1

dj I mâx cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖhyw³

iPbvq - Wt †gvt Qv‡jn Avn‡g`

2

dj I mâx cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖhyw³

1. dj I mâx msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖhyw³ mg~n 1.1 f‚wgKv 1.2 dj I mâx msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges m¤¢vebv

2. wPwb I GwmW ms‡hvRb K‡i msi¶Y

2.1 ‡Rjx 2.2 ‡cqvivi †Rjx

3. AvPvi, PvUbx Ges mm ˆZwiK‡i msi¶Y

3.1 AvPvi 3.1.1 Av‡gi AvPvi 3.1.2 ‡e¸‡bi UKwgwó AvPvi 3.1.3 imy‡bi AvPvi 3.1.4 eiB Gi wgwó AvPvi 3.2 PvUbx

3.2.1 Av‡gi wgwó PvUbx 3.2.2 eiB-‡ZuZz‡ji UKwgwó PvUbx 3.2.3 KuvPv Avg ev Avjy‡evLivi Svj-wgwó PvUbx ˆZixi c×wZ

3.3 ‡KPvc ev mm& ˆZwi K‡i ˆZwi K‡i msi¶Y 3.3.1 U‡g‡Uv †KPvc

3.4 Rym A_ev ‡¯‹vqvk ˆZwi K‡i d‡ji im msi¶Y 3.4.1 Av‡gi Rym 2.4.2 Av‡gi †bK&Uvi

3.5 wPwbi wmiv A_ev je‡Yi `ªe‡Y msi¶Y 3.5.1 wPwbi wmivq dj msi¶Y 3.5.2 je‡Yi `ªe‡Y meyR dj msi¶Y

4. wPc&m ˆZwi K‡i msi¶Y

4.1 Kjvi wPc&m 4.2 Avjyi wPc&m 4.3 Avjyi †d«Ý d«vB

5 Avg, KuvVvj I Avbvi‡mi wgkª mË¡

5.1 Av‡gi gÛ ˆZix KiY c×wZ 5.2 Avg I Avbvi‡mi wgkª mË¡ cÖwµqvRvZKiY 5.3 Avg I KuvVv‡ji wgkª mË¡ cÖwµqvRvZKiY

6. mewR †_‡K R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW ˆZixi c×wZ

6.1 KuvPv Avg I X¨uvom †_‡K wgwó R¨vg ˆZix 7. kvK-mewR ïK‡bv K‡i msi¶Y

7.1 euvavKwc ïK‡bv K‡i msi¶Y c×wZ

3

7.2 Av`v ﮋKiY c×wZ 8. f~Uªvi LB 8.1 ‡Z‡j †f‡R f~Uªvi LB cÖ ËZ KiY

9. M„nch©v‡qi cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Y ¯v¯’ wewa cvjb 10. cÖwµqvRvZ c‡b¨i wnmve wbKvk I Drcv`‡bi nvi wb×v©ib 10.1 U‡g‡Uv †KPvc Gi e¨emv 10.2 Kjvi wPcm& Gi e¨emv

4

1. dj I mâx msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖhyw³ mg~n

1.1 f‚wgKv evsjv‡`‡k erm‡i cÖvq 1.49 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub dj I 2.83 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub mâx Drcvw`Z nq hv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq h‡_ô bq| GLv‡b erm‡ii me gv‡m ev FZz‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY dj I mâx Drcbœ nqbv| AwaKvsk dj I mâx Drcv`b MÖx®§ I kxZKv‡j mxgve×| dj I mâx cPbkxj `ªe¨; d‡j dmj †Zvjvi ci Awej‡¤ G¸‡jv evRviRvZ KiY Ave¨kK n‡q c‡o| evsjv‡`‡ki me RvqMvq Aí we¯—i Drcvw`Z n‡jI AwaKvsk dj I mâxi Drcv`‡bi GK eo Ask KwZcq GjvKvq mxgve×| cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZvi Rb¨ gImy‡g cÖPzi dj I mâx bó nq hv cÖvq 20 - 40%, evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ GB AcPq wKQy‡ZB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| dj I kvK mâxi mnRvZ cPYkxjZv, Drcv`b KwZcq GjvKvq †K›`ªxf‚Z nIqv Ges †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZv Rb¨ gImy‡g Drcv`b GjvKvq dj I mâx `vg A‡bK K‡g hvq| d‡j K…l‡Kiv ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡q _v‡K| gImy‡g Drcv`b GjvKv †_‡K e¨env‡ii GjvKvq wewfbœ dj I mâxi `vg cÖvq 50% n‡Z 400% †ekx n‡q _v‡K| gyj gImy‡gi Zzjbvq Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qi `v‡gi Abyiƒc cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z nq| `v‡gi GB weivU ZviZg¨ Drcv`b I e¨enviKvix Df‡qi c‡¶B ¶wZKi| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi DbœwZ Ges msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g dj I mâxi `v‡g w¯’Zve¯’v Avbqb Ges GjvKv I FZz wbwe©‡k‡l G‡`i mieivn e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| d‡j Drcv`b I e¨enviKvix Df‡qB DcK…Z n‡eb Ges RvZxq A_©bxwZi †¶‡Î Bnv BwZevPK f‚wgKv ivL‡e| cÖwµqvRvZ dj I mâx ißvbx K‡i cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy ªv AR©b KivI m¤¢e n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq dj I mâx mieiv‡ni NvUwZi †cÖw¶‡Z G‡`i cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi m¤¢vebv mvgvb¨ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ dj I mâxi gImygx ¯fve, gImy‡gi msw¶ßZv, we‡kl GjvKvq Drcv`‡bi mxgve×Zv, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZv I `v‡gi ˆelg¨ we‡ePbv K‡i cÖwµqvRvZKiY I msi¶‡Yi h‡_ô m¤¢vebv I my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| 1.2 dj I mâx msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZKiY cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges m¤¢vebv h‡_ô cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges m¤¢vebv _vKv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡k dj I mâx msi¶Y wkí Avkvbyiƒc fv‡e M‡o D‡Vwb| Gi Rb¨ `vqx KviY¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZt `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|

♦ AwZwi³ Drcv`b LiP I cÖwµqvRvZ mvgMÖxi AwMœg~j¨ Ges ♦ cÖwµqvRvZ mvgMÖxi AwbwðZ gvb|

5

Drcv`b GjvKv †_‡K cÖwµqvRvZ KiY d¨v±wii `~iZ¡, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi AwbðqZv I AcÖZzjZv; c¨vwKs mvgMÖx, ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` I AZ¨vek¨Kxq mvgMÖxi AwMœg~j¨ I `y®úvc¨Zv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq KuvPvgvj mieiv‡ni AwbðqZv cÖwµqvRvZ mvgMÖxi Drcv`b LiP e„w× Kivi Rb¨ cÖavbZt `vqx| ZvB ißvbx‡hvM¨ mvgMÖxi †ejv‡Z dj I mâx msi¶Y wkí‡K wbæwjwLZ my‡hvM myweav †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| (K) AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb †hgb c¨vwKs mvgMÖx I ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw`

Avg`vbx/mieiv‡ni Dci Avg`vbx I AveMvwi ïé n«vm/iwnZKiY| (L) dj I mâx cwien‡b Ges msi¶‡Y we‡kl myweav cÖ vb I cwienb e¨q n«vm Ges (M) mnR wKw¯—‡Z FY`vb| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY, evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ Drcv`b I cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi myweavi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i evsjv‡`‡k d‡ji g‡a¨ Avbvim, Avg, KuvVvj, †jey I †cqviv Ges mâxi g‡a¨ Avjy U‡g‡Uv, gUiïUx, dyjKwc, evuavKwc, MvRi, Kijv, kvjMg I †Xuok msi¶Y I cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| Dc‡iv³ cÖ‡Z¨KwU dj ev mâx †_‡K GKvwaK mvgMÖx ˆZix Kiv hvq hv cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwaK Dcv‡q msi¶Y Kiv hvq| dj I mâx msi¶†Yi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Dc‡hvMx c×wZ D™¢veb I Abymib Ki‡Z n‡e| Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ K¨vwbs, wWnvB‡Wªkvb, wd«wRs I †iwW‡qkvb wcÖmvi‡fkvb Ab¨Zg| evsjv‡`‡k K¨vwbs Gi Rb¨ wUb cv‡Îi I DbœZgv‡bi †evZ‡ji Zxeª Afve i‡q‡Q| Gme mvgMÖxi mnRjf¨Zv wbwðZ Kivi ev¯—e c`‡¶c Ri“ix wfwˇZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| GQvovI R¨vg, †Rjx I PvUwb ˆZwii gva¨‡g eû cÖavb I AcÖavb dj I mâxi msi¶Y Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi ˆZwi GKB dj ev mâxRvZ mvgMÖxi gv‡bi g‡a¨ ZviZg¨ we`¨gvb| d‡j GB mg — mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K© Rbg‡b GKUv mvaviY Abv¯’vi fve weivR Ki‡Q| myôz †i¸‡jUwi óvÛvW© cÖYqb I cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwµqvRvZ dj I mâxi gvb Dbœqb m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î miKvi I RbmvaviY Df‡qiB mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva G RvZxq wkí weKv‡ki Rb¨ Acwinvh©| G‡Z K‡i †`‡k I we‡`‡k Avgv‡`i mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v evo‡e| ZvQvov cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKwíZfv‡e dj I mâx Drcv`b I mieiv‡ni e¨e¯’v Drcvw`Z mvgMÖxi gvb Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡e| cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g msi¶‡Yi †¶‡Î dj I mâxi AvK…wZ, cÖK…wZ, Aeqe I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b NUv‡bv nq| G‡Z K‡i ¸YMZ gv‡bi †Zgb †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡Ubv| ZvB AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZMZ cwieZ©b NwU‡q †fŠZ I ivmvqwbK c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k mâx I dj msi¶‡Y ¸iƒZ¡ LyeB †ekx| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv BbwówUDU (BARI) KZ…©K D™¢vweZ dj I mâx cÖwµqvRvZKiY I msi¶Y cÖhyw³ mg~n e¨envi K‡i dmj Pv‡li Avq I Kg©ms¯’vb evov‡bv m¤¢e| ¯í e¨q I ¯í cwim‡i Gme cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g cvwievwiK Avq e„w× Kiv m¤¢e|

2. wPwb I GwmW ms‡hvRb K‡i msi¶Y

6

wPwb I GwmW ms‡hvRb K‡i †Rjx, R¨vg, †gvieŸv I K¨vwÛ ˆZwi K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi dj I mewR msi¶Y Kiv nq| cÖ ‘ZK…Z Gme Lv`¨ LyeB gyL‡ivPK I cywóKi| i“wU, cvDi“wU BZ¨vw` ZÛyj RvZxq Lv`¨ `ª‡e¨i ms‡M Gme cÖwµqvRvZ Lv`¨ wgkª‡Y Lvev‡ii ¯v` AviI e„w× cvq Ges gyL‡ivPK nq| cÖwµqvRvZK…Z GBme Lv`¨‡K †ek myM×hy³ I `k©bxq Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK iKg Lv`¨-iO I G‡mÝ wgwkªZ Kiv nh| wKš‘ iO I G‡m‡Ýi †Kvb Lv`¨ g~j¨ †bB| myZivs dj I mewR †_‡K cÖ ‘Z R¨vg, †Rjx, †gvieŸv I K¨vwÛ‡Z ¯vfvweK d‡ji im _vKv evÃbxq| †Kvb K…wÎg ªe¨ e¨envi bv KivB fv‡jv| Z‡e wKQy wKQy dj ev mewRi MÜ we‡kl G‡mÝ wgwk‡q †X‡K †`Iqv nq; †hgb-wgwó Kzgov ev jvD‡qi R¨v‡g †KIov G‡mÝ, †cu‡c I MvR‡ii R¨v‡g †ivR G‡mÝ wgwk‡q cÖ ‘Z Lv`¨‡K †KIov ev †Mvjvcx myMÜx Kiv nq| 2.1 ‡Rjx ‡Rjx ‰Zwi Kivi mgq d‡ji im e¨envi Kiv nq| wgwn Pvjbx ev Kvc‡oi mvnv‡h¨ d‡ji kvum‡K †Qu‡K †bqv nh e‡j d‡ji Avuk ev` c‡o hvq| GRb¨ cÖ ‘Z †Rjx †ek cwi¯‹vi I A‡bKUv ¯”Q †`Lvq| dj I mewR‡Z Aew¯’Z †cKwUb wPwbi Dcw ’wZ‡Z im A_ev cví‡K RgvU evua‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †h mg¯— d‡j †cvwU‡bi cwigvY †ekx †hgb- †cqviv †m¸‡jv‡Z †cKwUb †hvM Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| mvaviYZ †cqviv, Avg, Avbvim, Av‡cj, †cu‡c, wgwó †ej, U‡g‡Uv, BZ¨vw` †_‡K †Rjx ‰Zwi Kiv nq| 2.1.1 ‡cqvivi †Rjx DcKiYmg~n ‡cqvivi im 1 †KwR wPwb 650 MÖvg mvBwUªK GwmW 7 MÖvg cUvwkqvg †gvUvevBmvjdvBU (†KGgGm) 200 wgwjMÖvg cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw`- n¨vÛ wid«v‡±vwgUvi, e¨v‡jÝ, mm‡cb, Qywi A_ev ewU, †evZj, PvgP, cvZjv Kvco, BZ¨vw`| cÖ ‘Z cÖYvjx im wb¯‹vkb

• cwicyó A_P KvuPv †cqviv cwi¯‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U mgcwigvY cvwb‡Z wb× Ki“b|

7

• wm× Kivi mgq Kv‡Vi nvZj w`‡q UzK‡iv¸‡jv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e bvovPvov w`b hv‡Z G¸‡jv‡Z AvVv‡jv fve m„wó nq| †cqviv mvaviYZ 30-35 wgwbU wm× Ki‡jB wbtm„Z im †Rjx ˆZwii Dc‡hvMx nq|

• cvZjv Kvco w`‡q †Qu‡K im Avjv`v K‡i wbb | G i‡mi mv‡_B †ei n‡q Av‡m †cKwUb I GwmW| wbtm„Z †cKwUb I GwmW †Rjx ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| im hZB ¯”Q n‡e †Rjx ZZB D¾¡j n‡e| Gfv‡e †Rjx ˆZwii Rb¨ im ˆZwi n‡q †Mj|

‡Rjx ˆZwiKiY

• DcKi‡Yi cwigvY Abyhvqx im, wPwb, mvBwUªK GwmW Avjv`v K‡i IRb wbb| • Gevi i‡mi mv‡_ wPwb wgwk‡q R¡vj w`b| ivbœv PjvKvjxb mgq AbeiZ bvovPvov Ki‡Z n‡e| wgkªYwU †gvUvgywU MvX n‡q Avm‡j wid«v‡±vwgUvi w`‡q Nb Nb MvXZ¡ cix¶v Ki“b Ges 580 weª· (wUGGm 580 ) Avmv ch©š— ivbœv Ki“b| AZtci mvBwUªK GwmW †hvM K‡i wgkªYwU 650 weª· Avmv ch©š— ivbœv Ki“b

• wid«v‡±vwgUvi Gi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z wkwUs cix¶vi gva¨‡g †Rjx n‡q hvIqvi Pzovš— Ae¯’v wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e| kxwUs c×wZ‡Z PvgP wgkª‡Yi g‡a¨ Wyev‡bv nq Ges VvÛv K‡i PvgP †e‡q wgkªYwU‡K co‡Z †`qv nq| hw` GUv GK av‡e bv c‡o kx‡Ui AvKv‡i co‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e †Rjx n‡q †M‡Q|

• wUGmGm 650 weª· n‡q ev wkwUs cix¶vq †Rjx cÖ ‘Z nIqvi KvQvKvwQ eySv †M‡j wba©vwiZ cwigvY †KGgGm mvgvb¨ cvwb‡Z ¸wj‡q wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ †hvM K‡i 660 weª· Avmv ch©š— ivbœv Ki“b|

• Pzjv †_‡K cvÎwU bvwg‡q †Rjx RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i fv‡jvfv‡e wQuwc Gu‡U ïK‡bv I VvÛv RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

‡evZj RxevYygy³KiY ‡Rjxi †evZj¸‡jv‡K mm‡cb cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z 15-20 wgwbU dzUv‡j RxevYygy³ n‡q hvq| †Rjx ‰Zwi n‡q †M‡j †evZj¸‡jv‡K cvÎ †_‡K DwV‡q cvwb wbswo‡q †Rjx fiv DËg| * wid«v‡±vwgUvi h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ im A_iv wmiv‡c `ªeYxq KwVb c`v‡_©i (wUGmGm) cwigvY wbY©q Kiv nq| hv wWMÖx weª· wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq| 3. AvPvi, PvUbx Ges mm ˆZwiK‡i msi¶Y

8

3.1 AvPvi iKgvwi gkjv †gkv‡bv dj ev mewR‡K LvIqvi †Zj ev we‡bMv‡ii Wyeuv‡bv Ae¯’vq cÖ ËZ Lv`¨‡K AvPvi ejv nq| AvPv‡i cÖvq ïK‡bv Kiv dj ev mewRi ms‡M mwilvi †Zj Ges wf‡bMvi wgwk‡q msi¶Y Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡Z dj ev mewRi Rjxqvsk †ek K‡g wM‡q (12% ev Kg ) †Zj ev we‡bMv‡i m¤c„³ n‡q DV‡j G‡`i msi¶Y ¶gZv †e‡o hvq A_©vr cPb m„wóKvix RxevYy¸‡jvi Kvh©µg eÜ n‡q hvq| AvPvi ˆZwi‡Z gkjv wn‡m‡e mwilv, Av`v, imyb, njy , gwiP, †guw_, KvjwRiv, BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq| GQvov UKwgwó Kivi R‡b¨ wPwb Ges A¨v‡mwUK GwmW A_ev we‡bMvi e¨envi Kiv nq| ZÛyj RvZxq Lv`¨ †hgb-fvZ, i“wU, jywP, c‡ivUv, BZ¨vw`i ms‡M Aí cwigvY AvPvi wgkª‡Y Lv`¨‡K †ek gyL‡ivPK K‡i †Zv‡j| AvPv‡i e¨eüZ mwilvi †Zj I GwmW wcÖRvi‡fwUf wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| mvaviYZ KuvPv Avg, Avgov, RjcvB, PvjZv, MvRi, imyb, dzjKwc, euvavKwc, †e¸b, mvZKov, BZ¨vw` †_‡K AvPvi ˆZwi Kiv nq| 3.1.1 Av‡gi AvPvi DcKiYmg~n KuvPv Avg 1 †KwR imyb 30 MÖvg ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi ¸uov 20 MÖvg mwilvi ¸uov 20 MÖvg njy‡`i ¸uov 10 MÖvg Av`v 60 MÖvg ‡gw_i ¸uov 5 MÖvg wRivi ¸uov 2.50 MÖvg wPwb 100 MÖvg jeY 40 MÖvg mwilvi ‡Zj 400 wg. wj. A¨vwmwUK GwmW (M−vwmqvj) 15 wg. wj.

