2008 Estimates of Mercury Air Emissions in Michigan

2008 ESTIMATES OF ANTHROPOGENIC MERCURY AIR EMISSIONS IN MICHIGAN

Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy Air Quality Division

P.O. Box 30260 Lansing, Michigan 48909-7760

September 2019

i

Executive Summary This report is a compilation of estimates from the 2008 triennial inventory of anthropogenic mercury emissions prepared by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy1 (EGLE), Air Quality Division (AQD). The estimates for many point sources were obtained from the Michigan Air Emissions Reporting System (MAERS). Estimated emissions are reported annually to MAERS by approximately 1700 facilities and are subject to limited quality assurance efforts by EGLE to identify, verify, and correct outlier data. Values were also obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). Where facility-reported values were not available, estimates were calculated by the AQD through application of emission factors or stack test emission rates to facility-reported throughput data. In addition to point source estimates of mercury, values are included for area sources. Mercury calculations were prepared by the AQD for the stationary nonpoint sector based on county employment, population data, and other inputs. Values for some categories and the mobile source sector were obtained from the USEPA. The triennial mercury inventory was prepared using the best available estimates at the time of the inventory’s development. Due to the use of stack test-based calculations and emission factors obtained from published reports, the augmented inventory is considered more likely to represent the emissions from individual sources than values based on default emission factors. It should be noted that the enhanced estimates are not quality assured by the facilities themselves.

1 Formerly the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Table 1. 2008 Estimates of Anthropogenic Mercury ............................................................... 1

Fuel combustion ............................................................................................................................... 4 Coal Combustion .......................................................................................................................... 4 Oil Combustion ............................................................................................................................ 6 Natural Gas Combustion ............................................................................................................ 11 Wood Combustion...................................................................................................................... 21 Petroleum Refining .................................................................................................................... 23 Residential LPG (Propane) Combustion .................................................................................... 24

INCINERATION............................................................................................................................ 24 Sewage Sludge Incineration ....................................................................................................... 24 Municipal Waste Incineration .................................................................................................... 26 Hazardous Waste Incineration ................................................................................................... 27 Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incineration ........................................................................ 27

INDUSTRIAL SOURCES ............................................................................................................. 29 Taconite Processing.................................................................................................................... 30 Dental Amalgam Manufacturing ................................................................................................ 30 Lime Manufacturing ................................................................................................................... 30 Brick Manufacturing .................................................................................................................. 31 Coke Production ......................................................................................................................... 32 Medical Waste Autoclave .......................................................................................................... 32 PRODUCTION OF METALS ................................................................................................... 32 BOFs in Primary Metal Production (Steel Manufacturing) ....................................................... 32 EAFs in Primary Metal Production (Steel Manufacturing) ........................................................ 33 EAFs and EIFs in Secondary Metal Production (Steel Foundries) ............................................ 33 Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) ................................................................................... 35 Cupolas in Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) ................................................................. 35 EAFs and EIFs in Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) ..................................................... 37 Auto Switches ─ Shredding of Autos (Point Source) ................................................................ 38

AREA SOURCES .......................................................................................................................... 39 MERCURY IN PRODUCTS ..................................................................................................... 39 Dental Amalgam ........................................................................................................................ 39 Fluorescent and Non-fluorescent Lamps .................................................................................... 40 Auto Switches ─ Shredding of Autos (Area Source) ................................................................. 43 Switches and Relays ................................................................................................................... 44 Thermostats ................................................................................................................................ 46 Measurement and Control Devices ............................................................................................ 48 Thermometers ............................................................................................................................ 49 Bulk Mercury ............................................................................................................................. 49 Volatilization During Solid Waste Collection and Processing ................................................... 50 Landfill Volatilization ................................................................................................................ 51 Human Cremation ...................................................................................................................... 51 Volatilization: Land Application of Sewage Sludge .................................................................. 52 Contaminated Site Remediation ................................................................................................. 52

Mobile Sources ............................................................................................................................... 53 ON-ROAD ................................................................................................................................. 53 NON-ROAD .............................................................................................................................. 54

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 55

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Introduction Table 1 presents the estimated values of mercury for different sectors and the statewide totals. For some categories more than one estimate was arrived at, based on different methodologies and information sources. In these instances, a range of values is presented. Speciation profiles were applied to the mercury estimates in order to quantify the different forms of the pollutant for each sector. These forms are particulate mercury or Hg(P), Reactive Gaseous Mercury or RGM, and elemental mercury or Hg(0).

Table 1. 2008 Estimates of Anthropogenic Mercury Emission Source Hg (lbs/yr)

in 2008 2008, low

range 2008, high

range Hg(p) RGM Hg(0) FUEL COMBUSTION

COAL COMBUSTION Electric Utilities 3,383.96 3,383.96 3,383.96 583.91 996.66 1,803.39

Residential 6.72 6.72 6.72 1.34 2.02 3.36 Industrial/Commercial 472.77 472.77 472.77 94.55 141.83 236.38

OIL COMBUSTION Electric Utilities, Boilers 5.08 5.08 5.08 1.02 1.52 2.54

Electric Utilities, ICE 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.06 0.1 Residential 25.21 25.21 25.21 5.04 7.56 12.6

Industrial/Commercial Boilers 7.06E-04 7.06E-04 7.06E-04 0 0 0

Industrial/Commercial, ICE 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.04

NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION

Electric Utilities 5.68E-06 5.68E-06 5.68E-06 0 0 0 Residential 2.73E-04 2.73E-04 2.73E-04 0 0 0

Industrial/Commercial Boilers 1.12E-04 1.12E-04 1.12E-04 0 0 0

Stationary Internal Combustion Engines 1.87E-05 1.87E-05 1.87E-05 0 0 0

WOOD COMBUSTION Electric Utilities 44.11 44.11 44.11 8.82 13.23 22.06

Residential 11.06 11.06 11.06 2.21 3.32 5.53 Industrial/Commercial 36.2 36.2 36.2 7.24 10.86 18.1

Refuse-derived fuel 265.98 265.98 265.98 53.2 79.79 132.99 PETROLEUM REFINING 6.07 6.07 6.07 1.21 1.82 3.04

RESIDENTIAL LPG PROPANE COMBUSTION

5.15 5.15 5.15 1.03 1.54 2.57

TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION 4262.58 4,262.58 4,262.58 759.63 1260.25 2242.7

INCINERATION Sewage Sludge

Incineration 165.15 165.15 165.15 33.03 95.79 36.33

Municipal Waste 21.01 - 79.93 21.01 79.93 4.20 -

15.99 12.19 -

46.36 4.62 - 17.58

Hazardous Waste Incineration 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.14 0.41 0.15

Hospital Medical Infectious Waste

Incineration 5.84 5.84 5.84 1.17 4.38 0.29

Pathological Waste Incineration 8.15E-03 8.15E-03 8.15E-03 0 0.01 0

INCINERATION TOTALS 192.71 - 251.63 192.71 251.63 38.54 -

50.33 112.76 -

146.94 41.40 -

54.36 INDUSTRIAL SOURCES

Cement Manufacturing 371.68 371.68 371.68 9.94 289.55 72.19 Taconite processing 71.63 71.63 71.63 7.16 7.16 57.3

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Emission Source Hg (lbs/yr) in 2008

2008, low range

2008, high range Hg(p) RGM Hg(0)

Lime Manufacturing 48.53 48.53 48.53 4.85 4.85 38.82 Dental Amalgam

Manufacturing 4 4 4 0 0 4

Brick Manufacturing 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.04 0.04 0.28 Coke Production 52.56 52.56 52.56 5.26 5.26 42.05

Thermometer Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical Waste Autoclave 0 0 0 0 0 0

Auto Switches-shredding of autos

(point source) 10.7 10.7 10.7 1.65 1.65 13.23

Relay/Switch Manufacturing 118.4 118.4 118.4 0 0 118.4

Production of metals Primary metal

production (Blast/BOF Steel Manufacturing)

67 67 67 6.7 6.7 53.6

EAFs in primary metal production (Steel

Manufacturing) 220.65 220.65 220.65 22.06 22.06 176.52

EAFs & EIFs in secondary metal production (Steel

Foundries)

61.12 61.12 61.12 6.11 6.11 48.9

Secondary metal production (Grey Iron),

excluding EAFs

65.45 - 87.82 65.45 87.82 6.55 - 8.78 6.55 -

8.78 52.36 -

70.26

EAFs & EIFs in Secondary metal

production (Grey Iron)

17.64 - 65.66 17.64 65.66 1.76 - 6.57 1.76 -

6.57 14.11 -

52.53

INDUSTRIAL SOURCE TOTALS

1115.55 - 1185.94 1115.55 1185.94 72.09 -

79.13 351.70 -

358.74 691.76 -

748.08

AREA SOURCES

MERCURY-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

Dental Amalgam 159.46 159.46 159.46 0 0 159.46 Auto Switches-

shredding of autos (area source)

62.82 62.82 62.82 7.87 7.87 62.95

Switches & Relays 67.8 67.8 67.8 0 0 67.8 Measurement and

Control Devices 38.25 38.25 38.25 0 0 38.25

Consumer Use of Bulk Mercury 3.9 3.9 3.9 0 0 3.9

Thermostats 10.17 0 0 10.17 Fluorescent and Non-

Fluorescent Lamp Breakage

8.62 8.62 8.62 0 0 8.62

Drum-top Crushing 0.01 - 0.03 0.01 0.03 0 0 0.01 - 0.03 Thermometers 0 0 0 0 0 0

WASTE DISPOSAL Volatilization during

solid waste collection & processing

625.52 625.52 625.52 62.55 62.55 500.41

Fluorescent and Non-Fluorescent Lamps 62.59 62.59 62.59 0 0 62.59

Switches and Relays 15.19 15.19 15.19 0 0 15.19 Measurement and

Control Devices 22.49 22.49 22.49 0 0 22.49

Thermometers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thermostats 13.25 13.25 13.25 0 0 13.25 Bulk Mercury 1.46 1.46 1.46 0 0 1.46

Dental Amalgam 0.37 0.37 0.37 0 0 0.37

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Emission Source Hg (lbs/yr) in 2008

2008, low range

2008, high range Hg(p) RGM Hg(0)

Landfill volatilization 55.33 55.33 55.33 5.53 5.53 44.26 Switches and Relays 7.03 7.03 7.03 0 0 7.03

Measurement and Control Devices 10.41 10.41 10.41 0 0 10.41

Fluorescent and Non-fluorescent lamps 4.43 4.43 4.43 0 0 4.43

Thermostats 7.43 7.43 7.43 0 0 7.43 Dental Amalgam 2.25 2.25 2.25 0 0 2.25

Thermometers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disposal of products in

burn barrels 105.81 105.81 105.81 21.16 31.74 52.91


Control Devices 44.73 44.73 44.73 0 0 44.73

Thermostats 24.52 24.52 24.52 0 0 24.52 Fluorescent and Non-

Fluorescent Lamps 8.53 8.53 8.53 0 0 8.53

Thermometers 0 0 0 0 0 0 RECYCLING

Volatilization during collection for recycling


Control Devices 11.99 11.99 11.99 0 0 11.99

Thermostats 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.2 Fluorescent and Non-


Release during recycling


Control Devices 11.75 11.75 11.75 0 0 11.75

Thermostats 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fluorescent and Non-


OTHER Cremation 192.93 192.93 192.93 38.59 111.9 42.44

Disposal of Bulk Hg to Clean Sweep Sites 1.46 1.46 1.46 0 0 1.46

Volatilization: land application of sludge 2.64 2.64 2.64 0.26 0.26 2.11

Contaminated Site Remediation 0 0 0 0 0 0

AREA SOURCE TOTALS 1350 1350.58 1350.6 129 213 795

MOBILE SOURCES

On Road 0.18 - 23.38 0.18 23.38 0 - 0.09 0.02 - 2.01

0.16 - 21.28

Non-Road Commercial Marine 1.01 1.01 1.01 0.15 0.29 0.57

Non-Road Railroad Locomotives 13.74 13.74 13.74 2.06 3.99 7.7

Non-Road Coal-Fired Car Ferry 0.24 - 10.80 0.24 10.8 0.04 0.07 0.13

Nonroad Equipment and Vehicles - diesel 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.03 0.05 0.1

Nonroad Equipment and Vehicles - gasoline 1.11 1.16 1.16 0 0.1 1.06

MOBILE SOURCE TOTALS 17 - 50 16.53 50.29 2.25 - 3.93 4.36 -

9.42 8.56 - 35.59

TOTAL Hg AIR EMISSIONS 6938 - 7101 6937.95 7101.04 1009 - 1029 1949 -

1995 3980 - 4077

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Fuel combustion Coal Combustion Electric Utilities The amount of mercury released from coal-fired electric utilities was extracted from MAERS 2008 emissions inventory data, the USEPA 2008 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the USEPA’s Mercury and Air Toxics (MATS) rule. Highest preference was given to facility-estimated process level mercury emissions reported to MAERS. Calculations by EGLE, AQD staff, utilizing emission factors from the MATS rule, were given second preference. Facility-wide TRI values for mercury were utilized in instances where neither MAERS “reported by owner” estimates or MATS values were available. Default MAERS “emission estimator” values, which are based on facility-reported activity data and standard USEPA WebFIRE emission factors, were selected as the final option. Table 2.

SRN Facility Name SCC Coal, tons

Final MAERS Mercury Value,

lbs

TRI values

(facility-wide)

lbs

MATS values, lbs, by

process

Best Estimate*

B1573 Escanaba Power Plant 10100204 83,563.20 34.76 11.4092 11.41 B1833 Marquette Board of Light & Power 10100204 6,083.00 2.53 0.007 0.01 B1833 Marquette Board of Light & Power 10100226 203,244.00 84.55 19 18.16 18.16 B1966 White Pine Electric Power, LLC 10200204 0 0

14.04 0 0

B1966 White Pine Electric Power, LLC 10200202 34,598.00 14.39 2.89 2.89 B1976 J.B. Sims Generating Station 10100202 188,230.40 78.3 2.45 5.66 5.66 B2132 Wyandotte Dept. Muni. Power Plant 10100202 107,479.00 44.71

14.03 29.66 29.66

B2132 Wyandotte Dept. Muni. Power Plant 10100218 47,088.00 3.91 0.0497 0.05

B2357 Holland BPW, Generating Station & WWTP 10100201 22,737.10 9.46

4.36 0 0

B2357 Holland BPW, Generating Station & WWTP 10100202 163,329.00 4.16 20.92 4.16

B2647 Lansing Board of Water & Light, Eckert, Moores Park and REO Cogeneration

10100222 1,128,561.00 469.48 146.78 65.62 65.62

B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100202 155,666.00 10.22

990.27

12.8 10.22 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100212 363,349.00 30.52 30.7 30.52 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100222 6,384,776.00 537.19 399.88 537.19 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100226 1,941,760.00 163.1 202.461 202.46 B2810 DTE - Electric Company, River Rouge 10100202 302,979.00 29.7

163.59 85.2726 29.7

B2810 DTE - Electric Company, River Rouge 10100212 260,680.00 25.55 73.3677 25.55 B2810 DTE - Electric Company, River Rouge 10100226 1,105,489.00 108.3 63.69 108.3

B2811 DTE - Electric Company, Trenton Channel 10100202 792,031.00 88.71

232.23 227.1331 88.71

B2811 DTE - Electric Company, Trenton Channel 10100222 1,253,611.00 140.41 139.49 140.41

B2815 DTE - Electric Company, Harbor Beach Power Plant 10100202 115,372.00 12.92 12.56 16.24 12.92

B2816 DTE - Electric Company, Monroe Power 10100202 3,553,999.22 447.8

1630.64 298.9 447.8

B2816 DTE - Electric Company, Monroe Power 10100222 5,543,756.78 698.5 549.0428 698.5

B2835 J.H. Campbell Plant 10100202 1,028,677.00 85.7 607.18 128.64 85.7 B2835 J.H. Campbell Plant 10100222 4,330,564.00 360.6 145.71 360.6 B2836 B.C. Cobb Plant 10100212 1,133,446.00 94.08 95.73 67.15 67.15

B2840 Consumers Energy Karn-Weadock Facility 10100212 1,947,254.00 161.62 244.65 127.3 127.3

5

SRN Facility Name SCC Coal, tons

Final MAERS Mercury Value,

lbs

TRI values

(facility-wide)

lbs

MATS values, lbs, by

process

Best Estimate*

B2846 J.R. Whiting Co. 10100202 1,295,674.00 539 124.06 83.11 83.11

B4001 Lansing Board of Water & Light, Erickson Station 10100222 656,804.00 273.23 78.68 28.07 28.07

B4260 L'Anse Warden Electric Company, LLC 10100202 0 0 0 0 B4261 Wisconsin Electric Power Company 10100202 489,569.00 203.66 221.3 0.5069 6.04 B4261 Wisconsin Electric Power Company 10100212 331,149.00 27.48 0.3436 0.34 B4261 Wisconsin Electric Power Company 10100222 1,030,526.00 428.7 56.84 56.84 B6611 MI SO Central Power Agency 10100202 189,356.89 78.77 15.71 5.53 5.53 N1685 TES Filer City Station 10100204 224,246.10 93.29 2.29 93.29 93.29 N7786 DTE Pontiac North, LLC 10100204 72,210.00 30.04 0.0816 0.08

TOTALS 36,487,857.69 5,415.35 2,989.94 3,383.96 * Values reported by owner to MAERS are given highest preference. In the absence of an owner-reported value, the MATS values for a process are generally given preference after weighing them against the facility-reported, facility wide TRI values. All the MATS factors were selected by the USEPA from bins with the exception of B2835 for which unit/facility factors were available. MAERS owner-reported values are displayed in green, TRI values are in purple and values based on MATS factors are in blue. SCC = Source classification code

Residential Residential fuel combustion estimates were generated as part of the MDEQ’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). For residential coal combustion, an emission factor of 0.00042 lbs/ton was used, along with year 2000 United States Census data on household heating and 2008 statewide fuel consumption data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the United States Department of Energy (USDoE) to generate estimated emissions of mercury (MDEQ, 2014). Table 3.

Category Throughput (tons) Emission Factor Lbs Emitted

Residential Coal Combustion 16,000.00 4.20E-04 6.72 Industrial/Commercial Point source estimates such as those for industrial and commercial combustion of coal were collected from MAERS. These point source estimates were generated as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI (MDEQ, 2014). The following industrial and commercial sources of coal combustion were included in the estimate:

6

Table 4.

SRN Facility Name SCC Coal, tons Emission

Factor (lb/ton)

Emissions (lbs) Year

A6380 Abbott Nutrition 10200205 8,645.00 4.16E-04 3.60 2008 A6240 Cargill Salt, Inc. 10100204 41,164.00 4.16E-04 17.12 2008 B1855 Clearwater Paper - Menominee 10200204 19,393.00 4.16E-04 8.07 2008 B1476 Decorative Panels International, Inc. 10200204 47,216.00 4.16E-04 19.64 2008 B6420 E.B. Eddy Paper, Inc. 10200202 57,212.00 4.16E-04 23.80 2008 A0884 Escanaba Paper Company 10200212 160,035.00 4.16E-04 66.57 2008 B7227 General Motors, Orion Assembly 10200204 24,903.60 4.16E-04 10.36 2008 B1606 General Motors, Flint Assembly 10100204 0.00 4.16E-04 0.00 2008 B1606 General Motors, Flint Assembly 10200204 0.00 4.16E-04 0.00 2008 B1610 General Motors, Grand Blanc Weld Tool Center 10200204 0.00 4.16E-04 0.00 2008 B1563 Great Lakes Tissue 10200205 8,906.00 4.16E-04 3.70 2008 A4203 Melching, Inc. 10200212 112,389.80 4.16E-04 46.75 2008 K3249 Michigan State University 10300206 183,843.01 4.16E-04 76.48 2008 K3249 Michigan State University 10300218 64,476.87 4.16E-04 26.82 2008 B2873 Michigan Sugar Company, Sebewaing Factory 10100204 29,422.00 4.16E-04 12.24 2008 B2875 Michigan Sugar Company, Caro Factory 10100204 27,922.00 4.16E-04 11.62 2008 B2876 Michigan Sugar Company, Croswell Factory 10100204 27,700.00 4.16E-04 11.52 2008 B1824 Morton Salt, Inc. 10100205 53,393.00 4.16E-04 3.80 2008 A6475 MPI Acquisition, LLC 10200204 45,798.20 4.16E-04 19.05 2008 B1470 Neenah Paper – Michigan, Inc. 10200204 47,758.00 4.16E-04 19.87 2008 A6175 Nexteer Automotive Corporation 10100204 29,988.00 4.16E-04 12.48 2008

B3692 Packaging Corporation of America, Filer City Mill 10100202 105,119.00 4.16E-04 43.73 2008

B4288 PAH P&U, LLC 10200204 6,598.40 4.16E-04 2.74 2008

B3610 Pharmacia & Upjohn Co., LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer 10200204 56,237.00 4.16E-04 23.39 2008

N0677 Steelcase, Inc., Kentwood Complex 10100204 17,249.80 4.16E-04 7.18 2008 B1993 TRW Integrated Chassis Systems 10200204 3,607.00 4.16E-04 1.50 2008 B7192 Verso Paper, Quinnesec 10200204 1,738.00 4.16E-04 0.72 2008 TOTAL 1,180,714.68 472.77

SCC = Source classification code Oil Combustion Electric Utilities, External Combustion Boilers Mercury emissions from oil-fired electric utilities were estimated using data from MAERS as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI (MDEQ, 2014). The oil combustion, or throughput, is expressed in thousands of gallons (E3GAL). The following sources were included in the estimate for oil-fired boilers:

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Table 5.

