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AMERICAN FIRMSdesirous of creating and extend ing trade with

now and after the war'

shou ld advertise in the lead ingI ta lian Photographic Monthl y

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NEYROUD SONS, LIMITEDFore ign Advertising Sp e c ia lists

REGENT HOUSE, KINGSW AY, LONDON, ENGLAND

P lea se M ention Camera Cra ft when Corresponding with Advertisers .

LENSE S2V Inch meyer M. P., f 3.8 in focus ing barre l, like new, list $28.00. $20.003' x4l Ze iss Kodak Anast igmat , 5-in . focus. f 6 .3, in Compound shutter, new, list2' x3%; -Kodak Aanast igmat, 4% r in . focus , f in

.K odak B a ll B earing shutter , new,

9 00Dagor, 4% -in. focus , f 6 .8 , in K

'

o l los shutter , like new, list $52.00 now 34.50

Goe rz Dagor, 4% -in. focus , f 6 .8 , in Op timo shutter like new, list $49.50 .now 32.50

Cooke Kodak Anast igmat , 6% - in . focus , f -3 1n Compur shutter , new, listB . L. Zeiss Tessar, Series 10 , 5% f in b arre l, lik e new, list

30 00

3' sl L. Zeiss Tessar, -in. focus , f in Compound shutter , like new,

33 50

3V4x5V2 W o llensak V e lost igmat , Series I , 6 1749; in . f ocus , f 6 .3, in Opt imo shutter , perfect

cond ition , list $37.003%;x5V2 V oigt l ‘ander Dynar, -in . focus in ce lls , new. list

x

$7sl

B . L. Ze iss T essa r, Series IIB , 7 -in . focus , f in_ barrel, lik e new , list

_

4 x5 or 3V4x5Vz Cooke Te lar, in. focus , f 7, in barre l , lik e new, list $42.005 x7 Versar Po rt ra it and V iew, f . 6 , in Regno shutter , new. list $20.00

.5“

x7 Goerz Dagor, 7-ln . focus , f 6 8, in Optimo shutter , like new, list $66 .00.

L. T essa r, Series 10 ,- in . focus , f 4.5, in barrel, like new, list $58 .50 . . now

Goe rz Doppel Anast igmat (Dagor) 8 14 in . f ocus , f 6 .8 , in ~ba rrel, perfect condit ion ,

37 50

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\6Vollerlsak V inco Anast igmat , 91/é in. focus , f in Optimo shutter, new, list

NOW

6 Goe rz Dagor No .- in

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6 x W ollensak Ext reme W ide Angle, in barre l, new, list n

6 x W o llensak V e lost igmat W ide Angle, f 9.5, in barre l, new, list $34.00 n

6 x8 L. Ze lss Frotar, S eries V , f 18 , wide ang le,

“

in barre l, like new, list $25.00, n

8 x10 W'

o IIensak V e lost igmat W ide Angle , f 9.5 , in barre l, new, list $50. now8 x10 W ollensak Rapid Rect il inear, in Regno shutter , like new

‘

8 x1

10

1:P last igmat , 13% in. focus , f 6 .8, in Compound shutter , perfect condition,

i s

8 x10 W o llensak Ext reme W ide Ang le, in barre l, new, list8 x10 Sc ient ific W ide Angle Anast ig (extreme) now10 x12 B . L. Ze iss Port ra it Unar, 18-in. focus , f in bar

'

rel, with diffusing device ,

perfect condi tion , list

E rnemann Vest Rocket with F oca l P lane shutter and Auto shut ter, D etectiv ap lan’

at lens ,

f perfect cond ition , list . $60.00 . now2V2x4V4 E astman Koda k, fitted with B . L . Zeiss Tessar IIB lens , f Compound

shutter , like new, list $55.00

% x4V4 Auto Graf lex with f 4.5 IO Tessar lens and case , film pack adapter , like new,list $97.00 .nowV4x4V E astman Kodak , fitted with B . L . Zeiss Tessar lens IIB , in Compound . shutter ,like new, list $60, 00 now

% x4V4‘

Ansco , No . 6 , fitted with Goerz Dagor f 6 .8 , in Optimo shutter, like new, listnow 36 .50

3A E astman Kodak , latest mode l, autograph ic back , range finder, etc fitted )w1thZeiss K odak f 6 .3, perfect condition , listV4x5V2 Premo Film Plate Spec ia l , with Zeiss Kodak anastigmat f . lens , Compound

shutter , case , like new, list $69.00 now3%,x5V2 Graflex,

.with 5x7 B . L . Zeiss T essar f 4.5, lik e new, list “

$137.00 nowW e have three 6V2x8V2 Century V iew Came ra s , brand new, comp lete with case and ho lder atA lso f ive new 6V2x8V2 Empire S tate No. 2 V iew Came ras , comp lete with ca se and ho lder at

ovette Came ras , _ list . .nowovet te Projectors , list now

1 Movette Print ing Mach ine, list now

W.

ATCH'I'H IS PAGE EV ERY ISSUE

W e can list on ly a sma l l part of our barga ins, due to lim ited space . If you do“

not"

find W hatyou are lookmg for in the above li st, drop us a ca rd and we wi l l quote barga in prices on what

H ENRY G . deROOS(FORMERLY M ISSION PHOTO SUPPLY co . !

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The La rgest Camera Exchange on -the Pa c if ic Coast

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CAMERA CRAFT . $1 00 is? 10W ith any one of the followingAmerican Boy 1 50I llustrated W orld

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CAMERA CRAFT $1 00is? 25W ith any one of the following

American Magazine . l 50Bulletin of Photography . 1 50Delineator l 50E tude (for music lovers) 1 50Metropo litan MagazineW oman

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s'

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CAMERA CRAFT . $1 00232 50W ith any one of the following

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r cata logue and particularsRALPH J . GOLSEN 5123 Kenmore Ave. , Chicago

the names“

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of y our friends interested in

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ENORMOUS DEMAND FOR STUDIO PORTRAITUREExperts tra in y .ou Easy terms . Specia l O ffer NOW .

Ca ll or wri te for va luab le new book let— free . State ifinterested in professiona l or motion-picture photography .

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Con ta ins a fund o f va luab le photograph ic in form a tion—tab le

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Paper edition 75C' Clo th ed ition

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PERMANENT—TRANSPARENT ECONOMICALS IMPLI

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Strictly a Gentleman’sOutfit

No m a tter how h igh g rade a connoisseur , or

in p la in United States a crit ica l judge" you

are , we ca l l to your a ttent ion the fo l lowing , viz z'

1 4x5 Auto Gra flex (revo lving ba ck ), long focus ,

used , but in A I condit ion , equ ipped with genu ine

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Jena g lass co lor fi lter , a lso a genu ine Ca r l ZeissQuadrup le F rotar , s ing le e lem ent s , approxim a te

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outfit , inc lud ing new m ode l Graflex ro l l fi lmholder , Graflex '

plate magazine and Graflex film

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Ica“Idea l” mode l A , genu ine Ca r l

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color fi lters in e legant si lk lined mo rocco pock et

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Trip lar f lens , a wonderfu l instrum ent ,with case , the

_price , Rem emb er if you

are in the connoisseur or“

crit ica l “judge c la ss ,

you owe it_

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ink a s possib le , but we h ave , for over twentyy ears , a lways had the goods in B oston , Ma ss ,

s ince 1898 .

o f having you r orders filled promptly andfu lly with fre sh go ods a t the right price .

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W ilton 7 17 MARKET S TREET Te l. Kearny 248 9

The W ilton C0 .,Prop . and Mgr. SAN FRANCISCO , CAL.

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,San Francisco

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No ..3 Ansco V . P . Speedex, Tessar IC lens V2x8% Cooke f 12-in. focus in barrellike new, list list $102.00

NO. 1 Auto , .Specia l K odak f lens , like 5x7 B . L._

Extreme W . A Series V , listnew , list

I ca S tereolette , size 1% x1% , Ca r l Zeiss 5x7 Cooke f 4 5 in Optimo shutter, new,

f 4.5 lenses and Compound shutter , p la te list $70.00magazine , list $131 .50 75 00 334x9 75 H eliar f -ih . focus , in barrel,l4 x434 Popu lar E ns ign Reflex and Sy lva r listf lens , perfect condit ion , list 4x5 B .

“

L. Zeiss Tessar IIB , f in Com31,4x5 1/2 Sy lvar with B . L . Zeiss Tessa r pound shutter , like new, listf—6 .3 and Comp . shutter , new, list , $90.00 75.00 Full Line of Sylvar Lenses m Stock

W e do no t pub lish a re gu lar ba rgain list and if you don’t se e wha t you want write us , as we now

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P lease M ent ion Camera Cra ft when Corresponding with Advertisers.

3A Graflex, IC Zeiss T essar f inCompound shutter and ca se , perfect order ,list

3 174x4174 E ns ign Reflex, with Car l Ze issf lens , perfect order

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4x5 Revolving B a ck Auto Graflex,

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ca se

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BIG BEN BINDER CAMERACRAFTFor a long time

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we have been looking for a rea l ly practica lbinder , one that we cou ld recommend to our readers . W e believe we have found it in the BIG BEN shown be low. Put on the

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a lready been adopted bysuch leading pub lications as Cosmopolitan , Ladies

’ H ome Journa l ,Good H ousekeeping and hundreds Of others . This binder is finished in book c loth wi th Came ra Craf t stamped in go ld on front

cover and back . It is equipped with a patented device for binding twe lve copies of Camera Craft

together in a single vo lume,having the appearance of a regular bound book . I t is strong in con

struction and so simp le in operation that the fi ling or extraction Of one or more magazines t e

quires but a few seconds . NO punching of ho les is necessary~ —just a s lit between the pages witha pen knife , th e insertion Of a m eta l Clip , and the magazine is ready to b e dropped into p lace over the b ind ing rods ,

wh ich are swung b ack and , with a slight turn of the wrist, securely lock ed to the solid wood back . The back is notflem b le and there is no chance for the maga zine to work loose or uneven . W e supp ly them at each, p ostpaid.

CAMERA CRAFT“ A“ ” RE

-“ m “m m“

SAN FRANCISCO , CAL .

P lease M ention Camera Craf t when Correspond ing with Advertisers .

3A Specia l K odak , Zeiss“. K odak ana stigm at lens f 6 .3, Compound shutter , list$76 .25

1A Spec ia l K odak , 1917 -Mode l ; range

finder , Zeiss K odak lens, f latestm odel , perf ect condit ion , list

3A Fo ld ing B rownie , R . R . lens , listNO . 3 Specia l K odak , Zeiss K odak lensgood order , l ist $59.50

NO . 3 Ansco Speedex, Goerz Dagor lens ,

f 6 .8 , in Com pound shutter , s light ly$54.00

“

No . 6 Cirkut Outfit , perfect order , list

Mar. 1918

AMERA RAFTA Photographic Monthly

Entered at the Po stoffice in San Francisco as Second ClassMatter . Copyrighted , 1918 . by

“

Camera Craft Pub lish ing Co

CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1918

Morning in the Redwoods (Frontisp iece) .P ercy Neymann, Ph.D .

A Cam éra on the Ranch .F rank Reeves 91

E n larged Negatives B y“Techni co

”

96

An Improvised . D ark Room .K eith K oons 101

An Improvised Stereo E quipment John B . Ga le 104Those D istant V iews I B F . Loom is 106

M r. B rowne'

s Crit icism .F . Morrl s Steadman 108

A P rofitab le S ide Line F rank B . H owe 112

Paragraphs Photograph icA Sma l l Saving— F ixing E n largements .

E ditorialsAre W e TOO S erious ?— GEoods

‘

that are Not Advert ised .

A Photograph ic D igestW et Ge latine Emu ls ions— Som e M isconceptions in the U se ofLigh t F i lters in Mu lt ip le- Color Screens and D efinit ion —ReducingB rom ide P rints D ry , W ithout Ab rasion .

The Ama teur and H is Troub lesMak ing Good P ortra its—Mak ing a Com parison— Saving H ypoF inding the Foca l Length— H ydroquinone Turning B rown—Tim e

of Tank D eve lopm ent .

Internationa l PhotOgraphic Associat ion .

Our B ook She lvesNotes ' and comm ent c c o o n

Explrat lons—Sub scriptions to Camera Cra ft are discont inued on dateof expirat ion. The date -on the

“

address‘

label on the wrapper shows thetime to wh ich each sub scriber has pa id . Thus : Nov. 09 means that thesub scription expires with the number dated November, 1909. fiRenewIng—In renewing a sub scription, do .not fa i l to say that it is a renewa l,giving nam e and address just as now on the address lab e l. 1!NewAddress—In notifying us of a change of address , give both the Old andnew address . Shou ld you m iss a Copy through change of address , adviseus of the fact , and another _Wi l l be g lad ly sent . 1]Dealers—All photographic supp ly dea lers and news

'

dea lers are authorized to receipt forsubscript ions in our nam e.

Subscript ion Price , Canada , Fore lgn,Camera Cra ft Pub lishing Company , Claus Sprecke ls B ui lding ,

San F rancisco , Ca lifornia

FORE IGN AGENTS

Harringtons , Ltd ., Sydneyl

Austra l“ l Kodak . Austra la sia , Ltd ., SydneyEngland Francis Callas , 3 W ine Office Court , Fleet Street , London, E . C.

‘

New Zea land 3.

W aterworths Lim ited , 58 Queen St . , AucklandW ater

'

worths Limi ted. 286 Lamb ton Quay , W e llingtonPh i lippine Is lands S quires , B ingham CO., Mani laJapan K . K imbei , Yokohama

P lease Ment ion Camera Craf t when Corresponding with Advert isers .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

MORNING INTH E REDW OODS

By PERCY NEYMANN , Ph . D .

O NT HLY

CALIFORNIA

ali ve '

C'

Oncern

A P H O T O G R A P H I C M O N T H LY

FAYETT E J . CLUT E , Editor

CLAUS S‘

PRECKELS BLDG .

‘

SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORN IA ‘

V OL. XXV MARCH,1918 No . 8

A Camera o n The RanchBy Frank Reeves

(Q- W i t h I l l u s t r a t i o n s b y t h e A u t h o r

In . trying to write something that Will be helpful and informative concern

ing the use O f a camera on the ranch,I find mysel f In much the same position

as the boy from the country who went to the city to see the Sights; After

inquiring as.

to the principal po ints o f interest and the variOus cars he should

ROPING CATTLE FOR BRAND ING ON S ; 1VI . S . RANCH

CAMERA. CRAFT

take to reach them ,he was unable to make a decISlon as to which one to visit

first. Like this other chap from the country I hardly know where to begin.

Picture making has been a hobby with me for a number Of years ; the

pure del ight O f recording incidentS and events has a strong appeal ; and incidentally

“

,the element o f chance which enterss more or

“ less, at least in my case,

into the making Of every picture adds to the interest. W ith me,after

‘

r'

ninimiz

ing as far as possible this element of chance in my timing Of exposures and

development o f the plates or films, my degree Of success has been measured

by the standard O f naturalness'

,my. aim being the true to l i fe records. And

while I have no condemnation for the artistic, I am just about“

as famil iar withthe rules O f art as I am with the German Kaiser

My photographic career opened up with a magazine camera which carriedtwelve 4x5

. plates . Sometimes, when One worked ,the l ittle lever that was sup

posed to change the exposed plate for an unexposed one, it fai led to work ;

or it might, as a variation , change two o f them at the same time Yet I doubt

very much if another camera could ever give me the thrill and the genuinepleasure that this one did when I unpacked it, along with the varlous acces

sories that I had ordered from a mai l order Catalogue without being aidedor abetted by anyone at all fami l iar with either the .making

'

O i_ pictures o r the

equipment necessary._

W hile the catalogue did not say so , I got the impressionthat all the cameras l isted were just about automatic -when it came to makingpictures with them,

regardless o f the conditions.

But experience is a good teacher, and one Of the things that .I have learnedis that while every camera has its good

'

po ints and its failings : it will , if usedwithinthe scope Of its l im itations, deliver the goods. Since beginning I have usedcameras ranging from the Smal l film ones up to those using 6V2x8V2 . pla-tes .

I l ike them all and if I could “

afford it would have them all. Plates have theadvantage O f varying Speeds, grades, etc . , but they are bulky. Films have the

advantage o f compactness, but are a l ittle more trouble to handle and moreexpensive . My present Outfit consists of 3 3A Graflex fitted with a seven—inchBausch &

_

Lomb Anastigm at. W hile In using this largel lens, I sac1 ifice a triflein depth Of focus and width O f angle ;this, to myway Of thinking, IS Off set by

the increased size O f the image secured. In my work I Often find'

it impossibleto get

‘

as close as I would l ike to my subj ect or subjects, as the case may be.

A bucking bronco and"things o f that -

'

sort are not always the safest or easies’ tthings to approach

The people I work for own and Operate the S . M . S . Ranch o f somethingover four hundred thousand acres, stocked with high bred H erefords. They"enj oy the unique distinction O'

i doing a mail order business in cattle. Each

year they sel l , in small lots,“

some eight or ten thousand h_

,ead and while these

go all over the country, to practically every state in the Union, comparativelyfewO f the buyers come to inspect their cattle when Shipped from Texas in the

fall . In the main my duties keep me pretty close to the Office, but

Opportunities o ften permit me to get away and out on the ranch,

with the result that I am graduallyaccumulating a collection Of pictures thatare priceless to me . They

"not only represent a phase O f W estern l i fe that is

A CAMERA ON THE RANCH

A‘ERANDING SCENE DINNE R AT S . M . S . CHUCK W AGON

ONE OF TH E S . M . S . RANCH OUTFITS B E E F FOR D INNER'

fast disappearing, but each one .wil l later bring back pleasant memories of

the time when it was made. A picture o f the boys at work dragging a calffrom the round-up to be branded, an animal haying the ranch brand, S . M . S

burned upon it, someone riding a particularly bad bronc, others killing a beef

for the . chuck wagon, or. .a picture _

of the boys as they are later enjoying a

meal fit for a king;these and many Others make excellent subj ects. I f one has

BRANDING CATTLE ON S . M . S . RANCH

CAMERA CRAFT

A COV E Y POINT

ever experienced the pleasure and hospitality of a chuck -wagon dinner, he can

hardly look at a picture Showing the boys gathered around'

the back end of

the wagon,where the meal is served without a

_

longing for the welcome sign alfrom the cook, the hearty

'

command,“

Eat it up If he does not, he. either hasa bad case o f indigestion, or he is a very pecul iar person indeed.