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` - e¨v‡jÝ, mm‡cb, RvSiv, ewU, Qywi, †evZj, PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• ΓwUgy³ KuwU Avg cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q wbb|

9

• Avg †Lvmv mn j¤v K‡i 4 UzK‡iv Ki“b Ges exwU †d‡j UzK‡iv¸‡jv 2% jeY cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• UzK‡iv ¸‡jv †_‡K cvwb Swi‡q wb‡q wbb| • Av`v I imyb ‡Lvmv Qvwo‡q 100 wmwm 1% A¨vwmwUK GwmW wgwk‡q †e−Ûvi †gwk‡b †e−Û K‡i Zv‡Z njy I gwi‡Pi ¸uov fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q wbb|

• GKwU KovB‡q meUzKz mwilvi †Zj wb‡q Zv‡Z Av‡gi UzK‡iv¸‡jv fvjfv‡e †f‡R SvSiv PvgP w`‡q DwV‡q Avjv`v cv‡Î ivLyb|

• Gevi KovB‡qi cwiZ¨v³ †Z‡j Av`v, imyb, njy I gwi‡Pi †c÷ KovB‡qi fvjfv‡e Kwl‡q wbb|

• AZtci ¯í fvRv Av‡gi UzK‡iv, jeY, wPwb, mwilvi ¸uov, wRivi ¸uov, †gw_i ¸uov GK GK K‡i KovB‡q Xvjyb Ges fvjfv‡e wgwj‡q mvgvb¨ R¡vj w`b|

• Aewkó Av¨v‡mwUK GwmW wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ †hvM Ki“b Ges fAjfv‡e R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• wgkªYwU Nb n‡q G‡j R¡vj eÜ Ki“b Ges Mig Ae¯’vq ˆZwiK…Z AvPvi RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i wQuwc Gu‡U w`b| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb †evZ‡ji AvPv‡ii Dc‡i †Z‡ji cÖ‡jc _v‡K|

• AvPv‡ii †evZj¸‡jv ïK‡bv I cwi®‹vi RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq ˆZwi AvPvi msi¶Y Ki“b|

3. 1.2 ‡e¸‡bi UKwgwó AvPvi DcKiYmg~n †e¸b 1 †KwR imyb 30 MÖvg Av`v 60 MÖvg KvuPv gwiP 30 MÖvg ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi ¸uov 20 MÖvg njy‡`i ¸uov 10 MÖvg mwilvi ¸uov 20 MÖvg ‡gw_i ¸uov 5 MÖvg wRivi ¸uov 2.50 MÖvg jeY 40 MÖvg wPwb 100 MÖvg mwilvi ‡Zj 400 wg.

wj.

10

wmiKv 100 wg. wj.

A¨vwmwUK GwmW (M−vwmqvj)

15 wg. wj.

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw`- e¨v‡jÝ, mm‡cb, RvSiv, ewU, Qywi, †evZj, PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• AvPv‡ii Rb¨ mi“ I j¤v †e¸b wbe©vPb Ki“b| ‡e¸‡bi †euvUv †d‡j w`‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q wbb|

• †e¸b¸‡jv 5 †m.wg. j¤v UzK‡iv Ki“b Ges c‡i UzK‡iv¸‡jv j¤vjw¤fv‡e †e‡U `yB dvwj K‡i wbb|

• 1 ‡KwR cwigvY KvUv †e¸b IRb K‡i wbb| • DcKi‡Yi cwigvY Abymv‡i Ab¨vb¨ `ª‡e¨i IRb wb‡q Avjv`v K‡i ivLyb| • Av`v I imyb ‡Lvmv Qvwo‡q 100 wmwm 1% A¨vwmwUK GwmW `ªeY mn‡hv‡M †có ˆZwi Ki“b Ges Zv‡Z njy I gwi‡Pi ¸uov fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q wbb|

• KuvPv gwi‡Pi †euvUv Qvwo‡q wmiKvq wfwR‡q ivLyj| • GKwU KovB‡q meUzKz mwilvi †Zj wb‡q Zv‡Z †e¸‡bi UzK‡iv¸‡jv †f‡R wbb Ges c‡i GKwU SvSiv PvgP w`‡q DwV‡q Avjv`v cv‡Î ivLyb|

• AZtci Av`v, imyb, njy I gwi‡Pi †c÷ KovB‡qi cwiZ¨v³ †Z‡j fvjfv‡e Kwl‡q wbb|

• Gevi Klv‡bv gkjvq fvRv †e¸‡bi UzK‡iv, KuvPv gwiP, wPwb, mwilvi ¸uov, wRivi ¸uov, †gw_i ¸uov G‡K G‡K ‡hvM Ki“b Ges R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• ‡k‡l jeY Ges evwK 14 wg.wj Av¨v‡mwUK GwmW †hvM Ki“b Ges fAjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`b|

• wgkªYwU GKwU cyi“ Nb‡Z¡ G‡j cvÎwU bvwg‡q ˆZwiK…Z AvPvi RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i wQuwc Gu‡U w`b| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AvPv‡ii Dc‡i †Z‡ji cÖ‡jc _v‡K|

• AvPv‡ii †evZj¸‡jv ïK‡bv I cwi®‹vi RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq ˆZwi AvPvi msi¶Y Ki“b|

3.1.3 imy‡bi AvPvi

11

DcKiYmg~n

imy‡bi †Lvmvgy³ †Kvl 1 †KwR evUv imyb 30 MÖvg wPwb 100 MÖvg jeY 50 MÖvg ‡gw_i ¸uov 5 MÖvg Av`v 60 MÖvg ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi ¸uov 20 MÖvg mwilvi ¸uov 20 MÖvg wRivi ¸uov 2.5 MÖvg njy‡`i ¸uov 10 MÖvg mwilvi ‡Zj 400 wg. wj. A¨vwmwUK GwmW (M−vwmqvj) 6.25 wg. wj.

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw`- e¨v‡jÝ, mm‡cb, RvSiv, ewU, Qywi, †evZj, PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• ΓwUwenxb eo AvKv‡ii imyb wbb| †Kvl Avjv`v K‡i †Lvmv Qvwo‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q wbb|

• Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY¸‡jv cwigvYgZ IRb wb‡q Avjv`v K‡i ivLyb| • Gevi Av`v I imyb 100 wmwm 1% A¨vwmwUK GwmWmn †eu‡U ev †e−wÛs †gwk‡b gÛ ˆZwi Ki“b Ges Zv‡Z njy I gwi‡Pi ¸uov fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q w`b|

• GKwU KovB‡q meUzKz †Zj wb‡q Zv‡Z imy‡bi †Kvl¸‡jv mvgvb¨ ‡f‡R SuvSiv PvgP w`‡q DwV‡q Avjv`v cv‡Î ivLyb|

• AZtci mm‡c‡bi cwiZ¨v³ †Z‡j Av`v, imyb, njy I gwi‡Pi †c÷ fvjfv‡e Kwl‡q ¯ífvRv imy‡bi †Kvl¸‡jv †X‡j w`b Ges Av‡¯— Av‡¯— R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• Gevi wPwb, jeY, mwilvi ¸uov, wRivi ¸uov, †gw_i ¸uov fvjfv‡e wgwj‡q GKi ci GK mm‡c‡b Xvjyb Ges R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• ‡k‡l evwK 14 wg.wj Av¨v‡mwUK GwmW †hvM Ki“b Ges fAjfv‡e wgwk‡q R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• Nb n‡q G‡j R¡vj eÜ Ki“b Ges cvÎwU bvwg‡q ˆZwiK…Z AvPvi Mig Ae¯’vq RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i wQuwc Gu‡U w`b| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AvPv‡ii Dc‡i †Z‡ji cÖ‡jc _v‡K|

• AvPv‡ii †evZj¸‡jv ïK‡bv I cwi®‹vi RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq ˆZwi AvPvi msi¶Y Ki“b|

12

3.1.4 eiB Gi wgwó AvPvi DcKiY t

cvKv eiB - 1.0 †KwR fvj Av‡Li ¸o - 1.0 †KwR jeY - 50 MÖvg wRiv - 5 MÖvg †gw_ - 10 MÖvg KvjwRiv - 10 MÖvg ïKbv gwi‡Pi ¸ov

- 5 MÖvg

mwilv ¸ov - 10 MÖvg †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU

- 1 MÖvg

wf‡bMvi - 1 Kvc cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx t

1| ΓwUgy³ eiB wbb Ges cwi¯‹vi cvwb‡Z ayB‡q wbb| 2| †evUv Qvwo‡q `yw`b †iŠ‡`ª ïwK‡q wbb| 3| GK †KwR ¸‡o wZb Kvc Rj wgwk‡q im ˆZix Ki“b| 4| im dzU‡j eiB I jeY w`b| im dzwU‡q Nb Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| cwiwgZ cwigvY wf‡bMvi w`‡q dzwU‡q wbb| 6| GKUz Mig R‡j †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU ¸‡j wgwk‡q w`b| 7| mg¯— gkjv ïK‡bv †Lvjvq †f‡R ¸wo‡q eiB Gi g‡a¨ wgwk‡q w`b Ges †b‡o eiB- Gi Mv gvLv Ki“b|

8| mg¯—Uv VvÛv n‡i mwilvi †Zj Mig K‡i Avevi VvÛv K‡i †gkvb Ges Kuv‡Pi ¯”Q †evZ‡j f‡i †evZ‡ji gyL eÜ K‡i w`b|

13

3.2 PvUbx mvaviYZ jeY I wPwb wgwk‡q PvUbx †Zwi Kiv nq| wewfbœ gkjv wgwk‡q PvUbxi ¯v` I my Ü evov‡bv hvq| `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kivi Rb¨ PvUbx‡Z †mvwWqvg †e‡Rv‡qU (0.6%) †gkv‡bv nq| PvUbx A‡_© hv †P‡U †P‡U †L‡Z nq; fvZ, i“wU, jywP BZ¨vw` ZÛyj RvZxq Lv‡`¨i ms‡M Aí cwigvY PvUbx wgwk‡q †L‡Z fvj jv‡M| PvUbx Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨‡K †ek my v`y I gyL‡ivPK K‡i †Zv‡j| eiB, †ZuZzj, RjcvB, Avg, Avgov I PvjZv, BZ¨vw` †_‡K PvUbx †_‡K PvUbx ˆZwi Kiv nq| 3.2.1 Av‡gi wgwó PvUbx DcKiY t

Av‡gi ¯−vBR - 1.0 †KwR wPwb - 1.0 †KwR jeY - 50 MÖvg wcuqvR - 60 MÖvg imyb - 20 MÖvg Av`v - 25 MÖvg gwi‡Pi ¸ov - 15 MÖvg mwilv - 5 MÖvg GjvP - 5 MÖvg `vi“wPwb - 10 MÖvg †gŠix - 10 ‡KwR wRiv - 5MÖvg wf‡bMvi - 180 wm wm

cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

1| KuvPv A_P cwic° Ges k³ Avg wb‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wbb| 2| AvwU Qvwo‡q †QvU †QvU ¯−vBR Ki“b| 3| Gevi ¯−vBR¸‡jv‡Z mvgvb¨ cvwb †hvM Ki“b Ges c‡i wPwb I jeY wQwU‡q w`b| 4| †cuqvR, imyb, Av`vi †có †Zix Ki“b| Ab¨vb¨ gkjv¸‡jv fvjfv‡e wcwl‡q wbb| 5| ¯−vBR mn KovBwU Gevi mvgvb¨ Zv‡c R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb| 6| Av`v imy‡bi †cómn Ab¨vb¨ gkjv GKUv cvZjv Kvc‡o nvjKv K‡i †e‡a KovB‡Z Wywe‡q w`b|

14

7| Av‡¯— Av‡ — bvo‡Z _vKzb Ges gkjvi cyUwj‡Z Pvc w`‡q im †eo K‡i cvj‡ci mv‡_ wgwk‡q w`b| 8| cvjc gj n‡q Avm‡j gkjvi cyUwj‡Z Pvc w`‡q im †ei K‡i KovB ‡_‡K mwo‡q †djyb| 9| AZtci we‡bMvi †hvM Ki“b Ges Zvc w`b| 10| KvswLZ Nb‡Z¡ G‡j RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i wQwc jvwM‡q w`b Ges cwi¯‹vi I ïK‡bv RvqMvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

3.2.2 eiB-‡ZuZz‡ji UKwgwó PvUbx DcKiYmg~n cvKv ïK‡bv eiB 1 †KwR ‡ZuZzj 250 MÖvg wPwb 1.25 ‡KwR jeY 38 MÖvg ‡gw_i ¸uov 5 MÖvg KvjwRiv 8 MÖvg ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi ¸uov

6 MÖvg

mwilvi ¸uov 12 MÖvg wRivi ¸uov 2.5 MÖvg je‡½i ¸uov 500 MÖvg `vi“wPwbi ¸uov 1 MÖvg Gjv‡Pi ¸uov 500 MÖvg ¸j gwi‡Pi ¸uov 1 MÖvg Rvqdj 1 MÖvg ˆRqÎx 500 wgwj MÖvg mwilvi ‡Zj 100 wg. wj. A¨vwmwUK GwmW 6.25 wg. wj. ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU

750 wgwj MÖvg

15

cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• ΓwUwenxb eiB cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q wbb Ges †evUv Qvwo‡q cwigvYgZ cvwb‡Z mvivivZ Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• ciw`b cvwb‡Z ay‡q Aí cwigvY cvwb wgwk‡q eiB¸‡jv wm× Ki“b| • big n‡q Avm‡j Pzjv †_‡K bvwg‡q Kv‡Vi nvZj/nvZ w`‡q †P‡c cvjc †ei Ki“b|

• cwigvb gZ †ZuZzj fvjfv‡e ay‡q mvgvb¨ cvwb wgwk‡q wKQy¶Y †i‡L w`b| • Gevi euv‡k Pvjbx‡Z †ZuZzj wb‡q nvZ w`‡q N‡l cvjc †ei Ki“b| • AZci eiB‡qi I †ZuZz‡ji cvjc wgwk‡q Zvi mv‡_ wPwb †hvM Ki“b Ges fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q R¡vj w`‡Z _vKzb|

• wgkYwU dzU‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j cÖ_‡g jeY Ges c‡i Ab¨vb¨ gkjv GK GK K‡i †hvM Ki“b|

• wgkYwU Nb n‡j Zv‡Z wba©vwiZ cwigvY A¨v‡mwUK GwmW †hvM K‡i bvo‡Z _vKzb|

• Ab¨ GKwU KovB‡q cwigvYgZ mwilvi †Zj fvjfv‡e dzwU‡q eiB-‡ZuZz‡ji wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ ‡hvM Ki“b|

• wgkªYwU KvswLZ NbZ¡ G‡j (620 weª·) mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb‡Z †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU ¸wj‡q PvUbxi mv‡_ ‡hvM Ki“b Ges fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q Pzjv †_‡K bvwg‡q †djyb|

• RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j PvUbx f‡i fvjfv‡e wQuwc jvwM‡q ïK‡bv I cwi®‹vi RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

2.2.3 KuvPv Avg ev Avjy‡evLivi Svj-wgwó PvUbx ˆZixi c×wZ 6.25 †_‡K 6.50 †KwR KvuPv Avg †_‡K 5 wK‡R kuvm cvIqv hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î cyó kuvmhy³ Avg wb‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi †Lvmv †_‡K cvZjv K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| kuvm¸‡jv‡Z mvgvb¨ jeb †g‡L †WKwP‡Z †i‡L Aí cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| KuvP ev Pxbv gvwUi cvwÎ Aí cvwb w`‡q ïK‡bv Avjy‡evLiv¸‡jv‡K 12 N›Uv wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Zvici exR¸‡jv Qvwo‡q kuvm‡K UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †fRv‡bv cvwb‡Z ‡i‡L wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| GKwU G¨vjygywbqv‡gi KovB‡q 2.5 †KwR cvwb wb‡q Pzj−x‡Z Zvc w`‡Z n‡e| cvwb GKUz Mig n‡j ¸o †f‡½ wb‡q KovB‡q †X‡j nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ bvovPvov K‡i Nb im ˆZix K‡i wb‡Z n‡e; wQ`ªhy³ nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ Mv` Zz‡j wb‡Z n‡e| KovB bvwg‡q wm× Kiv Av‡gi kuvm ev Avjy‡evLivi kuvm †gkv‡Z n‡e| cybivq Pzj−x‡Z g„ y Zv‡c †dvUv‡Z n‡e| Gmgq wns I cuvP‡duvob evwK †i‡L Ab¨vb¨ me gmjv, wKmwgm I †LRyi †gkv‡Z n‡e| nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ Nb Nb bvovPvov Ki‡Z n‡e| kuvm dz‡U GKUz Nb n‡q G‡j jeb I weU jeb †gkv‡Z

16

n‡e| im Nb n‡q A‡a©‡Ki wKQy wekx _vK‡Z cuvP‡duvob I wns †f‡R ¸‡ov K‡i †gkv‡Z n‡e| me‡k‡l wfwbMvi wgwk‡q GKUz dzwU‡q KovB Pzj−x †_‡K bvgv‡Z n‡e| Gevi mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb‡Z †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU ¸‡j PvUbx‡Z †X‡j wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| DËß Ae¯’vq †kvab Kiv cwi®‹vi †evZ‡j fwZ© K‡i k³ fv‡e XvKbv Gu‡U w`‡Z n‡e| †ekx w`‡bi Rb¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡j ms‡M ms‡M cvwbMv‡ni Dò cvwb‡Z PvUbx fiv †evZi¸‡jv 30 wgwbU dzwU‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

3.2.3 KuvPv Avg ev Avjy‡evLivi Svj-wgwó PvUbx ˆZixi c×wZ 6.25 †_‡K 6.50 †KwR KvuPv Avg †_‡K 5 wK‡R kuvm cvIqv hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î cyó kuvmhy³ Avg wb‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi †Lvmv †_‡K cvZjv K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| kuvm¸‡jv‡Z mvgvb¨ jeb †g‡L †WKwP‡Z †i‡L Aí cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| KuvP ev Pxbv gvwUi cvwÎ Aí cvwb w`‡q ïK‡bv Avjy‡evLiv¸‡jv‡K 12 N›Uv wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Zvici exR¸‡jv Qvwo‡q kuvm‡K UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †fRv‡bv cvwb‡Z ‡i‡L wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| GKwU G¨vjygywbqv‡gi KovB‡q 2.5 †KwR cvwb wb‡q Pzj−x‡Z Zvc w`‡Z n‡e| cvwb GKUz Mig n‡j ¸o †f‡½ wb‡q KovB‡q †X‡j nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ bvovPvov K‡i Nb im ˆZix K‡i wb‡Z n‡e; wQ`ªhy³ nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ Mv` Zz‡j wb‡Z n‡e| KovB bvwg‡q wm× Kiv Av‡gi kuvm ev Avjy‡evLivi kuvm †gkv‡Z n‡e| cybivq Pzj−x‡Z g„ y Zv‡c †dvUv‡Z n‡e| Gmgq wns I cuvP‡duvob evwK †i‡L Ab¨vb¨ me gmjv, wKmwgm I †LRyi †gkv‡Z n‡e| nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ Nb Nb bvovPvov Ki‡Z n‡e| kuvm dz‡U GKUz Nb n‡q G‡j jeb I weU jeb †gkv‡Z n‡e| im Nb n‡q A‡a©‡Ki wKQy wekx _vK‡Z cuvP‡duvob I wns †f‡R ¸‡ov K‡i †gkv‡Z n‡e| me‡k‡l wfwbMvi wgwk‡q GKUz dzwU‡q KovB Pzj−x †_‡K bvgv‡Z n‡e| Gevi mvgvb¨ Mig cvwb‡Z †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU ¸‡j PvUbx‡Z †X‡j wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| DËß Ae¯’vq †kvab Kiv cwi®‹vi †evZ‡j fwZ© K‡i k³ fv‡e XvKbv Gu‡U w`‡Z n‡e| †ekx w`‡bi Rb¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡j ms‡M ms‡M cvwbMv‡ni Dò cvwb‡Z PvUbx fiv †evZi¸‡jv 30 wgwbU dzwU‡q wb‡Z n‡e| 3.3 ‡KPvc ev mm& dj I mewRi Nb kuvmv‡jv im ev cvj‡ci ms‡M †ekx gvÎvq wPwb, we‡bMvi I gkjv wgwk‡q †h Lv`¨ cÖ ËZ K‡i msi¶Y Kiv nq †mB Lv`¨‡K mm ev †KPvc e‡j| †KPvc ˆZwii mg‡q dj ev mewRi cvjc e¨envi Kiv nq| †KPvc ev m‡m A¨v‡mwUK GwmW ev wf‡bMvi wgwkªZ _vKvq Gi msi¶Y ¶gZv ev‡o| GQvovI wcÖRvi‡fwUf wn‡m‡e †KPvc ev m‡m †mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU e¨envi Kiv nq| GB Lv`¨¸‡jv †ek gyL‡ivPK| i“wU, cvDi“wU, wN ev †Z‡j fvRv Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i ms‡M Aí cwigvY mm ev †KPvc wgwk‡q †L‡Z

17

†ek fvj jv‡M| mvaviYZ cvKv U‡g‡Uv, cvKv †ZuZzj, KuvPv Avg, BZ¨vw` †_‡K mm ev †KPvc ˆZwi Kiv nq| 3.3.1 U‡g‡Uv †KPvc

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc RbwcÖq U‡g‡Uv RvZ Lv`¨| Z¡K Ges exwPgy³ U‡g‡Uv cvjc‡K Mvp K‡i GUv ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡Z gkjv, jeb, wPwb, Av`v, †cuqvR, imyb cÖf„wZ DcKiY †hvM Kiv nq, hv‡Z †KPv‡c Kgc‡¶ 12% U‡g‡Uv mwjW Ges 25% mgMÖ ev †UvUvj mwjW _v‡K| DcKiYmg~n U‡g‡Uv cvjc

1 †KwR ‡Mvj gwiP 200 wgwjMÖvg

wPwb 60 MÖvg GjvP 200 wgwjMÖvg jeY 10 MÖvg wRiv 200 wgwjMÖvg ‡cuqvR 15 MÖvg ˆRÎx 500 wgwjMÖvg imyb 3 MÖvg gwi‡Pi ¸uov 220 wgwjMÖvg je½ 500

wgwjMÖvg G‡mwUK GwmW 5 wgwj

`vi“wPwb 500 wgwjMÖvg

‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU

400 wgwjMÖvg

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` - wid«v‡±vwgUvi, e¨v‡jÝ, ewU, Qywi, †evZj, PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• gva¨g, cvKv I ΓwUgy³ U‡g‡Uv cwi¯‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q ‡K‡U UzK‡ivUzK‡iv Ki“b| • UzK‡iv¸‡jv GKwU mm‡c‡b wb‡q Kv‡Vi nvZv w`‡q wc‡l U‡g‡Uv cvjc †ei Ki“b| AZtci UzK‡iv¸‡jv †ewi‡q Avmv i‡mi g‡a¨ †i‡L 15-20 wgwbU wm× Ki“b| Z¡K I exwP hv‡Z Avjv`v n‡Z cv‡i GRb¨ Kv‡Vi nvZv w`‡q fvjfv‡e bvo–b| GKwU m~² wQ`ªhy³ Pvjybx‡Z cvjc wb‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Lvmv I exwP Avjv`v Ki“b| GB cvjc †KPvc ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

• U‡g‡Uv cvjc Ges Ab¨vb DciY¸‡jv †g‡c wbb| • ‡cuqvR I imyb KzuwP KzuwP K‡i †K‡U wbb| gwiP, wRiv, †MvjgwiP, `vi“wPwb BZ¨vw` ¸uov K‡i wbb|

• Gevi U‡g‡Uv cvj&c I GK-Z…Zxqvsk wPwb GKwU KovB‡q wb‡q R¡vj w`‡Z nvKzb|

18

• GKwU Kvc‡oi _wj‡Z Av`v-imyb mn Ab¨vb¨ gkjv cyUwj AvKv‡i †eu‡a cvj&‡ci g‡a¨ wb‡q R¡vj w`‡Z _veyb|

• R¡vj ‡`qv U‡g‡Uv cvj&‡ci cwigvY GK-Z…Zxqvsk n‡j gkjvi _‡jwU fvjfv‡e †P‡c im †ei K‡i mwi‡q †djyb| Aewkó wPwb Ges jeY †hvM Ki“b|

• 240 weª· ch©š— ivbœv Kivi ci A¨vwmwUK GwmW †hvM Ki“b Ges †mvwWqvg †ebR‡qU mvgvb¨ cwigvb cvwb‡Z ¸wj‡q cvj&‡ci mv‡_ wgwk‡q 250 weª· ch©š— ivbœv Ki“b|

• Pzjv †_‡K bvwg‡q ˆZixK…Z †KPvc RxevYygy³ †evZ‡j f‡i wQuwc Gu‡U w`‡q 5 wgwbU Dwë‡q ivLyj|

• ‡evZ‡ji MvÎ cwi®‹viK‡i ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

cyUjx ˆZwii cwie‡Z© gkjv¸‡jv ¸uov K‡i GKwU KovB‡q mvgvb¨ cwigvY cvwb wb‡q Zv‡Z fvjfv‡e wm× K‡i Kvco w`‡q †Qu‡K im¸‡jv m‡mi mv_ wgwk‡q †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3.4 Rym A_ev ‡¯‹vqvk ˆZwi K‡i d‡ji im msi¶Y

wewfbœ cÖKvi d‡ji im wb®‹vkb K‡i †¯‹vqvk, †bKUvi A_ev Rym wn‡m‡e `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kiv hvq| ‡¯‹vqvk t d‡ji i‡mi mv‡_ wPwb, cvwb, mvBwUªK GwmW I wcÖRvi‡fwUf ms‡hvRb

K‡i †¯‹vqvk ˆZwi Kiv hvq| †¯‹vq‡k wPwbi cwigvY †ekx _v‡K weavq LvIqvi c~‡e© cvwb wgwk‡q wb‡Z nq|

‡bK&Uvi/Rym t d‡ji i‡mi mv‡_ wPwb, cvwb, mvBwUªK GwmW I wcÖRvi‡fwUf wgwk‡q

†bK&Uvi/Rym ˆZwi K‡i `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ †bKUv‡i wUGmGm-Gi cwigvY Ry‡mi †P‡q †ekx _v‡K| LvIqvi mgq †bK&Uvi A_ev Ry‡m cvwb wgkv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|

3.4.1 Av‡gi Rym

DcKiYmg~n Av‡gi im 1 †KwR mv`v wPwb 820 MÖvg mvBwUªK GwmW 16 MÖvg cvwb 4.8 †KwR ‡KGgGm 660 wgwj MÖvg

19

cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• ΓwUgy³ cvKv Avg cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wbb Ges nvZ w`‡q †P‡c im wbswo‡q wbb|

• ‡gvUv Pvjybx‡Z im †Qu‡K Av‡gi Avuk †d‡j w`b Ges GKwU Avjv`v cv‡Î ivLyb| • wPwb, cvwb I mvBwU&ªK GwmW wgwk‡q wmivc cÖ¯ËZ K‡i 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q VvÛv Ki“b|

• Av‡gi i‡m wmivc Xvjyb Ges nvZv w`‡q †b‡o wgwk‡q w`b| wmivc wgwkªZ im AveviI 5 wgwbU dzwU‡q wbb|

• AZtci †KGgGm wgwk‡q Mig Ae¯’vq RxevYygy³ Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j fwZ© Ki“b Ges †evZ‡ji wQuwc nvjKv K‡i Gu‡U w`b|

• Gevi †evZj¸‡jv cvwb‡Z 20 wgwbU dzwU‡q †bqvi ci wQuwc Gu‡U ﮋ I VvÛv RvqMvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

3.4.2 Av‡gi †bK&Uvi DcKiYmg~n Av‡gi im 1 †KwR mv`v wPwb 400 MÖvg mvBwUªK GwmW 9 MÖvg cvwb 2.5 †KwR ‡KGgGm 500 wgwj MÖvg

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` -e¨v‡jÝ, ewU, Qywi, mm‡cb, SvSiv, Kuv‡Pi †evZj, PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx-

• ΓwUgy³ cvKv Avg cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wbb Ges nvZ w`‡q †P‡c im wbswo‡q wbb|

• ‡gvUv Pvjybx‡Z im †Qu‡K Av‡gi Avuk †d‡j w`b Ges GKwU Avjv`v cv‡Î ivLyb| • wPwb, cvwb I mvBwU&ªK GwmW wgwk‡q wmivc cÖ¯ËZ K‡i 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q VvÛv Ki“b|

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• Av‡gi i‡m wmivc Xvjyb Ges nvZv w`‡q †b‡o wgwk‡q w`b| wmivc wgwkªZ im AveviI 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q wbb|

• AZtci wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ †KGgGm wgwk‡q wKQy¶Y dzwU‡q wbb| • Gevi ˆZwiK…Z †bK&Uvi Mig Ae ’vq RxevYygy³ Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j 1 Bw Lvwj †i‡L f‡i †djyb Ges †evZ‡ji wQuwc nvjKv K‡i Gu‡U w`b|

• ‡bK&Uv‡ii †evZj¸‡jv cvwb‡Z 20 wgwbU dzwU‡q †bqvi ci wQuwc Gu‡U ﮋ I VvÛv RvqMvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

3.5 wPwbi wmiv A_ev je‡Yi `ªe‡Y msi¶Y

evmv evox‡Z djg~j I kvK mewR AwZ mn‡RB Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j msi¶Y Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ dj wPwbi wmivq Ges kvK-mewR je‡Yi `ªe‡Y msi¶Y Kiv nq| 3.5.1 wPwbi wmivq dj msi¶Y cvKv Avg, KuvVvj I Avbvim wbgœewY©Z c×wZ‡Z wPwbi wmivq `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kiv hvq| DcKiYmg~n d‡ji UzKiv 800 MÖvg wPwb 538 MÖvg mvBwUªK GwmW 8 MÖvg cvwb 1 †KwR ‡KGgGm 500 wgwj MÖvg

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` -e¨v‡jÝ, ewU, Qywi, mm‡cb, Kv‡Pi Rvi, ÷x‡ji wWm BZ¨vw`| msi¶‡Yi c×wZ

• dj¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi cvwb‡Z fvj K‡i ay‡q ewU A_ev Qywi w`‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q 2 †m.wg. × 2 †m.wg. × 2 †m.wg. AvKv‡i UzK‡iv Ki“b|

• cwigvb gZ wPwb wb‡q 350 weª· `ªeY ˆZwi Ki“b (538 MÖvg wPwbi mv‡_ 1 †KwR cvwb wgkv‡j 350 weª· wPwbi `ªeY ˆZwi n‡e)|

• cvZjv Kvco w`‡q wPwbi `ªeY †Qu‡K 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q RxevYygy³ Ki“b| • Gevi cwigvYgZ mvBwUªK GwmW I †KGgGm wPwbi `ªe‡Y †hvM Ki“b|

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• d‡ji UzK‡iv¸‡jv‡K RxevYygy³ Kuv‡Pi †evZ‡j f‡i wPwbi `ªeY †hvM Ki“b hv‡Z d‡ji Dc‡i wPwbi `Öe‡Yi AveiY _v‡K|

• nvjKv K‡i wQuwc Gu‡U †evZj¸‡jv dzUš— cvwb‡Z †i‡L 15-20 wgwbU wm× Ki“b| • †evZj¸‡jv dzUš— cvwb †_‡K mwi‡q DËß Ae¯’vq wQuwc Gu‡U w`b Ges D‡ëv K‡i Ki“b|