SRN Facility Name SCC_AMS_CD Factor, lb/E3GAL

Oil, E3GAL

Emissions, lbs

B2840 Consumers Energy, Karn-Weadock Facility 10100401 1.13E-04 6,821.00 0.7708 B2840 Consumers Energy, Karn-Weadock Facility 10100501 4.20E-04 1,076.39 0.4521 M4148 Detroit Renewable Power, LLC 10100501 4.20E-04 178.30 0.0749 B6145 DTE - Electric Company, Greenwood Energy Center 10100401 1.13E-04 1,471.12 0.1000 B6145 DTE - Electric Company, Greenwood Energy Center 10100501 4.20E-04 122.13 0.0100 B2815 DTE - Electric Company, Harbor Beach Power Plant 10100501 4.20E-04 322.87 0.1300 B2816 DTE - Electric Company, Monroe Power 10100501 4.20E-04 1,222.78 0.6800 B2811 DTE - Electric Company, Trenton Channel 10100501 4.20E-04 428.52 0.1700 B2835 J.H. Campbell Plant 10100501 4.20E-04 1,492.54 0.6269 B2846 J.R. Whiting Co. 10100501 4.20E-04 493.38 0.2072

B2647 Lansing Board of Water & Light, Eckert, Moores Park & REO Cogeneration 10100501 4.20E-04 525.11 0.2205

B4001 Lansing Board of Water & Light, Erickson Station 10100501 4.20E-04 89.29 0.0375 B1833 Marquette Board of Power & Light 10100501 4.20E-04 57.32 0.0241 B6611 MI SO Central Power Agency 10100501 4.20E-04 100.35 0.0421 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100401 1.13E-04 0.00 0.0000 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10100501 4.20E-04 2,806.44 1.1600 B2796 St. Clair/Belle River Power Plant 10101302 7.02E-05 691.22 0.0400 B2838 Veolia Energy Grand Rapids, LLC 10100401 1.13E-04 0.00 0.0000 B4261 Wisconsin Electric Power Co. 10100501 4.20E-04 797.68 0.3350 TOTAL 18,696.44 5.0811

Electric Utilities, Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Oil-fired, stationary, internal combustion engines were separated from oil-fired, external combustion boilers in the report to provide greater clarity. Throughput and emissions from electric-generating utility (EGU) facilities are presented below for 2008, based on data from MAERS and standard USEPA emission factors. Mercury in the amount of 0.20 lbs was estimated for this sector.

Table 6.


Oil, E3GAL

Emissions, lbs

B2942 Consumers Energy, Gaylord Combustion Turbine Plant 20200102 4.129E-05 0.35 0.00001 B2840 Consumers Energy, Karn-Weadock Facility 20200102 4.129E-05 1.58 0.00007 N6252 Consumers Energy, Morrow Combustion Turbine Plant 20200102 4.129E-05 0.19 0.00001 B2918 Consumers Energy, Thetford Combustion Turbine Plant 20200102 4.129E-05 0.5 0.00002 B2185 Detroit Public Lighting Dept. 20100101 1.644E-04 17.6 0.00289 B2808 DTE - Electric Company, Northeast Sta. 20100101 1.644E-04 0.03 0.00000 B2806 DTE - Electric Company, Superior 20100101 1.644E-04 1.44 0.00024 B4321 DTE Electric Company, Fermi Energy Center 20100101 1.644E-04 151.64 0.02493 B1573 Escanaba Power Plant 20100101 1.644E-04 395.2 0.06497 N6000 Holland Board of Public Works 20100101 1.644E-04 1 0.00016 N2586 Holland Board of Public Works, 48th Street Peaking Sta. 20100101 1.644E-04 0.13 0.00002 B2835 J.H. Campbell Plant 20100101 1.644E-04 16.39 0.00269 B2835 J.H. Campbell Plant 20200102 4.129E-05 1.6 0.00007 B2846 J.R. Whiting Company 20100101 1.644E-04 0.5 0.00008 B6553 UPPCO Portage Station 20100101 1.644E-04 616.5 0.10135 B5421 Vandyke Generating Plant 20200102 4.129E-05 0.09 0.00000 N6833 Wolverine Power, Gaylord Generating Station 20200102 4.129E-05 0.18 0.00001 N6171 Wolverine Power, Tower Power Plant 20100101 1.644E-04 15.84 0.00260 N6249 Wolverine Power, Vestaburg Power Plant 20100101 1.644E-04 0 0.00000 TOTAL 1,220.76 0.20014

8

Residential Residential fuel combustion estimates were generated as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI. For residential oil combustion, an emission factor of 0.00042 lbs/1,000 gallons was used, along with year 2000 Census data on household heating and 2008 statewide fuel consumption data from the EIA, USDoE to generate estimated emissions of mercury (MDEQ, 2014). Table 7.

Category Throughput, E3GAL Emission Factor Lbs Emitted

Residential Oil Combustion 60,019.00 4.200E-04 25.21 Industrial/Commercial (External Combustion Boilers) Point source estimates, such as those for industrial and commercial combustion of oil, were collected from MAERS (MDEQ, 2008). These point source estimates were generated as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI. The following industrial and commercial oil-fired, external combustion boilers were included in the estimate: Table 8.


Oil, E3GAL Emissions, lbs

B1677 Allnex USA, Inc. 10100401 1.13E-04 0.00 0.0000 A2402 Access Business Group, LLC 10100501 4.20E-04 1.09 0.0005 B1548 Post Foods 10100501 4.20E-04 0.00 0.0000 D8011 Huron Memorial Hospital 10100501 4.20E-04 0.59 0.0002 N5930 Delta College 10100501 4.20E-04 0.00 0.0000 TOTAL 1.68 0.0007

Oil-fired, stationary, internal combustion engines were separated from oil-fired, external combustion boilers in the report to provide greater clarity. Throughput and emissions from commercial/industrial facilities are presented below for 2008, based on data from MAERS and standard USEPA emission factors. Mercury in the amount of 0.07 lbs was estimated for this sector.

9

Table 9.

SRN FACILITY NAME SCC CODE

EMISSION FACTOR (LB/E3

GAL)

DIESEL FUEL, E3

GAL

LBS EMITTED

N3396 A & E AGG. INC. (PLANT 1) 20200102 4.129E-05 21.00 0.00087 B4252 AEP COOK NUCLEAR PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 26.14 0.00108 N5816 AGGREGATE & DEVELOPING LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 41.50 0.00171 N7981 AGGREGATE & DEVELOPING LLC - SUPERIOR PIT 20200102 4.129E-05 13.90 0.00057 N6197 AGGREGATE INDUSTRIES - AC2 PORTABLE PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 26.03 0.00107 N3177 AGGREGATE INDUSTRIES - AC3 PORTABLE PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 25.73 0.00106 N6283 AGGREGATE INDUSTRIES - DAY ROAD 20200102 4.129E-05 46.66 0.00193 N5998 AGGREGATE INDUSTRIES - NB1 PORTABLE PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 25.45 0.00105 M4731 AJAX PAVING INDUSTRIES, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 53.00 0.00219 N1917 AJAX PAVING INDUSTRIES, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 71.00 0.00293 N6003 AJAX PAVING INDUSTRIES, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N1656 ALBRECHT SAND AND GRAVEL 20200102 4.129E-05 17.13 0 N7259 ALPENA AGGREGATE INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 40.42 0.00167 N3152 AMERICAN AGGREGATES OF MICHIGAN ELJAY 54 20200102 4.129E-05 12.36 0.00051 N7601 AMERICAN AGGREGATES OF MICHIGAN INC. - METSO PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 30.50 0.00126 N7375 AMERICAN AGGREGATES OF MICHIGAN, INC. SANDVIK CONE 20200102 4.129E-05 14.42 0.0006 M4787 AT&T 20100101 1.644E-04 0.00 0 N7390 BALKEMA EXCAVATING INC.-PLANT 104 20200102 4.129E-05 2.22 9.2E-05 N6589 BALKEMA EXCAVATING, INC. -- PORTABLE PLANT 101 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N3435 BALKEMA EXCAVATING/AGGREGATE RESOURCES PLANT 102 20200102 4.129E-05 12.23 0.0005 N5131 BALKEMA EXCAVATING/AGGREGATE RESOURCES PLANT 103 20200102 4.129E-05 7.99 0.00033 N7407 BARBER CREEK SAND AND GRAVEL, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 4.82 0.0002 N5488 BIERLEIN DEMOLITION CONTRACT 20200102 4.129E-05 0.50 2.1E-05 B4164 BOLEN ASPHALT PAVING, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 11.70 0.00048 N1905 BOLEN ASPHALT PAVING, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 20.30 0.00084 N6289 BRADLEY SAND & GRAVEL INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.97 4E-05 N7432 CARL SCHLEGEL INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 1.02 4.2E-05 N6533 CARLO CONSTRUCTION 20200102 4.129E-05 25.20 0.00104 N6880 CARR BROTHERS & SONS INC. - PLANT 2 20200102 4.129E-05 10.49 0.00043 N6749 CARRICK GRAVEL AND CRUSHING 20200102 4.129E-05 15.78 0.00065 B6508 CLINTON VILLAGE OF 20200102 4.129E-05 0.56 2.3E-05 N7659 CRYSTAL AGGREGATES, LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 23.40 0.00097 N6664 CUSTOM CRUSHING & RECYCLE, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 42.00 0.00173 N6861 CUSTOM CRUSHING LAKESHORE 20200102 4.129E-05 61.94 0.00256 N6631 DEARBORN INDUSTRIAL GENERATION 20200102 4.129E-05 2.80 0.00012 N6762 DYKEMA EXCAVATORS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 10.20 0.00042 B2209 EATON CORPORATION - GALESBURG CAMPUS 20200102 4.129E-05 100.46 0.00415 B3534 EDW. C. LEVY CO. PLANT 2 PORTABLE CRUSHER 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5748 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 15.37 0.00063 N5818 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5819 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 15.80 0.00065 N6453 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 13.61 0.00056 N6750 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 9.04 0.00037 N7052 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 5.60 0.00023 N7120 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7837 ELMER'S CRANE AND DOZER, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6600 FLORENCE CEMENT CO. INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 2.95 0.00012 N6599 FLORENCE CEMENT COMPANY, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 4.75 0.0002 N7996 FLORENCE CEMENT PLANT #741 20200102 4.129E-05 4.10 0.00017 B2460 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - BAY CITY 20200102 4.129E-05 1.07 4.4E-05 B4032 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - PONTIAC NORTH CAMPUS 20200102 4.129E-05 0.47 1.9E-05 N6834 GERKEN MATERIALS, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 19.40 0.0008

10



GAL)

DIESEL FUEL, E3

GAL

LBS EMITTED

G7126 GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY 20200102 4.129E-05 0.81 3.3E-05 N2627 GREAT LAKES AGGREGATES, HAZMAG PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 29.68 0 N5241 GREAT LAKES AGGREGATES, L.L.C. - SYLVANIA MINERALS 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7383 GREEN PLAINS HOLDINGS II LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 2.41 1E-04 N7011 GROSSO TRUCKING AND SUPPLY COMPANY 20200102 4.129E-05 6.13 0.00025 N3631 GS MATERIALS, LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 18.40 0.00076 B7205 GUARDIAN FIBERGLASS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 10.57 0.00044 N6429 HALLIDAY SAND & GRAVEL (945 CONE) 20200102 4.129E-05 9.80 0.0004 N5841 HALLIDAY SAND & GRAVEL INC. - PLANT #2 20200102 4.129E-05 18.00 0.00074 N5842 HALLIDAY SAND & GRAVEL INC. - PLANT #3 20200102 4.129E-05 20.80 0.00086 N6307 HALLIDAY SAND & GRAVEL, PLANT #1 225-97A 20200102 4.129E-05 13.60 0.00056 N6430 HALLIDAY SAND AND GRAVEL 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6957 HALLIDAY SAND AND GRAVEL INC. (6000 CONE PLANT) 20200102 4.129E-05 16.60 0.00069 N6306 HANLEE EQUIPMENT LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 23.15 0.00096 N7730 HERITAGE RESOURCES INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 2.47 0.0001 N7518 HERITAGE RESOURCES INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 3.64 0.00015 N6706 HUBSCHER & SON, INC. - HP200 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6704 HUBSCHER & SON, INC. - PIONEER 50VE PORTABLE 20200102 4.129E-05 3.00 0.00012 N6705 HUBSCHER AND SON, INC.- CEDARAPIDS 443 20200102 4.129E-05 4.97 0.00021 B7013 HURON CASTING INC. & BLUE DIAMOND STEEL CASTING 20300102 1.644E-04 0.00 0 N5180 INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 B2329 JHP PHARMACEUTICALS LLC 20200103 1.668E-04 0.00 0 B4383 KASSON SAND AND GRAVEL 20200102 4.129E-05 8.78 0.00036 N6804 KLETT RECYCLE, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 26.20 0.00108 N6488 LC REDI MIX INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 17.60 0.00073 N7361 LES MILLER & SONS AGGREGATES, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7136 LEVY 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N0503 LYON SAND & GRAVEL CO - RAP PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 25.86 0.00107 N6923 LYON SAND & GRAVEL-CR JAW 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6448 MANTHEI DEVELOPMENT CORP/MDC CONTRACTING, LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 2.89 0.00012 N5772 MATHY CONSTRUCTION CO - PLANT 24 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6412 MATHY CRUSHING PLANT #48-98 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6385 MID MICHIGAN MATERIALS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 2.48 0.0001 B6527 MIDLAND COGENERATION VENTURE 20200102 4.129E-05 2.03 8.4E-05 N6568 NATIONAL ASPHALT PRODUCTS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6767 NEW COVERT GENERATING COMPANY, LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 0.59 2.4E-05 N6548 OTTAWA AGGREGATES INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 1.09 4.5E-05 N7618 PAMAR ENTERPRISE INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 18.98 0.00078 N6849 PARKER EXCAVATING GRAVEL & RECYCLE INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 2.09 8.6E-05 N6850 PARKER EXCAVATING GRAVEL & RECYCLE INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 1.69 7E-05 N6851 PARKER EXCAVATING GRAVEL & RECYCLE INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 6.74 0.00028 N6848 PARKER EXCAVATING GRAVEL & RECYCLING INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 1.27 5.2E-05 N7151 PAUL BECHTEL SAND AND GRAVEL LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 10.35 0.00043 N0436 PAYNE & DOLAN INC. C22 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7271 PYRAMID PAVING & CONTRACTING 20200102 4.129E-05 26.90 0.00111 N5476 R E GLANCY INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5477 R E GLANCY INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5478 R E GLANCY INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5480 R E GLANCY INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N5963 R E GLANCY INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 18.83 0.00078 N6901 R SMITH & SONS, INC. - PLANT #1 20200102 4.129E-05 18.00 0.00074 N7595 R SMITH AND SONS INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 8.00 0.00033 N6355 R.E. GLANCY, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 11.15 0.00046 N6634 R.E. GLANCY, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 3.14 0.00013

11



GAL)

DIESEL FUEL, E3

GAL

LBS EMITTED

A1178 RACER 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 B4147 RIETH RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 22.69 0.00094 N2184 RIETH RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 27.82 0.00115 B4058 RIETH RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO., INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 81.02 0.00335 N6022 RIETH RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO., INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 20.28 0.00084 N6413 RIETH RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO., INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 10.24 0.00042 N1357 RIETH-RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 5.86 0.00024 N6608 RIETH-RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO., INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 20.28 0.00084 N6925 ROBERT BAILEY CONTRACTORS, INC. - CR3 PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 10.00 0.00041 N6837 ROCK RECYCLERS 20200102 4.129E-05 11.11 0.00046 N7542 RON WEAVER GRAVEL CO INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 16.04 0.00066 N1588 SEARLES CONSTRUCTION - 36 PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6913 SEARLES CONSTRUCTION - 45 PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 12.94 0.00053 N6910 SEARLES CONSTRUCTION - EXTEC PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N6914 SEARLES CONSTRUCTION - WASH PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 21.08 0.00087 F3254 SELFRIDGE AIR NATIONAL GUARD BASE 20300102 1.644E-04 18.38 0.00302 M4722 SORA LIMESTONE QUARRY 20200102 4.129E-05 113.99 0.00471 N0710 STATE OF MICHIGAN 20200102 4.129E-05 2.08 8.6E-05 N0677 STEELCASE INC.- KENTWOOD COMPLEX 20100101 1.644E-04 0.18 3E-05 N6508 TEAM ELMER'S 20200102 4.129E-05 4.76 0.0002 N7168 TELSMITH 52G PORTABLE CRUSHER. 20200102 4.129E-05 12.57 0.00052 B7748 TUSCOLA MINERALS CO 20200102 4.129E-05 17.75 0.00073 B4102 U S GYPSUM CO 20200102 4.129E-05 5.38 0.00022 N6481 UNDINE, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.85 3.5E-05 N6482 UNDINE, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 M0675 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 20200103 1.668E-04 0.00 0 B2328 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN- FORMER PFIZER GLOBAL R&D 20200102 4.129E-05 4.85 0.0002 B2328 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN- FORMER PFIZER GLOBAL R&D 20200103 1.668E-04 0.12 2E-05 N6328 WEBER SAND & GRAVEL - CONCRETE RECYCLE PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7028 WEBER SAND & GRAVEL, INC. - EL JAY PLANT 20200102 4.129E-05 0.00 0 N7288 WEBER SAND AND GRAVEL, INC. - CEDAR RAPIDS 20200102 4.129E-05 10.60 0.00044 B7302 WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY 20200102 4.129E-05 11.72 0.00048 N7391 WIEGAND'S CRUSHING, INC. 20200102 4.129E-05 4.17 0.00017 N3519 ZOETIS P&U LLC 20200102 4.129E-05 14.50 0.0006 TOTAL 1,791.93 0.07436

Natural Gas Combustion Electric Utilities Mercury emissions from natural gas-fired electric utilities were estimated using an emission factor published by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI 1996) for natural gas combustion. Throughput, or natural gas consumption, is expressed in millions of cubic feet (MMCF). The EPRI factor of 8.00E-10 lb/MMCF is several orders of magnitude lower than the USEPA emission factor used in MAERS, which is 2.6E-04 lb/MMCF. The result is that the estimated 2008 mercury emissions for this category drop to 5.68E-06 lbs. statewide, compared to the MAERS estimate of 1.01 lbs for 2008.

12

Table 10.

SRN Facility Name SCC EPRI Emission Factor, lb/MMCF

Throughput, MMCF Lbs Emitted

N2432 A G SIMPSON (USA), INC. 10100602 8.00E-10 16.93 1.35E-08 N1784 ADA COGENERATION LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 10100602 8.00E-10 311.39 2.49E-07 B2836 B. C. COBB PLANT 10100604 8.00E-10 283.07 2.26E-07 B2836 B. C. COBB PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 2.44 1.95E-09 B2840 CONSUMERS ENERGY KARN-WEADOCK FACILITY 10100601 8.00E-10 1014.39 8.12E-07 B2840 CONSUMERS ENERGY KARN-WEADOCK FACILITY 10100602 8.00E-10 0.12 9.60E-11 B2840 CONSUMERS ENERGY KARN-WEADOCK FACILITY 10100604 8.00E-10 145.30 1.16E-07 B2812 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY CONNERS CREEK 10100601 8.00E-10 885.49 7.08E-07 B6145 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY GREENWOOD ENERGY CENTER 10100601 8.00E-10 2443.99 1.96E-06 B2813 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY MARYSVILLE POWER PLANT 10100604 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B2810 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY RIVER ROUGE 10100601 8.00E-10 390.63 3.13E-07 B2810 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY RIVER ROUGE 10100604 8.00E-10 114.71 9.18E-08 B2810 DTE - ELECTRIC COMPANY RIVER ROUGE 10200601 8.00E-10 0.05 4.00E-11 N7786 DTE PONTIAC NORTH, LLC 10300601 8.00E-10 88.81 7.10E-08 N2388 GRAYLING GENERATING STATION LTD PTNR 10100601 8.00E-10 0.60 4.80E-10 B2357 HOLLAND BPW, GENERATING STATION & WWTP 10100601 8.00E-10 6.91 5.53E-09 B1976 J.B. SIMS GENERATING STATION 10100601 8.00E-10 19.30 1.54E-08 B4260 L'ANSE WARDEN ELECTRIC COMPANY LLC 10100601 8.00E-10 0.48 3.84E-10 B2796 ST. CLAIR/BELLE RIVER POWER PLANT 10100601 8.00E-10 66.60 5.33E-08 B2796 ST. CLAIR/BELLE RIVER POWER PLANT 10100604 8.00E-10 212.56 1.70E-07 N0890 VIKING ENERGY OF LINCOLN, LLC 10100601 8.00E-10 1049.00 8.39E-07 N1160 VIKING ENERGY OF MCBAIN 10100601 8.00E-10 0.39 3.12E-10 B1966 WHITE PINE ELECTRIC POWER LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 11.94 9.55E-09 B2132 WYANDOTTE DEPT MUNI POWER PLANT 10100601 8.00E-10 36.50 2.92E-08 TOTAL 7,101.60 5.68E-06

Residential For residential natural gas combustion, the EPRI emission factor of 8.0E-10 lb/MMCF was used, along with year 2000 Census data on household heating and 2008 statewide fuel consumption data from the EIA of the USDoE to generate estimated emissions of mercury (MDEQ, 2014). This resulted in statewide total emissions from this category of 2.73E-04 lbs, compared to the estimate of 88.86 lbs, which was based on the WebFIRE natural gas combustion factor of 2.60E-04 lb/MMCF. Table 11.