The cowboy of the novel and the moving picture screen is a regular devilwhose sole occupation seems to be that o f gambl ing, drinking Or Shooting up

some tenderfoot.“

The cowboy, as I know him,is quiet and unassuming, a great

lover of the true and genuine, with a great detest for the unnatural and unreal .H e is o ften frank to the degree o f painfulness ; that is, when asked for his

opinion concerning a thing,he is as candid as he is unhesitating in expressing

his views. I f they are favorable, if he thinks a thing good, he merely says So

and doesn’

t slop over doing it ;but, if he thinks it bad, he readily calls it badwithout any apologies. H is judgment is uni form ly good, and in my work,

it

has been my aim and desire to make pictures that the bOyS would endorse.

W hile they would, to a reasonable“

degree, be will ing to pose and assist in mak

ing faked pictures ;that is, pictures in which the subj ects were posed to secure

an effect, I long ago learned that cowboys are much like chi ldren in this respect ;

you can’

t pose them to look natural . To get anything that is good, one must

catch them when at ease, when unconscious of the camera, when busy and

interested in their work.

The ranch headquarters and permanent line camps are generally occupiedby a married man, and the younger chi ldren are always such a source of pleasure to the boys, that the

'

wi fe and mother is often at her wits’ end to handlethe situation, and splendid subjects for my camera are o ften afforded. Then,

too , the opening of the hunting season provides me with the pleasure o f shoot

94

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-Enlarg.-ed

‘

Negatives"

By"Technic

‘

o

Some years ago I subm itted a numbei o f my plcture'

s, twelve Of them, to

an exh1b1tlonfi They were carefully Selected views, printed in carbon,from

5x7_negatives. I had done my best in Smaking the negatives, and spared no

time or trouble in getting ‘

the p rints as near perfect as possible. I_

had them

nicely framed and hung them on my al lotted wall,

space. Shortly thereafter

the managerOf the photographic section of the exhibition carrie to'

me, compli

mented me On my work, and asked if I had Other pictures available, as the wall ‘

Opposite my exhibit had not been taken and he did not l ike _

to leave it blank.

Learning that I had no others that I cared to Show, he sai d he would try

elsewhere to get something to fill the v '

acant space,—a

'

nd he did. H e went

to a commercial photographer and secured a lot“

o f 20x30 enlargements, made

from negatives that had been taken with no other Ob] ect than that o f showingthe timber on some wooded land in the vicinity. They certainly filled the

space, and they were, no doubt, qu-ite suitable for their original purpose, thato f getting the attention Of a possible purchaser o f timber land ;but they madeno claim to being either artistic or technically good. They had turned yel low,

the mounts were dirty, but they were photographs and“

.

filled the Space.

“

The

exhibition was a large one,with the result . that

'

visitors devoted only a few

minutes to each! department. They”

Would enter the room, glance about, and

then make a bee l ine for the large pictures which had first caught their eye ;

and then,having looked them over

,theywould pass on to the next room . Bad

as they were, these enlargements completely killed my modest l ittle prints overwhich I had spent so much time and trouble.

On the other hand, when I Show even a poor 5x7 . print to the owner of

a_

3%x4% camera,he

'

wil l say : That’

s dandy; I wish I could get pictureslike that even though many O f his

.

own smaller pictures may be better than

the one I Show him . There is no doubt about it, no matter. how. near perfect a

small print maybe, it is placed at a great disadvantage when shown in comparisonwith a large one.

“

W hen we come to the method of securing larger pictures, some workers,

mainly Old fashioned pro feSSiOnal photographers, wil l insist that the only wayto get good results is to take large originals. This involves

_

not only a cumber

some outfit, but the increased expense and inconvenience Of large plates. Thislast would not be so bad were it not that many

-

exposures a re not exactly whatwas wanted and the negatives are discarded. In addition,

the" large

“

camera

must be equipped with -a lens account O f its longer focal length,

much less depth o f focus ; a serious dl awback when conditions do not permito f a small stop being used. Then again,

others will advocate the making o f

ordinary brom ide enlargements, a method hav ing much to recommend it, but

one that deprives the worker Of any choice ln‘

the matter of the printing process96

ENLARGED NEGATI '

V ES

A TYP ICAL CALIFORNIA COAST SCENE B y CHARLE S A . HARRIS

used, and furthermore,Should one want a number -Of

_

. prints from the same

negative, he is compelled to’

use the enlarger'

for each One.

'

Com ing to the one remaining procedure,“

the making“

o f an enlarged nega

tive, we find all these Obj ections removed. There is, it is true, and added

expense for the two extra plates, one large . and one . small ;but, as We will o fcourse deal only with those O f our small negatives that are perfectly Satisfactory,

the added cost is not great. As compared with the making of large originals,the apparent cost is in real itya saving when one considers the '

proportion generally discarded. It 15 easy to make enlarged, dupl icate negatives from the best

o f our small ones, negatives that . Show no noticeable loss,

Of qual ity W here

the original negative is'

weak or flat, we canmake our enlarged negatives of

verymuch better qual ity;and, with. contrasty originals we can domuch to so ften

the hard, unpleasant high-l ights. W hen the original negative is one that requiresworking up, we can avo id that bete -noire

'

o f so many photographers‘

, etching or

knife work '

to remove or reduce objectionable l ights , and, best Of all, . we can

make our negatives suitable to anyprinting process we may elect to use .

The first requisite in making a dupl icate negative be it enlarged, decreased,

or the same size, is a suitable positive ; and this is where not a few workers

invite failure. The positive“

must not be'

snappy l ike_

a lantern sl ide ; it shouldhave no clear “

glass areas, but be Soft l ike an under1developed negative froma fully timed exposure. In fact, this positive should resemble a negative that

can only be printed .on"

a contrasty grade o f developing paper. Our positive97

CAMERA CRAFT

can, of course;* bep rinted on a dry plate by contactg just as it

'

could be printedon developing paper ;but, as a camera will

i

be .

’

required in making the enlargednegative therefrom, the better results obtainable make it well worth the l ittleextra trouble involved in using the enlarging camera, instead o f a printing frame,as SO o ften advised.

Any enlarging outfit that one may have, regardless Of its form , wil l do the

work satisfactorily.

“

I f none is available, Something sim i lar tO the one Shown

in the drawing herewith can be

fixed up quite easily and.

wil lbe found to give results equal tothose o f even the most elaborateequipment; The camera Shouldbe large enough to

'

take platesthe size required in the enlargednegatives ; but, as it is onlyto be used indoors, thecheapest

one obtainable will answer everypurpOse admirably. A large lenswill not be required, the one with Which the

'

original negative was taken will be quite satisfactory, even when the new nega

tive is much larger, because its position in relation to the plate is the same as

in ordinary enlarging. Using the small lens and working from a small positive, a camera Of moderate extension Wi ll perm it o f considerable enlargement,so that a special copying camera is unnecessary.

This camera is placed on

'

one end o f a table, hav ing its other end againsta window , this latter preferably affording a clear north l ight. The-l ight shouldbe Welll diffused by attaching a Sheet o f ground

-

glass, G G, to the window withstrips o f binding tape. Should the “l ight be uneven

,due to Obstructions opposite,

a piece Of prism glass having about eight or ten prisms'

to the inch, should befastened to the window, and '

the ground-

glass then moved to about three or

four'

inches therefrom. This will give the '

same effect as would a reflector placedat an

'

fangle outside the window, but be much neater because lying flat againstthe glass. B in the sketch is a shallowbox, used as a support for the smallnegative, or positive, as the. case may

“

be, so placed that the camera may lookinto it as .Shown. A hole, one- fourth inch smaller each way than the smallnegatives used

,is Cut

, as shown at N,so as to come directly in l ine with the

Camera lens thin strips o f wood being glued around the edges, so that the nega

tive “

fits snugly within.

-

'

TWO smal l “

springs or turn buttons serve to hold the

negative in place. I f found necessary,in order to secure go

‘

od diffusion o f the

l ight, one can f fix a piece of, ground

—glass against the other Side o f the opening

in the same manner.

To make the‘

small positive, load a smal l plate, a slow One, into the . holder,using a kit. W ith the negative in position in the box- like support, focus it

sharply and make , an exposure, taking care . not to cut“

the time too Short.

W hile the exposure required wil l be Short, it is quite impossible to say just what

it should be, a s SO much depends upon the density o f the negative and the

strength o f the l ight. W ith a good l ight, an average negative, and using Stopf-22 , five seconds would be a good guess for the first experiment. Develop this98

'

ENLARGED NEGATIVES

ROCK LA-BYE'

BABY By CECIL v . ASH BAUGH

positive in an ordinary plate developer, preferably “

the formula given by the

maker, taking care not to over-develop.

I f the exposure has been sufficient to al low the light to penetrate the densestparts O f the negative and development proceeds as it shOuld, the exposure can

be c onsidered as being about right. I f the development 15 correct, .a little execssive density

“

will -do no harm; but, if the positive looks bright and snappy, it

has been over-developed and making a good negative“

from it will .be almostimpossible. Having been careful not to get the positive too contrasty, we can

easily correct any flatness that existed in the original negative by simply developing it a trifle longer. W ith a l ittle practice, this procedure gives one such

control "

that be'

will Often find it well worth while to make a dupl icate negativejust for the improvement obtainable. By using a lantern sl ide or process platefor the positive ;and, in extreme cases, for the new negative also, -One can, by

A FOCiGY DAY -ON TH E CALIFORNIA COAST B y EDW ARD LAROCQUE TINKE

QI

;

CAMERA CRAFT

full development, make a passable new negative from an original that is quiteincapable o f itsel f producing a good p '

riHaving made the positive, if there is no hand work tojbe dOne on -

,It pro

ceed at once with the making o f the enlarged negative, as thewet emulsion willbe more free from grain than af ter it has been al lowed to dry.

.

Remove the

negative from the Opening in the box and replace it with the still wet positive.

Load the plateholder with the large plate required for the new negative and

proceed as before, remembering that the exposure is increased . as the square

of the increased camera extension . By varying the exposure. and development,we can get practically any kind Of a negative we may desire, dense or thin

, soft

or contrasty, to suit our printing medium,be it carbon

, platinum, or what it may.

And, by the way, if the new negat ive is intended for carbon,just reverse the

positive when placing it before the -

'

camera and the negativewil l be suitable forSingle transfer. Given a positive that 15 So ft and full o f detail , the making o f

a gOod enlarged negative is a very S imple“

matter ; and, with a good . enlargednegative, the making Of good prints is a pleasure, but one has the advantage

“

Of a wide choice o f printing processes .

Most negatives require, for the best results, more or less dodging in printing. By

‘

making an enlarged negative, as described, the worker has a double'

chance O f doing this. Parts held back Or shaded in making the positive wil l beinfluenced in just the opposite manner from parts so dodged in making the

new negative. W hile more'

elaborate dodging or control is required, one can

flOw the back o f the original negative, or the positive, with ground-glass substi

tute and apply crayon sauce to the parts that are too thin. Or, if preferred, a

piece o f ground-

glass can be attached to the back Of the negative, and the same

procedure fol lowed. Any excess crayon sauce can be removed with a pencileraser.

W hile I have no intention o f go ing into the detai ls of retouching, In thisarticle, I

’

should point out, for the benefit O f the many r'

etouchers’

who detest

the use o f the kni fe or etching tool , that this way Of working makes it possibleto a void etching, even when the original portrait negative is one demandingsuch Work. One c

'

an ’ easily see that'

by using the penci l on those parts of the

positive that should have been etched in the original negative, the same resultisachieved. And in conclusion,

let me say that form idable as these instructionsmay seem , the photographer, with a very l ittle practice, should have no troublein making a new negative and getting it into the hypo ln hal f an hour from the

time he starts.

Harmony in painting is the connection and agreement Of one part with

another, either as regards form , l ight and s hade; or . col'

Or : this . agreement

proceeds either from a succession O f the same for'

ms in different -degrees o f

distinctness, such as ariseWhen we cast a stone into water, producing a succes

sion -o f undulating circles, or by one fO'

r

'

in depending upon its adjo ining for

its completion and unity, as is the case in poetry;or the harshness Of isolatedforms may be broken down, and harmonized with thewhole, by their beinghinted at, or faintly repeated 1n various portions Of the picture.

—] OH N BURNET.

An Improv ised . Dark-RoomBy Keith Koons

W i‘

t h I l l u s t r a t i o n s b y t h e A ut h o r

Prior to last May, I was a prominent, or I might say, notorious member.

of the Southern Cal i fornia Camera Club. The Government, however, decided,about that t ime, to remove me to El Paso,, Texas , so I donated and traded mystock of photographic chemicals and paraphernal ia to other members o f the

club, intending,to foreswear photography. But, only

'

a few months elapsedbefore I was forced . to

'

the conclusion that :“

Once a bug, always a bug,”

and

SO decided to equip my bathroom as a dark-room and resume my activities;To

“

camouflage the W indow, I used a red flannel . blanket from the hOtel

bed, fastening'

it'

in place with push pins. At a cabinetmaker’

s I found a

piece Of l ight, three-ply wood, three feet square ;and this, after being covered

with ten cents worth of oil-clOth, was placed on top o f the tub to accommo

date my apparatus. Three granite ware trays, 7x9, costing thirty-five cents

each, are used for all'

work.

For a p rinting box I took an ordinary tin cracker container, eight incheswide, twelve inches long and

.

ten inches deep. A light wooden f rame was so

c'

onstructed that it would '

fit into the ”

boxwith -its side bars . or members aboutone and one-half inches from each Side, and about . four . inches from the top.

This frame carries three fifty—watt“

Mazda lamps, two On one side, and One on

the other. As regular Sockets cost money, and none . could be “

fOund ,holes

were Cut in these side bars and the fifty—Watt lamps screwed therein. To make

the proper’

connections, some brass picture“

hooks were flattenedlgut, cut into

strips, holes punched“

in them, and two o f“

these screwed to the .bars at each

bulb in such a position that the‘

end o f one. came in contact with the threaded

portion of the lamp stemand the other in contact with its extreme end. W ireswere run along the bars and contact made with the the, screws holding the

brass strips, thus wiring the three globes In parallel .In One com er o f the frame, on an extension o f one o f the strips, a small:

globe was attached In the same way, and covered with a red Cloth. This wasso wired that when the white l ights were switched Off a red light Was on.

-W hen

the frame with the lamps was placed in position in the box, the three“

fifty

watt Mazda lamps were supported horizontallym a staggered row, two extendinginto the box from one Side and one from

'

the other,with the Small red l ight

in one corner near the bottom . A fi fty cent‘‘

t -wo-way’

switch was purchasedand attached to the front of box with small machine screws. To this the

'

wires

were connected in such a way that with the handle ,

“

to the left the red light ison and the white ones Off and when to. the right the white or printing"1ights

"are

“

on

and the red one Off . -An .Old fiber shoe horn -was soaked in water, flattened out,’

101

CAMERA CRAFT

and two contact term inals, requisitioned from an Old electric iron, were attached

thereto . This was fastened,-with small bolts, over an Opening in the end o f

the box and the wires from theglobes and switch connected. The cord o f

the same electric iron is used to make connection between theboxand the wal lsocket, and this -is found more convenient than the usual cord, as there is noneo f the twisting involved in the use of a screw socket at both ends.

Ordinarily only one sheet O f“

groundglass is used for diffusion. AS the

l equired size is quite expensive, I made my own, using five cents worth Of NO

120 carborundum powdel To do this, simply . lay one Sheet o f glass on a per

fectly smooth and level surface, throw on carborundum and water, and then

rub another sheet Of glass over it, usinga circular motion. In about ten min

utes you wi ll have two Sheets o f groundglass as the result o f your work. Some

times the glass is not quite flat and l ight Spots or“

holes” will occur. These

may be rubbed out by using a sma ll -

piece Of glass and some o f the powder

and water directly over them.. The .top o f the box was faced with l ight strips

o f wood, Slotted to receive the groundglaSs . To print the negative,’

the paper

and the matte are laid upon the groundglass top o f the box and the first twocentered by means o f the small red l ight in the bottom of the box. A cigarbox full o f sand, with a handle attached to the top and a piece of felt glued to

the bottom ,

'

is ‘

placed on top to hold paper and negative in good contact. The

switch'

isthrown over to the other side and the exposure made. This procedureis much quicker than that n ecessary in using a printing frame, but o f course it

does not permit Of“

dodging”

.

'

W hen'

this last is necessary, the printing box'

is

turned on its Side and a printing frame used. This box accommodates negativesup to 6V2x872 size ;and, using the three, fifty-watt Mazda lamps, ordinary nega

tives require from two to ten seconds’

exposure.

W ith a black cloth cover, one having an opening the Size“

Of the '

negative,to pull over the topo f the box whenever the white light is turned on for printing,

development can be carried on uninterruptedly at the same time.

'

The bath

tub makes an ideal washing box,into which the prints. are dropped as fast as

developed and fixed. A smal l funnel is inverted on a piece o f gasket rubber, in

which'

is'

a hole coming directly over the drain. .The water enters the tub

through a hose at the Opposite end and overflows through the stem o f the

inverted funnel '

as it rises high enough to do SO.

This same printing box is also used to form an enlarging apparatus by’ fitting

to it an Old NO. 3 Brownie enlarging cone with the center partition arranged to

take a NO. 3 Special shutter and f—6 .

-3 lens. An extension was built on the largeend o f the cone tO accommodate the increased focal length o f this lens. W ithtwo Sheets o f groundglass for dif q ion, a negative is enlarged to

6%x8V2 in from forty seconds to two minutes on P. M . C. bromide paper.

To develop films a lamp was made by taking a cigar bo. fitting it with a

ruby and an orange glass, and suspending a small electric globe inside. Thislast was fitted to a Socket made

“

byboring a hole in a block“

o f Wood, and

arranging connections in the .Same manner as in the large box. For bromide

or Velox paper developing, the ruby glass is removed and only the orange

glass used.

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CAMERACRAFT

last was suspended, by three six- inch lengths o f small chain,a three—pronged

piece of tin cut from'

a tomato can. On these last rests the two small aluminumtrays, used as scale pans . This part O f the

.

clOck Carrying the brass beam was

mounted On a small block O f wood which in turn is supported, =

_

at the proper

height above a heavy wood base, by means O f a stout wire standard. PiecesOf lead were hammered out and from these weights were cut; an Obl igingapothecary perm itted the use Of his scales for determining the proper size o f

pieces to make the five ten and, twenty gram welght. Other sizes Were com

puted from these, small bags o f shot being used for the hal f ounce and ounce.

This entire equipment for converting a bath-room into a dark—room for

developing, printing“

and enlarging, cost less than three . dollars ; '

and,insofa

as rapidityand convenience is concerned, the printing box Could wel l be usedfor a l im ited amount Of commercial Work.

N. B —. A fter writing the above the author finds himsel f again transferred

(however at his own request) to a branch o f the Government service in France,where he takes up his duties Some time in March and Where he will

, no doubto f necessity,

again forswear photography, at least during the duration o f the war .

