_----::I"":-:-o--.---.-------.----- - chesswanks

[Entered at the Post Office of New York, N. Y., as Second Clnss Matter.}

A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES. Vol. LI.-No. 23. I [NEW SERIES.I J NEW YORK, DECEMBER 6, 1884.

AN IMMENSE VACUUM PAN FOR SUGAR KAKING. about the consistency of thick mortar. It is intended, in The repre,entation herewir.h shows probably the largest operation, that this pan w ill be filled with liquor only to a

vacuum pan ever bui lt, recently constructed by Robert depth of 18 feet, leaving 8 feet vapor space above within Deeley & Co. , at their works, foot of West 32d St. , New the pall itself, besides the room allowed in the great pipe York city, for the Californ ia Sugar Refinery, San Francisco, leading from the top. There is a �pray catcher or interCal . , Claus Spreckles, presiden t. The body of the pan is of cepter in the dome of the pan, and the vapor pipe leading up iron,l% inches thick,tuere being four perpendicular sections, from i ts top is 6 feet in diameter. Si tuated in this vapor two dome-like sections at the top, and one bottom section, pipe, between pan and condeneer, as shown on illustration, all accura.tely and carefully fitted and bolted together. The is a portion enhirged to 10 feet diameter forming a trap to iuside diameter is 17 feet, the height bei ng 31 feet 7 inches, catch any overflow, which can be returned to pan or tanks, and the height to top of overflow 42 feet 6 inches. The as desired, and thence the 6 foot vapol' pipes continue to capaci ty of this pan is about 1,000 barrels, or over 100 ton�, of condenser, which i s 8 feet diameter and 28 feet high. The sugar at each .• s t rike," the time required to make a" strike," condenser has two 8 ibch perforated injection pipes and four or suffieiently exhaust the water from the juice before treat· scattering plates. The pumps which make and main tain tbe meu t by the centrifugal, being under ordinary conditions vacuum are connected with the condenser, forming what is three hours. termed a "d ry" vacuum.

The principle on which a vacuu m pan is based is the fact The pan has two of what are styled lock proof-sticks, for that tile boiling poin t of water, sirup, 01' any liquid, is in removing and testing from time to time a small quantity of part dependent upon the pressure of the atmosphere, the the sirup, but these proof-sticks are in reality tubes with t<>mperature at which Ihe l iquid boi ls being higher or lower nicely fitted valves and a piston for removing the sirup according as the atmf)spheric pressure is increaRed or di- without destroying the vacuum. There are also eight eyemin ished. In practice, with these pans, the liquor is boiled, glasses arranged in different positions to enable the operator at a temperature of 110° to 120° F., so Ihere is no danger of I to keep a constant watch on the work going on inside the burning the Rugal', the inversion of sugar is reduced to a pan . A barometer and thermometer are also con nected with

----- ----- -

[$3.20 per A .. n ...... [POSTAGE PREP_.m_]

the interior of the pan , by which the extent of the vacuum and the temperature of the contents are ind icated at a glance. Formerly vacuum pans were built almost exclusivdy of copper, but of late years cast iron has been the choicp, on ly the heating coils beillg of copper, the coils being so fixed as to prevent their vibrating during t he boiling, and allow ing for expan sion and contraction without strain.

Besides the amount of fuel saved and the economy of conducting the sugar manufacture w i th a pan of such device as th is, where the work can al l be so easi ly o verlooked and the process minutely regulated, probably the greatest advantage of'all lies in the largely increased proportion ilf sugar th us gained, and the compamtively small quantity of molassps wh ich each "strike" affords. By such i mproved pans the yield of sugar amounts to six or eight hogsheads to one o f molasses, while by less improved means only two o r tLree hogsbeads of sugar are obtained to one of molasses.

The whole work was completed in foul' months at the Deeley Iron Works, the order having been recei"ved July 10, ; while the pan was being taken down for shipment the second weeK in November .

The .Tourney oCa Mllllon.

Statistics as carefully studied by Dr. Fan tell us that of a m i l l ion ch ildren ushered into life nearly a hundred and fifty thousand

I r I J. __ . \

millimnm, and the rapidity of the operation is greatly increased. A pan of this size must n ecessari ly be of great strength, in order to resist the atmospheric pressure, which i ncreases according as the vacuum is m 0 r e perfect. _----::I"":-:-o --.---.--------.-----

pass away by the end of the first year. Twelve months later fifty·three thousand more w ill have fol lowed. At the end of the third year the numher living wil1 be diminished by twen-'l'he arrangemen ts

for heat i ng will be readily understlJod by reference tt) the il Iustrati<>n, t he copper coils for this purpose presen ting a surface of over 3,000 square feet. There are eight of these separate coils, five being of 4 inch diameter and three of 5 inch diameter, affording 69 inlets and outletR, and c o n n e c t e d with eight. steam trunks, two of 8 inc:h and six of 12 inch diameter, the steam being supplied by a 30 inch main. Every facUity is given for easy working, all the maiu valve stems being carded to convenient pORitlOUS ou the work ing platform, from which also the "strike," or discharge valve at the bottom of the pan, is operated. This valve is 20 inch diameter.

The pan is charg. ed with the liquor through two 6 inch valves, controlled on the work ing platfor m , t he atmospheric p r e s s ure readily forcing the liquor in . The cane juke with which the pan is charged usu' ally gauges 25° to 30° Baume, or about 10 pounds to tbe gallon, and when discharged i t i 8

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---;_ .• -_._----_ .. _- ------------_ _ _____ ' · _T.:::::�r_--·- --_----- -·-- --------

AN IMMENSE VACUUM PAN FOR SUGAR MAXING,

ty-eight thousand more. Each year of the decade following will make its inroads upon the ranks, but less serious in amount, till the thirteen! h year will call for less than four thousand. Those remaining will fall out by twos and threes till the end of the fortyfifth year, when it w i l l be found that in the interven ing period about five hundred thousand have succumbed to the hardships of the way. At the end of s ixty years three hundred and seventy thousand gray h a i l' e d veterans would still be keeping step with the dut ies of tbe passing days. Eighty years would �ee thirty-seven thousand remaining, w i t h strength impaired and steps growing fel'ble. At the end of ninety-five years but two hundred a n d twenty-three would linger in the darkening path, llnd these woulrl be rapidly thinned t ill in the one bundred and eighth year the last survivor of the million would disappear, and join the ranks of bill predecessors-in the great bost of the majority.

© 1884 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC

352 Jtitufifit �tutritatt. [DECEMBER 6, 18�4. --- ��

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NEW YORK, SA'l'L"RDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1884.

Contents. (lllllstrated articles are marked with an asterisk.!

AnlmHls as barometers ....... '" 357 Ballast, scientific . . . ...... . .. . .. .. 358 Besse\Iler steel works in the

United States ............. 354 Blast. carbon, for extinguishing

fires- .. . . .... .... .. . .. 359 Business and personal . . . . . . ... ... . 362 Cllna . St. I 'etersbur" ............ 352 Claw bar, Harwick"s* . . . . . .•. . . . 3M Cupo a, Dr. Otto Gmelin's· ..... .. 360 Dispatch in the machine shop . .. 306 Distances, estimat .. methods of .. 353 Dye. yellow ... .. ..... . ....... 355 E ectricity from machine belts ... 357 Expansion, value of the coetti-

clent of . . . . . . . .......... 354 Feed mee,hanlsm for roller mills,

Busch's * . . . . . . . • . . • . . • • • �5i Fire escape. Windmeyer's* . .. 3j6 Fluid in vapor engines, efficiency

of.... . ... ............... 352 Force�. natural utilization of in

eleC1 riC lighting .... .. . . . .. .... 853 Founta:n. Collado')'s* . ... .. ... . .. 355 Ful'niture, old and new . . . .... .• . . 860 Gas, natural. vs. coaL . . . . .... .. . . . 361 Gnmbo . .. .. .. . ...... .......... 356 Idl1nium . . . . ... . ....... ... ... .. :. 353 Inventions. agricu·tural .... . . 862 Inventions, enlllneering. . . ... .. 8H2 Inventions, index of . ..... .... 387 Inventions, miRcellaneous. . .... 362 Invent.ors. American, ehance for 3nO Iron and steel, burning of ........ 356

Japan. trade with our . . ... .. .. ... 353 Journey of a million, the ......... 351 Light, firefly . . . .. . .. ... 3til I�ocomotive. smokp. burning •. . . . 857 Mine, iron, a Mexican .... . . . ... . .. 000 l\Te-V books and publications .... .. 86'� No�e8 and queries . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. 387 Uy.sters .. . . . . .. .... ... . . .. .. . . . .... 357 Ozone, liquefaction and color

of .. . ......... . . ... . . . . .... . .. . . 358 Pan, vacuum. for sugar making,

an immense*, . , ................ 851 Paper, let.ter, a sheet of may

move a ton a mile ... . . . .. , ... , 860 Patent Office business, fiscal year

18BS-S4 . . . . .. .. ... . ....... 361 Piano, Mason & liamlin's* ... ,.. 855 Pianos, upright. imp. in"'. ... 355 Plow. 1l1lproved, Stevenson's* . .. 8M Prin0ip es, first, for young me-

chanics . .. . ... . . .. . . ... . .. 357 ReliC. an interesting . . . ......... 3b6 Rope serving mHcbine* . . . . .. ,... 854 Sabine, Rnbert Henry............ S56 Rlide, beautiful, a . . .......... .. 360 SliP-cia ly for our readers .. ... . . .. 852 Steel uniformity . . ... . .. . . .. ... . ... 352 To news agents.. . . . . . .. . . .. . . ... 853 Traulway. elevated, without

rails a new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 358 Women, centenarian • . . . . ' ....... 859 Wood, petrified .. . . .. . .. . ... .. . . .. 354 WOOd. preservation........ • . . .. 361 WOrKing to advantage .. . . .... . . .. 353

===========�� ===================

TABLE OF CON'£EN'£1:l OF

THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT

N"o.466,

For tbe Week endillg December 6, 1884.

Price 10 cents. For sale by all newsdealers.

PAGE 1. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS -A New Method of Con-

structing Horizontal Tubular Boilers . . ... .. ... ... .......... . . . .... . . . . 7lSB Portable Brldlles - \ nth an engraving of the whole structure,

and 151lllures of details 01 Cottran's portable bridge over the River Sarno. at Castellamare . . .... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .... , ................ 70139

Comllined Locomotive and Car.-Lehlgh Valley Railroad . . .... . . . 7«0 The Creators of the Age of Steel.-Bessemer. Stemens, Whit-

worth, and Gilchrist. ........... ........................ . ............... 7445

II. TECHNOLOGY.-Testfor the Viscosity of Oils.-By W. P. MASON 7440 The �tanbope Water Softener and Pnrifier.-With 3 fIgUres ...... 7443

III. ELECTRICITY. ET().-TelephoniDl! without Wires.-A bstract of a, address by Professor E. J. HOUSTON before the Franklin Insti-tnte......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . 7443

Devices for Making Electric Connecttons.-16 figures ..... . . . ... . .. 7444 IV. ARCHITECTURE.-The Wall.-A lecture delivered by Prof. T.

ROGER SMITH to the "rchitectural stndents at University College. -Foundations.-Materials, ancient and modern.-Egyptian. GreCian, and Roman walls.-Arcades.-ornamentatlon of walls .... 7442

V. NATURAL EIISTORY.-Tbe Luminosity of Lnciola Ttallca....... 7446

VI. BOTANY.-Llvistona AustraUs.-With engravln" . . . . . . . . . .. ..... . . 7446

VII. MISCELLANEOUS.-The Englisb Nile Expedition.-The Na.sif-Kheir passing up the 8ab-e -Kebir.-Fnll palle of engravings . .. ... 743'J

Cairo to Khartonm.-A long and interestinll artfcle, with a Ileneral view of Cairo. a map of the Nile, and over fifty small engravIngs of remarkable places, with interestinll descriptions; Including tbe Temple of Luxor. Phlire. Denderah, Esneh, Karnak, Thebes. the Great Sllhinx, the Great PyramIds, etc........ . ............... 7482

The Navillation of the Nile . ... . . .. .. . . . .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... 7437

English Boats for the Nile Expedltlon.-With engraving ... . ... . . 74SB

The annual election of periodicals may be said to be going I as alcohol, and iii a more marked degree. on now. l'his is the time when people make choice of the The vapor of bisulphide of carbon gives a gain in effi-papers and magazines they are to enjoy during the next t welve months. New volumes begin with the coming year, and subscriptions are soon to be entered up. All reade]'s of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN will, as a matter of course, renew. The cost-$3.20 a year-is less than a penny a day. We should be glad if each of our friends would send in one additional penny per diem, and thus add the SUPPLEMENT

to their regular subscriptions. For $7 a year-less than two cents a day-both papers are supplied. These are the cheapest as well as the best scientific publications in the world. We issue a double number this week to present the catalogue of valuable papers published in the SUPPLEMENT.

The reader will therein find the key to vast wealth of information, and w ill conclude, we trust, that duty to himself, to the needs of his calling, to the wants of his mind, requires him to givtl the additional penny and enroll his name as a subscriber •

ciency of 3'71 per cent, and demands a cylinder 0'550 of that of steam. It, however, is not only open to all the objections that have been stated against alcohol and ether, but it has two which are peculiar to itself, viz., its intensely disagreeable odor and its power of rapidly corroding iron which comes alternately into contact with it and with the air.

The vapor of Chloroform, which gives a gain of 3 per cent efficiency, and requires a cylinder 0'761, the volume of that of steam, is not open to the objection of inflammability, but it has so high a cost that it is probably impossible that it can ever be used economically in competition with steam.

All the apparent advantages of the non-aqueous vapors may be gained in the steam engine by an increase of initial pressure ; and, as the tendency of modtlrn practice is in that direction, it seems certain that 1!cJne oj the non-aque· 01t8 vapors will ever 8uccessfully compete with 8team."

. .....

Parents desire the welfare of their sons, want them to be STEEL UNIFORMITY.

intell igent and useful in the w(lrld. It is the special aim of The users of steel for manufacturing purposes, aud pro-the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN to assist in this matter; thou- bably the producers of steel , would welcome any iuformasands can testify that its influence has been effective. Let tion that would insure un iformity ill the produ(·t. It apthe young people regularly see our paper. It is the best in- pears to be almost a waste of illvestigati ng enoeavor to argue vestment that can be made for their benefit. Sooner or -on the relative meri ts of stepl produ ced from the irou aud later it will inspire them with new ideas and higher aspira- that cemented from the bar. The true test of their relative tion8. merits is that of use in practice. Yet there spems to be an

The undeniable tendency of tbe SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN almost insane de8ire to turn all our iron into steel , and to and the SUPPLEMENT is to promote industry, thrift, intelli- produce steel as directly from the ore as pig i ron is progence, and solid progress in every community. Therefore duced. An enthusiast recently called attention to some we ask our frien ds, wherever they live, to use their best in- luthe and planing tools, cast from iron mel ted in the cupola fiuence to increase the number of readers. Whoever causes in the regular way, and then suhmitted to a cementing pro· two copies of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN to circulate where cess of brief duration, claiming them to be true Cftst steel, only one is now taken, is a far greater benefactor than the or its equivalent.. And tbere are others who assume that celebrated grower of grass blades. all the work of cementation and the after processes may be

We have one additional request to ask of our friends, dispensed with, and good tool steel result. namely, that they will inquire if the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN This nonsense will be taken up and repeated by mechanics and SUPPLEMENT are regularly taken and tiled in the town who ma.v be like the Athenians descrihed in Acts xvii., libraries and reading rooms. If not, the attention of the 21 ; but there are workers who know steel from carbonized managers should be at once directed to the matter, for there cast iron, and who require for their work all the proper qua. are no publications so valuable and necessary as the8e for l ities of cast steel. reading rOOm purposes ; and in respect t.o scientific subjects What is neerled in regard to steel i n formation is how to none are so cheap. The yearly numbers of the SUPPLEMENT make cast steel to·day, to-morrow, and RO on indefinitely, alone furnish a mass of readiJlg matter eqUAl in extent to the same. We know tbat i ron can be re fined, and that its ten large volumes of 350 pages each. components can be changed, so as to i mprove its quali t y, fwd

We shall esteem it II special favor if (JUr readers will send so that it can assume 80me of the qualities of cast steel, an d us postal cards giVlDg the acdresses of the libraries or read- be called steel com mercially. But what is required is an ing rooms in the towns where they reside; we shall then take equable qual ity of the steel used for tools. pleasure in forwarding specimens of our papers, from which This equable quality does not exi�t among the steels librarians may determine their usefulness. made by the best known manufacturers ; tbey may clai m it,

••• � • but the facts of practice do not sustain the clai m . All the THE EFFICIENCY OF FLUID IN VAPOR ENGINES. differences in working different lots from the same makers,

Last year, when the so-called thermic motor, or bisul- ill working different bars from the same lot, in working phide carbon engine, was on exhibition here, an effort w as from the same bar, do not come i'rom tbe difference in treatmade by se veral engineers to subject the motor to critical ment and manipulation. A chart of tests comprehending tests, to determine how nearly correct were the pre- the steels of five of the best known man ufacturers of tended claims of great economy set up by the motor people. steels show not only a difference between the products of But no disinterested tests were allowed, and purchasers of i the different establishments, but a great lack of uniformity stock are said to have been badly stuck. Among those who: in the specimens tested from the same maker. An estabdesired to test the "thermic " were the mechanical engi- i l ishment that makes the production of small steel tools a neers, Messrs. H. L. Gantt and D. H. Maury. FaJ:nng to, specialty, and is probably as successful liS any other in this obtain permIssion to test the engine in question, they were I countr)" or other countries, has its tools returned for fai lure compelled to confine themselves to a purely theoretical disin exactly opposite directions -too soft , too hrittle. What cussion of the subject, and the results they have now is to be done? There is the same treat ment of, com mer· gi ven in a very able paper, under the above title, published cially, the same material. The fact is that uniformity in in Van N08trand'8 Magazine. the character of crucihle steel is an attainment yet to be

The authors say: .. Rankine, Clausius, and others have reached. and it is l.ime that scientific and practical men deproved that the amount of heat transformed into work does voted their attention to this attainment, instead of arguing not depend upon the fluid which is the conveyer of that on the identity of purified iron, called " B essemer steel." and heat, but simply upon the limits of temperature between cast steel per se. which the fluid is worked. It follows that, theoretically, • , • , .. all fluids are equally tfficient in transforming heat into St. Petersburg Canal.

w ork ; it does not follow, however, tbat all fluids are equally This canal , which has just been completed, is intended to valuable as the working fluid of an engine, for there are enable ships of large tonnage coming irom abroad to reach other considerations besides efficiency to be taken into ac- the port of St. Petersburg direct, and to take in cargoes count in making choice of a working fluid. We have set I t.here, without haVIng recourse to the hi therto i n evitable ourselves the task of choosing the best working fluid from tran sshIpment at Cronstadt. The canal extends from GOllthe following l iquids : water, alcohol, ether, bisulphide of I touiew on the Neva as far as the small roadstead of Croncarbon, and chloroform. " stadt. A branch has been excavated along the Pontilow

The final condusioos reached are substantially as follows: Railway in the d ir.ectlOn of the Catherinhof, an arm of the "1j we limit maximum pressure to that employed in the I Neva. The Ne va has also been dredged to meet the require-

8team engine, 8team i8 the mo8t e.fftcient fluid we can U8e. ments of the RUSSIan navy, between the canal and the source The relative size of cylin der necessary to produce the same of the Cat.hermhof. The length of Ihe canal is 17% miles, power is smaller for steam than it is for the non-aqueous and the length of its branches is 2� miles. vapors when all have the same initial pressures. The bed of the Neva has been dredged for a distance of

The higher initial pres�ure, involving higher initial tem- 5,333� feet. The canal and the dredged portion of the peraturp, and consequently greater range of temperature, I Neva have a depth of 24J( feet. The depth of the branch causes such an increase of efficiency of the non-aqueous va- ' varies between 17� feet and 23� feet. O n the portion of pors as to put them all above that of water, and to cause I the canal which is protected by embankmentR, the widtb of some doubt as to which would be the best working fluid, I the base is 213 feet for the fir5t four versts from the Ncva. judged thermodynamically only. I This w idth is carried to 275� feet for the next 3M miles,

As the most convenien t method of deciding the question and to 355� feet for the remainder of the canal, w h i ch iR just raised, we may compare each of the vapors with that of the portion of it which is not protected by embankments. water, showing their advantages and disadvantages. I The work of excavating the canal was almost entirely car-

The vapor of alcohol gives us 1'4 per cent more efficiency ried on hy means of nine dredgerR. The imperial order than steam., and requires a cylinder whose volume is only prescribing the construction of the canal was signed June 0'853 of that of the steam cylinder to produce the same 1, 1874, bUI the works were not actual ly commenced until power. The disadvantages of alcohol are the high tension September, 1878. Water was admitted i nto the canal in the of the vapor, the great danger which arises from the ready presence of the Emperor Alexander III. , November 12, 1 883 ; inflammabi lity of the hot liquid, and its cost. I but it is only recen tly that the canal has hef'n finally made

The use of ether would give us a greater gain in efficiency I available for the passage of vessels. The works of the canal (2'11 per cent), and would require a still smaller cylinder cost altogether 1,642,4641.


DECEMBER 6, 1884.] 1titutifit �mtrjtllU. METHODS OF ESTIlIIATING DISTANCES. the approximate distances of the planets. There are many

There appeared recently, in La Nature, a simple method ways in which this little formula will amuse as well as in-of estimating distances, with illustrations and formulre, for struct. G. R. C. use of the military in the field. The method was as follows: 4 • I I .. Small silhouettes of standing and kneeling soldiers are cut Our Trade U'Uh Japan.

out from stiff card-board, and painted black, or the actual Middle aged readers can readily recall the time when the uniforms may be shown in color; the standing soldiers to empire of .Japan and the heart of Africa were equally unbe about one incb in height, and the kneeling ones two- known to the world, and the memory of Perry's notable unthirds of an inch. These figures and the average height of sealing of the ports and commerce of Japan must be fresh in of soldiers (say 65 inches) have a constaut value, and in the their minds. It was a triumph of American diplomacy, and formula given stand hand H respectively. A distance, for I to-day there cOllies to these shores $14,000,000 worth of illustration, is now paced off, by the person holding the goods annually, while the amount and value of these imsilhouettes, of say 3 meters, or abou� 10 feet, from the person ports augment rapidly. A feature of the Japanese trade who is to make the observation, and the silhouettes are ad. seems to be tbat tbose engaged therein almost invariably jmted to just cover the soldiers seen in the distance. This make money. It is a trade whicb calls for special fitness, base line, l, of ten feet, being given, the ratio will stand: and once established seems better than the average silver

H mine. x - l - or required distance, and for this value of l - h' Of Japanese imports, during the season ending December should be 650 feet. By proportion it is shown thus: 31, 1883, New York took nearly $6.000,000 in value;

.1t, 1 H Chicago, $2,500,000; San Francisco, a half million; and Canada say tbree and a half millions. Their value goes to show that in excbange for the half million dollars' worth of refined petroleum sent to Japan last season, Uncle Sam gets an assortment of invaluable articles. First in value and importance is crude camphor, !l. substance that more closely resembles a cheap grade of white sugar than anything else. It was imported to the value of half a million dollars last season-SS 241 piculs.

1 inch : 10 feet: : 65 inch: x = 650 feet.

It will be seen by this operation that l must vary with x. Tbere is anotber method of estimating distances which

the writer of this adupted several years ago merely for pastime. As some surprisingly accurate measurements have been made hy this method, and as some of the ideas appear to have a bearing on the question of a possible absolute ratio of measurement, pertaining to, and variable with, each individual, it is given herewith, for the purpose of mquiry and thought. The experiments at the time were based upon this idea, that the true focal distance of every eye will furnish a true working ratio for all distances, providec1 practical application of the same can be realized. In this method, H, the diameter or height of a distant object, and l, the focal distance of 10 inches, will each be constant; but h will have

to vary with iV, or, x = H �, provided the normal focal dis

tance l of the observer is 10 inches. To make the matter still clearer to the mind, let us consider that for every nnit of distance an object decreases in width ?"(f, 01' for 10 units a decrease of 1 is found. By this, it can be readily seen that a focal ratio is obtained for a measurement in units; whether in inches, feet, or miles; as the diameter of the distant object shall determine.

Ip this simple way an approximate distance of the moon or sun, as well as terrestrial objects, may be worked out in a few minute�.

My method of operation. was as follows: Having, aft.er repeated trials, fixed upon 10 inches as the true focal distance in my case, a simple sight piece alld measuring apparatus was constructed, con�isting of a ten inch wooden rod or eye rest, to the end of which was attached a movable slide or gauge, exposing an opening in an upright metal diaphragm, which was firmly attached to the end of the rod; by- moving the gauge in and out, the diameter of a distant object could be easily sighted, and the open space could be then measured by a micrometer. Several measurements having been obtained, the mean is taken to be the true one.

F11l't ber, to illustrate: Su pp08e the same distance is taken as in the measurement given with the silhouettes, taking

the formula a: =H �, and substituting the figures, we have

0846 . x = 5·5 feet 10 =650 feet. That IS, the focal measure-

ment of a soldier 5'5 feet in height is found to be 0'084.6 of an inch. and one-tenth of this gives the ratio for every foot of distance.

A good way in estimating short distances is to select a window of a dwelling. 'l'be average width of windows is about, 3 feet; at the distance of half a mile one should just cover 0 011 of an inch in the micrometer.

Any object may be selected, the average width or length of which is known, such as barns, houses, haystacks, stone walls, sections in rail fences, or a common barway, telegraph poles, etc.

H a focal distance of less or more than 10 inches is used in sighting and measuring an object, it should take the place of 10 in t.he formula given above; the approximate distance obtained in either case should be the same. Suppose some pleasant night we wish to find the distance of the moon from the earth. For this pur'pose a glass micrometer ruled with nark lines should be used, ruled either to the -(. or t.lIe Th of an inch; after several trials, an average diameter shnllld he obtained of about 0'09 of an inch; this of course will vary somewhat witb the moon's distance. Now the

Japanese vegetable wax is another important product of the awakened island. It is a rival of paraffine wax in many ways, and is con8umed in great quantities by New England cartridge makers, and by manufacturers of celluloid. Of this substance, over 2,600 piculs were imported last season, worth nearly $300,000. The cuttlefish bone, without which the life of the imprisoned canary would be stale, flat, and unpJ'ofitable, is still another product of Japanese origin. Over 1,600 piculs were imported last season. worth $246,000. This article showed an increase in the amount import.ed of 100 per cent over the previous year's trade. Then comes Japanese fish oil, a competitor of our menhaden oil. The wonderful abundance of fish in Japanese waters, and the fact that labor can be procured for a few cent, daily, enable exporters to send this oil 10,000 miles, and still compete with that expressed from fish that swarm alollg the Atlantic coast. Of this article, over 100,000 piculs were imported, worth $246,000. Isinglass, due to the abundance of fish ulready refel'l'ed to, was imported from Japan last season to the extent of nearly 9,000 picule, worth $264,500.

The metal antimony, of prime necessity in medicine, is yet another valuable product of Japan, and the last season brought out nearly 30,000 piculs, worth $138,000. The type founder is a large consumer of this peculiar metal also, for it possesses the singular property of retaining its volume when cooling after melting, while other metals shrink. This eudows metal alloyed with antimony with the attribute of retaining a clear cut impression of the mould, so requisite in type making. Among the articles which are found among the Japanese merchants' samples is a silvery powder. Tbis powder glistens from the surface of modern wall paper, imparting a beautiful appearance, and it serves to enhance the charming snow scenes depicted on Prang's Christmas cards. This substance is Japanese mica, ground to powder, and when used as described gives the article it is spread upon all the sparkling beauty worn by the surface of snow under the moon's rays.

The list of Japanese gnods includes a long array of articles, some of them as unique as the country from whence they come and the people who make them, but the independent Record asserts that above are the leading articles of interest to our trades.

Working to Advantage.

It is amusing to notice how easily a workman who understands some of the mechanical principles tbat govern the behavior of matte I', w ill handle a difficult undertaking wit.h no otber strength than his own, assisted witb a little fore·· thought and head work. A large water wheel sbaft lying in a wheel pit, and loaded down with pulleys and a large gear wheel, was brought out by a single workman and placed across Ihe beams of iron, while the rest of the machinery was in motion, and sent off to the shop without anyone ever noticing the difficult undertaking. When this same piece of macbinery was first set in place, a dozen hands took part in the undertaking a.nd stirred up the whole concern for material to work with, and arranged a slide with pulley blocks strong enough to launch a vessel on dry land, puued and hauled everytbing to pieces, cut and injured everything that

approximate dist'lnce will be: came within their reach, to say 1I0th ing about the other little � 2,162 (moon's diaiJ.) -7- 0'09 = 240,000 miles. incidents that would last a village gossip for a week, such as

k · d d ' h d . a few broken bones, a lame foot, wtth the doctor's bill Let us "ext smo e our mlcometer, an urmg t e ay tIme tl .

" II'0wn Ill. take a I(,ok at the SUII.

• • I But the shaft found its place, however; and when the time Rl>l'POse.

our �easnrement stands 0'093 of an lOch, the dlS- arri-,red for a change in its position, as well as additional fits tance obtamed III the same way as above would be: to be made, a chain made fast to the beam overhead and

x = 850.000 (sun's diam.) -7- 0'093 = 92,391,000 miles. fast beneath the shaft through tbeopen spaces in the pulleys Tbere is considerable misapprehension on the part of mo�t to another at the other end, enabled the workman to 1'011 the

people concl'rning the great difference between the appar- Rhaft np out, of the pit by turning tbe gear wheel, while he ent visual diameter of tbe moon and the sun and that to be himself backed up the ladder till the load was placed cal'eobtained by micrometric measnrement. But few people fully on the planks that had been left, with a little forewill believe that the actual measurement or" either is less thought, where be could slip them in place with his feet. tban the tenth of an inch, until a fair trial has been made. Such an underta\dng is certainly a risky one, and we would In a similar way, with the aid of a telescope, and the diame- not advise such a proceeding. especially wben the machinery tel'S as given by the astronomers, we may partially verify on all sides was in motion. Instances of this kind have been

353 noticed where it was almost impossihle to understand how such difficult und'ertakings could have been accomplished with the material they had to work with, while otbers, of a

very simple nature, have brought mishaps,.nd failures, with nearly everything anyone could ask for to work with.

A large gear wheel, several feet across, was to be placed over the end of an upright shaft, and nearly a whole day had been expended in making the preparations for moving the wheel on rollers and elevating with jack screws, when two strung hands took hold of tbe wheel and placed it in its po�ition on the shaft while tbe others were taking their noon bour, by first balancing the wheel on one edge of the hub and rolling it on thiR portion of the wheel up the indine of a stout beam, without meddling with the blocks and roller ways that bad been all the forenoon in preparation.

A heavy column was once elevated into its upright position by a small lad, with no other help than his own strength and a little calculation, after those who had been employed to raise the structure had given it up in despair, by taking advantage of the rocking motion allowed in the position the column was to occupy, WhICh allowed this youthful specimen of grit to set up each shore, on either side, by moving one at a time as the column was crowded on to the other, till at la,t it stood upright upon its base.

Hundreds of instances of tbis kind can be related where the success was owing to the careful manner in which the whole performance had heen laid out at the commencement, and followed with care and forethonght that prutected the whole proceeding from accidents and mishaps, while others have come to an untimely ead in their end"avors, through negligence and carelessness on the part of the work hands, who had no defi n ite idea as to what they were driving at.

B08ton Journal oj Commerce.

The lJ"tll1zatlon oC Natural Forces In Electric Lighting.

In the discussion of the paper on "Domestic Electric Lighting," read by Mr. W. H. Preece at the recent meeting of the British Association in Montreal, Sir W. Thomson referred to the facilities afforded by the proximity of the Lachine Rapids, situated five miles distant, for lighting the city by electricity generated by the aid of natural forces. An experiment in tbis direction is now being made at Bellegarde, in the department of the Saone-et-Loire. Some two and a half years ago M. Dnmont., a manufacturer of the t:>wn, waR granted permission to utilize the waters of the Valserine (a btream in the vicinity), with the view of obtaining a supply of motive power; and the necessary works were commenced. They were finished last year, and are described in La Nature.

'rhe course of the stream lies between high rocks, and the water is dammed up by means of a wall about 40 feet wide at its base, and having three sluices for regulating. the dirpetion and volume of the current. The water has a fall of 165 feet, and flows ont at the rate of 1,100 gallons per second; heing equivalent to a hydrnulic power of 2,000 horses. This force it is intenl\ed eventually to divide between three t.urbines, one of which (of 600 borse power) ha� already been fitted up, and is employed in driving the machinery used in the lighting of the town by electricity. The current is generated by two small Gramme machines; and the lighting is done by Edison incandescent lamps placed in the ordinary street lanterns. No accumulators are employed, so that the cnrrent passes to the· main conductor (which is carried round the town on poll'S) directly from the generators; its strength being regulated, not by them, but by the turbine which drives them. The lighting is said to be brilliant; but there are several inconveniences attending it. In the first place, the lamps (even those of the private consumers) fire either all alight 01' all out at the same time. Then there have been some rather untimtly extinctions; while occar,ional variations in the luminous intP,nsity of the lamps have testified to certain irregnlarities in connection with the nlacbinery. Leaving these out of consideration, M. Dumont may be said to have succeeded fairly well in lighting a town by electricity generated by the aid of natural forces. He hope8, however, to go beyond this, and afford, by means of electric cables, a supply of power to th08e works whose proprietors may be willing to take it of him.

"'.11 .. Idullinm.

"Iduninm" is the name proposed by Professor Websky for the metal just discovered by bim as one of the cumponents of native vanac1ate of lead. The mineral is rather a scarce one of a yellow color, and contains several other metals, of which zinc, iron, and arsenic are amung the most prominent. Idunium resembles vanadine in several respects, both physically and chemically, whiie the only oxic1e hitherto examined forms stable 3alts with alkaline bases, and thU3 would appear to possess distinctly acid prop�rties. It will· probably be known by and by as "idunic acid," and as its general characteristics and reactions correspond to those of vanadic acid, its formula will probably be ld.O •.

To NeU's Agents.

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354 The Value oC the Coeftlclent oC Expan8lon.

An 'iIIustration of the w ay in W hICh a coefficient like 0 '000006, th at of the expansion of steel , may become a big thing- with a few degrees of rise of temperature and long lengths has been seen, says the Engineer, on the new lVlid· land l ine between Irchester and Suarnbrook, recent ly opened for goods traffic. 'rue rai ls were laid during winter time, and insufficient room was left for expansion, consequen tly the ,ummer heat expanded the rai ls to such an extent that the road burst out of l ine. Traffic had to be at once stopped and the permanent way altered and properly spaced. Accidents from the " spreading " of rails are far more frequent that is su pposed on roads in thIS country. Your com piler long RgO showed the vital nec�ssity of regulating the space allowed for expansion at the ends of rails by constant reference t o the height of the thermometer on the spot and during the whole process of laying the rai ls,

.. . . , .. CLAW BAR.

The square face-plate of hardened steel has . its corner� bent upward, rounded, and recessed to form claws for receivin g the body and head of a spike ; the under side is sligutly con vexed to fit snugly upon the curved upper side of the bar, to which it is united by means of a pivot bolt and n ut. The bar is formed substantially the same as an ordi· nary cl aw ba� for drawing railroad spikes, with a recess in the end for the body of the spike. Through the bar, direct ly in the ·rear of the pivot bolt, is a hole, through which is passed a bo lt whose head rests in one of the claw recesses of the face-plate ; tue under side of the bar is rabbeted to form a bearing for the nut. If th e claws which are in use should break , by removing the real' bolt anothel' pail' of ja ws may be brought over the recess in the bar. The recesses lD the face pl!lte may be of different widths to adapt the bar to spikes of different sizes.

It is ev ident that this c l a w bar will wear four times as long as tile ordinary bar, and by renew ing the worn-out plat,e

Jtitutifi t !mtritllU. l!'EED MECHANISM FOR ROLLER MILLS.

The engravings illustrate a feeding device for roller mills, patented by MI'. Julius Busch , of Marine, Ill. , which will deliver the material even ly to the rolls. The material is directed to the grinding rolls, B, by cant boards. Adjustably supported from the cant boards or the sides of the h opper by a threaded rod having an adj usting nut is a half-bell shaped

5 '""1!ill!!F'\CJ -D V "' 0

BUSCH'S FEED .MECHANISM FOR ROLLER MILLS.

distributer, A, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2; or as shown in Fig. 3, two of these distri buters may be combined. Fixed to a rod supported within slot ted brackets, D, is an inclined spout, C, the lower end of wh ich is directly over, or nearly over, the apex of the distributer upon which·tbe material is delivered. Tbe rod is .prevented from turning by the action of screws and nu t s resting upon the bottom of the brackets, the inclination of the spout, to deliver the material higber or lower, baving been previously affected. The slots in the brackets permit of tbe lat.eral adjustment of the rod t o admit of tbe lower end of the spout being located farther from or nearer to the distributer, accord ing as the end of the spout is raised or lowered . A smaner distributel may be placed upon the apex of the large one 'W hen fine, soft material is being fed to the rol ls ; two of these may be nni ted for use with the distribu ter, A, Fig. 3. Material is fed to the hopper through delivery spouts. For coarse, sharp middli llgs the distributer, A, only will be needed. The middlings from the spout, C, striking upon the curved face of the distributet', wi ll be spread in a thin , even stream, which, falling upon the side of the hopper or the cant board, will be delivered in an even st ream to the rolls. For fine, so ft milldlings the smaller distributer may be placed upon the apex of the other, and the spout so adjusted as to deliver neal' the upper apex.

... . . . .. ROPE SERVING MACHINE.

The frames are supported upon wheels adapted to run on I HARDWICK'S CLAW BAR, suitable rails for moving the machine along the ropes that are

arranged in guides, A, on the top beam. Mounted on each can be qnickly refitted for use ; and as the plate can be more guide is a toothed wheel , B, which is geared with a master nicely fi mshed and bet ter tempered than the end of the com- wheel , D, operated from a crank , J. Each of the wheels, B, ili o n bar, st i l l gl'eatel' durahility is in�ured. carries a boss extending a short distance from the side paral-

Th i s i nvention has been pat ented by Mr. James L. Hard- leI with the rope to which tbe tension device, E-called by wick, lock box 569, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. the inventor a " mallet "-is pivoted to bear on �he rope.

• , . , .. This device (Fig. 2 is a section of one of tue guides and ten-Bessemer Steel Work8 In the l1nlted State8. I sian devices, anu Fig, 3 sbows a tension device and reel car·

Tbere are 21 Bes.emer steel works in the United States rier divided in two parts and bol ted together to facilitate and 1 LD process of buildi n g. Tbese 21 works contain 46 the rigging of the machine to the ropes) consists or a cylindricon verters, and 3 converters are building. The total annual capacity of the works completed is 2,490. 000 net tons of ingots. The plant bui ld- ,2 ing is tbat of the Bpnwood Iron Works, aBt'n wood, W. Va. The States that have Besse mel' works are : Massachusetts, one, with two

4 ton con verters ; New York, one, with two 7 ton con verters ; Penn'ylvania, n ine, with t wenty-t wo

converters, and one building, ranging in size from 2 ton to 10 ton ; West Virginia, one, with two 5 ton con verters, and one building, which will have two 4 ton converters ; Ohio, three, with fi ve con verters, ranging in size from 4 ton to 10 tall ; Ill i no i s, four, with nine converters, ranging from 6 ton to 10 ton ; Missouri, one, with two 7 ton converters ; Colorado, one, with two 5 ton con verters.