Category Throughput (MMCF) Emission Factor Lbs Emitted

Residential Natural Gas Combustion 341,761.00 8.00E-10 0.000273

13

Industrial/Commercial Boilers For natural gas combustion from Industrial and commercial boilers, the EPRI emission factor of 8.0E-10 lb/MMCF was utilized, along with 2008 activity data from MAERS. The statewide total mercury emissions estimated for this category were 1.12E-04 lbs. The MAERS estimate, based on the standard USEPA factor, was 36.47 lbs for this category. The following industrial and commercial sources of natural gas combustion were included in the estimate: Table 12.

SRN Facility Name SCC Emission

Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

A6380 ABBOTT NUTRITION 10200602 8.00E-10 264.70 2.12E-07 A2402 ACCESS BUSINESS GROUP, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 88.00 7.04E-08 A2402 ACCESS BUSINESS GROUP, LLC 10100602 8.00E-10 12.00 9.60E-09 B4311 ADM GRAIN CO 10200602 8.00E-10 32.24 2.58E-08 B8863 ADM GRAIN COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 17.97 1.44E-08 M3912 ADM GRAIN COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 18.40 1.47E-08 B5830 AJAX METAL PROCESSING INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 114.90 9.19E-08 B6519 ALBEMARLE CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 60.60 4.85E-08 B1677 ALLNEX USA INC. 10100602 8.00E-10 334.60 2.68E-07 B6633 AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 54.00 4.32E-08 A5754 AMERICAN IRON & METAL 10200601 8.00E-10 556.94 4.46E-07 A5754 AMERICAN IRON & METAL 10200602 8.00E-10 6.07 4.86E-09 B1713 AMERICAN SEATING COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 31.67 2.53E-08 C5728 ANDREWS UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 143.28 1.15E-07 E4569 ARKEMA, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 52.59 4.21E-08 N1794 ATLAS EPS, A DIVISION OF ATLAS ROOFING CORP. 10200602 8.00E-10 4.90 3.92E-09 A3568 AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS HOLDINGS, LLC - UTICA PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 A3569 AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS, LLC- MT CLEMENS PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 7.40 5.92E-09 K2688 B.O.P. FEDERAL CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTE 10300602 8.00E-10 98.30 7.86E-08 B4359 BASF CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 N1336 BASF CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 43.60 3.49E-08 B6643 BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP 10200602 8.00E-10 19.00 1.52E-08 B2359 BIRDS EYE FOODS LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 61.15 4.89E-08 N7303 BLUEWATER GAS STORAGE FACILITY 10200602 8.00E-10 16.06 1.28E-08 N5797 BOAR'S HEAD PROVISIONS CO., INC. 10300602 8.00E-10 137.24 1.10E-07 K2729 BOTSFORD HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 95.62 7.65E-08 N3655 BRONSON BATTLE CREEK 10300602 8.00E-10 76.90 6.15E-08 B2158 BUCKEYE TERMINALS, LLC - WOODHAVEN TERMINAL 10300602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 L0550 CALVIN COLLEGE 10300602 8.00E-10 49.44 3.96E-08 A6240 CARGILL SALT INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 499.80 4.00E-07 K2460 CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 10300601 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 K2460 CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 156.10 1.25E-07 B1801 CHRYSLER GROUP LLC, STERLING STAMPING PLANT 10100602 8.00E-10 181.51 1.45E-07 N2155 CHRYSLER JEFFERSON NORTH ASSEMBLY PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 569.18 4.55E-07 B2767 CHRYSLER LLC WARREN TRUCK ASSEMBLY PLANT 10200601 8.00E-10 247.49 1.98E-07 B7248 CHRYSLER STERLING HEIGHTS ASSEMBLY PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 1,322.29 1.06E-06 B7248 CHRYSLER STERLING HEIGHTS ASSEMBLY PLANT 10300602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 N1436 CHRYSLER TECHNOLOGY CENTER 10200602 8.00E-10 400.90 3.21E-07 B3350 CHRYSLER TRENTON ENGINE 10200601 8.00E-10 225.11 1.80E-07 B3350 CHRYSLER TRENTON ENGINE 10200602 8.00E-10 56.32 4.51E-08 B1855 CLEARWATER PAPER - MENOMINEE 10200602 8.00E-10 16.86 1.35E-08

14


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

N7402 CONAGRA FOODS INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 64.87 5.19E-08 N1099 CONSUMERS ENERGY NORTHVILLE 10300603 8.00E-10 0.57 4.56E-10 N6013 CONTINENTAL ALUMINUM 10200602 8.00E-10 161.67 1.29E-07 B7038 CS FACILITIES, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 19.98 1.60E-08 A6902 DARLING INTERNATIONAL INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 70.92 5.67E-08 B1526 DARLING INTERNATIONAL INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 325.42 2.60E-07 D8065 DART CONTAINER CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN 10200602 8.00E-10 251.40 2.01E-07 B2014 DAY INTERNATIONAL, INC. A FLINT GROUP COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 87.20 6.98E-08 N6631 DEARBORN INDUSTRIAL GENERATION 10200601 8.00E-10 1,605.00 1.28E-06 M3156 DEARBORN SAUSAGE CO, INC. 10300603 8.00E-10 30.52 2.44E-08 B1476 DECORATIVE PANELS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 123.00 9.84E-08 A1177 DELPHI FLINT EAST 10200602 8.00E-10 217.80 1.74E-07 N5930 DELTA COLLEGE 10300602 8.00E-10 49.34 3.95E-08 N5930 DELTA COLLEGE 10300603 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 A1640 DEMMER CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 67.61 5.41E-08 N1192 DENSO MANUFACTURING MICHIGAN, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 60.10 4.81E-08 A8638 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 349.35 2.79E-07 B5853 DETROIT MEDIA PARTNERSHIP 10100602 8.00E-10 64.98 5.20E-08 M4174 DETROIT METROPOLITAN WAYNE COUNTY AIRPORT 10300602 8.00E-10 336.36 2.69E-07 B2116 DETROIT STEEL CO TRENTON 10200601 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B2814 DETROIT THERMAL BEACON HEATING PLANT 10300601 8.00E-10 709.21 5.67E-07 B3012 DETROIT THERMAL BLVD HEATING PLANT 10300602 8.00E-10 13.81 1.10E-08 N6358 DETROIT THERMAL HENRY HEATING PLANT 10300602 8.00E-10 3.31 2.65E-09 B2103 DETROIT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 10300602 8.00E-10 44.54 3.56E-08 B1925 DIVERSIFIED MACHINE MONTAGUE, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 16.00 1.28E-08 B4942 DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 124.10 9.93E-08 A4043 DOW CORNING - MIDLAND PLANT 10200601 8.00E-10 1,277.10 1.02E-06 A4043 DOW CORNING - MIDLAND PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 329.50 2.64E-07 A6218 DUNN PAPER, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 446.66 3.57E-07 A8448 DURR SYSTEMS, INC. 10100602 8.00E-10 23.40 1.87E-08 B5417 DW-NATIONAL STANDARD-NILES, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 178.20 1.43E-07 B6420 E.B. EDDY PAPER INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 34.61 2.77E-08 B6420 E.B. EDDY PAPER INC. 10300603 8.00E-10 0.72 5.76E-10 H5877 EASTERN MI UNIVERSITY 10300601 8.00E-10 448.65 3.59E-07 H5877 EASTERN MI UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 10.00 8.00E-09 B2217 EATON RESEARCH CENTER 10300603 8.00E-10 13.80 1.10E-08 H5265 EDWARDS BROTHERS, INC. 10300603 8.00E-10 22.40 1.79E-08 B1827 EMPIRE IRON MINING PARTNERSHIP 10200602 8.00E-10 80.61 6.45E-08 B9080 ENVIROSOLIDS, LLC 10300603 8.00E-10 9.02 7.22E-09 A0884 ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY 10200601 8.00E-10 351.60 2.81E-07 A0884 ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 244.00 1.95E-07 B4302 ESCO COMPANY, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 62.90 5.03E-08 B8574 EVERGREEN PACKAGING INC. 10100602 8.00E-10 7.02 5.62E-09 B2429 FAURECIA INTERIOR SYSTEMS 10200602 8.00E-10 4.44 3.55E-09 B2063 FAURECIA INTERIOR SYSTEMS SALINE, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 48.48 3.88E-08 B7288 FEDERAL MOGUL CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 71.20 5.70E-08 K2155 FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 357.90 2.86E-07 B3037 FITZGERALD FINISHING LLC 10300603 8.00E-10 82.86 6.63E-08 M4768 FLAT ROCK METAL INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 63.36 5.07E-08 N1280 FLINT HILLS RESOURCES POLYMERS, LLC 10300602 8.00E-10 124.04 9.92E-08 B1598 FLINT WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY 10300602 8.00E-10 142.76 1.14E-07 M4175 FORD MOTOR CO 10300602 8.00E-10 161.00 1.29E-07 B3241 FORD MOTOR CO BROWNSTOWN 10200602 8.00E-10 42.89 3.43E-08 M4764 FORD MOTOR CO ELM STREET BOILERHOUSE 10200601 8.00E-10 694.16 5.55E-07

15


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

M4764 FORD MOTOR CO ELM STREET BOILERHOUSE 10200602 8.00E-10 583.70 4.67E-07 B2956 FORD MOTOR CO NEW MODEL PROGRAM CTR 10200602 8.00E-10 54.88 4.39E-08 A8648 FORD MOTOR CO ROUGE COMPLEX 10200602 8.00E-10 53.06 4.24E-08 A8645 FORD MOTOR CO/ LIVONIA TRANSMISSION 10200601 8.00E-10 208.47 1.67E-07 A8645 FORD MOTOR CO/ LIVONIA TRANSMISSION 10200602 8.00E-10 202.19 1.62E-07 A8650 FORD MOTOR CO/ WAYNE COMPLEX 10100602 8.00E-10 220.40 1.76E-07 B2064 FORD MOTOR CO/RAWSONVILLE PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 201.98 1.62E-07 N7081 FORD MOTOR COMPANY - DRIVEABILITY TEST FACILITY 10300602 8.00E-10 52.21 4.18E-08 N0929 FORD MOTOR COMPANY - FLAT ROCK ASSEMBLY 10200602 8.00E-10 4.32 3.46E-09 A3567 FORD MOTOR COMPANY - STERLING PLANT 10200601 8.00E-10 169.32 1.35E-07 A3567 FORD MOTOR COMPANY - STERLING PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 175.73 1.41E-07 A8651 FORD MOTOR COMPANY, WOODHAVEN STAMPING PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 19.90 1.59E-08 B1771 FORD MOTOR COMPANY-VAN DYKE PLANT 10200601 8.00E-10 4.35 3.48E-09 B1771 FORD MOTOR COMPANY-VAN DYKE PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 108.07 8.65E-08 B4238 FRENCH PAPER COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 190.95 1.53E-07 M4547 FRITZ PRODUCTS 10200602 8.00E-10 84.00 6.72E-08 N0842 GAGE PRODUCTS COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 47.00 3.76E-08 B6438 GAVILON GRAIN LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 80.00 6.40E-08 M4781 GENERAL MOTORS CO ROMULUS ENGINEERING CTR 10200602 8.00E-10 77.39 6.19E-08 M4199 GENERAL MOTORS HAMTRAMCK 10200602 8.00E-10 19.14 1.53E-08 B2460 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - BAY CITY 10200602 8.00E-10 214.59 1.72E-07 A5262 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - MILFORD PROVING GROUND 10300602 8.00E-10 362.25 2.90E-07 B7227 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - ORION ASSEMBLY 10200601 8.00E-10 1,168.30 9.35E-07 B7227 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - ORION ASSEMBLY 10200602 8.00E-10 0.10 8.00E-11 B4032 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - PONTIAC NORTH CAMPUS 10300601 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B1606 GENERAL MOTORS LLC FLINT ASSEMBLY 10200601 8.00E-10 480.94 3.85E-07 B1798 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - WARREN TRANSMISSION PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 171.52 1.37E-07 N6950 GENERAL MOTORS LLC - LANSING DELTA TOWNSHIP 10200602 8.00E-10 138.71 1.11E-07 N6016 GENESYS REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 114.26 9.14E-08 N1237 GEORGIA PACIFIC CHEMICALS LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 20.70 1.66E-08 N6866 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORRUGATED LLC III 10200602 8.00E-10 62.35 4.99E-08 A6714 GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORRUGATED II LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 75,702.00 6.06E-05 A4338 GERBER PRODUCTS CO 10200601 8.00E-10 285.34 2.28E-07 A4338 GERBER PRODUCTS CO 10200602 8.00E-10 280.31 2.24E-07 B7061 GERDAU MACSTEEL MONROE 10200602 8.00E-10 142.58 1.14E-07 B4306 GERDAU SPECIAL STEEL NORTH AMERICA - JACKSON MILL 10200602 8.00E-10 91.96 7.36E-08 B3291 GIBRALTAR NATIONAL CORP/QUIKRETE DETROIT 10100602 8.00E-10 20.39 1.63E-08 A2620 GM COMPONENTS HOLDINGS, LLC 10200601 8.00E-10 24.42 1.95E-08 A2620 GM COMPONENTS HOLDINGS, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 149.31 1.19E-07 B1604 GM LLC CUSTOMER CARE & AFTERSALES - SWARTZ CREEK 10200602 8.00E-10 187.94 1.50E-07 B1991 GM POWERTRAIN GROUP - SAGINAW METAL CASTING 10200602 8.00E-10 201.10 1.61E-07 B4049 GM TECHNICAL CENTER 10200601 8.00E-10 750.88 6.01E-07 B4049 GM TECHNICAL CENTER 10200602 8.00E-10 11.82 9.46E-09 K2528 GRAND RAPIDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE 10300602 8.00E-10 81.97 6.56E-08 G7126 GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 133.00 1.06E-07 B1534 GRAPHIC PACKAGING INTERNATIONAL, INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 624.93 5.00E-07 B1678 GRAPHIC PACKAGING INTERNATIONAL, INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 2,136.98 1.71E-06 B1563 GREAT LAKES TISSUE 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 N0888 GREEN BAY PACKAGING INC.-KALAMAZOO CONTAINER DIV. 10200602 8.00E-10 38.90 3.11E-08 N0888 GREEN BAY PACKAGING INC.-KALAMAZOO CONTAINER DIV. 10300603 8.00E-10 19.09 1.53E-08 N7383 GREEN PLAINS HOLDINGS II LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 1,680.93 1.34E-06 A0171 HASTINGS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 66.01 5.28E-08 N6726 HEAT TREATING SERVICES CORP - PLANT 3 10200602 8.00E-10 149.45 1.20E-07 N7096 HEAT TREATING SERVICES CORP OF AMERICA - PLANT 1 10200602 8.00E-10 50.67 4.05E-08

16


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

B2644 HEMLOCK SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 602.20 4.82E-07 A6237 HENKEL CORPORATION 10300603 8.00E-10 52.15 4.17E-08 B6569 HENKEL CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 32.02 2.56E-08 K1271 HENRY FORD HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 274.00 2.19E-07 B4320 HICKMAN WILLIAMS CO 10200602 8.00E-10 41.23 3.30E-08 A5806 HILLSHIRE BRANDS COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 120.94 9.68E-08 M4153 HOPE COLLEGE 10300602 8.00E-10 157.99 1.26E-07 N6976 HUNTINGTON FOAM LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 48.37 3.87E-08 D8011 HURON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 16.36 1.31E-08 D8011 HURON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 10300603 8.00E-10 3.92 3.14E-09 M4232 HURON VALLEY - SINAI HOSPITAL 10200602 8.00E-10 52.50 4.20E-08 B6178 HURON VALLEY STEEL CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 13.88 1.11E-08 A1864 INDUSTRIAL STEEL TREAT CO 10300603 8.00E-10 142.70 1.14E-07 B7985 INTERNATIONAL PAPER 10200602 8.00E-10 57.25 4.58E-08 B4004 INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 52.20 4.18E-08 B6027 INTEVA PRODUCTS ADRIAN OPERATIONS 10200602 8.00E-10 50.60 4.05E-08 B7244 JBS PLAINWELL, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 183.50 1.47E-07 M4752 JOHN D DINGELL VA MEDICAL CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 223.26 1.79E-07 A1991 KALSEC, INCORPORATED 10200602 8.00E-10 40.31 3.22E-08 B4395 KEEBLER CO 10200602 8.00E-10 52.53 4.20E-08 A0563 KELLOGG USA INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 489.76 3.92E-07 N3225 KENT CAREER TECHNICAL CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 20.78 1.66E-08 N1604 KENT COUNTY WASTE TO ENERGY FACILITY 10300602 8.00E-10 9.69 7.75E-09 B2658 KERR CORPORATION 10300603 8.00E-10 11.04 8.83E-09 B5191 KNOLL INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 202.00 1.62E-07 N0547 KRUGER COMMODITIES 10200602 8.00E-10 269.24 2.15E-07 B7276 L PERRIGO CO 10200602 8.00E-10 55.15 4.41E-08 B1912 L-3 COMMUNICATIONS: COMBAT PROPULSION SYSTEMS 10200602 8.00E-10 147.55 1.18E-07 C5704 LAKELAND MEDICAL CENTER (FORMER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL) 10300602 8.00E-10 32.56 2.60E-08 A2396 LEON PLASTICS 10300603 8.00E-10 0.04 3.20E-11 B6179 LOCKHART CHEMICAL COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 48.74 3.90E-08 A4285 LORIN INDUSTRIES 10200602 8.00E-10 41.20 3.30E-08 N3417 LYMTAL INTERNATIONAL, INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 3.31 2.65E-09 B2751 MAGNA MIRRORS 10300603 8.00E-10 32.40 2.59E-08 N1781 MAGNA MIRRORS CORPORATION 10300603 8.00E-10 67.20 5.38E-08 N5056 MAGNA MIRRORS CORPORATION - NEWAYGO 10300603 8.00E-10 18.47 1.48E-08 A4302 MAHLE INDUSTRIES INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 A9831 MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP 10200601 8.00E-10 3,018.05 2.41E-06 A9831 MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP 10200602 8.00E-10 816.48 6.53E-07 N7493 MARYSVILLE ETHANOL, LLC 10200601 8.00E-10 1,429.00 1.14E-06 B4282 MARYSVILLE HYDROCARBONS, LLC. 10200601 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B2032 MARYSVILLE NPDC 10200602 8.00E-10 9.05 7.24E-09 B2671 MASCO BCG - MERILLAT 10200602 8.00E-10 6.71 5.37E-09 A5858 MEAD JOHNSON & COMPANY, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 211.66 1.69E-07 A4203 MELCHING, INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 64.20 5.14E-08 A4203 MELCHING, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 885.90 7.09E-07 A0402 MENASHA PACKAGING COMPANY, LLC - COLOMA PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 42.29 3.38E-08 M0037 MERCY GENERAL HEALTH PARTNERS 10300602 8.00E-10 74.79 5.98E-08 B3509 MERIDIAN AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS 10200602 8.00E-10 87.77 7.02E-08 N0041 MERITOR LLC 10300602 8.00E-10 15.42 1.23E-08 N0041 MERITOR LLC 10300603 8.00E-10 7.76 6.21E-09 N5866 METAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., RAVENNA DUCTILE IRON 10200602 8.00E-10 32.70 2.62E-08 N7349 METRO HEALTH HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 90.25 7.22E-08 N6996 MICHIGAN ETHANOL D/B/A POET BIOREFINING - CARO 10200602 8.00E-10 1,529.80 1.22E-06