An Improv ised Stereo Equipm ent

By J ohn B . Gale

W i t h I l l u s t r a t i o n s b y t h e A u t h o r

I have long been an ardent admirer Of'

stereoscopic views,my interest inthem antedating my taking up

'

o f photography.

I“

Feel ing that I could not afford

to grati fy my taste in that direction to the extent o f ' “

another and larger camera,

’

ll‘

OI

ZE JEW E LS TH AT JACK FROST B E STOW S

AN IMPROVISED“

STEREO EQUIPMENT

I dev ised a Simple piece O f apparatus, Shown .in the illustration herewith, thatperm its me to make Stereograms of inanimate subjects with my ordinary 34 x4Acamera, making two

separate exposuresfor the two requiredelements o f the com

p l e t e“

stereoscoplc

picture .

T h e illustrationmakes a descriptionalmost unnecessary.

The'

part shown“

in

the'

center“

is fittedw ith a tripod screw

to Which'

the camera

is attached, the base

o f the device itself being fitted with a bushing that permits of its attachment to

the tripod. The first mentioned or Sliding part al lows the Camera to be pushed to

one end o f the device, an exposure made, then pushed to the Other side and the

exposure repeated. The whole thing“

IS very simple, an extra tripod screw and

bushing being about all thematerial required. The"ends o f . the rods are“

set

just'

_

a trifle further apart than the holes in . the Sl iding portion, so that“

the

latter'

:

pinches a littleand '

holds the slide '

fai'

rly tight when shoved to either Side.

There is, I should explain, a screw that goes through the Side of the Sl iding portion and engages the Shank Of the tripod screw that holds the camera. This -doesnot Showln the picture, but 15 important, as it perm its the Camera to be screwed

down tight.In reality, this device, if made somewhat longer, would give better “

results,

10 111 FORMAT ION ON TH E B OUGH S OFA TRE E

CAMERA CRAFT

in a great many cases, than would an ordinary stereosc0pic camera. This forthe reason that the amount o f separation between the position of the lensin making the two elements of the picture could be altered to correspond, as it

should,with the distance o f the view. The amount o f separation given the

lenses in a stereoscopic camera is that best suited to an ordinary . view;_ nearObj ects, Such as stil l l i fe Studies and the l ike, being rendered with a distortedperspective, owing to the separation being too great ;while distant views are

lacking in proper amount of perspective, because the separation is insufficient.W ith this device -o f mine one could easily l imit the separation to a distance short

enough for very near obj ects, and increase it to the ful l capabilities o f the two

rods for distant‘ views.3

The“

pictures herewith record ‘ic‘

e formation on the boughs o

i

fn

different tree'

s

during a . recent storm. They were made on a dul l day 1n December at about

A.M . An Eastman film was used and an exposure of one-fifth second

gi ven w1th stop f-16 ; It was raining at the time, _

.but an umbrella in the

hands O f one o f my children protected the camera and mysel f, while the expo ~

sures were being made. I f one will exam ine them by placing the page _

in

position on a stereoscope, I think they will agree that the effect is much more

interesting than when looked at in the ordinary way. Such pictures as these

are much superior, in the stereoscopic form ;and, where no movement prevents,this

'

simple dev icemakes an ordinary camera ful ly equal to '

the requirements.

Those D istant V iews

By B:F. Loom is

W i t h a n I l l u s t r a t i o n b y th e A u t h o r

'

A few days .ago I was comm issioned to make a photograph _to include

part o f a

'

house in the intmediate foreground, a cluster o f buildings in the

.middle distance, and old Mt. Shasta some hundred miles in the extreme dis

tance. I explained that this was a rather large order for a small plate, butI would try and see if it could be done. Difficult pictures always have a strong

appeal forme, and I was only too glad to undertake the task .

My 6V2x8% camera was loaded with a~ Cramer Instantaneous Isochromatic

plate ; and,my two ray filters, one a five-times Bausch Lomb, and the other

a Goerz Medium three-times One, were both placed in front of the lens. Tak

ing out the front combination of the'

lens gave me a focal length of Sixteenand one—half inches, practically a telephoto lens. The stop. used was marked

f-22, and it may be well to explain that I use the D set of Bausch Lomb

Frotar lenses, which has the f—valve o f the stops for all the combinations, marked

on the case o f the Volute shutter. The-re is, therefore, no guesswork and no

figuring as to the value of the stop, as one need only note the focal length o f

106

THOSE DISTANT VIEW S

RANCH W ITH MOUNT SHASTA IN TH E DISTANCE

the lens Or lens combination used, and then look for that length on the scale,where all the var1ous stops are marked O f course, stop f with the sixteenand a half inch f ocus is not the same as for the other combinations ; for, whilewith this focal length the diaphragm is about three fourths inch in diameteron Some .o f the shorter focal lengths the same stop, f 22 is only about half aslarge. I . gave theplate an exposure o f eight seconds, and that was none too

long. This goes to show that Mr . H ood’

s plan“

o f increasing the exposures bymultiplying together the ‘‘

times”

o f the twofilters and using the product, ratherthan their sum , as a multipl ier, .

_is themost satisfactory. The right exposure

for the unscreened lens would have been about one—hal f second, as the reader

can figu re from any exposure“

table , _using the data given. Multiplying by

_ e ight, the sum'

Of the times”

o f the two filters, would have given “

four seconds

a s the exposure.- Multiplying . by fifteen, the product o f the two

“

times” Of

the filters multipl ied together, gave seven and one-hal f seconds, the exposuregiven. I used ah-old developer , as such a one contains more bromide than When.

freshly. made, and thisholds back_

the sky and the distant'

view. _The result is.

a more uni form negative, one that brings"out, in.

'

this case, the distant mountain,much better than would a fresh developer, had it been employed“

.

Last winter I told, in these pages, about my experience with multiple ray

filters, and,

the pictures publ ished therewith attracted considerable attention.

The Bausch Lomb Optical Company requested one of my p ictures for theircatalogue, and that leads me to think that these very di stant views are not common. I .am , therefore, giving all the details in '

order that anyone can'

do equallywell should they take the pains to try out my plan on a l ike subject. In this .

107

CAMERA CRAFT

instance I not . only got the distant“

peak, but also a Small cloud that floatedjust above. It is perhaps needless to say, with the

I

shadoWs so well defined,that the picture was taken about ten A. M ,.in bright winter sunlight

I do not claim .that the result is either picturesque or artrst1e as I have read

perhaps a thousand pages concerning l ines, balance composmon etc., and yethave no clear conception o f what constitutes an artistic picture in . the learnedacceptation o f the term . I have read what some art critics had:to say inwholepages o f commendation concerning a fuzzy kodak print that the most primitivesnapshotter could d upl icate with his eyes shut,

I

‘

an'

d‘

I

yet II ‘

f'

ailed to see the

artistic side Of the picture. I real ize, however, that two or three nursery trees

and a few hop poles do notmake a very picturesque foreground and my apologyis that I took this pictures because .it was ordered.

Mr: Brawfie’ffisfI

CriticismBy F.

"Mor.risI

Steadman

On re-reading the first partI

'

o f my September article; I find”

that . Mr.

Browne is justified in say1ng, as he did inI

the January issue,that I '

refute mysel ftherein. In . saying that the so-cal led “

law o f inverse squares”

is inI

no waya law o f l ight intensity, my words were not well chosen. I should have said

that it is not a basic law o f l ight intensity._

I also find that, while I argued

against theexplaining of l ight intensity by means of a mental picture of a pointl ight source and diverging rays, I did not make it clear, in Short, direct sentences,that I considered this point source idea the one great fallacy. This fallacycorrected, the erroneous appl ication o f the law o f inverse squares to diverging,

instead o f to converging l ight, becomes apparent.

Since not only Mr. Browne but other gentlemen, whose letters have beenforwarded to me, hold that I am confused as to this law o f inverse squares,

let me make a clear statement o f my bel ief as regards light intensity. I cOn

demn entirely the idea, when associated witha consideration of l ight intensity, o frays diverging from apoint source. I hold that l ight intensity is ,

not created by

rays that diverge from apoint. In‘vision we diff erentiate between the fine .points

seen on any surface, and in photography we recognize the individual ity o f each

grain o f the Sensitive salt in our emulsion, the different amount of light thateach receives duringthe exposure being the measure o f the variations in resultant opacity when the plate is developed.

I adm it that, should “

one be w ill ing to reason from a non-existent condition , such as that o f intensity being created by the l ight radiating from a tech

nical point, the law o f inverse squares can easily be proven true. In my former

articles I have shown that a cone o f green cheese wil l also conform to the law;

since, if bisected at a given distance, and again at hal f such distance, from the

apex o f the cone, the areas o f the faces produced w ill be as four to one. To

quote from my former articles, the law o f inverse squares“

is a geometric lawthat has to do with the form and

’

not with the'

thing itsel f108

IN AN ITALIAN_

GA

I

RDENB y E DW ARD LAROCQUE T INKER

CAMERA CRAFT

Mr. Browne has apparently overlooked the relative importance of the ideaspresented in my

I

fo rmer articles, perhaps" because of my carelessness .in the

wording, as I have already explained.- Thii dea o f

'

convergent l ight is not

new ; it has been applied to the function of Ienses since lenses have been . used.

And I am only laboring to bring about a general recognition o f this same lawand its application to the natural conditions o f i llumination. W hile I hold as

erroneous the appl ication o f all intensity laws, including - that o f solid'

angle

to the po int source idea,as

,also the bel ief that .the law o f inverse squares

is abasic lawo f light,' I bel ieve in and accept the latter as fully as does Mr.

Browne and the ookS, when appl ied to diverging . light. In the”

unit’

system

o f photography, the lawo f Inverse squares l S employed as .a practical,not as

a basic, one. Applied to converging l ight, the error or depature from the'

truth resulting at each“

multiple o f zthe source’

s diameter is‘

a matter of computa

tion,and

“

therefore is not open to argument. . There c an exist “

a“

differenceo f opinion as to the amount

'

o f error necessary Ifor“

inaccurate results but the

amount of error itsel f 1S computable.

Taking the sol id angleI

cOne that I have selected as theunit in my system,

the form f 64 or one resulting from the sixteenth Subdivision of a hemisphereit is found that at sixteen diameters from the l ight source the error involvedamounts only to seven one-hundredths of One per:cent, or practically the Same

as no error at an. At four diameters fI

_rom the l ight source the error has

reached five per cent, an extent having absolutely no noticeable effect .in any

sort of photographic work, as any practical photographerwil l agree. In my,un1t

system o f photography,

I I-I accept a convergence resultingwhen the opening is

only one diameter o f the source frOm that Source, notwithstanding that thisintrodu‘ces an -fer

I

ror o f“

eighteen -and“

one-halI

f per cent. T his convergence givesa cone having the form o f f-l , equal to one-eighth the

I

soli'

d"angle o f a hemisphere, one sti ll appl icable in photographic practice ; Ibut, _

as the opening is

brought nearer the l ight source,the

'

law .Of inverse Squares departs violentlyfrom

,

the truth, Since the spherical nature of the l ight convergence must bereckoned with and distance and area cease to be factors.

W e are_

taught to base our idea of l ight intensity on a mental picture o f

l ight diverging from a point, and we are told that the law of inverse squares is

only true when appl ied thereto . In criticism,let me say:

First, natureI

has no po int l ight source ; second, the law of inverse Squaresis, as Mr. Browne has stated,nOt appl icable to natural illum ination ;third, other

o f the critics say,quite truthfully, that the a rea of the surface i llum inated is

not aI

factor of its' intensity and, fourth,

myc ritics, while holding to the proposition stated above, also _ explain how . the intensity law of inverse squares can

be proven true for a point source, by making the illum inated surface alter itscurvature at each change o f distance in order that it may retain its concentricform in relation to the point l ight source, despite the fact that i llum inated sur

faces, in nature, practically never take such form .

I would ask : How is it possible that the form“

of an area can prove thetruth. o f an intensitylaw,

I

.when the area itsel f is not '

a factor ?_

These gentlementake the form o f a thing that is not a factor o f . intensity,

in order to prove true110

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

A Pro fitable Side -Lme

By Frank B. Howe

‘I

The photographer in the small town where. the opera house is visited nowand then by a small repertoire or vaudeville company, and his brother in the

large city with its ten, twelve, Or more theatres, are overlooking an exceptionalchance for extra business if they do not put forth an effort to get the job of

making some of the thousands o f photographs required each year by theatr icalpeople.

Probably the theatrical business“

uses more pictures, as a business, than

any other profession. Photographs are needed for newspaper reproduction,

for display in the theatre lobby, to send ahead to the next town for adver

tising, and for numerous other. purposes.

_

It is indeed rarely that a

'

newspaper

returns the picture or that the picture _is

‘

fit for further use afterII

standing a

week in'

some dusty theatre lobby.

'

Consequently the supply constantly has tobe refreshed, and therein l ies a go lden field for the photographer

‘

who can

do satisfactory c opying.

The reason forthis is simple . An act or Show Starts out from NewYork.

Itm ay mm for five years or it may fai l the next week. Consequently, it may

need a dozen pictures or a thousand dozen before it gets done . W hen it starts,

original pictures are taken, but enough cannot be . ordered toI

exactly last theproduction through its uncertain length of li fe without danger o f having fartoo many, yet , it is necessary that the s ame pictures be used in each city. S o

only a few are ordered ; and, as the supply runs low, the photographer in the‘

particular city where the Show happens to be, is visited and an order left forsufficient to last eight or ten weeks longer. Therefore - the photographer who

can do good copying and get the work out in a reasonable time can find a good

field for a side l ine requiring no new materials or outlay.

VVhI

at is most used in satisfying the needs o f this pro fession are 6 /2x8Aor 8x10 bl -ack and white, semi gloss reproductions . from . originals, on double

weight white paper, unmounted and not backed, in quantitieS'

o f twenty-five,

fi fty, one hundredI

or more from the same negative, just as they'

come from

the printing frame. Generally a quarter—inch white border is desired.

AS to pr1ees, it is customary to charge from ten dollars to thirty-five

dollars per hundred for reproductions as herein described. The average is

about twenty dollars for good work. I f sepias are wanted, or some.Speciai

finish desired, an advance is permissible.

To get the orders, One must sol icit, for it is to be remembered that t he

actor or manager is a stranger in town. The_

way may be well paved by a

judic ious arrangement with the manager"

whereby, perhaps, the photographer

makes some pictures of the theatre or its manager in return far the privilegeo f hanging, in the dressing-rooms, smal l cards stating that :112

A PROFITABLE SIDE-LINE

A‘

D IA M P v R o S'

TIAe

123 First Street, Yourtown, Cal.

SPECIALIZES IN THEATRICAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Best Qual ity _

Reproductions

at .Lowest Prices

Armed. with “

a book o f samples andI

with some specially printed businesscards, s omething l ike this :

Qual ity Reproductions. Lowest Prices

A DA M

Theatrical “

Photographer

123 First Street '

Yourtown, Cal. ,

the photographer sets-forth in Search of. orders.

Vaudeville is the most profitable field, “

for each act has to furnish its own

pictures.

'

The best time to visit them' is -

at night, after the act-h as finishedits first Show. By the use o f Small c hange, or possibly -by making a dozen ,

pictures of“

the wi fe” ,the stage

'

doorman can be prevailed upon to admit thephotographer to the o theatre

’

s stage. The actors will be found lounging around

in the wings-

or dressinga rooms w'

aiting until i t is time '

toI

“

gO on”

for the

second Show. The manager of“

each. act can easily be ascertained by Inqul ry’.

and it is then a mere matter of business to introduce onesel f, show the samplebook and take orders.

Inthe dramatic and muSIcal comedy companies, it is only necessary to see

the show’

S manager, Which can be done during the day, usually at the officeo f the house manager . W ith

I

these shows, there is no need to interv iew individual actors or

“

to go back . of the stage, since the company“

provides all

necessary pictures .

I

There are, o f course, other . opportunities“

that will present themselves,once the photographer becomeS

I

established, varying with local conditions. Once

in a while an act may.want some_

new originals taken. As a rule, this must be

done on the stage , using flashl ight ; although,if the

'

scenery is not required,

113

CAMERA CRAFT

they can be madeI

in the studio . A stock company, staying week after week

in a c ity, presenting different plays, is likely to need originals each week and

it is well to interv iew the manager o f such a company. These pictures would,o f course, be taken on the stage, by flashlight.

'

In this case, the use o f theatre

spotlights, which are arc- l ights and therefore Ivery actinic, is Of . great“

help.

Post cards, either originals or portraits reproduced“

on post cards, are

sometimes very salable , and other novelties, such as the Taprell Loomis leathergoods with smal l portrait reproductions or l ittle pictures of the act or shOw

may be found to go Well . These extras work themselves out diff erently withvarying local conditions and the

“

alert -

photographer Wi ll be able“

to devisenumerous l ittle S ide- l ines:

I

This 1s a field_

o f which surprisingly few photographers are aware, and

the man who g1ves it a trial is “

_

not likely to beI

disappointed in results if heproduces the

“

requisite qual ity of work. AS M ilton W a ide Would say,“It

’

s .

all velvet,I I

for whatever-is made this way does not aff ect the photographer

’

s

regular business and puts him to no extra expense. And pictures, in'

the

theatrical business, are a necessity, not a luxury.

’

PARAGRAPHS PHOT OG RAPgH ICKind ly Contribu ted by our Readers

A SMALL SAVING : The making of brom ide enlargements is no Small partof my work, and until recently a good part o f my waste

—_paper basket contents

consisted of the nice strong black envelopes in -Which each dozen Sheets of the

paper was packed. Now I save them all, paste my business sticker on thecorner,use a white penci l for writing the name and address o f

I

the customer, . and

del iver no small part “

of my work in them . They= do not lOok like a make-Shiftin fact

“

, have quite a novel and business- like appearance. One of my customers

even went so farI

as to ask me if I wasn’

t getting a l ittle “

high-toned”

, usingsuch good enclosures in which to Send

“

out my prints.—W . A. Cal i fornia.

FIX ING ENLARGEMENTS . I as not know the chemistry of the matter

but my experience has led me to firmly bel ieve that an acid alum fixing bathis not conducive to the permanency o f bromide enlargements. The in effect

o f a strong acid upon the hypo o f the bath can be avoided by using potassiummetabisulphite, this last hav ing nearly if not all the clearing quality Of the acidalum concoction . It is best used by making a so lution o f . one ounce o f the

metabisulphite to every four ounces o f water o f the stock solution, and then

using o f -this last about four ounces to every p int o f the hypo solution. I f

the metabisulphite is not easi ly'

obtainable, sul '

phite o f .

'SOda can be used for

making up the stock so lution in the same proportions and adding sixty dropsof sulphur ic acid to every four ounces o f the solution.

_In adding this stock

so lution to the fixing bath, use only about one-hal f as much as recommended

for the metabisulphite solution — H . Y . N.,Missouri .