The fir�t Bessemer plant in the United States was erected in Troy, N. Y. , and made its first blow February 15 1865 ; the second was erected at Steelton, Pa. , and made its first blow June, 1867 ; the third was erected in Cleveland, O bio, which made its first blow October 1 5, 1868. The largest Bessemer plant in the United States is that at Steel ton , Pa. , which contains two 7 ton and three 8 ton converters . The next largest are the Edgar Thomson, at Pittsburg, and the North Chicago, at Chicago, wh ich have three 10 tOll con verters. The domestIC works are now more than able to supply al l domestic demands for Bessemer steel, and one of them recently receiv.ed a 10,000 tOD order from Canada for raiis. McQUARRIE'S ROPE SERVING MACHINE.

[DECEMBER 6, 1 884. - ---.--.. 4

cal block of wood of considerably larger diameter than the rope, and having � groove along the side next to the rope, in which the rope i s made to bear by the yarn which, in passing from the spools, F, is carried around the mallet and the rope a coup le of turns, first passing through an eye in an arm projecting from the mallet. The spools are pivoted in arms projecting from the mallet and from the boss, so that the spools and mallets are carried around the ropes.

The guides are made in two parts, the upper of which may be taken off t.o facilitate the adjusting of the ropes, and the w beels, B, are also diVided for the same purpose. '1'0 enable tbe attendant to turn the wlDdlDg wheels whi le walking by the side of the machine, and also to enable the crank to be applied so as not to be interfered with by the ropes, the train of wheel s, H, is geared with 11 wheel on the shaft of the master wheel, D, the crank belDg applied to the shaft, H. The mach ine Will natu ral ly feed along by the pressure of the coils laid on the ropes against the ya rn being laid on ; but it w ill need to be pushed to some ext.en t by the attendant, and the pusb rod , K, is so arranged that tbp, force is applied at tbe middle of the front end ; the rod extends back, so that the operator can push the mach lDe w i t h the left haud while turning the crank with the right.

Further particulars regardmg this ma�hine may be obtained by addressing the inven tor, Mr. Ar chibald McQuar. rie, Post Office, Buffalo, N. Y.

... . . , .. AN IMPROVED PLOW.

The accompanying engraVll lg shows a plow which, although suitable for use on level ground and as a cultivator after planting, is more particularly intended to he used as a sidehill corn planter. The inner plow beam carries, near its forward end , a share secured to a standard, and a coIter.

The corn hoppel', E, is provided with a slide operated from the handle, D, by means of intermediate connect ing rods and levers. A supplemen tary plow beam, A. carries a share, standard, and colter similar to those on the main beam.

STEVENSON'S IMPROVED PLOW.

This plow beam is arranged to lie to one side of the rear portion of the main beam, as show n by the full l ines in both cuts, or to either side of the main heam, as shown by the full and doLted lines in the plaK view, to do tbe hill-side 01' special work required of the plow and planter. To accom

plish this pnrpose the beam is fitted to turn borizontally from tbe rear end of the main beam to opposite sides of the latter. The ends of both beams are slotted and connected by a l ink pivoted at each end. When the beam , A, is swung t o a po-

sition in line with the m ain beam, i t s share and colter fRce in a reverse direction to the forward share and col ter ; but when it is swung to eit her side, the shares and colters face in the same di

rection with the rear ones to one side o f those forw ard. The movable beam is held in place by a tooth on its free end, engaging wi th a latch, C, on either side of the main beam. A very i m.

pOl"tant advantage of this combined plow and

planter is that the share . on tbe beam, A, mny al ways be l ocated on t he upper &ide of the h i ll

w u en at work, to operate as a covering shovf)J. This invention has been patented by Mr. James

N. Stevenson, of Salvisa, Ky. -------.. ... ... ---------

Petrified Wood.

The petrified wood which is so abun� Arizona, Wyomi n g, and Rocky M()un�n regions, is util ized in San Francisco , whete tbere is no w a factory for cutting and polish i rl'� these petrifacUolls into mantelpieces, tiles, tahkt,s, lind other architec t ura l parts for which marble or �late is co mmonly used. Petrified wood is suid to be susceptible of a finer polish than mar hie or

even onyx, the latter of which it is drivi ng from

the market . The raw material employed comes

mostly from the forests of petrified wood along the line of the Atlantic a n d Pacific Rail way. Geologists will regret the destruction of such

in teresting primeval remains , and some steps ought to be taken to preserve cert!l.in tracts In

their original state.


DECEMBER 6, 1 884.] IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT PIANOS.

Improvements in the constructiou of upright pianos have been in vented and introduced by the Ma�on & Hamlin Co. , of Boston , New York , and Chicago, which add material ly

to the vallie of these instrumen ts, render ing them ca pable of tones of extraord inary purity an d beauty, and much increasing their d urahi l i ty ; overcoming in large degree the tendency to fall from the pitch and get out uf tune, which has been the most serious practicltl difficu l ty in the pianoforte.

The princi pal of thl:'se i mprovemen ts, which we shal l il

lus t rate and describe, consists in a rl i fferent mode of fastening the strings. Instead of holding them by i ro n pins d riven

Fig. 2.

into wood, as has heretofore been done, the Mason & Ham

lin Co. , by an ingt'nious inven tion , fasten each string directly to the iron plate i tsel f, so holding it exactly, securely, anri permanenny. From the inst abi l ity and changeable character of wond it has been im possible to n o t h is when the latter mat erial w as employed . Yet upon such exact hold ing eviden tly depends very la rgely the qual i ty of tone of t h e piano, and III sti l l greater degree its capaci ty to stand at correct pi tch.

THE OLD METHOD OF �TRING-ING PIANOS

is shown in Fig. 4. X is It part of the iron pl ate, which, when securely bolted to t he heavy wood support at its back, y, forms the frame on which the strings are stretched. These stdngs are l leld by the iron wrest pillR, Z Z Z, which are s imply d riven i n to holes prepared for them in the w ood. Somet imes the iron plate i s extended to cover the whole of the wooden fraffie, and in that. case bas holes through w hich the wrest pins are driven into the wood . In tuning the instruments the iron pins are turned back or forward, winding or un w inding, and so tighteni ng or loosening the

strings. Disad vantages of this old met hod eviden tly are : 1. It is difficul l to tune t he instrument exartly. A vp.ry

slight turning of the pin hack or forward changes the tension of the stri ng suffieiently to alter the pitch materially. The : 'uer bas, therefore. to turn the pin hack and forward rep-eatedly until he h its, partly by chan.ce, the exact tension required . Sometimes he is compelled to effpct the sl ight d ifference I , eeded by bend ing the p in, or fO l cing i t toward or away from the s t ri ng, so as to tigh ten or loosen i t very

sl igh t ly. Now , the hol d of the pin u po n the w ood , by w h i ch the string is held , is mainly through friction , and by the process of tU l i i ng t h i s f riction is lessened , jnst as the hold of a rou nd nail i n wood i s diminished by t urning it round and bending to and fro. Thus every time a piano constl'llcled on this old Eystnn is tuned , it is more or less injured . It is not a rare case that the injury i s so great as to render the piano practical ly mel ess i n a few year�, be cause it hecomes practically impossible to tune i t with any reasonable approac!J to accnracy.

2. A yet more important disad vantage of this old m e th od of holding the stri ng's ari ,es from the changeable nnture o f the wood, which s wells and shrin ks with atmospheric changes. It m ust be re membered that a very slight change in the t ension o f the string w ill affect the pitch of its tone . Hence least changes in the wood, w hich would ord inari ly be immaterial , al 'e o f consequence here. The great liabi l i ty of pianos, as they uave been made. to get out of tune, arises mainly from th is cause . and every player knows that its constant getti ng out of tune is the great d ifficulty in the use of the piano. The fact that tbe w bole iron plate of the i nstru ment has been securely bolted to a heavy wooden frame increases this d ifficulty, because in swel ling and shr ink ing the wood springs the pl ate more or less.

3. The heavy wood support of unvibratlDg wood at the back of the iron plate IS a detriment to the i n strument, preventing the freest., fullest vibration of its strings, and tending to m ake its tones dull and mixed with

Ititufifi t jtutritau. THE IMPROVED METHOD OF STRINGING

invented by the Mason & Hamlin Co. , and introduced in their pianos, i s s h o w n in accompnnying cuts. Fig. 1 shows a p iano w ith tbe fron t of the case removed. H i s the i ron plate or frame, made Atrong enough to bear the full strain of

Fig. 4.

the st rings without any w ood support at Ill'. back, w hich i s so left open f o r more perrect and free vi bration of strings and reson ance of tones as reflected from tue sou:Jd board , which extends beh ind the stri ngs to the top of the frame. B B i s a meta l flange cast in and forming a part of the i ron plate or frame itsel f. Through this flange pass the screws, A , . to the 10weL' ends of wh ieh the strings are attached.

Fig. 2 .shows on a larger scale a side view of the stringing device. by which the string is fastened to the iron frame and its tension is regulated.

Fig. 3 g ives a fron t vie w of tbe same, soowing the upper parts of six -strings (producing two tones).

A is the screw threaded nut, by the turning of w hich the strings are drawn up or let down. B is a flange, cast. in and a part of the iron plate Hself. 0 i s the Rcrew headed blade to which the stri ngs are attached. D is the gui de which h " lds the scre w headed blade i.n position d u ring the proeess of tU lling. E is the mual pressure bar wh ich holds t he st ri l l g firmly to the upper bridge. F is the upper bridge. a triang-u lar pi.ece of metal, 'on wHich the strings rest, and are pro-

355 perly spaced. G i s the string itself. H H is a part of the iron plate or frame on which the stri ngs are stretched.

It wil l be seen that by this method o f stringing, the employment of wood, either for the 'fastening of the strings or the support of tbe i ron frame at its back, i s entirely d ispenRed wi tb , and so the d isadvantages of its use are avoided ; metal w i t b its greater strength and comparatively ctangeless character being substituted . Principal advantages claimed for th is method of stringing are :

1 . Pecul i a rly bright and pure musical tones are produced. The strings, being exactly and permanent ly held at eHch end, are not liable to (he imperfect or false vibrations w h ich are i nevitable in the o l d w a y o f stringi ng. Then the absence of the wood at the back of the me· tal frame is a material advan· tage,giving great freed om to the tones produced by the vibration of �trings as perfect ly reflected from the soundiug board.

2. Permanence in good qual ities o f tou e i s sec u r e d . T h e strings remain as properly 8tretch · ed on the iron frame, and are not su bject to the un favorable changes com i n g from fasten i ngs i n changeable wood.

3. The piano is ea�ily and exactly tuned, and !Jas €xtraordinn ry capaci ty to remain in tune. Under t h e old sy stem consider· able force was required to turn

Fig. 3.

the wrest pin, antI one revol ution o f i t t i gh telled or loosened the string as much as the w h ole circum ference of the pin. By the n e w system a com plete revol ution of the tuning screw tigh tens or loosens the st ri ng only the width of one thread of the screw, requiring propor t i on ately less force to operate i t . Exact work is t hus rendered easy.

The m etal frame and fasten i ngs are not l iable to change. After a few tunings, sufficient to take out the mere stretch of tbe strings, they remain as set, and the piano hardly requires tuning at all. :Moreover, it is not injured by tun i ng, as must he the case with wrest pins s�t in wood, as has been sbown. These pianos are, evidently, peculiarly adapted to posi tions where tuuers are not readily avail-

able, as well as to cl i mates which involve trying cond i t ions, not only as to temperature, h u m i d i ty, etc . , but also from ravages of i nsects , which in some countries so destroy the fiber of the wood that in a short time w rest. pins lose thei r hold upon it, and the instrument becomes uReless.

Otber improvements of lIIinor importance are incl uded in th ese p ianos. One is an improvemell t upon the French u pright action, now very generally med, by w hich its capaci ty for rap id repet i t ion of tones is much increased.

The cost of these pianos wi l l be somew ha t m"re than I hat or instru men ts constructed on the old system ; but advantages obtained eviden tly warrant th is.

mere noise. Fig'. I .-MASON & HAMLIN'S IMPROVED UPRIGHT PIANO.

The Mason & H amlin Co. are well known as having been the first to introduce and manufacture the American organ, w h ich has now become the most popular and l a rgely used of large m us ical i n ;;trumen ts. Their very succes;;ful experience in the manufacture of 1 50,00U organs has am ply fitted them for the im provement of mu�ical instrumen t s, and given them a worl dwide repntation w h ich tbey would be very u n w i l ling to jeopard ize. They have, t.herefore, been experimenting with pian os several years, and t esting their improvements in every way before being willitlg to give them to the publ ic. They have now obtained and thoroughly tested results which w arrant them in the ext ensive manufacture o f their new upright pianos.


The Burning oC Iron and Steel.

Iron that has been rai sed to neal' its temperatUl'e of fu�ion ana slowly cooled is designated as " burned " or overheated metal. It is both red short and cold sbort., and exhibits a coarse, crystalline structure and a bright glistening fracture. Such i ron contains oxygen . But this oxygen is not, as is comm only believed, derived from without during the heating ; but it was previously contained iu the i ron itself through the medium of the scoria or slag impurities mixed with it. When the iron is raised to the fusing heat, or near it, a chemical reaction takes place ; the metal l ic iron reduces 'he sesquioxide to protoxide, which, by being dissolved in the i ron , alters the properties of the latter. The coarsely crystal l ine quality of iron so treated is n ot due to the presence of the oxygen. The metal usually contains a notable quantity of phosphorus, which is wel l known to give a coarse grain accompanied by the quality described as cold short. The crystal lization takes placc during the slow cooling While at rest. The greater the proportion of phosphorus present, the lower is the temperature to which the iron may be raised wi thout being lmrned. Pure iron should not take up more than 0 ·25 per cent of oxygen in solut.ion . Though this substance does not greatly affect the ductility of the metal w hen cold, it acts l ike sulphur on its malleabi lity.

The qualities of steel also undergo change when heated to a high temperature, or when subjected to a lower temperature for too long a time. The richer the steel is in carbon, the lower is the temperature at which the change takes place. Therefore, the harder the steel , the more carefully is it to be dealt with in the fire. Such overheated steel becomes coarse grained and brittle ; that is, cold short. If the temperature be i ncreased, showers of sparks are thrown off, and tbe steel is said to be " burned . " The alteration brought about in th is way has general ly been attributed to a d i minution in the proportion of the carbon constituent, thuugh tbis assumption is not warranted by the resnlts of analYRis. The presence of manganese and silicon is of more weighty consequence. When steel containing these is heated it is n ot the carbon , but the manganese and sil i con, that first becomes oxid ized , and there results an i mport.an t cbange in the properties of the steel. Later the carbon is oxidized ; and while the oxide of carbon escapes, those of the manganese and silicon remain behind, and the whole molecular struc t ure of tbe metal is altered. If the heating be carried still further, the iron will next be oxidized. A cast i ron furnace door, exposed for several years to the flame of a coal fire, was found to contain 27 ·8 per cent of oxygen, in combination with iron, sulphur, nickel, copper, phosphorus, and arsenic. The cause of the sparks is not tbe combustion of the carbon, and the consequent generation of carbonic oxide gas, but the escape of gases imprisoned in tbe steel . Similar results may be brought about by expos ing the steel to a lower temperature for a longer time ; the oxidation of the consti tuents will, in this case, be effected in the order mentioned above, the only difference being in the slower action . Steel altered in t.his way is wel l described as " dead ." A regeneration of the metal by mechanical treatment is bardly possible, since tbe original chemical composition cannot be restored by such means. -Jahrbuchfur den Berg- und Huttenmann.

'4 '4 • • • An Interesting Bellc.

A writer in the Panama Star-Herald says : Recently I had the p leasure Olf examining an old piece of SpaniSh ordDftllce. It is a brass breech-loading cannon, the property of our esteemed friend, the Bishop of Panama. The exact measure-

Jtitutifi t !tuttitau. sbot with lead to secure accuracy of aim, and prevent the loss of tbe gases generated by the explosion of the powder?

The weight of this very interest i ng relic of the Spanish Main of " ye olden days " is probably 125 pounds. In view of its antiquity, the symmetrical proportions are excellent. While Lieut. Napoleon Bonaparte Wyse's expedition was in the Darien, tbree guns of this type were discovered and brought to Panama. The gun under consideration was pre · sented to Bishop Paul, and the others are in the Paris Museum.

. . . , . A :NOVEL FIRE ESCAPE.

A bag or chute made of canvas or other suitable material, and open at both ends, is folded regularly and placed upon a truck provided with wheels and handles. One end of the bag is secured firmly toa frame hinged to the truck in such a way that when raised to a vertical position its lower ends will rest on the ends of the side bars of the truck trame. At the hinged end of the frame is arranged a cushion that can be placed over the window sill. The end of the bag is secured to the frame in such a manner that it can be entered through the frame. The frame is held in a vertical position by hinged side braces, and the top cross bar is of such length as to extend beyond the side bars of the window frame. The lower end of the bag is provided with handles.

To use the fire escape the truck is rolled to a window, the frame is swung to a vertical position, and the bag is dropped out of the window. The weigbt of the chute presses the top cross piece of the frame against the uprights of the window frame. The cushion is placed over the sill. and the lower end of the bag is held by a few powerful men, who grasp the handles, and thus prevent the bag from hanging vertically, as it is necessary that it should have

WINDl'II.AYER'S NOVEL FIRE ESCAPE.

a certain inclination to prevent the persons from sliding down too rapidly. The people to be rescued step through the frame into the chute and slide down, the speed of the descent being checked by pressing the knees and elbows against tbe bag.

Further particulars regarding this fire escape can be obtained by addressing the inventor, Mr. A. J. Windmayer, of Fort Madison, Iowa.

ments of this shapely piece of art illery are as follows : • I • • .. The diameter of the bore at the muzzle is three i n ches. Dispatch i n the Machine Shop.

Back of tbe muzzle band, on a raised square measuring two The importance of a reputation for promptness tn the ful-inches by two, is tbe letter R, for Rey. The circum ference fillment of engagements, and the execution of orders on the of the muzzle band is eighteen and a hal f inches. The cir- very day they are promised , is well i l lustrated by an incum feren ce of the secontl band is th irteen inches. The ex- cident related in a contemporary, The Industrial World. treme length of the piece is forty·iour inches. The di�tance A short lime since a party who contemplated having between tbe edgcs of the trunn ions i s n ine and a half inches, some expel l sive machinery made was inquiring where he their c ircumferencll is seven and a half inches, and their d i- had best send h is order. A friend �uggested tbe name of a ameter two and one·eightb inches. The first part or swel l well known machinist near at hand. The reply to this of the breech, just back of the trunnions, measures twenty- suggestion was : " Wbile I know A to be one of the best one and a bal f inches. Circumference of the breech at i ts machinists in the town, yet he is so proverbially slow that thickest part, twenty-one and a half inches. Thickness of tbere is no telling when he would complete tbe work. I its sides, one and a half inches. Internal diameter of the can not afford to take the chances of his delays . " A did not bore where breech block closed tbe gun, three inches and an get the job ; it was given to a firm who bad a superior eightb . In the upper posterior third of the breech, on both reputation for getting out work in a satisfactory manner sides, are two slots, measuring two incbes and a hal f hori- with great dispatch. zon tally by three-quarters of an inch wide. These unuoubt- This order was the beginning of a very large business, edly were used for passi t lg a transvtlrse bar, that held the and it i3 safe to say that A's reputation for negligence lost block in posi tion during traveling and firi ng. In the under h im business the profits on which would, in a short time, surface of the breech chambet' there is an opening, square have amoun ted to no less than ten thousand dollars. How externally, measuring half au inch ; it tapers off to a small many similar customers A has lost on account of his lax round bole til at enlers the chamber about its center. OIle metbods, no one knows. It is probable that his losses in can hardly fancy that it was the firing hole. A careful ex- this respect amount to many thou�ands of dollars, for be is aminat ion leads one to suppose that as the block fitted with only doing a limited business, notwithstanding bis reputaalmost matbemat ical accuracy, this opening was probably tion for good workmansh ip is second to none, he being left to allow air to escape in closing tbe breech, and permit capable of successful ly complet ing all sorts of the finer and rapid firing', etc. Tbe measurements of the breech cham- more intricate mechanical work. bel'S are five and a half inches longitudinally by four and a There is nothing that can be seemingly more vexatious than balf i ncbes transversely. the customary delays in perfecti ng machine work . While

The gun evidently was designed and cast upon well knowu it may be true that in tbis kind of employment there are scientific principles, such as are recognized to th is day. The numerous unexpected occurrences tending constantly to deupper part of tbe breech lock, fitted under a strongly cast feat the prompt dispatch of work, yet these difficulties are shoulder of brass, in the tbickest part of the side of tbe borll, such as can be overcome by the display of extraordinary just inside the trunnions. As stated , the diameter of the exertion and by paying a due regard to the minute details bore anteriorly is three inches ; posteriorly, three inches and of the business. Machin ists have frequently a fault of acan eighth. Did the early Spanish artillerists cover thei J· ceptiug orders for more business than they can do within

L DECEMBER 6, 1 884. the time �tipulated. In their endeavors to fill their shops with work, they book more orders than they can take care of, and hence let their engagements get abead of t.hem, resulting too often in delaying i mportant jobs, and in keeping everybody connected with the business in a bad temper.

It can readily be conceived that when a man orders a macbine completed on a particular day, and bas made bis arrangements in accordance with a bel ief that the macbin ist will live up to his engagement, the d isappointment in the event of a non-fulfillment must be very great, as in not a few cases is also the loss.

Al l tbat some people care for is to p;et the orders on their books, and l i ttle regard is paid to tbe time when they are filled. 'rhis is a wrong which will operate seriously to the discredit of the offending machin ist. � If there were no loss of trade, no Qecline of reputation, or other ill -effects of the inexcusable course, a due regard for doing what is just and right sho uld i nspire the machin ist to do his work promptly and in the best manner.

When a man leaves an order and agrees to pay a price for work done for him, there is an obligation on the workman'S part to perform it in manner and form as agreed. Notbing avoidable should be allowed to prevent the honest conSUDlmation of this agreement.

There are occasionally valid excuses for the non-fulfillment of an agreement to get out machinery at a specified time. In such instances no blame can attach to the machinist, but it IS safe to say that n inety per ccnt of the customary delays in mach ine shop practice might be prevented by intel l igent foretbought or by extra exertion.

.. , . , .. G UlDbo.

On tIle Canadian Pacific Rai lway, west of Winnipeg, it is noticeable that all the prairie land is free from Rtones. For great distances along the l ine, one bushel of stones could not be gathered in fi fty m iles. In the neighborhood of Brandon the soil is gravelly, and there are some large bowlders, which are striated in the east and west direction ; these are tbe only bowlders to be met with for 400 miles from Winnipeg.

The absence of earth-worms and slugs is a marked feature of this soil. When d ry, it is hard to work ; d u ring the summer it can scarcely be plowed ; when wet, it adheres so hard to carriage w heels and boots, that i t can only be removed by being scraped off. A very little moisture produces this st.ate. It is very difficult to work in this condition , as it cau searcely be cast off the shovel or the scraper; with 20 per cent. moisture it somewhat re�embles hai r-set mastic or glue. The most adhesive qualities of this soil are termed " gumbo ." V{hen " gumbo" dries, it bakes too hard to be plowed ; on several occasions it was taken out with picks, in large blocks, and laid by hand in the dump. In its worst cond ition of moisture it will hold the boofs of horses working in it and pull tbeir shoes off ; this has occurred repeatedly, and within one hour of their havi ng been set. The authors kiln-dried and soaked �ome of it, and found it would absorb 72 per cent. of moisture before becoming " slurry."

The frost penetrates the ground to a considerable depth. In the excavations for the main sewer in Winnipeg some years ago, a layer of frozen clay, 12 i nches thick, was found 8 feet bel ow thr. surface in the month of August. Tile presence of frost in the lower layers of tbe subsoil is not prejudicial to the growth of the crop. The soil does not heave when the frost leaves i t in spring, which is a marked d ifference to the clay <3uhsoils of the eastern provinces. Houses can be built on sills laid on the surface of the ground ; foundation walls or piles nave to be carried down 8 feet. Frost has a beneficial effect on the earthworks, crumbling down the " gu·mbo" and causing it to fall like fine garden soil. It also consolidates the embankments.

.. I . , .. Robert Henry Sabine.

This eminent el ectrician, wbo is well known for a variety of useful works, d i ed in London on tbe 24th of October. Sabine was born at Dorchester on November 6, 1837, but subsequently lived at Bristol with his father, Mr. H. S, Sabine, a solicitor. Educated at Bristol, he en tered his father's office at the age of seventeen ; but man i festing a preference for engi nel!ri ng studies, he was scnt to Manches ter to enter an engineering firm, and there met the late S ir William S iemens, who engaged him as an assistant. In 1859 he weut til the Mediterranean on H.M. S. Fi rebrand to test the Siemens deep sea tbermometer, and afterward was transferred to the Berlin works of Siemens & Halske. He subsequently engaged in cable work abroad, and fi l ially left Siemens, Halske & Co. to become a consulting engineer in 1867. In 1871 he became associated with Sir Charles Wheatstone in a private factory, whicb afterward developed into the British Telegraph Manufactory. Here tlte first Gramme machines were made, and many in teresting experiments in electric lighting carried on. Sabine was married to Sir Charles Wheatstone's second daughter. For some years he was in partnership with Sir Samuel Canning. His best known works are the " Electrical Tables and Formulre," which he prepared w i th Mr . Latimer Clark, and his " History and Progress of the Electric Telegraph, " which, although overweighted with the productions of Messrs. Siemens Brothers to the excl usion of other inventors, is nevertheless a clear and correct work. His best known rEsearch i� on a . . Method of Measuring the Contour of Electl'ic Waves passing through Telegrapb Lines, " and his most original invention is perbaos the " wedge and diaphragm photometer. "


DECEMBER 6, 1 884.J Ititufifi t J.meritau. I than the most improved steam engine can gi ve us of the stored up energy of the coal that is devoured in the furnaces under the bOIlers. With all this advantage, electric bat-

Electricity fi"OOl Machine Belt8. terJ(,s are not used to drive machines with any hope of eco-To the Editor of the &ientijie American: nomical results.

Seeing in this week's (Nov. 15) SCIENTIFIC AMERIOAN Zmc has been gathered from the earth as an ore, it has and SUPPLEMENT notes aboll l electricity on machIne lJelting, been converted Into a metal, or the metal has been gathered in wh ich I was very much interested, I concluded to send from the ore by means of coal and much labor ; its market you a word of my experience, hoping some others may do p rice is measured by the cost of Its production . To burn the same, who may have it. up zinc at five cents a pound 10 actds costmg but few cents

We have at present a very marked production of electri- per pound, with a certain ty of get ting from the metal 70 or city on a pail' of elevator engines in a very unfavorable 80 per cent of its theoretICal energy in motIve force, yet place, it being in a basement of a large warehouse for stoved, makes the venture a more costly one than the burn Ing of This basement is very moist at al l t i mes, and the engines are coal under a boi ler with the knowledge that we are at the well connected electrically through the steam pipe to boiler best getting but little more than ten per cent of the theoand feed pump, and to the ground by water main, also steam retICal power that lies h idden in that coal. Tbe electriCIty traps i n the ground ; tbe engines being set on large stone that is now lightmg our streets, the electricity that is uti : slabs. In spite of this, they at all times produce enough ized in places to drive the street cars, has behind It the electricity to be seen. I have seen sparks 27,t; i nches long, steam engine or the waterfall . the windmill. or some other this heing from the belt to nearest pomt on the frame of the motor. engine. Another effect is that botb k i nds of electricity are By means of a �team engine we drive a nynamo electI'lc produced , the e lectricity bei ng reversed when the engines machine, ano the electricity thence proceeding lights our are reversed. When the bel t i s run DIng from the lower side streets or may be reconverted, with some loss, back into the of drum pulley to eng ine pulley, positive electrIcity escapes power that created it; for one dynamo machine can be made from ed ge of belt to brake rod. Wben the belt ru ns in op- thus to drive another, tbe electrlCity bei ng carried from one posite direction, negative electricity escapes from the frame to the other by proper conductors. What , t.hen, IS electricity of engine to face of belt. To judge from the experIment as we now use i t in the way of power, but as the belts and I made, as below mentioned, a moist temperature does not the gearIllg that carries our steam power to the machines ? seem to totally prevent the production of electricity. I have It is a belt wIth more or less sl ip . But this is not to remam brushed the edges aud face of bel t w ith a h an dful of moist so forever. Tbe future of electricity as a power is fuU of waste, after w hich the sparks were as usual. E ven on raIllY promise. The coal we now squander, using but a smaIi perdays I have noticed the sparks 1 0 pass the same, when I was centage of Its theoretIcal dynamic force, is capable of yieldnot able to produce any with the plate macbine . ing i ts energy either as beat or as electricity ; and tbe tIme

I have no doubt. about the sparks set.ting fire t o combust!- w ill come when we will not bUrD this coal to boil water, and hIe dust. I have bU l'Dt holes th rough paper!! of several III I hat boiling lose say 1,000 n n i t s of Its heat at the momen t thicknesses. The sparks are of a very blUIsh to a yek.owlsh of the conversion of water i nto steam , lose all thIS, never to color, with a loud crack, the passage of neg:tt Ive be10g most be getting i t back, but we will take from the coal its energy bluish . I notice by running a w ire across the facll of belt, i t in the form of electriCIty, we hope in more neal' ratio to its reduces the size of the sparks, but it did not prevent the true value, and then we can convert t hat energy into wba.\.production of same . Have OI l ed the belts with cas�or OIl soever other form of energy we may require. The best that witbout produci n g any change. science can do is to point ont just what energy there is in thiS

The elevator engines are made by Crane Brot hers, of th is or that source of power. The most we can hope to utilize of city. They are a pair o f 4, 000 pounds capac i ty, double vel" ' th is energy as power w il l never am ount to 100 per cent. tical engines , i n the basement of .the new stove warehou�e of Nature gives us nothing without exacting something in Rathbone Sard Co. , runn ing for two hours every w orking payment. day. A .pound of water is the same as a pound of metal so

I hlive no doubt there are engines in more favorable places far as i ts power from gravity is concerned. In falhng than these wh ich do not prod uce electricity. G. A. H. through space i t will exert just as much force as any other

Chica!!:o, Ill . . Nov. 17, 1884. pound weight is capable of doing, and no more ; it will do the wO l'k due to one pound fallIng D.t any p;iven velocity lesf!

First Princlple8 for Young MechaniCS. the friction' of the machine OT of the moving parts. We A well grounded knowledge of the great l aw or p1'1 nciple turn water into steam wi th a certain knowledge of the

of conservation of energy should be taught with the mul t i- powel' that can be gained by uding the elastic vapor as a plication table. It can be so taugbt if the teachers them- spring, or we may tear . the gases, wb ich combined form selves are certai n that there is in the universe only so much water, apart, and use these gases in recombination to proenergy, and that we cannot make one particle more than al- duce power, out less power than was taken to teal' them ready existed. With a clear u uderstanding of this principle, apart, never more. no t ime w il l be . wasted 10 search after perpetual motion Science has made us so sure of these facts t hat we can machines, and fewer mistakes wi l l be made by real ly earnest base our fai th on them, and w ith th is knowledge we are seekers after improved machines for use or improved wi l l ing that others than ourse lves shall invest the ir money methods. Wben a young man brings to me some wonder- i n machines whieh are claimed to be ab le to uevelop from ful improvement over tbe ordinary crank m otion , some defi ve drops of pure water i nclosed in a ball, power en ough to vice that is to supersede the c1'8uk of the steam engine, a p ropel the largest steamship across the ocean. It is ignorfee l ing of utter helplessness comes over me ; I know \lot ance of the unalterable laws of physics that leads ignomnt where or how to bei!;in ; he has had no opportunity to l earn people into squandering money on so-called wonderful in the si m ple la ws of mechanics, and 1 0 poin t out the fallacy ventions that, out of nothing, are to g i ve us great results. of his argument means to teach h im the laws of mechanics, An ignorant man will spelld his t ime pondering over perso I can only say to him, " Don't," and may advise him petual motion machin!:'s, so will a man with brain gone what book� to read . wrong ; the first will quit his folly with more 1earning, the

We hear or read almost daily of the wonders of science, second finds hiS home in the madhouse. A third and w orse and what is to be accomplish ed by electricity. .. It i s to be I class aim to deceive, and, for a time, many a one has done the great power of the future, " Is it a power no w ? We so. When shrewd ignorance resorts to d ishonest methods, may use i t indIrectly to drive machmery, we may make use the confiding public is apt to suffer in pocket.-Coleman of it to propel the cars on our street roads, but is it a power Sellers. in tbe sense that steam is a power ? Let us think of this a few moments. We call steam a power, and our factories are driven by steam power ; or we call water w hen falling a power, and we dri ve the machinery in other factories by water wheels ; or we pump w ater into the reservoirs at Fairmonnt by water power Wbere we have no fall of water, and where fuel is scarce but wmd plen ty, we grind corn in a mill d ri ven by wi n d, and the wind is our power ; these and other sources of power may be called primary powers.

Secondary power is that which is transmitted from the pri me motol' to a machine. One macbine may be driven by bel t power, and another may be driven by gearing, etc. Electricity, as we now use It, as a power must be classed in its greatest economy with the secondary powers, with the bel t 01' the gearing, n ot with the steam engme and the w ater wheel . We dig from the earth coal that contains the stored up energy of the slln's heat expended on forests that ex isted long before man came to live on this planet. We burn that coal u nder Ol1r boilers, and the steam generated by this appl ication of heat to water is used to drive the pistoil of the steam enginE', and from thence IS the power conveyed by belt or gearmg by sbafts. or even by electricity, to the machines to be operated. We can burn up zinc in costly acids, and generate electricity tbat can be used to d l'lve an electdc engine , and so in turn operate machineFl exactly as in the case of tbe steam engine. In th is case electricity is a power exactly as steam IS to be considered as a power ; and wbat is more, t.Iie electrie Latte .·y will giye' us more nearly"the whole of tbe stored up energy of the metlll eaten u p in the battery

A. SOloke Burning LocoOlotive.

A new locomotiv�, invented by Mr. Charles B, Coventry, tried on the Chicago and NOI'th western Railway, has given great satisfaction. Dnring t wo succeedi ng weeks it has heen on trial on the suburban trains on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific. The poorest qual i ty of bituminous coal was used , and yet at n o time, al t hough at one point it ran 50 miles an hour, did any black smoke come out of the stack. Not a particle of c inders aud dust WAS thrown out. The smoke that was emitted was thID and white lookingmuch like escaping steam. There wa3 no bad o:1or from escaping gas, as is the ca�e in ordinary engines. Mr. Coventry explained that the gaseR on ordinary engines are nsually thrown out of the stack, which is the calIse of the density of smoke. 0" his engine the gases are all burned , and that is what CBuses the absence of smoke, which results, of course, in B saving in fuel. The new locomot ive presents an entirely d ifferent appearance from those now in use. Instead of having a large, conical-shaped smoke stack in front, it has a straight smoke stack, simi lar to those in use on locomotives in England and Europe, in the rear just in front of the cab. The boiler has two sets of flues, small ones in the lower part and larger ones in the upper part. The smoke runs twelve feet tbrou!h the lower flues, and then returns by tbe larger fl ues to the rear, where the smoke stack is placed. Thus the smoke traverses twenty-four feet before reaching the smoke stack, instead of twelve feet, as is the

357 case in ordinary boilers. The heavy cinders and dust. not being able to rise from the lower small flues into the upper large ones, fall into a smoke arch in front and can be emptied on the ground at any tIme. There is another smoke arch to catch the l ighter particles of dust and ashes at the end of the large I ' flues in the rear of the boIler. Thus nothing but a lIght white smoke passes through the smoke stack in the rear, and no cinders, sparks, or fire IS thrown out.

. . . � .

°Y8ter8.

The oyster industry is rapidly passing from tlIe hands of the fishermen in to those of oyster culturists. The oyster, bemg sedentary., except for a few days in the earliest F.tages of Ats existence, is easily extermmated in any given locality, since, although it may not be pOSSIble for the fishermen to rake up from the bottom every individual, wholesale methods of capture soon result i ll covering up or otherwise destroymg the oyster banks or reefs, as the communities of oysters are tecbnIcally termed. The maIn difference bet.ween the oyster industry of America and that of Europe hes 10 the fact tbat i n Europe the native bedfJ have long since been practicaD:y destroyed , perhaps not more tban 6 01' 7 per cent o f the oysters of Eu rope passing from tbe native beds dIrectly mto the hands of tbe consumer. It is probable that from 60 to 75 per cent are reared from t he seed in artIfiCIal parks, the remainder having been laid down for a tIme t o mcrease in size and flavor ltn the shoal waters along the coasts.

In the United Sta tes, on the other hand, from 30 to 40 per cent of all the oysters consumed are carI'led from the nat ive '>eds dIrectly to market. The oyster fishery IS every where carried on m the most reckless manner, and in all direct ions oyster grounds are becoming deteriorated, and in some cases have bep.n ent l l'ely destroyed. It remains to be seen whether the governments of the States will regll iate the oyster fishenes before It IS too late, or w ill permIt the destruction of these vast reservoirs of food . At present the oyster is one of the cheapest articles o f d Iet in the United States, while in England, as has been well said , an o:yster is usually worth as much as, or more, than a L1 ew laid egg. It ('an hardly be expected that the p rice of American oysters wil l always remain so low as at present : but, taking into consideration tbe great wealth of the natural beds along the en tire Atlantic coa�t, it seems prohable that a moderate amount of protection will keep the price of seed oysters far be low the presen t European rates, and that the immense stretche� of submerged land along our coasts especial ly suited for oyster plantmg may he utilized and may be made to p roduce an abundant harvest at a much less cost than that which acf10mpanies the complicated system of culture in France and Hol land. G. Brown Goode.

4 . . . ..

AniOlal8 a8 BaroOleter8.

SaYI:! a writer in the Oineinn ati Enquirer: I do not know of any surer way of predict i ng the changes i n the weather than by observing the habits of the snail . They do not drink, but imbibe moisture during a rain and exude it afterward� ThIS animal is never seen abroad except before rain, whp.n you Will see It climbing the bark of trees and getting on the leaves. The tree snall, as it is called, two days before a rain wil l climb up the stems of plants, and if the rain i s going to be a hard and long one, t hen they get on the sheltered SIde of a leaf, but if a sbort J ain on the outside.

Then tbere are ot ber species that bel ore a rain are yello w ; after it, blue. Others indicate rain by holes and protuherances, which before a rain rise as large tubercles. These wIll begin to show thems"lves ten d ays before a rain . At the end of each tubercle is a pore, which opens when the rUID come!'., to absorb and draw in the moist.ure. In other snails deep indentations, beginn ing at the head between the horns, and ending with the join ture of the tail, appear a few days before a storm.