17


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

N4975 MICHIGAN POWER LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 10200601 8.00E-10 807.49 6.46E-07 A4741 MICHIGAN SEAMLESS TUBE, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 109.00 8.72E-08 K3249 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10200602 8.00E-10 4.70 3.76E-09 K3249 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10300601 8.00E-10 371.64 2.97E-07 K3249 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10300603 8.00E-10 25.32 2.03E-08 B1929 MICHIGAN STEEL, INC. 10300603 8.00E-10 83.60 6.69E-08 B2873 MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY - SEBEWAING FACTORY 10200602 8.00E-10 93.00 7.44E-08 B1493 MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY - BAY CITY 10200601 8.00E-10 1,895.00 1.52E-06 B2874 MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY - CARROLLTON FACTORY 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B2875 MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY, CARO FACTORY 10200602 8.00E-10 6.43 5.14E-09 B2876 MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY, CROSWELL FACTORY 10200602 8.00E-10 28.12 2.25E-08 N7729 MICHIGAN WOOD FUELS LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B6527 MIDLAND COGENERATION VENTURE 10200602 8.00E-10 3.08 2.46E-09 B4131 MNP CORP 10300602 8.00E-10 350.60 2.80E-07 N1701 MORBARK INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 73.60 5.89E-08 B1824 MORTON SALT, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B1824 MORTON SALT, INC. 10100604 8.00E-10 0.81 6.48E-10 N2954 MOSAIC POTASH HERSEY LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 134.70 1.08E-07 B1726 MOTORS LIQUIDATION COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 112.59 9.01E-08 A6475 MPI ACQUISITION, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 17.53 1.40E-08 B2050 MPI RESEARCH 10300601 8.00E-10 299.00 2.39E-07 N6577 ND INDUSTRIES, INC. 10300603 8.00E-10 9.69 7.75E-09 N7549 NEAL MAST AND SON GREENHOUSE, INC. 10300602 8.00E-10 62.51 5.00E-08 B1470 NEENAH PAPER - MICHIGAN INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 0.08 6.40E-11 N7149 NESTLE WATERS NORTH AMERICA 10200602 8.00E-10 32.40 2.59E-08 N6767 NEW COVERT GENERATING COMPANY, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 24.91 1.99E-08 A6175 NEXTEER AUTOMOTIVE CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 21.03 1.68E-08 M3792 NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 394.00 3.15E-07 N0731 NORTRU, LLC 10300602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 N0731 NORTRU, LLC 10300603 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 G5252 OAKLAND CO. SERVICE CENTER - CENTRAL STEAM PLANT 10300602 8.00E-10 140.60 1.12E-07 N7381 OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE - AUBURN HILLS CAMPUS 10300602 8.00E-10 74.88 5.99E-08 N7380 OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE-HIGHLAND LAKES CAMPUS 10300602 8.00E-10 28.80 2.30E-08 N7380 OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE-HIGHLAND LAKES CAMPUS 10300603 8.00E-10 0.50 4.00E-10 G2516 OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE-ORCHARD RIDGE CAMPUS 10300602 8.00E-10 59.60 4.77E-08 G2516 OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE-ORCHARD RIDGE CAMPUS 10300603 8.00E-10 2.50 2.00E-09 N3422 OAKLAND UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 252.07 2.02E-07 K1260 OAKWOOD HEALTHCARE ANNAPOLIS 10100602 8.00E-10 80.00 6.40E-08 J4912 OAKWOOD HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 199.00 1.59E-07 B4925 O-N MINERALS (MICH) CO. DBA CARMEUSE LIME 10200602 8.00E-10 50.39 4.03E-08 A0023 OTSEGO PAPER INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 169.59 1.36E-07 B2013 OX PAPERBOARD OF MICHIGAN, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 101.48 8.12E-08 B2561 PACKAGING CORPORATION OF AMERICA 10300602 8.00E-10 53.30 4.26E-08 B3692 PACKAGING CORPORATION OF AMERICA - FILER CITY MILL 10200601 8.00E-10 498.30 3.99E-07 B2329 PAR STERILE PRODUCTS, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 12.03 9.62E-09 E5094 PAULSTRA CRC CORPORATION 10200602 8.00E-10 64.52 5.16E-08 N5688 PERRIGO HOLLAND, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 41.30 3.30E-08 B3610 PHARMACIA & UPJOHN CO LLC, A SUBSIDIARY OF PFIZER 10200601 8.00E-10 158.83 1.27E-07 B4977 PINNACLE FOODS GROUP LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 163.93 1.31E-07 N5747 PIONEER METAL FINISHING INDUSTRIAL HWY 10300603 8.00E-10 39.30 3.14E-08 A8627 PLYMOUTH ROAD I LLC C/O DELTA MANAGEMENT CO 10300602 8.00E-10 50.64 4.05E-08 A8627 PLYMOUTH ROAD I LLC C/O DELTA MANAGEMENT CO 10300603 8.00E-10 38.64 3.09E-08 N1622 POLLARD (U.S.) LTD 10200602 8.00E-10 42.80 3.42E-08 B1548 POST FOODS 10200601 8.00E-10 466.00 3.73E-07

18


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

M4347 PRAXAIR, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 95.99 7.68E-08 B0785 QUAKER CHEMICAL CORP. 10200602 8.00E-10 74.23 5.94E-08 B1945 QUIKRETE-FLINT 10100602 8.00E-10 15.10 1.21E-08 A1178 RACER 10200601 8.00E-10 379.52 3.04E-07 A1178 RACER 10200602 8.00E-10 3.11 2.49E-09 N1294 RACER PONTIAC CENTERPOINT CAMPUS CENTRAL AND WEST 10200602 8.00E-10 9.91 7.93E-09 B4031 RACER TRUST - PONTIAC CENTRAL AND WEST 10200602 8.00E-10 276.97 2.22E-07 B2052 RACER TRUST - WILLOW RUN PLANT INDUSTRIAL LAND 10200601 8.00E-10 316.66 2.53E-07 B2052 RACER TRUST - WILLOW RUN PLANT INDUSTRIAL LAND 10200602 8.00E-10 538.06 4.30E-07 N7543 RALCORP FROZEN BAKERY PRODUCTS 10100602 8.00E-10 1.60 1.28E-09 B1537 RALSTON FOODS 10200602 8.00E-10 9.72 7.78E-09 B1537 RALSTON FOODS 10300602 8.00E-10 135.43 1.08E-07 B6636 RAY COMPRESSOR STATION 10300603 8.00E-10 2.75 2.20E-09 N8192 REQUEST FOODS, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 33.46 2.68E-08 N8192 REQUEST FOODS, INC. 10100602 8.00E-10 32.20 2.58E-08 N3929 RESOLUTE FOREST PRODUCTS - MENOMINEE 10200601 8.00E-10 715.71 5.73E-07 B4072 ROCK-TENN CO 10200601 8.00E-10 927.10 7.42E-07 N3391 ROMEO GAS PROCESSING PLANT 10200602 8.00E-10 102.26 8.18E-08 F3254 SELFRIDGE AIR NATIONAL GUARD BASE 10300603 8.00E-10 208.57 1.67E-07 B2952 SILBOND CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 33.90 2.71E-08 M2032 SPECTRUM HEALTH-BUTTERWORTH CAMPUS 10300603 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B8707 SPRINGS WINDOW FASHIONS, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 0.48 3.84E-10 M1812 ST JOHN HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 104.46 8.36E-08 G5066 ST JOSEPH MERCY HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 115.00 9.20E-08 M3431 ST JOSEPH MERCY HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 244.09 1.95E-07 M1952 ST MARY'S OF MICHIGAN 10300602 8.00E-10 92.27 7.38E-08 M1967 ST. JOHN PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 136.42 1.09E-07 N0710 STATE OF MICHIGAN 10300602 8.00E-10 3.60 2.88E-09 N0677 STEELCASE INC.- KENTWOOD COMPLEX 10200602 8.00E-10 22.19 1.78E-08 N0677 STEELCASE INC.- KENTWOOD COMPLEX 10300602 8.00E-10 115.30 9.22E-08 B5966 SUN CHEMICAL CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 286.00 2.29E-07 N7132 SUN GRO HORTICULTURE 10100602 8.00E-10 72.00 5.76E-08 N8071 SUNDANCE BEVERAGE CO 10200602 8.00E-10 76.00 6.08E-08 B2926 SUNOCO PARTNERS M & T, L.P. - RIVER ROUGE TERMINAL 10300603 8.00E-10 20.00 1.60E-08 B2173 TAMINCO HIGHER AMINES, INC. 10200601 8.00E-10 396.10 3.17E-07 B1761 TECUMSEH FOOD, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 35.05 2.80E-08 N7289 TEGRANT DIVERSIFIED BRANDS, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 96.18 7.69E-08 A4033 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY U.S.A., MIDLAND 10200601 8.00E-10 72.50 5.80E-08 A4033 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY U.S.A., MIDLAND 10200602 8.00E-10 120.00 9.60E-08 B6619 TIARA YACHTS DIVISION OF S2 YACHTS 10300603 8.00E-10 53.00 4.24E-08 B4885 TILDEN MINING COMPANY LC 10200601 8.00E-10 1,009.00 8.07E-07 N2915 TOYOTA MOTOR ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING 10300603 8.00E-10 44.80 3.58E-08 A6445 TRELLEBORG AUTOMOTIVE USA, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 B1993 TRW INTEGRATED CHASSIS SYSTEMS 10200601 8.00E-10 77.30 6.18E-08 N5767 TWEDDLE GROUP 10300602 8.00E-10 21.30 1.70E-08 A7757 US SILICA CO 10300602 8.00E-10 44.17 3.53E-08 A7809 US STEEL GREAT LAKES WORKS 10200601 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 A7809 US STEEL GREAT LAKES WORKS 10200602 8.00E-10 815.00 6.52E-07 B2763 US ARMY GARRISON-DETROIT ARSENAL 10300602 8.00E-10 208.19 1.67E-07 N7248 US MANUFACTURING CORP. 10200602 8.00E-10 47.00 3.76E-08 K5375 UNIVERSITY MI DEARBORN 10300602 8.00E-10 82.90 6.63E-08 K5375 UNIVERSITY MI DEARBORN 10300603 8.00E-10 53.40 4.27E-08 M0675 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 10300601 8.00E-10 2,070.40 1.66E-06 M0675 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 10300602 8.00E-10 102.69 8.22E-08

19


Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

M0675 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 10300603 8.00E-10 427.83 3.42E-07 M3641 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN FLINT 10300602 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 M3641 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN FLINT 10300603 8.00E-10 139.98 1.12E-07 B2328 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN- FORMER PFIZER GLOBAL R&D 10200602 8.00E-10 391.62 3.13E-07 N5040 US USEPA NATL VEHICLE & FUEL EMISSION 10300602 8.00E-10 37.40 2.99E-08 M3653 V A MEDICAL CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 129.20 1.03E-07 B2337 VCF FILMS, INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 49.87 3.99E-08 N0923 VENTRA IONIA MAIN, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 83.70 6.70E-08 B2838 VEOLIA ENERGY GRAND RAPIDS, LLC 10300601 8.00E-10 621.00 4.97E-07 B2838 VEOLIA ENERGY GRAND RAPIDS, LLC 10300602 8.00E-10 318.00 2.54E-07 B7192 VERSO PAPER - QUINNESEC 10200601 8.00E-10 93.47 7.48E-08 B7192 VERSO PAPER - QUINNESEC 10200602 8.00E-10 28.07 2.25E-08 B2817 VERTELLUS HEALTH & SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 68.97 5.52E-08 A2849 WACKER CHEMICAL CORP 10200602 8.00E-10 112.80 9.02E-08 M4773 WAYNE CO COMM COLLEGE DOWNRIVER 10300603 8.00E-10 30.20 2.42E-08 M4774 WAYNE CO COMM COLLEGE EASTERN 10300603 8.00E-10 13.60 1.09E-08 M4833 WAYNE CO COMM COLLEGE NORTHWEST 10300603 8.00E-10 15.10 1.21E-08 M4772 WAYNE CO COMM COLLEGE WESTERN 10300603 8.00E-10 7.10 5.68E-09 M0239 WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 1,088.08 8.70E-07 M0239 WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY 10300603 8.00E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 N1461 WELCH FOODS INC. 10200602 8.00E-10 269.00 2.15E-07 K2131 WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 10300602 8.00E-10 527.99 4.22E-07 B2024 WHITE PIGEON PAPER COMPANY 10200601 8.00E-10 29.38 2.35E-08 B2024 WHITE PIGEON PAPER COMPANY 10200602 8.00E-10 268.54 2.15E-07 G5067 WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 440.46 3.52E-07 G5067 WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL 10300603 8.00E-10 34.71 2.78E-08 N3987 WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL 10300602 8.00E-10 138.37 1.11E-07 N6980 WMU ENERGY RESOURCE CENTER 10300602 8.00E-10 51.95 4.16E-08 B2979 WOLVERINE WORLD WIDE TANNERY 10200602 8.00E-10 65.20 5.22E-08 B1913 YALE LIFT-TECH 10200602 8.00E-10 58.13 4.65E-08 B4288 ZOETIS P&U LLC 10200601 8.00E-10 6.30 5.04E-09 B4288 ZOETIS P&U LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 105.73 8.46E-08 N3519 ZOETIS P&U LLC 10200602 8.00E-10 54.75 4.38E-08 N3519 ZOETIS P&U LLC 10300602 8.00E-10 38.75 3.10E-08 TOTAL 140,357.22 1.12E-04

Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Stationary internal combustion engine emissions were calculated similarly to industrial/commercial boilers that combust natural gas. The EPRI factor produced a statewide estimate of 1.87E-05 lbs, compared to the MAERS estimate, which produced an estimate of 187.48 lbs using the USEPA factor. The following sources of natural gas combustion were included in the estimate:

20

Table 13.

SRN Facility Name SCC EPRI Emission Factor (LB/MMCF)

Throughput (MMCF)

Lbs Emitted

EI Year

B7197 ANR - RAPID RIVER COMPRESSOR STATION 20200202 8.000E-10 146.40 1.17E-07 2008 B7390 ANR PIPELINE - CENTRAL CHARLTON COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 99.00 7.92E-08 2008 B7198 ANR PIPELINE - COLD SPRINGS/BLUE LAKE 20200202 8.000E-10 808.26 6.47E-07 2008 B3721 ANR PIPELINE - REED CITY COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 122.88 9.83E-08 2008 B7220 ANR PIPELINE CO - WOOLFOLK COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 659.23 5.27E-07 2008 N5578 ANR PIPELINE CO. - WINFIELD COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 23.70 1.90E-08 2008 N5576 ANR PIPELINE CO. - GOODWELL COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 3.72 2.98E-09 2008 B7219 ANR PIPELINE CO. - S. CHESTER COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 114.52 9.16E-08 2008 N5575 ANR PIPELINE CO. - BRIDGMAN COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 824.46 6.60E-07 2008 N5575 ANR PIPELINE CO. - BRIDGMAN COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 130.14 1.04E-07 2008 N5574 ANR PIPELINE CO. - HAMILTON COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 929.80 7.44E-07 2008 N5574 ANR PIPELINE CO. - HAMILTON COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 61.84 4.95E-08 2008 N5586 ANR PIPELINE CO. - LINCOLN COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 332.40 2.66E-07 2008 B7196 ANR STORAGE CO. - EXCELSIOR COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 126.53 1.01E-07 2008 M4085 CHRYSLER MACK AVE. 20200202 8.000E-10 0.10 8.00E-11 2008 N5724 CITY OF ST. LOUIS 20200202 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B6508 CLINTON VILLAGE OF 20200202 8.000E-10 0.03 2.40E-11 2008 N2901 CONSUMERS ENERGY - MUSKEGON RIVER COMPRESSOR 20200201 8.000E-10 82.20 6.58E-08 2008 N5798 CORE ENERGY, LLC., CHESTER 10 CO2 RECOVERY 20200202 8.000E-10 171.50 1.37E-07 2008 N6631 DEARBORN INDUSTRIAL GENERATION 20200201 8.000E-10 3,075.30 2.46E-06 2008 A8638 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION 20200202 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B4942 DOW AGROSCIENCES, LLC. 20200201 8.000E-10 722.52 5.78E-07 2008 N3392 DTE GAS COMPANY - TAGGART COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 326.19 2.61E-07 2008 N3022 EATON RAPIDS GAS STORAGE SYSTEM 20200202 8.000E-10 160.96 1.29E-07 2008 N6266 FEDERAL MOGUL POWERTRAIN, INC. 20200202 8.000E-10 0.70 5.60E-10 2008 B5815 GENERAL MOTORS ROMULUS ENGINE PLANT 20200201 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B4049 GM TECHNICAL CENTER 20200202 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 N5581 GREAT LAKES GAS, FARWELL COMPRESSOR STA. 12 20200201 8.000E-10 394.42 3.16E-07 2008 N5581 GREAT LAKES GAS, FARWELL COMPRESSOR STA. 12 20200202 8.000E-10 876.53 7.01E-07 2008 B8573 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANS STA. #11 (TRANSCANADA #11) 20200201 8.000E-10 1,423.37 1.14E-06 2008 N3758 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANSMISSION STA. #10 20200201 8.000E-10 1,769.47 1.42E-06 2008 N3818 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANSMISSION STA. #13 20200201 8.000E-10 1,714.75 1.37E-06 2008 N2168 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANSMISSION STA. #7 20200201 8.000E-10 1,601.73 1.28E-06 2008 N3760 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANSMISSION STA. #8 20200201 8.000E-10 2,377.97 1.90E-06 2008 N3759 GREAT LAKES GAS, TRANSMISSION STA. #9 20200201 8.000E-10 627.66 5.02E-07 2008 A9831 MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP 20200202 8.000E-10 189.08 1.51E-07 2008 B4292 MERIT ENERGY CO. - KALKASKA GAS PLANT 20200201 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B6481 MID MICHIGAN GAS STORAGE CO - CAPAC 20200202 8.000E-10 0.05 4.00E-11 2008 N2954 MOSAIC POTASH HERSEY LLC 20200201 8.000E-10 564.10 4.51E-07 2008 B8337 MUTTONVILLE COMPRESSOR STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 19.34 1.55E-08 2008 N5792 OVERISEL COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B6636 RAY COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 23.70 1.90E-08 2008 N3391 ROMEO GAS PROCESSING PLANT 20200202 8.000E-10 502.50 4.02E-07 2008 M4780 ROUSH INDUSTRIES 20200202 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B6637 ST. CLAIR COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 N1685 TES FILER CITY STA. 20200202 8.000E-10 0.05 4.00E-11 2008 B7748 TUSCOLA MINERALS CO 20200202 8.000E-10 0.00 0.00E+00 2008 B5421 VANDYKE GENERATING PLANT 20200201 8.000E-10 17.33 1.39E-08 2008 N7624 VECTOR PIPELINE L.P. 20200201 8.000E-10 1,092.60 8.74E-07 2008 N6838 VECTOR PIPELINE L.P., HIGHLAND COMPRESSOR STA. 20200201 8.000E-10 1,175.07 9.40E-07 2008 N6512 WESTSIDE GAS PRODUCERS, LLC 20200202 8.000E-10 61.20 4.90E-08 2008 N1652 WHITING PETROLEUM WEST BRANCH GAS PLANT 20200202 8.000E-10 38.53 3.08E-08 2008 TOTAL 23,391.83 1.87E-05

21

Wood Combustion Electric Utilities Mercury emissions from wood-fired electric utilities were estimated using data from MAERS as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI (MDEQ, 2014). Wood consumption, or throughput, is expressed in tons. A mercury emission factor was not available for the source classification code (SCC) selected by Genesee Power for reporting of wood and wood waste combusted in their boiler. Accordingly, an emission rate factor obtained from their May 2010 stack test was utilized by the AQD with hourly activity data from MAERS to create an estimate. Table 14.

SRN Facility Name SCC Emission Factor

Throughput (tons)

Lbs Emitted EI Year

N1395 Cadillac Renewable Energy Facility 10100902 3.64E-05 365,963.04 13.32000 2008 N3570 Genesee Power 10100911 3.0E-04 LB/HR 8160 hr/yr 2.45 2008

N2388 Grayling Generating Station, Ltd. Ptnr. 10100902 3.64E-05 340,556.00 12.39620 2008

N1266 Hillman Power Company 10100902 3.64E-05 227,470.00 8.27991 2008 B4260 L'Anse Warden Electric Co. 10100901 5.15E-06 1,509.70 0.01000 2008 B4260 L'Anse Warden Electric Co. 10100903 3.64E-05 11,468.00 0.41744 2008 N0890 Viking Energy of Lincoln, LLC 10100902 3.64E-05 172,455.00 6.27736 2008 N1160 Viking Energy of McBain 10300902 5.15E-06 182,895.50 0.94191 2008 B1966 White Pine Electric Power, LLC 10200905 5.15E-06 3,207.00 0.01652 2008 TOTAL 44.10933

Industrial/Commercial Point source estimates such as those for industrial and commercial combustion of wood were collected from MAERS (MDEQ, 2014). These point source estimates were generated as part of EGLE’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI.

22

Table 15.