114

A PH O T O G R A PH I C MONT H LY“

V o l.XXI

V San Franc isco,Cl

alifornia,

I

-MarchI

, 1918 No . 3

Are. W e

“

T oo S eriousI?

“

W e are — and we Iare -.n. ot W e are, all of us, entirely too prone to take

ourselves rather too seriously, while falling far short of taking our work as

seriously as we should. The one who goes on from year to year, using hiscamera as a means o f securingan occasional batch of indiff erent mementoes of

a

I

trip'

or vacation,excuses his failure to show improvement by explaining that

he has not the time to go into the technique of photography, much as if do ing.so would really be somewhat beneath one whose time can be

“

so much better

o ccupied. The worker who has taken the time . and trouble to achieve a good

measure of technical skill, glories in his capabi lities and is perfectly Satisfiedtherewith. H e can assure you that he has thrown away, as defective

,many

negatives that were just asweird, as“

fuzzy”

and out—of focus as those used

in producing someof the things shown as artistic productions on the walls o f

the salons. The exhibition worker,I

the One Striving to produce the pictorial, hasonlysympathy for his brother photographer who has no appreciation o f art and

its requirements. And so on throughout the l ist. It 13 never a matter o f pho

tography“

, its requirements and its capabilities, but always the individual superiorposition in relation thereto

If we would but give the matter a l ittle serious thought, we might see the

wis m o f looking at our photographic work in a more impersonal ”manner

Do ing so ,

I

we m ight find ourselves with a more charitable incl ination towardsthosewhofail to agree With .our own ideason the subj ect. W emight evenreal izethat photography has

“

capabil it1es in a number of directions, and that these

expanded and enlarged as the effort arid appl ication Of the one who wouldavail himsel f o f them , are increased And another fact would become apparent,

thI

eI

rathI

er obvious one that, as‘

there is no one special field that can claim pho-

I

tOgraphy as its Own, the W o -rker in one field can learn from his co—worker in

another if he would but consider his wor“

,k rather than himself , of the maj'

or

importance.

The pictorial worker, the salon worker, could, “

in a large number of cases,

improve the pictorial . quality _

o f his work,by acquiring a greater command of

the technique o f photography. H e could profit also. by _ a closer Study o f the

ways and means'

employed byI

artists using other mediums, doing so W ith an eye

to their application to his .own Work . The photographer who sees photographicexcellence only in work o f high technical quality, should real ize that a knowledge of art principles, if appl ied, would add to the value o f his productions bygiving them an appeal toa larger number. H e could, with an increased appre

c iation o f photography and a decreased one o f his own importance, perhapsreal ize that the lack of “sharpness he finds in some I salon pictures may not be.

entirely without reason back of the intent.

CAMERA CRAFT

The -real truth o f the ’

“

-matter is that photography Will give us about what

we are wil l ing to put into it. The one Who has acquired an understanding o f

the principles o f art will find the camera and lens quite responsive to his desireforartiStic expression The individual W ho 18 lacking m an appreciation o f the

pictorial will , no doubt, find pleasure 1n achieving, to a greater or less extent, thetechnical excellence that the mechanical nature o f

.photography makes possible.

In neither case is there any reason for the assumption that photography has but

the one right and legitimate appl icat ion . Our own part is but a

I

srnall one, it is.

our work that ‘

really counts. And it is our' work that We Should take seriously.

I f we use the camera'

simply to record the scenes and events “

we may W ish to

recal l at a later day,let us make these records good examples of such work. W e

Should neith’

er belittle the efforts o f others who employ photography In a diff erent field, or exalt the sphereo f our own as the only one. Let us do our particularl ine o f work

I

as Well as we can and, in'

so doi ng, find thatmeasure o f satisfactionthat results from all work well done.

Goods That Are Not Advert isedW e are constantly receiving letters asking concerning the merits . o f

'

this

or that unadvertised camera, lens, plate, paper, or other photographic util ity

or material that.

has been brought to the attention o f the correspondent. Some

of these goods we know nothingabout, others we know-do not compare favorablyW 1th the advertised

_goods, and some few we bel ieve to be quite meritorious, andconsequently have no hesitancy

“

in saying so . But these inquirers do not seem

to realize that in writ ing us they are answering their own questions. Their

letters are the result o f their own lack o f confidence in such goOds,I

and thisdistrust is Well founded. The photographer knows . that

I

practically all . of the

equipment and material that he is using and finds satisfactory, has beenregularlyand consistently advertised in the better photographic magazines, and he quitenaturally feels some doubt as to the merits of goodsbrought to his attention ina less direct and logical manner. W e

'

do not mean to say'

that all goods not

so advertised are unworthy o f consideration ; but, the fact remains that the

unworthy, thel

unsatisfactory,

“

iIS_

not so presented. It does n ot pay to advertisean article that fails to give satisfaction. In a . few cases the producer, through

‘

the wrong presentation of his wares, found the results disappo inting, and therefore condemns advertising. But these cases are exceptions, and they are neverof any great importance, because the element o f success is lacking. So we find

that , generallys peaking, the manufacturer who fails to advertise has a good

reason therefor , and one such good reason is that his goods are not o f a qualityto produce repeat orders, the only kind that make advertising profitable.

A distinguished art critic h as remarked : The highestI

art is the im itation“

o f the finest nature.

”

That is to say,

“

the imitation o f that which Conveysthe strongest sense o f pleasure or powei in thesublime or the beauti ful . The

“ ideal in art”

is really the Selection o f a particular form which expressesmost completely some character or qual ity, such as beauty, activity, strength

and the l ike, and preservingI

the character consistently throughout its repre

sentation.

116

A. PH OT OG -RAPH IC D IGE STEd ited by H . .

I

D’A

I

rcy Power , M. D . , Burlingam e , Ca l ifo rn ia

”We t G elatine Emu ls io nsThe British J ournal of Photography

I

re

pr'

i-nts‘

the“lecture

_

by Charles M;I

ThomaS at

the Royal Photographic Society, _

as .below,

not with the idea that the“

details wil l serveany purpose other than that the hOme preparation o f gelatine

I

emulsion suitable for themanufacture of lantern plates o f S low

_speed.

It is pointed out that this is an“

unwashed

gelatine emulsion, . and therefore_

differs es

sentially from those-used for the coating of

negative plates and bromide papers. Sti l lthe instruction and formulae which he offers

provide the material for Simple experiment in

emulsion making, such“

as is within the ca

pacify of anyone having ordinary experiencein photographic work. Mr. Thomas said :

No investigations on the gelatino-bromideprocess, invented in 1871 by Dr . Maddox,

have been_ published in recent years, and

the reasons are not far to seek.

_The first

is'

the excel lence of th m odern dry plate“

,

and until lately its cheapness, which rendered

it unnecessary f or the private user to pay

any attention to emulsion making, and, sec-t

ondly, it is a -long process and invo lvesmany difficulties. The plates have, indeed,been improved Of “ late years and

“

the plat e“

makers have“

their own secrets, but“

save foran occasional note on

“

someI

additi'

on to se

cur

I

e torthochromatic qualities, little . of any

importance has -been published.

I propose to demonstrate the making of an

emulsion and to Showthat it pays to make“

one’

s‘

own emulsion'

to produce“

a few plates,and at the same time

'

affords the opportunity

for e xperimenting, which was.my Own objectin taking up

_

the investigation. I w ished

to. try the eff ect o f“

addingvariOus'

substances

in thecompounding of the emulsion,and also

to see if an. unwashed emulsion exposed wet

would be Suitable for lantern- Slide making

purposes.I take thirty

“

grains of sheet gelatine such

a s is used in making jelly, soak it W el l indistil led water for two .or

I

three minutes,

and pour away the water to get

I I

rid o f dust

and so luble matter. It is placed inI

an ordi

nary b ottle ”

and madeI

up to oneI

-and a halfounces with distil led water, and steamed m a

W elbank boilerettefluntil thoroughly melted,

andI

IS then filtered.

While the melting 1~S'

I

takin‘

g place I weighou

I

t'

two g rams, _or thirty grains, of silver

nitrate, place ‘

it in a test-tube and cover itwith

_

a little distilled'

water . To pr'

eVentI

the

Silver nitrate a ttacking the;gelatine it shouldbe

I

acidified with“

one to two dropsI

of p ure

nitricI '

acid o f ten per cent“

strength. Two

drops are, perhaps, more . than enough, butit is

_.

best to err on the Side of having to'

o

much rather thantoo little.

The bromide I prefer to use i s the am

monium salt, as I. think it 15 better_

suited

for the wet emulsion than: potassium bro

mide. The weight of bI

romide theoretical lyrequired to convert the slver nitrate into

Silyer brotrI

ude and ammonium nitrate is in

sufficient, and gave meI

an insensitive emulsion .and much fog.

-'

I found by -tria l thatabout -S ixper cent over the theoretica l quantity was necessary.

I take one and a quarter grams,

“

or nine

teen grains, of ammI

Onium bromide“ and

dissolve .-it in a little distil led Water.

The melted gela -tine is divided in halvesin

I

two beakers or measures,_

the silver nitrateis added to “

oneand the ammonium bromide

to'

the other, thoroughly stirred or shaken up,

being warmed if necessary,_

and thetwo are

slowly mixed with continual shaking. This

mixing must not he .d one_

1n awhite light. As

theI

emulsion is Ivery Slow,I find that a

lamp screened with naphthI

ol. yel low and

orange gives a good light and is q uite. safe.

W henan emulsion to be used dry is being

made, it is said toI

be customary to boilfor three—quarters of an hour, pour into a

flat dish,al low to stand -til l set,

I

theiI

i squeezethrough canvas into Water, wash in severalchanges for from Six totwelve hours, drainfrom the water, treat with alcoho l and

117

CAMERA CRAFT

again re-melt With a proportion o f water

added. The object o f the washing is to re

move the potassium or ammonium nitrate,

which Would otherwise crystal lize out on the

surface of the plate.

I propose to shorten the process this evening, as the plates are to be exposed wet,and no crystals Iwil l form .

In the first place, I shal l add to the warm

emulsion four one-hundredths grain Of iodinediSS

I

olI

ved in alcoho l in order to get a cleanworking plate. I shal l then bo il the emulsion for ten minutes. If

'

the boiling is cori

tinued for a longerI

time, _

the emulsion wil lbe faster

, but wil l not set'

atI

the'

temperature

o f this room, Sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit.

W hen the creamy emulsion in the_

beaker

or bottle is removed “

from the . bOilerette it

is ful l o f bubbles, andmust be fi ltered.

I

I

To

do this we take a

I

little plug o f cOtton-woo lwetted with distil led water

, placed in the

neck o f a funnel , and allow the emulsionin the warm state to pass through. This Wil lremove most o f the bubbles and

“

the re

mainder wil l be got rid o f by adding from

twenty to thirty drops of pure alcoho l, Which

also facilitates the coating of the plates.

A smal l teapot is commonly recommended

for ho lding the emulsion during coating. As

you see,|

I am using amore primitive vessela lipped beaker. The emulsion is poured

on at one end of the plate, which is tiltedfrom side to side until evenly covered, and

is then laid on a coo l Slab to set.

Having coated some plates, and while waiting for them to set, the lecturer said that

the emulsion described would cost twopence

for sufficient to coat between two and three

dozen lantern plates, the bulk of the two

pence being for silver nitrate. TheI

cost of

glass would be extra, but most of hisI

audi~

ence would have by them waste negativesand slides which would only require cleaning.

_

This he did by boiling them in soda

water, washing them' in tap

-water, and’soak

ing them in a ten per cent so lution o f nitric

acid._

H e had"

been working during'

thI

e'

winter

at a temperature of forty-eight degrees Fah

renheit. In the summer time it would be

necessary to use a harder gelatine_

or to use

ice to lower the temperature of the coolingslab, otherwise the emulsion would not set.

Proceeding to expose and develop one

or two of the'

plates made, he said the Speed

o f the plate Would be about five H . &I

D . H e

118

had brought with him a fi lament lamp, buthe understood that the . electric current as

supplied to the society was at a lower vo ltage than

I

at,his home, and the exposure

would be largely guesswork.

It was found that the emulson on the firstplate was barely set, and ran during

_

the

exposure. The second plate Was set, but

the exposure given was rather short.

He commonly used, he said, pyro-ammon‘

ia

as the developer inI

cold weather and - Idiamidophenol in the summer.

The coating o f. paper with the Same emulsion

_

I

was, he said, very simple, although bewasted a good

I I

deal of time over it at the

beginning of his experiments. H e had firsttried W hatman

’

s drawing paper, which cock

led up on the slightest provocation and w as

very absorbent. After many trials he used

an ordinary parchment writing paper. H e

made .a frame the required size, squeezedthe thoroughly wetted paper on the bottom

o f it, and coated in the same way as plates.

H e diluted the emulsion with an equal quan‘

tity o f gelatine so lution, added a little more

alcohol , and coated at a lower temperature.

The great sources o f trouble he found were.

bubbles, not in the from -air .

in the paper. As soon as the emulsionWas set he transferred the paper, face up

ward,to . a sheet o f waxed paper, which he

pinned to his easel, thus giving himself a

safe margin to handle without having to

touch the emulsion . A number of enlarge~

ments made on'

the home-prepared"

paper

were passed round.

I

Some M isconc eptions In the Use o f

Ligh t Fi lters In Mu ltipleA very remarkable article, by W il liam

Hood, appears in our contemporary,I

Camera

Craf t, upon the subject of using ray-screens

or light-filters in multiple. As it is accom

panied by some very excel lent photographs ,which,

'

to all appearance, serve to confirm the

author’

s very e xtraordinary theories, we feelit desirable to go into the matter somewhat

in detail .The

”question of the action of several lightfi lters, when used together, has often been

discussed, and. many strange theories havebeen put forward. Thus, it has been argued

that two five- times screens used together

make a ten-times’

Screen,and also that

I

they

make a twenty—five times’

screen, the latterbeing apparently the opinion of Mr.H ood,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

CAMERA‘

CRAFT‘

f avors smal l stops. In the'

six results he

shows two are produced with f 16 , two w ithf 32 and two with f so the depth is

considerable.

It wil l perhaps be“

inte resting to quotehis details in the

“

case o f one veryo rdinary type o f subj ect that most of our

readers have had to Ideal With at times It

i s a woodland scene, taken under trees

through which gleams_

of Sunlight are perco

lating. The time is midday in October . The

a ctinometer time (W ynne p resumably) is

eight seconds. A seven and seven- eighths

inch”

lens at f—16 is used, and a spectrum

plate, of W ynne Speed 192. The fi lters are

two seventeeni times, one sixteen-times, and

o ne four- tim es, which, by Mr . Hood’

smethodof

“

ca lculation,together make

I

an eighteen

thousand,four hundred and n

'

inety—six—tim es

fi lter . The manner in which f rom these data

he arrives at the exposure is not exactlyc lear, but the final result gives an exposureo f no less than twenty-six

_

m inutes and

twelve seconds. Calculating, by W ynne, the

exposure . for such_

a. subject for a plate ofthis speed used without a fi lter, the time

works out at“

just about one second. Mr .

Hood gives about one thousand, five hundred and seventy—two times as long, So appar

ently he al lows .

_

less for the eff ect_

o f the

filters than'

his theory suggests, but stil lmuch more than can possibly be necessary.

Co lo r Sc re ens and Def inition“

One Of the obj ections which have been

raised against the use o f light fi lters isI

that

they are apt to interfere with the qualityo f the definition

, so that a negative obtained

by means o f one o f them will .be wantingin

I

fine detail : That this of ten is_So anyone

who sees much amateur work soon learns;I

but the loss of d efinition is not inherent in

the“

use o f .a color screen, nor is . it evendue to the use of a cheap one instead of a

screen with optically-.worked surfaces. It

isI

caused by a failure to recognize the con

ditions. o f fine, definition and to use the screen

properly to secure them. The subj ect wasd iscussed incidental ly at a recent meetingo f

the Royal . PhotographicSociety, and severalinteresting points were mentioned.

Difficultw ith the definition is not likelyto arise at .all in the case of the Ordinaryshort focus lenses, which are in most

_ gen

e ral use ; it is when long focus, large aper‘

ture lenses are used,a nd particularly in the

120

case instruments, that certain

precautions have to be observed if the def-inition is not to be impaired.

A 1 co lor screen“

may affect defimtion in

several ways. I f the lens is'

not very fullycorrected for color

, the light passed by the

screen may come to a different focus'

from'

the visual light used for focusing, -

and so the

platemay not be actually '

at the position o f

finest defin1t1on,no matterhowcarefullythe

focusing has been“

done. This has . g iven“

a

good deal of trouble in three-co lor work inthe .past, where light filters are used which

cut out large regions_

of the spectrum“

entirely.

It was not merely that. the picture“

had to be

focused With the screen in position, but it had

to be separately focused for-different screens,and this introduced difficulties in ‘

g'

ettingiall

three negatives identical in scale, so as . to

register properly. To meet this,“ lens makers

designed patterns in which the secondaryspectrum was very ful ly corrected, and the

trouble was thus overcomef It should be

mentioned that this particular' difficulty is

not removed by the use o f a very .

.th.inlightfi lter.

Another way . in which the _co lor screen

may affect definition is by alteri’

ng the focus

of the lens . for all parts of the‘

spectrum.

The glass of the screen acts as a magnifieror .supplementary lens, of a W eak

_

kind p'

er

haps,but enough to aff ect the focusing, Evenif it is optical ly flat, if it is introduced .be

tween the lens and the plate -it wil l havethe eff ect o f displacing the focal-_plane to an

"

extent equal to the thickness of the glass_

of

the screen.

'

This . can“

be al lowed for, and

gives no trouble“

if we are careful,always

to do the focusing while the color screen

is in position.

There is'

a third cause of poor defin1t1on,

and that 15 an irregula'

r'

action, Owing to the

screen'

not“

being quite flat and of_

‘

equalthickness throughout. This is the most seri

ous'fault o f

'

all, as it is not'

_

to be remedied

except by an alteration in'

the screen itself-zEven careful ly sélected patent plate glass isnot good enough when the conditions are

very severe, and the glass used must be

optical ly'

workedfi Nor is it enough to obtain

an o ptical ly worked screen ; it must be fittedcorrectly, and must

_

be free from any strain

likely to interfere with its figure. Dr. Mees

pointed out several y' ears ago in this con

ne‘

ction that the mere coating o f the glass

“

AI

PHOTOGRAPH ICI

'

DIGEST

with a fil -m o f gelatineI

.was sufficient_to

destroy its flatness— the gelatine as it“dries

contracts and so pul ls the glass as to giveits coated side a concave form; and he

described the methods which he had devisedto overcome this.

For ordinary work'

one can form a verygood idea -of the flatness o f

'

a screen by

observing the_reflected . images o f

“

some.

straight edge, looking obliquely at the glassThis is the way in which a piece of patent

plate 1s general ly selected . but at the R.P .S .