• VvÛv n‡q Avm‡j wQuwc I †evZ‡ji ms‡hvM ’‡j †gvg Mwj‡q m¤ú~Y© evqy‡ivax Ki“b|

• ‡evZj¸‡jv ﮋ I VvÛv RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Ki“b|

3.5.2 je‡Yi `ªe‡Y meyR dj msi¶Y kZKiv 10 fvM je‡Yi 0.3% A¨v‡m‡UK GwmW I 0.05% †KGgGm wgwk‡q KuvPv Avg, Avgov I RjcvB 6-8gvm fvj Ae¯’vq msi¶Y Kiv hvq Ges c‡i AvPvi I PvUbx ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvq| DcKiYmg~n meyR dj 800 MÖvg jeY 100 MÖvg A¨v‡mwUK GwmW 6 wg. wj. cvwb 1 †KwR ‡KGgGm 1 MÖvg

cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw`- e¨v‡jÝ, ewU A_ev Qywi, mm‡cb, c−vwó‡Ki Rvi/Wªvg, ÷x‡ji wWm BZ¨vw`| msi¶‡Yi c×wZ

- cwicyó KuvPv dj cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q wbb| - d‡ji AvKvi Abyhvqx `yB ev Pvi UzKivq †K‡U ev cy‡ivUvB G c×wZ‡Z msi¶Y Kiv hvq|

- dj¸‡jv e−vwÂs (60-800 †m.†MÖ. ZvcgvÎvq 2-3 wg.) Ki“b|Gici VvÛv cvwb‡Z 10 wgwbU Wywe‡q ivLyb|

- kZKiv 10 fvM je‡Yi `ªeY ˆZix K‡i 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q wbb| - Gevi IRb Kiv GwmW I †KGgGm †hvM Ki“b|

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- c−vwóK Wªvg/Kb‡UBbvi fvjfv‡e cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z ay‡q Ges c‡i Mig (800-900 †m. ZvcgvÎvi cvwb)cvwb‡Z Lwj‡q (Rinse) RxevYygy³ Ki“b|

- dj/ d‡ji UzK‡iv cwi¯‹vi Ges RxevYygy³ Wªvg ev Kb‡UBbv‡i †i‡L je‡Yi `ÖeY †hvM Ki“b|

- Gevi cv‡Îi gy‡L XvKbv jvwM‡q w`‡q ms‡hvM¯’v‡ji Dci AvVvhy³ †Uc fvjfv‡e jvwM‡q w`b hv‡Z cvÎwU m¤ú~Y© evqy‡ivax nq|

- cvÎ ¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi RvqMvq ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq msi¶Y Ki“b| - e¨env‡ii c~‡e© `ªe‡Y msiw¶Z dj /d‡ji UzK‡iv¸‡jv cvwb‡Z ay‡q Mig cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q 3 wgwbU nvjKvfv‡e bvovPvov K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

4. wPc&m ˆZwi K‡i msi¶Y

Kjv, Avjy I KPy BZ¨vw`i wPc&m ˆZwi K‡i `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kiv hvq|

4.1 Kjvi wPc&m DcKiYmg~n - KuvP Kjv/ †g‡ni mvMi Kjv, †jeyi im/mvBwUªK GwmW, mqvweb †Zj| cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` -e¨v‡jÝ, Kv‡Vi ¯−vBmvi, ewU A_ev Qywi, SvSiv †evj, SvSiv PvgP BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• cwic° KuvP Kjv/ †g‡ni mvMi Kjv wbb| • ewU A_ev Qywi w`‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wbb|

• ‡Lvmv gy³ Kjv¸‡jv 0.1 mvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi `ªeY A_ev †jueyi im (1wU †jueyi 4 fv‡Mi 1 fvM 1 †KwR cvwb‡Z) wgwkªZ cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• AZtci ¯−vBmvi w`‡q Kjv¸‡jv‡K 1.5-1.75 wg. wg. cyi“ K‡i †Mvj †Mvj A_ev j¤vjw¤ fv‡e (5-6 †m.wg. j¤v) ‡K‡U wbb| j¤v −vB‡mi Rb¨ Kjv¸‡jv gvSvgvwS As‡k 2 fv‡M fvM K‡i KvU‡Z n‡e|

• ‡Mvj/j¤v dvwj¸‡jv AveviI GwmW/†jueyi im wgwkªZ cvwb‡Z 5 wgwbU Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• Gevi †Mvj/j¤v −vBm¸‡jv GKwU SvSiv PvgP w`‡q DwV‡q euv‡ki Pvjbx/Gjywgwbqv‡gi Pvjbx‡Z †i‡L cvwb Swi‡q wbb|

• cvwb Siv‡iv †kl n‡j †Mvj ¯−vBm/ j¤v ¯−vBm¸‡jv dzUš— mqvweb †Z‡j/cvg I‡q‡j Wywe‡q fvjfv‡e †f‡R wbb|

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• −vB‡mi Mv‡q ivMv‡bv †Zj †kvl‡bi Rb¨ fvRv −vBm¸‡jv cwi®‹vi KvMR/wUmy †ccv‡ii Dci wKQy¶Y †i‡L w`b|

• Gev‡i ¯−vBm¸‡jv‡Z cwiwgY gZ jeY I gkjv wgwk‡q cwi‡ekb Ki“b| • msi¶Y Ki‡Z PvB‡j cwj‡cÖvcvBwjb c¨v‡K‡U A_ev c−vwó‡Ki eq‡g f‡i fvjfv‡e gyL eÜ K‡i msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| msi¶Y Ki‡j jeY †gkv‡bv hv‡e bv|

• cwj‡cÖvcvBwjb gyL wmjvi w`‡q A_ev †gv‡gi Av¸‡b a‡i eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wfZ‡i evZvm cÖ‡ek bv K‡i| eq‡gi XvKbvi Pvwiw`‡K ¯P †Uc AvUwK‡q eÜ Kiv DËg|

4.2 Avjyi wPc&m DcKiYmg~n - gvSvix ai‡bi †ivMgy³ Avjy, jeY, †KGgGm cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I `ªe¨vw` -mm‡cb, ewU A_ev Qywi, ¯−vBmvi, SvSiv PvgP, Pvjbx BZ¨vw`| cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• Avjy ‡jv fvj K‡i ay‡q ewU A_ev Qywi w`‡q †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wbb Ges 2% jeY cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• Gevi Avjy ‡jv ¯−vBmvi w`‡q 1.5 wg.wg. gv‡c †Mvj K‡i †K‡U AveviI jeY cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• −vBm¸‡jv jeY cvwb ‡_‡K DwV‡q Pjš— cvwb‡Z fvj K‡i ay‡q wbb Ges Mig cvwb‡Z (900†m. ZvcgvÎvq) 3-4 wgwbwU e−vwÂs Ki“b|

• AZtci ¯−vBm¸‡jv Mig cvwb †_‡K DwV‡q †KGgGm wgwkªZ (0.5Mªvg/wjUvi) VvÛv cvwb‡Z 10 wgwbU Wywe‡q ivLyb| †KGgGm Gi cwie‡Z© 1% mvBwUªK GwmW e¨envi Kiv hvq|

• Gevi Avjyi ¯−vBm¸‡jv cvwb †_‡K SvSiv PvgP w`‡q DwV‡q Gjywgwbqvg A_ev euv‡ki Pvjybx‡Z †X‡j w`b|

• cvwb S‡i †M‡j Avjyi ¯−vBm¸‡jv dzUš— mqvweb †Z‡j/cvg I‡q‡j Wywe‡q fvjfv‡e †f‡R wbb|

• Avjyi wPc&m¸‡jv †Zjgy³ Kivi Rb¨ cwi®‹vi KvMR/wUmy †ccv‡ii Dci wKQy¶Y †i‡L w`b|

• Gev‡i gwi‡Pi ¸uov, exU jeY BZ¨vw` wgwk‡q cwi‡ekb Ki“b|

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• msi¶Y Ki‡Z PvB‡j cwj‡cÖvcvBwjb c¨v‡K‡U A_ev c−vwó‡Ki eq‡g f‡i fvjfv‡e gyL eÜ K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| eq‡gi XvKbvi Pvwiw`‡K ¯P †Uc AvUwK‡q eÜ Kiv DËg|

Avjyi wPc&m ïwe‡q ivLvi c×wZ

• ‡KGgGm wgwkªZ cvwb †_‡K −vBm¸‡jv DwV‡q Ges cvwb Swi‡q †gwk‡b A_ev gkvixi †b‡Ui Dci †i‡L †iŠ‡`ª fvjfv‡e ïKv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gPg‡P nq|

• Gici ¯−vBm¸‡jv VvÛv K‡i cwj‡cÖvcvBwjb e¨vM /c−vwó‡Ki eq‡g fvjfv‡e gyL eÜ K‡i msi¶Y K‡i msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

4.3 Avjyi †d«Ý d«vB cÖ ËZ cÖYvjx

• ‡Lvmv Qvov‡bv Avjy ‡jv 2.5 †_‡K 3 Bw j¤v K‡i †d«Ý d«vB KvUvi A_ev ewU w`‡q 1/2 Bw e¨vm cwigvY wb‡q dvwj Ki“b I dvwj¸‡jv 2% jeY wgwkªZ cvwb‡Z ivLyb|

• Avjyi dvwj¸‡jv jeY cvwb †_‡K DwV‡q ay‡q wbb Ges Mig cvwb‡Z 3-4 wgwbU evwÂs Ki“b|

• Gevi Avjyi dvwj¸‡jv †KGgGm wgwkªZ (0.5 MÖvg/wjUvi) VvÛv cvwb‡Z 10 wgwbU Wywe‡q ivLyb|

• GKwU SvSiv PvgP w`‡q dvwj¸‡jv DwV‡q cvwb wbswo‡q Mig mqvweb †Z‡j fvjfv‡e †f‡R wbb|

• ‡Zj †kvl‡bi Rb¨ dvwj¸‡jv RvMR A_ev wUmy †ccv‡ii Dc‡i wKQy¶Y †i‡L w`b|

• ‡d«Ý d«vB¸‡jv‡Z jeY wQwU‡q U‡g‡Uv †KPvc jvwM‡q i“wPKi Lvevi wn‡m‡e LvIqv hvq|

• msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡j †Zjgy³ d«vB¸‡jv cwj‡cÖvcvBwjb c¨v‡KU A_ev cjBó‡Ki eq‡g f‡i g~L fvjfv‡e eÜ K‡i `xN©w`b msi¶Y Kiv hvq|

5. Avg, KuvVvj I Avbvi‡mi wgkª mË¡ 5.1 Av‡gi gÛ ˆZix KiY c×wZ cvKv Avg cwi¯‹vi cvwb‡Z ayB‡q †Lvmv Qvov‡bv nh| †Lvmvgy³ Avg¸‡jv A¨vjywgwbqvg cv‡Îi Dci ivLv euv‡ki ˆZix Pvjybxi Dci †i‡L nvZ w`‡q Pvc w`‡q gÛ †ei K‡i AuvwU

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Avjv`v Kiv nq| Pvjybxi Dci c„_KxK…Z gÛ nv‡Z Nmv nq d‡j im mn gÛ Mvgjvq msM„nxZ nq Ges Avuk Pvjybxi Dci †_‡K hvq| Mvgjvq msM„nxZ gÛ wgkª mË¡ ˆZixKi‡Yi Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq| 5.2 Avg I Avbvi‡mi wgkª mË¡ cÖwµqvRvZKiY AvovBkZ MÖvg Av‡gi gÛ Ges AvovBkZ MÖvg Avbvi‡mi gÛ wbb| fvj K‡i wgkvb| wgwkªZ im 10 wgwbU dzwU‡q wbb| Zvici wgwkªZ im nvjKv K‡i ¯í †Zj gvLv †÷Bb‡jR óx‡ji ev A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi _v‡ji Dci ¯—ivKv‡i Qwo‡q w`b| _vjvwUi Dc‡i Qwo‡q †`Iqv gÛ ïKv‡bvi h‡š¿ (55wWMÖx †mt) ZvcgvÎvq ïKvb| g‡Ûi cÖ_g ¯—i ïKv‡bv †kl n‡j Zvi Dci Avi GKwU —I w`‡q Avevi ïKvb| GBfv‡e gÛ †`Iqv I ïKv‡bv Pvwj‡q hvb Ges hLb 3-4 wgt wgt cyi“ n‡q Av‡m ZLb gÛ cÖ‡jc †`Iqv eÜ Ki“b| ‰ZixK…Z wgkª mË¡ VvÛv K‡i †m‡jv‡d‡bi e¨v‡M f‡i e¨v‡Mi gyL mxj Ki“b| Zvici e¨vM¸‡jv wU‡b †i‡L w`b| 5.3 Avg I KuvVv‡ji wgkª mË¡ cÖwµqvRvZKiY AvovBkZ MÖvg Av‡gi gÛ Ges AvovBkZ MÖvg KuvVv‡ji gÛ wbb| fvj K‡i wgkvb| Avg KuvVv‡ji wgkª mË¡ cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi evKx c×wZ Avg I Avbvi‡mi wgkª mË¡ ˆZixKi‡Yi Dc‡iv³ c×wZi Abyiƒc|

6. mewR †_‡K R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW ˆZixi c×wZ R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW †Zixi g‡a¨ mvaviYfv‡e h‡_ó mv`„k¨ Av‡Q| ïaygvÎ cÖ‡f` GB ‡h, R¨v‡gi †¶‡Î mewRi kuvmv‡jv Ask cÖ ËZ Lv‡`¨ †_‡K hvq; †Rwji †¶‡Î mewRi cwi¯‹vi im ev K¡v_ Lv`¨ cÖ Ë‡Z MÖnY Kiv nq| Avi gvg©v‡jW cÖ Ë‡Z R¨vg ev †Rwji g‡a¨ †mB mewRi †Lvmvi wKQy cwigvY KzwP †gkv‡bv nq| KzwP¸‡jv Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ cÖjw¤^Z Ae¯’vq _v‡K e‡j cvbx‡qi mv‡_ wgkª‡Y fvj †`Lvq| R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW cÖ ËZ c×wZ‡K wbgœwjwLZ fv‡e fvM Kiv hvq|

K) mewR †avqv, KvUv I gÛ ˆZix Kiv; L) mewR †_‡K †cK&wUb wb®‹vkb Kiv; M) gÛ I im dzUv‡bv I wPwb wgwkªZ Kiv; N) Lv`¨ ˆZixi †kl ch©v‡q A¤−, Ís, †Lvmvi KzwP I G‡mÝ †gkv‡bv; O) †evZj ev Rv‡i fwZ© Kiv, kxZj Kiv, gyL eÜ Kiv I mxj Kiv|

K) mewR †avqv, KvUv I gÛ ˆZix Kiv t †eix RvZxq mewR‡Z (U‡g‡Uv, MvRi, Xu vom cÖf„wZ) h‡_ó ay‡jv-evwj Rwo‡q _v‡K| GRb¨ Szwo‡Z wb‡q mewR¸‡jv ay‡q Kvc‡oi UzK‡iv w`‡q gy‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| ‡ej, †cu‡c, Kjv I †jeyRvZxq mewRi †Lvmv †Zvjvi ci