Every farmer knows when swallows fly low that rain is coming ; sailors, when the sea gulls fly toward the landwhen the stormy petrel appears, or Mother Carey's chickens, as they are called , predict foul weather.

Take the ants : have you ne ver 'noticed the act ivity tbey dii'play before a storm-hurry. scurry, rush ing h i ther and yon, as if they were letter carriers making six trips a day, or expressmen behmd time ? Dogs grow sleepy and dull, and l ike to lIe before a fire as ra in a pproaches; chickens pick up pebbles, fowls ro! . 1D the dust, flies sting and bite more viciously, frogs croak more clamorously, gnats assemble under trees, and horses display restlessness.

When y o u see a s wan flying agaimt the wind, spiders crowding on a wall, toads commg out of their holes in unusual numbers of an evening, worms, slugs, ano snails appearing, robin redhreasts pecking at our windows, p igeons coming to the dovecote earl i er than usual, peacocks squallllIg at night, mice squeaking, or geese wasbing, you can put them down as rain signs. Nearly all the animals h ave some way of telling the weather in advance. It mny be that the altered cond i tion of the atmosphere with regard to e leCtri city, which generally accompanies cbanges of weather, makes them feel disagreeable or pleasant. The fact that the cat licks herself before a storm is urged by some naturalists as proof of the special i nfluence of electrici ty. Man is not so · sensitive. Yet many people feel listless before a storm, to

Bay not.hing of aggravated headaches, toothaches, rheumatic pains, and last. but not least, corns.


Jritut ifi r �mtti rau. A NEW ELEVATED TRAMWAY WITHOUT RAlLS. base ; and strong in i t s majesty and popularity, it was able Tbe question of the Paris Metropolitan Railway is tbe to say, ' You c�nnot pass ! ' This was the obstacle, the for

order of the day, and not a week passes w i thout the presen t- tunate ohstacle if there evet' was one, that preven ted the ation of some new project, which is very naturally commission of a piece of foolish ness wi t hout appeal . superior to all others-at least in the mind of i ts pro- " But, leaving the Opera out of view, would it have been moter. possible to allow two elevated rai lways to pass in such

Whatever be the future in store for the one that we de- streets as Montm artre, fOMlxam ple ? These roads would sire to lay before our readers on tbe present occa3ion, it j have toucbed each other, and would have grazed the houses would be difficult to deny it its dominant Cbaracter-origin . and completely closed the street. A new causeway would ality. The following IS a resume of the considera· tions througb which Captain Edward Mazet w as led to invent his " New Metropol itan Railway wi tbout Rails, Cars, Bridges, or Tunnels. " The sequel wi l l show in what measure the system justifies its appellation. Two systems of metropol itan rai l ways are in presence, viz. , the underground and tbe elevated. Captain Mazet makes short work of the former of these : " What prevents and always w ill prevent the establishment of the first of these systems in such a city as Paris, i s that it would have been necessary at the original formation of the c ity . in view of its present and future extension , to combine in advance the d iffer· ent routes that would have to he taken later on, without any possible entanglements, by the sewers, the water and gas mains, and tbe telegraph and telephone tubes,

Fig. 1.

etc. , and finally to make provision fer a free and sufficient have bee n created on a level with tbe first stories, while space in wbich a doulJIe .track railway could run wi thout the horses and carriages would have moved ahout in a forest of necessity of changing any of the sewers, mains, etc. , now ex· cast iron pi llars.

.

isting. " Financially speaking, the affair was a colossal one. Mr. ,c But, as one could not foresee what Paris would become, Songean, the presiden t of the Municipal Committee, spoke

any more than we can di v i n e what it will be in future time, of nothing less than a bill ion and ·a half. In face of the,e amt as we are, moreover, conv inced tbat th is i mpossibil ity figures, which carry alarm wi th them , I shall go 110 furtber. " of d ivin ing wi l l be perpetuated to future ages, we believe In the system proposed by CapL Mazet there is no change that we can put for lh the opinion that the material and fin- made in the configuration o f the city. In princi ple, i t conancial difficulties that have accumu lated since the first ' sists of a series of cast iron columns, 30 or 45 feet apart, tribe set l lt'd upon t.he banks of I b e Seine, up to onr o w n upon which slides a boat or aerial car which i s long enough day, will now and forever prevent Ihe establishment of an to always rest upon two columns at once. This car is formed underground line at Paris. of double T irons connected by cross bars and diagonal stays

" In sum, the creation of such a line 8hould precede tbe made of light iron. Tbe bottom slides, through the interme· creation of tte city in which it is to be estahlish ed, �i nce, dium of rollers, in grooves in the columns serving as t rack when a city is in existence w i th all the arteries indispens· able to its l ife, the material and fin ancial difficulties thnt pre· I sent themselves may be considered as insurmountable. In I the second place, the creation of an underground railway canrwt precede the creation' of a city where it i s to be established, si nce the necessity of such a line only makes itse lf felt when there is an agglomeration of inbabi tants, that is to say, a city.

" We see that, on tbe one hand, they ought to precede, and tbat, on the other, they canrwt, and so we conclude that city underground rai lways must be rejected . "

Fig. 2.

[DECEMBER 6, 1 884. tubes at the base of the columns, and actuating the rollers through intermedia�e gearing, 01' by means of compressed air, steam, electric condu its, etc. "

We think it would be simple(' and more practical to imitate what has been done in telpberage by Mr. Fleming Jenki lls, to leave tbe motor on the car aud lead the current from a central station by underground conductors, with contacts on each column. The endless cable a rrangement appears to us impracticable. The same is the case with

the system of propulsion consisting of a complication of racks and cl icks, wh ich would necessarily furnish abrupt and jerking movements.

We have no intention , however, of making a complete technical critici sm of Capt. Mazet.'s project ; it has sufficed to indicate the prominent l ines of his very original idea , Carried out upon a small scale, it will oblain a certain success at fairs, and somewhat rejuvenate tbose wooden horses whose an tique form is beginning to tire amateurs. Alongside of th is recreative application there is another and more i m portant one proposed by Capt. Mazet, and that is the use of the system for crossing rivers, marshes, plains, and preCIpices. This is shown in Fig. 4. Aside from the eco· nomic question resulting from the suppression of arches, and tbe facility of construction, a sti l l more important

aqvantage would be gained, and that is the facil i ta l ing of navigation througb tbe rivers being no longer closed by those barriers which at pre�ent fix a l i mi t to it. A glance at Fig. 4 will give a better idea of the matter than a long explanation.-La NatUl'e.

Lique1'actlon and Color 01' Ozone.

The most i mportant d i scoveries during the past three years concern ing the properties of ozone are those made by Hautefeuille and Cbappuis. They found that ozone is a blue gas, the color appearing sky bl ue even when only so much ozone is p resent as is obtained in the ozonation of Ihe oxygen contained in a tube a meter in length by the silent discharge, Furthermore, they found that under very great pressures the conden sed gas becomes indigo blue. If the pressure is increased to 75 atmosp beres and then snddenly rel ieved, a dense wh ite cloud is formed , showing the beginn ing of liqu efactIOn, while tbe same phenomenon does not take place with pure oxygen until a pressu re of 300 atmospheres is attained. Tbe oZune must be compressed slowly and with const.ant cooling, otherwise it will explode wi th evol u tion of heat and l ight. By mi xing the ozone with carbon diox ide, and then submitting the mixture to great col d and pressure, Hautefeuille and Cha ppuis succp.eried in obtain ing a deep blue liquid, the blue color being due to the liquefied ozone.

Tbe same observers have studied the absorption spectrum Oaptain Mazet allows ten years for the construction of an underground, and passes in review the present means of locomotion, that bave become ent ire ly insufficient , in order to demonstrate that an immediate solution of tbe proiJlem is necesslU"y.

" It is necessary that we shall in six months be able to travel in Paris witb a speed of 24 miles per hour, and thai trains shal l pass ill all the principal st reets every two min· utes."

of ozone, and nccurate mea-urements of the same have been (Fig. 1). Tbe engiue room is in front, and the brake' is at made by W. N, Hartley. The latter has extended the retbe rear. Tbe rest is reserved for passengers. Fig. 2 gives search to the absorption of certain parts of the �un's rays a tran s verse section of the . cal', and shows how it is sus- by atmospheric ozone. By this new optical method he has pended, and also the form of the columns. arri ved at the con cl nsion s : 1st. That ozone is a constant

The following is the judgment tbat he pronounces npoll elevated roads :

" Foreseeing the antipathy of the Parisian to an underground road, an endeavor had to be made t.o seek another mode of carriage, and , for a cert.ain length of t ime, a project for a railway l'llnn ing over bridges has been under study.

" Tbis would have required the erecting of bridges u pon pillars in all the principal streets and boulevards, and it is

Fig. 3 is a perspecl i ve vie w sho wing the boat-cars mnn ing constituent of the upper .atmosphere. 2d. That it is present i n the boulevard s. in larger amounts in the upper than in the lower part of

The lower part of the boat·car'projects only about 3% feet. the earth's atmosphere. 3d. Tbat it is tbe cause of the blue Upon placing the columns in tbe l ine occu pied by the I rees, I color of the sky.-Proj. A. R, Leed8. the external side of the Cllr would he perpendicular to the i . .. , • I • edge of the sidewalk. The posts 01' eolumns replnce t he Scientific Ballast.

present lamp posts. They are 3 bout 1 5 feet in height, 4 feet Some years ago a most interesting find of fossils was made in diameter at the base, and 20 in ches at the t.op. The at the Portland stone quarries. They were of high scientific grooves are sl ightly fan-shaped on each side, to serve as a value, and i t was decided to send them to Yale College for guide to prevent the car from missing a SUPPl)!'t, should preservation and study. They were accordingly loaded upon the wind or vibrations give it an obl ique direction . a fiat car at :Middletown and sent on their way, a car load of

" The motor may be either an electric one, supplied. by them, It was !it that time that the finp. stone bridge of the

Fig, 3. A NEW ELEVATED TRAMWAY WITHOUT RAILS. Fig. 4.

upon tbese that the trains would h ave run on a level with the first stories of the houses, which then would have passed to tbe state of ground fioors, while the shops, the ornaments of Paris, would have descended into the cellars. It would have been .senseless-still more so than tbe uuderground. Paris, tbal coquette who pas,es all her time and spends all her mouey in embellisbing herself, would have been for�ver disfigured.

." Hideous bridges of COld-gray cast iron, hiding the houses, the hotels, the Opera. would have proved a mortal blow to Paris, which would have soon passed to the state of a borough.

" Fortunately, the Opera was thertl, well seated upon its

Faure-Sellon-Volckmar, or Reynier, or Ayrton & Perry ac. , C�lDsolidate� road was being built across tbe. Farmington cumulat ors. or a steam one, without smoke, 01' a compressed River, at WlOdsor. After .the arch of tbe bndge was set, air 0 1' carbonic acid one, the spa(:e was filled in on top witb quantities of broken trap

" If, in order to render the cal' ligllter, or in order to ob· rock froUJ the companies' quanies at Meriden. This broken tain a greater seating capacity . the engine were done away stone at just this time was being drawn to Windsor by t.he with , the motive power w ould be furnished hy a central cars for this pmpose. Tbe conductor of one t rain discovered station, which w ould set a roller or a wheel in mol ion. tbe car load of fossils side· tracked at Berlin, and fel t sure

c, The lower part of the car, which passed over I his rol ler that it was n lot of ballast for the Windsor bridge which had 01' wheel , would be threaded �o as to preven t s l id ing. and been aCCidentally left behind. With commendable zeal he the car would follow its route by bein&, carried along by tbe fastened to i t at once, and drew it on to the bridge. Tbere revolving rol lers at each post. t.he rare fossils were dumped with the other stones, and

" The power m ight be transmit t ed from the. central station there to-day they lie in the solid flooring of the massive by means of an endless cable passing through underground bridge.-Harlford (Oonn.) Ooura-nt.


DECEMBER 6, 1 884.] THE CARBON BLAST.

We have recently had brought under our notice a new principle of exti nguishing fires. It is the invention of Mr. John K. J. Foster, and is being introduced in London.

In our engraving, A is a hoiler or the jacket of a firebox, B. in which a fire is burnt for the purpose of vitiating air. It has an uptake, C, for steam from

Centenarian WOlDen.

Mrs. Phrebe Brockway d ied at U nion Springs, N. Y. , on the 14th of November, 1884, at the remarkable age of 112 years. She had four children, o f whom th ree are still living, Mrs. Marshall Whipple, aged 80, Mrs. Menzie, and Wil l iam Brockway. Mrs. Brockway was well known as a strong and

359 THE COLLADON FOUNTAIN.

In my lecture courses I have often endeavored to render visible to all the pupils assembled in the amphitheater the d ifferen t forms that are assumed by a stream of water issuing from variolls orifices, and it was for this purpose that I was led to illumi nate internally a stream placed in a dark

space. I have found that such an arrangement is well adapted to meet the object 1 had in view, and that, moreover, it offers in its results one of the most beaut iful and curious experimen t s that can be performed during a course of lectures on opt ics.

the boiler or jacket, and another, D, for the products of com bustion from the firc box, B. E is a fan drawing the prod ncts of com bnstion from the firebox, B, th rough a p ipe, F, con necting the uptake, D, with the fan cas ing. G is a similar pipe connecting the steam uptake, C, with the discharge outlet of the fan . H HI are throttle valves coupled so that when H closes the outlet through the chimney, HI opens a passage through F to the fan , and 'Dice versa. A similar pair of coupled val ves, I II, control C and G. S is a small h igh pressure boiler supplying steam to an engine, K, which d rives the fan . Its chimney is connected 'With pipe, F, by a pipe, L, and a s imilar pair of coupled valves is provided to control the communication. M is the exhaust pipe of the engi ne leading to the uptake, C, below the valve, I. N is an opening in t he suction pi pe, F, of the fan closed by a th rottle valve, which THE CARBON BLAST FOR EXTINGUISHIN G FIRES.

The apparatus that I use for these experiment;; consists of an oblong vessel, about th ree feet in height, in one of w hose sides, a little above the base, there is an a perture into wbich are screwed different d iaphragms in order to vary the size and form of the jet. This latter escapes from the vessel in a horizontal dirf ction. In order to illumill9.te it internally, an aperture is formed in the back of the vessel, and to this there is fitted a convex lens, while outside of the vessel there is added a short, horizontal , internally blackened tube designed to prevent the rays that are oblique with respect to the axis from entering the vessel.

The apparatus is placed in a dark is only opened when ordinary pu re air is to be admitted to the fan to clear a room of tbe vitiated air after a fire. P is the deliver." pipe of the fan, m ade of metal in sbort lengths, fitted together telescopically. Otber si m i lar telescopic pipes, pi, may be arlded on by scre w cou plings, or the delive ry pipe may be otherw ise construc ted. The fly wheel of the engi ne is con nected to the crank sbaft by a clutcb, so that it may be th rown in and out of gear by a handle. r, to enable the fan to be d riven by hand at first by a handle, T, on the fly w beel , for the purpose of creating a d raught i n the furnace of boi ler, S, the valye, II , then being shut, and the fan drawing air through the pipe, L.

We thus have what theoretically appears to be a very perfect means of extinguishing fi res, and which we hope 80011 to see tried in practice. Our engraving shows an engine adapted for fi re brigades, but for mills and factories generally t he fan may be so adjusted to the furn ace of the ordinary boiler as to be ready at any moment. Steam may be allowed to mix with the vitiated ai if advisable.

The fan would draw the atmosphere through the fire box, the oxygen would be destroyed, and .. could be con veyed in to any room in the factory at will by a fixed sheet iron conductor of sufficien t dimensions, having branches with valves to communicate wi th every room. In case of

· fire

the fan could be turned by mallual labor, when, on the valve leading from main flue i nto the room that is on fire being opened, in two minutes the room wou Id be filled with vitiated air and the fire exting-uished.

This same a ppliance, by simply opening one valve and shutting another (automatically), could be used to exhaust the warm, fretid ai r out of any or all the rooms in the factory, or to force fresh air into the rooms at will. The whole of this apparatus won ld be of l i ttle cost, and when appl ied in the ca,e of small fires, could not do harm as in the case of extinction by water ; 20,000 feet of cubic air per minute can be put into circulation by hand power al<Jne . The apparatus in this connection would be stationary, and independent of any other appl iance.

For use by rail road com panies the hose could be attached to the funnel of an ordinary locomotive engine. In case of fi l e at a station or goods departmen t . all that wuuld be requi red would be to run the engine near the fi re, attach the tail p ipe of the fan to Lhe funnel of the engine ; the air drawn through the fire wuuld be vitiated or deprived of oxygen , and conducted by the blast conducting p ipe into the burni ng buildi ng, and the fire would be got under at once. Another important ap plicatinn is that of ships. For steamships the fan could in case of fire be attached to Lhe funnel exactly as for locomotives. With Foster's carbon blast the vitiated air could easily be conveyed into any part of a ship's hold. If the bold , or any room in a vessel , was fi l led with vitiated air and steam, no fire could live many minutes. For venti lation purposes the appara.tus would also prove very useful. In short, there appears to be a wide field of uBefulness for th is invention, and we look forward with interest to its practical in troduction. -Iron.

THE making of large lenses is a matter of many difficulties, as may be inferred from the fact that there have been nineteen failures to cast the thirty·six inch glass for the great Lick telescope to be mounted in California.

active woman, who enjoyed ex cellent heal th until withilJ a short period of her decease.

At Beaver Brook, Mass. , on Novemher 14, 1884, the 100th year of the l ife of Mrs. Elizabeth Pulnam was celebrated by her ch ildren . The aged lady i s still very v igorolls, memory and all facul ties i n good condition. She has had twelve children , s i x sons and six daughters, all of whom grew up and were married. Two sons and t h ree daughters st i l l l ive. All the children l ived to be over 66 years of age except two, one of whom d ied at 30 and the ot her 34. There have beel l 42 p;randchildrell and 24 great· grandchildren, many of whom are living.

.. ' e , ..

YelloW" Dye.

A. Poirrier, of Paris, has taken the first step in the direc-

COLLADON'S FOUNTAIN,

tion of producing a yel low dye, to compete with Persian berries ; this is the Jaune 8olide, a l l azo color fixed with acetate of chromium. Poirrier has shown that it c an be used like the Persian berry yellow, and that it can be sold cheaper. If fixed alone, the Jaune solide gives fine orangeyellow tints of much sol idity, and resisting soap and light. -Manche8ter Textite Recorder.

room, one of the window shutters of the latter may be provided with an aperture for adapting the blackened tube to, and a fascicle of solar light may, by means of a mirror, be thrown parallel with the tube's axis. One may also employ with advantage an oxyhydrogen or electric lamp which throws a fascicle of horizontal light, as shown in the engraving. The luminous rays traverse the lens and the liquid, and converge in the aperture through which the stream is escaping ; and when once they have entered the latter, they meet its surface at a sufficiently small angle to canse them to undergo .a total internal reflection. The same effect is produced at every new point of incidence, so that the l ight circulates in the transparent jet 'l"S in a pipe, aHd follows all its inflections.

If the water be perfectl)' limpid, and the aperture of the diaphragm very sharp, the jet will be scarcely vislble, although a very i.ntense light is circulating witbin it. But at

every point where the jet meets a solid body that i nterrupts it, the light which it contains escapes, and the points of contact become luminous. So, upon the jet being received in a vessel that stands horizontally, the bottom of such vessel wi ll be illuminated by the light that issues from the apparatus through the jet. If the stream is falling from a great height, or if its d iameter is but a few millime. ters, it will be reduced to drops at its lower part, and it will be there only that the liquid will be ilIu. minated , and every point of rupture of the jet will throw out a bright ligbt. If a .continuous jet is falling upon a surface capable of a certain number of vibrations, the vibratory motion will be commu· nicated to the liquid, and the latter will then be broken to some height above the vibrating plate. This experiment of Savart, as well as several others that he has studied, and described in the .An nalell de OMmie, may be repeated and rendered visible by this new process. It will be understood. moreover, that it would be just as easy, by means of reflect· ors, to illuminate a jet that had any other direction, or to illuminate the interior of the jet with all the colors of the prism by interposing colored glasses between the lamp and blackened tube exterior to the apparatus. The only essential precaution to take is to nse water at the temperature of the room in which one is operating, in ord�r that no moisture may be deposited upon the lens. In experiments designed to render the jet visible near the orifice, in order to study the contractions of the stream, It is indispensable to render the liquid turbid by means of some solution or other or by dust. The light will thus be dispersed at the jet's exit from the orifice, and the liquid will become luminous at the upper part.

A fact that may be always observed with this apparatus is that slight blows against the vessel, near the orifice, made with a hard body, break the jet in the very plane of the orifice and produce therein true fissures, which are easily seen and which are very brill iant. Sometimes these fissures do not close immediately, but continue in the stream for some jnstants.-D. Oolladon, in La Nature.

_ . . -� , ,, CANVAS bags, it is eaid, can be made as im

pervious to moistm e as leather by stt.'eping it in a decoction of one pound of oak bark with fourteen pounds of boiling water, this quantity being sufficien t for eight yards of stuff. The c loth from which the baga are made bas to soak twenty-four homs, when it is taken out, passed through running water, and huug up to dry.


Old Furniture and New.

The present rage for old articles of household use, table decoration, and personal adornment is a whi m of fashion, in many instances the coveted articles having no element of propriety in our modern life. Very few of them are valuable in the light of seutiment, having no association with bflloved friends or with historical events.

But apart from these considerations the love for genuine old relics of furniture, especially, has an excellent reason for its being. There are really valuable and useful articles of household economy which unreasoning style bas relegated to the second-hand furni ture store, to the attic, or to the barn , or perhaps ruthlessly destroyed , and which bave been replaced by modern articles far inferior. The present spring seat sofa with its tu fted cush il 'ns and tortoise back seat is not hal f so inviting and restful as the old-fashioned, flat seated, broad sofa, long enough to receive the outstretched form of a six-footer, and broad enough to hold h i m safely if sleep overtook him. Many of tbese articles are of solid wood with no suspicion of veneering, and their forms are really more elegant than those of to-day. Modern veneered and upholstered furniture requireil repairing every few years, or is worn beyond revamping wi thin the recollection of a ten year old cbild. It is a source of regret that with the rage for an tique furniture there is not also a demand for old time honesty in workmanship.

In spite of the sneer against the old style straight backed chairs, most of the old style furniture was made for convenience. There never was a more convenient article of furui ture tban the old desk and drawers combined-drawers below a folded-back rlesk, the back being pigeon holed, and the desk on h inges to be let down to form a writing shelf, and projecting far enough forward to g ive room for the writer's knees. The cupboard was another useful article for the ki tchen or the dining room. It conta.ined two or more wide drawers, with doors above them opening on shel ves and racks, the whole s tand ing on legs high enough to ad mi l. of s weeping under the cupboard. Memory recalls one, the framing and ends being of white walnut or hickory and the door panels and drawer fronts of cherry, both native woods, the creamy white of the hickory contrasting finely w ith the warm wine red of the cherry. These colors were set off by pendent pulls and door key escutcheon of polished un gilded brass that could be repolished and kept from the dilapidated appearance of the worn gilded brass of the present. Such an ai'licle of furniture would give an air of substantial comfort to any modern home.

The inferiority of modern made furn i ture cannot properly be attributed to machine duplicated work ; it is as possible to make first class work by duplicating by machinery as by band ; else our hand tools and machine tools would be much more costly than they are. But it is undeniable that most of the furniture made within the memory of the elderly portion of the present generat ion compares favorably with th at now made, in durability and in tegrity of workmanshi p. In these qual i ties it would be well if our ma llufacturers shared in the rage for the antiqne.

.. ' e . .. A Sheet of Letter Paper May Move a Ton One Mlle.

The modern cargo steamer has n ow become a wonderfully economical freight carrier, especially as regards consumption of fuel . A freight train run under the most favorable conditions seems wasteful in comparison . The Burgos, II modern steamer especially built to carry cargo cheaply at a slow speed, lately l eft England for China with a cargo weighing 5,600,000 pounds. During the first part of the voyage, from Ply m outh to Alexandria, the consumption of coal was 282,240 pounds, the distance being 3, 380 miles. The consu mption per mile was therefore only 83 '5 pounds, and the consumption per ton of cargo per mile 0 '028 pound. In ot .her words, half an ounce of coul propelled one t ou of cargo oue mile. Assuming that paper is as efficient a fuel as coal, we have, says the Railroad Gazette, only to burn a letter 011 board t h is steamer to generate and ntilize enough energy to transport one ton of freigbt one mile. It is difficult to real ize that such a trifling act as burning a letter in· volves sllch a waste of meful energy, or can have any reference to the energy sufficient to perform a feat which, under less favorable circumstances, requires a couple of horses and a teamster for about balf an hour.

'fhe best locomot ive performance in this country of which we can find any authentic record gives a consumption of about two ounces of coal per tun of freight hauled one mile at the rate of 13 miles an hour inclnding stoppages. On lines having grades of from 53 to 70 feet. pel' mile, the consumption often rises to 5 or more ounces of coal per ton of f.'eight. hauled one m ile,

The engines of the Burgos are on what is termed the triple compound system, the steam being expanded in three cylinders in succession. The boiler pressure is 160 pounds per s quare inch. The average speed at sea in all weather is very nearly ten miles an bour.

.. 4 " ' � A Beautit'nl Slide.

A very beautiful polariscope sl ide may be made, says the Microscope, as follows : Heat a slide until it will melt a small portion of a menthol pencil as it is drawn evenly back and forth over a perfectly clean surface. Do not use more heat than ,necessary to melt the material even ly. Then, as i t commences to crystallize, arrest i ts progress frequently by passing the slide quickly over the flame of your spirit lam p ; soon the crystallization will b e completed, a little a t a time, . and a. very desirable slide will be the result.

J eitutifie �mtritau. DR. OTTO GlIELIN'S CUPOLA.

The cupola shown in the annexed engraving was invented hy Dr. Otto Gmelin, of Buda·Pesth, for smelt,jng i ron, copper, or other metals, and has during the last few years won ground in Austro-Hungary, and is now also being introduced in Germany.

The illustration hardly requires any further explanation, con sidering the sim[1licity of the principle on which the furnace is constructed. Two concentric cylinders of boiler plates with t wo annular spaces between them, closed at the bottom , and open at the top, are placerl on a foundation ring of brickwork. Cold water enters the annual space at the bottom, and the warmed water flows off below the upper edge of the cylinders.

The interior of the in ner boiler-plate cylinder is, says Engineering, made rough, and is covered with fire-clay, The circular space between the two cylinders is covered ever by

}I

.JI

DR. OTTO GlIELIN'S CUPOLA.

a caRt-iron plate which lies loosely on the top of the two cyl inders. Two circular grooves il l the cast-i ron top plate maintain the two cylinders at the correct distance from eacb other.

The outlet of the metal and of the slag takes place through tubular boiler-plate connections pa�sing thl'Ough the water space and attached to the inner and outer cylinders. The construction has lately been considerably sim plified and strengthened by making the inner furn ace cylinder of a welded tube, with tubes for air inlets welded on all in one piece.

The novelty of the above construction consists chiefly in the cooling of the smelting fnrnace by water without using an air-tight water space. The inner cy linrler cau expand and contract without any resistance as the temperature in the furn ace changes, and tbe consequence is that repairs are hardly ever required. The first furnace built upon this principle bus now been at w ork daily for the last 2t years without � having required any repairs to tbe boiler plates of the cyli nders The smelting operations can therefore also be kept up for any length of time without interruption , The energetic cooling of the i nner smelting cylinder, which takes place with this system of furnace, is also stated to afford advan tages as regards the saving of fuel (equal to 6 to 8 per cent) and the decrease of burnt metal as well as the good and equal quality of the castings. The upper part of the furnace never gets hot, and the coke does not begin to burn until it arrives at the lower part of the furnace, where the smelting process takes place. The carbonic acid formed here escapes unchanged without being reduced to carbonic

[DECEMBER 6, 1 884. oxide as it passes through the upper charge of the furnace. Tbe metal thrown in at the top of the furnace arrives completely unchanged mto the smelti ng zone, where it is brought to the smelting point at once by a very strong blast.

The furnace remains a1 ways round and smootb, which is also a very important feature with regard t.o economy of coke and good quality of the casti ngs. It is likewise unaffected by chemical action, and the quality of the casti ngs will therefore be considerably improved by the fact that this furnace admits of an addition of any quantity of basic sub, stances wi thout any risk of dam,age.

This furnace offers s pecial ad vantages in cases where scrap iron can be had cbeaply, as on accou nt of the small consumption of coal and silicium much more scrap iron than usual can be used al nng.with tbe pig iron, wi tbout any fear of obtain ing hard casti ngs. Tbe arrangement also offers advantages in case;; wbere it is necessary to produce special qualities of castings-for example, hard castings-as the foreman can with mueh greater accuracy calculate the proportions of the materials to be put into the furnace to procure an even quality throughout, than he can with ordinary cupolas,

The firm of Ganz & Co. , of Oren, who have a very h igh reputation for t.heir chi l led rol ls, is now altering all lits filrnaces to Dr. Gmelin's p rinCiple, and a n u mber of other firms of high standing have also adupted Dr. Gmel in 's furnace ; nMDely, the machine factory of the Hungarian Government Rail way, Buda·Pesth ; the Ozterr Alpine Montangesellschaft, Vienna ; the Austrn-Hungarian Government Rai lway, Vien n a ; the Eisenhutte, Undine ; Count Waldstein's Iron Works, Sedlec, Bohemia; aud Howaldt Brothers, Kiel, Germany.

.. 4 " ' "

A Mexican Iron Mine.

A correspondent of the Alta Oalifornia, describing the wonders of the Cerro del Mercado in Dura n go, owned by the Durango Iron Mountain Co. , of Chicago, says that the vast depoEit comprising i t is not a mine, but a yard for storing iron ore, the floor of which is i ron . Its dimensions are grander than all the combined irun ore yards of Europe, added to all that there are in the U niled Stat es. It is nearly a mile in length, nearly a fourth of a mile in width, and towers 650 feet above its ponderous base. This is, I have reason' to think, not one-hundredth of the ore in the property-40,OOO acres-which comprises the area cuvered b'y the company's pmchase, for the mountain above gronnd, which measures fully one bil lion tons o f ore, is but the peak of an immeasurable mou n tain, w h ich nature b as, in no exceedingly remote period, formed by eruptively metamorphosing 9ther forms of iron ores than the prevailing ones, which at present com prise the mountain. At one-fourth and one-half mile points from tbe base of the iron mountain, on the company's grounds, are other lesser peaks of iron. The low i ntervening lands are hut coverings over iron ore.

The iron ore of the deposit has no i n term ingling rock, n o debris l ike cl inkers out o f or from a huge smelting hearth. The ore is magnetic oxide, producing a forged iron equal to tbe best in the world and far superior to the English, becanse mflde with charcoal and because there is abu ndant reddish oxide of i ron present, which affords a liquid very necessary for the elaboration of steel. The whole mountain undoubtedly will yield an average of 62% per cent, or fiveeigbths iron of the weight of the ore. Cbarcoal, for the making of which there a.:e worlds of forests, is cheap, and so is labor, The ore i$ in bowlders. It is al ready mined. This is ore that is unnsually magnetized . A piece of it attracts the needle at one end and repels i t at the other. There is limitless coal on the Pacific slope sbould any but charcoal be needed. All needed accessories for m il ls for working iron ore after being smelted, and for manu facturi ng purposes, are near at hand . There is a great abundance of both heavy and Iigbt build ing timber, water for power, mould ing and building sand, fi re-brick d ay, stone, lime, and the Murga River on the grounds. Mexico, by her heavy d u ties on iron, shields the owners o f Iron Mountain . Nails, spikes, horsenails, wagon and other springs, are charged 5Yz cents p('r pound. Plate \ron for tin (and ores of the latter are abulldant) is 6 cents per pound ; �teel is 3 cen ts ; iron chain, 4% cents ; iron colum ns, much needed in the styles of a rchitecture used generally, are 13 cents du ty p('r pound ; screws of all kinds and irun bed�teads, 8% cents per pouud. This grandest of all i ron deposits known to man is so con ven ien tly located, so cheaply worked, and its product so p ressingly demanded by the wants of its 12,000,000 people, that in the mining and metallurgical world it is peerless as au industrial enterprise.

• • • • •

A Cb all('e for AUlerican Inventors.

Senor Don Matias Romero, the Mexican Minister, has tran smit ted to the Secretary of State, at Washington, a decree issued by the State of Yucatan, Mexico, offering a prize of $20,000 to the inventor of a machine which shall successfully extract the fiber from benequin, under the following condition s : It must be automatic and not require skilled and experienced workmen to manage it ; it must be entirely free from danger to the operators ; it must require less motive force than the machines now in use wi th relation to its producing power ; it must increase the prod uction or extraction of tbe fi ber with in a given t ime, diminisbing- its loss, compared with tbe various machines in use. The reward is to remai n open for three years, and is without prejndice to the right of proprietorship and of patent.-17le Iron Age.


DECEMBER 6, 1 884. ] Ititufifi t �mtrjtau. Wood Preservation. r serving Aubstance required is less thau for ties, and if for

One of the greediest moutus which tue forests of the use uuder water or exposed to the attacks of the tere�o the' Un ited States are required to fill i s that of the rail way de- I largest amouut which can be forced into the w ood becomes mand for t ies, bridge timber, etc. According to Poor's necessary. Rail way Manual, there were in the United States at the The apparatus needed for treating timber by this method close of 1883, 121, 592 miles of railways. The average nUill- is simple and comparatively inexpensive. It consists of a bel' of ties needed per mile of track is 2, 820, and the dura- cylinder of boiler plate, the size of wllicll depends upon the tion of a tie averages about six years; hence the annual con- dimensions of the ti mber to be treated. Tuis cylinder is sumption of ties by all the rai lways of the coun try amounts made strong enougu to resist a pressure of SOO pounds per to the stupendous total of 57, 148,240. This number of ties square inch, and uas a t rack extending for its whole length represents, at the lo west estimate, 144,203,933 cubic feet of along t.he bottom, the ends of til e cylinder being closed by timber, enough to make 1 ,71.4,447, 700 feet of lu mber. At strong iron doors, provided wi til suitable means of reuder-20 cents a tie, the value of the ties laid yearly foots up ing them air and water tight. Iron cars, havmg wlleels of $11,429,648. 'fhe amount of white pine cut i n the North- small d iameter fitting the track on the bottom of the cylinwest in 18RS was not four and a half times larger than the der, are provided to carry the t imber or ties while under above figures, a comparison tha t readily shows how much t reatment. A steam boiler with vacuum and force pnmps, timber this one branch of the rai l way industry demands. and also reservoirs fitted with steam coils for containing and

It mnst be borne in mind that we have oniy given statis- heating the preservati ve substance, are also provided. The tics here of the number of ties required for the existing rail- operation may be briefly described as follows : ways, but this l arge total i s being continually increased by Aftcr the cars loaded with the tIm ber for treatment are the construction of new l ines of road, and we have omitted run into the cylinder and the doors cl osed, steam at about any est imate of the quan tity of t imber in other forms re- 1 00 pounds pressure is injected into the cylmder, and the qu ired for rai lroads, wharves, bridge ti mbers, etc. , etc, supply continued for a length of t ime depending upon the

In view of this enormous draught on the forests of the nature of the wood and its dryness. The �team is then sh ut country, it is evident that the time is approaching when off, and the vacuum pumps started and kept at work as scarcity w i l l cause an advance in price. The not remote long as any liquids or vapors are obtained. The vacuum prospect of such an ad vance, as well as the present economy pumps are then �topped, and the hot preserving liquid alof a proper preservative treatment, has i o duced several l'3.il- lowed to flow from the reservo ir i nto the cyl in der un til it is roads in the United Slates to con duct experiments l ooking filled. After this the force pumps are started, and their action toward s,)me feasible means of tim ber preservation ; and th e main tained until the pressure in the in terior of the cylinder American Insti tute of Oivil Engin eers has been for some rises to about 100 poun ds per square inch , tile pressure betime past collecting in format ion regarding the var ious pro- ing m aintained at this point until a sufficient quantity of cesses for this purpose, with the object. of embodying such creosote oil or other preservative liquid is forced i nto the information in a report to be shortly given to the public.. cel ls of the wood. The force pumps are then shut off, and The question of timber preservation is one of national im- the creosote oil oj' other liquid con tained in the cylinder disportance , and as it is t.he aim of this journal to keep its cuarged i n t o a sui table cistern, after which the doors at the readers informed in regard to everyth ing connected with the ends of the cyl inder are opened and the car carrying tile lumber interest, we do not think w e need to apologize for timber or ties run out. devoting considerable space to an account of th e cames of Wuen wood has been creosoted in the manner described, the short l ife o f timber used by rail ways, together witll a payin g proper attention to the complete removal of water an d description of some of the methods for its preservat.ion . juices previous to the inject ion of the creosote, the density

There are two principal causes of the destruction of ti mber of tbe wood wil l be found to have considerably increased, in use by railways, namely, decay and mechanical wear. and tbat i ts tenacity for holding spi kes, etc. , as well as its When wood is exposed to the atmosphere , its decay may be ability to re�ist mecban ical wear, has also increased to a very considered a species of fermentation set up by the combined notable extent. One of the Sou thern rail road constructors action of heat anci moisture i n the watery and albuminous stat ed some time since in a report 0 1 1 th i s subject that in his constituents of the wood, which graciually convert it into opin ion (we quote from mem ory) a soft w ood tie properly humus, or rotten wood, t h is process being at the same time creosoted is m uch more valuable, bot h as regards resistan ce expedited by the presen ce of numerous boring i nsects, which to decay and to mech all ical wear, than the best white oak take up tue ir abode in the cel ls of the decay i ng wood aud tie ; in fact, he con sidered creosoted soft wood t ies worth $1 feeed upon its jui ces. each for rail road use.