Mr. Ferguson described a finer test. To

make this, a distantI

object, such as a church

spire, is careful ly focused in a telescope,andthen the glass plate or the co lor screen is

put in front of the ob-I

jectI

glass. I f .the

screen was reallyflat, the spire could be seen.

just. as wel l as before;wherea s if there '

was

anything wrong the . spire would a ppear con

_

fused or slightly distorted.

Much o f the difficulty in the use of a

co lor screen in such conditions as we are

considering can“

be Overcome by doing away

with the glass altogether and using just a

thinI

‘

dyedgfilm ;and Ma jor Campbel l, at .. the

meeting referred .to, said that in

a gelatine fi lter placed at the iris diaphragm .

or thereabouts was best : it did not affect

the definition to any

I

extent so far as could

be discovered, ,,and could be used with dif

ferent lenses. This form of screen has the

advantage a lso that it is very cheap . and,

so far as we can see is open to no objection,

except that the film“

15 quite unprotected and.

so'

has to be handled careful ly.—

. R.fC. in

Photography.

Reduc ing Brom ide Prints l y , W ithout

Abras ion

H itherto it hasnot been a practical proposition to attempt much in the way o f localreduction on

'

-b1‘omide prints, except in the

case o ff large areas which could be treatedwith reducer whilst the print

_

was'

wet, and

those small blemishes which may be removedon the dry print byabrasive methods. Thereasons for these limitations are that all the

reducers recommended have been in waterysolution, and if fi

applied to a dry print are

consequently liable to cause a surface mark.

Moreover, if so used, even at the risk of sur

face marks, it is obvious such use must,be

extremely limited owing to the necessity of

washing off after the first application._On

the other used on a wet print, the

l

reducer rapidly spreads, and its eff ect can

neither be estimated with certainty nor can

it be localized.

The r ecognition o f these‘

facts led the

writer to the“

conclusion that if some reducer

could be found which was -so luble in alcoliol

or acetone, for -example —some'liquid

, that

is to say, for which gelatine has less affinitythan

“

it has for water,'but onewhich quickly

evaporates, and et lasts sufficiently long and

is sufficiently mobile to penetrate the filmthese difficulties would vanish ; and “

it wouldbe possible to carry

.

out reduction withI

a

brush on the dry print'

to an unlimited ex

tent.

Methylated spirit'

natur‘

ally suggested itselfas

_

the most suitable liquid. Acetone, owing

to the difficulty '

of obtaining it at the present

time, has not been tried. V ery few chemicalsused in reduction ar

'

e so luble in methylatedspirit. In fact, the list consulted

I

showed only.

two,iodine and potassium cyanide , and,

as luck would haVe it, these are the verytwo chemicals ‘

One would have chosen. For

iodine and cyanide together m ake anabso

lutely non staining reducer, and one which

has longbeen regarded as the ideal reducerfor bromide prints.

Experience soon showed that a so lutiono f iodine and

“

potassium cyanide in sp1r1t

acted exactly as was anticipated,-I

providedthe spirit was not stronger than about sev

ent-y—five or

. eighty perI

cent. -It was also

found n ecessary that a little . potash or am

monia should beI

present to prevent the

formation of blueI

iodide o f which

otherwise .would result owing to the pres

ence o f '

starch in the paper“

. A satisfactory

solutionI

W as prepared as fo llows:A . Iodine 12 grains

Potassium iodide 6 grams

Rectified spirit 1 fl. ounce

This is practica l ly the tincture of iodine

of the “

British Pharmaco‘

poeia”

I

BI

: Saturated .so' lution of potassium . cya

nide in pure rectified spirit contain

in'

g'

about twenty-five per cent of

added water"

,

Cyanide is, of course; a powerful poison,and must be treated as such.

C : Strongest so lution of ammonia.

This is the ammonia .880 of the“

I

Pharmacopoeia

”

IA-ll these should be kept in wel lstoppered bottles.

The working so lution - 1s prepared as fol“

121

CAMERA CRAFT

lows : .One dram_o f

“

A is taken, and B

is. added until the iodine is .deco lorized, and

about as much additional“ B is poured in to

makeI

the cyanide in excess. Then half a

dram o f C is added, or sufficient to preventthe so lution giving. a blue stain on paper. The

total quantity should measure_about four or

five drams,that is, the quantity of cyanide

so lution required will robably be‘

about three

d ram s for each dram o f iodine so lution. Cya

nide,however

,is of rather uncertain

strength, and at present it is not possibleto make the formula more definite than the

above.

The solution must be further diluted withsp irit in order to moderate its action

“

for

delicateI

work. W hether the -mixed solutionwil l keep for any pro longed period cannot yet

‘

be'

stated, but so far the mixed so lution_

ap

pearsgradual ly to deteriorate. The so lutionshould be water clear and colorless.

The dry bI

romide print, which may be in

black and white, for even‘

sulphide-to'

ned,

I

is

pinned to a drawing board, and the so lutionapplied with a suitable

I

brush to the parts it

is desired to l ighten the strength o f the so lution being reduced

‘ with a little methylatedspirit for parts in which the

_gradation is

very delicate, or which only require ex

tremely slight reduction .

The action of the reducer must bewatched,and as in some cases a few seconds only isthe time required

,there must be at hand,

in fact, in“

the -

,hand a small

‘

bit of“

cotton

or lint moistened with methylated spirit,

Which must be passed over the part the instant the action is seen to be sufficient, or

rather, perhaps, slightly before it is deemed

sufficient.I

This is fo l lowed by a'wipe with

a dry cloth, and the part is at once ready

for a further application o f the reducer, if

required.

Since the action can be so quickly repeated

without injuring or aff ecting the film in the

slightest degree, it will be recognized that

repeated action with a diluted so lution is

preferable to running the riskI

of over-reduI

c

tion with a strong one. On the other. hand,

a slight touch with strong so lution 15 some

times indicated. A few .trials wil l enableanyone to master the technique. The artistic

side o f the process- that is, the knowledge

as to what to l ighten— is another matter altogether, and is outside the scope of this article.

‘

The most suitable brushes are sables as

.l 22

used for oils, not the water co lor variety.

InWinsor_

and Newton’s Series 51, the No .

00 or 0 to No . 3 or 4 is useful. For large

areas a camel-hair brush may be used. TheI

sables should be wel l rinsed in methylatedspirit when laid aside.

It must not be considered that this pro

cess is recommended as a substitute for Spot

ting the negative, or removingI I

blemishes

which it is knownfrom the outset wil l haveto be removed, a lthough it is very usefulin these directions. The value of this method

o f direct reduction on“

the print is rather

in the great ease with which it enables theartistic worker to attain an extreme degreeof

_

refinement which could only be reached

by indirectI

methods after many laborioustrials. To the photographer accustomed to

the l imitations o f bromide work, the powerwhich it gives appears as something almost

uncanny.

"

Anov ious use-forI

I

the reducerI

is in mak

ing an enlarged portrait fromI

a smal l Original . The picture .

“

AnI

Italian Boy,”on the

previous page, is from a half quarter-plateful l length figure taken with the

I

reflex handcamera, and in the crdinary way the face

would have called for a considerable-amount

o f skilful retouching. As a matter of fact,

the negative was not touched.

I

All zthI

eworkon

“

the face which would otherwise havebeen done .by retouching _

was done -

on_the

pr int itself with the dilute solution .

- The

background also , so far as the reduction of

the darks was concerned, was done with the

so lution,in this case ful l strength, Of ,

course, in a background like this there is a

considerable amount of after work with

brush and pigment, .whic-h is real ly complimentary to the process

‘

of reduction. In a

future issue, with the editors’

permission,

I may dea l with a method suited to those

who have no technical skil l in the use of

brushes.

A more ordinary use for the so lution wil lno doubt be found in cleaning up foggy

prints,

I

the edges of postcards, or printswhich

are-

of ten fogged through the paper being

old or' kept under unsuitable conditions ;

probably a lso incleaning up vignettes it may

be usefhl.

It mayalso be used for negative work, but,owing to the thicker . coating of gelatine, _

not

quite with the same facility as on bromide

prints— T . H . GREENALL in Photography.

-Mak i'

ng G ood Po rtraits

-.The average amateur, judging from his

queries concerning the proper lens and other

equipment, labors under a wrong impression

as to what makes f or a'

good portrait ;rather,

what makes for_what they cal l Iand recognize

as roundness Iand modeling in a portrait. At

least, in the case o f smal l heads, the lens hasvery little to do with it, It all depends on

the lighting. A properly lighted head wil lhave roundness and modeling , be it photo

graphed with a Brownie or with the most

expensive large portra1t lens. A fair sizedhead photographed with a fair sized lenswith a fair sized stop may look entirelytoo“

wif ey to be satisfactory, showing skin

texture, f reckles and the like, much too

sharp ;but with proper lighting the modelingwil l “

beall that one Can desire. OvercomingI

the sharpness can be done by interposi'

n'

g,

when printing,I

a sheet of glass or gelatinebetween the paper and the

“

negative or bymaking the image ,

a little o ut of focus. in en“

largi'

ng. But no lens'

can cOnvey the qualityo f“ roundness if the lighting

I

is flat or other

wise unsatisfactory. The beginner‘

I

should,before he tries to improve his portrait workby purchasing a special lens, learn to get theproper lighting “

on the subjects thatl_he essays.

A good way to -do this is to -experiment -ith

some patient and Obliging friend ; and,if

one such i s not available, get a cheap plaster

cast of a head andI

shoulders and experiment

with that, .perhaps staining it a dul l buff tonein order

“

to get away from its glaring whiteness. And it is not necessary to make so

many exposures as one might 1mag1ne.

Studying the eff ect on the groundglass will

generally sufiice ;and later, as one continues

the study he wil l find that he can the

lighting, see the d isposition of the light and

shade, and,even recourse to the focusing

screen wil l be unnecessary. Of course, one

must first know something about the proper

distribution“

of light and shade on the face

to produce the modeling he'

wants. Take one

o'

fI

the heads engraved onour paper curren

cy and try to duplicate the lighting. Notice

that there is,

no absolutely white or abso

lutely dark portions; that the face is neverdivided;abso lutely equal ly as to light andshade, that: the highest light is on the temple,on one side ;that all the shadows fal l acrossthe face at an

t

angle of about f orty-five de

gfees ;that the shadow o f the nose, doing the

Same, just meets the corner o f the mouth;

thatI

'

_the chin, while a protuberance that

catches the light, does not do se to the same

extent as does the cheek, which last, in turn,

does so less than the temple, and so on. Once

you can so manipulate your . lighting, oby

placing the sitter in the right position beneathit, by softening it with a screen if too harsh

and by using a reflector on the shadow side

if . too unequal , as to produce a portrait of

this kind, the standardII

portrait lighting, youwil l be ;in a

'

position to attempt variations.

Later, you. can interest yourself ln the‘

slightmodifications that diff erent types of lenseswil l give.

Mak ing a Comparison

W e often find a worker that he

has determined which . is the best of two

plates, two papers, two developers, or eventhe best o f several,

I

by actual use ; and yet,

hehas done nothing of the kind. . H e has

used a,certain brand

I

o f plates for quite a

period of time, when someone or some Cir

cumstance causes him to try another brand.

The results are such that he feels_quite sure

thatI

the new_

~

plate is much better than the

one-

so long used, and a change is made.

._

But

there has been no actual comparison. The

better results may quite likely have been dueto acombination of favorable conditions that

would have operated just as wel l had no

change in plates been made I f an actual

comparison is to be made, one of each of

the two brands of plates under considera

tion should have been exposed onthe same

subject under identical conditions and then

123

CAMERA CRAFT

given the same treatment in development.Even then the comparison may not

_

be a fair

one, as the developer used‘

m ight be better

suited to one p late than tothe other“

.

I

W hat

the wor'

ker really .wants to know is hich

plate wil l give him the best results with hisown particular method of working. If he

feels like mixing up the developer that is

recommended by the manufacturer o f both

brands, wel l and good ; he can make the

comparative exposures and develop them

separately in their respective deve lopers. The

idea is, however, that a test, to be any test

Worth“

considering, should be made with

every variation in condition except that o f

the brand of the plate, eliminated as far as

possible. Then and then only wil l any variation in the result be somewhat due to a variation in the quality of the plate, paper, or

whatever it I

may be under examination. And

then the. experimenter has only determ inedwhich is the most suitable for his own meth

od . o f working. The plate that gives one

worker the best results may do exactly the

opposite in the case of another. The per

sonal equation enters into the question of

the satisfactory working o f diff erent pho

tographic products to such a great extent ~

that“

it must be reckoned with in nearly all

cases.

Sav ing HypoA correspondent writes to ask if there is

anyobjection to using the hypo bath inwhichprints have been fixed, for fixing plates. The

plan is an“

excel lent one for,

two good rea

sons.

‘

It economiz‘

es hypo and it enables one

to discard, without feeling that he is extravagant in the matter, a p rint

-fixing bath o f

whichI

he is not quite sure as to its fixingquality.

“

Put in the fixing tank for platesthere is no risk o f its not working properlyfor the reason that he

,

can always see when

the plate lacks being ful ly fixed, something

not so easy to determine in the case o f a

print.

Find ing the Fo cal LengthIn reply to an Ohio correspondent, we

would suggest a plan recommended in a re

cent,

issue o f'

the Amateur Photographer,

described as fo l lows : To verify focal length,put two lighted candleswith their flames; say,

thirty inches a part against a darkish wal lbackground, put the camera midway between

the -

candles, with the focusing screen ten and

124

one-half feet, one hundred and twenty-six

inches, away from a point midway betweenthe candles. Focus sharply - for the candle“flames and measure their distance apart

“

on

the groundglass, say three inches. Divide ob

ject thirty by image three, getting ten, which

cal l the “

ratio” or r. Ndw multiply object

to- image distance one hundred and twenty

six by r or ten, result one thousand two

hundred and sixty. Now add one to r, mak

ing eleven ; square this, getting one. hundred

and twenty-one . Final ly, divide one thousand

two hundred andjsixty by one hundred and

twenty-one, getting ten and four-tenths, the'

focal “ lengthI

of the lens.

“

This method is

quite simpleI

in '

practice, yet butI

seldommentioned.

II

Hydro qu inone So lu tion T urning Brown

In answer to an Ohio reader : Hydroqui

none,in the so lid state, or

I

as it comes in

the package or bottle, is only very gradual lyaff ected by the atmosphere ;and, while it may

become slightly brown,

“

' its strengthI

dimin

ishes but little if at'

I

all. In -

_

so lution, itoxidizes much more rapidly if exposed to

air, turning first yellowI

and then brown.

This is all the more rapid“ if the so lution

contains any alkali, and this last'

often hap

pens, even when -only'Isulphite o f soda has

been used in making up the solution, through

the latter containing an impurity of . an alka-I

line nature.

“

Mixed up with a perfectly puresulphite and a little acid,— just enough

“

to

assure the absence o f any alkalinity, the so

lation should, if“

well corked, keep for an ex

tended period. The necessary alkali so lutionshould be kept in a separate bottle and

added as the developer is required for use.

T ime o fI

T an‘

k D eveIOpmen t

An I l linois correspondent wants to know

if the time“

of development “

in a tank, the

temperature being constant, is the same for

all kinds o f plates._

It_

is not ; the fastest

plates or fi lms requiring about double the

time of the slower brands . The time givenWith the formula may general ly be assumed

to be about right for the most commonlyused plates. A very slow emulsion willrequire quite a little less, say from

I

twenty

to thirty per cent ;while an ultra rapid platewil l require somewhat more, perhaps ten or

fifteen per cent. For this reason it is not

advisable to develop very slow and“

ultrarapid plates for the same length of time.

_I. P. A .

I

Lantern SlidI

e Interchange

The Eastern Division o f . the -Lantern'

Slide Interchange is receiving the best of

support, some twenty-five or more activeworkers now being enrolled. It has been

necessary to send back to their makers several lots of s lides, due to lack of quality,but in every case the member sending them

has been found anxious to cc-operate in

securing t igh standard of work by makingthem over and of better quality , The firstcirculating set is complete and on Monday,

January twenty-first, was shown to the“

em

ployees of the . Sherwin-W illiams company,who expressed their appreciation and in

terest in the beautiful‘fwork. The second

set is well under way and will start on its

rounds as“

soon as completed Mr. Farrow,

the director, goesI

on to say that there is, of

course, a lot of work and some expense

attending his activities, but he feels that thepleasure the work has given him has

'

well

repaid him for his efforts.

Mr. Davies, who has charge of theW est

ern Division reports his set practically ready

to . go“

forward, o ne or two members being

rather dilatory after promising their ‘slides.

He suggests that our Pacific Coast membersinterested in lantern slides should not miss

this opportunity of seeing both theEastern

and W estern sets but at once send in five

of their own slides forI

the latter.

O fficers of the I . P. A .

F .

I

B. Hlnman. Pres ident. 1869 South W ashington 8 t ., Den1

I

rer. Colo.

J . H . W inchell. Chief“

AlbumI

Dlrector,R. F. D . No. 2. Palnesvllle. Ohlo.

‘

Fayette“J. Clute. General Secretary 413-415

Claus spreckels Bui lding. San Francisco.John B leseman, Director Post Card Division.

H em lock, Ohio.James B . W arner, D irector Stereoscoplo D lvision. 4134 15 Claus Spreckels Building. SanFrancisco.

NOTE .-All stereoscopic slides sent to D irce

tor for the clrculatlng sets must be mounted.t itled. and show the maker’ s name and I . P . A .

number on the back of mount . Notify theD irector how many mounts can be used. anda. supply will be sent you by return mail.-A. E . Davies. D irector Lantern S ll

I

dc Dlvls ion. 695 6181: St.. Oakland. California .

Ar thur H . Farrow, Secretary Lantern S lideD ivision. 51 R ichelieu Terrace , Newark. N.

,J .

NEW MEMB E RS .

4450—F . P . Fox, Ambrose , No. Dak .

V est pocket , 235x411, s peed and 5x7, variouspapers , of baseba l l pictures in action andviews of interest ; for scenery , water scenes.and views of interest . P refer 2175x414 prints .

Class 1 .

4451—H arold A . B ellin, 1

I

03 W estm inster StP rovidence, R . I .

Lantern s lides ; for the same.Class 1 .

4452—W a l lace R. McB la in, Lock B ox 365,E ldon,

'

Iowa .

2%x3% ,-

I

3174x414 and 4x5, deve10ping papers ,of portra its of peop le and chi ldren and genera l snapshot and t im e exposures ; forgthesame. Ob ject in exchanging is to b etter myown work , and if my prints do not provesatisfa ctory , I wi l l return a ll prints taken inexchange C la ss 1.

4453—V irgi l W agner , Route 1 , B ox 23a , Omak ,

W a sh .

Cla ss 2 .