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†QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †WPwK‡Z Aí cvwb‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e| G mgq mewR we‡k‡l exR, AvuwU, AvuwZ ev eyK hZUv m¤¢e ev` w`‡Z n‡e| †jeyRvZxq mewRi †avmv †Zvjvi ci †Kvqv¸‡jv‡K `y UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| cvwZ I KvMRx †jeyi †Lvmv †Zvjvi Amyweav nq; G‡¶‡Î †Kvmv bv Zz‡j mewR¸‡jv‡K `y UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e| gvg©v‡jW ˆZixi †¶‡Î mewR we‡k‡li †Lvmv¸‡jv mi“ K‡i †K‡U KzwP ˆZixKi‡Z n‡e| G mgq †Lvmvi bx‡Pi w`‡K mv`v Ask †Pu‡Q i‡mi m‡½ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| KviY G‡Z †ekx †cKwUb _v‡K| cwigvYgZ KyuwP wb‡q Aí cwigvY Lvevi †mvWv wgwkªZ cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| 2-3 evi cvwb cwieZ©b K‡i wm× Ki‡Z n‡e| mywm× KzuwP ¸‡jv Nb wPwbi i‡m 5-7 wgwbU dzwU‡q wb‡q Zz‡j ivL‡Z n‡e Ges ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e| mewR †_‡K R¨vg I †Rwj cÖ Ë‡Zi †¶‡Î KuvPv †cu‡c, big jvD, cvKv wgwó Kzgov cÖf„wZi †Lvmv fvjfv‡e Zz‡j eo eo UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U exR, AvuwZ cÖf„wZ ev` w`‡q ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| MvR‡ii †¶‡Î †`‡ni †Lvmv fvjfv‡e †Pu‡Q wb‡q k³ †WvMv evM w`‡q †QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| U‡g‡Uvi †euvUv, e„wZ cÖf„wZ Zz‡j w`‡q 2-4 UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †WKwP‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e| R¨vg ˆZix‡Z mewRi kuvm‡K wc‡k †bqvi cª‡qvRb nq, G‡K gÛ e‡j| †ej, †cu‡c, U‡g‡Uv cÖf„wZ mewRi †¶‡Î ¯Œz-UvBc cvjcvi bvgK hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡Z KvR `ª“Z nq I kvum †_‡K fvj gÛ ˆZix nq| evox‡Z nvZ Kzuo–wb w`‡q †MvUv mewR †_‡K kuvm Ku‡o †bqv nq| me ai‡Yi KvUv mewR‡K Aí cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i Zvci Mig Ae¯’vq QuvKwb‡Z †X‡j nvZvi Zjv w`‡q N‡l N‡l kvumv‡jv Ask †ei K‡i †bqv hvq| G‡Z †Lvmv, exR cÖf„wZ ev` co‡e| KuvPv †cu‡c, MvRi, jvD, Kzgovi UzK‡iv Kiv kvum wm× K‡i cvwb †d‡j w`‡q †WKwP‡Z †i‡L VvÛv n‡j fvjfv‡e PU‡K wb‡Z n‡e| KvUv U‡g‡Uv‡K XvKv †`qv Ae¯’vq wm× Kivi ci †Qu‡K wb‡Z n‡e| †jeyRvZxq mewRi †¶‡Î KvUv †Kvqv¸‡jv‡K †WKwP‡Z †i‡L mgcwigvY cvwb wgwk‡q XvKv †`qv Ae¯’vq Pzj−x‡Z Pwo‡q 15 wgwbU wm× K‡i Mig Ae¯’vq QuvKwb‡Z †X‡j im †ei K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| L) mewR †_‡K †cKwUb wb®‹vkb Kiv t cÖvq me ai‡Yi mewR †_‡K R¨vg ˆZix Kiv hvq| †cKwUbeûj mewRi kvu‡mi mv‡_ Kg-‡cKwUb hy³ mewRi kuvm wgwk‡q (3t2 Abycv‡Z) wgKmW d«zU R¨vg cÖ ËZ Kiv hvq| Avevi Kg-‡cKwUb hy³ mewRi kuv‡m ‡cKwUb wgwk‡q R¨vg ˆZix Kiv hvq| wKš‘y †Rwj cÖ Ë‡Z †cKwUb eûj mewR e¨eüZ nq| G‡¶‡Î mewRi kvum †_‡K †cKwUb wb®‹vk‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wgwó †ej, wgwó Kzj, KvMRx †jey, wejvwZ, KigPv, UK Xu vom BZ¨vw` AvavcvKv mewR‡Z h‡_ó †cKwUb _v‡K; GB mewR¸‡jv‡K (†jeyi †¶‡Î †Kvqv¸‡jv‡K) †QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U mgcwigvb cvwb‡Z fvjfv‡e wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G mgq Aí cwigvY A¤− wgkv‡j mewR kvum ‡_‡K mn‡R †cKwUb gy³ Kiv hvq| †hgb- 5 †KwR mewRi m‡½ 5 †KwR cvwb I 14 MÖvg mvBwUªK GwmW wgwk‡q cÖvq 30 wgwbU XvKv †`qv Ae¯’vq wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Zvici GK UzK‡iv cwi®‹vi Kvc‡oi e¨v‡M (†Rwj e¨vM) me †X‡j Mig Ae ’v‡ZB †ek Pvc

27

cÖ‡qv‡M (Kv‡Vi ˆZix n¨vÛ †cÖ‡mi mvnv‡h¨) mewRi big kvumv‡jv As‡ki im wbs‡o wb‡Z n‡e| G i‡m h‡_ó †cKwUb _v‡K I im †ek cwi®‹vi †`Lvq| M) gÛ ev im dzUv‡bv I wPwb wgwkªZ Kiv t R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW ˆZixi †¶‡Î im †dvUv‡bv Ges wPwb, mvBwUªK GwmW, is, G‡mÝ BZ¨vw` wgwkªZ Kiv I m܇bi †kl ch©vq wbY©q Kiv cÖvq GKB cÖKvi| cÖf` GB ‡h, R¨vg ˆixi †¶‡Î mewRi gÛ Ask e¨envi Kiv nq| †Rwj ˆZix‡Z mewRi im e¨envi Kiv nq| gvg©v‡jW ˆix‡Z R¨vg ev †Rwj cÖ Ë‡Zi †kl ch©v‡q mewRi †Lvmvi KzwP †gkv‡bv nq| R¨vg ˆZixi †¶‡Î †cKwUbeûj mewR †_‡K R¨vg ˆZix‡Z GKcÖKvi mewRi gÛ cwigvYgZ G¨vjywgwbqv‡gi KovB‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Kg ‡cKwUbhy³ mewR †_‡K R¨vg ˆZix‡Z g‡Û †cKwUb wgkª‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nh| G‡¶‡Î wPwbi m‡½ cwigvYgZ †cKwUb wgwk‡q Zv i‡m Qwo‡q wgkv‡Z n‡e| wgKmW d«zU R¨vg ˆZix‡Z †cKwUbeûj mewRi g‡Ûi m‡½ Kg †cKwUbhy³ mewR gÛ wgwk‡q wb‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq †cKwUb eûj mewRi kvum K‡qK wgwbU wm× Kivi ci Kg †cKwUbhy³ big kuv‡m mewRi w¶‡Î Qvov‡bv `vbv wgkv‡bv nq| †Rwj ‰Zix‡Z †cKwUbeûj mewRi kvumv‡jv im cwigvYgZ G¨vjywgwbqv‡gi KovB‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Rymvv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †jey RvZxq mewRi im wb®‹vkb Kiv n‡j cwigvYgZ im †g‡c †bqvi ci Zv‡Z mgcwigvY cvwb †gkv‡Z n‡e A_©vr 5 †KwR †Rwj ˆZix‡Z 2.5 †KwR †jeyi i‡mi m‡½ 2.5 †KwR cvwb †gkv‡Z n‡e| †jeyi im‡K bvBj‡bi QuvKwb‡Z †Qu‡K KovB‡q wb‡Z n‡e| N) Lv`¨ ˆZixi †kl ch©v‡q A¤−, is, †Lvmvi KzwP I G‡mÝ †gkv‡bv t KovB‡K mgAvu‡P Pzj−x‡Z Pov‡Z n‡e Ges mewRi gÛ ev im‡K Nb Nb nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ bvo‡Z n‡e †hb a‡i bv hvq| gÛ ev im GKUz DËß n‡j cwigvYgZ wPwb wgkv‡Z n‡e| hw` †cK&wUb wgkv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv n‡j cwigvYgZ †cK&wUb Aí cwigvY wPwb‡Z wgwk‡q Zv gÛ ev i‡mi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e, evKx wPwb c‡i †gkv‡Z n‡e| Gmgq nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ Nb Nb bvo‡Z n‡e, †hb wPwb gÛ ev i‡m †ek wg‡k hvq| Lv‡`¨ is †gkv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Gmgq wbe©vwPZ Lv`¨ is Aí cwigvY wgwk‡q wb‡Z n‡e| im dzU‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j ciwgvYgZ mvBwUªK GwmW ¸‡ov K‡i dzUš— gÛ ev i‡mi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| †Rwj ˆZixi †¶‡Î c~‡e© †h cwigvY mvBwUªK GwmW †cK&wUb wb®‹vm‡bi Rb¨ †gkv‡bv n‡qwQj evKx cwigvY mvBwUªK GwmW Gmgq †gkv‡Z n‡e| im Mvp n‡j dzUš— i‡m wPwbi NbZ¡ 68 kZvsk I Gi ZvcgvÎv 2210 dv. Gi KvQvKvwQ Avm‡j KovBwU Pzj−x †_‡K bvgv‡Z n‡e| cix¶vi Rb¨ GKwU mgZj cv‡Î VvÛv cvwb †i‡L Zv‡Z i‡mi †duvUv †d‡j †`L‡Z n‡e Zv cv‡Î covgvÎ R‡g hv‡”Q wK bv| hw` Mig im VvÛvi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m R‡g hvq Zv n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e ivbœv †kl ch©v‡q G‡m †M‡Q| gvg©v‡jW ˆZixi †¶‡Î Gmgq †jey RvZxq mewRi wm× Kiv KzwP¸‡jv cwigvYgZ wb‡q i‡m Qwo‡q w`‡q nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| R¨vg I ‡Rwj msi¶‡Yi †¶‡Î ‡ekx wej¤ bv K‡i Mig Ae¯’vq cwi®‹vi †evZ‡j fwZ© K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| gvg©v‡j‡Wi †¶‡Î Nb i‡m KzwP †gkv‡bvi ci GKUz kxZj K‡i †evZ‡j fwZ© Kiv `iKvi|

28

O) ‡evZ‡j ev Rv‡i fwZ© Kiv, kxZj Kiv, gyL eÜ Kiv I mxj Kiv ‡evZj cwi¯‹vi Kiv ivev‡ii AvswU †`qv I cu vPKvUv XvKbvhy³ PIov gyL wewkó †evZj ev fvj XvKbvhy³ Rvi R¨vg, †Rjx msi¶‡Yi Dc‡hvMx| G cvθ‡jv‡K mvevb ev †mvWvwgwkªZ Mig cvwb‡Z fvjfv‡e cwi¯‹vi K‡i cvwb †S‡o c„_K cv‡Î Mig cvwbi g‡a¨ AvswkK Wywe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|

‡evZ‡j ˆZix R¨vg, †Rjx ev gvg©v‡jW fwZ© Kiv Dò Ae¯’v‡ZB ˆZix R¨vg, †Rjx ev gvg©v‡jW †evZj ev Rv‡i fi‡Z n‡e| ˆZix R¨vg ev †Rwj wó‡ji g‡M †X‡j Mig _vK‡Z _vK‡Z ev Rv‡ii g‡a¨ ax‡i ax‡i †X‡j Kvbvq Kvbvq f‡i wb‡Z n‡e| gvg©v‡j‡Wi †¶‡Î GKUz kxZj K‡i cÖwZwU †evZ‡j fivi mgq GKUz †b‡o fwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e|

kxZj Kiv G Ae¯’vq †evZj¸‡jv‡K GKwU DuPz †Uwe‡ji Dci Zz‡j ivL‡Z n‡e; gyL †Lvjv Ae¯’vq 24 N›Uv ivL‡Z n‡e| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ R¨vg, †Rwj I gvg©v‡jW R‡g hv‡e| gyL eÜ Kiv hw` R¨vg, †Rwj ev gvg©v‡jW‡K `xN©Kv‡ji Rb¨ msi¶Y K‡i ivL‡Z nq Z‡e GKwU wU‡bi cv‡Î †gvg Mwj‡q cÖwZwU †evZ‡ji †Lvjv gy‡L R¨vg, †Rwj ev gvg©v‡j‡Wi Dci GKwU K‡i †gvg †X‡j w`‡Z n‡e| Aí¶‡Yi g‡a¨B †gvg R‡g hv‡e| Zvici cu vP †`qv XvKbv¸‡jv cÖwZwU †evZ‡ji gy‡L k³ K‡i Gu‡U w`‡Z n‡e|

mxj Kiv, †j‡ej jvMv‡bv I msi¶Y Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K KviLvbvq GK we‡kl ai‡Yi mxj _v‡K; GB mxj e¨envi K‡i cY¨‡K bKj nŸvi nvZ n‡Z i¶v Kiv hvq| mx‡j †j‡fwjs Øviv Drcbœ `ª‡e¨i Dcv`vb, cÖ ‘‡Zi mgq, ¯’vwqZ¡, KviLvbvi bvg I Lv‡`¨i bvg cÖf„wZ D‡j−L _v‡K| e¨emvwqK †¶‡Î Drcbœ c‡Y¨i mxj I †j‡fwjs Kiv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb| †evZj¸‡jv‡K ﮋ I kxZj N‡ii g‡a¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

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6.1 KuvPv Avg I X uvom †_‡K wgwó R¨vg ˆZix DcKiY t mewRi kvum 1 †KwR, wPwb 1 †KwR, Av`v 50 MÖvg, ïK‡bv gwiP 4-5 wU, †gŠix 5 MÖvg, †MvjgwiP 5 MÖvg, †cKwUb 5 MÖvg, wKmwgm 100 MÖvg I cwigvYgZ jeb| cÖ —Z cÖYvjx t Avg cvZjv K‡i †Lvmv Zz‡j kuvm †K‡U AvwU ev` w`‡q wb‡Z n‡e| KigPv `yÕUzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U exR Zz‡j wb‡Z n‡e| Gevi Pzj−x‡Z Aí cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| eo dv‡mi Pvjywb‡Z †X‡j N‡l N‡l kuvm †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖvq †`o †KwR mewR †_‡K 1 †KwR kuvm cvIqv hv‡e| GKwU G¨vjywgwbqv‡gi KovB‡q kuvmv‡jv im wb‡q Pzj−x‡Z Pov‡Z n‡e| Av‡gi †¶‡Î Aí †cKwUb wgkª‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| KigPv I X uvo‡m h‡_ó †cKwUb _v‡K| Kv‡RB †cKwUb †gkv‡Z n‡e bv| im GKUz Mig n‡j wPwb †gkv‡Z n‡e| im dzU‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j wKmwgm I Av`v evUv †gkv‡Z n‡e| GB mgq mveav‡b nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ bvovPvov Ki‡Z n‡e| im †ek NYxf~Z n‡j Pzj−x †_‡K KovB bvgv‡Z n‡e| ïKbv gwiP, †MvjgwiP I †gŠix‡K ïK‡bv †Lvjvq †f‡R wb‡q wgwn K‡i ¸wo‡q wb‡Z n‡e| GB gmjv nvZvi mvnv‡h¨ i‡m †Nu‡U w`‡Z n‡e| Mig Ae¯’vq †kvabKiv PIovgyL wkwk‡Z fwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡ii w`b Mjv‡bv ‡gvg gy‡L †X‡j mxj K‡i XvKbv Gu‡U msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| 7. kvK-mewR ïK‡bv K‡i msi¶Y K‡qK cÖKvi dj I mewR‡K Pov †iv‡` wewQ‡q ïwK‡q wb‡q fwel¨‡Z Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ msi¶Y K‡i mvLvi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q; dj I mewR‡Z i‡mi cwigvY 12 kZvs‡ki Kg n‡i Zvi msi¶Y ¶gZv †e‡o hvq| K‡qK cÖKvi dj I mewR‡K GB c×wZ‡Z msi¶Y Kiv nq| gUiïwU, mxg cÖf„wZi `vbv (exR); AvgjKx, †LRyi, evuPv Avg, †ZuZzj, dzjKwc, euvavKwc, weU, MvRi cÖf„wZ mewR †ek ïK‡bv Ae¯’vq Ave× cv‡Î †i‡L msi¶Y Kiv hvq| Ave× cv‡Î ïK‡bv `vbv I mewR‡K wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ fvj Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z n‡j cv‡Îi XvKbv fvjfv‡e ivL‡Z n‡e; wKQy‡ZB Rjxq ev®ú hv‡Z ﮋ Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z bv cv‡i †m e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e| Rjxq ev‡®úi ms¯ú‡k© G‡jB Gme cvwb †kvlY K‡i I big n‡q D‡V; cvwb †kvwlZ Lv`¨`ªe¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi QÎvKNwUZ RxevYy ev KxUcZ½ Øviv Avµvš— n‡q hvq| Kv‡RB Lv`¨fivU cv‡Îi XvKbv k³ fv‡e Gu‡U ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb cv‡Îi g‡a¨ ïK‡bv Lv`¨ f‡i ivLvi mgq †QvU GKwU cwjw_‡bi _wj‡Z GK UzK‡iv ﮋ K¨vjwmqvg †K¬vivBW ev cv_‡i Pzb †i‡L w`‡j ïK‡bv Lv`¨ fvj _vK‡e| A‡bK mgq msiw¶Z Lv`¨`ª‡e¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi vxUcZ‡½i Avµgb †`Lv hvq; KxUcZ‡½i Dc`ªe cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ †mjdm U¨ve‡jU e¨Knvi Kiv hvq| cÖwZ 50 †KwR `vbv RvZxq Lv`¨ ªe¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU †mjdm U¨ve‡jU cÖ‡qvRb| ax‡i ax‡i GB U¨ve‡jU ‡_‡K dmwdb bvgK GK cÖKvi welv³ M¨vm Drcbœ n‡q msiw¶Z Lv`¨‡K KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY

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†_‡K i¶v K‡i| cv‡Î g‡a¨ Av‡iKwU †QvU _wj‡Z cUvwkqvg †gUvevBmvjdvBW mvgvb¨ mvBwUªK GwmW ev †jeyi im wgwk‡q †i‡L †`qv n‡j Lv`¨`ª‡e¨ QvZv covi Avi fq _v‡K bv| cÖwZ 10 †KwR Lv`¨`ªe¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ 6-7 MÖvg cUvwkqvg †gUvevBmvjdvBW jvM‡e| Gi †_‡K mvjdvi WvB A·vBW M¨vm Drcbœ n‡q Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K i¶v Ki‡e| 7.1 euvavKwc ïK‡bv K‡i msi¶Y c×wZ evuavKwc ïK‡bv K‡i msi¶Y Kivi c×wZ I mveavbZv m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤§v³ e³e¨ ivL‡eb| cÖwZ eQi gvN dvêyb gv‡m Ggb GKwU mgq Av‡m ‡h mgq evRv‡i evuavKwc cÖPzi †`Lv hvq; Gmgq evuavKwci evRig~j¨ †ek K‡g hvq; PvlxivI fv‡jv g~j¨ cvq bv| wKš‘ evuavKwc Ggb GKwU mewR hvi cywógvb h‡_ó| wØZxqt KzuPv‡bv MvRi, weU, gUiïwU BZ¨vw`i mswgkª‡Y GB Lv`¨wU †ek gyL‡ivPK I cywóKi| K…l‡Ki evox‡Z mn‡R evuavKwci KzPv‡bv cvZv‡K †ek ïK‡bv Ae ’vq 5-6 gvm msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq| cyó evuavKwci Dc‡ii meyR cvZv¸‡jv Qvwo‡q cvwb‡Z fv‡jv K‡i ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Zvici G¸‡jv Szwo‡Z †i‡L aviv‡jv ewUi mvnv‡h¨ big cvZv¸‡jv mi“ K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e; ewUi Zjvq GKwU cwi®‹vi cwjw_b w`‡Z n‡e| 1 †KwR KvPuv cvZv †_‡K 200-250 Mªvg ïK‡bv cvZv ‰Zix Kiv hvq; Kv‡RB hZUv ïK‡bv cvZv msi¶Y K‡i ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †mgZ KvuPv cvZv †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e| KvuPv cvZ¸‡jv‡K †iv‡` wewQ‡q ïK‡bv Kivi Av‡M AvswkK fv‡e fvwc‡q ev Dò cvwb‡Z wm× K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G‡Z cvZv¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e ïKv‡e Ges Zv‡Z †Kvb MÜ _vK‡ebv| †h †Kvb cÖKvi c×wZ‡Z GUv Kiv hvq|

1) KzuPv‡bv cvZv¸‡jv‡K wVK Wyev‡bvigZ cwigvY cvwbi cv‡Î wb‡q cvÎwU Pzj−x‡Z dzUv‡Z n‡e; cvwb dzU‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j Pzj−x †_‡K cvÎwU bvwg‡q KzPv‡bv Kwc cvZ¸‡jv wgwbU Lv‡bK Mig cvwbi g‡a¨ Pzwe‡q †i‡L Zvici GKwU Szwo‡Z †X‡j cvwb Swi‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

2) Pzj−x‡Z Aí cvwbmn GKwU cvÎ Po‡Z n‡e; cv‡Îi gy‡L GKwU Sywo‡Z K‡i cvZ¸‡jv ivL‡Z n‡e| cv‡Î cvwb †dvUvi mgq †h ev¯ú wbM©Z n‡e Zvi Zv‡c cvZ¸‡jv wm× n‡Z _vK‡e; gv‡S gv‡S Szwo SvuwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e †h Dc‡ii cvZv¸‡jv bx‡P P‡j Av‡m Av bx‡Pi wm× cvZ¸‡jv Dci D‡V| 5-7 wgwbU c‡i Szwo bvwg‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

evuavKwci cvZv¸‡jv VvÛv n‡j cwigvYgZ ¸‡ov jeb I njy gvwL‡q cwi®‹vi Wvjv‡Z wewQ‡q ci ci 6-7 w`b †ivw` ïKv‡Z n‡e| ïK‡bv cvZv¸‡jv VvÛv K‡i XvKbv †`qv wU‡bi cv‡Î f‡i gyL k³ fv‡e Gu‡U ivL‡Z n‡e| †h mgq evuavKwc ivbœv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e †m mgq ïK‡bv cvZv‡K 3-4 N›Uv cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| dzjKwc, weU, MvRi I †QvU †QvU UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U fvwc‡q Zvici †iv‡` ïK‡bv K‡i GKB fv‡e

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msi¶Y Kiv hvq| ïK‡bv Kiv weU, MvRi mviv eQi iKgvix Lv`¨ cÖ —‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvq| mveavbZv 1) †KejgvÎ Aa©wm× kvK-mewR fvjfv‡e ïKv‡bv hvq; Lye †ekx †hb wm× bv nq †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|

2) ïK‡bv Kivi mgq †hb ay‡jv-evwj bv jv‡M GRb¨ cvZjv Kvco w`‡q †X‡K ivLv `iKvi|

7.2 Av`v ﮋKiY cÖ —Z cÖYvjx - ΓwUgy³ Av`v wbb| †Lvmv Qvovb| 1-1.5 wgwjwgUvi cvZjv †MvjvKvi dvwj Ki“b| 2% jeY cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q ivLyb| Mig cvwb‡Z (90 wWMÖx †mt) 2-3 wgwbU e−vwÂs Ki“b| cvwb wbsovb Ges 5% jeY wgwk‡q wKQy¶Y cv‡Î ivLyb| ïKv‡bvi h‡š¿ 55 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq ïKvb| ﯋ Av`v †m‡jv‡d‡bi c¨v‡K‡U f‡i e¨v‡Mi gyL eÜ K‡i w`b| ﮋ I VvÛv RvqMvq ivLyb| 8. f~Uªvi LB ‡jvnvi KovB‡q evjy wbb| Zvc w`‡Z _vKzb| evjyi ZvcgvÎv hLb 140 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖW _v‡K ZLb f~Uªv evjy‡Z w`b| KovB‡qi f~Uªv nvZv w`‡q AbeiZ bvo‡Z _vKzb| `yÕGKUv f~Uªv †_‡K LB †dvUv ïi“ n‡jB nvZvIqvjv Mvgjv w`‡q dzUš— LB GKUz Avovj K‡i †X‡K †i‡L bvo‡Z _vKzb| f~Uªv †dvUv †kl n‡j evjy mn LB wQ`ªhy³ A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi ev ZviRv‡ji Pvjywbi Dci †X‡j LB Avjv`v K‡i wbb| LB VvÛv K‡i †m‡jv‡d‡bi c¨v‡K‡U f‡i c¨v‡K‡Ui gyL eÜ K‡i w`b| 8.1 ‡Z‡j †f‡R f~Uªvi LB cÖ¯ËZ KiY A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi KovB‡Z mwilvi †Zj Xvjyb| `yBkZ MÖvg f~Uªvi Rb¨ 30 GgGj †Zj w`b| †Z‡ji ZvcgvÎv hLb 140-160 wWMÖx †mt nq Ges GKUz †auvqv †ei nq ZLb Mig †Z‡j f~Uªv Ges c‡i mvgvb¨ jeY wQwU‡q w`b| f~Uªv AbeiZ bvo‡Z _vKzb| `yÕGKUv f~Uªv †_‡K LB †dvUv ïi“ n‡jB nvZvIqvjv Mvgjv w`‡q dzUš— LB GKUz Avovj K‡i †X‡K †i‡L bvo‡Z _vKzb| f~Uªv †dvUv †kl n‡j KovB †_‡K wQ`ªhy³ nvZv w`‡q LB DwV‡q wbb Ges †Zj wbs‡o VvÛv Ki“b| VvÛv LB †m‡jv‡d‡bi c¨v‡K‡U f‡i c¨v‡K‡Ui gyL eÜ K‡i w`b|

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9. M„nch©v‡qi cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Y ¯v¯’ wewa cvjb M„nch©v‡qi cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi g~j j¶¨ `ywU-

1. ‡gŠmygx Drcv`b msi¶Y K‡i evowZ mg‡qi Rb¨ cwiev‡ii Lv`¨ I cywó mieivn

2. msiw¶Z Lv`¨`ªe¨ weµq K‡i evowZ Av‡qi ms¯’vb| GQvovI †gŠmy‡gi evowZ dm‡ji msMÖ‡nvËi AcPq †iv‡ai gva¨‡g evRv‡i Lv‡`¨i mieivn evov‡bv m¤¢e nq|

dmj msMÖn ev cï cvwL RevB Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi KvR ïi“ nq Ges cÖwµqvRvZ Lv`¨ f¶Y Kivi ga¨ w`‡q GB cÖwµqvi mgvwß N‡U| dm‡ji cwigvbgZ I cywógvbMZ AcPq Kwg‡q AwaK cwigv‡b mwVK ¸Ygvb m¤úbœ Lv‡`¨i mieivn evov‡bv Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRZKi‡Yi GKwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨| Lv‡`¨I Z_v dj, mwâ I dm‡ji cwieZ©b N‡U-

• Rxevbyi Avµg‡b • ivmvqwbK wewµqvq • Lv‡`¨i Af¨š—i¯’ GbRvB‡gi Øviv

Rxevbyi Øviv Lv‡`¨ †hme cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq Zvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q-

• Lv‡`¨ welwµqvi m„wó • Lv‡`¨i cPb • msi¶Y Kv‡R wKQy DcKvix Rxevbyi e¨envi

Lv‡`¨ we‡li Dcw¯’wZ bvbv Kvi‡b n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-

• cÖvK…wZK fv‡e Dcw ’Z welv³ c`v_©| †hgb-evavKwc, cvjskvK cÖf„wZ mwâ‡Z ÕMqUª‡RbÕ Õ†m‡cvwbbÕ cÖf„wZ welv³ c`v_©|

• ivmvqwbK welv³ c`v_© hv bvbvfv‡e Drcvw`Z dm‡j msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-Av‡m©wbK, cvi`, mxmv cÖf„wZ|

• Rxevby wbtm„Z welv³ c`v_© Rxevby wbm„tZ welv³ `ªe¨ cªavbZt `yB ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-

K) QÎvK wbm„tZ wel| †hgb-ÓAvdjvUw·bÓ hv mvaviYZ †ewk Av`ª©Zv m¤úbœ †MvjvRvZ fyÆv, wPbvev`vg, Wvj dmj cÖf„wZ `vbv RvZxq dm‡j †`Lv hvq|

33

Lv‡`¨ welwµqv `y'iK‡gi e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Kvi‡b GB welwµqv mvwaZ nq †hgb-

• ‡Kvb †Kvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv Lv‡`¨i gva¨‡g gvby‡li kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges esk e„w× K‡i msL¨v evovq Ges cwi‡k‡l kix‡ii Af¨š—‡i wel Drcbœ K‡i †hgb-m¨vj‡gv‡bjv e¨vK‡Uwiqv| GB Rxevbyi AbycÖ‡e‡k D`ivgq RvZxq welwµqv QvovI UvBd‡qW, c¨vivUvBd‡qW cÖf„wZ †iv‡Mi m„wó K‡i|

• Av‡iK cÖKv‡i welwµqv N‡U †hLv‡b Rxevby KZ©„K wel cÖ_‡g Lv‡`¨ Drcvw`Z nq Ges GB welv³ Lv`¨ LvIqvi d‡j gvby‡li kix‡i welwµqv NUvq| †hgb-eUzwjRg, Õ÷¨vdvB‡jvK°vmÕ dzW cqRwbs cÖf„wZ|

‡h me Drm †_‡K Gme Rxevby Lv‡`¨ msµwgZ nq, †m¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- cvwb, KvuPvgvj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ dj, mwâ, †cvKvgvKo, cwi‡aq e¯¿, kix‡ii Abve„Z Ask, Pzj, hš¿cvwZ| Kv‡RB ¯v¯’ Kv‡RB ¯v¯’ m¤§Z cwi‡ek I cwi”QbœZv cvj‡bi gva¨‡g Aek¨B Gme Drm †_‡K Rxevby msµgb eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| 1| cvwbt cvwb d¨v±ix‡Z e¨eüZ nq

• hš¿cvwZ cwi¯‹vi Kivi Kv‡R • Lv`¨ DËß Kivi Kv‡R • msi¶Y cv‡Îi kxZjxKi‡Yi Rb¨ • ‡Kvb †Kvb cÖwµqvRvZ Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb wnmv‡e|

cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB weï× cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges †mRb¨ e¨env‡ii Av‡M cvwb †kvab K‡i wb‡Z nq| cvwb †kva‡bi g~j KvR `ywU-

• fvmgvb c`v‡_©i `~ixKiY| KvRwU cvwb w_wZ‡q Kiv nq Ges G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ U¨vsK RvZxq †PŠev”Pv e¨eüZ nq| GQvov we‡kl fv‡e cÖ ËZK…Z wdëviI e¨eüZ nq| GB `ywU c×wZB Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e GKUz axiMwZ m¤úbœ | ZvB †kvaYK…Z cvwb a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ eo eo U¨vs‡Ki ms¯’vb _vKv `iKvi hv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb n‡jB cvwb cvIqv hvq|

• Rxevby `~ixKiY cvwb †kva‡bi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †¶Î| cvwb †kva‡bi Rb¨ †h wdëvi e¨envi Kiv nq Zv Rxevby Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨I Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e cvwbi Rxevby `g‡bi Rb¨ †h cÖwµqv me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki Ges †mvRv Zv n‡jv †K¬vwib `ªeY (5-8 wcwcGg) cvwb‡Z †gkv‡bv| cvwb hw` Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb wnmv‡e e¨envi

34

Kiv nq Zvn‡j †K¬vwi‡bi cwigvY Kwg‡q 0.5 wcwcGg gvÎv e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| mieivnK…Z cvwb‡Z †K¬vwib †gkv‡bv I cvwb‡Z ms‡hvwRZ †K¬vwi‡bi cwigvY gvcvvi wbw`©ó c×wZ Av‡Q| Rxevby `g‡bi Av‡iKwU wKQyUv e¨qmva¨ c×wZ Av‡Q, Zvn‡jv cvwb Aš—Zt 10 wgwbU Zv‡c dzUv‡bv|

KviLvbvq Kg©iZ e¨w³‡`i Øviv Lv‡`¨ Rxevbyi msµgb n‡j `ywlZ Lv`¨ f¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv Rb mvavi‡bi gv‡S Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i| cÖwµqvKvix wkí BDwb‡Ui ZvB `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Kg©Pvix I kªwgK‡`i‡K kvixwiK I e¨w³MZ cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ wb‡`©k Rvix Kiv Ges hv‡Z GB me wb‡`©k cvjb Kiv nq †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivLv| †ivM Rxevbyi msµgY cÖwµqvRvZ Lv‡`¨I cÖKv‡ii DciI wbf©i K‡i| †hgb- †evZjRvZ d‡ji im ev wUbRvZ Lv`¨| G¸‡jv cÖ_‡g msi¶Y cv‡Î fwZ© Kiv nq Ges c‡i H Ae¯’vq Zv‡ci gva¨‡g Rxevbi gy³ Kiv nq| mivmwi cvÎ †_‡KB e¨envi nq e‡j Rxevby msµgb nIqvi fq Kg _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i bv¯—v RvZxq fvRv Lv`¨, ivbœv Kiv gvsm cÖf„wZ Lv‡`¨ Zvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡i Kg©x‡`i nvZ jv‡M e‡j G¸‡jv msµg‡Yi fq _v‡K| †Zgwb AvBmµxg ev Ab¨ `y»RvZ Lv`¨ mvgMÖx †h¸‡jv‡Z cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M Zvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq bv G¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e c¨v‡KU RvZ bv n‡j †ivM Rxevby Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|

2| hš¿cvwZ hš¿cvwZ †avqvi cÖwµqv A‡bKUv wbf©i K‡i cÖwµqvaxb Lv`¨ Ges KvuPvgv‡ji Dci| ïK‡bv Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi Rb¨ ‡hme hš¿ e¨envi Kiv nq ‡m¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Yi KvR Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mnR, cÖwZw`b gy‡Q, †S‡o wb‡jB nq c¶vš—‡i †h me hš¿cvwZ `ya, gvsm ev dj/mwâ cÖwµqvRv‡Zi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq, †m¸‡jv wWUvi‡R›U ev RxevbybvkK ivmvqwbK mn‡hv‡M wfwR‡q †i‡L Zvici cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z nq| mvavibZ †h me h‡š¿ Lv`¨ DËß Kiv nq, †m¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z mgq I DcKiY jv‡M †ewk| Gme hš¿cvwZ cwi¯‹v‡ii Kv‡R wWUvi‡R›U Ges RxevbybvkK ivmvqwbK `y‡UvB jv‡M| cÖ_gwU Lv‡`¨i †j‡M _vKv KYv `~ixf~Z K‡i, c‡iiwU †_‡K hvIqv Rxevby aŸsm K‡i| RxevbybvkK ivmvqwbKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †K¬vwib `ªeY e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †mvwWqvg nvB‡cv‡K¬vivBW 1 fvM 200 fvM cvwb‡Z `ªexfyZ K‡i GB ivmvqwbK ‰Zix Kiv hvq| Z‡e †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e e¨env‡ii ci GB ivmvqwb‡Ki †Kvb KYv †hb †j‡M bv _v‡K Ges GwU †hb †Pv‡L bv jv‡M I wKQy wKQy mnR wbqg Av‡Q †h¸‡jv cÖwµqvRv‡Zi RvqMvq †g‡b Pj‡j Lv‡`¨ †ivM Rxevby msµg‡Yi SzwK A‡bKvs‡k wbeviY Kiv hvq| †m¸wj wbgœiƒct