The object. of any rational treatment for preRerving wood One of the principal causes of the rapid destruction of

is the coagulation of the al bllmen by substances cnpable of ties from mech an ical w ear is imperfect road beds, but effecting thi s ; of t hese the most effectual , as well as the most we thi tlk that as ties become less abundant and more valupractical on account of its low cost, is creosote, wh ich exer- able, more attent ion w i ll be paid to devices for protfcting cises a powerful action in the coagUlation of the albumen , them from the d i rect action of the rails ; and, as the life of a and is also so destructive to all kinds of i l l sect l i fe as t o creosoted tie "" hen exposed to decay alone, i s prac t ica l ly un

com pletely exclude them from any wood which has been lim i ted, the advan tages o f creosoling will under those cirtreated with it ; the presence of a suffi cient quantity of creo- cUlll stances become still more apparent. sote i n any l iquid at once and completely arresting ferment- The princi pal i tem in the cost of preserving is the quan· at ion for an unlimi ted time, and destroying all germs of t ity and cost of the preserving substance. In the case of ani mal and vegetable life. ties, three gallons of dead oil or of wood tar wil l be requir-

O f the substances contai ning creosote, the two m ost i m - ed, whi l e for bridge timbers a smaller quan tity will suffice. portant, and in fact the only ones available for th is purpose, The cost of treatment, aside from the cost of the preare coal tar and wood tar. When coal tar is d istilled in i ron serving agent, wi l l not in the case of ties vary much from 5

. vessels there is produced , in addi tion to other substances, as cents per tie. The cost of dead oil ranges from 7 to ten cents napbtha, etc. , about 30 per cent of the so-called creosote, or per gallon . dead oil, wh i ch has since 1850 been used in contin ually in- Ties for creosotlng should be carefully selected, as it is creasing quantities for this purpose. The quan tity of coal manifestly poor economy to creosote a t ie in w hich decay llsed for gas makil lg in Europe is about 10, 000, 000 tons an- has al ready commenced. nua l ly, producing about 5 per cent of tar, yielding about The necessi t y of a most thorough preliminary treatment 150,000 tons of dead oil, the whole of which is avai labl e of the ties fur the removal of fermentable substancE'S cannot for treating timber. There is also a very large quantity o f be too st rongly insisted upon , as th e value of the subsequent coal tar produced as a by -product of the gas manu facture in I preserving process dcpend� almost wholly upon its proper the United States, but excepting in a fe w cases n oth ing has performance, and i ts negl ect has been the Clause of frequen t been done toward utilizing the dead oil con tained in it. failures in wood preserving operations. It is not long ago

The second substance, wood tar, referred to above is the that comphl in ts were made in some European journal that tar pl'Oduc�d by the destructive d i5tilla l ion of wood for the creosoted beech wood ties became rott en in the middle of manufacture of charcoa l . Oonsiderable quautities of this the tie, while the outside for an inch or two in depth resubstance are produced, but as yet it has been only consid- mained perfectly sou nd. 'l'he reason for this cond i tion of ered as a waste substance or available for fuel . the tie seems clearly traceable. to neglect of a proper pre-

Patent OfHce Bu siness, Fiscal Year 1 8 8 3-84. Hon. Benjam in Butterworth, the Oommissioner of Pa

tents, has made a report to the Secretary of the Interior of the business of the Patent Office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1884. For purposes of comparison we add to the figures thus presented those for the preceding fiscal year, as follows :

Applications. For patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For design patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For re i ssue patents • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • For registration of trade marks . . . . For registration of labels . . . . . . . . • . .

TotaL . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . Caveats filed . . . .

Fiscal year to

June 30, '84. 35,204

1,322 244

1,077 975

38,822 2,672

Patents and Trade Marks lssue<l. Patents I(ranted, including reissues

and designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade marks registered . . . . . . . . . . . . Labels registered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,822 903 838

Fiscal year to June 30, '83.

32,845 1,039

247 854 749

35,734 2,688

21.185 883 618

24,558 Expired and Withheld for Non-payment.

2�,686

Patents withheld for non-payment of final fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Patents expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 461

10,230

Receipts and Expenses. Receipts from all sources . . . . . . . . . $1, 145,433 Expenditures (not including print-

2,056 7,471

$1,095,884

ing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901,413 677,628 Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,020 518.255

The number of application s awaiting action by t he office June 30, 1884, was 9 , 186, an increase of 5,087 over the accumulated applications at the end of the preceding y ear.

4 , e � .. Firefly Light.

MM. Aubert and R. Dubois have recen tly made a number of interllstin g observations on the l ight emitted by " pyrophores, " or fire-bearing i n sects of tue fam i ly Elateres, genus PyrophoruR. These pyropbores have three lu m in ous organs, one si tuated at the ventral part, and t w o at the superior part of the prothorax. The hst are always visible, and were submitted to the tests. The light was prodnced by rubbing the insect w i th a light brush, and was examined by means of an ord inary spectroscope w ith a prism of vel'y refrangi ble glass an d a micrometer. The spectrum was very fine, conti nuous, and showing neither brillian t nor dark rays. This peculiarity has already been pointed out by Pasteur and Gerllez, who studied the light from a pyrophore belong i ng to t.he late Abbe Moigno, editor of Les Mondes. The spectrum occupied about seventy-five d ivisions of the micrometer, and exten d ed on the red side to th e middle of the i nterval which separates the rays A and B of the solar spectrum, and on the hlue side a little beyond thll ray E. When the intensity of the light varied, its composition changed in a remarkable manner. When 1he brightness diminished the red and orange disappeared entiJ'ely, and the spectrum cons is ted of green , and a li ttle blue and yellow. Tue gree n rays lasted longest. The contrary took place when the ligh t grew in brightness, the green appeaJing first and the spectru m extending a little on the blue and a great deal on the red side. The least refrangible rays are therefore emitted last . No other luminous source known appears to behave in l ike manner. The only case which bears a resemblance is that of su lphate of strontium becoming phosphorescent un der t1!e action of light at a growi ng temperature. As the temperature rises, rays less and less refrangible appear in the spectrum, but at the same t i me, as Edmond Becquerel has shown, the less refrangible rays d isappear. When t he light of the organ begin s to appear, the centra l and forward part only of the organ is lum inous. It is only when the l igllt is very hright that the peri phery of the organ is luminous, and then the red rays are visible. The light was found to give photographic i mages on a gelati no-bromide piate ; the insect being two centimeters from the plate, and the time of exposure reduced from an hour to five minutes. The photographs show that the l ight of the pyrophore is capable of producing in tense chemical effects, if the smallness of the quantity emitted be taken into account. The ligut also determines the phosphorescence of sulphate of calcium, after an exposure of five minutes ; and eosine and azotate of uranium are rendered fluorescent by it .

.. . e l . Natural Gas vs. Coal.

As wood tar cOutains a large percentage of true creosote, liminary treatmen t of the tie ; the w ater and juices had Tue steadily iucreasing llse of natural gas in Nestern which is entirely absen t i n the case of coal tar, it is a better been removed fmm the su rface of the tie, hnt not from the Pennsylvania, West Virgin ia, and Ohio, for manufacturi ng preservative of t imber than any of the constitue n ts of coal interior. Oonsequ e n t ly, the creosote o i l was un able to pene- pu rposes as well as for lighting, suggests the possi bility that tar, and rece nt ex pel'l ments have demonstrated that it may trate that portion of the tie on account of the cells being al- its employmen t may soon have a depressi ng effect on the be used by itself for th is purpose if forced in to the cells of ready filled with water. anthracite and bituminous coal business over a considerable the t imber while heated an d in a fluid state. Many other We do not w ish to he understood in this article as advo- section of coun try. A Pittsburg paper, referring to th is slJbstance� have been prop osed for treating timher, but on cating the immediate adoption in all cases of wood preserv- matter, says : " In so far as natural gas has been applied to

accoun t of their cost and the comparatively small qnantities ing processes, for this w ill depeud large ly upon the co�t of the manufacture of iron, steel, and glass, the quality of the produced are not avai lable to any importan t extent for th is the ties. In many local i ties their cost is still so low as to products is rather in i ts favor. For steam raisi ng it is very purpose. preclude any treatment of this kind, hut there are many superior to solid fuel , not merely in the lessening of labor

The method of treatment w hich is generally considered others in which their cost has already i n creased beyond the and freedom from ashes, but i ll that the heat can be more to be the most thorough , practical , and rational is that wh ich poi n t where creosot ing may be profitably employed ; the equally d istributed lengthwise and arou nd the boilers , to the

involves first the subjection of the timber in close vessels to area of such local i ties i s continually increasing, and it needs benefit of the latter in the matter of safety and d urabil i ty.

the action of high pressure steam for a suffici ent length of n o prophetic vision to foresee that in the near future the It is safe to say that the lise of gas fuel in th is locality now time to enahle the steam to penetrate a l l th e cell s of the adoption o f �ome preservative process for w ood will become i supplants the use of several thousand tons of coal e�ch week, wood and to vaporize tbe liquid s contained therein , these universal .-N. W. Lumberman. and there is n o doubt that the use of gas fuel WIll largely being afterward removed by a vacuum pump. After this .. , • , • increase in the n ear future. Ooal proprietors who have de-preparatory treatment tbe preservi ng substance i s forced THE Qua1'terly Therapeutical Review says methyl sa licylate pended upon manufactories for their business already feel into the cells o f the ,,"oor! under powerful pressure, the (oil of win 1 ergreen), m ixed with an equal quantity of oli ve the local rivalry of this wonderful and v'llnable agent for quanti ty of I h is substanc(J being regulated according to the oil 01' lin i mentum saponis, applied externally to inflamed the industries, and this competition between coa l and n atuuse for w h ich the timber is destined. If simply to he used I joints affected by acute rheumatism, affords instant relief, ral gas can only be measured by the gas developments of for bridges or elevated structures, the quant i ty of the pre- and, having a pleasant odor, its use is very agreeable. the futnre. "


Ititutifi t !tutricau. [DECEMBER 6, 1 884, ENGINEERING INVEN TIONS.

A car starter has been paten ted by Mr. ,Jacob J. Anthony, of Sharon Springs. N. Y. The invention consi sts of a com pound lever and ratchet mechan i sm, that can be operated by band or foot for the develo�ment of power, by wh ich street cars may be Rtarted or stopped, or the devIce may be nsed witb �team cars for making up trains, thereby di spensing with locomotIves for thi s purpose. ... . . ...

AGRICULTURA L INVENTIONS,

A cbeck row corn plan t er has heen patented b y Mr. J o I Ki rkwood, o f Mauzy, Ind. 'l'his invention covers a. special con s t rucr.ion and arrangl�ment of part s to make a simple, efficient, and d urable machine for planting corn or other seeds in accurate check l'OW�.

A hand cul tivator has been paten ted by MI'. Judson B. Hurd, of Hardin, Texas. It is made w i th a plow plate having wings bent to destroy the grass Hnd weed s aud leave the soil level , while with the plow beam and winged plow are connect e<i two or more rotary cut ters, whereby the soil. roots, grass, and weeds will be cnt in parallel l i n e s in front of the plow plate.

A plow staudard bas been patented by Mr. John R . Sampson . of Benntltsvi lle, S. C. It is made with a g:round bar and a beam plate arranged witb the forward parts at · a greal er d i .tance apart than their rear parts, and connected at I heir forward ends by a front bar, so t.he plow plute call be moved up and down to vary t.he angle at which i l s cut l ing edge eniers the ground, as the wor" and the character of the soil may require.

• • •

MISCELLA NEOUS INVENTIONS.

contents can only be exposed to contact with glass, and the jar, besi de s complete lor.kin g arrangement, has a

bail of pecnliar cOllEtruction, which helps press down th, ' seal and also forms a cOllvenient means for carry· ing or handling the jar.

A cl'Ucible or casting ladle bas been patcn ted by Messrs. Jacoh F. and Ernest G, Zimmerman; of Hanau, Germany. it bas au jnner SIlll an outer trian_ gular vessel, the i nnel one with I t. angles croo. i ng those of the outer vessel, and witb down ward sl oping sides and apertured b ottom, so C,)I ,structed as to reta i l l the slag and prevent its being poured out wi th the mollen metal.

A stop watch bas been pat ented by MI'. Eugene J. A. Dupuis, of New York city. This ihvention covers a mod i fication of the levers for operati ng the fly hacks, and lhe �awls for operating the ratchet w i leels that start and stop the chronograph mechan ism are made ot a s)ngle piene of "llring metal, thereby being simpler and occupyillg less space, witil other novel features of construc t ion and arrangemen t of part� .

A bnt air furn ace has been p a ten ted by Mr. Nathaniel A. Boynton, of New York c i t.y_ It affords a novel con81 rnc tion of the dome and radiator and their :flues or passages. and arrangement of the dome wi I hin the radiator. i nsuring compactness and a more effective circulation of the produci s of combust ion , with enlarg ed heuting and radiatillg snrface, tbe fiues being cansed to clear themselves ot soo t .

A watch case bas been patented by MI'. Jacob Macher, of New York city. By th i s improvemen t the li: ey, or combined key and push p i n , can be w i thdrawn sufficiently from the pend ant to clear I he inner edge of the center, thus permi tting the works 10 be passed in l f) the case, but the push pin or push pin and key cannot be w ithurawn entirely from the peud-

A cburn h a s been patented by l\Ir. James ant. H. Taylor, of Westfield. Mass . Thi s invention covers A can bolder bas been patented hy Mr. a special arrangement and construction of parts for J o hn W. Edward s, of Seattle, Washinglon Terri tory. A makir,g churn harrels �r cylinders whereby the parts : baske t , or cag:e. ada vted to h o ld a can or carboy, is thereof may be convenIen tly set up and tIghtened or . made to swing easily between t wo .pecially devised loosened as des i red. bracket., so it can be li l ted very easily t o df'w off the

A cbi m n ey cowl has been patcnted by Messrs. Ma rtin Ludwig, James R. Barber. and Joh n S. Barber, of Beloit., Kansas. Thi s invention covers a lIOVe! cons lruction whereby a stationary cowl is ad apted !o preven t downward currents of air ill the chimney when the wind i s blowing from any direction .

A pegging machi n e has been paten ted hy IIfr. Hans Schurhnber, of Vieuna, Austria. '1'his invention cove,'S a new and improved pegging mach i " e for fastening the soles to shoes of all k i n ds. being especially desiglled to do the work thoroughly, rapIdly, and

conl ents of the can or carboy, the device being also especial ly designed to facililate drawing off the con· tents of heavy vessels.

A m acb in e for making and inserting umbreUn frame rivets has been parented by Mr. Daniel M. Red mond, of Philadelphia. Pa. The wil'e i s forced through tubes and clamped, and, the ri b and brace bei ng bronght intf) po ition, the w , re is cut off and headed therein, the operation being performed wi th great rapid ty and ease, and the machine being adapted to different s i zes of wires.

with a s D peri or fin i sh. A print ing press h as been paten ted by :YIl'. A peg wood sharpener hA S heen patented by Peleg S. Dodge, of S tanton, Mich. This "ress has a

Mr. William G. Scott, of Batesv i l ie, Miss. This inven- :ec iproca t ing �at form be� , over which is mOllllted the tion prov ides a simple and conven l ent i mplement. for I Impres�, on cY�lllder, and III the f�ame ullrterneat�, or

the use of jewelers and others for sharpening rods of , other�lse equ�val €ll tly arranged, IS the _steam cylmd.er

peg wood em ployed in cleaning the pivot boles of of a dIrect aCl Ing hOrIzontal steam engme, whose plS-

watclles clocks and other smal l machines. t.on has a �t, oke equal to one· balf the circumference of , , the impression cy ltll der, and power is thus di rectly ap-A coal d"anpr bas b een paten ted by Mr. plied to run the press.

Will iam H. S hepherd, of Pittston, Pa. This illven tion . provides a new a " d improved machin� for separating A knock down barrel has been patented by

slate and rocks from coal by means of .creens aud a Cllr- Mr. James H. M i l l er, of Hearne, Texas. This i n ven

rent of air, and is an improvement on a former patent- tion affords a cheap and easily constructed barrel for

ed inventibn of the Bam,� i nven!Of. shipping fruits, etc., afford ing a free circulation of air; wooden slats or staves of proper lengths are sec u red to

A vessel for di�pen�ing fluids has been pa- two or more hoops, which may be readi ly ben l aroun d tented by IIfr. Peter Hart maun, of Brooklyn, N_ Y. a binged head, and fastened by loops in the hoops. b u t This invention provides a vessel i n which vo'atile I the barrel can be knocked d own a n d packed i n crates liquid s may be kept from air, and yet sufficient. may be ' or hoxes to occnpy very littl e space. snpp l i ed for use as de�ired, the main body of the l i quid, ! ""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! by this novel construction, being protected from eX- I -posnre. NEW BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS.

A pyrethrum soap bas been pate nted by " 'l'HE GUNSMITH'S MANUAL. Messrs. Hauey Mr. Jobalill Zacherl, Jr. , of Unt er Dobling, near Vien- & CO. , 10 Spl uce Street, New York. no, Aust ria-Hungary. It contains an addi t i on of the This is an i Ilu�trated volmne of 37. pages, edi ted by soft resin which fot m s an ingredient of pyrelhra plan ls Me,sr •. J. P . Stelle and W. B. Harrison. It is a volnme and contlti ns the i n sect killing s tuff, tbe soap being es- of practical i nformation for gunsmiths, and is calcu-pecially deRigned for des troying insects and other para- l t d t b f ' t d I I f sites.

a e .0 e () I n �rest an va ue a 80 or sportsmen. It exp!ams how the,r weapons are made, how t.hey should

A casing for pipes b as been pate n t ed by , he used, and how cared for when not in nse. The Messrs. James F. Wood and John F. Wood. of Wil- manual is replet e iI, useful informalion for gunsmiths mingl on , Del. In combin ation with disks adap l ed to I and �portsmen . surround a \lipe are open mhular casing sections surrounding tbe disks, each havmg at one longitudinal edge and at one end II pocket, tbe free edges of the sections b.ine, held logelher by nails, pins, etc.

INDUSTRIAL CYCLOPEDIA OF SIMPLE MECHANICS. By George E. Blakelee. Fords, How ard & Hulbert, New York

A mail bag fastener has been patented by The 700 pages of th i s book give plain, detailed direc-

tions for doing 2,000 common things. Its author is a IIfr. Charles W. Jefferson, of Rugby, Tenn . Steel strips p"actical mechanic, and was long an editor of a leading a:e fastened on the Si des of the m ou t h of the bag, one

, agricultural paper, so that he knows how t o give his inSIde

.belllg adapted b ove.rlap th � oth er, and the over-

I formation in language devoid of abel ruse terms, and lappmg �art hemg proVIded w l lh a siapl e projecting so the ., common peuple " will readily comprebelld from I ts mner surface and adapted to be passed through I what ' t It ' t ' t d d 'd f the strips and I he closed top of the b . IS mean . �s no III en .e as a gUl e or pro-

. ag.

• I fesslOnal workers III any speCIal department, but to

A wll lp bas been paten ted by Mr_ EphraIm g, ve valuable bmts on .. how to make and how to M. Turner, of Fort Worth , Texas. In combination mend " to men, women, an d cbildren, indoors and out., with a spri "g wire core and rub ber compound covering I

as a daily aid in indmtrial affairs. of the body of the whi p is a melal l i c coupling and a s '" E E detachable screw whip handle, made to form a clasp TATIONARY ",TEAM NGINES FOR LECTRIC

k ' f . b ' . . LIGHTING PURPOSES By Robert H nt e, such whIp elllg more espeCIally deSIgned for 'l'l t J b W'l & S N '

stock farmers 01' those of like call ing. Y l Ukrs on. 0 II 1 ey ons, ew

or . A sa fety at tach ment for elevators has been Some such book as this has bren au evident want for

paten ted by Messrs. John D. Phyf? , of Demarest, and quite a l i t tle time back, and Professor Thurston has Jam�. J: Harold , of ?enafly, N. J . . It con s i �l s in l h e kept sufficiently abreast with t.he progress of modern applIcat ion of rev�lvmg wh eel.s or c�lmd ers. wt th stnds : eng:ineering to be eminent.ly well qual ified to do j ustice �rrang�d to come III cont ac! wi t h sml.able fixed de�ents, I to �i s sn bject. The modifications in engi ne bu i lding III �a.s

e the elevator rope .� hould break, furulshmg a wh,ch have taken place s in ce electricity has been largely pOSi tIve lock to the fallmg of the elevator cage. introdu ced are here concisely stated, and particular

A lock faucet has been paten teri by l\IeR�l's. mention is made of the most conspicuons claimants for Richard W. Howard MId Charles B. Locke, of AplJo- public favor in th i s field, showlu!? what changes in nang, R. 1. Its construclton is .ueh that a barrel may construction and operation have been made, with the be connBct.ed by pipe w i th a room above, and li quid causes therefor. lJlay also he drawn from t h e barrel throne-h the lower end of the cock without discon neer.ing said pipe, while by suitably turning the cock egress either way may be shut off.

A fruit jar b a� been paten ted by Mr. Natballiel W. Krouse, of Haysville, Pa. Tbe conslruction lA such that, when both cover and jar are of glass, the

Received.

THE CHILDREN OF THE BIRJ,E. By Fanny L. Armstrong, with introductIon by Frances E. Willard. Fowler & Well. Co., New York.

THE PHYSICIAN'S VISITING LIST. A pocket memorandnm book wi th blanh for each day of the year, 'l\ i l h numerous handy references. P. Blaki.ton, Son & Co. , Philadelphia.

Ipedal. THE EXl'ERIENCE OF AN EMINENT

LECTURER.

invaluabl e vitalizer and restorer, call on or address DRS. S'�.A RKEY & P .ALEN, 1109 and un Girard Street, Phila. delphia.

�u�i"t$'" and :f ersonal. 'l'he magic lantern, which was in former days only a -'�-�.:--=------------------

toy, with its coarse and gaudy pictnres fur the amuse- The Ohm'gejor Insertion nndej' this !lead is One J)ollar

ment of uproarious cbildren, has been improved and a line fo/ ' each inse1'tion .. about eil}ltt words to a line.

dignified by the introduction of photographiC art . Com- A dverti8ernents must be j'eceive!i at puolication ojficp

petent scbolar ,y gentl emen and finished speakers bave aseal ty as 1'ltUrsday >nO/'r/tnl} to 'WP"u in next i8sue. done their part in elevating lantern picturings to t.heir proper place in artist.ic education. 'The lantern and the lecturer now combine instruction witb entertainment in graphically getting before the puhltc illuminated evenings of travel among the wonders of our own country, or the antiquities and curiosities of foreign lands.

Prominent among th e gentlemen who have dignified the lantern by bringing t" its aid tbe triumphs of pbotography t. M r. Edward L. Wilson, of Philadelphia. A natUral arti�t. a superior photographer, and a fascinat· ing speaker. Mr. Wilson has attained a national reputation. In winter be addresses large city audiences. and in summer he gives his illu8tr.ited lectures at the various camps of moral and religous instruction throughout the country. His photographic establish ment is known throughout the natlon, and is enriched with many origi" nal works of phorograpltlc. art taken by himself in his tour through foreign mnds.

In consequencf> of his intf'nse devotion to t h e duties of his profession. AIr. Wilson some years agn became a confirmed invalid. 'rhe labors which crowded him in connection witb the pllOtograpbing of the Centennial exh ibits tn 1876 first contributed to impair his lla.t urally strong constitution. In these labors he had tbe constant charge ot over one hundred artists and assistants, and was worked d,ay and night beyond the;. reasonable capacity of even a very vigorous man . It i8 n ot surprising that hiS health gave way completely, nor that life became a burden hard to bear .

'1'0 one who call ed u pon him a. short time ago, Mr. Wilson told the story of his illness and his restoration.

Blake's Patent Belt Studs, ,be strongest an d best fastening for Leather and Rubber belts. Greene, 'i'weed & Co., N. Y.

Owners of Fore igu Patent s desiring to sell 01' exhihit at the London Exposition, 1885, ad dress Chas_ Babson, Jr" 24 Congress Street, Boston. Mass.

Cheap, cheap, cheap. Best Popular Science Works. J. Fitzgerald, 20 Lafayette P l ace, N. Y. Catalogue free.

Respoll si hle Ilartner wanted, WIth capi tal , to join inventors in manufacturing new Paper Folding ),1 achines. A ddress office of Wesleyan Methodist, Syracuse, N. Y_

Experirnental Machinery Perfected, models, patterns, etc. Tolhurst Machine Works, 'rroy. 1(. Y.

Catalogue of Books, 128 pages, for Engineers and ElectriCians, sent free. E. & �'. N. Spon , 35 Murray

Street, N. Y.

WHnted.-'ro correspond with works, corporations and cities deSiring first-class, and at the same time low cost. electric ligbt plants, with or without engines and boilers. h S. C. Forsaith M achine Company,

Manchester, N. H." Brush Electric Arc Lights and Storage BaLleries.

Twenl y tbousand Arc Lighos already sold. Our largest machine gives 65 Arc Lights with 45 horse power. O ur Storage Battery is the only practical one in the market. llrush Electric ( '0., Cleveland, O.

Practical Instruction in Steam Engineering, an d situations furnished. Send for pam phlets. National 1nstitute. 7U and 72 West 23d St., N. Y.

. . Hun down ? '· be sald . H \Y ell, you may say so. when I tell you that the insurance men wouldn't touch me. I had poliCies in two Of our best companies, and I wanted more lnsurance. Both of tbem refused me. And yet, The Cyclone Steam FIne Cleaner on 30 days' trial to

one year afr.erward, One of them very gtadly took a new reliab l e parties. Crescent Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.

risk on me, and the other was willing to. This was. of course. after 1 had fully recovered. Tell you how it was. The strain on me had been too great. I ran, down, down, down gradually. Although I bad an excellent constitution, and had lived a strictly temperate life, I was so m uch prostrated that tor a long lime I could not

For Steam 8nd Power Pumping Mach i nery of Single and Duplex Pattern, embracing baUer feed, fire and low pressure pumps, independent condenSing outfits, var ..... uutr., hydraulic, artesian, and deep well pumps, air compre5sors. address Geo. F. B l ake �1fg. Co .. 44 Washington St., Boston; 97 Liberty St .. N Y. Send for Catalogue.

steep more than an /wur Il'I' t,oo in the cour .. of a night. I Quinn's de vice for stopping leaks in boiler tu bes. suffered with acute neuralgia and w,th headaches, which, A ddress S. M. Co., South Newmarket, N_ H. when they carne on suddenly, would render me powerless to tltink or act. My appetite became capricious, and 1 coul d eat only a small quantity of food at a time. My digestion was demoralized. My throat gave me trouble, and 1

M i l l s, Engines, and Boile .. for al l purposes and of every description. Send for circul ars. Newell Universal Mill Co., 10 Barclay Street, N. Y.

began to be afraid Ihad chronic bronchitis. Wanted -Patented articles or machinery to manllfac-" One day, five or six.years ago, when I W8.S sufferina ture nnd introduce. Lexington Mfg. Co., LexingtoD, Ky.

with one of my terrib l e headaches, a friem! whose .. How to Keep Boi lers Clean." Book sent free by mother had been cured of rheumatism by tbe Compound James F. Hotchkiss. 86 John St., New York.

8tationary, Marine, Portable, and Locomotive Boiler8 a specialty. Lake Erie Boller Works, Bn1falo, N. Y.

Presses & Dies. Ferracute Mach . Co . , Bridgeton . N. ,I .

Oxygen treatment said to me : • \\'hy don't you try oxygen ? ' I laughed at the idea, for I had no faith that such a thing could reach my case. 8till I went to Starkey & Palen's office in Girard Strl?et, and inquired into ft. I took. a few inha ations, an d laughed at it ag'ain. But I saw that Docters Starkey & Palen were fair and truth- For Power & Economy, Alcott's Turhine, Mt.Holly, N . • J.

The Hyatt filters and met.hods guaranteed to render a l l kinds of t.urbid water pure and sparkling. at economical cost. The Newark Filtering Co . . Newark, N. J .

ful gentlemen. and I determined t o give their Compound Oxygen a very thorouJZh trial. rrhere was nothing unpleasant in it. and 1 had no fear that it would do me harm. In any event it could not make me worse than I St eam Boilers, Rotary Bleacher" . Wrought. Iron Turn was. I took the inhalations hopefnlly and faithful l y. Tables, Plate Iron Work. Tippett & Wood, Easton, Pa. Soon, say in less than a montb, l began to feel a great change for the bettpr. 1\1 y first symptom of improve" ment was that the h�adaches were le�R frequent, and by no means as painful a. they bad been_ Then I began to get better sleep. That strained and wearied feeling of body departed. and with It tbe mental depression nnder which 1 had labored. When those frightfnl headaches were at their worst they would sometimes last all day. Now when they came, it would lJe hardly an hour from the first indications by buzzing' in my ears and tingling in my fln�er tips. until the headache was Over.

Send for Montbly Machiuery List

to th e George Place Machinery Company, 121 Chambers and 103 Reade Streets, New York.

Iron Planer, Lathe, Drill, and other mach ine tools of modern design. New Haven Mfg. Co., New Haven, Conn.

If an invention has not Deen patented in lhe United States for more than one year, it ma,y still be patented in Canada. Cost for Canadian patent, $40. Various otber foreign patents mayalso be obtained. For instructions address Munn & Co., SCIE "TIFIC AM IORICAN Patent agency, 361 Broadway. New York. . . Well . I might tell you a Ion!? story about it. bnt to be

brief, I rec(merea my health, throat trouble went away, and I had a decided increase oj lung power. My good appe' Guild & Garrison's Steam Pump Works, Brooklyn, tite returned as in tormer days. M y digestive organs be- N. Y- Steam Pumpin g Machinery of every descripcame able to take care of all the food I gave them to dis- tlon. Send for catalogue. posp of. In short, I was flOod as new. Nickel Plating.-Sole manu faci urers cast nickel an-

" Most oj this was accomplished in three or iowr months. odes, pure nickel salts. polishing compositions. etc. ComBut as I bad been so much run down. and wanted my plete outfit tor plating, etc. Hanson & Van Winkle, restoration to be both compl ete and permanent, [ con- Newark, N. J., and 92 and 94 Liberty St . . New York. tinued the treatment for over a year, varying it from Supplement Cataloglle. -Person8 in pur.llit of infor-time to time in amount and method. At times I wvuld omit it for several weeks, and then return to it again. It mation on any special engineerin�. mechanical. or scien-

is allout three years since I finished my reg-ular course. title subject. can have catalogue of con tents of the Scr

Now I resort to it once In a whi le . in case I take cold or ENT I � I C AM ICU I C A l\ �U�PL KM II: :,\ T sen� to them f�ee.

tlnl subject 'to an extraordinal' physical or mental I The S U P P I , II; l\I E :-': T cont�ln8 �engtb y artIC.les embracmg

t . y y the whole range of enj;{meermg, mechalllcs, and ph ysi ..

s ram. cal sci ence. Address Munn & Co . Publisb ers. New York. H I went abroad in ISS:!, taking a protracted and some"

what laborious trip'through Egypt, A rabia, and Pales- Cotlon Belting, three, fonr, five. and six ply, fOI' eletine. I Was beyond the ordinary conveniences of com- vator and driving belts. Greene, Tweed & Co., New tortabl� travel. ann had to spend mucb of my time on York. camel s and to do a great deal of walking and climbing Machinery for Light Manufacturing, on band and I fo und I could stand any amom,t of exposure. I could built to order. E. E. Garvin & Co . . 1 39 Center St., N. Y . tramp the hills o f A rabic Telvi, a s easIly a s any of my Drop Forgings . Bi llings & Spencer Co., Hartford, Conn . three companions. So hearty and joyful was I that our old dragoman said to me. ' You always make my heart glad when I am in trouble! In all my tours abroad I had but two returns of severe headache ; one at Mount Serval, the other at C..,sarea PhilippI- I could eat anything that was set before me, and eat it freely.

, . Since my return to this conntry I have eng-aged in my old duties with more than former activity. I have lectured a great deal, and often in the ope;n a.r, without any return of throat trouble. I have attended without difficulty to the detailS of my large photographic business. I nsed to be susceptible to colds ; having them. In fact, from November to .\1 ay ; one on top of another. Now I

have had . as far as I can rem ember, only two colds in three years, though I hltve been fulty.subjected to every description of draughts. I enjoy my eating, and 1 sleep welL It used to tire me to 1Dork my lantel'ml tor an /wur. Now I can easily dn itjor two /wurs without jatigue. My weight is about the same a s of old ; say 135 pounds. I can work, I1S a regular thirng, about seventeen OO'!1"'s a day, and my work l1eldom tires me. "

Munson's Improved Portable :II ilIs, Utica, N. Y. M ineral Lands I'rospected, Artesian Wells Bored , hy

Pa . I)iamond Drill Co . llox (23 . Pottwille. Pa. 8eb p. 332. Brass & Copper in sheets.wire & blanks. See ad.l>. 222.

The Chester Steel Uastings Co., office 407 Li hrary St., Pbiladelphia. Pa . . can prove by 20.000 Crank Shafts and 15,000 Gear Wheels. now in use. the superiority of their Castings over all others. Circular and price list free.

The Improved Hydraulic ,Jacks. Punches. and Tube Expanders . R. Dndgeon. 24 (]olumbia St .. New York_

Friction Clutch Pulleys. D. Frisbie & Co., Philll. Tight and Slack Barrel Machinery a specialty. .Tohn

Greenwood & Co., Rochester, N. Y. See illns. adv. p. 222. Magic Lanterns and S tereopti cons of all k inds and

prir.es. Views Illustrating every subject for public exhibitions, Sunday schools, colleges, and home entertain" ment. 136 page illustrated catalogue free. � l cAllister, Manufacturing OptiCian, 49 Nassau ot., New York. . . I do not recommend Compound Oxygen for the man

who wants to get well in such .. hurry tbat he is not sat- C10rund um Wheel s ; Cllr faster and wear longer than isded unless cured in twenty-fou r hours. But for those emery. Pratt & Whitney Co .. Hartford, Conn. who have patience to try it faithfully, and to obey dlrec- Catechism of the Locomotive. 625 pages. 2..'i0 E>ngravtlons im�licitl.y, 1 consider it the grandest vita izer and Ings . Most accurate. complete. and easily understood restorer m eXlstence. To my use of H I attribute my book on tbe Locomotive. Price $2.50. Send for catalogue present state of good health. You may quote me as say- I of railroad books. The Railroad Gazette 73 B'way N Y ing all that."

, • • •

In these busy days of mercantile and professional ac I C. B. Rogers & Co . . NorwiCh , Conn . , Wood Working tivity there are thOU",lllds of overworked gentlemen I Macblnery of every kin d . See adv .. page 270. who are a s greatly rnn down a s M r . Wilson was. Their I Shipman Steam Engines.-SmaJl power practical enrestoration may be as complete as his. if they will try a gines burninllt kerosene. Shipman Engine Co., Boston. course of Compound Oxygen. To know all about this See palle 849.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

To the Reader : �'he r.apers here catalogued will be found. in

genera , to contain recent and valuable infol'lllRtion upon the subjects named. Many of the articles are profusely illustrated ; measures or scales are frequently given with the engravings. thus furnishing to the reader a key to the dimensions and construction of the parts.

Each of the specil1ed numbers contains sixteen large pages, and embraces the catalogued article together with a large variety of other useful and interesting matter.

Price for each number, 1 0 cents. Sent by mail to any part of the world on receipt

of price. Address Munn & Co., New York. Office. 361 Broadway. Remit in U. S. 80stage stamps. coin, or by postal order or notes. rders may like�� be made through bookstores and news agen-

In ordering please be particular to specify the nUlDber of the SUPPLEMENT.

A AbattOir and stockyard of Pennsylv. R.R . . . *8'7 Abbey, Melrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *304 Abscess, Callender's method of treating by ny-

perdistensio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �46 Absorption apparatus. Reiset's . . . . . . . . . . . . "*�59 Acculnulator, Boettcher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 4 Accumulator, hydraulic. differential . . . . . *230 A ccumulators and piles at Munich Exhib . *414 Acellograph. an apparatus for measuring the

pre�sure developed b'l gun powder gases and for studying the laws 0 the recoil motion of fire-arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269

Acetatc of soda manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 ACid, sulphuric, tower for. Glo\'er's . . . . . . . . *25 S Acids, improvements in the manufacture of.204 A"ids I sce under proper titles. as citric. tartaric) . Acoustic repulsion. by V . Dvorak . . . . . . . . . * 1 39 Acoustics, an experIment in propagation and

improvement of sound by the use of steel plates and wires. by A. C. English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1'7

. Acoustics i n projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* �5a Actinium, metal. by Dr . T. L . Phipson . . . . . . 305 Aetlnomctcrs, by Leon Warnerke . . . . . . . . * 220 Adder, tne ladder-back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'7 Aerial echoes. by Prof. Joseph Henry . . . . . . . 1 53 Aerial locomotion, method. by C. Sarkady . . . 2 5'7 Aerial navigation, by Tim. Choinskl . . . . . . . *283 Aerial navigation, by F . Barnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '72 Aerial navigation, by F. W. Brearey . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 Aerial navigation. by Fred W. Brearey . . . . . . 240 Aerial navigation. Montgolfter centenary . . *406 Aerial shiP. new, Dr. Woelfert's . . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Aerolltlc epoch of November 12th, 13th, by Prof.

Daniel Kirkwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Aeronautics, progress of, by Frederick W.

Brearey. An interesting paper, containing brief accounts of the most recent trials of balloons havin!!" mechanical propelling attachments . . . 5 f)

AfBnlty and valency. chem., by F. D. Brown.3 10 ACrlca, Cameron's journey across . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 Atrlca, Central. by Rev. John O. Mears, D.D.

An interesting article. giving an immense amount of infol'lUation in regard to that portion of -.Africa conccrning which our knowledge is imperfect. describing the geological and physical formation of the country. its climate, products. inhabitants, and showing what is being done to open up this rich region to commerce. Illus-trated with a map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *208, *209

ACrica, Commander Cameron's march across. ii '7� ACrlca, equatorial. explorat., by De Brazza. *3'70 Agatcs, imitation. how to produce . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Age, inl:luence of upon the intellect, an interest-

ing and instructive paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Age of ice, evidences of. by H. Woodward . . . *'76 Aging distilled spirits. apparatus, Sweet·s . . 1 2 Agitator, mechanical. for use I n Bessemer Rteel

manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '1-3 1 6 Agricultural College. la. by Prof. Knapp.*189 Agricultural building at Centen. ExhibtlOn . *4 AgriCU l tural Expel'. Station. Rothamsted*101 Agricult ural implements ancient and modern,

at the [,ondon Agricultural Show . . . . . . . . . . * 1 89 AgrlcBilural plant feeding, by E. Lewis

Sturtevant. M.D. A paper showing the advantages to be gained by the use of certain chemicals in wheat growing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 50

Agricultural science. recent progress in.\. hY' H. P. Armsby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269, �8'7, 345

Agriculture, chemistry of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Agriculture, potash in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 AgricultBre i n Japan. notes on. from a lecture

of President Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Agouti, South American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 Ailanto, o r tree o f Heaven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *402 Alno cloth, fabrication of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *244 Air and coal gas, explosive mixtures of �43, �45 Air and steam gauges, Nedden's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 191 Air and steam, superheater and condens. for. *258 Air, anhydrous as a therapeutic agent. by Dr.

G. A. Keyworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �OO Air and water. A lecture before a juvenile audi-

dence, by John Tyndall. D.C.L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2�0 Air, atmospheric. oxygen from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 AlrDlast to sweep chimneys Syllwaschy·s . *35 1 Air, carbonic acid in. by M .'riumas . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58 Air, compressed. i n mines, by M . G . Johnson 1 -10 Air, compressed,. for blastmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 Air, compressed. storage of, James' method . . 282 Air compressor and rock drill. Ferroux's, by H.

W. Pendred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Air compressor. Dubois & Francois· . . . . . . . . . . . *2� Air. gas and steam engine. comb'd Simon·s . * 168 Air, ground. in its hygienic relations. by Dr. M.