4454—M rs . B ertha M il ler, 84dH aring St Cadi llac , M ich .

354x434, and 3%x5% , deve loping papers , ofm isce l laneous sub jects , some interestingc loud . ,eff ects also fruit pictures ; for anyth ing: of genera l interest , part icu lar ly art istic

gndscz

li pes , marine and anima l pictures .

ass

4455— Jam es Dun lop, Route A , B ox 43. P lacerville, Cal.Class I

2.

MSG—H a rry J . Fromm, 170175 Catherine StE lizab eth , N. J.

4x5 and sma l ler, a lso

I

post ca rds,. developingpapers , of marines , ra ilways , portra its , Iandscapes and bui ldings ; for same , especia l lyhome . portra its and

gaccidents , wrecks. fires ,

etc. -Clas s 1 .

44576-(i‘rlenn L. Get ;ardt B ox 129, Carbonda le.

o 0

Cla ss 2.

445I

8~—I

Andrew M . Kopcock. 3040 Cla rk AveS . W . , Cleve land , Ohio .

2111 11334I

and 3% x5% , various papers , of snowscenes , marines , landsca pes , river scenes ,street scenes , and ch i ldren : for a ny kind ,

good work only sing le weight paper, anyco lor. Class 1 .

4459— Lou is M . Romme l, 1516 E . Frank linM inneapo lis. M inn.

354x454, and . 5x7, print ing -out paper , ofWaterfa l ls , scenery and h istorica l. bui ldingsfor the sam e . Class 1 .

4460— H arry T . K anda , P . 0 . B ox 67. Gardnervi lle , Nev .

4x5 and 5x7, various paper'

s ,‘

of portra itsand landscapes ;for the same. Lantern s lideson ly , a ll k inds. Class 1.

446l— W i l liam P . W est , 2707 Ea st 4th St LongB ea ch , Ca l.

3 114x414I

and 5117. various papers , of moun

ta in and beach views , a lso b eauty spots inSouthern Ca li fornia ; for landscapes , views ,and interest ing p laces . Cla ss 1.

4462XE dgar M . LeB aron, P . 0 . B ox 48 , Mesa .

ri z.

Any s ize up to 8x10, -various papers , of cac

Eus an

ld

_

Arizona scenes ; for figure stud ies .

ass

CAMERA

4463 —S . M aa s , 831 So . D elawa re Ave Tampa ,

F la .

Cla ss 3 .

4464— John W .

I

-M e

I

tsker , 221 W . Larwi ll St . ,

W ooster , Oh io .

Class 3.

4465— J . A . Currie , 535 4oth St Oak land , Ca l.2374x354 , 1% x5% , and 5x7 , va rious papers ,

of b each scenes , H ono lu lu and Canad ianscenes , steam er scenes and a rt stud ies ; fora rt stud ies ,

’

bea ch scenes , fore ign scenery ,

etc . S end sam p le of your work . Class 1 .

RE NEW ALS .

188X— E dward Truman , B urton, Oh io.

Cla ss 2 .

‘

2500— B . P . Ang le , Augusta, W is .

Any s ize up to 5x7 , var ious papers , of homeportra its . genera l views , and som e scenicvi ews ; for hom e portraits. . genera l

_views ,and anything art istic or interest ing .

Cla s s2835—F rank M . Re

I

m ster , 69 Myrt le S t .; B ridge

ton , N . J.

Cla ss 2.

2885— George Ma cau lay , 167 A l len St . ,

B ed ford . Mass .

3 111x414 , deve lop ing papers or post cards , ofmarine and m isce llaneous views , a lso a f ewspeed -views ; for views of interest ; es

pecia lly mounta in views . Good W ork on ly .

Class 1 .

’

3227— V . R ose H uff , Chagrin Fa l ls , Ohio .

Prints , post cards and en largements , of interest ing sub jects in g ood work and promptexchange . Am a b it pa rt ia l to marines , anima l and chi ld stud ies ; lady m em bers espec ia lly invited to exchange . Class 1 .

3848—W i lliam Charles , B ox 33, B a som , N Y .

5117 and sma l ler , developing papers , of landscapes , outdoor sports and figure stud ies ;for anything interest ing . Class 1 .

3852— J . Jeffers H enry Clay Fire InsuranceB ui lding , F rankfort , K y .

V est 4x5, 5x7 and6 142x8 14 , prints and post cards , deve lopingpapers , of landscapes , nude of ch i ldren _only ,

genre

land p ictor ia l work ; for the sam e .

ass

New

CRAFT

O U Ra B O O K SH E LV E S

A New Boo k on CanadaThe recent

“

press. stories of the al legedactivities o i Canadian farm owners

_

to at

tract American labor across the border, havecentered interest on a district which is most

ably treated in Archie Bel l ’s new book, Sun

set Canada : British Co lumbia and Beyond” ,which The Page Company wil l add to its“

See America First” , Series next month. In

this book Mr. Bel l predicts that Canada

wil l , in the future, supply the world withfruits, so favorable are conditions there for

the production o f this, as wel l as other kindso f edibles. In former days the British Cd

]umbia ranch w as catalogued by the reading

public as the place whe'

re the_

‘‘

younger son”

of the typical English novel took refuge,

invariably, in financial misfortune, but therewil l be a much sharper interest in this sec

126

tion as a possible _

drawing“

card for the

none too numerous American farm workers.

— F red W eidmann; 1692 Second Ave . , NewYork City .

Class 2 .

4163—,C .A . Hea ld , R . F . D . B ox 26D , San

Dima s , Ca l.Class 2 .

4296— Jesse B . H astings , Stony Point , N . Y .

Class 2.

4311X — P . A . Anderson , R . F . D . . No . 1 , B ox32 , Jo ice , Iowa

314 1 5112 and 5x7 , of farm‘

scenes, bu i ldings ,wi ld anima ls , b irds , a lso a few speed p ic ~

'

tures . Only I

good work wi l l be s ent and ao

cepted . Post cards on ly . Cla ss 1 .

4314—W . E . B owman , D ayton , W yo .

3 174x5142, 5x7 and ti l/2318 112 , sing le weight prints .

of a ll kinds of views ; for v i ews , characterand figure studies . Class 1 .

4364— 8 . Schwarz, 590 W est 1-72nd St . , NewYork

ACity .

234x314 , 314x4'

I

174, 4x5, 5x7 , 634x855 and larger ,various papers , of

“

portra it s , genre , landscapes , etc for the same . On ly first clas swork sent or a ccepted . Cla ss 1 .

CHANGE S OF ADDRE SS

3085—Th'

os . W . B radt , . R . R . No. 4, Ay lmer

(W est Ontar io , Canada .

(W as B ethany , W . V a .)4049— Rob ert S . B latchford ,

-Magda lena , NewM exico.

(W a s Reserve , New . Mex.)4190—H a ro ld A . Smith , 745 N . Monroe St . ,

Stockton , Ca l.

(W a s M ontel lo , Nev .)4312— J . Leo H a f en , Fa rm ing ton , U tah

!

(W a s Arco , Idaho .

4346— E . M cClymont . P . 0 . B ox 522, T o1 onto ,

Canada .

(W a s 202 Rob ert St .)4351— 0 . H . Know lton , 1932 Univers ity Ave . ,

B erke ley , Cal.(W a s V a l lejo , Ca l.)

4418A

—_

W . S . W i lgus , 265 No . M eyer St . , Tucson ,

rl a

(W a s B isb ee , Ar iz.)4436— 0 . K . B rewer , P . 0 . B ox 264, Fayettevi lle , Ark .

(W as Neos’h o ,

-Mo .)

Interes t In the Latin R epub lic sThat the people of the United States have

a keen interest in their. predicted tradeI

su

'

premI

acy over Germany in_the Latin coun

tries of America after the war, is indicated

by theI

brisk demand for .books aboutI

the

lands and peoples destined to furnish“

us

such profitable future markets. The Page

Company, in answer toI

the demand”

,is about

to issue revised versions of two o f thevolumes in its popular Latin Republics . oi

America Series,“

Brazil and H er People o f

-Today”

and“Mexico and Her People of

Today , both the work of Nevin 0 . W inter.

Evidently there is to be real preparednessfor the trade -war !

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

CAMERA CRAFT

agents, Ho land 81 . Dewey Company, 510

South Broadway, Los Angeles, California,for a circular covering

~

"

this machine and

giving a list of some of the prominent users

thereof . Until one has used a machine of‘

this kind he'

can have no definite -idea o f

the satisfaction that it Can aff ord through

the saving o f time, trouble and space,'not

to mention the avoidance'

of the blotter nui

sance and other troublesI

attending the usualm ethod of drying prints. One o f these all~

steel dryers equipped with a General Eleca

tric motor costs something, it is true, but that

is soon forgotten with the satisfaction One

enjoys in turning out work . quick1y and in

the best possible shape.

An -Up-T o -D ate Repair Plan t

S . S layton,for over twenty years the lead

ing photo—apparatus builder and repairer on

the Pacific Coast, is now connected with the

repair department o f H enry G. de Roos.

Mr. Slayton. recently returned from the East

where he inspected all the modern machinery

and apparatus used in camera and shutter

repairing“

, lens fitting and camera; building,

I

I

with the r esult that the de Roos repair plant

is now unequaled by any. in the W est. The

plant has been special ly built, and wil l beoperated under

I

the careful supervision o f

Mr. Slayton, who wil l continue the manu

facture o f the'

Slafiex Focal-Plane camera,extensively used by newspaper photograé

phersI

. Special machinery for tank manufacturing and other woodwork has been in

stal led, as also a Swan Precision lathe for

the most delicate and accurate work. This

new department is equipped so as to turn

out the finest class o f work’

-in the shortest

possible tirne. A cordialI

invitation is ex

tended to all to cal l and inspect the plant,the Repair Department, H enry G. de Roos,

88 Third Street, San Francisco .

A Spec ial Anno uncem en t

The Central Dry P late CompanyI

'

o f St.

Louis is sending out an announcement to the

trade to the effect that the constantly increasing cost o f material entering into the

'manufacture o f dry plates, together with increasedlabor cost, compels a slight decrease in discounts, efl

'

ective March first. In doing this.

they are passing on to their customers onlya fractional part of this increased cost, .

a

part that, while . very smal l to each, wil lpermit the maintainance

I

of the same high

128

quality that has always characterized'

their

products. This, together with their increasedfacilities wil l permit o f increased efficiencyof service ; these, combined with the“

promptitude and courtesy that is extended, should

mean much . to the users of Central Dry

P lates. Dealers who have not been reached

with this announcement of the slight reduc

tionI

in discount should write the centralDry P late Company, St. Louis, Missouri, fora

'

copy.

Pac o Dryers W inning Succ ess

The manufacturers, in a recent letter,ad

I

vise that they have completed arrangements

with all of the leading photographic dealersthroughout the country for the sale of the

Paco Dryers, the newmodel, the 1918, beinga decided hit with the trade, aswell

‘

as with

the photographers. The dryer is the resultof actual use in the large plant o f the manufacturers themselves, and therefore meets

practical working requirements with “

perfect

satisfaction . The sales,since the-first of theyear, the letter advises, have been in excess

of their highest expectations ; those for thepast two months exceeding the sales of any

previous period o f double that duration. This

we are glad .to learn for“

the reason that the

Paco Dryers have been advertised quite con

tinuously and consistently in our pages, and

we have always taken . pleasure'

in recom

mending it . to our readers.

_

An inquiry ad

dressed to the Photographic ApplianceI

Cor

poratioI

n,116 South Fourth Street, Minne

apolis, Minnesota, wil l bring descriptive cir

cular.

Use Of V ic to r Intensifier

W hile V ictor Intensifier has no doubt quitea satisfactory sale in the stores, the fact re

mains that the average workér does not availhimself of the advantages that it offers to

the extent that . he should. This intensifiercomes in powder, as wel l ‘

as liquid form,

a No . 2 powder that . makes eight ounces

of so lution costing only thirty-five cents at

the store, or_

five cents additional by mail .The so lution can be used over and over untilexhausted, a given quantity being sufficient

forI

about fifteen or twenty negatives o f the

size the so lution wil l properly cover . This

intensifier, while giving the greatest possibleamount o f intensification, can also be em

ployed to -secure only a slight increase thereof by cutting short the time of immersion.

NOTES AND COMMENT

ItI

I

can

I

'

alsI

o be applied to ln

crI

ease theI

'

contrastI

o f cI

e-rt'

aiii pOrtiI

o

I

ns of the

negative and is indeedI

a most valuable as

sistant in the produI

ctiI

On of negatives thatwi l l

.give the best pOssibl

I

e

I

results. This in

tensifier ismanufactured by the wel l knownmanufacturers of flashlight material, the

James H . SmithI

& Sons“

Company,3541 COt

tage Grove Avenue, Chicago, I llinois, and

can“

be obtained Of .all dealer'

s throughout the

cOuntI

ry.

I

T ak ing Liberty Bonds In T rade

I hope that the merchants o f the country,

upon a more careful '

consideration of the

subject, wil l discontinue their efforts to sel lmerchandise and take Liberty Loan Bonds

in payment”

, . says Secretary McAdoo .

I I

The Secretary states that he has no doubtthat merchants offering ,

to take Liberty Loan

Bonds in exchange for merchandise are ac

tuated by _patriotic motives, but that such

transactions tend to defeat a primary object

o f the bond sales, as they discourage thrift

and increase expenditures. Bonds_so taken

in exchange in most cases are immediatelyso ld in the

_

open market, which tends t_ O sup

press ,

the ma rket price and adversely affectssales of future issues.

The strongest eff orts are-made by the

Treasury Department to have theseI

Government bonds purchased for permanent investment by the people and paid fOr out of

I

sav

ings, thus'

not only providing funds . fer the

Government but/ effecting conservation of la

bor and material ;I

exchanging them for mer

chandise therefore de feats this . purpose.

T he Eyes of theN avy

From the Navy Department we are advised that the Navy is stil l- I

in urgent need of

binoculars, spy—glasses and telescopes.

“

The

useI

of the submarine has so changed navalwarfare that more “ eyes

”are needed on

every ship, in order that a constant_

and ci

ficient lookout may bemaintained Sextantsand chronometers are also urgently required.

H eretofore,'

the United States has beenI

ob

liged to rely '

almost entirely upon foreign

countries for_its supply of such articles.

These channels of supply are now closed, andas no stock is on hand in this country to

meet the present emergency, it has become

necessary to appeal to the patriotism of pri

vate owners, to furnish eyes for the Navy ”

.

Several weeks ago, an'

appeal was made

through the dai ly pres‘s, resulting in the re

ceipt of overI

three thousand glasses of_ vari

ous kinds, the great majority o f which has

prOVen satisfactory fornaval u se. This num

ber,however, is who l ly,

insufficient, and the

Navy needs many“

thousands more: The As

sistant Secretary, therefore, asks us to co

operate with the Navy, by . announcing, in

addition to'

the above general statement, thefo l lowing salient features '

in connection with

the Navy’s cal l :“

All articles should beI

securely tagged, giv

ing the name and address of the donor, and

forwarded by mail or express to the Honor

able Franklin D . Roosevelt, Assistant Sec

retar'

y of_

I

the_

Navy, care o f Naval Observatory, W ashington, D .

_C. so that

'

they m ay'be

’

acknowledged by him .

-Articles not suitable for naval '

use wil lbe returned to the sender. Those accepted

wil l bekeyed, so that the name and -address

of the donor will be permanently recorded at

the Navy Department,and .every effort Wil l

be made to return them, with .added historic

interest“

, at the termination o f“

the war. It

is, of course,impossible to guarantee them

against damage or loss.

As the Government cannot, under the law,

accept s ervices or material without making

some payment therefor, one do llar wil l bepaid for each article accepted,

'

W hich sumW ill cOnstitute

I

the rental price, intheevent -o i loss, the purchase price, of .such

article.

An Announc emen t

Movette, Incorporated, haszpurchased all

the physical property of the -Move'

tte Camera

Corpor‘

at’

ion, and is now -equipping a new

plant, in Rochester, for the manufacture of-.the

'

Movette devices . AI

“

new sales po licy,one embracing an exclusive dealer preposition, is under _

consideration and wil l be anI

'

nounced shortly. Any dealer interested willI

do .wel l to address : Movette, IncorporatedHRochester, New York.

.W ar Pho tographer’s

_

Ruse'

Ge ts H imOu t

o f Pr ison

It is far from difficult to fool the muchvaunted German secret service, according to

Captain Donald Thompson, war photogra

pher.

I

D uring 1914 and 1915, CaptainThOmpson, then a press photographer, passed .ih

and outI

of the German lines constantly, andcarried many dispatches for United States

129

CAMERA CRAFT

consuls and rel ief workers inBelgium. The

photographs hich he took o f the Germans

proved of value to the British secret servicebecause it located various German regiments

from insignia on their uniforms. T he Ger

mans decided that Thompson was a spy and

posted orders that he be arrested if he re

turned to Germany.

.

iBut Thompson when ready to go,back,

e te a story about himself , describing himself as strongly pro-German, carrying an in

terview with himself in which he said that

the Germans had never been guilty o f atroei

ties, and he strongly attacked the English.

The article further said that the British

were lying when they . said that his"

pictuI

res

had been of value to them . This articlewas set in type and aproof pul led

I

beside the

advertisement . o f a New York department

store. Over this was run a head o f The

Brooklyn Daily Chronicle, a paper which

does not exist.This proof was torn out carelessly _

to rep

resent a“

clipping from an American paper .

and fo lded into Thompson’s pocket. He then

marched into.the German lines. .Hé was

promptly arrested and thrown into a dingy

prison, searched, a nd all his“

papers removed.

I

“

Some two hoursI

later”

, as he describes

the incident, . I saw a file approaching the

cel l dOor._

First came asentry'

with a lantern .

An officer fo l lowed him and behind came

orderlies bearing a basin of_

warm water,

clean towels, sandwiches, beer and cigars.

I knew then that they had fal len for -_

my

bluff.“

I Was released with profuse apologies,given the freedom

“

of Germany andI

dined

and W inedI

by notables Of Berlin. The Ger

man government gaveme considerable money

to expend for them in propaganda work.

This went far towards paying'

my expensesand kept me in.spending money for many a

day.— The~ Detroit News .

’

G et Out Some Po st Cards

Not a_few photographers could add con

siderable to their income and to t heir own

prestige by getting out a series of local viewpost

“

cards for sale to the trade in their

town. There are also not_

a few orders that

could be picked up for post cards for ad

vertiI

sing purposes if the photographer wouldonly be prepared to show samples and quoteprices on good ork. The Photographic Ap

pliance Corporat1on, 116 South Fourth

Street, Minneapo lis, Minnesota, have been

turning out photographic post cards of the

highest quality f or photographers all overthe country for a number o f years and our

readers should get in touch with thefirm and

see if the facilities they off er would not

al low them to increase their business and

their profits as wel l .T he

.