SRN Facility Name SCC Emission Factor

Throughput (tons)

Lbs Emitted

EI Year

A0749 AMERIWOOD INDUSTRIES 10300903 3.64E-05 1,154.00 0.04201 2008

N2206 BANKS HARDWOODS, INC. 10200906 5.15E-06 7,254.86 0.03736 2008

N2206 BANKS HARDWOODS, INC. 10200906 5.15E-06 2,887.70 0.01487 2008

N7799 BORDINE NURSERY 10100903 3.64E-05 2,694.00 0.09806 2008

K2460 CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY 10300903 3.64E-05 41,605.00 1.51442 2008

B7099 CONNOR AGA SPORTS FLOORING, LLC 10200905 5.15E-06 2,316.50 0.01193 2008

B7099 CONNOR AGA SPORTS FLOORING, LLC 10200905 5.15E-06 3,062.22 0.01577 2008

B1476 DECORATIVE PANELS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 10200901 3.15E-05 28,209.00 0.88858 2008



A0884 ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY 10200902 3.395E-05 329,914.00 11.20060 2008

A0884 ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY 10200902 3.395E-05 259,006.00 8.79325 2008

B6001 HERMAN MILLER, INC. 10200907 5.15E-06 11,455.00 0.06000 2008

A5937 HOWARD MILLER COMPANY 10200906 5.15E-06 1,121.60 0.00578 2008

B8603 JELD-WEN INTERIOR DOOR - GRAND RAPIDS 10300903 3.64E-05 0.00 0.00000 2008

N0780 LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORP. NEWBERRY PLANT 10200905 5.15E-06 13,867.00 0.07142 2008

N1315 LOUISIANA-PACIFIC CORP. SAGOLA PLANT 10200904 5.15E-06 16,368.00 0.08430 2008

A0998 MANTHEI, INC. - VENEER MILL 10200902 3.395E-05 3,600.00 0.12222 2008

B2671 MASCO BCG - MERILLAT 10200905 5.15E-06 0.00 0.00000 2008

A4203 MELCHING, INC. 10200902 3.395E-05 52,079.10 1.76809 2008

A0999 MICHIGAN MAPLE BLOCK 10200906 5.15E-06 1,899.00 0.00978 2008

N7729 MICHIGAN WOOD FUELS, LLC. 10300903 3.64E-05 0.00 0.00000 2008

N7729 MICHIGAN WOOD FUELS, LLC. 10300903 3.64E-05 3,800.30 0.13833 2008

B1470 NEENAH PAPER – MICHIGAN, INC. 10200902 3.395E-05 0.00 0.00000 2008

E4437 NORTHWEST HARDWOODS 10200906 5.15E-06 1,600.36 0.00824 2008

N5940 POTLATCH LAND & LUMBER, LLC. 10200905 5.15E-06 14,533.00 0.07000 2008

N5940 POTLATCH LAND & LUMBER, LLC. 10200905 5.15E-06 14,195.00 0.07000 2008

B8707 SPRINGS WINDOW FASHIONS, LLC. 10200905 5.15E-06 624.38 0.00000 2008

B7192 VERSO PAPER – QUINNESEC 10200902 3.395E-05 311,885.00 10.58850 2008 N2454 WOLVERINE HARDWOODS, INC. 10100903 3.64E-05 1,088.00 0.03960 2008 TOTAL 1,142,370.02 36.20143

23

Residential For residential wood combustion, the USEPA’s estimate of mercury emissions from 2008 NEI version 3 was utilized. The USEPA calculated that 11.06 lbs of mercury was emitted from residential wood burning in Michigan. This estimate is based on inputs and emission factors included in the USEPA’s Residential Wood Combustion Tool, an Access database designed for estimating pollutants from the residential wood sector. Tire-Derived Fuel Combustion Several facilities utilized tire-derived fuel (TDF) to fire their boilers. The values are default MAERS estimates based on a USEPA emission factor. Table 16.

EI Year SRN Facility Name SCC TDF in tons Mercury in lbs Source of Estimate

2008 B2132 Wyandotte Dept. Muni. Power Plant 10101201 22,221.40 85.86 Default MAERS Estimate 2008 B4260 L'Anse Warden Electric Co., LLC 10101201 633.33 2.45 Default MAERS Estimate 2008 N0890 Viking Energy of Lincoln, LLC 10101201 13,093.00 50.59 Default MAERS Estimate 2008 N1160 Viking Energy of McBain 10101201 14,458.00 55.87 Default MAERS Estimate 2008 N1685 TES Filer City Station 10101201 12,477.40 48.21 Default MAERS Estimate 2008 N2388 Grayling Generating Station, Ltd. Ptnr. 10101201 5,952.00 23.00 Default MAERS Estimate

TOTAL 68,835.13 265.98

Petroleum Refining Marathon Ashland Petroleum (A9831), the only petroleum refinery in the state, emitted 6.07 lbs of mercury in 2008 according to data gathered from MAERS as part of Michigan’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI (McGeen, 2014). Table 17.

Facility SRN Throughput (MMCF)

Emission Factor Lbs Emitted Year

Marathon Petroleum Refining A9831 1064.11 4.23E-04 0.45 2008 Marathon Petroleum Refining A9831 2060.21 2.73E-03 5.62 2008

TOTAL 6.07

24

Residential LPG (Propane) Combustion Residential fuel combustion estimates were generated as part of the MDEQ’s submittal to the USEPA’s 2008 NEI. For residential Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or propane combustion, an emission factor of 0.000012 lbs/1,000 gallons was selected. This factor was used, along with year 2000 U.S. Census data on household heating and 2008 statewide fuel consumption data from the EIA, USDoE, to generate estimated emissions of mercury for 2008 (MDEQ, 2014). LPG consumption, or throughput, is expressed in thousands of gallons. Table 18.

Category Throughput (E3GAL) Emission Factor (lb/E3GAL) Lbs Emitted Year

Residential LPG Propane 429,030 1.20E-05 5.15 2008

INCINERATION Sewage Sludge Incineration When possible, specific facility information was collected and used to compute emissions. The Battle Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has two multiple hearth sewage sludge incinerators, which have venturi scrubber, impingement scrubber, quencher, and afterburner controls. Both incinerators had stack testing conducted on them in 2001. More recent test data was not available. According to facility-reported MAERS data, the Battle Creek WWTP emitted 0.00 lbs of mercury in 2005 due to incineration (MDEQ, 2009). The facility reported a mercury value of 8.24 lbs to MAERS for 2008, although this is based on their use of the default USEPA factor in MAERS. According to MAERS, 99,559.20 tons of biosolids (sewage sludge) were incinerated at the Detroit Wastewater Treatment Plant in 2008 (McGeen, 2014). Using an emission factor derived from a 2012 stack test at the facility, 107.52 lbs of mercury was likely released to the air in 2008. The Flint Water Pollution Control Plant has an afterburner, venturi and impingement tray scrubber, and mist eliminator controls. Recent stack test data was not available; therefore, stack tests from 2001, and 2008 MAERS operating data, were used to compute emissions (McGeen, 2014). Emissions in 2008 from the Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority were reported at 0.56 lbs/yr in the annual MAERS reporting (McGeen, 2014). This was based on stack testing conducted at the facility in 2008. The new incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator with venturi and impingement scrubbers, wet electrostatic precipitator, and carbon adsorption. The East Lansing Publicly Owned Treatment Works shut down their incinerator in 2002; therefore, it was not included in this inventory. The Trenton WWTP removed their incinerator in 2003, so it was also not included in this inventory. The Ann Arbor WWTP incinerator ceased operations and the permit was voided in 2006. MAERS was used to determine Source Classification Codes (SCC) and control technologies for the other incinerators (MDEQ, 2014). An emission factor from WebFIRE was then applied to these facilities’ throughput information (USEPA, 2014). The following sewage sludge incinerators were included in the calculation:

25

Table 19.

Facility Name SRN Throughput (tons)

EM Factor, lbs/ton

MAERS EE

Value, lbs

Hg Final Est includes Alternate

Calculation Where

Available

EI Year Comments

Flint Water Pollution Control B1598

annual hours per

unit various 16.06 7.06 2008

EM factors calculated from 2001 stack test; each of the 4 incinerators has its own hourly-based emission factor, applied by ERAU to the reported yearly hours of operation for each unit.

Pontiac WWTP B1950 6690.20 1.90E-03 30.77 12.71 2008 Using factor from 2002 mercury report (WebFIRE factor of 1.90E-03 lb/ton)

Detroit WWTP B2103 99,559.20 1.08E-03 NA 107.52 2008 Origin of factor is 2012 stack test from the facility

Port Huron WWTP L0058 1277.00 1.40E-03 NA 2 2008 Use estimate from 2002 mercury report; facility not in MAERS

Warren WWTP B1792 5883 27.0618 27.0618 2008 Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority

B6237 3471.98 0.56 0.56 2008 RO VALUE

City of Battle Creek WWTP B6307 1791.1 8.24 8.24 2008 RO VALUE (MATCHES EE VALUE)

TOTALS 82.70 165.15

B2060, Ann Arbor WWTP, voided incinerator permit in 2006. Trends for Mercury in Michigan Biosolids (MDEQ, Water Bureau, 2012), per an email from Michael Person, MDEQ to Joy Taylor Morgan, MDEQ: Table 20.

Year Hg Concentrations in Biosolids (mg/kg)

2009 1.63

2010 1.83

2011 2.01

2012 1.61

In an email to Dennis McGeen, MDEQ on February 19, 2014, Michael Person indicated, “… please note that this is the average concentration in land applied biosolids not sewage sludge that is incinerated. It is probably fairly close but I do not have the mercury concentration of incineration only facilities.” Pre-2008 trends in biosolids are shown below, as documented by the MDEQ’s Water Bureau (2009).

26

Table 21.

Municipal Waste Incineration Three municipal waste combustors were operating in Michigan in 2008. The Kent County Waste-to-Energy facility reported 5.10 lbs of mercury for the 2008 operating year based on stack testing (MAERS, 2014). An emission factor for the Jackson County Waste to Energy facility was calculated based on the facility’s 2006 stack testing data (MDEQ, 2014). When applied to hourly operating data from the 2008 MAERS report, this yielded an emission estimate of 6.50 lbs for 2008. Detroit Renewable Power, LLC (formerly Greater Detroit Resource Recovery Facility) reported 248.67 lbs of mercury emissions in its 2008 MAERS submittal. This is based on the use of a controlled USEPA emission factor (for fabric filter or spray dryer). However, the facility conducted stack tests on all three of its municipal solid waste (MSW) combustors in 2005 (Environmental Test Report, Volume 1, 2005) and 2011. Emission factors reported in the facility’s 2011 MAERS submittal were applied by the AQD’s Emissions Reporting & Assessment Unit (ERAU) to the 2008 activity data, along with percent control efficiencies back-calculated from the 2011 reporting, resulting in a 2008 value of 9.41 lbs. The emission factors provided in 2011 by the facility for each of the three boilers assume percent control efficiencies of 98.21, 98.08 and 98.05%, respectively, when compared to the stack test data. Alternatively, an ERAU calculation based on the 2005 stack test data and continuous operation in 2008 estimates that the combustors emitted 14.93 lbs of mercury. An additional ERAU calculation utilized 2009 hourly stack test data and the 2008 operating schedule to estimate 68.33 lbs of mercury emissions. The following municipal waste incinerators were included in the calculations, with a range of 21.01 to 79.93 lbs total mercury emissions for 2008:

Mercury Trends

0

1

2

3

4

1981

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

ppm

27

Table 22.

Facility Name SRN Throughput (tons MSW)

Emission Factor, lb/ton

MAERS Values in

lbs ERAU

CALC. 1 ERAU

CALC. 2 ERAU

CALC. 3 Low

Range Estimates

High Range

Estimates

Jackson County Waste to Energy N1125 49,625.00 3.71E-04

lb/hr 6.50 6.50 6.50

Kent County Waste to Energy N1604 88,125.00 2.4 2.40 2.40

Kent County Waste to Energy N1604 91,634.00 2.7 2.70 2.70

Greater Detroit Resource Recovery

M4148 530,391.00 2.92E-04 248.68 9.41 14.93 68.33 9.41 68.33

TOTAL 759,775.00 253.78 21.01 79.93

Hazardous Waste Incineration One facility operates a hazardous waste incinerator in Michigan, Dow Chemical (A4033). In 2003, Dow began operating a new incinerator, the 32 Incinerator, to replace the existing 830 Building and 703 Building Incinerators. The most recent stack testing was conducted on the 32 Incinerator in 2009. Per Dow's 32 Incinerator HWC MACT Notification of Compliance and Comprehensive Performance Test Report, less than 1.59E-04 lbs of mercury per hour was emitted from this facility under test conditions designed to simulate extreme operating parameters. Based on the operating schedule of 4,368 hours reported to MAERS in 2008, this extrapolates to annual emissions of 0.70 lbs of mercury. Actual emissions were likely less as the performance test simulates adverse rather than routine operating conditions. Pharmacia & Upjohn operated a hazardous waste incinerator, which was included in the MDEQ’s 2002 and 2005 reports of anthropogenic mercury emissions. However, the incinerator was reported as removed on December 31, 2006 (MAERS, 2014). Table 23.

Facility Name SRN Emission Factor (lb/hr)

Lbs Emitted EI Year Comments

Dow Chemical A4033 1.55E-03 0.70 2008 Based on 2009 stack test

Pharmacia & Upjohn B3610 NA NA 2008 B3610 removed incinerator on or prior to 12/31/2006.

TOTALS 0.70

Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incineration Only one dedicated medical waste incineration facility was operating in Michigan in 2008. City Medical Waste (M4139) in Hamtramck was a hospital medical infectious waste incinerator, which stopped operating on July 28, 2008. This was per the date of a court order, which required the company to cease operation of the facility (McLemore, 2010). The ROP was voided on December 15, 2008 (Foy, 2010). Using an emission factor from a 2002 stack test and 2005 throughput data, a maximum estimate of 5.84 lbs was calculated for 2008.

28

Table 24.

SRN Facility Name Throughput (tons)

Emission Factor (lb/ton)

Source of Factor Lbs Emitted

M4139 City Medical Waste 3592.9 1.63E-03 AQD estimate based on 2002 stack test emission factor and 2005 annual throughput

5.8385

TOTALS 5.8385

Human and Animal Cremation (Point Source) Two universities and three animal/veterinary cremation facilities reported the combustion of animal and/or human remains in 2008. If the emission factor from the Takoaka study of crematories is utilized, a total of 8.65E-06 lbs of emissions are estimated from the point source human and animal cremation category. Table 25.


Emission Factor (lb/ton) ERAU Value MAERS

EE Value EI Year Comments

K3249 Michigan State University 578.5 1.38E-08 7.98E-06 4.25E-01 2008

M0239 Wayne State University 17.68 1.38E-08 2.44E-07 1.30E-02 2008

N6494

Union Lake Veterinary Hospital (fka Veterinarian Cremation Service)

27 1.38E-08 3.73E-07 2008 No longer a MAERS source; therefore 2005 throughput is used as a surrogate.

N6543 Monroe County Animal Control 1.4 1.38E-08 1.93E-08 1.03E-03 2008

N7158 TLC Acres (fka Rainbow Bridge) 2.5 1.38E-08 3.45E-08 2008

No longer a MAERS source; therefore 2005 throughput is used as a surrogate.

TOTALS 8.65E-06 4.39E-01 Pathological Waste Incineration Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, LLC (N3519), a medical research and development facility, is estimated to have emitted 0.00815 lbs of mercury in 2008 from the disposal of pathological waste in their pathological waste incinerator. This is based on the use of a WebFIRE emission factor by the MAERS emission estimator. Table 26.


Emission Factor (lb/ton) Source of Factor Lbs Emitted

N3519 Pharmacia & Upjohn 11.1 7.34E-04 MAERS 0.00815

29

INDUSTRIAL SOURCES Cement Manufacturing There are three cement manufacturing facilities in Michigan: Holcim, Lafarge, and St. Marys Cement. Throughput values for all of the facilities were obtained from EI Toolkit. According to MAERS, Holcim estimated their facility’s 2005 emissions of mercury to be 53 lbs, through stack testing. Holcim ceased operating the cement kilns in 2009 and voided the kiln permits in 2010. The facility continues operations only as a cement terminal with bagging operation (Maillard, 2009). Lafarge’s own 2008 estimate of mercury from their cement manufacturing facility was 317.73 lbs, as reported to MAERS. Speciation data was obtained from a 2007 report prepared for the company (Advanced Environmental Management Group, 2007). Table 27.

B1477 (Lafarge) Processes, for 2011 Hg in lbs

Particulate Divalent

Speciation Factor

Gaseous Divalent

Speciation Factor

Elemental Gaseous

Speciation Factor

Hg(p) in lbs RGM in lbs Hg(0) in lbs

Kiln 19 18.93 0.01 0.85 0.14 0.1893 16.0905 2.6502 Kiln 20 29.5 0.01 0.85 0.14 0.295 25.075 4.13 Kiln 21 45.49 0.01 0.85 0.14 0.4549 38.6665 6.3686 Kiln 22 114.76 0.01 0.91 0.08 1.1476 104.4316 9.1808 Kiln 23 107.24 0.01 0.91 0.08 1.0724 97.5884 8.5792

Raw Material Grinding and Drying 1.81 0.17 0.38 0.45 0.3077 0.6878 0.8145

TOTAL 317.73 3.4669 282.5398 31.7233

A facility-reported MAERS value was not available for St. Marys Cement. Accordingly, 2010 stack test data and 2008 hourly operating data was used by the ERAU to estimate emissions of mercury at 3.15 lbs (MDEQ, 2014). For comparison, the 2008 TRI value of 37.93 lbs has also been included in the report. A total of 371.68 lbs of mercury were estimated from cement manufacturing in Michigan in 2008. The following cement manufacturing facilities were included in the inventory: Table 28.

SRN Facility Throughput (tons)

Source for Best Estimate

Lbs Hg Emitted (best

estimate)

2008 TRI data (lbs

Hg) 2008 MAERS

Estimate

B1743 Holcim 824,062 Owner-reported value in MAERS, 2008 50.8 95.62 50.8

B1477 Lafarge 7,346,891 Owner-reported value in MAERS, 2008 317.73 359.04 317.73

B1559 St. Marys Cement 1,047,898 2010 stack test 3.15 37.93 230.58

TOTAL 371.68 492.59 599.11

30

Taconite Processing Michigan has two taconite processing plants, Empire and Tilden, located in the Marquette Range of the Upper Peninsula. Cleveland-Cliffs is the owner of both Tilden and Empire. Tilden processes both hematite and magnetite. A 2002 stack test for Tilden (B4885) found it emitted 71.83 lbs/yr of mercury, based on reported continuous operation of 8,760 hours. More recent stack test data is not available for mercury. Based on the 2002 factor and the 2008 operating schedule for coal-fired pellet production from MAERS (7,512 hours for the Unit 1 kiln and 7,080 hours for the Unit 2 kiln), an estimate of 59.83 lbs was created for 2008. Empire (B1827) only produces taconite from magnetite. Based on an emission factor of 3.54E-06 lb Hg/long ton of coal-fired pellets made (3.161E-06 lb/ton) from Jiang (1999), and the 2008 production value of 3.74 million tons from coal firing, 11.80 lbs of mercury was likely emitted from Empire for 2008. Total mercury emissions from taconite processing amount to 71.63 lbs. Dental Amalgam Manufacturing In 2008, there was one dental amalgam manufacturer in Michigan, Kerr Industries (B2658). Based on the average mercury concentration inside the building and the ventilation rate of the building, one can estimate that less than 4 lbs of mercury are emitted from this facility every year. Lumex RA915+ monitoring inside the building yielded an estimated average mercury concentration of ~500 ng/m3 for the entire building. The building has a volume of 44,309 m3 and has nine air exchanges per hour. Lime Manufacturing Throughput values for facilities with lime kilns were obtained using MAERS and were then multiplied by an emission factor to estimate mercury emissions. The emission factor of 1.2 x 10-4 lbs of mercury per ton of lime produced corresponds to facilities that manufacture lime (Pilgrim, 1998). The emission factor from WebFIRE for lime kilns used by the paper manufacturing industry (2.90 x 10-7 lbs of mercury per ton of lime produced) was used to estimate emissions from Escanaba Paper Company and Verso Paper ─ Quinnesec. Using the WebFIRE and Pilgrim emission factors, and 2008 TRI data, where available, it is estimated that 48.53 pounds of mercury was emitted to the air in 2008 from lime manufacturing kilns. Western Lime Corporation began operations on May 14, 2007, and therefore was not included in earlier mercury inventories. A trial burn with refuse-derived fuel in August 2009 yielded a lb/hr rate of 2.50E-04 lb/hr. When applied to the 2008 operating schedule, this produced an estimate of 1.91 lbs of mercury annually. However, this value has not been included in the table below, since the kiln is typically fired with coal rather than refuse-derived fuel. The Pilgrim factor was used as the basis for an estimate instead. The following lime kilns were included in the calculation:

31

Table 29.