• Kg©Pvix‡`i ¯v¯’ wewa †g‡b Pjvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv fv‡jv K‡i eywS‡q †`qv| • ‡ivMvµvš— e¨w³, kix‡i Nv, PzjKvwb, ¶Z Av‡Q Ggb †jvK ev †c‡Ui Amy‡L Avµvš— Ggb †jvK‡K w`‡q cÖwµqvRvZKiY bv Kiv‡bv|

35

• Kv‡Ri Av‡M mvevb Øviv Kg©Pvix‡`i `yB nv‡Zi KbyB ch©š— Aš—Z 30 †m‡KÛ †avqv Avek¨K|

• gqjv hy³ bL bv ivLv, cwi¯‹vi †Zvqv‡j e¨envi Kiv| cÖwZevi Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii ci cybivq mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv Ges nvZ †avqvi ci cwi¯‹vi Kvc‡o nvZ gy‡Q †djv|

• cÖwZwU hš¿ I hš¿vsk e¨env‡ii ci †K¬vwibhy³ cvwb w`‡q †avqv I †gvQv| • aygcvb wbeviY I †hLv‡b †mLv‡b _y_y bv †djv| • cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ Kvco cov‡bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Gme mieivn Kiv Ges Gme cwi‡aq e¯¿ me© v gqjvgy³ ivLv|

• ‡avuqv I Kvwj †ewi‡q hvIqvi iv¯—v _vK‡Z n‡e| • nv‡Z M−vm, gv_vi Pzi m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ¯‹vd© w`‡q XvKv I ci‡b G‡cªvY _vK‡Z n‡e| • cÖwµqvRv‡Zi Av‡M, mgq I c‡i mg¯— Lv‡`¨vcKiY me mgq †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| • `iRv, Rvbvjv I †fw›U‡jUv‡i gkv, gvwQ I †cvKvgvKo wbeviK w¯Œb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

10. cÖwµqvRvZ c‡b¨i wnmve wbKvk I Drcv`‡bi nvi wb×v©ib

dj/mewR cÖwµqvRvZ I weµq Ab¨vb¨ †h †Kvb cb¨ Drcv`‡bi gZ GKwU wewb‡qvMgyLx cÖwµqv Ges A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i jvf DcvR©b GB cÖwµqvq g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq| Kv‡RB MÖv‡g †nvK, kn‡i †nvK ev wkív‡j d¨v±ix‡Z †nvK, Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h ch©v‡qB wewb‡qvM Kiv †nKv bv †Kb, wnmve wbKvk fv‡jv K‡i Abyaveb K‡i weµqg~j¨ I Drcv`‡bi nvi Av‡MB wVK K‡i †bIqv `iKvi| MÖvgxb gwnjv‡`i †ejv‡ZI cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv I Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ cwiPjbv Kivi Rb¨ GB wnmve wbKv‡ki ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| eZ©gvb Õ‡jmb kx‡UÕ GKwU D`vnib Dc ’vcb K‡i wnmve wbKv‡ki e¨vcviwU mnR K‡i eyS‡bv n‡jv| Avgiv Rvwb †h †Kvb dmj ev cb¨ Drcv`b I weµ‡qi Rb¨ cÖv‡qvRb UvKv ev gyjab| GB UvKv mvavibZ `yBfv‡e e¨q nq- g~jabx LvZ (Capital cost) †hgb wbg©vbKvR, hš¿cvwZ µq BZ¨vw` eve` LiP Ges PjwZ LvZ (Operating cost) hv ‰`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRb †hgb KvuPvgvj, R¡vjvbx, DcKiY µq BZ¨vw` eve` LiP nq| cÖwµqvRvZ c‡b¨i (Processed product) weµq g~j¨ wbav©iY Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g GB c‡b¨i Drcv`b e¨q wbY©q Kiv `iKvi| mvaviYZ Drcv`b e¨‡qi Dci wbשvwiZ nv‡i jvf †i‡L H c‡b¨i weµq g~j¨ w ’i Kiv nq| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb mwVK fv‡e Drcv`b e¨q (Cost of production) wbY©q Kiv| G Rb¨ †h c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq Zv GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, g~jabx LvZ hš¿cvwZ feb wbg©vb cÖf„wZi myweavw` m„wói Rb¨ †h e¨q nq, Zv wewb‡qvMKvixi `xN© ’vqx m¤úwË (Permanent Assets) ZvB G¸wj Drcv`b e¨‡qi wnmv‡e Av‡m bv| Z‡e g~jabx Lv‡Zi mv‡_ mswk−ó KwZcq e¨q †hgb N‡ii fvov, hš¿cvwZi

36

Kvh©KvwiZv n«vm (Depreciation), kªwgK e¨q BZ¨vw` GB Drcv`b Li‡Pi wnmv‡e ai‡Z n‡e| GKwU D`vniY w`‡q welqwU †evSv hvK| g‡b Kwi KvuPv Av‡gi PvwUwb ‰Zixi 2 gvm †gqv`x GKwU Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q| g‡b Kiv hvK, 2 gvm †gqv`x PvUwb ˆZixi Kvh© µ‡g LiP n‡q‡Q wbgœi“ct K) wbwÏ©ó LiP(Fixed Costs) (2 gv‡mi Rb¨)

Ni fvov = 600 2 gv‡mi Rb¨ ¯’vqx kªwgK

= 1000

hš¿cvwZi = 30 gyj¨n«vm () wbeÜxKib = 50 jvB‡mÝ wd = 25 cwi”QbœZv welqK mb` = 50

†gvU = 1755 L) AwbwÏ©ó LiP (Variable cost)

KvuPvgvj I DcKib = 900 c¨v‡KwRs = 100 A ’vqx kªwgK = 100 hvZvqvZ = 200 weÁvcb †`qv = 300 R¡vjvbx I we` yZ = 300

‡gvU = 1900

hw` cÖwZgv‡m 25 w`‡b KvR nq Ges cÖwZw`b 60wU K‡i c‡b¨i wgwb c¨v‡KU Drcvw`Z nq, Zvn‡j GB Kvh© µ‡g Drcvw`Z c‡b¨i cwig 25 MÖvg c‡b¨i 3000wU wgwb c¨v‡KU Ges Gi Rb¨ AwbwÏ©ó LiP n‡q‡Q 1900/- Ges wbwÏ©ó LiP n‡q‡Q 1755/- A_©vr †gvU LiP 3655/-| by bc‡¶ 3655/- Gi Dc‡i 15% jvf †`wL‡q hw` weµqgyj¨ wbשvib Ki‡Z nq Zvn‡j cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡Ui LyPiv weµq g~j¨ `vovq 1.40 | GLb evRv‡ii Pvwn`v I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Dci wbfv©i K‡i LyPiv g~j¨ wKQy evwo‡q ewשZ jvf Avq Kiv m¤¢e| GLb †`Lv hvK, H Kvh© µ‡g Drcv`‡bi nvi b~ b c‡¶ wK ivLv `iKvi| G‡K e‡j Drcv`‡bi nvi (Break even point) A_©vr Kvh© Kvjxb †gqv‡` Drcv`‡bi nvi by bc‡¶ KZUzKz ivL‡j wewb‡qvM K…Z A_© (Invested Capital) Avcbvi Rb¨ jvf e‡q Avb‡e|

37

Av‡gi PvUwbi D`vnibwU w`‡q welqwU †evSv‡bv nj| 1g avct cÖwZwU c¨v‡K‡Ui Rb¨ AwbwÏ©ó Lv‡Zi LiP KZUzKz n‡q‡Q Zv †ei Kiv| cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡Ui Rb¨ AwbwÏ©ó e¨q=1900----- 3000 = 0.63 2q avct AwbwÏ©ó Lv‡Zi wn‡m‡e cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡Ui jvf wbשvib cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡Ui LyPiv g~j¨ = 1.40 AwbwÏ©ó e¨q ev‡` cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡U jvf = 1.40-0.63 = 0.77 3q avct by bZg Drcv`‡bi nvi wbb©q 2 gvm †gqv`x wbwÏ©ó =1755/- 2 gvm †gqv‡` by bZg Drcv`b = 1755---0.77 = 2280 wU c¨v‡K‡U A_©vr ‰`wbK 60wU c¨v‡KU I gv‡m 25 w`b KvR K‡i †h Kvh© µg †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z 2 gv‡m †gqv‡` 3000 wU c¨v‡KU Drcvw`Z nq hv by bZg Drcv`b gvÎvi (Break even point) Gi †P‡q †ekx| AZGe, GB nv‡i Drcv`b cÖwµqv GKwU jvfRbK wewb‡qvM cÖwµqv| 8.1 U‡g‡Uv †KPvc Gi e¨emv U‡g‡Uc †KPvc ‰Zix GKUv jvfRbK e¨emv| eZ©gv‡b A‡bK D‡`¨vMx gwnjv N‡i e‡m U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZix K‡i wewµ Ki‡Qb| Avgv‡`i †`‡k AvRKvj cÖPzi cwigv‡Y U‡g‡Uv Drcbœ n‡”Q| myZivs †h me GjvKvq cÖPzi U‡g‡Uv cvIqv hvq †mLv‡b Aí cuywR‡ZB G e¨emvUv ïi“ Kiv m¤¢e| mviv eQi KuvPvgvj ev U‡g‡Uv cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e ‡gŠmy‡gi mgq ˆZix K‡i mviv eQiB wewµ Kiv hvq| cwiev‡ii mevB mvnvh¨ Ki‡j evB‡ii kªwgK Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| 15,00 UvKv cuywR wb‡q e¨emvUv ïi“ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| AwfÁZv bv _vK‡jI Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ wk‡L †bqv hvq| AvRKvj wewfbœ GbwRI/e¨emv cÖwZôvb G e¨vcv‡i cÖwk¶Y w`‡q _v‡K|

38

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZix‡Z †h mKj DcKiY jv‡M

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZix‡Z wKQy ¯’vqx DcKiY jv‡M hv GKevi wKb‡j A‡bK w`b e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| KvRUv ïi“ Ki‡Z †h †h ¯’vqx DcKiY jv‡M Zv GLv‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: -

DcKiY cwigvY cÖwZwUi g~j¨ ‡gvU g~j¨

Mvgjv 3 Uv 100/- 300/- Qywi 2 Uv 25/- 50/- Kv‡Vi wcwo 2 Uv 50/- 100/- mmc¨vb 2 Uv 250/- 500/- euv‡ki Pvjyb 1 Uv 25/- 25/- I‡qU e¨vjvÝ (10 †KwR IR‡bi)

1 Uv 600/- 600/-

I‡qU e¨vjvÝ (0-50 MÖvg IR‡bi)

1 Uv 600/- 600/-

PvgP (eo) 2 Uv 20/- 40/- †QvU PvgP (c−vwóK) 2 Uv 5/- 10/- gmjv ivLvi cvÎ 2 Uv 10/- 20/- c−vwóK †ev‡qg 6 Uv 10/- 60/- gkvixi †bU 1 MR 20/- 20/- Kuv‡Pi †evZj 1 MÖ“m cÖwZwU 5/- 720/- K¨vc wmwjs †gwkj (†QvU) 1 Uv 2,500/- 2,500/- ‡j‡ej 3200

Uv 1,601/-

‡gvU 7,146/- * 1 MÖ“m = 144 wcP&

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZixi KuvPvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ LiP

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc& ˆZixi cÖavb KuvPvgvj U‡g‡Uv hv kxZKv‡j cÖPzi nq| gwnjv D‡`¨v³viv AwZ mn‡RB cvKv U‡g‡Uv †RvMvo K‡i †KPvc ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GKUv †QvU AvKv‡i U‡g‡Uv †KPvc& ˆZixi e¨emvq †h mg — KuvPvgvj jvM‡e Ges ‡h LiP co‡e Zvi wnmve bx‡P ‡`qv n‡jv t

39

DcKiY cwigvb ev msL¨v cÖwZ

†KwR/UvKv

‡gvU UvKv

U‡g‡Uv 50 †KwR 2 UvKv 100/- wcuqvR 1 †KwR 500 MÖvg 12 UvKv 18/- imyb 90 MÖvg 40 UvKv 5/- je½ 30 MÖvg 400 UvKv 60/- GjvP I †Mvj gwiP

60 MÖvg 400 UvKv 60/-

`vi“wPwb (cvDWvi)

30 MÖvg 200 UvKv 24/-

ïKbv gwiP (cvDWvi)

30 MÖvg 100 UvK 5/-

jeY 1 †KwR 125 MÖvg 12 UvKv 15/- wPwb 3 ‡KwR 32 UvKv 96/- *wf‡bMvi 1500 wgwj wjUvi cÖwZ wjUvi

25/- 38/-

‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU

10 MÖvg 100 UvKv 1/-

cwienY 500/- ‡gvU UvKv 922/-

* 25 wgwj wjUvi G‡mwUK GwmW 975 wgwj wjUvi weï× cvwb wgwk‡q 1 wjUvi we‡bMvi ˆZix Kiv hvq (1wjUvi G‡mwUK Gwm‡Wi `vg 40/-)

1| bx‡Pi DcKiY¸‡j †RvMvo Ki“b

DcKiY cwigvY DcKiY cwigvY

U‡g‡Uv im 30 †KwR cvDWvi) jeY 125 MÖvg wcuhvR (KvUv) 400 MÖvg wPwb 3 †KwR imyb (KvUv) 90 MÖvg wf‡bMvi 1500 wgwj je½ 30 MÖvg ïKbv gwiP 30 MÖvg GjvP I †MvjgwiP (cvDWvi)

60 MÖvg ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU 10 MÖvg

`vi“wPwb (cvDWi) 30 MÖvg

(Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi Dci cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi cwigvY Kg/†ekx n‡Z cv‡i|)

40

2| cvKv I †`vlgy³ U‡g‡Uv wb‡q UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U exwP Qvwo‡q wm× K‡i Pvjwb w`‡q im msMÖn Ki“b| 3| U‡g‡Uvi i‡m gmjvi e¨vM I wZb fv‡Mi GK fvM (1 †KwR) wPwb w`‡q R¡vj w`b| R¡vj w`‡q im wZb fv‡Mi GK fv‡M wb‡q Avmyb| 4| Gevi gmjvi e¨vMwU Zz‡j wf‡bMvi, jeY I evKx wPwb wgwk‡q GKUz R¡vj w`‡q †evZ‡ji Dcwifv‡M mvgvb¨ RvqMv Lvwj †i‡L evqynxb fv‡e gyL eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| VvÛv n‡j †j‡ewjs K‡i evRviRvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc wewµi e¨e¯’v Ges Gi jvf †jvKmv‡bi wnmve

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc wewµ AvRKvj Avi KwVb e¨vcvi bq| kn‡ii Rj-Lvevi ev dvó dz‡Wi †`vKvb My‡jv‡Z wewfbœ Lvev‡ii ¯v` e„w×i R‡b¨ ni`g wewµ n‡”Q U‡g‡Uv †KPvc| ZvQvov †Rjv kni¸‡jvi wewfbœ †eKvix ev Kb‡dKkbvix ¸‡jv‡ZI wewµ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvBKvix wnmv‡eI eo eo †Kv¤úvbxi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wewµ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hw` fv‡jv gv‡bi †KPvc ˆZix Kiv hvq Zvn‡j evRviRvZKiY †Zgb mgm¨v bq| wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbxi U‡g‡Uv †KPvc evRv‡i i‡q‡Q| †`kxq †KPv‡ci cÖwZ †evZ‡ji `vg 40/45 UvKv| wejwKm †eMg U‡g‡Uv †KPvc wewµi ¯’vb wnmv‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb kn‡ii wewfbœ dvó dz‡Wi †`vKvb| wZwb wewfbœ †gjv (miKvix I †emiKvix fv‡e Av‡qvwRZ), miKvix I GbwRI Awdm, wewfbœ †nv‡Uj, kn‡ii wewfbœ Lvevi we‡µZvi †`vKv‡bI mievivn K‡ib| wejwKm †eMg Zvi cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq 2 w`‡b 40 †evZj †KPvc Drcv`b K‡i|

wb‡P 1 gv‡mi LiP I wewµi GKwU wnmve †`qv n‡jv t

wewµ - 600 (cÖwZ †evZj 35 UvKv)

21,000 UvKv

LiP - KuvPvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ LiP 14,955 UvKv ¯’vqx LiP (DcKiY ¶q) 80 UvKv †gvU LiP 15,035 UvKv jvf 5,965 UvKv

gv‡m †m 600 †evZj †KPvc Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

‡KPvc ˆZixi av‡c av‡c KvR I kª‡gi wnmve

hviv †QvU AvKv‡i GB e¨emv K‡ib Zv‡`i K‡ib Zv‡`i AwfÁZv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h †KPvc ˆZix Ki‡Z †ekx mgq jv‡M bv| †gŠmy‡gi mgq evRv‡i cÖPzi U‡g‡Uv _v‡K|

41

DcKiY¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv n‡q †M‡j cÖwZ 2 w`‡b 40 †evZj †KPvc ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e| Z‡e bx‡P †Kvb Kv‡R KZ mgq jv‡M Zvi GKUv wnmve †`qv n‡jv t