Duplex Ro tary D ryer ,

A new-advertisement in this issue is that o f

the"

new 1918 model of the Duplex RotaryAutomatic Print Dryer, a

.de

_

cided improvement over the machine put out last year,

despite the high quality which the latter possessed. The double drums and double, con

tinuously-moving cloth webs or belts, give .

-a degree of efficiency that commends this

‘

machine to' large producers of photographic

prints. Another special feature is the adj-ustable ro l l above the print tray which providesfor the prints being delivered either perfectlyflat or With either a concave or convex curvature, as desired. The machine

_

is of superior

design and construction, steel frame and

steel tubing ro l lers —except the . two end ro l lsfor the outer

.web, assuring solidity and long

life. Those interested should write for descriptive circulars to H erbert Huesgen

Company, 18 East'

Forty-second Street, New

YorkI llino is Co llege o f Pho tography

Mr. Shaver, who is a student of'

the pho

tographic department, demonstrated that he"

is stil l a “

young Shaver” by catching a case

of mumps.

W alter Barg, late of the photo-engravingdepartment, has a position

‘

in Chicago . H e

paid the Co l lege a pleasant visit during the

five,

days of Government closingMr. Penglase, class of 1916 , passed through

Effingham’

on his way from camp to New

York City. H e was on, official army business,having a group o f so ldiers in hisFelix Raymer, for many years an instruc

tor in the Col lege, is now in business at

Austin, Texas. H e has two I . C. P . stu

dents in his employ, and would like to havetwo more.

Miss Evelyn Fox, class of 1915, who has

been employed in a studio in A lberta, Canada,

- for over two years, and Whose employer

recommends very -highly, expects to open a

studio of her own in the near . future.

. .WANTEDPair condens ing lenses , 4x5 square or

6 175x817é diameter round . Also ba by

,are ,with rheostat . State condit ion_and lowest

'“das li pri ce . Address W a llace S ._

A lle'

n, 908 E ast

f20th A'

ve D'

enver, Colo.

P t d o, lot d full e u'

F0“_

SMEma

ehitngnggp

l

osit ionan

large dis%ril

c

pt ,

good prices , in .

‘

going order .

'

ca sh , ba lance $29.00 per month with'

no inter

est . Genu ine snap . B en Ca lvert , V erm i lion,

Ab erta , Ca .nada

W th 0 .k d k fl h'

Bosnia.

“WANTED shdp , 152fii f é x

a

b eiiéiifie

l

gficommercia l work ; Maine; New H ampshire or

Massachusetts . .preferred'

. ._

J . R . Meservey,

Pittsfield . Ma ine.

GROUNDFLUUBStudio for sa le . T own of ab out

3500 wi th stea dy payro l l. Otherbus iness requ ires my '

attention .

“

W . N . W ood ,

Fort B ragg , Ca l'

.

fl 1 111 t d tEBBSALEbricli

le

bul

ildffig ,

S l

fiul

sa; 10

513 2135?from b est corner in good

:

hom e town in South

_ern .C a liforn ia; popu la t ion over 8000 .with at

least 15.000 with in th ree m i les . Rent $20.

kOdak and f ram ing departm ents wi l l pay a ll

expenses. No :-oth er studio , good prices : and

un lim ite d pos s ib i lit ies for a good man . Townha s 5 b akeries ,

- 11 barb er shops , 14 churches ,

5 d rug stores , 27 groceries , 7 butcher shops , 3

newspapers , 9 dryg‘

oods stores and“

a ll othe1

lines we l l represented . A good a ll round man

and hust ler can c lear $3000.00 a year . D ea f

ness and fa i ling eye s ight compe l owner to

qu it . W i ll se l l for $1200.00 or m ight cons ider

part in c

lear

‘

r'

ea l esta te or good auto. A d

d ress P . 0 . B ox“

444, A lh amb ra , Ca l.

F0“SALE.

5117 R B . Ormley , 16 inch leatherb e l lows , 100 sec . B . L. shutter ,

R . R . lens , inc lud ing leather ca se for camera

and .6 .

,ho lders good condit ion ; S igS chwa rz, 127 E ast . l 6th

'

S t P ort land , Or .

FORSALEPort ra it len '

s 4x5 f -5 in focus ingm ount , 9-inch focus , n

’

ear ly =newS ig S chwarz, 127 E a st l 6th St P ort

land , Cr .

mssmumore S

.ca sh , p

'

art ly furnished Town 5000, no oppo :

s it ion , ground floor , r ent Address

M ission Studio. Santa Clara , Ca l.

HGLLANDME") 011

30ou

gc

gunilé7o

1114§8un

1c

§1ounce Ado lph Turnbul l, W . Lake

St Chicago , I ll

5X7 VIEW Camera and entire out‘

fit , exce llent condit ion , t'

wo f oot bel lows ,

ha lf price;fine for a ll classes commerc ia l work ,

enlarg ing , copy ing . W rite H . B . B rubaker ,

W yom iss ing , Pa .

'

Young man , kodak fin'

ishPosnlonWANTED ““

ing ; can operate any s ize

p lant with eff iciency . Know how to p lea sethe ama teur W i l l ho ld the bus ines s you nowhave ‘

and get more if you want“

_it Further

i

sngormat ion on request . G . T . B owman, 1011

. M-a in St Ottowa , K ans .

4x5GGEHZAng lo cam era wi th f Celorana st1gmat , 3 plateholders , price

perfect cond it ion .-Address M . E . B

care“Camera Cra ft

", San

-F rancisco,_Ca l.

108ml!"_

wamn11emp loyed but wi l l be ab le to accept positionby March 15th . Robert E . F enton, 242 K en

tucky Ave E vansvi lle , Ind .

Posn'mNWANTEDB y young lady , experienced

a s genera l ass istant , printer and .finisher. D es ires a p lace where can

retouch part of time and a chance of learningmoving picture photography References furnished . Address N. A . M care

“Camera

Craf t . San“

F rancisco, Ca l.

F0“SALEOne 8 r inch Cirkut outfit with 10inch Turner Reich anastigm a t lens

one 10 inch by four feet printing f rame . U sedon ly four month s . W i l l sh ip to any responsibledea ler for inspection . P rice F ran

‘

kB egole , 2532 Tu lare St F resno,

. Ca l.

GRAFLE'X 4x5, recent model, finest c ondit ion ,

new B ausch Lomb Unar lens f 5.p late magazine a ccompan i es . B argain at

$75.00 or neares t o ffer takes it ;by express _sub

jectJto

’

exam ination . V . A . W ood , H ackens'

ack ,

FORJ

SALERevo lving Auto Gra flex, size 4x5,lens 5x8 B ausch Lomb

‘ Zeiss Tessar , 8 1/ - in. focus ; film pack adapter;Graflexro l l holder , 2 p lateholders , tripod and leather

gas

le . P rice $140.00. . Giugui , Mounta in V iew,

a

FORSALEMar ion

’

s Soho Retire): 314 11414 , newswing f ront , revdlv ing-g back’,

‘

8

plateholders , fi lm pa ck adapter; carrying ca se

per f ect condit ion $75 00; a lso ortland P ic

tor ia l lenses , .f 4.5, 6 in . and 9 1 $15 00 and$20.00. A lso E rnemann .vest -pocket cam era

-f 8_ana st igmat lens , groundg la ss

“

back withhood , 9 p lateho lders , .antinous re lea se , changing bag. E lizab eth P eeb les , H il ls ide Road ,

B ou lder ,

I d'

h t h '

1_

fiWIT-LBUYsi

l

ude

igs a

pnd? 8511

3

11t v itil

ws

s

?

Nah?ing

.

srria ller than post card s ize . D r . F .

“

D .

Snyder , B ox 371, A shtabu’ la , Oh io .

WANTEDPhotographer .who understands allbranches of studio work . Must b e

good retoucher and portra it fini sh er . W ages

$150.00 per-1nonth for eight hour s . Send refer

ences'

and samp les of retouch"in first . letter .

A ddress Box .Anchorage, A la ska .

SALE0“EXGHANGE 1A Speed K odak , foca lp lane shutter , f 6 .3 Ze isslens with ca rry ing ca se , a ll in exce l lent . cond i

t'

ion . Cost $62 50, wi l l se ll for $30.00 or wi llexchange for 31/1x41/ p la te cam era . with doub leextens ion be llows and convertib le lens . D r .

W . D . V ehe , 1010 D ona ldson B ldg , M inneapo lis , , M inn.

STUDIOWANTED110111111101?b e at a reasonab le -

price . Address B ox 23,Route No . 1 , H aywards , -C

_

al .

nnoucuznmmbe exper ienced . Good c la ss trade , permanent .

W rite with particu lars , send samp les of_work

and own“

photo if poss ib le in .first letter . .The

Court land ’

s Studio, Ca lgary, A lta Canada .

FIGURE STUDIES X11§1n°

2011111e11r5

1331Send price and postage if prints a re to be re

turned . C. W . H enry Son D i lworth , Ok la .

STUDTOWANTED filddgggisfé rgfa 130981

31

,

tzgl

rgé

Camera Cra ft , San F rancisco , Ca l

FunSALEOne No 3, 8x10 Century portra itcamera with s liding ba ck and 8x10

curta in ho lder , with No . 3 studio stand . One5x7 Conley portra it lens , one 5 inch Packardshutter , outfit comp lete good as new.

Sm ith ’

s Photo Shop , Colvil le , W ash .

CA M E R A W A NTS—Co n t in u e d .

WEPAYHIGHESTCa sh prices or make libera la l lowance in exchange f or

Newm an Gua rd ia“

S iby l” cam eras , A dam s“V esta

"an

-d -“ M inex Ica Icarette

‘

s ,

‘

mode lsA or B ;

“

Trix”, A , B , or C;

“

Idea l" A , B . or C;Ica Jewe l l” ,

-V oigtlaender“

A lpine" and“

B erghe il T ourist". Car l Zeiss doub le “

Protar

and“

Tessa r” lenses , Ross

"‘Zeiss Ross“H omocentric

”

, Ross“

Telencentr ic”

, .D a l lmeyer large “

Adon”te lephoto , V oigt laender

“H e liar and Co l linear" Series

_

I I lenses ;a lsoGoerz V . P.. ro l l fi lm cameras . S tate condit ionand spot ca sh or exchange price wanted . W e

Offer you the choicest se lect ion to choose f rom .

No barga in lists so -ca l led issued . .W rite us

what you want if an exchange is des ired , describe fa ir ly your cam era or lens ; we W 111 b e

p lea sed to co -opera te with you , a s we backour exper ience with twenty -seven y

'

ears cater

ing to the'm ost d iscrim ina ting photog raphers

in the_U . S Canada -and South Am erica .

‘

You

e lim inate a ll chance of gues swork . Carm ichae l’s111 Summ er S t B oston , Ma ss .

Photo stud io in town of 2000WANTED T0RENT to 7000, without'

c ompet ition : Centra l or Southern W iscons in pref erred .

A ddres s Lock B ox_444, W a rren, I ll.

WANTED A lady a ss istant who understandsrecept ion room work .

“ '

Must e1therb e good retoucher or pr inter .

“

P ermanent po

s it ion for r ight person . A dd ress B ox 75, care“

Cam era Cra ft"

, San F rancisco , Ca l.

SALEOREXGHANGE S eneca fo lding 5x7, V e 7

lost igma t f r 6 .3. Unars ccd lens f -5 , 6 -inch focus . Empire Statev ew, 8x10.

_

A ll above sam e a s new a nd per

f ect . W ant Graflex Junior or other sma llcam era. Rev . V . A . W ood , H ackensa ck , N . J.FURSALEAn 8x10 stud io and view cam era ,

-A I condit lon , Da llm eyer lens , darkroom outfit and comp lete equipm ent ,R . F . S tern , 201 Charter Oak Ave . , San F rancisco , Ca l.

PUSIHONWANTEDgg’

iesgou

ag man now in col

pose a s a mode lto artist for the nude figure and in d iff erentcostumes (orienta l and ant ique preferred)prefer together with young boys , can a lso ass ist as receptionist , etc. No ob jection to anypose to

’

be taken , also for movies; _photo . atd isposa l. Address H ermes , care Camera

Cra ft San F rancisco, Ca l.

WANTEDE ng lish“

ha lf -p late cam era , no lens .

Prefer H enderson Popular" or sim ila r make . Long be l lows . State lowest cashprice; Motter, care Union Litho . Co SanF rancisco , Ca l.

9 -in.

’

len i 0 t i

522SALE has or ig in31 . bg.rr2l,1550518;

- ih . V elostigmat in Opt imo ,

B ausch Lomb Frotar wide ang le. 5x8 (new)16 -in. f -6 symmetrica l , new

E astman x10 view camera with en largingback , No . 2 . new. J. S .

“

An derson,

Omemee , No . Dak .

B t t d i 1 th b t tF0“SAT-E ines

Sas

crgm%n?o 0313

1103 2?where oranges grow in abundance. Ownermust change c limate account of a sthma . W i llinvoice cash takes it . Address Snap , care

“

Camera Craft", San F ran

cisco, Ca l.

HmsalEStudio : the facts are : rent ,peop le in nea rby towns. no

competition in county , e lectricity, runningwater , etc ca sh , er month ,

wh ich can be pa id f rom profits a ove livinggxtlienses. M . H . B a ldwin, B ox 371 , Ja ckson,

a

w ted , lad f b lKGDAKFINISHERma

g

y1

board agd 1533 81 1311

fam i ly . State . age , experience , sa lary , etc.

Rich Stud io , B em idji, M inn .

WANTEDA high cla ss printer and retoucher :permanent pos ition, good salary , but

must b e good . A ll part icu lars with fi rst letterwith photo. Cou ld a lso use

“

a good operator.

Scott Studio , Tacoma , W ash .

WILL-

PAYcAsu11

11

3139

11313;—11331512

Tessar in barre l. H . E . Smith , Clinton, 111.

FORSALENo. 8 5x7 Seneca camera , carryingcase , p lateho lder, 5x7 V elost igmat

f lens in Regno shutter, stee l tripod andray filter , equa l to new, a ll for W i ll ‘

sel lseparate. F rank X . F lier l, 37 John R

'

. StD etroit , M ich .

FORSALECirkut outfit No . 8 , Goerz Dagorlens_

N o . 6 , Compound shutter ,B

'

ausch‘

Lomb te lephoto attachment : B auschLomb Zeiss P rotar -5x8 and Goerz H ypergon

8x10 wide ang le; A ll guaranteed : ten daystrial , make offer . Max M i ller , Lents

‘

Sta . ,

Route 3, P ort land , Or..U

RETOUGH'

INGAND'

Cblor ing: M issB'

; Ashworth. des ires the work of a few

firm s ; country orders so licited . Return expresspa id . 626 Grove St . , San Francisco ,

“

Ca l.

POSITIONWANTED3111 1 11112312;111 1835expe rience in photo business , p ref ers stud iowork . N .

_

Nishida , 1624 Post St San Francisco , Ca l

'

.

PUSTTTONWANTEDfigargnarried man , age 32H as had two yea rs

experience in sma l l studio of h is own , eightyears a s sa lesman photo . supp ly house , yea rand a ha lf a s buyer and

_manag ing correspond

ence; Address R'

. R . , care“

Camera Craf t"

,

San Francisco , Ca l.

FORSALEThe Mu l likin Man Studio, Ft . Lauderda le , F lorida , county seat B ra

ward County ; popu lat ion , 5000 and tourist c ity.

Grea t . amount of winter farm ing. 8-roomstudio , inc luding living room s , operating room ,

15x30 feet ; north light on corner; no compet it ion ; rent per month i with 4-year lease.

B est fitted studio in Southern F lorida ; va lueGood bus iness the year round . Most

b eautifu l c lima te in the world . F or quicksa le gets bus iness and parapherna lia .

A snap . Sa tisfactory . reason for se lling . Address The M u l likin Man , . .Ft

“

Lauderda le , Fla .

FORSALEAn artistic studio dn a m ost promis ing

-and product ive farm ing com

munity in the M idd le W est , popu lationw ith same amount to draw from nearby towns .

Receipts last month.

over rent'

rea

sonab le and best loca tion. W i l l se ll forcash , am quitting the profess ion. AddressE . W eyle , B ox 930, Twin Fa ll-s , Idaho.

SELL0"TRADE Ingento l 1x14 en larg ingor

reducing camera . Shobergportab le Skylight , good as new : want 5x7 speedGraphic , no lens , O liver or Underwood typewriter, like condition. H . S ch lom er, _

Cherok ee ,

Iowa .

swumGAMERA11512321131 11131 11 3piete to exchange for

‘

-'fo lding camera , 334x414or sma l ler . W e l ls Fargo Agent , B rooks , Or.

"3533 GRAFLEX 5x7 B ausch Lomb Tessar'

to exchange for -good stereo

cam era or se l l cheap for (Sash a W e lls Fa rgoAgent , B rooks , Or.

HmSATEK odak finishing business in town ofFor further information,

address E . J. Lenz,. Dubuque, Iowa .

St di i M i e li .

- Re tF0"SAT-Esongb lg. r

Fine11

113111

3321as

ge. 131

31911213a s hea lthy as any

“

in c ity ; negatives on

fi le . Consider ca sh offer a t invoice price or

trade for improved rea l esta te. Address H .

n care Camera“

Cra ft San Francisco,

a

FURSALEGround floor studio with first classequ ipment . On main street in one

of th e best“

towns in W estern M innesota , withno competition. Must sell at once and wi llse l l at a sacrifice, as I am ca l led to the

_service. Address Photographer , B rowns Va lley,

M inn .

FORSALEPhoto studio fitted up to 8x10, por

. tra it and V iew; s1ng le north light.W i l l se l l or

_

rent bui ld ing I f outfit is boughtmust have to invest . Address G.

Spyk erman, B oyden, Iowa ._

CAM E R A W A N'

rs—‘

co xi t in u e d .

FORSALEStudio and store. separate entrance

to studio“

besides through store,od class of trade and best prices . Store

go

at: d l’es stat ionery, picture framing , kodaksupp lies. Good kodak finishing business.

Growing college town in one of the

sbest orange

districts 0 state.

“

Frashers , La V erne,Cal.

PARTNERWANTEnAn exce llent L os Ange lesbus iness , bui lt up by an

expert a long severa l d istinct lines of commer ~

cial work , on ly requires a new p lant , equ ipment and

“

pub licity, in order to create the

la rgest reproduct ion business on the PacificCoa st . E nt ire p lant W i l l be a long new linesof eff iciency production which wi l l eliminatethe poss ib i lity of a ll competition. An investment of $7000.00 far these purposes , offers an

interest and pos it ion, to the right party , .in a

sound , leg it imate enterprise of considerab lemagn itude . Address Expert , care

“

Camera

Craf San Francisco, Ca l.