Von Pettenkofer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *82 Air compression. new method of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9� Air, compression of, by John Sturgeon . . . . . *2'79 Air compressor, Cranston's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *53 Air compressor. ventilating, Farcot·s . . . . . . . *390 Air compressor, Robey·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 Air cushions for docks. Clark & Standfield·s .*84 Air engines (see engines). Air, heated, for combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0'7 Air in relatIOn to health, by C. F. Chandler . . 362 Air moistening apparatus for spinning and weav-

ing rooms. Koertmg's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35� Air. motion of. effect upon the acoustic qualities

of an audotorium. by W. W. Jac�ues . . . . . . 1 64 A��ef::'su.�: . . . ��:-: . . �� . . �� . ��. �� . �YJ.lti Air pump. mercurial. simple. by G. M. Hop

kins. Description of an easily constructed and inexpensive Sprengel & Geissler air pump which may be used for all purposes of experimenta-tion, with figures showing construction . . . *�24

""Ir pump condenser. vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09 Air pump, mereur. double acting. Neesen·s . *289

Air pump, duplex, Niagara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3� AlDerican progress, comparative view of, by

I Annular wheels, forms of epicycloldal and invo-Air pump Sprengel Rood's modification of *303 R. P. Porter. An interesting paper . . . . 20'7, 208 lute teeth for inside gear, failure of the odonto-Alr pump; Wylie's . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·)\ 33 · AlDethyst, purple color. cause of . . . . . . ; . . . . 3Iil graph in certain practical cases. by Prof. C. W. A.lr refrigerating machinery . *� 1 5 , �52-, *�54l . AlDlDonla, apparatus for manufactul'lng. 1,or- MacCord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 291

*2'74, -It 288, '" 3�0,. 33 6 ' enzen's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�84 Annular wheels. machine for cutting. De Junker Air regulator for pump air-chambers . . . . , . it283 AlDlDonla, carbonate. from gas liquor. �fHr- & Ruh's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *365 Air reservoirs for locomotives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19'7 atus to manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '70 Anthracene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 80 Air temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6 AlDlDonla, a new continuous process of making, Anthracene, apparatus to manufacture . . * 1 8 '7 Air thermometers, by E. Rousseau . . . . . . . . . . *30'7 by Dr. Gruneberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�81 Anthracite coke as a steam fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4'7 Air thermometers, new, by D . Winstanley . *263 AlDlDonla engine. Gamgee's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;, 281 Anthrax, etiology of, by L . Pasteur . . . . . . . . . �59 Air warmin'\" appliances. Boyle·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *398 AlDlDonla, detel'lUination of by hypobromite of Anthropology, twenty years progress in. Ab-AlarID compass, electric. Severn's . . . . . . . . . * 195 sodIUm. apparatus for. Francis' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'79 stract of an address by Prof. Huxley . . . . . . . 148 AlarID, loom stopper. Demand's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -II 90 AlDlDonla. distrib. of, by Dr. R . A . SII\ith . . 1 4� AnthropolDetrlcal measurements . . . . . . . . 1 90 AlarID, water gauge, Ledent's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *245 AlDlDonla' from gas liquors, apr,aratus for ex- Anti-Cat remedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Alaska, topography, climate, products. by Shf!I- ' tracting, Elwert & Muller-Pack s . . . . . . . . . *296 Antiquity of man in Eastern America geologi-

don Ja�kson. D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36'7 AlDlDonia, fOl'lUation of a chemical compound cal ly con8idered, by H. C. Lewis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 AlbulD cover, by De Zuloaga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 41 of, with shver bromide. by J. V . Eldsen . . . *285 Antiseptic compound\. new. application of, to AlbulDen and gelatine. by A. P. Clark . . . . . . . 61 AlDlDonla, intravenous injection of, as a means preservation of food, oy Prof. Earll' . . . . . . . . 33� AlblilDen, commercial. by Alfred H. Allen 369 of stimulation, by Gaspar Griswold. M.D . . . . 18'7 Antiseptic substances. qualities of various . . 389 AlbulDen, convenient test for . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 36'7 AlDlDonia, laws of exchange of between the sea. Antiseptics, albuminated ferrous borotartrate. AlbulDen, test for. by Dr. W. H. Kesteren. . 63 atmosphere and continents. by Th. Schloesinp". 1 -Camphorated chloride of calcium. by Carlo AlbulDlnuria in persons apparently healthy. AlDlDonla, liquid. apparatus to test . . . . . . . *393 Paves! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3'7

by John Munn. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 AlDlDonia, manufacture of by means of me AntiseptiCS, relative power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 A lbulDlnoid substances, by M. Blennard . . 325 nitrogen of the air ; Rickman's process . . . . *21)4 Antiquities, Central American, recently dls-Alcohol , a new method of detecting when uoea AlDlDonla salts. manufact. from gas liquor* 1 8 '7 covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * �89

as an adulterant of the essential oils. by E . W . A IDIDO., I .. , synthesis of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Antiquities, Egyptian. of the Boulak M u-

APCa..'6.o�·Jltfects 'of; by' Rev: . t: J: ·Tempiin: . 3�f t==�::: :'��/��ce:�trato; ' soivaY·;i".:� �lA A:�':'

asb�b

Ld�tr�i��lln 'Ciii�a; 'by 'Dr: M:C�

Alcohol, caustic. mode of preparation and ap- AlDlDonla water, production of I appa rat us * 35 '7 gowan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 plications of, by Prof. A. B. Prescott . . . . . . . . 1 63 AnalDonlac, from leatherrubb sli. manuf. * �58 Ants, intelligence of, by Sir John Lubbock . . 1 43

Alcohol, conservation of tissue by. theory of" AlDlDontacal liquor. apparatus for distillin,... Ants, white. or termites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;, 223 by Prof. E. Chenery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Feldmann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 416 Ants, Sir John Lubbock on . . . . . . . . . . . . l '78 , �41

A lcohol, deodorization of by electrolysis, Naud;" AlDlDonlacal waters. treatment of.Hennebutte's AntU'erp.l port of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �46 & Schneider's process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *343 process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . �3.0 Apatite, canadian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 '7

Alcohol habit, effect of upon the human system. AlDlDonlulD sulphocyanide. appl1catlOn of 1 11 Apes, nose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 An interesting and valuable address by Dr. Wm. volumetric analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 Appearances vs. realities . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . 1 1 6 B. Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36'7 AlDlDonlum, chemical properties. compound., Apicu lture, practical. by Prof. A. J. Cook . . 246

A 'cohol , how to strengthen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 86 and tests of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 ARlculture, relation of to science. by A. J. Alcohol in nature. An account of the remark- AlDperelDeter and voltmeter. Deprez and Car- Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'76

able researches of M. Muntz. which led to the pentier's . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *353 Apoplectics, their mental state. their degree of unexpected discovery that alcohol exists every- AlDperelDeter, solenoid. Blyth·s . . . . . . . . . . . * 389 responsibility. and their civil capacity. by Le-where distributed throughout nature. in the AlDphltheater, and forum, Roman. at Arle�. grand Du Saulle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;J�1 earth, water. and atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 8 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '7 5 Apoplexy, popular errors as to the nature of. II

Alcohol in the sick room1 and its dangers. by AlDyl nitrite, medical uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Apple blossoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 J. D . Crothers, M.D. C inical studies of the AlDyl nitrite. hypodermic use of. by Dr. J. J . If. Apple corin� machine, how to make . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 histories and early causes of many cases of in- Harnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 AFi' ! � �: ' �- . ow manufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 ebriety, with medical testimony and remarks on Anaconda at Zoological <!�rde!lB, London . . * '7 3 Apple-tree �ore,.. remb:!� " .... ainst . . , . . . . . . . 1 6'7 several remedies having alcohol as a base . . . 1 42 Annealing metals, electrIClty for . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 Apples, stormg of, by J. S. Wooawaru .. . . . . . . �.58

Alcohol, insanity from. by Dr. A. Baer . . . . . 4 1 5 Analogy between the conductivity for heat and Apples, American, tlie most approved kinds.�8'7 Alcohol, chemical test for. by Dr. E.W. Ray . 46 the induction balanceetrect of copper-tin alloys. Apples, American. in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Alcohol, method of strengthening . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 6 by W . Chandler Roberts. F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . � 10 Apples, how to gather and store . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Alcohol, oxidation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �'71 Anal'lses-,.quantitative, color comparator for, by Apples, how to preserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �09* 210 Alcohol, rectification of by electricity, Naudin'� Pro . A . H . Leeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 34 Aquarium and winter garden, Plymouth . 149

system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 Analyses, vOlumetri0:tapplication of ammonium AquarlulDt great. at Birmingham, Eng., b�

Alcoholt solidification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 sulphocyanlde in, by . Volhard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 William Alford Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 89 AlcoholIslD i n its relation t o life insurance . 1 2J) Analysis, chemical. precipitates in. new methocl AquarlulD, Royal, London. descri:{!tion of the Alcohols, distillation and rectification of by u e of separating and treating. by �'.A.Gooch . * 1 30 building and its arrangement. with illustrations

of low tem.veratures. by' Raoul Pictet . . . . . *299 Analysis, general method of. for the tissues of of the hydraulic machinery employed . . . . . . . * 14 Alcohols. Impure. rectIfication and disinfection vegetables, b y E . Fremy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6] Aqueduc.t o f lead pipe. cheap and successful, by

of by the methods of L. Naudin. R. Pictet. an'i Analysis, hop, principles of. by C. O. Cech . . 303 Prof. R. Fletcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Eiseman,. by A. Schlumberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 AnalysiS, quantitative, a new method of exten- Aqueous va]!or. infiuence of on the explosion of

Alders for the lawn. advantages of . . . . . . . . . . . 236 slve applIcability. by Prof. A. Classen . . . . . . . 205 carbonic OXIde and oxygen. by H. B. Dixon .. 358 AleurolDcter, or fiour tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Analysis, spectrum, by Prof. Redwood . . . . . . . . '79 Aqueducts o f Paris. Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l( 291 Aleutian Isles, contribution to the history of, by Analysis, spectrum. applied to the solar system, Aqueducts, Roman, ancient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20

Dr. Arthur B . Stout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �96 by W. Huggins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �8 1 Arago, Francois. Biographlcalsketcb. with illus-Alexandria, bombardment of by the Eng1l8h. Analrsls, volumetric. in photography. applian- tration of statue erected to his memorY' at Ai�ii, l�ew: siibstane;; obtai.�ed· from: co::.�� A�:t��y� pathologiC8i; 'tli;; roie 'of; 'by ProP 1. A�t'J'�f��¥inre; ' ornamentai; 'a ' practicai' �:��

species of marine algre. its mode of preparation Cohnheim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �01, �03 upon, with a list of trees suited for ornamental and its applications. by E. C. C. Stanford . . . . 396 Anmsthesla, a new discoverer of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 plantations in the Northern United StatesA. by

AI;-ol, the demon star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 Anmsthesla under pressure, Bert·s exper . . . �O� John Robinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 AlIlDentatlon, artificial. the different methods Anm'!'thetlc, new. bromide of ethyl. by R. J . Archmological explorati!lns. A,sia M!nor . . . 3 1 3

of. by Dr. Thos. J . Gallaher. A paper o n the dif- LeVIS, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Archmological exploratlOns m OhIO. An ae-ferent methods of administering food aside from Anchor, sea. Bullivant·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 5 count of explorations made near Madisonville, the voluntary method by the mouth . . . . . . . . . 194 Anchor, ship's, impI'<!ve�, Tyzack·s . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 0 . • in lSi8,.lS,;"9. an? 1880, the results of wh!ch are

AlIlDentatlon, foreed, a paper by Alexander Anchor, two ton, t;mIth s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'79 the most mterestmg of any that have hItherto Hutchins, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �22 Anchors, portable. Capt. Swlnburn·s . . . . . . . -1( 93 been conducted in the Mississippi Valley. with

Alizarine, artificial, how to dye red with. by M. AnelDograplt, Howlett·5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236 descriptions and forty illustrative figures of a Prud'homme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 AnelDograph, Montso)lris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 198 large number of aborIginal relics . . . . . . . . . . *28�

Alizarine from anthracen-sulpho-acid. by G . AnelDolDeter of Mt. Santis observatory . . *416 Archmologr, American. Smithsonian Institu-Auerbach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 AnelDolDete!,,, Robinson's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'7 tion. inquiI"les concerning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1

Alizarine and allied coloriI1ll" matters, the history Angle block. Howe truss. dimensions. method of Arches and tunnels. beton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2�'7 of, and their production from coal tar1 bY w. H. calculating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 Arches, masonry. cause of failure of . . . . . . 4� Perkin. F.R.S. A very valuable techn cal paper. Aniline black, cerium, preparation . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8� A rt'hllt'ct , fire engineers and underwriters .. �50 giving an exhaustive account of the alizarine in- Aniline black, dyeing witli vanadium . . . . . . �45 Architecture, American, English ideas of . 3'70 dustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 86, *18'7 Aniline black, electrolyt'J by F. Goppelsoder. 1 5 Architecture, cast iron in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�4

Alizarine blue in dyeing and printing . . . . . . 1 60 Aniline blaCk, theory 01 the production of by Architecture, color in, by G. Aitchison . . . 3 8 1 Alizarine, by J . R . Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 the salts of vanadium. b y A . Guyard . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Architecture, Italian and French . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 AlkalllDetry, by J. Chisholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 AnIUneblack. improvements in, byA. Guyard . 69 Architecture i n the U. S . • prospects o f . . . . . . 1 1 AlkalllDetry, indicators for l.. a critical examina- "nUlne, mode of preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '7 8 Architecture in Cairo. EgY'pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 38�

tion of those now in use. by B. J. Hallock . . . 3�5 Aniline colors at the Centennial Exhibition. Architecture, marine, the Hucentaur . . . . . . * 6� Alkaloids, constitution of. recent studies on, by with brief notes on the mode of manufacture Architecture of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8

Dr. S . P . Sadtler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 of the different colors. by Carl Rumpff . . . . . . 3 2 Archltecturel Roman. ancient. at Hydra . *323 Alkaloids, mydriatic. by A. Ladenberg . . . 32-l Aniline printing. processfor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Architectural profeSSion. the prospects and AlkalOids, new color reactions of with certain AnilDal and plant life, abstract from lecture by pOSitIOn of. by John McLachlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . �68

reagents� fly B. Arnold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39'7 A. R. Grote. A.M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '79, * 1 8 5 A rctic exploration. by B. Leigh Smith . . . . . -I( 356 Alkalolas, vegetable, reagents, by R. Palm . 403 Animal colors. the philosophy of. by Dr. Andrew Arctic eXJ)loration. N ordenskjold's expedItion. Alligator, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 65 Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328, 329 Successful northeast passage of the vegDp with tn��: �gtt�l�egs�i!��krecipe for.: : : : : :� A��T.��J:��' . . ��.s�.�� . . ?� . . ��.t�� 1 �! . 8�;:tr�i�. ��. :.��:: � ?��.��. ��.ff ilf;' *��'i Alloys, anti - incrustation. Of O. Holden. 30 "nllDal intelligence by C. Lloyd Morgan . . . . 361 Arctic explorations cruise of the Jeannette. with A lloys, copper; among the anClents. by Prof. E. AnllDal llfe. by Dr. :t. H. Barker. Terrestrial life portrait of Lt. De Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii 320

Reyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 not a distinct entity. but a temporary condition A rctic exploration, loss of the Jeannette . . * 339 Alloys, metallic. method of imparting resonance of certain peculiar kinds of matter . . . . . . . . . . �'73 " rctlc explor . . Nordenskjold, N.E. passage .. � l l

to. by B. Silliman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 � AnllDal motion. discoveries of the past half cell- Arctic explorations. recent. Nordenskjold's;, 1 5 8 Alloys of lead and antimony. eliquation . �2'7 tury, by Dr. J . Burdon-Sanderson . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 AreotherIDlc balance for detel'lUining the Alloys of silver with embrittling metals. experi- AnllDals and plants, varying susceptibility of, to density of l1uids. plonde�u·s . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;; 23'7

ments on. by A . E. Outerbridge, Jr . . . . . . . . . . 18J) pOisons and dlSCaseS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Argandi Fletcher s , for tltratlOn . . . . . . . . . . . * 3�3 Alloys., wolfram, practical value of . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 AnllDals and 'plants, protective mimicry In, by ArlDadl lo, truncated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *241 AlphaDet acrobatiC. An ornamental alphabet of Prof. Mivart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 ArlDature, stepwound, Crompton·s . . . . . . . *3'7 5

which the different letters are derived from the AnllDall!!, chlorophyl. researches on . . . . . . . . . 3�4 ArlDenla, nntiquities from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1� human figure in various attitudes. Useful to all AnllDals containing chlorophyl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 ArlDUage House, near Manchester . . . . . . "* 362 letterers and ornamenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *305 AnllDals, domestic, diseases. by Prof. Law . . �43 ArlDor plate. approximate rules for the ppne-

Alphabets, the world's ; a series of engravings AnllD!1ls, . domesticl the disposition of color tration of . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . : . . �'72 displaying al l the modes of writing employed by markmgs m. by Prol. Wm. H. Brewer . . . . . . . �9'7 ArlDor plate. chilled cast Iron, for batterIeS, ad-man ever since he learned to express ideas .*35 AnllDals, extinct. discoveries i n the Rocky vantages of. with description of chilled iron

AlulD, manufacture of by Spence's process. . . 89 Mountains resume of, by Prof. Marsh . . . . . . . 34 cupolas built for the Prussian Government, and AlulD in fiour and bread. improved process for AnllDals, fur-bearing of Main/it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 of the' St. Marie battery at Antwerp . . . . . . . * � 1 5

the detection of. by A. W. BJyeth . . . . . . . . . . . 3�9 AnilDals. hibernation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�4 ArlDor plate. trial of competitive shot againAt. AlulD in Wfoming Territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 AnllDals, how they became carnivorous. by '1'. * 1 �'2' AlulD solutIOns. how to ascertain the density. '2' '7 R. Allinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 " rlDor plated forts, experimental firing at with AlulDlna, fixation of. as a discharge on mdlgo AnllDals in motion. attitudes of. by Mr. Mul'- great guns. England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *406·

blue by aluminum chloride. by G. Sall"et . . . . 336 bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 ArlDor plates. compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'09 AlulDlna salts. effect of on the gastrIC juice in AnilDals of the deep sea. abstract of an Interest- ArlDor plates. compound. Wilson·s . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3

the process of digestion ; experiments on twenty- ing paper on deep sea fauna. by Dr. Pagen- ArlDor plates. steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 two living animals. by Henry A. Mott. Jr . . . � 14 stecker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Army and navy building. Washington . . . . . *30'7

AlulDlnulD and its alloys. new process for. Nie- AnllDals, phosphorescent ; facts and thoughts. A rlDY bed. desk. and knapsack. combined . . "* 369 werth's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 by Prof. P. Martin Duncan. F.R.S . . . . . * 19'7 ArlDY WOl'lU, its life history. ita habits, and t.he

AlulDlnulD, lndustrial uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 AnllDals, reasoning of. by Jos. F . James . . . . �98 mode of exterminating it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 306 AlulDlnulD industryl present status of . . . . . . 1 9� Ailimal .. , sex in • . how to controL . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 A rsenal,. Austrian Lloyds' at Trieste . . : . . . . * 1'39 AlulDinulD, manulacture of. new process" AnilDals, speech m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'72 Arsenic m the arts as a cause of arsemcal pOiSOn-

Thompson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 AnilDals, the earlier migrations of. and their re- I lng, by S. A. Lattimore. LL.D. An important AlulDlnulD, method of manufacture. character- lation to the present distribution of animals. paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Istics and applications of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Ali important contribution to our knowledjre of Arsenical wall paper and artificial fiowers. AlulDlnulD, its properties, cost, and uses . . . . 36� existin� animal life. by Carl Vogt . . . . . . . . . . . �62 dangers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'7� AlDalgalDallon, battery and copper-plate by Anlnaals, uses of in the ornamental arts . . . . . 36� Art manufactures of Japan. by Dr. Christopher

Prof. R. H. RichardS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 AnllDall!!, v�ccination ofl by L. Pasteur . . . . . . 3 110 Dresser. An in�sting paper, describmg the AlDalgalDs, dental, an exhaustive paper upon. AnllDals, wmter sleep 01 . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'72 methods of makmg pottery and fans. and pro-

by Dr. Charles J. Essig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 AnllDatlon, suspended . . A paper by B. W. Rich- cesses of weaving. silk decoration. and lacquer-AlDateur mechanics (see mechanics). ardson. pointing out what. by experiment, is ing, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 AlDber; concerning. by El'lUinnie A. Smith. An known as to the possibility of suspending anlmRI Art gallery of the Centennial Exhibition . . . . . *�

interesting and exhaustive paper . . . . . . , . . . * ��6 life by different agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Art gallery, Walker, Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE P .AGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRA VINGS. PR ICE :1.0 OENTS EA CH NUMBER. KUNN .t 00., 86 1 BROA D WA Y, NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMBERS.


884 A ()ATALOGU� OF SOM� OF TH� VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

ArtelJlan wells. A comprehensive and valuable I Balloon. captive. at the Paris Exhibition. *146 Bee, the 9ueen. with especial reference to the Block building. Z system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z03 paper. giving an account of the most recent bor- Balloon, electriC/ Tlssandler·s. Full deSCriFtion fertilizatIOn of her eggs. by John Hunter . . . 1 79 Block. cargo. Laurence·s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z53 mgs m San Francisco and of the tools there em- of the construct on of the balloon. and 0 the Bees. most profitable kinds to keep . . . . . . . . . . . 1 35 Blood corpuscles,. contraction of throngh the ac-ployed. and particulars of artesian wells In other propelling apparatus and batteries . . . . . . . . *41 6 Bees. by F. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 tion of COld. by H. U. Piper. M.D . . . . . *68, *69 parts of the couutry, the tools used. the cost, Balloon. Giffard's, details of construct·n . * 1 Z 7 Bees. how to prepare for winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 Blood corpuscles. decolorized. and their identity etc . . . . . . . . * 1 56, 1 57. * 1 58, * 1 59. * 160 Balloon. Giffard·s. at the French Exhib . . . . *46 Bees. how to hIve swarms of. In high trees . . *38 with tuberculous corpuscles. by Dr. Rollin It. Artesian wells and the great Sahara. by Lt. Balloon musket. Krupp·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40 Bees. transferring. hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 BGloreogg c" 'o'r'p' u"s'c'I'e's"o'f"a'n"lm" al" s· ."re"l·a·t·I,'v·e"s· I,'z·e· s". '. 1 !?08 Schroeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 5 Balloon. new. Woelfert·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Bees .. queen Italian ' the proper season for in- d .. Artellian wells in Sahara. by P. De Tchihatchef. Balloon. the great captive. end of the . . . . *203 troaucing . . .. . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Blood corpuscles. red. by W. H. Hammond . *98 353 Balloons. buoyancy of. regulation. by E . C. Beeswax, white. method of testing for ceresine Blood. circulation of. by Th. Moureau . . . . . * 1 84 Artillery experiments in England . . . . . . . . . . . *59 Omhart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 and paraffine. by A. Peltz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Blood. circulation of. by PrOf. E. J Marey*ZIZ Artillery experiments a t Spezia with one hun- Balloons. India rubber. how made . . . . . . . . . . Z49 BeeC, American for English markets process of Blood. peroxide of hydrogen in. an attempt dred ton Arnistrong gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *374 Balloons. manufacture of. at Paris . . . . . . . *4 13 killing . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 to explain the curative action of certsin reme-Artillery, progress of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Balloons. steam engine for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z86 BeeCblood powder. value of, for invalids . . . . 407 dies mgeneral use. by John Day. M.D . . . . . . 1 5 5 Artillery system. Col. Bange·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4Z6 Ballooning from England to France . . . . . *330 Beer. apparatus for preserVIng. Weinmen·s . . *4 Blood pressure. apparatus to measure . . . . . * 1 84 Artisans' dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4Z0 Ballooning. military. Abstract of a paper by Beer. apparatus for reviving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . *Z67 Blood stains. easy methods of detecting. by Prof. Artlsanll, skilled. necessity for more. by Jameil Lt. B. B. Powell. on the various uses for which Beer casks. new. how to swceten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z56 D. S. Kellicott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z61 M. Blanchard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 the balloon may be used in warfare . . . . . . . . . 397 Becr. condensed. by Dr. Bartlett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lZ Blossom Hock. San Francisco harbor. method Artists. homes. A series of views and plans il- Balls, suspension of on jets of air. steam. or water. Beer. ginger. lemon. hop. etc . • recipes for . . . . Z70 employed in removing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z4 lustrating the dwelling houses of the leading b:!, W . F. Durfee. C.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *76 Beer. hop-resin and other substances in . . . . . . Z20 Blotting paper. how made. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 painters. architects. and sculptors of England. Balsam fir tree, by C. H . Peck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Beer. how to make lager beer ; how to make Blo",". duratIOn of ; how it varies with the weight accompanied with descriptions thereof .*Z31 . Bamboo. acclImation of in the U. S . . . . . . 372 "Scnenk" beer ; how to make "Bock" beer ; full of the hammer. its velocity of descent. and with *Z33. *Z38. *Z40. *247, *Z48, *Z59, Bamboo. use of In China. and the advisability of and practical directions for making beer at the material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 *Z61, *Z67,_ *Z70, Z75. *299, *3 1Z cultivating it in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . 290 home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Blower and exhauster. Brakell·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . *53 Arum family. \.lalla ana other lilies . . . . . . . . . {�424 Band saw for .iron. improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *397 Beer. lager. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7 Blower .. Roots'. as used for miRe ventilation at Asbestos and its varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Band saw. sharpening and setting mach . . *331 Beer, milk. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 1 8 the Chilton colliery, Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -lHOO Asbestos and its various applications in the arts Bank checks. safety. Nesbit·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z7 1 Beer. organisms found in. A valuable paper by Blower. steam. for smithy forge. Korting . . � 39 and industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 Baptistery, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2Z0 E. C. Hansen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z3' Blowers. force blast. Roots· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Asbestos stopper for combustion tubes . . . . . . Z8 7 Barge. State. of University College . . . . . . . . *Z43 Beer. drawing. pressure apparatus for . . . . . *346 Blowing apparatus. steam. laboratory . . . . *Z33 Asia, the central plateau of. An interesting re- Barks of the oak. willow. and elm. chemistry of. Beer. racking device to retain carbonic acid in. Blowing engines for ventilation purposes. * 1 4 Z view of all that is known concerning this district. by E. Johansen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 8 7 Seibel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 Blowing engines. high-speed. Weimer Machine by Sir R. Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 361 Barley. maize. and rice. chemical comp . . . . 8 7 Beer. recipe for making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47 Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Ash tree and its varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *361 Barley. maize and rice. chemical composition of. B-:oeri ropmess in. cause and treatment of . . . . 195 Blowing engine. M�r:ris,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . *39 Ashes as plant food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 by J. Steiner. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z88 Beet e. scolytid. ravages of. amongmaples.*38 8 Blow-oft' cock. eqUIlIbrIUm. Booker s . . . . . . . *91 Asparagus. cultivation. French system . . *370 Barn. octagon. how to construct ; full particu- Beetles that prey on hollyhoc�.-The parsnip- Blow-pipe and spectroscope for mineralogists. Aspergillus in the living human ear. by C. H. lars. with plan of basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 seed moth.-The current-bud mIte . . . . . . . . *369 Hall·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Burnett. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *208 Barometer, absolute. Haus & Hermary·s . * 195 Beet pulp. continuous press for. Dujardin's*35 1 Blow-pipe and gas generator. Thomson·s . . *95 Asphalt. its origin. preparation. and uses. A Barometer. Dufuor's new registering . . . . *420 Bcet root and beet root sugar. by Edw. Lefroy Blow-pipe bellows. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . * 13 J valuable article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3lt6 Barometer. dynamic. Winkler·s . . . . . . . . . . . *Z07 Cull. Description of a precess of beet root sugar Blo","-plpe. gas. for tiring carwheels . . . . . . *337 Asphaltum. its geological origin. preparati0'!l Barometer, how to make. by A. F. Miller. *309 extraction for farmers' use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 Blow-pipe. gas. Wenham·s . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . *ZOO and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·lI-Z7.. Barometer. mercurial. record'g. Draper's *209 Beet root molasses residue. apparatus for distill- Blow-pipe. pocll:et. Casamajor·s . . . . * 1 3. * 143 Asphalt for photographic purposes . . . . . . . . . . 243 Barolneter. mirror. De Bort·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 79 ing and carbonizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *376 Blow-pipe reactIOns. by E. J. Chapman . . . . . 99 Asphalt pavements in Washington. mode of Barometer, registering. Cecci's . . . . . . . . . . . * 198 Beet root sugar. strontia process for . . . . . . . . . . 408 Blows and pressure. relative value of. experi-laying, wear. cost for repairs. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Barometer. registering. Redier's . . . . . . . . . . . *36 Beet sUlfar industry. A plea for its extension in ments on. by Prof. Kick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Aspbalt. prepara . • tests. directions for use . 122 Barolneter. registering. Richard·s . . . . . . . . . *379 the Umted States. by Ernest T . Gennert . . . . . 1 66 Blue prints. large. how to make .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Z1 Asphaltum, nature and composition of . . . . . Z I6 BarOlneter. the Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z7Z Beet sugar in France and Germany. by John Boar. wild. and her young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *345 Asphyxia. a speedy method of obviatiug in the Barometers. improved. Wagner's . . . . . . . . . . . *51 Sparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � . . . . . . 186 Boat. Berthon's f�r p�ntoon bridge . . . . . . . * 199 infant. and also for the relief of that condition Barometric balance. Redier·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z54 Beets. new products from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Boat. coal. self-tnmmmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 in the adult, by H. L . Bl;rd. Mp . . . . . . . . . . . *�1 5 Baro�etrl�al high and low pressures caused by BehrIng's Straits currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z86 Boat. collapsible. Berthon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *341 Aspirator. Improved. RIChard s . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(, 5 1 gyratmg wmds, by G. W. Dow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z9 Boat. ferry. Loftus Perkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Zl 7 Assay office. some problems arising in. by C. H. Barrel lifter. German . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ *46 Bel!, " Great Paul." St. Paul's Cathedral . . *340 Boat. how to tow with one man . . . . . . . . . . . . . *358 Aaron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Barre! making machinery. Holmes' . . . . . . . . . *36 Bebry of Crescentino. removal of . . . . . . . . . . *41 7 Boat house. Oxford. Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z43 Assyria. archooological discoveries in . . . . . . . 302 Barrel"" improvement in the manufacture of Bells. church. new mode of mounting . . . . . . . 204 Boat. life. with sea-dividing ends. Jackson·s . *99 Assyrian discoveries. recent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 7 by R. M. Munroe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8Z Bells, electro magnetic. useful. as calls on tele- Boat. life and surf. Chapman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Asteroids. distribution. by D . Kirkwood . . . . Z8 Barrels. method of charring the interior of. by phone o r telegraph lines. with working drawings Boat-lowering apparatus. improved . . . . *Z63 Asteroids. by Prof. C. A. young . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 W. McMurtrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *68 and full directions how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 Boat-lowering apparatus. Improved. Law-Asthma and hay fever. treatment of. by Alonzo Baseball base, O'Neill·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 Bellows, foot. improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 87 rence·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 109 Clark. M.D . • LL.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . ZZI Baseball science. A paper showing how balls are Belts. adhesion of. by J. H. Cooper . .-. . . . . . . . . Z36 Boat-lowering apparatus. Pinker·s . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Asthma. bronchial. remedies for. by Dr. Jno. C . thrown so as t o make a curved path. and wh.f Belts, leather. horse-power of. formula and tables Boat, Nautilus. the small vessel that successfully Thorowgood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 they follow a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40Z. *410 for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 crossed the Atlantic in 1878 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 145 Asthm�, grindelia robusta as a remedy for by Baseball. improved, Hipkiss· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 Z Belts. rubber, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 5 1 Boat. racing. twenty-foot. Dimensions of a twen-Dr. '.r. M . . Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5 Basket; drop. or bag-","orm. by Prof. C. V . Belts. transmItting. cham. Bushnell·s . . . . . . . . *6 ty-foot Australian boat for racing and cruising. Asthma. IOdIde of potassium Ill . . . . . . . . . , . . . . IZ3 Riley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : * 1 43. * 1 5Z Belting, rules for calculating the power of.*39 with perspective view. diagrams. and details Astigmatism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 39 Basslc mine, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z 14 Bending roller for boiler plates. Beesley·s.*324 drawn to a scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33Z Astlg-;natlsm ; .a pape:r: by: Dr. C, . A. Bucklin. Baths. swimming. Chelsea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 5 Bending rolls, boiler-plate. improved . . . . . . *302 Boat� sail. small. for rough waters. directions for showmg how thiS affectIon IS to.be dIagnosed and Bats. protective mimicry in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Bending macnine for angle iron. Dennie's .. 3Z7 makmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 corrected. Illustrate9- wit!J a dIag�m to be USf'd Batliyblus. what is a? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Bengal lights. recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Boat. sail. sharpie model. details of construction as a standard for testmg dIStant VISIOn . . . . * 30 1 Batbing. prolonged. physiological effects . . 3Z3 Berth, swinging. for ships. Andrews' . . . . . . . . . * 8 and working plans drawn to a scale . . . . . . . . * 1 7 7 Astigmatism and ophthalmometry.by M. Gavar- Bathometer. deep sea sounding". Siemens' . -lI'23 Bessemer. Sir Henry. An interesting account Boat. sail. with roller center-board . . . . . . . . . * 134 ret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*38 3 Battery and telephone breath Harrison·s . * 1 60 o f his life and inventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Boat. torpedo, Garrett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Astigmatism. instrument for estimatin!\" An- Battery. Bunsen. imp�oved. Azapis' . . . . . . . . . Z64 Beton, concrete. in building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 8 Boat, torpedo. Herreshoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 der'ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ,' . ""�53 Battery. Callaud. low resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Beton tunnels and arches : a paper describingtlIe Boat. torpedo (see torpedo boat). Astringent substances. new process 0.r .tlt!.�tIl!S'. Battcry. Callaud. economical arrangement . . 167 recent successful application of beton to the Boat. tug. double-screw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z3 by F. Jean . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . " .. . . . . . . . . . �';lJ Battery. carbon. plastic. how to make . . . . . . 4 1 5 lining of railway tunnels where stone and bricks Boat. tug, twin-screw. for the Rhine . . . . . . . *396 AstringentlJ. comparatIve value andstrength.�5 Battery.cascade. f!lr tel. purposes. Higglns'*363 are inapplicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ZZ7 Boats ana rafts. portable. Stanley·s . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 Astronomical photography. Abstract of a Battery cell. Damell. as a standard of electro- Bevel gear cutter. Corliss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 50 Boats and small yachts. rigs for various . . . * 1 3 1 lecture by Prof. J. K. Rees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 motive forcet.,Moser·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z95 Bevel gear wheel cutter. Corliss, by J. Rose . *24 Boats. apparatus for launching. Magnus' . . * 1 60 Astronomical science. present condition of. an Battery cell. rlush·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 73 Bevel wheels. eUipt . • by Prof. C. W.MacCord* 141 Boats. canal. improvements in propelling. Bug-address before the American Association. Bosto1!J Battery cell. an improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *367 Bevellng circular plates. machine for, Pedder & bee's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 by Asaph Hall . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �4'l Battery cell, vol!alC. new. Biggs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Abel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 BoatlJ. cheap. how to build.-A series of plain. Astro.,.omlcal tIme. mstrument for markmg. Battery. cnemICal work produced by. by D. Beverages. summer. forty choice recipes. A practical articles. showing how any intelligent Horn s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 'l'ommasl 347 valuable paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9Z person, by- following thc directions. may build Athens. Am!lri<!a!l school of class�cs at . . . . . . . 4 16 Battery. Ci;lorlde 'of ' ilme: Niaiidet;s : : : : : : : *Z 19 Beveragest gaseous. apparatus for manufactur- a boat WIth economy. Each article is accom-Athens, antlqUl�Ies ofj)2 engravmgs . . . . . . *4ill Battery. chloride of silver. De la Hue·s . . . . * 1 1 5 ing. Mondollot·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *365 panied with drawings, diagrams. very full dlrec-Atmograph regIster. Montsouris . . . . . . . . . . * 198 Battery. chloride of silver. Scrivanow's . . . *38 5 Bianconi, Charles. the inventor of the Irish tions. dimensions. etc. Atmosphere and ozone. by Prof. A. It. Leeds. Battery for electric balloons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *416 car. Biographical sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 The three-dollar scow.-7 illustrations . . . . . . . . *25 A valuable paper . . . . . ,' . . . . : . : . . . . . . , " . . . .- . .. . *1 5� Battery. galvanic. improved. Fuller's . . . . . . *40 Bicycle. Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 The five-dollar rowing skiff.-13 Illustrations . *:l6 Atm.osphere. c�rbomc aCId m. Relset s mvestI- Battery. galvanic. Watson's . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . *33 Bicycle. double. English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 18 The fourteen-doliar sailing skiff.-With 14 gatlOns concernI� . . . . . . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z59 Battery. electric. of flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 Bicycle and tricycle. the Merlin . . . . . . . . . . . . *334 illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z9 Atmosphere. dismfection 0:£. abstract of lecture Battery. insulite. sealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *390 Bicycle. large wheeled. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 The twelve-dollar row boat.-lJ.5 iIIustra-by Dr. It. J. � . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . 4 1 7 Battery. Leclanche. new form of . . . . . . 191 . 203 Bicycles. by Paddlefast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 tions. Illustrates tpe construction of a Atmosphere, mfec�Ive. a c!lmbat WIth. by John Battery. light. new. for railway trains . . . . . . . 41 7 Bicycles. improved. Garrood·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *09 graceful ribbed boat, light weight . . . . . *30. 3Z Tyndall. Facts tendmg to dIsprove the theory of Battery. manganese. improved. Leuch's . . . . . 39Z Bicycles. improvements in. Turner·s . . . . . . * 1 Z6 The sixteen-dollar family boat.-With 7 illus-spontaneous genera�ion . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Battery. manganese, Rousse's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 Big trees (Sequoioo) of California . . . *397. *404 trations. A handsome and commodious Atmosphere, celestIal bodIes. Landeur . . . . . 258 Battery. mercury. bichromate Fuller.s . . . . . ')10 7 1 Bile. secretion of. action of drugs on . . . . . . . . . Z03 boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36 At��sphere of stove heated rooms. by W3' M3. Battery. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Bilious diseasesj• what they are and why so The fifteen-dollar Whitehall row boat.-With WIllIams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Battery, new. Camacho·B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 called. by I. H . .N owlin. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5Z 3 illustrations . . . . . . . . . . '.' . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *37 A�mosphei'e, the removal of aqueous vapor Battery. new. Gaiffe.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 Binary arithmetic. experiments in . . . . . . . . . *4Z1 The fifteen-dollar sailing and rowing canoe. from. by J. J. Coleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 8 1 Battery. new oxide of copper *4Z1 Binding of a book of songs. the former property With 8 illustrations. including perspective Atmospheric hammef. Butterileld·s . . . . . . . . *44 Battery. new. Pulvermacher's: : : : : : : : : : : : . . . 1 39 of Henry and Diana of Poitiers . . . . . . . . . . . . *405 of double sail rig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 Atomizer, Lo<!hmann s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *340 Battery. nickel, Slater.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 0 Biology and chemistry. borderland of . . . . . . . 289 A. thirty:-dollar yacht.-With . 8 i.llustratiolls, Atoms. attractIVe force. by D. P. Blackstone . 7 5 Battery. ozonizing. Leeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *203 Biological sciences. connection of with medi- mcluding perspective of saIl rIg . . . . . . . . . . . '1('42 Atom� ... molecules. and ether waves. by John Tyn- Battery. Plante. modiflcation of. Pezzer's . . . 301 cine. by Prof. Huxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 A three-hundred-dollar center-board yacht. dall. ] .R.S . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Battery. Pezzer-Plante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3Z3 Bird architecture. the phlpidura . . . . . . . . . . . *228 -With 10 illustrations. A fast and service-Aural therapeutICs. a climcal lecture. by Dr. Battery. Reynier-Plante. accumulator . . . . *426 Bird. fossil. from Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149 able vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *67 Laurence Turnbull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 93 Battery. Schultze's *414 Bird filght. the mechanics of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z71 A five-hundred-dollar steam yacht.-4 il-Aurora borealis and telegraph cables . . . . . . . . Z88 Battery. secondary; 'Faure;s:by <L A: ·Faure.304 Birdll. toothed. of Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z58 lustrRtions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *69 Auroras. a new theory.of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . *30 Battery. secondary. Liardet-Donnithome . . . 370 Birds. are they derived from dinosaurs. by Boats, collapsible. by Rev. E. L. Berthon. }'ull Auror�s, po!ar. COS�IC, optic • . magnetIC. and Battery. secondary. Sellon & Volckmann . . . . 33Z Prof. B . F . Mudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 descnption. and illustrations. by the inventor. of electrIC theorIes of. WIth IllustratIOns of some re- Battery, sesquioxlde of iron and chlorhydrate of Birds. migrations of, by H. D. Minot . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 his system of folding boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *84 markable forms . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 7Z ammoma. Gaiffe·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 Birds. the fiight of. and the mechanical princi- Boats, curious, at the CentenniaL . . . . . . . . . . *5Z A ustralla. ¥old-beanng rocks of . . . : . . . . . . . . . 37' Battery. storage. electric lighting of the Comptoir pies involved. A paper by A. C . Campbell. show- Boats, double. twenty illustrations of . . . . . . * Z3 Z A ustraUa, Its desert. and natural hIStory . . . . 1 39 d' Escompte by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *354 mg how the bird manages to sustain itself against Boats. ferry. of the port of Marseilles . . . . * Z99 Audiometer. Prof. ;Hughes· " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 86 Battery. storage. eiectrical. by H. Sutton . . . . 32Z gravity � and to acquire any desired speed . . * Z98 Boats. fishing. at the Berlin Fisheries Exh.*Z41 Automata, performmg, remarkable .. " . . . . * .1 56 Battery. storage. Houston & Thomson's . . . *Z1 5 Bismutn bronze. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Boats. high speed. hints on construction . . *394 A v�llng2 Thomas. the father of t."actlOn enfmes Battery. thermo-electric. Clamond's . . . . . . . *Z 1 1 Bismuth. comparison of the methods for its esti· Boats. high speed. Raoul Pictet·s . . . . . . . . . . * 38 5 BIOgraphical sl,tetch !lnd P'?rtralt . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 Battery. thermo-electric. Sudre's . . . . . . . . . . * 195 mation. by T. B. Stillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Boats. ice. velocity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ZI4 Axl.e boxes. radIal. raIlway. Improved. b y H . W . Battery. voltaic. a cheap form of. b y Alfred It. Bismuth oxide. as an agent for opening up sili- Boats. ice (see ice boats). Wldmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 7 Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Z6 cates. by W. Hempel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Boats, lines of. how to get. by It. Cooper. Prac-Axle breakage on railways. by W. Thamm . . . . *76 I Batteries. blchro. soda Jarriant& Grenet's*35 4 Bitumen of Trinidad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74. 1 7 5 tical directions both for designing and building Axle. car and tender • . standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . *294 Batteries. electric. earth. Cerpaux's . . . . " . . *42 Bjerknes' experiments in reproducing tlie ef- small boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 140 Axle cranks. locomotIVe. apparatus to square and I Batteries. galvanic . . . . . . . . * 15 7, * 1 5 8 . * 1 5 9 fects of electrICity by vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 5 Boats. novel rig for. A description. with com-measure . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z8.4 I Batterles� galvanic. descriptions of several im- Blackberries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 plete working drawings. by H. R. Taylor. of a A;xles. movmg, speed apd torSIOn of. telephOnIC proved fonns-Slater's, Howell's. McCarty's. Blackberry. Kittatinery. by E. Williams . . . . I Z 1 rig for small yachts. by means of which thc sails mdicator: for. by 9. Jieslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 . Egstrom's. and Gutensohn.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z38 Bladder. minute fragments of stone in. a new may be lowered at critical moments . . . . . . * 163 Axles. railway. frICtIOn of. experiments !>n . . 1 9 1 Batteries. secondary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 searcher for detecting. by Edmund Andrews. Boats. new cat-rig for. by Captain R. B . Forbes. Ayrton, .Prof. W. E. Sketch and fc0rtralt . *335 Batteries secondary Plante's by A. Niaudet- M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5Z A simple. handy sail that can be reefed from the ARz�ec rULamsp?aftaSaoudthswestJerna Co orado. on *t9h:; Breguet . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *5 B!:r��:-��dl!i:rgraaa;-��k��E��d P��rJ��g ��pd��-[g�:rl. sfg0r..l��d s��aononeronn�gs .mi. *nlu3te3· Ivers . n an u n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Batteries. secondary. and the electrical storage h Aztec ru�ns in Colorado .," . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *244 of enerl:!'Y. two valuable lectures delivered before Blast furnace. ant racite, Weimer·s . . . . . . . . * 1 01 Boats. small. steam or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 8 Aztec rUIns in New MexICo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ZZ6 the SOCIety of Arts by Prof. O. Lodge . . . . . . . 4 1 6 Blast furnace. apparatus for charging. Weimer Bobbins. throstleiidrag for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 Batteries. secondary. by Prof. O . J . Lodge . . 34Z & Birkenbine·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 13 Bo bbins. warper. ow made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09