Facility SRN Throughput (tons)

WebFIRE and Pilgrim Emission Factors*

ERAU Estimate of Mercury in

lbs

2008 TRI

Data Best

Estimate

Escanaba Paper Co. A0884 107,278.00 2.90E-07 0.03 29.64 29.64 Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties, LLC. A3900 111,059.00 1.20E-04 13.33 13.33 Carmeuse Lime, Inc., River Rouge Operation B2169 292,475.60 1.20E-04 35.10 1.83 1.83 Verso Paper – Quinnesec B7192 458,810.00 2.90E-07 0.13 0.13 Western Lime Corporation N7362 304,263.00 1.20E-04 36.51 3.6 3.6 TOTAL 1,273,885.60 85.10 35.07 48.53

*1.2E-04 lb/ton from Pilgrim, 1998; 2.9E-07 lb/ton from WebFIRE. Harbison Walker Refractories Company (A3933) was closed and demolished in 2007. Occidental Chemical Corporation, formerly known as The Dow Chemical Company, Calcium Chloride Products (B1846), reported zero activity in 2008 for its calcium chloride production line. Phosphate Mills Michigan does not have any phosphate mills. Based on a query of the SCC involving phosphates, superphosphates, and ammonium phosphates, the only facility in MAERS associated with the use of phosphates is B1989, Agrium Advanced Technologies (U.S.), Inc. (MDEQ, 2014). This facility’s NAICS code of 325314 indicates “Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing.” Brick Manufacturing Hanson Brick (A6497) in Corunna, MI emitted 0.35 lbs from its two gas-fired kilns in 2008, based on the facility-reported throughput and the application of a standard USEPA emission factor by the MAERS emission estimator. Table 30.

Facility SRN Throughput (tons) Emission Factor Lbs Emitted Year

Hanson Brick A6497 0 7.50E-06 0 2008

Hanson Brick A6497 47025 7.50E-06 0.35269 2008

TOTAL 0.35269 2008

32

Coke Production Michigan has one coke battery, EES Coke Battery, LLC (P0408). This facility was formerly part of US Steel (A7809) on Zug Island, River Rouge, until it was permitted as a separate stationary source (P0408). In a permit application submitted in June 2014, EES Coke estimated a maximum emission rate for mercury of 0.006 lb/hr. Accordingly, a maximum annual estimate of 52.56 lbs has been estimated by the AQD. In discussions with EGLE concerning a pending application, staff from EES Coke now estimates mercury emissions to be 50 to 100 lbs annually (MDEQ, 2014). Once the application has been received, EGLE will have the opportunity to review the estimation basis. The estimate of 50 to 100 lbs will be used as a placeholder until that time. Medical Waste Autoclave There were two medical waste autoclaves operating in Michigan in 2008. One was Michigan Waste Services (M4139) in Grand Blanc. This facility, which utilized a medical waste incinerator as well as the autoclave, is no longer operating. This source ceased operations on July 28, 2008, per the date of a court order, which required the company to cease operation of the facility (McLemore, 2010). The other medical waste autoclave was Agility (N7568), in Kentwood. This facility was later known as Stericycle, Inc. This source started operation on October 7, 2004, and closed in 2010 (Charley, 2010). Estimates of mercury emissions for these facilities are not available. PRODUCTION OF METALS Primary Metal production refers to metal created from ore, whereas secondary metal production refers to the production of alloys from ingots and to the recovery of metal from scrap and salvage (USEPA, 1986). Metal production that uses scrap is of more concern for mercury emissions because of the wide application of mercury-containing convenience light switches and antilock brake switches used in vehicles until 2003. BOFs in Primary Metal Production (Steel Manufacturing) Basic Oxygen Furnaces (BOFs) are used to make steel from molten metal and scrap. The input material is typically 70% molten pig iron and 30% scrap (Grinstern, 2010). The input material is refined by injecting high-purity oxygen into the furnace; the oxygen reacts with carbon and other impurities in the metal to remove them from the metal. Basic oxygen process steelmaking is executed in large, refractory-lined, pear-shaped furnaces (USEPA,1986). There are two facilities in Michigan that make steel using the basic oxygen process, Severstal (formerly Rouge Steel) (A8640) and US Steel (A7809). For 2008 operations, Severstal reported 64 lbs of mercury emissions to USEPA’s TRI (MDEQ, 2014). TRI data from 2008 indicates that US Steel emitted 3 lbs of mercury in that year. In total, it is estimated that facilities engaged in steelmaking via the Blast/BOF process emitted 67 lbs of mercury to the atmosphere in 2008.

33

Table 31.

Facility SRN 2008 TRI

Emissions in lbs

EI Year Comments

Severstal (formerly Rouge Steel) A8640 64.00 2008 2008 TRI

US Steel A7809 3.00 2008 2008 TRI

TOTAL 67.00

EAFs in Primary Metal Production (Steel Manufacturing) Electric arc furnaces are the most common type of furnace used for the electric production of steel. EAFs are capable of melting small amounts of iron scrap, pig iron, and direct reduced iron, but primarily melt scrap (Energy International, 2005). According to the AP-42 Compilation of Emission Factors, approximately 57% of total steel produced in the United States comes from EAFs in operations called minimills (USEPA, 2010). Minimills use 100% scrap charge (Metals Advisor). Gerdau MacSteel Jackson (B4306) in Jackson, MI conducted stack testing in December 2006. Based on the stack test emission factor of 1.70E-02 lb/hr and the 2008 operating schedule of 5,784 hours reported to MAERS, 98.33 lbs are estimated for this facility. For Gerdau MacSteel Monroe (B7061), 2011 stack test data was available from their MAERS reporting. The stack test emission factor of 1.60E-02 lb/hr was applied to 2008 activity data by EGLE to create an estimate of mercury emissions. EGLE also added a value of 0.02 lbs for emissions of particle bound mercury from the baghouse, based on baghouse dust analysis performed by the facility in 2005. Accordingly, a total estimate of 106.39 lbs of mercury was estimated for MacSteel Monroe in 2008. These emissions are comprised of elemental and gaseous reactive mercury. Ervin Amasteel (B1754) conducted stack testing in 2008 on their EAF baghouse exhaust. The emission rate of 7.86E-07 gr/dscf was used by the ERAU to estimate annual emissions of 15.93 lbs of mercury from the facility. Table 32.

EI Year SRN Facility Name SCC_AMS_CD

Throughput (tons steel)

Emission Factor hrs/yr Estimated

Emissions

2008 B7061 Gerdau MacSteel, Monroe 30300908 523403 1.60E-02 lb/hr 6648 106.39

2008 B4306 Gerdau Special Steel North America, Jackson Mill 30300904 294214.9 1.70E-02 lb/hr 5784 98.33

2008 B1754 Ervin Amasteel Division 30400701 87555 7.86E-07 gr/dscf

15.93

TOTALS 220.65

EAFs and EIFs in Secondary Metal Production (Steel Foundries) EAFs and EIFs are used by the steel industry to melt and formulate steel. EAFs are large, welded steel, cylindrical vessels with removable roofs through which three retractable carbon electrodes are lowered; metal charge is melted by the resistive heating generated from electrical current flowing among the electrodes and through the charge. EAFs are used to produce carbon and alloy steels. The input material to an EAF is typically 100% scrap (USEPA, 1986).

34

EIFs are cylindrical or cup-shaped vessels that are surrounded by electrical coils. The coils are energized with an alternating current to produce a fluctuating magnetic field that heats the metal charge (USEPA, 1986).

Throughput information for secondary metal production (steel foundries) was obtained using the EI toolkit. An emission factor from “Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury” (Ecology Center & Great Lakes United, 2001) was then applied since WebFIRE was lacking an emission factor for this category. EAFs and EIFs engaged in secondary metal production (Steel Foundries) emitted approximately 61.12 lbs of mercury in 2008. The following EAFs and EIFs in steel foundries were included in the calculation. Table 33.

EI Year SRN Facility Name Throughput (tons)

Emission Factor

(lb/ton)*

ERAU Mercury Estimate

2008 B1929 Michigan Steel, Inc. 10114.1 6.90E-04 6.98 2008 B1991 GM Powertrain Group ─ Saginaw Metal Casting 0 6.90E-04 0.00 2008 B2178 Cadillac Casting, Inc. 110572 3.90E-05 4.31 2008 B7013 Huron Casting, Inc. & Blue Diamond Steel Casting 49513 6.90E-04 34.16 2008 B7357 Temperform Corp. 1879 6.90E-04 1.30 2008 B7870 Eagle Alloy, Inc. 20041.19 6.90E-04 13.83 2008 N7276 Ancast, Inc. 783 6.90E-04 0.54

TOTALS 61.12 * Factor for B2178 based on facility stack testing. Cannon Muskegon Corp. (A4315) was not included for mercury estimates since they do not melt any automotive or common white goods scrap. They only use high quality/purity metals due to the products they produce; therefore, any mercury emitted would have to come from the metal itself as opposed to contamination from mercury switches (Grinstern, 2010). Table 34. Supporting Data from Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury (Ecology Center & Great Lakes United, 2001)

Table 16: Mercury Emission Factors for EAFs (1997-2000 test data)

Company State Productiona Capacity

Short Tons/year

Estimated Hg

Emissions Low Lbs/yr

Estimated Hg

Emissions High Lbs/yr

Average Estimated

Hg Emissions

Lbs/yr

Average Emission Factor

Lbs Hg/ton Kg Hg/metric ton Marion Steel OH 365,000 371 572 514 0.0014 0.0007 Co-Steel Sayreville

NJ 750,000 24 4730 597 0.00080 0.00040

North Star Steel MN 465,000b 136 136 136 0.00029 0.00011 Co-Steel Raritan

NJ 800,000 129 323 224 0.00028 0.00014

Overall average emission factor 0.00069 0.00035 Note: Except for NSS, estimated mercury emissions are based on actual stack-test data for pounds of mercury emitted per hour times the allowable operating hours per year. NSS mercury emissions are based on actual stack-test data times the annual hours the EAF is under power. a Except for NSS, production capacity data from Iron & Steel Maker, EAF Roundup, May 2000. b Based on estimated 1998 production instead of capacity.

35

Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) Grey iron is a type of cast iron with 3.5% carbon and is used in industry. Much of the carbon in this type of cast iron separates out as graphite giving grey iron its grey appearance (Dictionary.com). This broad grouping includes the following two categories, cupolas in secondary metal production (grey iron) and EAFs/EIFs in secondary metal production (grey iron). Cupolas in Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) The cupola is a type of furnace used in the iron foundry industry. It uses coke as a fuel and is typically composed of a cylindrical steel shell with a refractory-lined or water-cooled inner wall (USEPA, 1986). For Grede, LLC (B1577) and Metavation Vassar, LLC (B2043), recent stack test data was available and deemed applicable for 2008 calculations due to lack of process equipment changes preceding or following the years in which the testing occurred. Accordingly, ERAU staff created mercury estimates for these sources using the emission rates in lbs per ton. Emission rates in lbs per hour were also utilized, where available. The resulting values were several times lower than the MAERS default estimates and those based on the New Jersey or WebFIRE emission factors. Stack testing data from other cupolas engaged in secondary metal production of grey iron was not available. Throughput data was gathered using the EI Toolkit. This throughput data was then multiplied by an emission factor. For facilities where control information was unknown, the uncontrolled emission factor from WebFIRE was utilized. The emission factor from WebFIRE is based on compliance testing for one baghouse from December 1990. Where knowledge was available on control information, a controlled factor from WebFIRE was selected. The “New Jersey” emission factor was generated based on stack tests from three facilities between 1993 and 1999 (Ecology Center & Great Lakes United, 2001). When using the stack test-based emission estimates, and the WebFIRE and New Jersey factors for facilities where stack testing was not available, between 65.45 and 87.82 lbs of mercury was emitted from cupolas in 2008. The following cupolas engaged in the production of grey iron were included in the inventory:

36

Table 35.

SRN Facility Name EE Value

from MAERS

WebFIRE Factor lb/ton1

New Jersey Factor lb/ton2

Facility Stack Emission

Rates lb/hr3

Facility Stack

Emission Rates

lb/ton3

Lbs Hg Emitted per

WebFIRE Factor, Stack Test Results

Lbs Hg Emitted per NJ Factor, Stack Test

Results

A0767 East Jordan Iron Works, dba EJUSA, Inc. 45.66 1.59E-04 2.50E-04 20.86 32.80

A3934 Great Lakes Castings, LLC 14.48 3.48E-04 2.50E-04 14.48 10.40 B1577 Grede, LLC, Iron Mountain 25.50 1.59E-04 2.50E-04 2.70E-05 1.98 1.98 B1909 CWC Textron 17.00 1.59E-04 2.50E-04 7.77 12.21 B19614 Barber Steel Foundry Corporation 9.65 LUMEX LUMEX 2.00 2.00

B1991 GM Powertrain Group ─ Saginaw Metal Casting 0.00 3.48E-04 2.50E-04 0.00 0.00

B20435 Metavation Vassar, LLC 8.24 3.48E-04 2.50E-04 3.70E-04 3.30E-05 0.78 0.78 B2178 Cadillac Casting, Inc. 38.48 1.59E-04 2.50E-04 17.58 27.64 TOTALS 159.02 65.45 87.82

1 1.59E-04 lb/ton is a controlled factor from WebFIRE reflecting application of a baghouse; 3.48e-04 lb/ton is an uncontrolled factor from WebFIRE. 2 The “New Jersey” emission factor was generated based on stack tests from three facilities between 1993 and 1999 (Ecology Center and Great Lakes United, 2001). 3 For CWC Textron (B1909), mercury emissions were beneath the Method Detection Limit (MDL) during stack testing of 6/20/2010; therefore, the MDL is used to approximate a worst case scenario. For Grede/Metavation Vassar (B2043), stack testing on 7/24/2013 was used to estimate per ton and per hour emission rates. For Grede LLC/Iron Mountain (B1577), stack testing on 5/8/2012 was used to estimate a per ton emission rate. 4By 2010, B1961 (Barber Steel Foundry Corporation) was bankrupt. It did not operate in 2011. As of 2013, the facility had begun operations again. 5B2043, now known as Metavation Vassar, LLC, ceased operations in November 2013 and entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy in January 2014. Table 36. Supporting Data from Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury (Ecology Center & Great Lakes United, 2001)

Table 20: Mercury Emissions from New Jersey Foundries

Facility Permitted Production

Capacity (short

tons/yr)

Mercury Permit Limit

(lbs/yr)

Stack Test Date

Mercury Emissions

(lbs/yr)

Average Mercury Emission Factor

(lbs/short ton) (kg/metric ton) Atlantic States Iron Pipe Co.

234,000 137 Nov. 1993 40 0.00032 0.000016

Nov. 1999 108 Griffin Pipe Products

182,000 312 Sept. 1997 10 0.000055 0.000027

U.S. Pipe and Foundry, Inc.

262,964 80 Sept. 1997 96 0.00037 0.00018

Average Emission Factor 0.00025 0.00012 Source: Agrawal, Sunila, NJ DEP, October 30, 2000.

37

EAFs and EIFs in Secondary Metal Production (Grey Iron) An EAF is large, welded steel, cylindrical vessel with a removable roof through which three retractable carbon electrodes are lowered and energized, creating arcs that melt metallic charge with their heat. EIFs are cylindrical or cup-shaped vessels that are surrounded by electrical coils, which are energized to produce an electromagnetic field that heats the metal charge (USEPA, 1986). Stack test data was not available for EAFs and EIFs involved in the secondary metal production of grey iron. Throughput information was obtained from the EI Toolkit. The emission factor was obtained from the Indiana Department of Environmental Management’s “Summary of Mercury Emissions from Non-Electric Generating Units (IDEM, 2004).” This emission factor was then compared to the emission factors corresponding to grey iron production from WebFIRE to generate a range (USEPA, 2009). The following EAFs and EIFs engaged in the production of grey iron in 2008 were included in the calculations: Table 37.

EI Year SRN Facility Name Throughput(tons)

Emission Factor from

WebFIRE

Emission Factor from

IDEM

Stack Test Emission

Rate in lb/hr

Lbs Hg Emitted per

WebFIRE, and Stack Test-

based Estimates for

B1716 and N5814

Lbs Hg Emitted per IDEM, and Stack Test-

based Estimates for

B1716 and N5815

2008 A0095 ATI Casting Service, LLC 0.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.00 0.00

2008 A0171 Hastings Manufacturing Co., LLC 1,391.01 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.10 0.38

2008 B1661 Pioneer Foundry Co., Inc. 1,473.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.11 0.40

2008 B1709 Federal-Mogul Powertrain Systems 18,489.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 1.33 4.99

2008 B1716 Betz Industries, Inc. 30,164.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 < 4.969E-05 0.11 0.11 2008 B1737 Kent Foundry Co. 5,045.60 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.36 1.36

2008 B2015 Metal Technologies, Inc. Three Rivers Gray Iron 128,815.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 9.27 34.78

2008 B4538 Blackmer 3,266.66 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.24 0.88 2008 M4387 Process Prototype, Inc. 169.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 0.01 0.05

2008 N5814 Asama Coldwater Manufacturing, Inc. 72,304.00 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 6.11E-06 0.07 0.07

2008 N5866 Metal Technologies, Inc., Ravenna Ductile Iron 83,886.10 7.20E-05 2.70E-04 6.04 22.65

TOTALS 17.64 65.66

A6177, Eaton Corp. did not operate its three EAFS in 2005 and has since closed. B1547, Hayes Albion Corp. closed in 2002. B1786, Schwarb Foundry closed in 2003. EAFs and EIFs engaged in the production of grey iron produced between 24.84 and 93.15 lbs of mercury emissions in 2008.

38

Auto Switches ─ Shredding of Autos (Point Source) Mercury emissions from the shredding of automobiles have a point source component (from permitted facilities) as well as an area source component from unpermitted facilities. Table 38.

Category 2008 Mercury Emissions in lbs

Point source auto shredding 16.54

Area source auto shredding 62.82

Area source auto fluff 15.87

Statewide totals: auto shredding 95.23

Using Michigan data about scrapped vehicles, an estimated total of 34.51 kg or 79.36 lbs of mercury was emitted statewide to the atmosphere from shredding. It is estimated that 16.54 lbs was emitted by point sources, per the table below. Estimates are based on stack test data and Lumex monitoring. The methodology for estimating the area source component of auto shredding emissions (62.82 lbs) and auto fluff (15.87 lbs) will be presented in the area source section. Table 39.

Company SRN Emission Control Equipment Emissions (lbs/yr) Source

Louis Padnos Iron & Metal Co., 2001 Turner Avenue NW, Grand Rapids

A2457 Shredder has "water only" spray in the hammer mill. 11.44 2008 stack test

SLC Recycling, Inc. (Ferrous Processing & Trading) A4750 Baghouse 0.4 2001 stack test

Fritz Enterprises, 23550 Pennsylvania Road, Taylor B3240 Water spray and cyclone on

shredder. 1 2003 Lumex Monitoring (assuming 8 hr workday, 365 d/yr)

Huron Valley Steel Corp. 41000 Huron River Drive, Belleville

B6178 Two cyclones NA No stack test, TRI, permit or MAERS data available for mercury emissions

Rifkin Scrap Iron & Metal 1445 N. Niagara Street, Saginaw N0844

Shredder enclosed by a metal hood and ducted to a cyclone followed by a wet venturi scrubber.

2.7 2004 stack test at baghouse (assuming operating 24 hr/d, 365 d/yr)

E. Kingsford Iron and Metal 100 Superior Avenue, Kingsford N3753 NA NA

No stack test, TRI, permit or MAERS data available for mercury emissions

Strong Steel Products 6464 Strong Street, Detroit N6293 Shredder has water added to

control emissions. 1 2005 Lumex Monitoring (5008 max. operating hrs)

TOTALS 16.54

39

Relay Manufacturers MDI (Mercury Displacement Industry, SRN N5886) operates in Edwardsburg, MI. According to the facility’s TRI report, it emitted 118.40 lbs of mercury in 2008. According to the 2005 NATA, the mercury emissions are elemental mercury. AREA SOURCES MERCURY IN PRODUCTS Incineration of wastes contaminated with mercury-containing products have been known for some time to release mercury to the air, but other pathways for atmospheric mercury emissions from products have received little attention. Emissions from products in this inventory were calculated using the flow model approach. The flow pathway technique was pioneered by the Swedish Nation Chemicals Inspectorate (KEMI), which estimated releases from batteries, fluorescent lamps and sewage sludge. Barr Engineering Company (Barr) and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) used the KEMI approach to estimate the quantity of mercury releases from products in Minnesota. The Minnesota study expanded the KEMI technique to include additional release pathways and additional products. The Minnesota study looked at releases to air, water, and land. The flow model developed during the Minnesota study has since been used to estimate emissions in studies conducted by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and USEPA Region 5 with assistance from Barr (WDNR, 2006). The estimates for emissions from products in this inventory used the most recent model that was updated by USEPA Region 5. Michigan specific data was incorporated into the model when possible. Since the purpose of this inventory is to quantify air emissions, releases to land and water were not included. The methodology used for each specific product is described below. Dental Amalgam Substituting Michigan data for national data in the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram, emissions from dental amalgam were calculated. Emissions in this category can be further subdivided into four categories: emissions from the dental office, emissions from the consumer “in use,” emissions from recycling, and emissions from dental amalgam in the solid waste stream. Emissions from dental offices are based on the Interstate Mercury Education and Reduction Clearinghouse (IMERC) Fact Sheet: Mercury Use in Dental Amalgam. According to the January 2014 version of the fact sheet, there were 39,913 total lbs of mercury sold nationally in dental amalgam in 2007. The 2008 calculation assumes that 2008 sales were identical to 2007. Michigan’s proportion of the national sales was determined by population (3.3% of the national value). Furthermore, it was assumed that all amalgam sold within the year was placed. Accordingly, 1317.13 lbs was assumed for placement of dental amalgam in Michigan in 2008. This corresponds to 40.91 kg (90.19 lbs) of mercury emissions, assuming that 7% of mercury in an amalgam volatilizes to the air during placement of amalgam. Additionally, it was estimated that 332.58 kg of mercury returned to the dental office in the form of mercury amalgam that was replaced with new amalgam. Seven percent of the replaced amalgam or 22.77 kg (50.20 lbs) of mercury was emitted from dental offices in the form of air emissions. This source of emissions was inadvertently omitted from the AQD’s 2002 and 2005 mercury reports.