Iy t di i li t l oo iF0"SM-Et(1)enart so? famgus

veBnWBlegd wheal

tcountry Many litt le towns to draw from .

Good kodak trade . Must se l l because '

I amphys ica lly unab le to ca re for bus iness . $500.00

cash takes it . Jasmann Stud io, Odessa , W ash .

PH0T0MINIATURES£1231f13132113p111§£ones pub lished to 124.

'

F irst 32 copiesc loth bound . W r ite for .complete list . AddressA . S . D care Camera Cra ft

", San F ran

cisco , Ca l

PosmonWANTED 23221231 31 . 23;b ,ranches includ ing home portra iture. W ishes ,

pos it ion .April l stgin first c lass studio on ly.

Sa lary topstart

“

per week . AddressS . P . W . , care

“

Camera Cra ft"

, San F ran

cisco , Ca l.

AGHANGEFor an all around photographer,ca pab le of hand ling home portra i

ture ,-~ to connect permanent ly with a going

photographic State qua lifications andresources a t once. The Cam%us P icture Shop,1319 W ashington Ave. S . . E ., M inneapo lis ,

WANTEBK orona camera , 7x17 or la rger, withor without lens . Have 655x854; cam

era“

. with 10x12 attachm ent , B . L . lens , 7

plateholders , tripod , .ca se , comp lete—trade or

se ll. H . De Long , 3220 W . Monroe St Chicago , .I ll.

WANTED 8x10 Seneca V iew camera , 30- inch“

be l lows , wi th s lidmg f ront . Sm 1th’

s

Photo Shop , Co lvi lle, W ash .

FURSME £1113?”

5511111 1131;00, lens cost b oth for Goerz

Anschutz camera , orig ina l dopp le anastigmatfoca l plane 3174x456 , 6

“

plateholders , ca se , outfitcosts over $100. price 4x5 Da llmeyer

Stigmatic f 6 in K oilos shutter to cost

$76?m00, price 50. . 8x10 Competitor V iew

cam era , S cientific anast igmat lens , W ollensakshutter , cost $90.00, price Can use

Co lts or Savage Automatic in trade. Shipsub ject to exam ination upon receipt of expresscharges . H . Liss , 445 Court H ouse, M inneapolis , M inn.

SALE01 excuses 81 1° W e “ outfit(lens , c a m e r a a n d

stand) lens in perfect condition and ba lanceof outfit in work ing order, cost . pricewou ld exchange for post card Graflex. Address B ox 24, E ugene , Or. Outfit can be seen

at H irsch Ka iser , 218 Post St San Francisco, Cal.

FORSALEOn ly studio in flourishing San J oaquin V a lley town. $4500 ,businesslast . year. Must se ll. P rice we ll

worth doub le. Address F . ,

“

care“Camera

Craft”

, San Francisco, Ca l.

”ANTEn3A Graflex comp lete .

F0"S‘lEN .o 3 Compound shutter . 8inch B . L. mounted condenser

9 power prism Monocu lar. $15.00, 4x5B . L. 10 Tessar lens in

“

No . 2 Compoundshutter E very art ic le new and in firstc lass cond ition. Address M . R ., care Camera

Craft”

, San Francisco, Ca l.

WANTED Good camera , view preferred , forfirst nineteen . vo lumes of

“

Camera

Craf t"comp lete, s ome Photo B eacons some

“

Photo E ra s", a f ew “

The Camera and‘

Darkroom"

, a f ew “The Cam era

", one

“American

Amateur Photographer"

and“

Camera andDarkroom and a few American Photogra

phys”

. Arthur P . A lexander , 2717 38rdggt .,

Sacramento , Ca l.

Risen Stu ti io ,

A ltura s , Ca l.

WANT“,Convert ib le f 4.5 lens of 4 inch focusmounted in No . 0 -

pCom ound shutterW ith speeds up to 1 /250th second

pRoss H omo !

centric or Goerz Dogmar preferred . S tate cond it ion and p .rice H . G. F rederick . 322 Mans

field Ave. Spokane. W a sh .

FORSALEJudkin'

s Studio, Santa Ma ria . Ca lifornia . Ful ly equ ipped for a ll

c lasses of work ; e lectricity; gas , water , . northlight ;one other studio , live ly town

'

with va l leylog,000

’

populat ion , bean farms and oil d istrict;good business ;

'

owner ha s just pa ssed away.

B arga in f or cash . G . L . W i llett , B ox 211,Santa Maria , Ca l.

PTEGE REWUGHIN 1 033113grael

ce. N. M -1422 Geary St ., San F rancisco, _

FORSALEO ld estab lished stud io. Modernwith all new equipment in county

seat town . Rea sonab le rent . Address Chas.

L. Ne lson, B lue E a rth , M inn .

F0“SALEOnly studio in live Southern M ichigan town -of 2200. Cosi ly furnished

and we l l equipped . Must be so ld at once.

S . D . J oy, Constantine , M ich .

WANTEDITO Rent—S tudio in town of f rom2000 to 8000 without competit ion.

Southern or Centra l W isconsin preferred . Address Lock B ox 444, W arren, I ll.

WANTED To B uy —Good paying studio in townof l 5oo

yto 2000 p .opu lat ion Give com

piete descr iption of what you have to se l l infirst letter .

pA ddress B . E

yLitts , Spirit Lake,

owa .

POSITIONWHITE A

Hold ingford. M inn.

WANTED 4x5 Graflex; Reflex or H a l l M irror,second hand . Must be in gobd work

ing order, no“ lens. B ox 51 , ca re

“

CameraCra f San F rancisco, Ca l.

1A Premoette Sr. camera , 2 x4F0“SAT-E f -7.7 anastigmat lens. lea the? ca?portrai t atta chment, $11 .00:

printer and finisher.

Address Miss Anna Sura ,

rying case andB usch Omnar anastigmat lens , 7 focus ,

f-5.5 in W ollensak shutter, $18 .00; orona 5x7p late cam era , reversib le back , R. R. lens. 5plateholders , leather carrying ca se, flash panand foca l p lane shutter, $12 .00; suitcase for5x7 view camera outfit, Ra lph A. Scobey ,

1215 So. Sta te St . , Syra cuse, N. Y.

FORSALEF ine ly . bui lt photo ca r withouttruck. Size 10 ft . wide, 24 f t. long ,

736 f t. hig .h Bui lt of No. 1 first class cei lingwith best rubber roofing . W e l l painted, andonly one year old . Furnished with 4x6 darkroom , b ui lt of first c la ss cei ling. W ired forelectric lig .hts Cost to bui ld yea r ago

$175.00; $85.00 takes it . Address H . ca re“

Camera Craft", San Francisco, Ca l.

FURSALE12 inch Goerz Dagor M .s for 81110work , in barre l, good condition.

00 cash . W . , H ., 724 . First Avenue South.Phoenix, Ariz.

anoram

Now that spring 15 411566151thepage;

and Vistas o f green meadows" and fo liaged slopes a l e to be things o f fact

“

i ather than o f the memory— “

now is the

time to plan fo r pano ram pho tography.

Fo r i t is just the so rt of scene that a springwalk o r mo to r trip is sure to lead youthat can best be interpreted through

the pan'

oram p icture . Ord inary cam

eras can. g ive you but a part o f the

v iew— the '

;panoram camera wi th -its

swinging lens gives you the who le V iewwith a s ingle exposure.

Kodak compactness and conveniencehave invaded the realm o f pano ram

photography and have produced the

Panoram Kodak.

can conveniently and eas ily make good

panoramp ictures . Landscapes in the irenti rety, clusters of bui ld ings, out doorgroups

“

mountain scenes,allmean wo rk

for the Panoram Kodak and pleasurefor you.

There are twoPano ram K odaks, the

No . l and No 4 E ach is o f the same

careful construd ion,‘ with covering o f

genuine leather and n ickled fittings.

The No . 1,however makes a p icture

As a result anyone s

by_

7 inches, and . its lens swingsthrough

“

a scope o f 112 degrees , the No .

4 makes a p icture 3 % by 12 inches‘

and

Swings through a scope o f 142

T H E u1!mNo . I .Panoram KodakNo . 4 Panoram Kodak

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EA STMAN PLATE TANK

You keep to the time and temperaturespec ified and the E astman Plate Tan-k

keeps'

to the results desired . Fog- free

negatives— negatives in which all the

possibi lities o f every exposure are real

ized to the ful l— are the rule that is

never proved by exceptio ns. In sho rt,

the'

E astman Plate Tank does fo r pla tes

precisely what the Kodak Fi lm Tank

does fo r films— it o ffers the easy , sensi

b le me thod to successful negative deve loping.

The Eastman Plate Tank consists o f

a me ta l so lution cup wi th co ver, a cage

fo r ho ld ing twel ve plates o r less,and .a

lo ad ing fixture fo r load ing the plates .

'

The exposed p la tes are loaded in the

c age and then placed in the so lutioncup previously fi l led wi th developer,whereupon the cover is c lapped on .

Obv iously the load ing must be .done in“

the dark—room because o f the sensi tiveness o f the plates to l ight; but wi th thecover o f the so lution cup in place ,

the

tank may be brought into broad daylight unti l the expiration o f the fifteenm inutes necessary for proper development. The plates are then unloaded inthe dark-room

,the developer washed

from the p lates, and they are fixed and

washed in the usua l manner.

The presence o f the d ial with adjus tab le po inter on the face o f the tank

,

P lea se Mention. Camera Cra ft when Correspond ing with .Advertisers .

o ffers a convenient method o f checkingtime o f development .

TH E PR ICE

EastmanPlate Tank , for 4x5, 3% x5% ,

and smal ler plates , inc ludes so lutioncup , plate cage , loading fixture andadjustab le kit.

D itto , 5x7;without kit ,

lé‘

A'

utographic Kodak 6 514 !

with Kodak Range Finder

H igh-speed anastigmat lens, Opt imo shutter and . autographic

attachment indicate W hat the presence o f the Kodak RangeFinder

proves— the

'

lA Special ;represents all that is best and newest in

pocket camera construction-and equ ipment .

Picture Size , 21} x 41 inches .

THE PRICE

W ith‘

Optimo shutter and Kodak Anastigmat lens, I .

D itto , with B . L. Kodak Anastigmat,f .

D itto,with B . L. Tessar Series IIb Anastigmat le’

ns , f .

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

P lease Mention Camera. Cra ft when Correspond ing with Advert isers .

Please"Mention Camera Craft when Corresponding with Advertisers.

P lease MentionCamera Cra ft when Corresponding wi th Advert isers.

Please Mention Cam era Cra ft -when Corresponding with -Advert is ers .

P lea se Mention Camera Craft when Correspond ing with‘

A dvertisers.

P lea se Mention Camera Craft when'

Corresponding W ith Advertisers .

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DOES THE W ORK RIGHT'

The difiiculty experienced by the Defender Photo Supp ly Co Inc . i n mainta in ing comp lete stocks'

ln their branchesa t San Francisco and .Los Ange les , in ade it advisab le to d iscontinue these d istributing points . our customers

on the Coast are referred to the fol-lowing concerns who carry the comp lete D efender line

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ARGO PAPER .V ULCAN FILMFO R TH E AMATEUR PHOTO G RAPH E R PROV EN PERFECT

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FO R THE CO M M ERC IAL PHOTO GRAPH ER

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W R ITE US FOR THE NEW DEFENDER CATALOGUE

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sketch and description

for Useful Booklet and'

Free

Advice as to patentability.

MAXW ELL STEVENSONAtto rney in Patent Causes

905 V ic tor Bu i ld ing W ashington , D . C.

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SAVE SPACE SAVE T IMEiNCREASE .YOUR OUTPUT THREEFOLD

The Simplex.Auto Print Dryer gives you 8 1 squareinches of drying surface per ho .ur It dries prints in threeminutes and costs the same as an electric fan,

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or lessthanhalf a cent per hour. . Made entire ly of

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stee l exceptthe rol lers and apron. It is always ready for .use anda lways in “

good working“

order

Send for circulars“

and prices, either to_

3 37-3 39 East 34 th S tre e tSimplex PhotoSpecia lty Co . New Yu k .N y

THIRTY lvE YEARS

Have Maintained;

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What Could Better Prove .Their Superiori

G. CRAMERDRY PLATE co"QUALITY FIRST

CHICAGO .ST. NEW YORK

Please Mention Camera Craft when Corresponding with Advertisers.

attends the use of theinstan taneous

Ac t-inc Fla sh Car tr i e s

'

in'

photographing your pet anima ls,as we l l as your

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rendered .

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orwith any'

slo'wburning powder.D emand

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3 54 1 AT?Made by Amateur with One No . 12 Actino

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D U P LEX R O TARY AU T OMAT I C

19 18 MO DEL

W r it e fo r B o ok le t t o

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BURKEa 1AMES, Distributors, Chicago, 111.En Sec tion o f Dup lex Ro ta r

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y Automatic

PRINT DRYER FOR SALE BY DEALERS IN PHOTOGRAPH IC SUPPLIES

W HAT IT IS

The On ly “

Two-Cylinder D rying M achine .

Has Large Cap acity and H igh Efficiency .

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V e ry Rigid .

Driven by I/ IS h. p . Gen . Elec tric Mo to r.

Bo th D rying Be lts Always Kep t T igh t s

Simple Adjus tmen t by Two Gu ide Ro lle rs .

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A Po si tive Nec essi ty In Every Plan t .

WHAT IT DOES

Eliminates All Your D rying Problems .

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"

D ries Prin ts Pe rfe c tly in 3 56 M inu te s.Takes Prin ts up t o S ixteen Inche s W ide .

Takes Prin ts o f Any Length—_Unlim ited.

De live rs Prin ts Eithe r Fla t o r Curved.

Canno t Inju re the M ost De lica te Su rface .

Hea t i s Always Unde r. Pe rfec t Co n t ro l .Produces Superio r Qua lity o f Prints .

W ill -Pay Fo r I tself In S ix M on ths.

CONVERTIBLE MEANS THREE FOCAL LENGTHS

7 1} inch focus

12 inch focus

8'

inch focus

THE USE TOF AN ANASTIGMAT LENSsharpens the picture and shortens the exposure . To be without one is a handicap, a limitation.the

'

photographer cannot overcome , of ten meaning the difference between success and fai lure .

tigmatFis an idea l lens for genera l use, the lens which represents the Anastigmat

'

in its highest development . This is the lens which theoretica l ly and practica l ly is as near perfection as the Optician

conceives it shou ld be,as near a universa l lens as the photographer can ,

hope to obtain .

PLEASE S END ron cA'

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ALoeus

GUNDLACH-MANHATTANOPTICALCO.

7“

W rite for Booklet 278 .

JOHNROYLE SONS Paterson, N. J .

PHOTO-ENGRAV ERS’ MACHINERY

Pac ific Coast Agentsé Geo . Russe ll Re ed Co .. San Francisco . Ca lif .

P lea se Ment ion Camera Craft when Corresponding with Advert isers .

Makingphoto-engravedplatesthere is a noticeable demandfor the Royle Machines. Re‘

cent . customers inc lude a

photo-supply house of inter

national standing.

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The ex

pertlyproved designs and con

veniences fullymeet the most

exacting requirements.

AreYouLookingFor

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Bargains?Hundreds o f up-to-the-m inute

CAMERAS, KODAKSANDLENSES

both used and new.at start ling reduced prices.are listed in our latest free

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P lease Mention Camera Craft when Corresponding with Advertiser '

s .

At least one “

outfit listed to suit your specia lrequirements. and every item is backed by our

10DayFree TrialGuarantee orMoneyBack In Full lf UnsatisfactoryCou ld anything be fa irer or squarer ?

A FEW USED BARGAINS$27.50 No. 2

“

Ansco V est'

Pocket camera , f-6 .3

anastigmat lens $19.753A Co

mpact Graflex 5x7 10 Tessar f—4.5lens $93.50

$42.50 No . 1 Ingento Specia l with Co llinear-Ser 3, f

' lens ' in Compound shutter.

354 x454 Popu lar P ressman camera. A ldisanast ign

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iat lens1A Fo lding B rownie Camera

1A Graflex Camera , Zeiss t anas

sgi

ga3A E astman F . P .

‘

Kodak

Central Camera CompanyDept. 13-10 124 S.Wabash Chicago

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A Slogan W orth Remembering

Insures Higher Percentage of Good Negative sA PERMANENT BLACK FINISHAc id, Alkali and Water-Proof

INDISPENSABLE INDARKROOM'

AND WORKROOM.

Used and recommended by the leading'

Photographic Studios, commercial Finishers,MotionPicture and X Ray Laboratories.

Is an ideal“

coating for trays , tanks , sinks and

fixing boxes of all kinds . For painting dark

room wal ls '

,she lves and floors;water-proofing

home-made trays, etc.

Manufactured express ly for photographic purposes . Easi ly applied , dries quick ly. No dirt—no muss. H a lf-pint tria l '

tin costing only35 cents wi l l save you a lmost asmany do l lars . describing

Pint 6 5: Quart Half Gal.

One Gallon '

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M ANU E A CT U R E R S

220 Post Street San Francisco CHICAGO NEW YORK

Everyphotographic requirement is met by

Eachplate in every'box equals

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in any box.

Hammer'

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chromatic and D. C. Orthochromatic Plates for color-values.

REG.TRADE MARK

Hammer'

s little hoolt , “A Short Talk on Negative Making. mailed free .

amm e r r a te ompanyOhio Ave. and Miami St. St. Louis, Mo .

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M ent ion Camera Cra ft when Corresponding with Advertisers.

Here Are Rea son sW hy

Speed—25% More.

Grain ExtremelyFine.

Grada tion Fr 0mwh i t e to b lackwith all intervening middle tones.

Color Correct—Pro-duces in the picture the true relative tone values asthe eyesees them.

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and BARGAIN LIST No .

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P lease Mention Camera Cra ft when Corresponding wi th Advertisers .

“

e Ba rga ins6 Vx8V V elo stigmat, 8 er. 11 F :4. 5 in Regno

shutter with extra barrelsL ist price $88.00.

‘

Ourlprice $ 6 4 .00.

3%x5V Prem o No . 9, fitted with B. & L.

T essar Ser. IC .F : 4. 5 lens in compound shutter,

rs'

and F. P._

Adapter. List price

Our price

The No . 1 Autographic Spe cia l,C-

‘

ooke F. : 6 .3 lens in Optir'

no shut

t er (used). List price $36 .00. Our

price5x7 Auto Graflex, 5x8 inch) B.

L. Tessar Ser IC F :4 .5 lens 3 holders.List price $ 16 1.00. Our p ric e $ 12 5 .00.

Prem o No : 12 , fitted_

with B . &L. Tessar Ser.

“

10 F :4 .5 lens in Optimo Shutter,F . .P. Adapter , 3 holders. List price