B Batteries, secondary. Grove's. Plante's. and Blast furnace slag. fiuid. improvements in the Bobbins. warping. with iron heads . . . . . . . . * 1 70 }'aure's. by Prof. W . Grylls Adams. A valuable treatment of. by A. D. Elbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z95 Bog land. reclamation of. by the German method Bablroussa. the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0/(- 41 5 statement of the construction. operation. effici- Blast or vacuum apparatus.laboratory.Hanks·*7 of burying with gravel. by Prof. F. H. Storer.Z21 Baboons, South African . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *205 ency and utility of these new reservoirs of elec- Blast furnaces of Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 . Boller calking. Connery's system of . . . . . . . . . *41 Babylonia, recent dlslJoveries in . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 t ' j 3 14 Blast furnaces of Bethlehem. Pa . • IronWorks*93 Boller casing and seating Reilly's *43 Bacteria as a cause of disease. Dr. S . H. Potter. 3 rICa energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blast furnaces. process of applying oxygenated Boller d ' U ' ach'ne Bo k • . . . . . . . . . . *Z58 B t fa f di ' 1 ts b P f Batterics, secondary. Roilsse·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 . . H b tel' 83 n mg m I • w er s . . . . . . . . . . ac er as a cause 0 sease m p an • y 1'0 . Batteries, secondarI' with s�cial reference to alr m. om os s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boller experiment. Lawson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *341 T . J . Burrill . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z97 1 1 " t · n b D H Gl t F R S 3 5 '"' Blast furnaces. substitution in of liqu\d va ?t0r- Boiler ex�eriments. Lawson·s. at Pittsburg. Pa . • Bacteria in the soil and air 3'"'5 oca aC 10 • Y r. . . a one. . . . . • . d d h d bo f l 'd ' I b D T *3 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batteries. nitric and chromic acid. by John T. lZe an gaseous y rocar ns or so I ue . y . . awson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacteria investigation. progress of . . An interest- Sprague 38 1 by C . Plagge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 Boiler economy. experiments and researches on. ing- summary of recent observations and theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blasting and blown out shots in fiery mines bi by the Societe Industrielle de Mulhouse . . . . *-6 b G M *30"j Batteries. storage. Edison's views on . . . . . . . . 376 *"'5 ., J' . arpmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* Bay tree " alIfornia ethere 1 ' 1 f b J M St'll W. Purdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥ Boller explosion at DaytoI}. Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 8 Bacteria, transformation of. a new theory . . 334 • v • a 01 O . Y . . I - . Blasting by compressed air. by W. E. Garforth. Boller explosion. Jewell's Mills. Brooklyn. *333 Bags. paper. machines for making . . . . . . . . . * 191 B man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 188 Boller explosion. experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 Balance. areothermic. for deterInining the Beacon tower offLaxezzi. ti: · · · · . . · · · · . . . . *!�X Blasting compound. new. Huetter·s . . . . . . . . . l 76 Boller explosion, Gaffney. W. B. Ie Vanon .. . 308 density of liquids. Blondeau·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z37 Beam compasses or raug men. new.. . . . . · Blasting explosives. modern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IZ7 Boiler explosion. locomotive. remarkable . *Z66 Balance. barometric. Redier·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z54 eams. compacted, by Thomas Morris . . ; . * 1 1 7 Blasting. how to make the hole. what explo- Boller explosion in Cincinnati. December Ill. Balance. dispensing. tubular. Gorman's . . . *Z9� Beams. curved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *128 sives to use. how to fire the charge. by Arthur 1882. cause of, by Alfred R. Payne . . . . . . . . *3 76 Balance. electro-dynamic. Debrun·s . . . . . . . *35 5 Beams. flexure of. cxperiments on. . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 Kirk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z70 Boller explOSIOn on the Thunderer . . . . . *39. 40 Balanee. hydrostatic. Wackermann·s . . . . . . *ZZ4 Beams. theory of strength. how to estimate the Blasting h ies made by means of hydrochloric Boller explosions from Sept . • 1876. to April! 1877.

=:I::��i.�V:�c:{��;r;spm(jticiii inf�� BB�:�.uES��s��rc ��:ry of: 'byL:it:Stoweil: *Z31 46

2 � B��iiiig�' Hille 'cact;i-:idges'fo�: : : : : : ::::::::: : : � U Boller, gas heated. multitubular . . . . . . . . . . � *��f tion deduced from special experiments at Defi- ean, soy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 Blasting, submarine. experIments in . . . . . . . *74 Boller house for Corllssengine at the Centen*14 ance Machine Works. A valuable paper . . *368 Beans, cultivation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74 Blasting, submarine. Lauer system of . . . . *34Z Boller incrustation, complete prevention of. .Z86 Bala","at. bronze gates of . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZOI BeanlJ. devil. of Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *106 Blasting without powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Z Boller incrustations. tannates of soda for . . . 1 3 7 Balcony railing and inclosure for Goethe monu- Bear. polar. by Capt. Koldewey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Bleaching apparatus, Morris· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 3 Boller. marine. new form of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 ment. Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z87 BearlnfS and brasses. heating and cutting in. Bleaching and dyeing straw hats. various re- Boller inspection. new U . S . Government rules Baldness. pilocarpine for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z31 some 0 the causes of. by Joshua Rose . . . . . . *3 cipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z77 in respect tn. and also to fire apparatus. boat Baldness. premature, cause of aud treatment, b:!, Becquerel. Antoine Coosar. Biographical sketch. Bleaching by electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 lowering devices. and life preservers . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 O. Lassar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 6 with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *259 Bleaching kier. improved. Bracewell·s . . . *205 Boller inspection ; rules of the English Board of Baldness. remedies for and proper treatment of Becquerel. Regnault. and Secch!. A sketch of Bleaching of vegetable textile materials. appli- Trade ; instructions to surveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 04 Bt,.\ed�!r,;S�Pe�t!��t �: ��I�r.e:fi: Roiie : Uf t��'hP.�� . . �� . . ��: . . �� . . �� . �fll<; B'i!��:':I��=��ostrjcIi 'featiiem : : : : ��g� Be��e; ��i��' ffr��l.i�. �.��i��. �.��. ��il&� BalCour, rof. F. M. Sketch. �ortrait . . . . *356 Beehive. an ancient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 Bleaching textiles. process of . . . . . . . . . 147 . 1 53 Boller making. machine tools for . . . . . . . . . . *3Z4 B::!:fgr�f�� . ��: . . � . . �. �� . . ��5°l =:: ��mo�: B�tf8h��: : : : : : : : : : : : : � �.� � . a: m::�:�:i ��i �t��t]j��!::��t.�� .. I�; Bs:Jti�i. ��.I�� •. . �� .��. �.�� .l�� .�:iffi Ball suspension y,uzzle at the Centen . . *3 7, *.47 Bee keeping in India . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 Bleaching wool without sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Boller. paper pulp. Roeckner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 B_al_la_s_t,.,;....w_a_te_r._o_r_S_h_iPB_._b_y_Be_nj_._M_a_rte_I_._ . . _*_9_'7_B_e_e::..., _n_ew_e_n_e_m_y,-o_f,_b_y,---P_ro_f._A_. _J_. _Co_o_k_ . . _._ . . _4_1_7 __ B_l_e_a_c_h_i_n_g=--w_o_.o_l_en-=g�0_0_ds...:.:..:p�r_o_c_ess_o_f_._ . . _._ . . _._*_1_3_7-=-_B_o_ll_e_r...:p:..'la_te_bendmg rolls. vertical . . . . . . . . . *30Z EACH NUMBE R CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES M ARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS.

PRICE .10 CENTS PER N UMBER. MUHN d: CO., 861 BRO.4.D WA Y, NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE N UM BERS.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF TIlE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 365

Boller plates. exploded. Suggestions on the pro- Brakes, railway. Abstract of a paper by E. Bridge, pontoon.Berthon·s coUaps.boatfor*199 Burette for furnace gas analysis. Bunte·s. per mode of investigating. by S. N. Hartwell. Woods. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 93 Bridge, Portage. on N. Y. and Erie R.R. . . . . *4 '..360 M.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Brakes, railway. continuous. by G. Marie . * 143 Bridge, proposed. between New York and Brook- Burette, PeUet·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 Boiler plates. pitting of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Brass and bronze metal to withstand the action lyn, at BlackweU's Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *74 Burner, gas (see Gas burner). Boiler plates. steel. of the Livadia. peculiarities of sea water, recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Bridge, proposed. over the Hudson River. at Burner, gas. the Siemens and the Phare . . *2 7 1 of. by W . Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 80 Brass, green o r golden colors for. how to pro- Poughkeepsie. N. Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Burns, clinieal lecture. by Dr. R. J. Levis. Boiler plugs. fusible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 duce. by E. Pulcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Bridge, proposed. Royal Albert. at Montreal. 1 76 Boller riveting ; description of the various Brass, how to clean and lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08 General description. with lateral and end eleva- Burns and scalds. chloral hydrate in. by Dr. S. S. methods employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *296 Brass lamps. how to clean and brighten up . . 1 1 4 tions. and perspective view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 Riddell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Boiler shells. machine for drilling . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Brass, malleable. formula for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 67 Bridge, railway and road. over Sarpsfos . . . * 122 Burns and scalds. how to treat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Boiler, steam. Cooper·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Brasses and bearings\ heating and cutting in. Bridge, railway. Indus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 8 1 Burns and scalds. the alkaline treatment of, by Boiler, scale in. how to prevent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75 some of the causes of:oy Joshua Rose . . . . . . . *3 Bridge, railway. over the Atchafalaya. Louisiana. Dr. Geo. F. Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 Boiler, steam. central feed. 'l'hwaites· . . . . . ;(-2 1 5 Bread ovens. J,amoureux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'71 founding of the piers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *387 Burns, treatment of. byW. R . E. Smart . . . . . . 50 Boller, steam. exhibits of. at Centen . . *45, '*47 Bread making. the chemistry of. by Prof. Bridge, railway. Tay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 Bust, isolated. how produced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('390 Boller, �team. Moy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 12 Graham. D.Sc. Avaluablepaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Bridge, revolving. and traveling crane, at the Butter, adulteration of, with other fats. rapid Boller, steam. reversible, Vail's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 Bread making. theory of. by Mrs. G. M. Whit- Thavmont Quarries. Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 mode of detecting. by J. W. Gatehouse. . . . . . 6 Boiler, steam. solar. Mouchot's . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . *'7 aker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 70 Bridge, rolling. proposed. over the Thames *20 Butter and buttermaking. by Dr. E. L. Sturte-Boiler, steam. Shapley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·* 3 1 Bread, mesquite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Bridge, Rouchat. on Paris and Orleans R.R.*91 vant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Boiler, steam. sectional. Babcock & Wilcox . *72 Bread mould. the growth of. as seen with the Bridge, Severn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Butter, artificial, manufacture of, by Prof. Hen-Boiler, steam, vertical. Blake·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 263 Bridge, Severn. General description of . . . . . 224 ry A. Mott. Jr. Descriptions of the principal Boiler, tests. Manchester Steam Users' Asso.*74 Bread, wheat meal. as a means of diminishing Bridge, snspension. between New York and processes in use. details of latest improvements. Boiler tn be cleaner. Meyer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,)(,2 72 tu bereular disease. by M. yates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Brooklyn, progress of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 7 plan of an artificial butter factory. thc machinery Boiler tnbes. manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 36 Break_ater, floating. Greenway's . . . . . . . . *405 Bridge, snspension. Niagara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 required. chemical analyses of butter and artifi. Boiler feed. automatic. Cohnfeld's . . . . . . . . . * 192 Break_ater, the Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Bridge, suspension. Monongahela. at Pittsburg. cial butter. the cost of setting up an artificial Boiler feed. antomatic. Fromentin's . . . . . . . *244 Break_aters, improvement in. by John G. Pa . • detailed description of. by Col. S. M. Wicker- butter factory. capital required. materials and Boiler feed water heater. Strong·s . . . . . . . . *363 Brnggeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 sham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 quantities consnmed. cost of manufacture per BoiIel' feed water. Martin·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 8 Breathing, effective. influence of in delaying Bridge, suspension. rigid. of three spans. de· pound. daily prOfit. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . *49 BoUer feed water. new magnesia process . . . 1 54 the physical changes incident to the decline of sign for. by T. Claxton Fiddler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24 Butter colormg. Harmless methods of giving Boiler feed regulator, Pope's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '.!- 129 life. and in the prevention of pnenmonia. con- Bridge, swing. at Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *375 butter a " rich golden color" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Boiler feeder and condenso-feed water heater. sumption. and the diseases of women. by D. Bridge, Tay, fall of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 4 Butter making, centrifugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Fl'omentin·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 346 Wave, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 7, * 3 8 8 Bridge, Tay. details of construction . . . . . . . *21 6 Butter making. by Dr. Voelcker . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Boiler foeders. self-acting. Cohnfeld·s . . . . . * 1 39 BreedIng, scientific. A paper by J. D. Caton. on Bridg.e, Tay. novel �pplil1:nces and expedients I Butter, Shea . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1 84 Boiler for sharpie steam yacht . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 82 the scientific breeding of domesticated animals, used 1Il the constrnctlOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Buttercups, how to rid the farm of. . . . . . . . . . ;('5 Boiler, varnish. with self-regulator. Werner* 1 '7 1 especially of the horse, pointing out the improve- Bridge, Tay, official inEpection and test of . . . 1 1 8 Buttercups. double.-Lignstrnm quihoui.-Boiler furnaces for smoke prevention, by Jno. W. monts which. in recent years. have been success- Bridge, the AlbnlatE'0hs. Switzerland . . . . . *389 Raphiolepis japonica.-Rionia Imvis . . . . . . *358 Hill, C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 ively wrought by intelligent and judicious selec- Bridge,the Kinzua v iaduct. Erie R.R..the highest Butterflies, interesting facts about . . . . . . . . 291 Boilers and engines for high pressnres. Loftus tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 bridge 1Il the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *369 Butterflies, life of. by W. H. Edwllr1]S . . . . . . 3 1 4 Perkins' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(- 8 1 Bre_ers' building at the Centennial . . . . . . . * 1 6 Bridge, Throstle Nest. Manchester. Eng . . . . *69 Butterflies. pupation of. by C . V . Riler, .. *193 Boilers, cast iron. fitting-blocks for.strength;(- 5 1 Bre_ery, steam, Phrenix. New york . . . . . . . . . 60 Bridge.,. timber. fifty years old. over the Ken· Butterine manufacture. use of butter. milk. and Boil rs, elephant. Hall·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *145 Brewing appliances. Cave's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 nebec J:dver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 8 mammary tissue in, by C . M . Tidy. F.C.S . . . . 3 9 7 Boilers, cxploded. of steamer Riverdale . . . *407 Bre_ing, Anstrian. Description o f a n Austrian Bridge, Brent, Honnslow and Metropolitan Rail-

C Boilers, feed water pump for, Gauchot·s . . *407 brewcry plant. with illnstrations . . *256, *267 B

WriaYg' eL,OtnrduosnS.· d"e·s·I: · · 'f'o' r . .. ·b·y . . J . .. ·H . . . · S"n·y"d·e·r". * . . i0897 Boilers fitted with Fox's corrngated flues . *293 Bre_ing, Austrian. machinery for . . . . . . . . *265 d gu " Boilers, locomotive. fire-brick fire-boxes . . * 1 72 Bre_ing, chemistry in its application to . . . . 287 Bridge vibrations. by Charles Seymour . . . . *389 Cabbage worms. remedy against . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 :�n:�: °tft��H':t�ti'i!r�r �t:,�':;;, 1Igi1�: 'anlln� B�::::effio�e�f'��i�� . . �� .��: .G�� 1 69 :�1i:,vi��i,?;��·J>list��. �!e!y��oGen��1i �::re

afo��s��:� ��;ce 'of ·pow;;.:.'. ·. ·. : : ·. : : : : �� surance Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 Bre_ing in Rnssia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 description. with elevation, plan. and details of Cable Railways. o f San Francisco, ]3 illustra-Boilers, safety disk for. Rowan's . . . . . . _ . . . . . 'X'93 BrewIng, salic�lic acid in, results . . . . . . . . . . . 332 construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 10 tions. -*298; of Chicago. 5 i llustrations. ;('*33364, Boilers, safety-plug for. Adams· . . . . . . . . . . . ·*335 Bre_ing, dextrine maltose in . . 1 9, 22, 25, 28 Bridge, Yardleyville. Bound Brook R.R. . . . *39 7 Boilers, safety and feed apparatus for. Lethuil- Brick kiln. Foster'S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 60 Bridge, Yazoo River. for the Louisville. New Cable, wirc rope. apparatus, Bullivant's . . . -li-234 lier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('375 Brick kiln. railway. Foster's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 86 Orleans & Texas R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Cablew, ocean. progress of. in 1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Boilers set in masoury. views of Engineer Isher- Bricklaying, as practiced. in France . . . . . *208 Bridge. Weymouth Harbor. General descrip. Cabinets, magic. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *290 wood on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Bricklaying machine. Franke's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 10 tion. with perspective view. elevation. plans. and C�cao nut, its botanical or\gin. composition. and Boilers, steam. at the Centennial Exhibition.- Brick machinc. Allemand's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *243 sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 food value. by Prof. BonsslIlg·ault . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Notes on and descriptions of the various kinds Brick machine. Brownhill's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 Bridges, American. and English engineers . . 1 53 Cachou de laval. o r patent dye of Croissant & shown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 Brick machine. Durand & Marais' . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 Brid�es, causes of accidents to. method of de- Bretonniere. its mode of preparation and how Boilers, steam. Babcock & Wilcox's . . . . . . . . *3 1 Brick machines. Greggs' and Craven·s . . . . . . . *40 tectmg. by R. H. Thurston. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 8 used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Boilers, steam. clothing for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'7 Brick making machinery. Pinfold's . . . . . . . . . *67 Bridges, double row girder. on the Hamburg and Crenurus of the hare. a new source of tape-Boilers, steam. corrosion in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Brick manufactnre. hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 Harburg R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *222 worms, by Dr. Mary K. Curran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Boilers, steam. clectric chronograph for . . '* 1 73 Brick walls. appar. for cleaning. Waterman's*21 Bridges, elliptical trnss and compound truss. in CalciJneter, Scheibler's . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . * 251 Boilers, steam. Exeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 Brick wall incrustations. by W . Trautwine . . . 123 wrought iron, by W . O. Douglas . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 CalcluJll compounds. some of the indnstrial us')s Boilers, steam. for very high pressures . . . . . . 1 32 Brick_ork. A valuable paper. by J. Wood- Bridges, Iron. American. peculiarities in designs of. by Thomas Bolas. Four lectures replete with Boilers, steam. Galloway at the Centennial. *29 ley. containing many important hints on the of, and in methods of construction. as compared valuable information . . . . . 327, 328, 329, 330 Boilers, steam. gas-fired. Account of reccnt proper mode of laying brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 with European practice, by T. C. Clarke . . . . . . 32 Calcium sulphide in glandular swel,ings. by T. efforts to construct furnaces for heating boilers Brick_ork and masonry. 'by J. C. Jeiferson .. 148 Bridges in India. the Rari. Alexandra. and Curtis Smith. M.D . . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 with a s little fuel a s possible. Description o f Brick_ork under water pressure, by D . McN. Jhelum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Calendering machinery. Voith's . . . . . . . . . . *245 Mnller & Fichter's producer. Heartmann's fnr· Htauffer. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *350 Bridges, iron. new systems of . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-233 Calender rolls. how ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 74 nace. and Heaupt·s new arrangement of fire- Bricks, black. how prepared .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 Bridges, longest of the wor�d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Calendering rolls. Voit.h's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('21 0 brick arches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 19 Bricks, strength, cxperiments on . . . . . . . . . . . . . '76 Bridges, masonry. observatIOns on . . . . . . . . * 350 California, irrigation in. by J. L. Dow . . . . . . 4 1 8 Boilers, low-water alarm for. Kenyon's . . . . '*20 Bridge a t Bismark. over Missouri River. N . Bridges on the Napier & Manawatu R.R.. New California, Southern. botany of . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 BoUers, steam. mechanical firing of. by 'V. J. Pacitic R H. with particulars and three pages of Zealand. General description. with plan and Calla lily, cultnre of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 73 Pearse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 7 '7 engravings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 8 elevation. and details of constrnction . . . . . *296 Callanlsn, standing stones of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 6 Boilers, steam. priming of. by Wm. Major . . * 82 Bridge, Ashtabula, by E . H . Philbrick . . . . . . . 6 1 Bridges, railway. Altier & Cize . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('321 Calorie engine. Ericsson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '70 BoUers , steam. riveted joints. by G. Cawley.*96 Bridge and train, wreck of, by wind. on the In- Bridges, railway. Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Caloric engine, Rider·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(,49 BOilers, steam, safety apparatus for. Schwartz- diana polis and St. Louis R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 3 Bridges, railway. large span. comparative dia- Caloric engine. solar. Ericsson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 kopff'R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *357 Bridge, Blair. Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 6 grams of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*3 1 7 Caloric engine. the Sachensenberg . . . . . . . . . * 162 BoUers, steam. safety plates for. Rowan's . . *96 Bridge, Calvert St'l Baltimore . . . . *272, '*273 Bridges, railway. long span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 Calor!meter, Ericsson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 Boilers, smoke from] device for preventing.·)(-33 Bridge, canal, at B ackbnrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 109 Bridges! temporary. for use on farms. in gar- Calorimeter, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*21 8 Boilers, steam. tubu ar. vertical. improved*416 Bridge, cantIlever and mid·girder, over the dens an<l parj<:s. and in military operations. how Calorimeter, Thompson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 BOilers, steam. watcr gauge for . . . . . . . . . . . . *272 Thames, proposed . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(- 1 8 3 made . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239 Caltrops, the water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Bolling lreir for yarn and cloth . . . . . . . . . . . . . *341 Br!dge, Carl.lsle, Dublm . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . : . . . *80 . Bridg�s, theIr care and mamtenance. by Thco- Crunera, enlarging and copying. Edwards' . . . 1 3 1 Boiling points. a new and accurate method for Bridge, carrIage. over Penn. R.R. m Phlla . *67 j dore Cooper. Am. Soc. C. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 87 Camera for the microscope. cheap and simple. determining with small quantities of liquid. by Bridge, .Cha�diere, Ottawa. Des'.'riptiop. with B,rtdges, truss. metallic archcd. improvement how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*2 1 8 P . T . Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 perspectIve VIew of brIdge. map of localIty. and m. by James B. Eads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 Camera obscuras. improved. Kellett's . . . . . . . * 1 4 Bolls and carbuncles. how t o treat. by Dr. P . vertical section of river bed and shores . . . "" 2 8 3 Bright's disease. by B . A . Segur. M.D . . . . . . . 228 Camera lucida. Abbe·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *393 Earl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 Bridge, Clifton. suspension. Bristol. Eng . * 1 59 Bright's disease..t. chronic. plan of treatment re- Camera lucida. Grunow·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *380 Bolls and carbuncles, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Bridge, continuous steel-girder over the }'rith commended at J:Sellevue HOsJ.lital . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Camera lucida. Hoffman·s. improved. also de-Bolivia, explorations in. Heath's, by Rev. J. D. of Forth, design for . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 7 Bright's disease. cnre of, by jaborandi. A clin- scription of a Simple form of the camera that can Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 0 Bridge, Conway, New Haven and N. R.R .*334 ical lecture by J. M. Da Costa. M.D . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 0 be made in ten minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 8 Bolting mill. direct. portable.Aubin's syst . *236 Bridge, Derwent River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 78 Bright's disease. fuchsin in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Camera Incida for drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *420 Bones and supcrphosphates. relative values of as Bridge, design for a steel-arched. 1,600 foot span. Broca" Paul. Biog. sketch. portrait . . . . . . . *253 Camera lncida, made in ten minutes . . . . . . . . ;(' 1 5 5 fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 over the Frith of Forth. by M. Am Ende . . ;(. 22 9 BrOOd mares and foals, how to manage . . . . 127 Camera, multiplying, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 29 Boneblack, automatic appar. for washing'*254 Bridge, Erie Canal. Brief description of a 234 ft.. Bromide of copper. uses. preparation . . . . . . . 1 62 Camphor, how manufactured in Japan . . . . . 4 1 3 Boneblack revivifyingappar . • Schreiber·s. *360 span. <louble track. truss bridge. constructed Bromine and IOdine. manufacture of. from Camphor, motions of upon water and mercury. Boneblack, revivifying and washing. appara- over the Erie Canal for the N. Y. Central R.R.. kelp. by R. Galloway. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 by l'rof. N. Joly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *391 , *401 tus for. Daix's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*3<19 wit.h figures of elevation and details . . . . . . . *329 BroDllne, iodine. and nitrate of potash and Camphor, movements of on water. by P. Casa-Bone crushing mill. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 54 Bridge, farm. cheap. how to construct. Fnll dIrec- soda. from sea weed. by 'I'. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Bones, how to bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 tions with complete working drawings of a model Bromine still. new. Arvine·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 60 Camphor, sources of. and recent improvements Book binding machines, Brehmer·s . . . . . . . . *362 of an ex,,!'llentand ea.sily constructed spar: bridge Brontosaurus, restoration of. by Prof. O. C . in its purification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Book rack • .simple. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 8 for crossmg small rIVers. streams, gnllIes and Marsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*400 Canal banks. improvement in. by W . Rodney. Book stitching machine for binders . . . . . . . '* 1 1 0 roads. where it would not prove economical to Bronze and brass articles. finishing. Dietlen's *41 Books, the insect enemieE! of. their natural his- erect a. costly structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-7 1 process for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Canal boats. improvement in propelling. Bug-tory and ravages. and the methods of destroying Bridge, floating. over the River Hooghly . . . . 1 1 8 Bronze and brass. to withstand the action of sea bee·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 them .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 38, *143 Bridge, foot. a t La Villette. France . . . . . . . . *38 1 water, recipes for . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Canal, Des Moines Rapids. hydranlic machinery Book-cover, corner mount of . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60 B1'ldge. foot. over RIve!' Ness. Inver!'ess . . . ";80 Bronze, a� works m. by B. F. Vors . . . . . . . . . . 5 for operating the lock gates of. by R. R. Jones. Book-cover, design for.-Balconies in wrought Bridge, foot. Weiland RIver. Eng. ; WIth 10ngItu- Bronze, blsmnth. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 *280 iron from Venice and Milan. by Myskovszky*91 dina! sectionst...Plans. and details . . . *321 , *322 Bronze for feathers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 Canal dredger, Rennie·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 Book-cover designed by l!'ischbach . . . . . . . * 128 Bridge, foot. w oden St . • Manchester. . . . . . . *86 Bronze for plaster casts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Canal, dry. for ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Book-cover in leather mosaic. design for . ·*239 Bridge, Forth. proposed. General description. Bronze implements. early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 14 Cana], interoceanic problem A paper by Edw Boomeraug, African . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 with figures showing elevation and plan . . *354 Bronze, malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 37 P. Lnll. U.S.N . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 95 Boot cleaning machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Bridge, Garabit. over the Trneyre. France. *391 Bronze, manganese. malleable. for guns . . 3 1 Canal, Morris. and its inclined planes . . . . . . * 3 73 Borax, action o f on fermentation and pntrefac- Bridge, Girard Avenue. Philadelphia. A str,!c- Bronze, manganese. ne�. P�rsons· . . . . . . . 49 , 5 1 Canal, or railway. which ? Remarks o f Mr. Eads tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ture remarkable as the :first attempt to combme Bronze, method of castmg m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0 1 before the House Committee on Interoceanic Borax lake and snlphnr andqnicksilver deposits the American system of pin-jointed. open-work Bronze, phosrhor. and its applications. by Alex- Canal, in answer to M. De Lesseps . . . . . . . . . . . 221 of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 girders with a solid roadway of stone. Persr,ec- ander Dick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Canal, Panama. beginning work on. with portrait Borax lakes of Ca:ifornia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 tive view. figures of details. and full particu �rs. Bronzes, Chinese and Jap�nese. imitation. 28 of De Lesseps. its projector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 70 Border ornaments of marble for mosaic pave- * 1 , *2, '*3, *4 Bronzes, French. compOSItIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Canal, Panama. by Manuel Eissler. M.E. A valu-ment. Sient. cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *294 Bridge, Harl�m River. General description. Br�nzes, Japanese. analysis of. by J. T. :Mats· able and comprehensive paperhtreating of the Borders, plain and ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . *272 With perspectIVe view of the strncture . . . . *350 daIra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 history of this and previons 1st mus canal pro-Boring rods. method of drawing. by R. Allison. B1'ldge, Illinois and St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 Bronzing and brassing. electro, process of. . 1 64 jects. of the Panama Railroad. of the topography. ')('73 Bridge, railway. iron. over Saint Leger Valley. Bronzing for iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 geography. geology. and petrography of the Boring, tnrning. and grooving machine. com· };'rance. Details, and plans and elevations of Bucentaur, Venetian galley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 Isthmus. and full details of the work to be exe-bined. Atock's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 abutments. piers. girders. caissons. etc . . . . *377 Buckland, Frank. Biog. sketch. portrait . *268 cuted. Illustrated with large map showing Borings, how t.o tell the inclination of. . . . . ;(,2 1 5 Bridge, lrwell River. Manchester. England. De- Buck_heat as a profitable crop . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 locations of the principal canal prC'jects. Bot-fly, horse. history of the. by Dr. N. Joly. scription. with two full-page illustrations . . * 76 Buffalo race, a • . ;n the Philippine Islands . ·*273 347, 349, 3 50, 3 55 , *356 A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *212 Bt:1dge., Kentucky River. on the line o f the Cin- Buffet, .carved. design for. by Ph. Heussler. *67 Canal. Panama. progress o f the survey for\ with Botanieal garden. Berlin. new bnilding for the cmnatl So,:,thern R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . *66, *95 Buffet m walnut. by Mazaroz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 123 panoramic view of the canal IlS planned oy M V ictoria Regia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 Bridge, KIrchenfeld. at Berne. SWItzer . . . ·)!-4 14 Bug, carpet. by Dr. J. A. Lintner . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 De Lesseps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *305 Botany and geology of the country bordering Bridge, Lansdowne. at the Centennial . . . . . . *43 Building blocks. theZ system of . . . . . . . . . . . ;('203 Canal, Panama. progress of the work on the Colon the RiO Grande in Texas and Chihuahna. by Bridge, Llanda,as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 Building materials. improvcments in processes section. with full page map and many figures. Dr. J. S. Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 Bridge, Manawatu Gorge. New Zealand . . . . . '*97 ' of mannfacture. By J. W. Mallet . . . . . . . . . . . 2'77 *412 Botany of Sonthern California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Bridge, New York and Brooklyn. over the , East Building materials. oxidation of . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Canal, Panama. map of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *367 Botany of the Rocky Mountains. notes on ... by River at Blackwell's Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 8 Building materials, the porosity of. and ap- Canal, Panama. views on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *418 Sir J. D. Hooker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 Bridge, N. Y. and B'klyn. making cable for . *48 paratus for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(0224 Canal projects. interoceanic, a valnable paper. Bottles, how to clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Bridge, N. Y. and Brooklyn. paint for . . . . 379 Building materials : usefnl notes on limestones. by A. G. Menocal. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12 Bouquetin a t theJardindes Plantes.Paris*209 Bridge, New York and Brooklyn. Drief sum- Port.land cement. Caen stone. marbles. alabaster. Canal, ship. across Cape Cod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 1 Bour�e, John. the. mechani!,al engineer. Bio- mary of the dominant features of the structure ; and slates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 27 Canal, ship. Manchester. with bird's eye view. graphlCal sketch. WIth portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 history, mode of constructing, cost. etc . . . ;(-393 Building materials, nomenclatnre of. by J. R. and plans and elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *383 Box_ood, substitutes forl American . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Bridge, 512 ft. span. Douro River. Portugal . *90 Croes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13 Canal, ship. Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *282 Brace problem. by A. F. A exander . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Bridge, New York and Brooklyn. pay of Officers. Bundlng of the Young Men's Christian Associa- Canal, shiP. Weiland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300 Bracket piano candlestiCk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,X' 1 4 3 engineers. and workmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 tion", Philadelphia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 Canal, Snez. detailed description of the methods Brain health. a lecture by Dr. J. BattyTuke.367 Bridge, Poughkeepsie. N. Y . • progress of . . 1 1 3 Bullnlng, new. at Syracuse. N. Y . . . . . . . . . . . *98 employed in constructing. and of the apparatus Brain, motor functions of , relations that exist Bridge, new. proposed. the Thames. Lond . . . *86 Building stones, strength and fire resisting usedi by M. Helene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 343, *347 between certain regions of tne brain and the ex· Bridge, new, over the Medway. at Maidstone. qualities of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7 Cana , Snez, a general description of the great ercise of voluntary motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 0 Description. elevations. sections, etc . . . . . . . . *97 Building materials. chemistry of . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 work. with mups. plans of the entrances. plan of Brain, remarkable injury to without serious rc· Bridge, Northeastern Railway. over the River Building material. iron as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 the canal and the projected alternative canal. suits. by J. S. Beck. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Wear. Details of construction, with full.page Building materials. microscopic organisms as and a portrait of De Lesseps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Brain weights of historical characters . . . . . . . 372 illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *261 destroyers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Canal system of New York. A concise stndy of Brain work and hand work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Bridge, Ohio River, at Louisville. Ky. Descrip- Building materials. nomenclatnre of . . . . . * 1 1 3 the present state Ilnd the possible fnture of New Brake, Westinghouse's. for railway cars . . , ,'!- 122 tion. with two full-page illustrations . . . . . . . . *5 5 Bundlng materials produced in Maine . . . . . . 8 1 York canals. with historical notices of the en-Brake, car, automatic, Wilde's . . . . . . . . . . . . . ';:·408 Bridge over the Arroyo de Linares . . . . . . . . *409 Building stone. the supply of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 gineers of the past and their works, canal projec-Brake, electric. Achard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 12 Bridge over the Douro, proposed. Ten engrav- Building stones. decay of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72 tors. engineering. Original engineer corps. con-Brake, compressed air. Colladon's . . . . . . . . . * 1 77 ings showing general outlines of the respective Building stones. decay of. by A. A. Julien . .404 strnction and maintenance. watersupply. efects Brake, fan. hydranlic. improved . . . . . . . . . . . *396 designs presented to the bridge COmmission. Buildings, English law decision concerning and remedies, steam propulsion. bnsiness. trans-Brake for street cars. Phillips· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 with general particulars of each . . . . . . . . . . . *267 their right to besnpported by the adjacent soil of portation. cost. Buffalo charges. proposed im-Brake, friction. antomatic. Becker·s . . . . . . . *251 Bridge over the Orange River . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 3 another property owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 provements, by Samuel McElroy. C. E . . 291 . 292 Brake, high speed. electric. Spottiswoode's . * 5 1 Bridge over the River Sil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Buildings, masonry. methods of raising and Canal, the Atlantic and Pacific Interoceanic. by Brake, hydraulic. Barker·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 Bridge piers. construction of without coffer- moving to another location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Frederick M. Kelley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 73 Brake, Prony. electric compensator for . . . . *359 dams or caissons. by W. Sooy Smith. C.E . . . . . 20 Buildings, movable, 9 flgure8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Canal tng. steam. new. Byne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 Brake, railway. electric, Achard's . . . . . . . . . . * I I I Bridge, Plattsmouth. over the Missouri. General Buildings, new. of the MetropOlitan Artisans' Canal through the Isthmus of Corinth . . . " *425 Brake, railway. electric. Boothby's . . . . . . . . *221 description of the structnre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 and Laborers' Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Canals, hydraulic elevator for . . . . . . . . . . . . *334 Brake, railway� electro-magnetic. Wilke·s . *41 1 Bridge, Plattsmouth. over the Missonri. De- Buildings in glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 36 Canals, roads. tunnels. and bridges, by John Brake, steam. TOr locomotives. Hickey's . . *101 scription. with figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271 Bulldlngsof British Commissioner and Dele· Powler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3 Brake trials. recent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Bridge, Plattsmouth. over the Missouri River at gates at Centennial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 Canary birdsl how to care for. ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Brake, vac . • Martin and Du Tremblay's . . . ·* 359 Plattsmouth. Neb . • from plans by George 15. Buildings, nndue deterioration of . . . . . . . . . . 297 Cancer and a luvial sofl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Brake, Westinghonse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 55, *392 Morison. Eight figures showing perspective" Buoy, life. Whitby's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *294 Cancer, treatment of by hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Brakes, dynamometric, Deprez's and Carpen- vertical sections. caissons, piers. and map . *28" Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm. Biographical sketch Cancer treatment o f with caustics by Dr Edgar tier·s . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�64 I Br�dge, Po!nt. Pittsburg. Pa . . Descriptio� of. and portrait. with a review of his contributions EltingJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . : . . 2'72 Brakes, raIlway. Abstract of a paper by Sil' F. J WIth elevatIOn, plan. cross-sectIon, and detaIls of to SCIence. by H. E. Roscoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *288 Candelabra in bronze at the new Opera House. J. Bramwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 the towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Bureau, Internat .• Welghts andMeasures . *40'f Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 108 ----------------------------------------------------------------�----�--�---------------------

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. :PRICE 16 CENTS PER NUMRER. MUNN .to CO., 861 BROAD WA Y, NEW YORK. - IN OBDEBING PL EASE GIVE rHE NUMBERS.