KuvPvgvj µq (U‡g‡Uv) 15 evi

cÖwZ evi 2 N›Uv ‡gvU 30 N›Uv

gmjv ¸ov I e¨vM ˆZix 4 evi cÖwZ evi 2 N›Uv ‡gvU 8 N›Uv U‡g‡Uv im R¡vj †`qv 15

evi cÖwZ evi 6 N›Uv ‡gvU 30 N›Uv

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc †evZ‡j fiv

15 evi

cÖwZ evi 2 N›Uv ‡gvU 30 N›Uv

‡j‡ej jvMv‡bv 15 evi

cÖwZ evi 2 N›Uv ‡gvU 30 N›Uv

wewµ Kiv (1/8 Kg© w`em)

mviv gvm ‡gvU 30 N›Uv

me©‡gvU = 218 N›Uv KuvPvgv‡ji g‡a¨ U‡g‡Uv cÖwZevi wKb‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Ab¨vb¨ KuvPvgvj gv‡m GKevi

wKb‡jB n‡e|

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZixi e¨emvqI wKQy mgm¨v Av‡Q| †hgb;-

� ‰Zix Kivi c‡i evRviRvZ Ki‡Z mgq †ekx jvM‡Z cv‡i| � mviv eQi KuvPvgvj cvIqv hvq bv| � ‰Zix Kivi mgq DcKiY¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e bv wb‡j ¯v‡`i wfbœZv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

� Aí cwigvY †KPvc ˆZix K‡i †ekx jvf Kiv KwVb| � A‡bK mgq evKx‡Z wewµ Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i hvi d‡j evRv‡i cuywR AvU&Kv co‡Z cv‡i|

� ‡QvU e¨emvqx‡`i c‡¶ my›`i †evZj I †j‡ej Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|

U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZixi Kv‡R †QvU e¨emvqxi Rb¨ m¤¢vebvi w`K

� Drcv`b †gŠmy‡g Kg g~‡j¨ KuvPvgvj msMÖn Kiv mnR � ‡gŠmy‡gi mgq U‡g‡Uv gÛ ‰Zix K‡i msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j mviv eQiB †KPvc ˆZix Kiv hvq|

� U‡g‡Uv †KPvc Gi gvb fvj n‡j evRviRvZ Kiv mnR| � U‡g‡Uv †KPv‡ci Pvwn`v w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q|

42

� wewfbœ GbwRI cÖwµqvRZ Lv`¨ ˆZixi Dci cÖwk¶Y cÖ vb Ki‡Q| †hgb- AvBwUwWwR-evsjv‡`k Gi Lv`¨ cÖwKµqvRvZKiY Kg©m~Px |

‡Kv_vq U‡g‡Uv †ekx Drcvw`Z nq?

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j †hgb- kixqZcyi, dwi`cyi, gv`vixcyi, h‡kvi, ivRkvnx, MvBevÜv, w`bvRcyi, iscyi, KzwoMÖvg, bxjdvgvix BZ¨vw` †Rjvq cÖPzi U‡g‡Uv Drcv`b nq| †gŠmy‡gi mgq ïaygvÎ cÖwµqvRvZ bv Kivi Rb¨ cÖPzi U‡g‡Uv cu‡P bó nq| ZvQvov Gm `vgI cÖwZ †KwR 2/3 UvKvq †b‡g Av‡m| myZivs Gme GjvKvi Drcv`b †gŠmy‡g GKUz m‡PZb fv‡e U‡g‡Uv ¸‡jv‡K cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i mviv eQiB e¨emv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡Uv‡gUv †KPvc ˆZixi cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ †Kv_vq cv‡eb?

cÖK…wZ e¨emvqx n‡Z n‡j ev mn‡R AwaK Drcv`b Ki‡Z PvB‡j Aek¨B wKQy hš¿cvwZ e¨envi AZ¨vek¨K| Avi Gme hš¿cvwZ †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq Zv hw` Avcbvi Rvbv _v‡K Ges m¤¢ve¨ `vgI †R‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K Nyi‡Z n‡e bv| bx‡P U‡g‡Uv †KPvc ˆZix hš¿cvwZ DcKiY¸‡jv †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq †mB ¯’vb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡jv t

I‡qU e¨vjvÝ 10 †KwR IR‡bi bIqvecyi, XvKv| I‡qU e¨vjvÝ 0-50 MÖvg IR‡bi bIqvecyi, XvKv| Kuv‡Pi †evZj wgU‡dvW©, XvKv| K¨vc wmwjs †g‡kb bIqvecyi, XvKv| ‡j‡fj bIqvecyi, XvKv| ‡mvwWqvg †eb‡Rv‡qU bIqvecyi, XvKv|

8.2 Kjvi wPcm& Gi e¨emv Kjvi wPcm& ‡ek gyL‡ivPK I gRv`vi Lvevi| †QvU †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨š— wcÖq| A‡b‡KB Gi e¨emvwqK w`KUv fve‡Q| AvBwUwWwR- evsjv‡`k Gi G‡MÖv-cÖ‡mwms BDwbU Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi GB Avqe„w×g~jK cÖhyw³wU mevi gv‡S Qwo‡q †`qv ïi“ K‡i‡Q| ¯í cyuwR wewb‡qvM K‡i hviv AwaK jv‡fi Avkv K‡ib Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix GKUv m¤¢ebvgq A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ n‡Z cv‡i| Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi mvaviY Z_¨

- Kg©KvÛwU mviv eQi a‡i Kiv m¤¢e| - AwZw_ Avc¨vq‡b wKsev Pv bv¯—vi mv‡_ Kjvi wPcm& †L‡Z †`qv hvq|

43

- A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wnmv‡e cyi“l gwnjv mK‡ji Rb¨ Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi e¨emv Dc‡hvMx|

- Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix I wewµ mnR| - GB Kg©Kv‡Û †_‡K Kg‡ekx wbqwgZ Avq Avm‡e| - mn‡RB ˆ`wbK 150 UvKv ev Zvi †ekxAvq Kiv m¤¢e| - cuywR Kg jv‡M| mvaviYZ 2500-5000 UvKv n‡jB GB e¨emv ïi“ Kiv hvq| - cvwievwiK kªg w`‡qB G e¨emv Pvjv‡bv hvq| eo AvKv‡i Ki‡j `yB GK Rb evowZ kªwgK jv‡M|

e¨emv ïi“ Ki‡Z wK wK DceiY jvM‡e? GB KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z †ekx DcKiY jv‡M bv| wKQy ’vqx DcKiY n‡jB ïi“ Kiv hvq| Z‡e †h me DcKiY jvM‡Z cv‡i Zv GLv‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t K) hš¿cvwZ

¯−vBmvi 1Uv 80 UvKv KovB gvSvix 1 Uv 120

UvKv Mvgjv c−vwóK gvSvix

3 Uv 120 UvKv

I‡qU e¨v‡jÝ 1 Uv 0MÖvg-2†KwR Ges 0-50 MÖvg

400 UvKv

wPKb KvwV 1 Uv 5 UvKv Qywi 2 Uv 60 UvKv wmwjs †gwkb 1 Uv 1000

UvKv 1785

UvKv L) KuvPvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ LiP Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix‡Z †h me KuvPvgvj jv‡M †m¸‡jv ¯’vbxq ch©vq cvIqv hvq| D‡`¨v³viv wb‡RivB KuvPvgvj msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ¶z ª AvKv‡i Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi Kv‡R †h KuvPvgvj jvM‡e Ges ‡h LiP co‡e Zvi wnmve bx‡P ‡`qv n‡jv t

44

GK †KwR Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix Ki‡Z ‡h †h DcKiY I hš¿cvwZi `iKvi nq Zvi weeiY|

KuvPvgvj cwigvb ev msL¨v g~j¨ KuvPv Kjv (eo) -mvMi

24 wcP = 3 †KwR 35 UvKv

ˆZj (mqvweb) 1 †KwR fvRvi Rb¨ 350 MÖvg

15 UvKv

wf‡bMvi 1 †KwRi Rb¨ 2 wjUvi 4 UvKv weU jeb 1 †KwRi Rb¨ 50 MÖvg 2 UvKv †Mvj gwiP 10 MÖvg 2 UvKv cwj †cÖvcvBwjb 100 MÖvg 9 UvKv R¡vjvbx 5 †KwR 10 UvK 77 UvKv

M) Ab¨vb¨ LiP KuvPvgvj Qvov Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi †¶‡Î Av‡iv wKQy Avbylvw½K LiP jv‡M| G ai‡Yi Li‡Pi g‡a¨ Av‡Q-

* c¨vwKs AvbygvwbK 25 UvKv * hvZvqvZ I wi·v fvov

AvbygvwbK 100 UvKv

‡gvU

125 UvKv

Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi e¨emv ïi“ Kivi mgq hš¿cvwZ, KuvPvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ LiP eve` cÖvq 1987 UvKv`iKvi n‡e| Gi GKUv wnmve bx‡P †`qv n‡jv t

hš¿cvwZ LiP 1798 UvKv

KuvPvgvj LiP 77 UvKv Ab¨vb¨ LiP 125 UvKv ‡gvU cyuwR 1987

UvKv Av‡iv Kg cyuwR w`‡qI GB e¨emv ïi“ Kiv hvq| Z‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡e e¨eüZ KuvPvgvj I Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡bi Dc‡i|

45

wKfv‡e Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix Ki‡Z nq? Kjvi wPcm& ˆZix †Zgb †Kvb RwUj KvR bq| ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— K‡qKwU av‡c KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e| 1| cwicyó I †`vlgy³ KvuPv Kjv †Lvmv Qvwo‡q 5-10 wgwbU wf‡bMv‡i Wywe‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| 2| −vBmvi w`‡q Kjv¸‡jv †K‡U Mig †Z‡j †f‡R GKUz VvÛv K‡i weUjeY I gmjv ¸ov wgkv‡Z n‡e| 3| VvÛv Ae ’vq evZvm bv †Xv‡K Ggb fv‡e c¨v‡K‡U f‡i gyL AvU‡K w`‡Z n‡e| Kjvi wPcm& Gi evRvi Ges wewµ †KŠkj evRv‡i wPcm& mieiv‡ni mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi Pvwn`v evo‡e Ges wewµi e¨e¯—vI mnRZi n‡e| †QvU †QvU e¨emvqxiv wewfbœ fv‡e Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z wPcm& wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewµi K‡qKUv D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †KŠkj n‡jv t

♦ mivmwi cvov cÖwZ‡ekx †µZvi wbKU wewµ Kiv| ♦ evox‡Z e‡m cvBKv‡ii Kv‡Q wewµ Kiv| ♦ cvBKvi A_ev LyiPv †`vKvb`v‡ii Kv‡Q w`‡q Avmv/wewµ Kiv| ♦ wewfbœ nv‡U ev Rbmgv‡e‡k wM‡q LyPiv wewµ Kiv BZ¨vw`|

me ai‡Yi wewµi e¨e¯’vB fvj n‡e| Z‡e GK GK GjvKvi cwi‡ek-cwiw ’wZ, †µZvi i“wP I msL¨v GKGK iKg| wewµi mgq ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e †Kvb GjvKvi Pvwn`v wKiKg| †m Abyhvqx wPcm& ˆZix K‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK RvqMvq wPcm& c¨v‡KU wn‡m‡e wewµ n‡e Avevi †Kv_vI IR‡b wewµ n‡e| GK Pvjvb gvj ˆZix Ki‡Z KZw`b I wK cwigvb mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i? K‡qKRb e¨emvqxi AwfÁZv †_‡K Rvbv hvq KuvPvgvj †Kbv †_‡K wPcm& ˆZix I wewµ ch©š— Kv‡R wewfbœ D‡`¨v³vi wewfbœ †gqv‡` mgq jvM‡e hv g~jZt wbf©i K‡i wK cwigvY wPcm& ˆZix Kiv n‡e Zvi Dci| Z‡e GK Pvjvb (Drcv`b Pµ) gvj ˆZix Ki‡Z 1 mßvn ev 60 N›Uv kªg jvM‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †ekx n‡j kªg Kvj Av‡iv †ekx jvM‡e|

46

jvf-‡jvKmv‡bi wnmve mvaviYZ: 3 †KwR KuvPv Kjv †_‡K 1 †KwR wPcm& ˆZix Kiv hvq| aiv hvK 7 w`‡b GKRb e¨emvqx †gvU 140 †KwR wPcm& ˆZix Ki‡Z Pvb| G R‡b¨ Zvi hš¿cvwZ, gRyix, cwienb BZ¨vw` †hme LiP n‡e Zvi weeiYt

DcKi‡Yi bvg cwigvb ev msL¨v

cÖwZ GKK DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ (UvKvq) †gvU g~j¨

KuvPvKjv (eo) 420 ‡KwR 12 5,040 UvKv

‰Zj (mqvweb) 42 ‡KwR 40 1,680 UvKv

wf‡bMvi 280 wjUvi 2 560 UvKv weUjeY 7 †KwR 30 210 UvKv

Kv‡Ri avc KZevi Kiv nq cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq †gvU kªgKvj

KuvPvgvj µq 2 evi 2 N›Uv 4 N›Uv KuvPvKjvi ‡Lvmv †d‡j †`Iqv

2 evi 4 N›Uv 8 N›Uv

IRb Kiv 2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv wf‡bMv‡i Wywe‡q ivLv

2 evi 30wgwbU 1 N›Uv

‡Zj Mig Kiv 2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv Kjv ¯−vBm Kiv 2 evi 3 N›Uv 6 N›Uv wPcm& fvRv 2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv weUjeY I †MvjgwiP wgkv‡bv

2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv

cwj‡cÖvcvBwj‡b f‡i IRb Kiv

2 evi 2 N›Uv 4 N›Uv

evqyk~Y¨ Kiv 2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv wmwjs †gwk‡b wmj Kiv

2 evi 2 N›Uv 4 N›Uv

¸`vgRvZKiY Kiv 2 evi 1 N›Uv 2 N›Uv wewµ Kiv cÖwZw`b cÖwZw`b 3 N›Uv K‡i 21 N›Uv 60 N›Uv

47

‡Mvj gwiP 1.4 wK‡R 200 280 UvKv cwienb LiP 2 w`b 100 200 UvKv c¨v‡KwRs LiP 140 †KwR 2 280 UvKv k¨wgK LiP cÖwZw`b 3 Rb

K‡i 7 w`b 40 840 UvKv

R¡vjvbx LiP cÖwZw`b 100 †KwR K‡i 2 w`b

5 1000 UvKv

evRviRvZKiY LiP 5 w`b 75 375 UvKv ‡gvU LiP 10,465

UvKv hš¿cvwZ

¯−vBmvi 2 wU 80 UvKv 160 UvKv Mvgjv c−vwóK 4 wU 35 UvKv 70 UvKv KovB (gvSvix)

2 wU 100 UvKv 200 UvKv

Qywi 4 wU 30 UvKv 120 UvKv hš¿cvwZeve`

‡gvU LiP 620 UvKv

‡gvU LiP (DcKiY + hš¿cvwZ) 11,085 UvKv

Dc‡i †h wnmve †`qv n‡q‡Q †m Abyhvqx hw` 1 mßv‡n 140 †KwRi gZ wPcm& ˆZix Kiv nq Zvn‡j D‡`¨v³vi jvf n‡e †gvU 2,815 UvKv A_©vr ˆ`wbK 402 UvKvi gZ| wnmveUv wb‡P †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t

wewµ 140 †KwR 100 UvKv

14,000 UvKv

LiP =KuvPvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ LiP

11,085 UvKv

¯’vqx LiP (DcKiY ¶q)

100 UvKv

†gvU LiP 11,185 UvKv bxU jvf 2,815 UvKv

48

‡h †h Kvi‡Y GB Kg©KvÛwU evQvB Ki‡eb wewfbœ Kvi‡Y ¶z ª D‡`¨v³iv Kjvi wPcm& ˆZixi KvRUv evQvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb t

� Kg cyuwR‡Z †ekx jvf| � Aí mg‡q wbhwgZ Av‡qi my‡hvM n‡e| � KvRUv cwiPvjbv Kiv mnR| GbwRI mn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb †_‡K FY mnvqZv cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

� GUv GKUv DVwZ e¨emv| � cwiev‡ii mK‡j wg‡j GB e¨emv Kiv hvq| � KuvPvgvj msMÖn Kiv mnR|

wKQy mZK©Zv I Amyweav hviv GKv‡R RwoZ n‡eb Zv‡`i wKQy Amyweav n‡e, G¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡iB bZzb GB Kv‡R bvgv DwPZ| †hgb t

� `i `ª“Z DVvbvgv Ki‡e| � LyPiv wewµi †P‡q cvBKvi A_ev gyw`i †`vKv‡b mieiv‡ni Dci †ekx wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z A‡bK mgq jvf K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i|

� A‡bK mgq evKx‡Z wewµ Ki‡Z n‡e, hv GKRb Ly‡` e¨emvqxi c‡¶ mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|

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