40

Consumer “in use” emissions were estimated to be 8.65 kg (19.07 lbs). This estimate was based on the assumption that 76% of the mercury input to dental offices goes to the consumer. A release factor of 0.02% was used to estimate the amount of mercury that would be exhaled to the air. Mercury from storage, transit and transfer en route to MSW landfills was estimated at 0.17 kg (0.37 lbs). Mercury from disposal as municipal solid waste was estimated at 1.02 kg (2.25 lbs). From mass burn and refuse derived fuel (RDF), 3.86 kg was estimated by the USEPA model, but since this category is already accounted for in the point source inventory, the estimate was not included in the Michigan 2008 mercury inventory. Mercury in the amount of 162.08 lbs was estimated for the category of dental amalgam in 2008, for all subsets of this category including placement of dental amalgam, consumer “in use” emissions and the solid waste stream. Table 40.

Dental Amalgam

Year kg lb Subset

2008 22.77 50.20 Emissions from replacement (removal) of dental amalgam

2008 40.91 90.19 Emissions from placement of dental amalgam 2008 8.65 19.07 Consumer "in use" emissions

2008 0.17 0.37 Storage, transit and transfer (MSW)

2008 1.02 2.25 Landfills

2008 NA NA Recycling

2008 NA NA Mass burning and RDF

2008 NA NA Burn barrels

TOTALS 162.08

Assignment in Table 1

TABLE 1 159.46 MERCURY-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

TABLE 1 2.62 All other values (storage, transfer and transit) are included under subsets of Waste Disposal category

Fluorescent and Non-fluorescent Lamps Substituting Michigan data for national data in the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram, an emissions estimate for fluorescent and non-fluorescent lamp breakage was calculated. Mercury in the amount of 10.65 tons was present in lamp sales in 2007 based on data from IMERC. This represents a 22% decline since 2001. The IMERC data was presented for lamp manufacturing as a whole and did not apportion the number into values for fluorescent and non-fluorescent lighting. Accordingly, the two categories were grouped together for the 2008 mercury report. For the estimation of Michigan’s 2008 emissions, it was assumed that 2008 lamp sales in the United States were the same as in 2007. Using Michigan and national population data for 2008, it was assumed that Michigan received a proportionate percentage of these lamps (3.3% or 39,838,791 lamps). This number was increased to account for an additional 0.5% broken at retail locations (for 40,037,985 lamps), and an additional 5% broken prior to delivery to retail locations (production total of 42,039,884 lamps). The quantity of lamps in retail and the quantity of lamps purchased by consumers were then multiplied by release factors to estimate the amount of mercury emitted when a fraction of these lamps were broken. The release factor for breakage during retail was 0.002%,

41

and the release factor for consumer breakage was 0.01%. It was assumed that each lamp manufactured in 2008 contained 0.008 g of mercury (National Electrical Manufacturers Association [NEMA], 2000). This method yielded an emissions estimate of 0.64 kg (1.41 lbs) of mercury emitted from lamp breakage by retailers and 3.19 kg (7.03 lbs) of mercury emitted by lamp breakage from consumers, plus an additional 0.08 kg (0.18 lbs) of mercury from lamps broken at production facilities, for a total of 3.91 kg (8.62 lbs) directly from lamp breakage. The USEPA Flow Diagram was also used to estimate emissions from the disposal of lamps in the MSW stream. Of the total number of disposed fluorescent lamps (364 kg/yr) in Michigan, based on the estimate of lamps being discarded in 2008, 78% (283.92 kg) likely ended up in the solid waste stream. Assuming 10% of the mercury in each lamp was released while in transit, 28.39 kg (62.59 lbs) of mercury emissions would be attributable to the collection and processing of lamp-containing MSW. Assuming 84% of lamps in MSW end up in landfills, and 1% of the mercury is released, 2.01 kg (4.43 lbs) of mercury emissions can be attributed to landfill emissions from disposed fluorescent lamps. Another 3.87 kg (8.53 lbs) of emissions were likely due to the 2% of lamps in MSW that are burned in burn barrels, assuming a 90% release factor. Emissions of 16.80 kg (37.04 lbs) were estimated from lamps incinerated in mass burn/RDF combustion. However, Michigan’s 2008 mercury inventory already accounts for solid waste incineration under point sources, so the 37.04 lbs of area source mercury emissions estimated by the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram for mass burn/RDF has been omitted from the Michigan 2008 inventory. Using the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram, and assuming that Michigan recycles lamps at the same rate as the national average of 22%, about 4.8 million lamps should have been recycled in Michigan in 2008 (U.S. Census Bureau). Approximately 0.80 kilogram (1.76 lbs) of mercury was likely released during the transport of lamps to recycling facilities based on a 1% release factor. It can be estimated that the four companies in Michigan with fluorescent lamp recyclers emit 3.5 lbs of mercury per year, assuming that they are emitting the maximum amount allowed by their permit conditions. These six facilities are not required to report to the Michigan Air Emissions Reporting System. Therefore, it was not known how many hours they operated or, in the cases of portable sources, where they operated and emitted in 2008. Table 41.

Facility SRN Portable or Stationary Permit Limit Max. Hg Emitted (lbs)

Valley City N5941, N5942, N5614 All portable 0.004 g/hr for each portable lamp recycler 0.231

Greenlites (Cleanlites) N5948 Stationary 0.08 g/hr 1.5

Reliable Relamping N6821 Permitted as both portable and stationary 0.01 g/hr 0.19

Greenlite Lamp Recycling N5549 Stationary 0.08 g/hr 1.55

Total 3.5

42

Therefore, fluorescent lamp breakage and recycling and the solid waste stream are estimated to have released 40.56 kg (89.43) pounds of mercury to the atmosphere in 2008. Table 42.

Fluorescent and Non-fluorescent Lamps

Year kg lb Subset

2008 0.08 0.18 Production breakage

2008 0.64 1.41 Retail breakage

2008 3.19 7.03 Consumer breakage

2008 28.39 62.59 Storage, transit and transfer (MSW) 2008 0.80 1.76 Storage, transit and transfer (recycling)

2008 2.01 4.43 Landfills

2008 1.59 3.50 Recycling


2008 3.87 8.53 Burn barrels

TOTALS 89.43

Assignment in TABLE 1

TABLE 1 8.62 MERCURY CONTAINING PRODUCTS

TABLE 1 80.81 All other values (storage, transfer, transit and recycling) are included under subsets of Waste Disposal category

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Drum-top Crushers As of 2008, two permits were issued by EGLE for drum-top crushers (DTCs). One permit was approved in November 2006 and voided less than one month later. Accordingly, there was only one permitted DTC operating in 2008 for greater than a single month. The information available for these sources is summarized below. Based on the maximum allowed number of lamps to be crushed each year (5,000 per facility with 90% control for carbon filters, per Joy Taylor Morgan, EGLE), the amount emitted from this category in 2008 can be estimated at a minimum of 0.01 lbs and a maximum of 0.03 lbs. Table 43.

Applicant SRN Site City Permit No. Received Approved Voided

Rolled into Renewable Operating

Permit

Shaheen Chevrolet, Inc. N7614 Lansing 138-06 4/11/2006 7/13/2006

Blue Star, Inc. N7728 Dearborn 351-06 11/17/2006 11/17/2006 12/11/2006 Adrian College E8510 Adrian 23-10 12/11/2009 2/3/2010 McPhee Electric P0063 Potterville 40-10 2/4/2010 3/8/2010

Marquette County Waste N5245 Marquette 117-10 4/19/2010 7/19/2010

Auto Alliance International N0929 Flat Rock 112-10 5/26/2010 6/9/2010 5/19/2011 X

Hybra Recycling, LLC P0231 Traverse City 49-11 3/29/2011 5/4/2011

Sebewaing Light & Power P0500 Sebewaing 16-14 2/11/2014

Auto Switches ─ Shredding of Autos (Area Source) Area source mercury emissions from the shredding of automobiles were calculated by substituting Michigan data for national data in the USEPA Flow Diagram. Using Michigan data about scrapped vehicles, an estimated 36.00 kg or 79.36 lbs of mercury was emitted to the atmosphere from shredding, in total. It was estimated that 246.39 kg (543.21 lbs) of mercury was present in switches in end-of-life vehicles in Michigan in 2008, based on the estimated number of vehicles scrapped in Michigan (5.62% or 456,287 vehicles) and assuming an average of 0.54 switches per vehicle with an average of 1 gram of mercury per switch. Ninety-nine percent of these vehicles were assumed to be sent to scrap yards/dismantlers, with the remaining 1% being disposed of in some other manner, based on a 2006 report (End-of-Life-Vehicle Solutions, 2006), which estimated that 100.96 lbs of mercury was recovered from end of life vehicles. A similar amount (18.69% or 100.51 lbs of the 2008 end-of-life vehicles sent to scrap yards) was estimated to have been recovered during 2008, because Michigan’s mercury switch recovery program has been in place since 2004 (MDEQ, 2010). Sixty-six percent of the vehicles sent to scrap yards/dismantlers were assumed to be shredded. Per the USEPA Flow Diagram, it was estimated that 22% or 28.80 kg (63.49 lbs) of mercury in these vehicles will be released during the shredding process. This release factor is based on the North Star Steel Mercury Mass Balance Report, prepared by Barr in 1999. Another 7.20 kg (15.87 lbs) of mercury should be released from auto fluff, assuming a 25% release factor per the Barr report.

44

This results in a total of 43.20 kg or 95.23 lbs from the auto shredding sector. Following the deduction of 16.54 lbs of mercury estimated for the point source component of auto shredding, the area source component is estimated to be 78.69 lbs in 2008. Table 44.

Auto Switches

Year kg lb Subset

2008 36.00 79.36 Shredding

2008 7.20 15.87 Auto fluff

2008 NA NA Storage, transit and transfer (MSW) 2008 NA NA Storage, transit and transfer (recycling)

2008 NA NA Landfills




TOTALS 95.23 Area source and point source totals

16.54 Point source total 78.69 Area source total



TABLE 1 16.54 Point source deduction

Switches and Relays Using national data in the USEPA Flow Diagram, emissions from switches and relays were estimated as a portion of national emissions. Michigan accounted for 3.3% of the United States population in 2008, so national values were scaled down to reflect Michigan’s portion of the national population. Approximately 0.86 kg (1.90 lbs) of mercury was emitted from retail use of switches and relays, assuming 0.1% of mercury in switches and relays is released during retail in 2008. The 2007 value was adjusted for an annual 4% decline by 2008. The quantity of mercury sold annually in switches and relays nationally was based on the 2007 figure from the IMERC Fact Sheet: Mercury Use in Switches & Relays. A 0.05% release factor was used for consumer breakage of switches and relays. It is estimated that 29.89 kg (65.90 lbs) of mercury was emitted from consumer breakage in 2008, for a total of 67.80 lbs of mercury emissions from the consumer and retail category. Mercury in the amount of 6.89 kg (15.19 lbs) was likely released during the storage, transit, and transfer of MSW, assuming a 1.5% release factor. Approximately 40% of the mercury in discarded switches and relays is sent on for recycling; 9.19 kg (20.26 lbs) of mercury was released in 2008 during the storage and transfer of switches and relays bound for recycling. Mercury in the amount of 35.45 lbs total was released from storage, transfer and transit of MSW, or of material on the way to recycling. The switches and relays in MSW that reach landfills contributed 3.19 kg (7.03 lbs) of mercury emissions assuming that 1% of the mercury is released. An additional 0.67 kg (1.48 lbs) was estimated due to air releases from switches ending up in compost.

http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/switches_relays_2014.pdf

http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/switches_relays_2014.pdf

45

Another 9.01 kg (19.86 lbs) of mercury was likely released due to recycling switches and relays, assuming a 1% release factor and will be added to the 67.80 lbs from consumer and retail losses. The mercury model projected that 44.92 kg more would be lost due to mass burning and RDF combustion, but this was not included in the switch and relay area source estimate as the incineration category has already been accounted for under point sources. Three percent of switches and relays in MSW were likely burned in burn barrels, releasing 90% of the mercury contained in them, or 13.78 kg (30.38 lbs). In total, 160.52 lbs of mercury was likely released from activities associated with mercury-containing switches and relays in 2008. This includes the solid waste stream. Table 45.

Switches and Relays

Year kg lb Subset




2008 9.19 20.26 Storage, transit and transfer (recycling)

2008 3.19 7.03 Landfills

2008 NA NA Compost

2008 9.01 19.86 Recycling


2008 13.78 30.38 Burn barrels

TOTALS 72.81 160.52



TABLE 1 92.72 All other values (storage, transfer, transit and recycling) are included under subsets of the Waste Disposal category

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Thermostats Emissions from thermostats were estimated by substituting Michigan data for national data in the USEPA Flow Diagram. Emissions were estimated from production, retail, and consumers. The IMERC Fact Sheet: Mercury Use in Thermostats provided an estimate of total mercury sold in electro-mechanical thermostats in the United States. The fact sheet indicated that 7,485 lbs of mercury was sold in thermostats in 2007. This represents a 74% decline in mercury use in thermostats since 2001. According to Clean Water Action, this decline was in large part due to state laws that banned the sale of thermostats containing mercury (Clean Water Action, 2010). Assuming that mercury use in 2008 thermostats sold is equal to 2007 levels, and using Michigan’s 2008 population data to apportion the United States total sales to Michigan, 31,516 thermostats containing mercury were estimated to be sold in Michigan in 2008. This includes sales for new construction and sales for the replacement of older units. The estimate assumes that Michigan received an even percentage of the national number of thermostats produced, and that thermostats contain an average of 3.67 g Hg/unit. It was assumed that 0.2% of the mercury in new electro-mechanical thermostats was emitted during production, resulting in 0.23 kg (0.51 lbs) of mercury emissions. Another 0.2% of the mercury in thermostats was emitted from breakage during retail. This likely contributed 0.23 kg (0.51 lbs) of mercury emissions in 2008. Based on state and national population data, and national estimates for the number of thermostats replaced, an estimated 115,500 mercury-containing thermostats were replaced (discarded by consumers) in Michigan in 2008. This estimate assumes that Michigan accounted for an even percentage of the national number of thermostats replaced, that thermostats contain an average of 3.67 g Hg/unit, and that 70% of the thermostats removed contained mercury (an increasing share of replaced thermostats is expected to be non-mercury, based on the gradual increase since the 1990s in the sale of non-mercury thermostats). An estimated 4.15 kg (9.15 lbs) of mercury was emitted from consumer breakage of the discarded thermostats. During consumer use, 1% percent of the mercury in thermostats was expected to have volatilized due to breakage. The total emission estimate from retail and consumer breakage is 10.17 lbs. Based on the estimated 115,000 mercury-containing thermostats discarded by consumers in 2008, 8.94 kg was contained in the 2% of thermostats that were recycled. Per the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram, 0.18 kg or 0.40 lbs of mercury was estimated to be emitted during storage, transit and transfer en route to recycling. It is estimated that 0.09 kg (0.20 lbs) of mercury was emitted during recycling. Approximately 372.55 kg of mercury from thermostats entered the solid waste stream. During the storage, transit and transfer of MSW, thermostats contributed 5.59 kg (12.32 lbs) of emissions. Three percent of thermostats in MSW were likely burned in burn barrels emitting 90% or 11.12 kg (24.52 lbs) of the mercury they contained, and 2.58 kg (5.69 lbs) of mercury was likely released due to the 75% of the thermostats in the MSW stream that were landfilled, assuming 1% of the mercury would volatilize. An additional 42 kg of mercury is present in 10% of thermostats that ended up under demolition debris disposal. Mercury in the amount of 0.42 kg (0.93 lbs) was emitted during the storage, transit, and transfer to demolition debris landfills. An additional 0.79 kg (1.74 lbs) of mercury was emitted after disposal in demolition debris landfills.

47

There are also wastewater treatment and sludge disposal emission components for thermostats that enter the MSW stream. Mercury emissions of 0.57 kg (1.26 lbs) was estimated from wastewater treatment. Another 0.29 kg (0.64 lbs) were estimated from land application air emissions, but this category has been estimated as a separate area source. Mercury in the amount of 0.57 kg, estimated by the USEPA Mercury Flow Diagram for WWTP incineration, was not included since this category is addressed under point sources. Mercury in the amount of 160.52 lbs was likely emitted from the category of switches and relays, of which 67.80 lbs is estimated for retail and consumer breakage. Table 46.

Thermostats

Year kg lb Subset

2008 0.23 0.51 Production losses



2008 5.59 12.32 Storage, transit and transfer (MSW) 2008 0.42 0.93 Storage, transit and transfer (demolition debris landfills) 2008 0.18 0.40 Storage, transit and transfer (recycling)

2011 2.58 5.69 Landfills

2008 0.79 1.74 Landfills (demolition debris)

2008 0.09 0.20 Recycling


2008 11.12 24.52 Burn barrels

TOTALS 55.97



TABLE 1 13.25 Storage, transit and transfer (includes both MSW and demolition debris landfills)

TABLE 1 7.43 Emissions from landfills (includes both MSW and demolition debris landfills)


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Measurement and Control Devices Emissions from measurement and control devices were estimated as a portion of national emissions using the USEPA Flow Diagram. According to the IMERC Fact Sheet Mercury Use in Measuring Devices, 1.13 tons of mercury was contained in measuring devices sold nationally in 2007 (IMERC, 2014). This represents an 78% decline since 2001 when measuring devices sold contained 5.12 tons of mercury. Much of the decline comes from the discontinuation of mercury in barometers and dairy manometers, and the reduction of mercury used in thermometers. Based on the USEPA’s assessment that mercury thermometers have an average life span of five years, the same assumption will be made for mercury manometers until data can be found indicating otherwise (attempting to find data on life expectancy of mercury manometer). Michigan accounted for 3.3% of the United States population in 2008 so national values were adjusted accordingly to generate Michigan-specific values. Approximately 0.03 kg (0.07 lbs) of mercury was emitted from the retail of measurement and control devices assuming 0.1% of mercury in measurement and control devices is released during retail. A 0.2% release factor was used for consumer breakage of measurement and control devices. Mercury in the amount of 17.32 kg (38.18 lbs) was emitted from consumer breakage in 2008, for a total of 38.25 lbs from retail and consumer breakage. During the storage, transit, and transfer of measurement and control devices as MSW, 10.20 kg (22.49 lbs) of mercury was likely released assuming a 1.5% release factor. Approximately 40% of mercury in discarded measurement and control devices is sent on for recycling. Mercury in the amount of 5.44 kg (11.99 lbs) was released during storage and transfer of measurement and control devices bound for recycling. Another 5.33 kg (11.75 lbs) of mercury was likely released due to recycling, assuming a 1% release factor, and will be grouped with retail and consumer losses. Three percent of measurement and control devices in MSW were likely burned in a burn barrel releasing 90% of the mercury contained in them. Accordingly, 20.29 kg (44.73 lbs) of mercury was released due to measurement and control devices being burned in burn barrels. Seventy-five percent of measurement and control devices in MSW are sent to landfills. Measurement and control devices in landfills contribute 4.72 kg (10.41 lbs) of mercury emissions assuming 1% of the mercury is released. In total, 63.33 kg (139.62 lbs) of mercury was likely released from all activities associated with mercury-containing measurement and control devices in 2008.

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Table 47.

Measurement & Control Devices

Year kg lb Subset



2008 10.20 22.49 Storage, transit and transfer (MSW) 2008 5.44 11.99 Storage, transit and transfer (recycling) 2008 4.72 10.41 Landfills 2008 5.33 11.75 Recycling 2008 NA NA Mass burning and RDF 2008 20.29 44.73 Burn barrels

TOTALS 63.33 139.62




Thermometers Beginning January 1, 2003, Michigan PA 578 (effective October 3, 2002) banned the sale of mercury thermometers in Michigan, or for use in the state of Michigan. The only exceptions are if a mercury thermometer is sold or offered for one of the following:

a) A use for which a mercury thermometer is required by state or federal statute, regulation or administrative rule;

b) Pharmaceutical research purposes; or c) By prescription.

