that they pertain to hieratic texts since this script was nolonger used for everyday purposes. It seems reasonable to assume that the texts to which the titlespertain are to be identified among the numerous hieratic manuscripts from Tebtunis with which thepapyrus was found, and indeed it seems likely that the fourth title refers specifically to the textpreserved in P. Carlsberg 388. The nature of the titles and the choice of script indicates that eachof the four texts had a religious content and this provides them with a common denominator. Titlestwo and three, which both refer to the cycle of gods, are perhaps more closely related.

Also significant is the fact that the title ms psD.t is attested in the monumental book cataloguefrom the temple of Tod. This could well indicate that the text in question formed part of anestablished tradition of essential writings shared by most or all temples around Egypt, and it maytherefore be added to the list of texts which I recently discussed at the symposium Tebtynis undSoknopaiu Nesos.19

We can only guess as to why these titles were written down, but one possibility is that they wereto be copied. The fact that many hieratic as well as demotic texts from the Tebtunis temple libraryare found in multiple copies certainly suggests that the temple housed a busy scriptorium.

In the context of the present paper it may be worth briefly mentioning that another and morecomprehensive list of book titles from the Tebtunis temple library is preserved on a fragment whichis now in Florence. In contrast to the list here published the other list is written in Demotic andseems to form part of a literary composition. It includes such well-known titles as ‘The protectionof the year’ (sA rnp.t) and ‘The protection of the shrine’ (sA Hnq.t).20 Another title in the list is ‘Thepurification of the king’ (swab nsw), which may be the designation of one of the actual purificationtexts from the temple library.21

Orthographies discussed

Hieratic

1. P. Carlsberg 325 1st/2nd century AD

2. P. Carlsberg 182 2nd century AD

3. P. Carlsberg 1 2nd century AD

A HIERATIC LIST OF BOOK TITLES 155

Demotic

4. P. Carlsberg 1 1st/2nd century AD

5. P. Berlin P 13549 4th century BC

6. P. Berlin P 13584 early Ptolemaic?

7. P. Berlin P 13538 Ptolemaic

8. P. Berlin P 13547 Ptolemaic

9. P. Loeb 7 c. 300 BC

PostscriptumA new reconstruction and study of the book catalogue from Tod has now been published by

Christophe Thiers, ‘Fragments de théologies thébaines. La bibliothèque du temple de Tôd’, BIFAO104 (2004), pp. 553-572.