Mercury thermometers in household use are assumed to have a 5-year lifespan prior to breakage and disposal. Therefore, it is assumed that household use and breakage of mercury thermometers in 2008 is negligible, based on the ban on sales beginning in 2003. Mercury thermometers used in hospitals were assumed to have a 1-year life span prior to breakage and disposal; therefore, it was assumed no hospital mercury thermometers were in use in 2008. Accordingly, mercury emissions from breakage and disposal of mercury thermometers are assumed to be minimal in 2008 and zero emissions have been calculated. Bulk Mercury Clean Sweep Household Hazardous Waste collection sites collected 66.27 kg (146.1 lbs) of elemental free-flowing mercury in 2008. Approximately 883.60 kg (1,948.20 lbs) of mercury was calculated as the total consumer input by extrapolating from the total waste estimates. It was assumed that bulk mercury disposed of as waste comprised 7.5% of total consumer input. The USEPA Flow Model estimates that 1% or 0.66 kg (1.46 lbs) of this mercury was released to the air. An additional amount of 66.27 kg (146.1 lbs) of bulk mercury was projected to be transported as waste in 2008. One percent or 0.66 kg (1.46 lbs) of this mercury was expected to be released during waste transport to collection sites. Mercury from consumers had an expected release factor of 0.2%, resulting in emissions of approximately 1.77 kg (3.90 lbs) of elemental mercury in 2008. Hence, approximately 6.82 lbs of mercury was likely released from all aspects of the bulk mercury category in 2008.

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Table 48.

Consumer Use of Bulk Mercury

Year kg lb Subset

2008 0.66 1.46 Released from collection of bulk mercury emissions (Clean Sweep Sites)

2008 1.77 3.90 Consumer and retail


2008 NA NA Landfills




TOTALS 3.09 6.82



TABLE 1 1.46 See CLEAN SWEEP SITES entry


Volatilization During Solid Waste Collection and Processing The estimate for volatilization during solid waste collection and processing was based on the assumption that 1.5% of the mercury in solid waste is volatilized during collection, transportation, and mechanical processing (MPCA, 2001). To estimate the quantity of MSW composted in Michigan, a Michigan specific figure from the MDEQ Waste and Hazardous Materials Division (WHMD) was utilized (Fletcher, 2009). 2008 is the only year for which MSW compost data was available. The quantity of solid waste combusted was calculated using EI Toolkit throughput values (see Municipal Waste Incineration). Landfill data from 2008 was obtained from the WHMD (DEQ, 2014). For this estimate, only Type II in-state waste (municipal solid waste) was considered. The value was 27,824,308 cubic yards and a weight of 0.333 tons per yard was assumed. Since out-of-state waste is not likely to be transported to a transfer station in Michigan, it was not included in this estimate. It is assumed that the mercury concentration of MSW is approximately 0.004 lbs of mercury per ton of solid waste (van Veizen, 2002). Mercury in the amount of 625.52 lbs was likely emitted due to volatilization during the collection and processing of MSW in 2008. Table 49.

Fate of Municipal Solid Waste Amount Reference

MSW compost (tons) 400,000.00 Fletcher, MDEQ (2008 value)

Resource recovery (tons) 759,775.00 From 2008 MSW incineration sector Landfill Type II in-state waste (tons) 9,265,494.56 MDEQ, WHMD, for 2008 Total landfill, combusted, composted 10,425,269.56 Calculated mercury content (lb/ton) 0.004 van Veizen (2002) Mercury content (lb) of solid waste (excluding recycling) 41,701.08

Volatilization during handling and transport, in lbs (equals 1.5% of mercury content from landfill, combustion, composting)

625.52

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Landfill Volatilization The estimate for volatilization during from solid waste in landfills was based on the assumption that 0.1% of the mercury in landfilled solid waste is volatilized per year based on studies of MSW emissions in Florida (Lindberg and Price, 1999). To estimate the quantity of MSW landfilled in Michigan in 2008, a Michigan specific figure from the MDEQ’s WHMD was used (MDEQ, WHMD, 2014). For this estimate, total landfilled Type II (in-state and out-of-state) waste (41,535,720 cubic yards) was considered and a weight of 0.333 tons per yard was assumed. It is assumed that the mercury concentration of MSW is approximately 0.004 lbs of mercury per ton of solid waste (van Veizen, 2002). Approximately 55.33 lbs of mercury was likely emitted due to volatilization from landfilled MSW in 2008. Table 50.

Fate of Municipal Solid Waste Amount Reference Total landfilled Type II in-state waste (municipal solid waste) (cubic yards), 2008 41,535,720 MDEQ, Waste & Hazardous Materials Division

Total landfilled Type II in-state waste (municipal solid waste) in tons (assumes 0.333 tons/yd), 2008 13,831,395 MDEQ, Waste & Hazardous Materials Division

Calculated mercury content (lb/ton) 0.0040 van Veizen (2002)

Mercury content in lb of solid waste (excluding recycling) 55,326 Volatilization from landfilled MSW in lb (0.1% of mercury in MSW volatilizes) 55.33 Lindberg and Price (1999)

Burn Barrels For the category of burn barrels (open burning of MSW), the methodology from the 2005 report was utilized to estimate 105.81 lbs of mercury from the open burning of MSW IN 2008. The USEPA’s methodology was from Appendix A of Documentation for the Final 2002 Nonpoint Sector (Feb 06 Version) National Emissions inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants. The ratio of urban to rural population was obtained from 2000 U.S. Census data, then multiplied by a 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate of the county population in Michigan to obtain an estimate of rural population in 2008. The USEPA’s estimate of 3.37 lbs of solid waste per person per day was used to calculate total solid waste generated. It was assumed that MSW has a mercury content of 0.0040 lb/ton (van Veizen, 2002). Per an estimate by Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA, 20008), 2% of MSW was assumed to be disposed of in burn barrels, resulting in the estimate of 105.81 lbs. Human Cremation According to Michael Beebe, Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH), 38,048 bodies were cremated in Michigan in 2008 (MDCH, 2014). Estimates of the amount of mercury released per body cremated vary greatly. One literature review concludes that a release of two to three grams of mercury per body cremated seems most well-supported (Reindl, 2005). This yields a total emissions estimate between 167.76 and 251.64 pounds of mercury from this category in Michigan. However, a more recent study in Japan estimated that the average mercury amalgam in place contains 51.6 mg (Takaoka, Oshita, Takeda and Morisawa, 2010). This estimate, with an assumption of four fillings per body, yields a total estimate of 17.31 lbs of mercury emitted in 2008 from the human cremation category. Using the study’s conservative estimate of a maximum of 231 mg of mercury per filling, a high range emissions estimate of 77.51 lbs is obtained.

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A research project was conducted to quantify the emissions of mercury from dental amalgam in human cremations in Minnesota. The report Quantifying Mercury Emissions Resulting from the Cremation of Dental Amalgam in Minnesota: Final Results was presented to MPCA on September 15, 2015. A factor of 2.3 grams of mercury emissions per body from cremation was calculated for the project. This value was applied to the number of 2008 cremations in Michigan, resulting in a statewide estimate of 192.93 pounds of mercury emissions. The factor from the MPCA study is considered to be more representative of the U.S. population than the Takaoka study. Therefore, 192.93 lbs of mercury was likely emitted to the atmosphere from human cremations in Michigan in 2008 (McGeen, 2016). Volatilization: Land Application of Sewage Sludge Sewage sludge in the amount of 97,861dry English tons was land-applied in Michigan in 2011 according to estimates from the Sewage Sludge Program of the Water Bureau, MDEQ (Water Bureau, 2014). According to Water Bureau staff, sewage sludge had an average concentration of 1.35 ppm of mercury in 2008. Assuming 1% of mercury applied to the surface of the land volatilized within a year (MPCA, 2004), but not taking into account any carryover from previous years, 2.64 lbs of mercury were likely emitted via volatilization from surface-applied sewage sludge in 2008. Contaminated Site Remediation The only known source of atmospheric mercury emissions from the clean-up of a contaminated site in Michigan, was the dredging of the BASF Riverview site in Detroit. Site dredging began in late 2006 and was completed in the second week of 2007 (MDEQ, 2014). Therefore, in 2008, there are no known air emissions of mercury from contaminated site remediation in Michigan.

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Mobile Sources ON-ROAD The USEPA and University of Michigan (U of M) Air Quality Laboratory collaborated on a pilot project in 2002 to investigate motor vehicle mercury emissions (Hoyer et al., 2004). The project produced significantly different emission factors than those previously used to estimate mobile source mercury emissions from on-road vehicles. Michigan’s 1999 mercury emissions inventory estimated on-road mobile source emissions using emission factors that were the detection limit cut in half from Coordinating Research Council (CRC) data. The emission factors produced by the USEPA/U of M pilot project were several orders of magnitude lower than the estimate based on the CRC factor. Table 51.

Year Total On-road Hg

Emissions in lbs (1999 CRC factor):

Total On-road Low Range Hg Emissions in lbs (USEPA/U of M 2002

factor):

Total On-road High Range Hg Emissions in lbs (USEPA/U of M 2002

factor):

USEPA NEI Hg Estimate for On-road (in lbs)

2008 1793.15 0.18 0.49 23.38

Table 52. Comparison of 1999 (CRC) and 2002 (USEPA/U of M) Emission Factors

Vehicle Type 1999 Emission Factor 2002 Emission Factor Light-duty Diesel 6,579 ng/mi 6.4-11.1 ng/mi Heavy-duty Diesel 86,577 ng/mi 6.4-11.1 ng/mi Light-duty Gasoline 875 ng/mi 0.3-1.4 ng/mi Heavy-duty Gasoline 839 ng/mi 0.3-1.4 ng/mi

Table 53. 2008 Michigan Statewide Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) (in millions)

Year LDG HDG LDD HDD Total VMT

2008 87185.3987 3412.2354 337.6922 8454.7661 99390.0923

The Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles emission factor from USEPA/U of M was applied to all gasoline vehicles for 2008 and the Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles emission factor from USEPA/U of M was applied to all diesel vehicles. Based on data from MDEQ and the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT, 2014) 90,597,634,009 miles were driven by various gasoline vehicles in 2008. The number of miles estimated to be driven by diesel vehicles was 8,792,458,286. The 2008 estimate based on the USEPA/U of M 2002 factor suggests that <1 lbs of mercury was emitted from on-road vehicles (0.18 to 0.49 lbs). The estimate using 2008 VMT and the factor from USEPA’s 2008 NEI version 3 suggests that 23.38 lbs of mercury was emitted from on-road vehicles. It should be noted that the USEPA/U of M pilot project did not measure reactive gaseous mercury and since this was a pilot project, few vehicles were studied. Further research is needed to estimate emissions from mobile sources with the desired degree of certainty. This pilot study tested light-duty gasoline vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The estimates only include mercury from tailpipe emissions and do not address other potential mercury sources from on-road vehicles, such as mercury in brake pads. Brake wear was identified as a potentially significant source of mercury emissions from mobile sources during the pilot study (Hoyer et al., 2004).

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/conference/ei13/toxics/hoyer.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/conference/ei13/toxics/hoyer.pdf

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NON-ROAD The 2008 mercury inventory includes several non-road categories that were not present in the 2002 and 2005 reports. The categories are: off-road vehicles and equipment (diesel and gasoline-powered), commercial marine vessels, and railroads. The estimate from the USEPA’s 2008 NEI version 3 dataset estimates that 1.30 lbs of mercury was emitted from off-road vehicles and equipment. This includes snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and agricultural, construction, mining, and lawn and garden equipment. Mercury in the amount of 0.19 lbs came from diesel equipment and vehicles, and 1.11 lbs was from gasoline-powered vehicles and equipment. The USEPA’s 2008 NEI version 3 estimates that 1.01 lbs of mercury was emitted from commercial marine vessels. This includes port and underway emissions for the marine vessels. The USEPA’s 2008 NEI version 3 also includes 13.74 lbs of mercury emissions from railroad locomotives. This includes railyards as well as line-haul locomotives for Class I, II and III railroads (large carriers, regional railroads and shortlines, respectively). A preliminary estimate of between 0.24 and 10.80 pounds of mercury emitted per year was generated for Michigan’s only coal-burning ferry, the S.S. Badger, owned by Lake Michigan Carferry Service. The Badger burns, on average,12,000 tons of bituminous coal per year according to the USEPA (EPA, 2013). Using the range of mercury concentration in bituminous coal of 0.01-0.45 ppm (MMEUW, 2005), the preliminary range of emissions was created. Efforts to estimate other emissions from this source sector and other non-road mobile sources have not been conducted to date.

http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/deq-aqd-air-aqe-mercury-report_272074_7.pdf

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REFERENCES Advanced Environmental Management Group. Nov. 1, 2007. Assessment of Mercury Emissions Impacts for Lafarge Midwest, Inc., Alpena, Michigan, pp-20-21. Air Compliance Testing, Inc. 2002. North Star Steel Company-Michigan Division: Compliance Stack Emission Test Report, p. 7. AP-42 Compilation of Emission Factors, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Ch. 12.5, Iron and Steel Production, pp. 1-19. Charley, Mary. 2010. Personal communication via writing on 8/18/2010 to Dennis McGeen. Charley is a retired Environmental Engineer Specialist and was the incineration expert for the Air Quality Division, MDEQ. Dictionary.com. Gray Iron. Available from: Originally from Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc. Ecology Center & Great Lakes United. 2001. Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury, p 35, 38. End-of-Life-Vehicle Solutions Corporation. 2006. 2006 Annual Report, p 7. Energy International: Metals Processing Advisor. Electric Arc Furnace: Process Description. Environmental Test Report. 2005. Detroit COV Report No. 3086, Volume 1, Appendix A.5, pp. 23-25, Appendix A.13 pp. 57-59, Appendix A.21, pp. 91-93. Copies from TPU File “Michigan Waste Energy-Greater Detroit RRF, MWC 11 - 13. Detroit Multi-Pollutants September 12-22, 2005.” Fletcher, Matt. 2009 Personal communication via 12/15/2010 email to Dennis McGeen. Matt Fletcher is the Recycling and Composting Coordinator for the Waste and Hazardous Materials Division, MDEQ. Foy, Joanne. 2010. Personal communication via 8/03/2010 email to Dennis McGeen. Joanne Foy is an Environmental Quality Specialist with the Lansing District of the Air Quality Division, MDEQ. Grinstern, Eric. 2010. Personal communication via 8/19/2010 email to Dennis McGeen. Grinstern is an Environmental Quality Analyst with the Grand Rapids District of the Air Quality Division, MDEQ. Great Lakes Commission. 2009. 2005 Inventory of Toxic Air Emissions for the Great Lakes Region: Appendix C: Michigan Toxic Emissions Inventory. Hoyer, Marion, Baldauf, Richard W., Scarbro, Carl, Barres, James, and Gerald J. Keeler. Mercury Emissions from Motor Vehicles. 2004. Paper from the 13th International Emissions inventory Conference: “Working for Clean Air in Clearwater.” Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), Office of Air Quality. Summary of Mercury Emissions from Non-electric Generating Units (Non-EGUs). Jiang, Hongming. 1999. Personal communication via 4/8/1999 email to Joy Taylor Morgan. Jiang Hongming is with the MPCA and based this value on a 1995 stack test from Empire.

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Humphreys, Kathy. 2005. Personal communication via 8/30/2006 email to Dennis McGeen. Kathy Humphreys is with the Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Community Health. Lindberg, S. E.; Price, J. L. Airborne emissions of mercury from municipal landfill operations: a short-term measurement study in Florida. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1999, 49, 520-532. Maillard, Michael. 2009. Personal communication via telephone with Dennis McGeen, MDEQ, on Sept. 8, 2009. Michael Maillard is an Environmental Engineer with the MDEQ, AQD. McGeen, Dennis. 2009. Dennis McGeen is an Environmental Quality Analyst, ERAU, AQD. McLemore, Wilhemina. 2010. Personal communication via 8/03/2010 email to Dennis McGeen. McLemore is the District Supervisor of the AQD Detroit Office, MDEQ. Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services: Bureau of Health Services (now MI Dept. of Labor & Economic Growth). 2002/2003 Annual Report of the Bureau of Health Services. MDEQ, Air Quality Division. EI Toolkit. Version: 2008.0.0. Accessed Dec. 2009. MDEQ, Environmental Sciences & Services Division. TRI Query Tool. 2009. Query tool has since been replaced by USEPA’s TRI Explorer. MDEQ, Waste and Hazardous Materials Division. 2006. Report of Solid Waste Landfilled in Michigan: October 1, 2004-September 30, 2005. MDEQ, Water Bureau. Mercury Trends. December 2009. MDEQ, Air Quality Division. 2010. Jackson County RRF, Unit #1, Metals/Mercury, February 16, 2005, and Jackson County RRF, Unit #2, Metals, February 8, 2005. Copies from TPU File “Jackson County RRF, MWC 1 + 2 (Subpart JJJ testing). Jackson, Various Pollutants May 2-4 + June 21-22, 2005.” MDEQ, Pollution Prevention Program. Memorandum of Understanding Between the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Establishing the Michigan Mercury Automotive ‘Switch/Sweep’ Program. July 1, 2004. MDOT. 2005. Statistics: Michigan Average Vehicle Miles Traveled-2005. Accessed Dec 2009. Metals Processing Advisor. Energy International, with support from Southern California Gas, Gas Research Institute and others. Meyers, Sandra. Quantifying Mercury Emissions Resulting from the Cremation of Dental Amalgam in Minnesota. September 15, 2015. Michigan Mercury Electric Utility Workgroup (MMEUW). 2005. Michigan's Electric Utility Workgroup Report on Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2004. Estimated Mercury Emissions in Minnesota for 1990, 1995, & 2000: March 2004 Update. MPCA. 2008. Estimated Mercury Emissions in Minnesota for 2005 to 2018.

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MPCA. 2001. Substance Flow Analysis of Mercury in Products. NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association). 2000. Environmental Impact Analysis: Spent Mercury-Containing Lamps. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Highway Statistics 2005. Section II: Motor Vehicles. State Motor Vehicle Registrations – 2005. Pilgrim, Wilfred. 1998. Chapter VIII. New Brunswick Department of the Environment. Fredricton, New Brunswick in Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Northeast Waste Management Officials Association, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, and the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network. 1998. The Northeast States and Eastern Canadian Provinces Mercury Study. Reindl, John. 2005. Summary of References on Mercury Emissions from Crematoria. Dane County Department of Public Works in Madison, Wisconsin. Sadoff, Margaret. 2006. Personal communication via 5/26/2006 email to Joy Taylor Morgan. Schleusener, Paul. 2005. Personal communication via 3/30/2005 email to Leah Granke. Takaoka M., Oshita K., Takeda N., and Morisawa, S. Mercury emission from crematories in Japan. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. April 20, 2010. Taylor Morgan, Joy. 2010. Personal communication via writing on 8/09/2010 to Dennis McGeen. Taylor Morgan is an Environmental Quality Specialist and is the mercury expert for Air Quality Division, MDEQ. Tibbetts, Mark. 2009. Personal communication via 12/15/2010 email to Dennis McGeen. Mark Tibbetts is the Executive Director of Thermostat Recycling Corporation. Re: 2005 Estimates for Mercury Thermostat Recycling. Tilden stack test. 2002. Received via 12/04 email from Conrad Chin, USEPA. URS Corporation. 2004. Final Report: Risk Burn Test of the 32 Rotary Kiln Incinerator. The Dow Chemical Company. Midland, Michigan. U.S. Census Bureau. Population estimates: states. USEPA. 1986. AP 42, Fifth Ed., Volume 1, Chapter 12: Metallurgical Industry. USEPA. 2009. WebFIRE database. USEPA. 2002. TRI Explorer. Van Veizen, Daniel, Langenkamp, Heinrich & Georg Herb. 2002. Review: Mercury in waste incineration. Waste Manage. Res: 20, p 556-568. Weidner, Joan. 2009. Personal communication via 12/28/2010 telephone call to Dennis McGeen. Joan Weidner is Senior Planner for the Transportation Department of the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments.

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Weiss, Laura & Sandy Wright. 2001. Mercury: On the Way to Zero: Recommended Strategies to Eliminate Mercury Releases from Human Activities in Oregon by 2020, p 59. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). Fate of Mercury in Products in Wisconsin. Flow model developed by Barr for WDNR. First modified with 2002 Michigan data by Leah Granke, MDEQ, in 2006. Modified with 2005 Michigan data by Dennis McGeen, MDEQ, in 2009. Yanochko, David. 2006. Personal communication via 6/06 email to John Vial, Catherine Simon, and Randy Telesz. David Yanochko is a senior engineer with Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. in the Environmental Services Group. Prepared by Dennis McGeen, EGLE, September 2019. This inventory represents the best information available at the time of the last update. The inventory will continue to be updated as better information becomes available.

http://oeconline.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/roadtozero.pdf

2008 Estimates of Mercury Air Emissions in Michigan

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