366 A CATAJ ... OGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Candelabrum designed by J. Lefevre . . . . . . *69 Carriage painting, how can the present method Caudle mouldipg machines, .,{orane's . . . . . . *292 be improved, by W. H. Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 Canes, paper, Jiow to make . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *353 Carriage, steam, high-speed .... Bollee's . . . . . . *398 Canker worm, remedies against . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 Carriage, steaml ,for roads, .Hollee's . . . . . . . *291 Cannon, elfects of gun cotton upon . . . . . . . * 1 65 Carriage terms, Qlctionary of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Cannon, revolver, Hotchkiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4'2' Carrots, how to harvest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *206 ClI;nnon, steam en,Bine, man, and the insect con- Carryinll: trade of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 sldered as mechamcal motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Cars, colliery, wheels for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 Call nODS (see Guns). Cars, electric light for� Klabath's . . . . . . . . . . . *406 Cannon ball tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *353 Cars, freight, standaru of the New York Central Canoe, a light paddling, by Chas. E. Chase. De- and Hudson River Railway, with working draw-scription, accompanied by a full set of working ings and full specifications, showing dimensions drawings to a scale, of an easily constructed and and all particulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 cheap craft for small streams and frequent Cars, passenger, most economical le�h for . . 26 portages, capable of running safely through Cars, painting, varnishing, and cleanmg of ; the rapids in which heavier canoes would ullBet. subject as discussed by the Master Car Painters' *219 Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Canoe, cruising, Jersey Blue. A detailed de- Cars, railway, construct'n, past and present .. 203 scriptIOn, by Commodore W. P. Stephens, of a Cars, railway, costs of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 new cruising canoe, embodying several improve- Cars, railway, iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 5 '2' ments upon the established model, with a com- Cars, running gear for, Raddin's . . . . . . . . . . . *3*809 plete set of working drawings to a scale . . . * 1 64 Cars, safety device for, Root's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canoe, folding, Berthon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 1 Cars, steel, for railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 Canoes, canvas, for sailing and paddlin!!'. De- Cars, street, at Nantes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35'2' scription, accompanied by working drawmgs to Cars, street, compressed air motors for, by Gen. a scale, of two light canoes, which can be built I H. Haupt, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l '2'6, 1 '2' '2' by any careful amateur, and which, with reason� Cars, street, improved . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 able care i n constructIOn and use, will make Cars, street, steam, horse power, etc., required handsome and durable boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *216 I for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Calion, Grand, of Colorado River, by Capt. Dut- Cars, street, spring-propelled, Jones & Terflott's. ton, U.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 305 48 Cans, tin, machinery for making . . . . . . . . . . . *398 Cars, street, steam, surface-condenser for, Row-Capillarity, an interesting paper, by Geo. G. H. an's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 Stone , . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 8 Cars, taking-up b y a train i n motion, Hanrez's Capitals of PIlasters, ItalIan renaIssance . . . *249 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *256 Caps from Ste. Chapelle. Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . *230 Car-truek, 6 wheeled, freight . . . . , . . . . . . . . . *426 Capstan and "1'indlass� hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . *21 '2' Cart horse show, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 '2' '2' Capsules. " .. fer, the nllmg of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Cartometer, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *212 Car and '.ender axle, standard recommended by Cartridge shells, appar. to utilize, Morris' *2'2'6 master car builders of United States . . . . . . . *294 Cartridges, how manufactured . . . . . . *2� 1 68 �:� :�f�, j�Nril:;o��'. ��.�:� ::: . . ::::.::g � I C�:.r�� . ��: . �� .��' . . �� . . �� . � lrg Car axl!'ls,. tests of, by W. E. Chamberlain . . . * 1 1 3 I Cascara sagrado, articles on its use, by Drs. Gun-Car bUIldmg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 drum, Bundy, Bean, Fowler, Buckland, and Gal-Car coupler, Janney's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 65 loway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 Car coupling, dangers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *92 Cashmeres and silks, how to clean and how to Car couplings, Bailey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 dye with resists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Car couplings, English. Full particulars of all Casket in oak, carved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *232 the leadi!).S' types . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Casks, new, how to remove tlie unpleasant taste Car, draWIng-room, detailed cost of . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'6 from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Car, electric, Siemens-Halske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 1 Casting metalSb medallions .... vases, and other Car, electric, storage battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *383 articles i n fusi I e alloys. "" ull directions for Car, first-claSs passenger, details of cost of con- home and shop practice, with engravings show-struction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 ing how to make the moulds, how to make the Car foot-warmers, arrang'm't for heating . . * 1 '2'6 air vents, how t o prepare the elloys, and how to Car for single-rail railway, James' . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 put the final finish on the castings, by George M. Car for tramways, Muir's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '2' Car heating, French system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '2''2' Castings, COOling, Robinson's process . . . . . . . '2'2 Car load, the ordinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Castings, heavy, Durning or mending, by T. D. Car, novel, for common roads, Prosser's . . . . *238 west . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Car, railway, refrigerating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *89 Castings of insects, etc., how to make . . . . . 3 1 1 Car, railway, refrigerating, Winant's . . . . . . . . * 1 8 Castor bean, how cultivated and harvested .by Car, spring-propelled. Leveaux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4'2' Edw. Ballaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 8 6 Car, spring-propelled, Steel & Austin's . . . . . . . *46 Castor oil, a substitute for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Car springs at the Centennial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Casts and models, a new material for . . . . . . . . . 3'2' 8 Car, steam, for tramways, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36 Cat and its relations, by F. A. Lucas. An inter, Car, street, brake for, Phill�s' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :*96 esting paper, showing by means of the cat as an Car. street railway, compres d air,Mekarski's* 1 8 example how animals are classified . . . . 293, 294 Car, street, steam, Brunner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 Catalepsy and hypnotism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *295 Car truck shifter, Ramsey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 5 Catalepsy and somnambulism, hysterical, in-(Jar wheel, Atwood's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 duced, by Prof. Charcot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Car wheel boring machine, Bement & Son's . . *33 Catalpa tree, importance of for economic plant-Car wheel, genesis of a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 lng, by C. S. Sargent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 Car wheels and axles, boring and fitting . . . . . . * 1 1 Catamaran, American, in London . . . . . . . . *246 Car wheels, balancing, apparatus for . . . . . . . *1 '2'6 Catl;lmaran, or d,ouble-hulled sailb<?ats, h�w to Car wheels, breakage of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 bUIld. Full directIOns for constructIOn, dImen-Car wheels, chilled cast tron, mode of making 3 1 sions, and illustrations of three sizes, costing Car wheels, cast-iron, turned, experiments with 1 5 from about $50 to $51'0. Also, interesting deCar wheels, foreign at the Centennial • . . . . . . . . . 20· scription of Mr. Herreshotr's patent catamarans, Car wheels, how to balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368 speed �O miles per hour . . . . . . . . . . . * 105 , * 106 Car wheels, improved, Paige's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 Catamara�, or. double - huped sailboat. )Vith Car wheels, large versus small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6'2' Malay rIg, m usem San FrancISCO harbor. DIrec-Car wheels, tiring and untiring, apparatus*33'2' tions for constructing: a cheap, simple, and Carbolic acid for boils, ulcers, pOIsonous bites, handy boat, with four figUres . • . . . • . • . • • • . . * 1 1 '2' hemorrhOids, carbuncles, and tumors, by Dr. N. Catamaran, pleasure, proa Ladrona, with de-B. Kennedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 tails of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . *225 Carbolic acid, how to test the commercial value Catamaran, small sized, successful. . . . . . . . . . 1 09 of, bJl' Dr. O. Bach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Catamaran steamer, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *225, Carbolic acid, med. uses of, by P. Eade, M.D. 1 3 8 Cataract of the cye, mode of operating for.* 139 Carbon, action o f watery vapor on at dilferent Cataract o f the eye, treatment of, by B . W. temperatures, by C. G. Dahlerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Richardson, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Carbon. distribution, characteristics and com- Catarrh, a cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 blnations of, by T . A . Pooley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Catarrh, by Dr. Dudley Reynolds. A valuable Carbon, how to print in. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . • 66 clinical lecture on the character and treatment Carbon minerals, origin and relation of. An m- of the disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 terestlng and valUable review of the genesis of Catarrh, naSal, by Dr. F. H. Bosworth . . . . . . 262 (" �rbon minerals, and the modes and conditions CatastrophisDl. and its connection with evoluof their occurl'8nce, by Dr. J. S. Newberry . . 362 tion. An interesting address before the Sheffield Carbon paper, apparatus for preparing . . . . * 1 5 3 Scientific School, by Clarence King . . . . . . 80, 8 1 Carbon pictures, printing ornamental borders to, Cathedral, Carlisle . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01\' 244 by E. W. Foxlee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 1 Cathedral, Chichester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *290 Carbon, plastic, for batteries, how made . . . . 4 1 5 Cathedral, Cologne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25'2' Carbon points for electric light, by F . Carre . . 98 Cathedral, Cologne, placing the capstone of UJl-Carbon prints, development of, by Mr. Lamy. 1 14 on the finiiil of the south tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . *265 Carbon prints, fading of , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 52 Cathedral, Ely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 145 Carbon process, improved . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1 19 Cathedral, Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300 Carbon, proportion of wasted as soot . . . . . . . . 38 '2' Cathedral, Gloucester . . . . . . . . . . . . . *341 , *41 3 Carbon sulphide furnace, Labois' . . . . . . . . . . . *299 C"athedraI, Lichfield, England . . . . . . . . . . . . . *219 Carbon surfaces, colored, absorption and repul- Cathedral, Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *262 sion of the chemical rays by, by E. Lacan . , . 1 5 '2' Cathedral of Burgos, interior view of . . . . *354 Carbon, the spectrum of, by G. D. Liveing and J. Cathedral of Burgos, Spain . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . *34-1 Dewen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Cathedral, Peterborough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *285 Carbonic acid, antiseptic properties of . . . . . . 392 Cathedral, Ripon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *335 Carbonic acid in the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . *259 Cathedral, Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *321 Carbonic acid in the atmosphere, abstract of a Cathedral, St. Paul's, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '2'4 paper by E. H. Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Cathedral, Wells, England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 196 Carbonic acid in the air, by M. Dumas . . . . . . . 3 58 Cathedral, Winchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *319 Carbonic acid i n occupied rooms, dill'usion . . l '2'0 Cathetometer, and its practical applications by Carbonic acid .... liquid, in minerals, by Walter Prof. A. M. Mayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'2''2' Noel HartleYI .lr.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 Catsup under the miscroscope, by W. G. Smith. Carbonlc oxIue and oxygen, explosion of, infiu- *310 ence of aqueous vapor on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .. 8 Cattle, Aberdeen, prize at the Paris Exhlb . * 1 '2' '2' Carbons, electric light, machine for making, Cattle and live stock, diseases of, salicylic acid Ounlitfe'8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 '2' for the cure of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Carbonizing apparatus for beet root molasses Cattle, Hereford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149 residua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'2'6 Cattle, how shipped to Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Carbonizing apparatus for gas manufacture, Cattle, Long-horn, history of by J. N. Fitt . . *20 Carpenter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 144 Cattle, musk, of America, by ·Dr. G. A. Stock-Carbuncle, carbolic acid in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Carbuncles and boils, how to treat, by Dr. P. Cattle, Montbeliard breed of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 52 . Earl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 58 Cattle, prize, at the Paris Exhibition . . . . . . . * 141 . Carbuncles and boils, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Cattle, short-horn, prize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'2' Carbuncular disease, etiology of, by L . Pasteur. Cattle, Stalled. how to keep clean . . . . . . . . . . * 1 05 An exhaustive contribution to the history of Cattle, Sussex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'2'0 anthrax, one a disease which causes great de- Cattle" white early, of Great Britain . . . . . . * 1 8 '2' struction o f cattle i n all countries . . . . . . . . . *259 CaustICS for the removal of malignant growths, Card player, automaton, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 106 by Dr. Francis H. Stuart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :2'2'2 Card table inlaid with ebony and yellow and green Caustie pencils, how to make . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . 8 1 ivory, designed by Paul Faure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 Cave, ice, of Dobschau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 195 Carding engine for tow and jute . . . . . . . . . . . * 106 Cave, pictured, o f Wisconsin, by Rev. Edwin Carding engines, Klein's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'2'8 Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Carding engines, im,Proved, Bolette's . . . . . *344 Caves, exploration of, by aid of electricity.*41 6 Carding machine, Plerrard-Parfait's . . . . . . * 1 6 6 Caves, Mexican, with human remains, by Edward Carding machine, Truxler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'2'9 Palmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Cargo block, Laurence's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *253 Caves, saltpeter, i n Vtrglnia, byH. Haupt, Jr. 1 84 Cardol, irritating elfects, by Mrs. Ida R . Brig- Caves, wonderful! of Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Caves, Western, uiscoveries in, by H. C. Hovey. Carp, German, how to cultivate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 1 62 Carpenter, Dr. W. B. Biographical sketch, with Cayenne pepper, microscopic study of, by Thos. pOl-trait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . *325 Greenlsh . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *258 Carpenter's square, how to use, a valuable paper Cayley, Prof., President of British Association. by JOhn O'Connell . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . *88 , *89 Brief sketch of. with portrait . . . . . . . . , . . . . . *409 Carpentry, questions and replies in, 4'2', *55" Cedar of Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 *56, 6u Cedar, white characteristics and usesof . . . . . 345 Carpet beetle and other domestic pests, by Dr. Cedars, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 H. A . Hagen, a useful paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Ceiling fiowers in carton pierre . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 06 Carpet bul\', by Dr. J . A. Lintner . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 Ceiling of a villa bouqotr in Wiesbaden . . . * 1 1 6 Carpet desIgmng for women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Ceiling ornament, desIglled by Pallenberg.-Mar-Carpet, German, old, design of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 quetry designsiibypetrOnio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *89 Carpet loom, power, Gates' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'2'9 Celery" how to lanch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . *39'2' Carpet patterns, vetemn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 331 Cele.ttal bodies, atmosphere of, by .1. L. Landeur. Carpeting! rag, artistic, how to make . . . . . . . 322 258 Carpet seWIng machine, Hesse's , . . . . . . . . . . . *239 Celestial dynamics ' do the planets move round Carpets, Bruss.els, how manufactured. . . . . . . 39 the sun .. by James W. Hanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 Carriage and car seat, suspension, Delessert's Celestial mdicator, Mliuperin's, for finding the system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34'2' constellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 Carriage draughting, perspective, by A. Muller. Celestial objects of interest that are to be seen *26'2' with the naked eye, by W. F. Denning . . . . . . . 2 14 Carriage exhibit at the Centennia1.80, *3 3 , *3 '2' Cell doctrine, in the light of recent investigatlon� Carriage painting, by W. H. Stewart . . . . . . . . 100 by Dr. C. Heltzmann. A valuable paper . . * 8 '1

Cellars and diphtheria, by Dr. A. G. Field . . . . 3 1 CheDl.lstry as an art and as a science, by Prot . Celluloid, apparatus, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *265 J. M. OrdwaY' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 24'2' Celluloid, parkesine andxylonite . . . . . . . . . . . 22'2' Chemistry, blowpipe. contributions to, by P. Cellulose, chemical formatIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . , 23'2" Casamajor . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 , * 143 Cement and mortar, strength of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Chemistry, educatIOnal, value of, by Prof. Max-Cement, beton, and artificial stone . . . . . . . . . . . 325 well Simpson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1 5 1 Cement for fastening rubber to metal. . . . . . . . 8 Chemistry for amateurs, a description of some Cement for glass and earthenware . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 interesting chemical experiments that require Cement for Joining metal to glass, recipe forI '2'2 for their performance, simple and easily con-Cement for metals, glycerine, reCIpe for . . . . . 1 63 structed apparatus only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * �59 Cement for woolen baths, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . '2'0 Chemistry, industrial, applica. of cold In . . 254 Cement, Japanese.a natural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Chemistry, industrial, methods of analyzing Cement, machine ror testing, Michaelis' . . . * 14'2' soap, by !Jr. Albert R. Leeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'2' 4 CeDlent, manufacture of, at Folkestone . . 350 Chemistry .. industrial, progress of, by J. W. Cement, Portland� br. Mr. Watson . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Mallet. A Drief review of the most important Cement, Portlanu, Its manufacture and uses, chan�es in the industrial applications of chemis-wIth analyses of materials, comparisons with try WIthin the last few years. A valuable series other cements, etc., by Reginald E. Middleton. of papers . . 1 86, 1 88, 204, 2 14, 221 , 232, A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 23 '2', 261 , 2'2''2', 28'2' Cement, Portland, manufacture of, improv- Chemistry, microscope in, by H. C. Sorby . . 124 ments in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Chemistry of plants, by R. Warington . . . . . . l '2' 5 Cement, Portland, results of tests as to its resist- Chemistry of the barks of the oak, willow, and ance to crushing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 elm, by E. Johansen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 '2' Cement, process of manufacture in Ulster Co., Chemistry, organic, teaching, by Prof. Edward N. Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *405 J. HaUock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '2'2 Cement reservoirs, how to construct . . . . . . . *388 Chemistry, outlines of, by H. M. McIntire, M.E. CeDlent testing apparatus, double lever, Fruh- A plain ana concise accountof the various chem-ling & Michaelis' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 5 ical elements, with their atomic weights, tests, Cement testing machine, Fairbanks' . . . . . . . *424 compounds, practical uses, etc . 1 36, 1 44, 1 45, Cement to resist acids, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 ' 1 53, 1 5 8 Cements, a collection of valuable recipes for Chemistry, pure, review of the progress of 1 5 8 during the first three months of 1882 . . . . . . . . . 342 Cements, American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Chemistry vegetable, abstract of a paper by S . Cements for the teeth, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 H. Vines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . 1 29 Cements, hrdraulic and others, at the Philadel- Chess record, Scientific American. A series of phia Exliibltion, notes on, by Q. A. Gillmore papers of the greatest interest to all lovers of U.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 chess, giving selections from all the famous pro-Cements, ten�ile stre�gth, appar. to test . . *28ll blem tournaments, and fUll inform!l�ion in re-CCBlents, varIOus reCIpes for . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 gard t o them ; annotatIOns o f deCISIVe games Cemetery new, Madrid, design for . . . . . . . . . * 1 '2'6 from celebrated matches, with complete scores, Centennial Exhibition building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 etc.; and sketches and portraits of leading pro-Center of gravity, experiments on . . . . . . . . . . *23'2' blemlsts and players, and the finest examples of Central lnstitution for Technical Education, Lon- their skill. The series is illustrated with the fol-don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 8 lowing portraits : Centri1'llgal cream separator, improved . . *263 Dr. C. C. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *84 Centr11'11gal force apparatus, novel . . . . . . . *361 Samuel Lloyd . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *85 Centri1'llgal foreel experiment on . . . . . . . . , * 321 Harry Boardman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 86 Centri1'llgal !Dacnines for tM separation of Mrs. J. W. Gil�ert . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 '2' cream from mIl� notes on the effiCIency of, by W. A. Ballantme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • )1-88 A . Smetham, F.u.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Adolph Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . *89 Century plant, Queen Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 Jacob Edson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 Cephalopoda, ink-bag of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 W. Steinitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *91 Cereal foods. A microscopic examination of some Howard Staunton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *92 cereal foods which are extensively advertised, R. H. Seymour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 showing those that are genuine and those that H. S. Bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *94 are fraudulent and valueless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *328 N . Marache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 Cereal foods, by Dr. A. T. Cuzner. A paper J; G. Belden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 treating of wheat and its approximate princi- J. H. Finlinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9'2' pIes, and its manufacture into various kinds of Herr Harrwitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *390, *391 T . M . Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Cereal foods in their relation to health and dis- Dr. R. L. C. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 00 ease, by Dr. F. R. Campbell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 R. B. Wormald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *101 Cerium aniline black, preparation o f . . . . . . . . 1 82 M. J. Hazeltine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 02 Cerium oxide, preparmg, by H. Debray . . . . . 4 12 1 . Kolisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 103 ( 'erro de Pasco, Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 C . A . Gilberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 104 Ceylon and India, notes on, by Prof. Ernst L. W. Mudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 05 Haeckel. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 B. S. Walsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *106 Chain belts, improved, Bushnell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Frank Norton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 10'2' Chair, hardwood. design for .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *192 James Mason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 108 Chair, ornamental, designed by Schuh . . . . . . *92 Max Peiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09 Chairs and writing table, by Schoenthaler . . *43 W. S. Hallock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 11 0 Chairs, designs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *255 H . F . L . Meyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Chairs, Flemish renaissance, from the collection F. M. Teed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 in the Louvre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39'2' E. Delmar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 3 Chairs, ornamental1 deSigned by Ludwig . . . *83 B . R . Foster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 4 Chambers, Dr. Wil iam, sketch of his life,. with P. T. Dulfy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 393 C . H. Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 6 Chameleons, by Prof. J. Reay Grcene. An in- Francois A. D. Philidor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '2' teresting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 S,. 234 Louis C. De la Bourdonnais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 8 Chameleon, how it changes color . . . . . . . . . * 15'2' C . H . Waterbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 19 Champagne making in France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 J. Lowenthal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 120 Chancre from a dentist's instruments . . . . . . . 1 1 1 F. Healy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *121 Chandelier, corona lucis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 '2' G . H. Mackenzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 122 Charbon vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'2' John Cochrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *123 Charcoal, animal, apparatus for revivifying, J. A. Graves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 124 Schreiber's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'360 S. Rosenthal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *125 Charcoal, animal, oxidizing action of, by W. Herr Horwitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 126 Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6'2' Miss M. Rudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 12'2' Charcoal, how made, and where the city supply F. E. Brenzinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *128 comes from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 J. A . De Riviere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 129 Charcoal, manuf. in kilns , . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . *422 W. Grimshaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � H 30 Chareoal, manufacture o f i n kilns, description G. N. Cheney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 and figures o f the dilferent kinds o f kilns used Geo. Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 32 in the industry, by Prof. T. Egleston . . . . . . *41 5 Pierre C. F. De St. Amant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 33 Charcoal-'J)�atJ manufacture �f,: . . . . . . . : . * 1 3 '2' Joseph A. Potter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 134 Chasles, .MIchel, the mathematICIan. Blograph- E. S. Brewster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 5 ical sketch of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Chestnuts, how to grow frol!l seed . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Chateau, castellated, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 Chlccory, l arge-rooted, how to cultivate . . *3'2'2 Cheese mould . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'2'1 Chicken choleFR' An imJ;>ortant paper by L. Cheese presses, EnglIsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 Pasteur, showmg ho"!", chICk!'lns '!lay be J;>re-Cheeses, European . . . , . . . . . . . . . . c . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 served from death by moculatlOn WIth the VIrus Chemical action in a magnetic field, by Ira of the disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'1 Remsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Chicken cholera and other virulent diseases, by Chemical action, modern ideas of, by Prof. L. Pasteur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 D,ewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 , 146 Chicken cholera, attenuation of the virus of, by Chemical affinity, thoughts on, byC. Morris . . 34'2' L. Pasteur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Chemical analysis, method for the separation Chicken cholera. Study of the conditions of and subsequent treatment of precipitates in, by non-recidivation and of some other character-F. A. Gooch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 6 istlcs of the disease, by L. Pasteur . . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'4 Chemical apparatus, manipulation of, methods Chicken lice, how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 of grinding, boring, mserting, fastening, and re- Chicken raismg, artificial, hints on . . . . . . . . . . 414 moving glass stoppers, boring, pressing� cutting, Chiekens, hatching of, artificial. . . . . . . , . . . . . *54 and fastening cork stoppers, pouring nom bot- Children, psychological development in, by G. J. tIes, inserting tubes, preservation of corked ves- Romanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 sels, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *290 Children, young, care of. Valuable paper . . 192 Chem�c!ll combination, suspension, and solution, Chl�borazo ana Cotosaxi, �cent o� . . An inter-by WIllIam Durham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 6 estmg paper by Edwar Wh�mper. g:JVIng an ac-Chemical compounds, dissociation of, by Dr. count of his.ascent of these two lOIty volcanoes, William Wallace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 322 and contalnmgmuch geographical and ethnolog-C��::i� l

.��. �.��. �::. ?��.�8I ical information that is not generally ��7,nZ'2' 8 Chemlcaf compounds, unit weight and mode of Chimes, new mechanical system of ring'ing*282 constitution of, by Dr. Odlin� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Chimney construction, by J. M. Bancroft. A Chemleal decomposition inCIted by a cold fiuid valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1 6

��th �� .��.�. ��. ��: .�:. ��.��ti C��::liJi�:�� . �� . � . �� . ��I Chemical decomposition, methods of, as illus- Chimney sweer.ing, air-blast, Syllwaschy's*351 trated by water, by Prof. J . E . Gladstone . . . . . 3 8 Chimneys, tal , apparatus for climbing . . . . . * 10 Chemical energy and electromotive force of Chimneys, hints on building, by D, Morse . . . 1 63 dilferent gal. combinations byJ. Thomsen . . 2'2'9 Chimneys, hot water, and hot atr stoves.*21 3 ChemicaI' experiments in the lantern . . . . . . . . 425 Chimneys, the draught of, mode of calculating, Chemical experiments In dyei/lg . . . . . . . . . . . . , 2 5 '2' valuable particulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 69 Chemical generators of combustlon . . . . . . . . . 253 Chimney-piece and ornaments, Flemish re-Chemical harmony of the universe, abstract of naissance str.le . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . * 14;5 a paper by Dr. T. S. Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chlmney-p ece, desIgned by M. Segum, Pans, Chemlea} industries of Italy, present state . . 348 * 5 1 Chemical industry, new, established by Camille Chimney-piece, Italian, in marble . . . . . . . *121 Vincent, the production of methyl chloride from China and �apan, scientific progress in . . . . . . 392 beet root vinasses, by Prof. Roscoe . . . . . . . . * 1 '2'2 China clays, method of bleaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Chemical industry of Germany at the Cen- China, great wall of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *319 tennial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 China grass, cultivation and utilization o f . . . 4 1 '2' CheDllcal phenomena, infiuence of vibrations China painting, directions for practicing the art on, apparatus � study� Be�helot's . . . . . . . . *240 of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Chemleal reactIOns, blOWPIpe, by E. J Chap- Chinch-bug, devastatlOns of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Chinch-bug, its injury to agriculture . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Chemical reactions, simple methods 0 " recognl. Chinese fingcr-nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 tion for some o f the chemicals o f most frequen+ Chinese in California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 occurrence in photographic practice . . . . . , . . 348 Chloral hydrate in scalds and burns, by Dr. S. S. Chemical reagents, an enumeration of 26 valu- Riddell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 able reagents, with their mode of preparation, Chloral inebriety, by Dr. J. B. Mattison . . . . . 212 tests for their purity, ane! their uses . . . . . . . . , 296 Chloride of lime manufacture, Weldon process, Chemleal reagents, by M. W. lies i impurities 206 detected in reagents used in qualitatIve analysis, ChloY'lne, contribution to the knowledge of 229 with nature of impurity, and name of manufac- Chlorine, action of, by Edmund W. Davy . . 14'2' turer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Chlorine, decomposition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19'2' Chemlc,a1 recreations, a paper b:r A. R. Prescott, ChloroCorm, pure, tests for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 M.D. , describing some instructIve ex,Periments Chlorophyl, animills containing, researches on that lllustra� various forms of o:xldatIOn . . . � 8 3 8 bstract of a paper by P. Geddes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Chemical SCIence, an address before the British Chlorophyl, by E. Fremy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 Association by Prof. J. H. Gladstone. A valuable Chlorophyl, by R. Sachsse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 and interesting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Chlorophyl, function of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 Chemlealsl recent improvements in the manu- Chlorophyl, functions of, Pringsheim on . . . 225 facture of, DY J. W. Miillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Chlorophy!, Pringsheim's researches on, by Chemical. lJsed in the various plcture-maklng Sydney H. vines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 processes, their manufacture and their proper- Cholera germs, Dr. Koch on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 14 ties, by John L . Gihon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1 14 Cholera 1nfantum, treatment of, by Dr. W . F. �::=:f:r7!t�

c b�gro:;;�grderland 'of: : : ' : : ng cl:�1:ra'; pouifry, 'how t;;preveiii a'nd' cure: : �� Chemll,try, analytical, recent improvements in, Chrome, 9.pplication of in printing tissues . . . . 91 methods used in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Chromium in photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE P .AGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS.

PB 10E :l.0 OENTS EA OH N UMBEB. M UNN .II CO., 86 1 BBOAD W4 Y, NE W YOBK. - IN OBDEBING PLEASE GIrE XHE N UMBEBS.


A OATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 367

(Jhromo photo., new Albert·type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 31 (Jh ro nograph, Dent's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 0 (lhro nogr" ph, electric, for steam boilers . * 1 7 3 (1hronograph, falling, electric1 Bianchi's*3 1 8 Chl'onog raph, Schultz, Deprez s modifica. * 3 1 8 Ch rysalis,. experiments on the temperature of,

and its defenses against cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1l28 ChrysanthemuDl, culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • 3 8 1 Chuck, Sweetland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Chucks and methods of chucking . . . . . . . . . . *31 1 Church, Bath Abbey, England . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 Church, memorial, SL. Petersburg . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 6 (Jhurch of the Orawry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 1 Church, St. Mary's, Brighton, Eng . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Churches, country, classic design for . . . . . . * 320 Cider and apples, how to keep fresh . . . . . . . . . . 69 Cider, how to make and how to keep . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 Cigar Iighterj electric, Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 1 Cinchona p ants, htnts for raistng . . . . . . . . . . 3 42 C i nnabar, preparation of in the wet way . . . 68 Cinnamon, how culti\'ltted tn Ceylon . . . . . *403 Circle, quaarature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 2 C l re'le, quadrature o f the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 7 (Jlrculator, continuous, Bourdon's . . . . . . . . * 3 8 9 Cistern, filter, self-cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 Cistern, filtermg, Moscucci's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *146 Cistern, water, position of, valuable snggestlons

in regard to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 9 (Jistern water, analyses of Dr. Stuntz to determine

sewage and other impurities in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27'7 Cisterns, rain water, how to construct . . . . . . 1 6 0 (Jlt l e s of Europe, �reat, populations of . . . . . . . 3 96 C Urio acid, artifiCIal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Citric acid, manufacture 8f, by J. Carter Bell,

F.C.S. An important practical paper . . . . . . . . 244 Citric acid, recent improvements in the manufac-

ture of, by Robert Warrington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 (Jltrlnc ointmentjbY J. U. Llo)"d . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 City and Guilds nstitute of Technical Educa-

tion, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 9 '2' City o f London School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 3 City, manufacturing, co-operative . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6 City Hall, new, Vienna, page eng . . . . .. . . . . *41 8 Clamps, long, how to make from broken hand

screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *267 Clay, lump of, chemistry of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 1 Clay, modeling In, b y Edw. A . Spring . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 C l ay mill and engine combined, Jackson's . . . -l� 7 0 Clay pipes, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 1 C I .. ys, general characteristics of . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 3 8 3 Clays, pottery, method o f washing . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 0 Clf'opatra' s needle. removal of. t o England. *69 C!��lti��S

t��:inr:��c;.'f ��l�g Cleopatra's needle. removal of, from Egypt

to New York. Full details, accompanied with a history of this and other similar EgYJltian mon-oliths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 3 , *267

Cliches, pellicle, how t o produce and how t o obtain portrait and framework at one printing. 1 7

CIIDlate, arid of the western portion of the U.S., cause of, by capt. C. E. Dutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9

Climate cure t n nervous diseases, a lecture by William F. Hutchinson, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Clip for tentering machmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 9 Clock, a historical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '2' 6 Clock and candelabrum, style o f Louis XIV. *64 Clock, century, Hile'sd

for telling the year� montn, day. hour, an minute for a hundrea cl:�I: ciiiiD.iis: eiectric'l'!or'orillnary ciookS: : �11 Clock, hydropneumat c motor, Bourdon's . * 3 6 6 Clock i n carton pierre. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 9 Clock, lapis lazuli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1l22 Clock, marble. ornamental. designed by O. Gra-

dler) Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 36 ClOCK makers, hand turning tool for . . . . . . . . . *8 7 Clock, spherical. of the 17th century . . . . . . . *394 Clock, three wheeled. seven-day. novel . . . . . * 14 Clock tower, Scandinavian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . * 1 5 3 C��6��: .��. �� . . ��.i��,. �� b36 Clock without hands. Gillett & Bland's . . . . . . * 2 8 CI < . cks and clock work, electrical . . . . . . . . . . * 198 Cloek s, compressed all', description of the pneu-

matic clocks inaugurated in Paris • . . . . . . . . . * 2 9 3 Clocks, pneumatic. Mayrhofer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 4 C lOisonne, manufacture o f a t Peking . . . . . . 3 3 3 Cloth, center selvage in. how formed . . . , . . . * 6 0 Cloth cutter, Sanson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Cloth , fabrication of, b y the Atnos . . . . . . . . . *244 Cloth, how to make waterproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 '2' Cloth pressing machine, Gessner's . . . . . . . * 3 44 Cloth stretching machtne, improved . . . . . . . *40 1 Cloth tractngs. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Clothing, improvements i n the materials and

processes connected with, by J. W. Mallet . . 261 Clothi ng in relat'n to health. by Prof. Jaeger 2 5 8 Clothing i n its relation t o health. Prof. Jaeger's

expedient for preventtng the accumulation of fat and water in the system by the adoption of a new sort of woolen clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 6

Cloth-pres� improved hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . *426 Clouds, by .1"rof. S. A. MaXWell. An tnteresting

exposition of the nature and causes of clouds, and laws which govern their formation • . . . . . 260

Clouds, distance of. method of determining the height8 and distances of clouds by their retlection tn a low pool of water. and in a mercurial horizon. by Francis Galton, M.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3

,C�.'�:do��i�� .?�: . �.�� .�?�.� .��. ��.��*111 (JIouds, how to measure the height of. by Alex.

Ringwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 9 Clover, value of to farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 Club foot, spine ourvature. and hip joint disease.

A clinical lecture. b)" Prof. Lewis A. Sayre .. . . 122 Coach building, art, history of, by G. A. Thrupp.

An interesting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 '2', 6 8 Coach, Herdic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Coach painting, a practical paper, full of valu

able hints on the subject of painting and deco-rating coaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

C oal ashes as a fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Coal and gas. comparative values of. as fuel . 216 Coal and !!'Rs fnel grate, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . *266 Coal and Iron In Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 C ual blast and petroleum furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 Coal, bltum.\ liow it poisons the atmosphere . 3 2 6 Coal, bitummous, production of. i n the United

States, interesting data regarding . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 3 C;�6��;��:. ��' . . �� .�� .�. ��.��5� �fj Coal, combustion of, i n boiler furnaces . . . . . . 191 Coal consumed per horse-power � r hour . . . 284 Coal cutting mach., hand power.Lllienthal's* 1 63 Coal cutting machme, improved, Brown's . * 1 0 '2' Coal dust fuel. appar. to burn. Stevenson's . . *82 Coal fields, anthracite, o f Pennsylvania and their

exhaustion. An interesting statistical and critical review of the geology and tndustrial development and future prospects of our anthracite coal deposits, by P. W. Sheafer, M.E . . . . . . . . . 241

C oal fields. vastl of New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Coal, fine o r p u verized, apparatus t o wash * 2 7 3 Coal, fossil, coloring matters obtained from . . 9 5 Coal gas and air. explosive mixture of .. 243, 24 5 Ct�P��lia:.�. ��.�l. �� .��: . ��:�.��. ?�i �I C oal gas as a means of ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 1 C oal gas. heating power o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Coal gas. hydrocarbon vapors and gaseous hydro-

carbons tn, their relative Illuminating value and their quantitative determination, by G. E. Ste-venson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *261

Coal gas . new products obtained from, b y Lewis Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Coal gas. sulphureted h)"drogen and carbonic acid tn. estimation of, by L. T. Wright . . . . * 3 3 0

Coal gas, the heatiIlJl' power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Coal gas. use of for lIghting and heating. by Prof.

Armstrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 6 Coal, geology of, b y Prof. Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '2' 3 Coal getting machine. Riggs-Meiklejon . . . . * 2 3 6 Coal, mineral. chemical composition o f . . . . . . 192 Coal mtnes automatically closing ventilatinf chambers for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36 Coal mines of Trinidad, by I . T . Goodnow . . . . 412 Coal mines. remarkable. o f Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 Coal mines. working of. by electricity . . . . . . . . 402

I Coal mining at Mt. Dlabl!!\ Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1 I Compa88, beam. J ohnson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20 Copper, assay of, colorimetric method. by A. Van Coal mtning at SteubenVllle, O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 COm pB.ll8, cheap • . ho"Y' t!> make . . . . . . . . . : . . . . � � 6 0 Bibber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Coal, new residual product from . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 8 Compas8 oorrection m Iron shiPS. b y S11' William Copper ore jigger, Hancock's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 17 Coal, parallel wedge expander for mining. * 1 20 Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 Copper plate printing press, Marcilly's. *408 Coal, red ash. superior calorific qualities of . . 65 Compa8� deviations of from 1865 to 1868. by Com- Co pper plates, how to steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 70 Coal refuse. machine for oompressing into fuel, mand!'r 1£. W. Creak, R.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9.1 Copper plates, how to steel 01' harden for print-

Bilan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 0 (lu mpass, dilferential. Ile's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 5 Coal required t o puddle a ton o f iron . . . . . . . . * 7 6 COlopass needleslr

devlce for magnetizing . . 1 70 Copper, moss. b y W. M. Hutchings . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Coal seams. incliried, o f Dombrowa, Poland . . 6 8 Com pass, new, S Wm. Thomson's . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Co pper sulphate. electrolysis, b y G. Gore .. . . 3 3 9 Coal, solid. gas pressure t n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 C o m pass surveying. by Prof. F. E. Nipher . . 3 1 4 Copper smelting without fuel. Holloway fro-Coal tar artificial coloring matters derived from, Compa8s, variation of In the United States . 22 8 cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

by Prof. Adolph Wurtz. An elucidation of the Com passes for drawing ellip!le8 . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 0 5 (Jopper, the ph)"siological position of . . . . . . . . . 8 4 chemical processes for obtatnlng nitro-toluene. Compensator, signal-wire. Lyle's . . . . . . . . . *2 8 6 C opper tree of Spain and the occurrence of oop-tolnidlne aniline rosaniline, phenylamine, arti- Compressed air, by W. H. Massey. A practical per in vegetable and animal bodies . . . . . . . . . 26 ficlal madder. and other dyes, and the industrial reVIew of the principles involved in the use of Copying paper, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 processes employed for their production . . . * 6 7 compressed air as a motive power . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 3 Copying process for letters, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Coal tar. coloring matters fr0lI!t history of the Compres8ed air engtne. Beaumont's . . . . . . . . 2 3 8 C oral reefs, their nature and origin, by Archi-tndustry. by W. H. Perkins. F.,tt.S. A oompre- C o m pressed air engtne. Beaumont's . . . . . . *248 bald Geikle. LL.D;l Dire�tor General of the Gao-hensive and valuable paper . . . . . . . . . 1 86, *1 8 7 CODlpre8sed all' engines. by James Young. A logical Survey of lit B. A valuable and interest-

Coal tar colors. by Gao. Jarmain. A Valuable discussl(�m of some of the practical qu�sti(�ms in- Ing paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *427 paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 6 8 volved III connection with the applIcatIOn of Corinth, the new canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 6

Coal tar colors. how to detect by J. Spiller . . 260 compressed air as a motor for underground Cork and corks. by H. G. Glasspoole . .An interest-Coal tar. distillation of, Scotch system . . . . . * 1 72 haulage in mtnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 9 ing article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 6 Coal tar dyes. manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 3 CODlpressed air for blasting. Garforth . . . . . . 1 8 8 Cork leather. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 Coal tal', its components, and the development of CODlpressed air in mtnes. by M. G. Johnson. 1 40 Cork making machtnes. Armstrong·s . . . . . . . . * 3 4

coal tar dyesl by S. A. Sadler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 1 CODlpressed 8.lr locomotive. Beaumont's. ex- Corks, how to bore. press, �ut. and fasten . *290 Coal, the irOn Lrade as a consumer of . . . . . . . . 3 2 3 periments with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Corn, beef. milk, and sKim-milk, analyses of, Coal, the physical conditions under which it was Compressed air locomotive, Schneider's* l , * 2 . 1 49

formed. by Prof. J. S. Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 3 CODlpressed air locomotives fortramways* 3 5 7 Corn, oultivatlon of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1l'2'1 Coal, tipping and screening app., Riggs' . . . * 3 3 2 Compressed air machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 Corn culture in Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Coal, volatile constituents of, new process for C ODlpressed air motors for street cars, an ex- C orn, fertilizers for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66

separating and recovering. by T. B. Lightfoot. hausttve report upon the subject to the Pneu- C orn, Indian. as food for man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 A valuable and important paper . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 9 matic Tramway Engtne Co . • of New York, by Corn, Indian, microscopical examination of .... by

Coast warning\ submarine, Perry·s . . . . . . . . . *28 3 Gen. H. Haupt, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76, 1 7 '2' L. R. Stowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * � 3 '2' Cobalt and nlcKeh how to disttngnish in a mixed CODlpressed air receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0 Corn silk pharmaceutical preparations. by Gao.

solution, by Dr. lit Papasogli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 CODlpresslng air, a new method of. by Jos. P. W. Kennedy, Ph.G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 9 CobaJt and nickel, new method of separating. 6 8 Frizell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *92 Corn stover and hay, value of. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 70 (Jobalt and nickel, how to render malleable . . 224 Compressing machine, improved . . . . . . . . . * 394 Corn, white and yellow, relative values of for Cobalt. electroplating with. process of, by I. Compressor, aIr. Cranston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 3 feeding purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Adams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Com8tock lode, interesting account of. by A. P. Cornea, how to remove foreign bodies from. by Cobra and mongoose. by G. A. Stockwell . . . . 424 Schack. with vertical sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 C. R. Agnew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 54 Cobrlc acid orystals, the microscopi�l active CODlstock lode. by John S. Hlttell . . . . . . . . . * 2 9 Corresponding apparatus, railway. GUlI'ge-

principle of the cobra poison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 9 CODlstock mtne. heat of. br J. A. Church . . . 166 mos· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 6 Coccidre, b y Dr. H . Behr. A paper treating of C ODlDlunion cup, desiJl'n for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 92 Corrosion in steam boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04

the natural history of .. scalebugs." and showing Concentrating mill £Or ores at O'Neil mines Corrugated iron. rolling mill for making. *286 how these Insect pests should b e oombated . . 2 8 6 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 4 Corundum and its �ems. b y C . W . Jenks . . . . . 61

Cochln China. particulars about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Concrete, ada{ltatlon to building purposes . . . . 9 6 (Jorundum , its val'leties and uses . . . . . . . . . . . 3 61 Cocoa, how manufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Concrete and 11'on as a building materiaL . . . 122 C oryanthes macrantha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 7 Cocoanut fiber characteristics and uses o f . . 3 9 4 C oncrete a s a building material, discussion Corydalus oornutus.-Blister-beetles. notes on Cod, boneless. how oured an;} prepared for the Royal lnstitvtE: of Britisn Architects . . . . . 26.1 34 life history of.-Notes on the gall-making pem-

market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 0 Concrete bUlldmgs. Abstract of a paper by H. H. phiginre. by Prof. C. V. Riley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 62 Cod fishing in Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'2 Babbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 C08mogony of Laplace, a paper read before the Cod liver Oil. a homely substitute for . . . . . . . . . 226 Concrete oottaJ!'!lS. desi� for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 0 American Philosophical Society by Daniel Kirk-Codlln moth, how to destro;r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 4 C oncrete, dweillng house m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9 wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Coftee and sugar. physiolOgIcal action of . . . . 3 2 2 C oncrete fiooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 8 C osm08 fiber or vegetable wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Coft'oe, an interesting account of the plant and Concrete tloors. by A. C. Ponton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 C ottage, Sl50\ .d�sign for. by S. B. Reed . . . . * 1 3 6

its fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 01� Concrete tloors, flill.ure of. at Cambridge . . . . 1 60 Cottage, EngllSIl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 3 Coft'ee pot, design for. by Villaln . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 79 Concrete for embankments and dams . . . . . . . . 3 0 6 C ottage, gardener's, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 63 Coft'ee tree. Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 9 Concrete walls. how to build . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 SJ. 2 8 5 Cottage, Heaton, Mansard roof dwelltng . . * 3 8 4 Coft'ee Tavern, Newark-on-Trent . . . . . . . . . . . *1l94 Concrete in marine construction . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 7 C ottage in concrete, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 20 Coft'er dam. Davis Island, description of, by Conerete mixer at South Pass jetties . . . . . . . * 202 Cottage villa residences and parsonage . . . . * 4 03

Wm. Martinill C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 Concrete mIxing machtne. improved . . . . . . . * 4 0 8 Cottages, double. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 0 7

COllnac dist· ation. French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 0 Concrete tank, the largest in England . . . . . . . 2 3 5 C ottages, English. double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 8 Coheslon .. p,ature and ohemical significance of, Concrete wallS. Method of raising an old barn C ottages, gardeners'. Lambton Castle . . • . . * 3 3 6

b y J!'ried . .Mohr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 and building a ooncrete wall under it so as to Cottages, hints on constructing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Coke, anthraoite. as a steam fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4'2' give as good a stable as 1£ under a new structure, C ottage-8, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 (Joke breaker. improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 0 also method o f building the driveways . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Cotton cords. manufacture of. improvements in. Coke furnace. Seibel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 1 Concrete wa�J how to build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 5 Openshaw's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 249 Coke, where and how made. analyses of. and Concrete, wallS. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 8 C otton crop and Its possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 C ondensation, steam, data concerning . . . . 127 Cotton fiber. resistance of to hi!\,h temperat. 39'2' Coking oven, .Aitken·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Condensation, mechanical. of the liquefiable C otton fibers elfects of oardmg and drawing Cold air machtnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 matters in gases, or vapors. new apparatus fo� processes on.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 0 Cold air machine. improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 4 Pelouze & Audouin·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 'l Cotton goods. Sizing of. by W. Thompson. A Cold air machtnes, Lightfoot·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . *274 Condenser, a new laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 6 valuable technical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0 Cold, artificial. applications of in tndustrial chem- Condenser, asplrato. Koertlng·s . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 6 (Jotton-harve8ter8 ; with several engravings

istry, by J. W. Slater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 4 Condenser discharger. Sabtne's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 1 showing the construction and operation o f a C old, bad, and sore throat. how to cure . . . . . . . . '2'5 Condenser for hot vapors, Dahlgren's . . . . . *40 number of the latest machtnes. A valuable paP

ler

9.

Cold, oatching. by Dr. Carl Seiler. A valuable C ondenser for engtnes. Honigman·s . . . . . . . * 4 2 6 * 3 . paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7 Condenser for woolen yarns. Bolette's . . . . *23 3 Cotton industry of India. notes on, by an Indian

Cold cream\how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 6 Conden8er, improved, Rice's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 5 mill manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Cold in the nead, qniok cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 C ondenser, musical .... Varley·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 Cotton manufacture. American, future of. The Cold, production of. Call1etet's experiments . 370 Conden8er, steam, .1"reston·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 possibilities of Southern water power by H N Cold, production of in ice machtnes, by Tessie du Conden8er, superneater. and receiver for steam Meigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . 2 5 8

Motity and A . I . RossL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 8 and air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 8 Cotton mill, electric stop motion i n . . . . . . . . . . 299 Cold weather cure. by Dr. F. D. Carpenter . . . 4 0 8 Condenser, surface. for street cars, Rowan's*S 1 C otton mill, the great Boott at Lowell . . . . *221 Colds, oure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 C ondensers, speaking. Dunand·s . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 0 Cottun mills. American, a s viewed b y a n English-C o l l ege, agricultural. Iows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *189 C onden8o-purlfter for gas. Chevalet·s . . . *S63 \ man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 College, science. Sir ;rosiah Mason's . . . . . : .. * 2 6 6 (JondltlonJng apparatus for wool . . . . . . . . . * S 2 7 Cotton mule. self-acting, Lees· . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 College, Yale, and Amer. paleontology . . . . . 212 Conduct, evolutIOn of\ by John Fiske . . . . . . . 4 1 1 C otton opener. improve'1, Buckl!'y's . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 Collier, self-trimming, by W. Denton . . . . . . * '2' 3 ConductOR, electricw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Cotton, origin of, by A. ve Candolle . . . . . . . . . 3 9 6 Collisions! prevention of at sea. Nickoll·ssys . . 63 Confectionery at home. A paper by Catherine Cotton paoktng. unprovements in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 C ollograpny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 6 Owen, givi� directions for making various (J o tton pickers. supporter for, Lynch's . . . . . . * 1 6 Collodio - broDlide emulsion process. by A. kinds of fine Frenoh" candies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 9 Cotton pickers. mechanical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 9

Mathison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I S I Confectionery, elastic mass for. recipe . . . . . 3 9 2 Cotton seed as manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'0 Collodio-broDlide process . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 1 9 Confectionery, non-poisonous colors for . . . 239 (Jotton seed 011 cake as a fertilizer and food by Collodlo-chlorlde paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 Congrea8, the library of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 4 Prof. W. L. Dudley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 (Jollodio-chlorlde paper. E. Liessgang . . . . 414 C onifers, interesting information about . . . . . 327 Cotton seed 011 manufacture, its history and (Jollodlo-chlorlde process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 ConIIne and oompounds, by Dr. J. Schorm . . 3 1 1 progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 9 (Jollodion, new, BoiVin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 (Jonnecting rods . locomotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 Cotton stretcher� Im:{lroved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 7 3 Collodion, rapId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 (Jonophallus titanum. the largest fiower i n the Cotton wood ana whIte wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'4 CollOdion, rapid, anti-photogenio colors. b y E. worlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 67 Cotton worm. possible food plants for . . . . . . . 3 3 3

Stebblng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 Conservatories, designs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 9 C o ugh, why and how w e d o s o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 Collodion transfers, enlarged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Consl'.rvatory, small. design for . . . . . . . . . . *224 C ounlell', dynamometric. Megy's . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 9 Collodion transfers, how t o strip . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 C onsoles I n Istrian limestone from Venice . * 3 9 3 Counter skiving and welt machine1 Tripp's . . . * '2' Collodionlzed tiBl!ue. ho,,: to make . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 C onstruction, French. p�culiarities of . . . . . . 1 4 Count�rmand. a.nd protections n the manu-(Jollotype process m practIce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Construction, mathematICS of ; theory of trans- faotul'lng indtlt!tnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Collotype8 on zino plates, b;r J. Husnik . . . . . 1 68 verse strains. oy R. G. Hatfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Countersinks, reproducing. cutting, and ad-Colognes for sick-room. reClpes for . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 Con.uDlptlon, a paper RY Prof. Tyndall. de- justing. mach!J:i.e for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 2 Color, abstract o f lecture b y Lord Rayleigh . . 1 3 4 scribing the results of Koch's investigations, Country house a t Battle. Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 4 Color and color changes, b y Isidor Willz . . . . . . . . 5 8 . 3 3 8 Country house at Godden Green. Kent . . . . * 3 5 1 Color blindness, Prof. Pole o� . . . , . . . . . . . . . . *204 Con8uDlptlon, crude J!Ctroleum in . . . . . . . .. . . 2�2 C ountry house. costing $1,750 to $2,000. design Color comparawr for quantItatIVe analyses� by Con8UDlptlon .. contagIOn of. by James T. WhIt- and plans for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 9

Prof. A. R. Leeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * .l 34 taker� M.D. An tnteresting discussion of the C ountry residence. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 1 Color, CUriosities of, b Y' Henry J. Slack . . . . . 340 specinclty of the tuberculous virus . . . . . . . . . . 243 Coupling, sieeve. expansion. Goubet's . . . . * 2 8 0 C o l "I' designs o n paper for fabrics . . . . . . . . . . *331 (Jon8uDlptlon, galloping. ourability of ; Dr. An- Coupling, sieeve. Goubet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *279 Color barmony, b y G . H . Morton, J r . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 derson's treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2''2' Coupling, sleeve, Verity's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 '2' Color, modern theories o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Con8uDlption, I s i t a oontagious disease. and Coupllng8, fiexible. for screw shafts . . . . . . * 2 4 5 Color, the sense of. theories regarding a gradual what can be done to prevent its ravages, by Dr. Couplings, Rhafting and hangers . . . . . . . . . * 2 0 5

develollment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 B. Cogshall. A brief and condensed summary o f Court House and Post Office. Peoria, Ill . . . . * 4 1 1 Colorado River. Grand Canon of. by Capt. C. E. the 1I!0st important testimo¥y be,aring on th.e Cow, good, outward marks (If, by J. C. Morris.

Dutton ... U.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 6 question as to whether there 1S, or 1S not. a SpeCl- 1 3 6 Colorea fires without sulphur. reclpes for . . . 121 fic contagium of tubercle : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 '2' Cow, how long to milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 (Jolorlng matter derived from a n impurity i n Con8uDlptlon,}ts causation and treatment. by Cow, Jersey, a wonderful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

commercial acetic acids, by G. Witz . . . . . . . . 2'2'6 Chas. G. Polk, .M.D . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . : . . 203 Cow milking apparatus. by W. Blurton . . . . *14'2' Coloring matter .. vegetable, new. by Sam. P. Con8uDlptlon, pulmon y. mullemleaves m . 3 8 1 Cow, Short-horn. Juno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 8

Sadtler and Wm. L. Rowland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 ConsuDlptlon, pulmon'y. mullein lcaves in 4 1 5 Cows, abortion in. by Prof. L. Frank . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 Coloring matters, new, from benztne . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 Con8uDlptlon, the cure of. by J. H. Salisbury, Cows, Guernsey. characteristics of . . . . . . . . * 3 6 0 Coloring o f lantern transparencies . . . . . . . . 423 M.D. A valuaole and important paper . . . . . . 1 9 8 Cow,", milch, vruue of roots for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Colors, and their elfects on human system . . . . 22 ContluDlptlon, the phYSIOgnomy of . . . . . . . . . 330 Cra dle for :{lroposed Panama ship railway. * 1 96 Colors, classification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 0 Con8umptlon, -tuberc. infectiveness of . . . . 349 Cramp, Wl'lter's, and allied atIections. their path-Colors from coal tar, by George Jarmatn . . . . . 68 Consumptives, open air oure for. by H. B. ology and treatment. by Geo. M. Beard. M.D. A Colors of gems. blue, green. and purple. cause of, White, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7'2'

by Lt.-Col. W. A. Ross . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . 3 6 1 Con8tlpat�on and Its elfects, by E. S. F. ArnoldJ Cranberry culture, by J. Ifdward Wing . . . , . . 1 4 3 Colors, popular science of. WIth speCIal reference M . D. An Important contributIOn . . . . . . . . . . . 28"., Cranberrie8, how t o oultlvate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3111

to the mixing harmony, discord, as well as the Constipation, its successful cure by oascara Cranberries in the garden. how to raise . . . . 222 gradual and SimUltaneous contrasting of colors. sagrado, by F. Gundrum. M.D. Also articles on C ranberrle8, practical directions for the cul-oy Johannes Hirrlenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7 the same remedy by Drs. J. H. Bundy. W. J. Bean. ture; harvesting. cleaning, and drying of . . . . 101

Colors" theory of. Goethe's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 4 S. W . Fowler. W. O. Buckland. and C. M. Gallo- Crane, hydraulic, 100-ton. Armstrong's . . . . . *20 ColuDl ola, British, its olimate, resources. and way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 Crane, 10comotive}, Black. Hawthorn & Co. 's * 6 4

Wople . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '2' '2' Constipation viewed a s a disease p er BIJ, and a s Crane, travelingt r:mmpson, Moore & Co.'s . . * 6 3 ColuDlbu8, Christopher, monument to at Barca- a n exciting cause of disease. b y Robert Bell. Crane, portable, lor piling ull casks . . . . . . . . *334

lona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 M.D. A vruuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Crane, railwa)". locomotive, Dubs' . . . . . . . . . . *84 ColuDln, the. considered i n its historical devel- Conta deus dlsease� glandular, origtn of. by Crane, steam, locomotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *244

opmenUi and changes. Abstract o f a paper by Benj. "W. Riohardson, M.D. .An, important pawl'. (Jrane, steaIl!, portable, Brown Bros.' . . . . . . . . * 6 9 T: R . Smith� F.R.I.B.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 9 9, 1 00 Crane, travelmg. portable. Russian . . . . . . . . . . *42

Co�b founaation. hints on the use of. by S. D. (JontagiuDl, llvin(!'. recent researches into the Crane, traveling, L'i-ton. lmproved . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 2 RIegel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 theory of. and tb.mr application to the preven- Crane, 1oo-ton. of Creusot works . . . . . . . . . . . * 129

Com bing machine. Heilmann. Improved . . *246 tion of certalndlseases in animals. by Dr. J. L. W. Crank, broken. repaired with wire rope • . . *28 '2' Com bing machines, Imbs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'2''2' Thudicum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 3 Crank shaft. dead oenters in, device for suppresi!-Combing machines, Pierrard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 C ontroller, electric. for tralns\ Brunot's . . *3 1 6 ing .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 9 Combs, gills, and hackles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 7 C onvalescent home, a n Engllsn . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 71J Crank shaft of S.S. Colima. repaired at sea . . * 3 1 Combustion, generators of. chemical . . . . . . . 2 5 3 Convul81on8 and paralysis as elfects o f organic Crank shaft of the U . S . steamer Trenton . . . *2'2' Com bustion, products of. b y Thos. Wills, F.C.S. disease of the brwn by . C. E. Brown-Sequard. Crank8, how to place · upon a shaft at right

A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39,1 40 M.D. A series of eight valuable lectures . . . 101" angles, by Joshua Rose. A valuable paper. *23 Comet, Faye's. b y J. R . Hind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 l Oll, 1 0 1h. 1 0� 1 09, 1 12.t .1 1 9 , 121 Cream o f tartar. notes on, b y A . H. Allen . . . 23'2' CODlet, great southern o f 1880. b y Daniel Kir1\:- Cooke, Sir Wllliam .lfothergill. .HIographical CreaDl separator. centrifugal, Laval's . . . . . * 2 6 3

wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 sketcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 CreaDl tartar. new method of manufacture, by J. CODlet8, abstract of a lecture on. by Dr. Wm. Cookery, scientific basis Oft by Prof. Mattieu W. Haas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

Huggins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Williams. An tnteresting ana villuable paper. CreDlatlon in Italy, descriptions of the crema-CODlets, by Richard A. Proctor. A valuable and 426, 427 tories recently established in Milan, by A. B.

tnteresting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 0, * 3 3 1 Cooklng by hot water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Archbald . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Comets, facts and fancies ooncerning, by Prof. C ooling appliances. Boyle's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : * 3 9 8 CreDlatory furnaces. Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 264

E. L. Llirkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 3 CC)palba tree of Brazil, and how the balsam is Creo8ote, Its tests and action. by M. Hager.-CODlet8, relation of meteorites to, by Prof. H. A. extracted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Therapeutica.l value. chemical tests of . . . . . . 368

Newton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '2'2, 1 '2' 3 Copper, action o f oertain fatty oils upon . . . . 1 0 6 Crevaux, D r . • South American explorer. Sket.ch Comets, tails of, formation. by M. Faye . . . . . 8 1 3 Copper alloys among the ancients. A valuable of his travels, with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 64 CODlDlerce, �an, United States. tn United pa�r by Prof. 1jl. Reyer. full of useful and inter- Cricket pavilIOn. O.xford Unive�iy . . . . . . . * 297

States built ships, b Y' W . H. Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'2 estmg informatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Cr088 raIsing machme, cloth . . , . .. . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 CODlombo8, rutns of the temple of. Egypt. *209 Copper and its alloys. determtnation of . . . . . . 1 4 7 Cros8heads for locomotives. Borsig's . . . . . . . '* 82 Compass, alarm, electrical, Severn's . . . . . . * 1 95 Copper and lead. action of sea water upon . . . . 79 Croton chloral in whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. PBIOE :l.O OENTS PER. NUMBEB • • UNN .. 00 •• BfU BBOADWA r. NEW rOBK,'- IN' OBDEBING PLEASE GIYE XHE NT7lir'BEBS.


368 A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Croup and diphtheria, the distinctions between, by Dr. W. H. Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0

Crow� American, habits of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 5 Crucible, furnace, repair of, while in blast . . . 3 4 Crucibles, platinum, how to mend . . . . . . . . . . 1 42 Crush ,ng mill for malt, etc., improved . . . . *402 Crustacean, gigantic deep-sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 Crustaceans, hermaphroditism in . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 3 Cryolite and its uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Crystal Palace, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 3 Crystallization table, b y Messrs. Finot & Ber-

trand, showing the point at which the evaporation of certain solutions is to be interrupted to procure a good crop of crystals on cooling . . 3 0 3

Crystals. A clear and concise essay 011 crystallo-graph� for the use of students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6

CrystaIs, angles of, measurement of, with the goniometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0

Crystals, drying macbine for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 7 Crystal.s, miCroscopic, photography of for lan-

tern slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 C��iA�I�lr��: �� . �� . . ��d�.�� . �� .�o�mt 30' Crystals, study of, by J. H. Collins, F.C.S . * 1 2 6 Cuba, trade relations of, with the United States,

and present condition, by G. W. Roosevelt . . . 2 9 6 C ultivator, steam, Garrett's, for beet root cul-

ture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 4 C ulture under glass made easy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Cunard fleet, history of the organization of. 3 C urare and other cures for hydrophobia . . . . . 2 3 0 C urator's lodge, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge,

England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 9 6 Currant worm, black auts a s a protection . . . . 3 1 6 Currant worms, how to get rid of . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Currants for profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Current measurer, Deprez's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 6 5 Currents, induced, some luminous effects of. An

account of some exppriments by Mr. Conlon on the movements of electricity in highly rarefied gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 8

Currents produced b y friction between conducting substances, and on a new form of telephone receiver, by James Blyth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Cursollleter, apparatus for measuring the speed of rail way trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 2

Curves, instrument for tracing . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 4 5 Cushions, air, doc.k, Clark & Stanfield . . . . -l(- 8 4 Cushions, horsehair, how t o stuff . . . . . . . . . -x, 2 9 1 Cut off, steam, Sickles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 C u tting tools for lathes and planers, b y Joshua

Rose. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 CuttIngs, theory of the growth of. Abstract of a

paper by Charles Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 1 Cyanotype process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Cyclograph, Worthington's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 5 Cyclone, Western, a remarkable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 4 Cylinders of soft iron, magnetism of, influence

of form on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 CylindroId ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 8 CypripedIulll niveum and C. concolor . . . . * 3 7 7 Cyprus, soil, climate, and natural products. * 1 46

D

Dextrine, uses of in photography . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Distillation, destructive, by Owen Merriman. Drawlngs, pseudo-perspectiv� for illustratiIl8 Diabetes mellitus, by J. H. Salisbury. A valu- An explanation of some of the reactions that mechanical objects, by Robert tlriggs . . . . . . . * 1 5

able paper, pointing out drinks and food that are involved in the distillation of coal . . . . . . . 3 0 6 Dredge, " Ingurgitator," Dennison's . . . . . . . . *94 must be used, exercise that must be taken, Distlliation, fractional, under pressure, new Dredger for canals, Rennie's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 3 clothing that must be worn, and remedies that apparatus for, b y E. J. Bevan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 0 Dredger, improved, Bruce & Batho's . . . . . . * 2 8 Q must b e used to eure this disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 7 Di�tinat l on, gas, Farcot's furnace for . . . -l(-226 Dredger, one-ton bucket, improved . . . . . . . * 3 5 8

Dtabetes mellitus, treatment of, with salicylate Distillation o f essential oils, Heywood & Dredger, single-bucket dipper, Rennie's . . . *299 of soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Barron's apparatus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-292 Dredger, steam, Hopper's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69

Diabetes, points eonnected with, by F. W. Pavy, Distillation of salt water, apparatus for, Dredger, steam, twm-screw, new . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 3 M . D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 42 Normandy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 9 Dredger, tug, and fire enl!'ine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 209

Diabetes, skimlI).ed milk i� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 Distillation of shale and other minerals, re- Dredger, tug and fire engine, Batho's . . . . . -l(-204 Dial, self-recordmg, for mmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 torts for, Bennie's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 7 Dredging and mining machine, hydraulic, New-Dialysis, continuous, Lebaigue's . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 8 Distillation, Savelle's system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 00 Dialllond, action of in ruling lines on glass, as Distillation, solar, of salt water, apparat*405 Dredging. Bazin system of, by A. A. Lang�.t2

· 4 shown by the microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 2 DistiHatory apparatus, Remington's . . . . . * 1 1 0 ;j

Dialllond, artificial production of, by N. S. Distilleries, tar, how to extinguish fires in, Dredging machinery, Lake Fucino, Italy . . * 8 Maskelyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 I by Watson Smith, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Dredging or excavating mach., Kinipple's.* 1 00

Dialllond field of South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 1 Distilling apparatus for ammoniacal liquor, Dress! Rational, Exhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 3 Dianlond fields o f Griqualand, South Africa, b y Feldmann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 6 Dress ng machine, millstone, Dupety's . . . . . * 1 8 2

.T. B. Cnrrey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 Distllling apparatus for beet root molasses Drier, steam, Bachmann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 363 Dialllond, how formed, by A. B. Griffiths . . 3 5 4 residua . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 6 Drier, tobacco, Chapin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 Dialllond, origin, artificial production and nses Distilling apparatus for sea water . . . . . . , . . *234 Drill, Diamond, the Pennsylvania Drill Co. 'S o * 32

of, by Henry A. Mott, Jr., Ph.D. An interesting Distilling apparatus, Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 Drill, radial, boiler plate, Beesley's . . . . . . . . . * 3 24 paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Distilling apparatus, locomotive, Joya . . . -l(- 3 1 6 Dr!ll, rock, Barlo� & Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ';;- 49

Dialllonds and other precious stones, whence Distilling apparatus, Solvay's, for the con- Dr .. l, rock, Burleigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *48 derived, comparative values, and other interest- centration of gas liquor from gas works, by Dr. Drill, rock, Kainotoman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('2 3 i n g information concerning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04 G. T. Gerlach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 7 Drill, rock, Sachs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 263

Dialllonds, artificial production of, by Mr. Jas. Distilling apparatus, stationary and portable, Drilli Yertical, by F. G. Woodward . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 3 Mactear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 6 Egrot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 3 Drill n g and slOtting machine, Lowery's . . . . * 1 6

Dianellloscope, Stanek's, for analyzing the Divers, electric signal for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 3 Drilling machine, boiler, Bowker's . . . . . . . . * 2 5 8 complicated motions o f a double slide-valve Divi ding engines, and the methods o f mak- Drllling machinefor boiler-shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 6 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 4 ing accurate linear scales, b y A . M . Mayer . . . * 8 0 Drilling machine, portable, for rivet holes,

Diaphraglll, disel!Ses or .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1 Diving apparatus, an improvised . . . . . . . . . : * 1 2 3 Borland's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *407 Diarrhrea, carbolic aCid m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Diving apparatus, Fleuss, by B. W. RlChard- Drilling machine, radial, Asquith's . . . . . . . . . . * 8 5 Dlarrhrea, causes and treatment of . . . . . . . . . 1 9 7 son, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Drilling machine, radial, Warren's . . . . . . . . * 3 99 Diarrhrea in children, a simple treatment . . . 15 5 Divin� armor and appliances for working in Drilling machinery, rock, by J. Darlington-l(- 1 03 Diarrhrea, oxide of ZIllC for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 irrespirable gase�, by W. A . . Gorman . . . . . . . * 3 4 1 Drilling machines, Bement & Son's . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 7 Diatollls, structure of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 Diving bell used m constructmg Pola dock. * 1 9 7 Drills and drilling, instructions about . . . . . . * 3 1 1 Dictionary of terms used in the manufacture of Diving dress, Fleuss, new, by means of which a Drills, rock, submarine, by E. M oor"! . . . . . . . * 5 6

carriages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 6 diver i s enabled t o remain under water for Drinkin�-water, b y Dr. N . B . Slzer . . . . . 3 4 6 Dielectric machine, new, Le Dantec's . . . *245 several hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 0 Drinking-water, how to test the quality of. 1 4 7 Diet, errors in, b y Dr. Wilson. A valuable paper. DiVision, new rule for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 Drinking-water, organic matter i n . . . . . . . 1 1 4

94 Dobby machine, Ainsworth's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 5 Drinks . .. stimulating, a paper descriptive of Dietheroscope, Lurim's, an instrument for Dock, Avonmouth, Bristol, Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X, 7 1 many different kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 6

measuring variations in the refractive condition Dock, deposi�in!l', new, a t Barrow, �ngland. Drive-well i n England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 0 7 o f the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 General descriptIOn, With plans, elevahons, and Drive-wells for large water supplieB, b y Robert

Differential wheels, new form of, by Prof. C. W. sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . *295 Sutcliff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 1 0 MacCord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 4 Dock, fioating and depositing, Nicolaieff, for Driven well system, Brooklyn . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 4 1 9

Diflilsion, continuous, apparatus for . . . . . * 2 5 8 raising vessels out of water and depositing Driving band, Scandinavian. Description of a Diflilsion, continuous, apparatus for, I,argil- them high and dry on fixed stages of open pile- new form of machine belting of Swedish

Uere's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 4 work, b y L . Clark, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 2 5 origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9 Digestion and dyspepsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 Dock, floating, a t St. Nazaire, France. Full Drop-1Ight, Taylor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,\ 8 6 DIgestion and the use o f artificial digestive description, illustrated with figures showing Drop-shutter, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X, 1 7 1

agents. A paper by Dr. J. M. Fothergill explain- plans, sections, and details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 3 7 6 Dropsl forms ' of as studied by means of, an inii the process of di!),estion and the rationale and Dock, floating pontoon, Turnbull's . . . . . . . . -l(- 2 7 5 electrIC spark, by A. M. Worthmgton . . . . . . . * 8 6 utility of artificial digestive agents, and what is Dock, floating, Lauria's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Drowned, resuscitation of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 aimed at in resorting to them. Illustrated with Dock, graving, new, at Port Lyttleton, New Drowned, treatment of. A series of valuable a diagram of the digestive tract . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 4 Zealand ; with description of harbor improye- directions, showing how to restore to conscious-

Digging machine, steam, Darby's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 4 ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . · · * 3 8 7 ness persons that have bcen drowned, those that Digging machine, steam, Knight's . . . . . . . . . . *29 Dock, Royal Albert. General description of the have been suffocated by smoke or poisonous Dingy, du/?lex, Berthon, a form of dingy that work, w!th lI).ap and se�tion�l plans . . . . . . . *24 1 gases, and those in whom breathing has been

can be carrIed by torpedo launches . . . . . . . . . *240 Dock, VICtoria, extensIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 4, 4 6 temporarily suspended through hanging or the Dinosaurs of the Rocky Mountains . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 4 Dock, Victoria, extension of . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . * 1 2 3 effects o f chloroform, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(. 20 1 D!os�orea �etusa . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 8 Dockage, new, New York. Particulars of con- Drugs, adulteration of in America, by Fred. DIP CirClet Simple, Goolden s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 1 structlOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 2 3 Stearns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 0

Daguerreotypes, how t o clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Dipheny , ready method o f preparing . . . * 1 8 7 Dockage system, tubular floating, Clark & Stan- Drugs, adulteration o f i n England . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 Dairy cottage, deslgn for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 Diptera as spreaders o f disease. A paper b y J . field's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 Dry-dock and dockage system, Clark and Stan-Dairy progress, American, some statistics of. 1 5 7 W. Slater suggestint!' the probability of all in- I Docks, air-cushions for, Clark & Stanfield's. * 84 field's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 42 Daisy, ox eye, how to exterminate . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 fectious diseases bemg at times propagated by I Docks, dry, new, at Erie Basin, Brooklyn . . . . 3 1 4 Dry plate photography, patience in. . . . . . . . 1 2 4 Dalll across the Ottawa river, and canal a t Cari- flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 303 Docks, new, at Mil�ord . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 22 Dry plate, proc�ss, Andrwux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1

Hon, w:ith general, sectional, and plan views, and Dipht�eriaand cel1ars, by Dr. A. G. F!eld. T?po- I Du cks, new, port of Dunkirk . . . . . -x- 2 62 Dry plates, rapid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 statistICS of Work, by Andrew Bell . . . . . . . . * 3 8 4 graphiCal opseryatJ?ns .of t�enty: Impa':i:Ially I Dog, poodle, Ge�an corded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 24 6 I Drying apparatus for pasteboard . . . ; . . . . . . -:< 3 1 4

Dalll, coffer, Dayis Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 7 selected residence sites m WhiCh diphtheria 0<'- Dog show at Berlm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 4 Drying apparatus for wool, Bolette s. . . . * 1 6 1 Dalll, Davis Island, Pittsburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 5 curred during the summer o f 1875, and deduc- I Dogs. Eleven figures of prize animals at the Drying apparatns for wool, Lohren's . . . . . . . -x 207 Dalll, Gileppe River, general description, with tions therefrom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I Belgium International Dog Show . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 0 Drying apparatus, hot air, Rcdfern's . . . . . . . . -x· 64

perspective view of the dam and reservoir, plan Diphtheria and croup, the distinctions between, Dogs, rabies in, its orig'in !1nd symptoms . . . . . 1 1 4 Drying apparatus, Levieel's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 5 view, and section o f masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-403 by Dr. W. H. Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 DOlllestic ammals, gestatIOn of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Drying box for photogelatine plates . . . . . . . * 1 8 7

Dalll, movable, new system of, with swinging Diphtheria and its treatment, by Dr. C. E. 1lil- Don Cossack, the race horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X, 2 7 3 Drying cupboard, Cowan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 292 wickets and trestles, Lyons, France . . . . . . . * 2 6 4 lington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 Donkey cart, desil;(n for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *268 Drying machine for crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 7

Dalllascened ornaments from a shield . . . . * 1 2 0 Diphtheria, by W. N. Thursfield, M.D . . . . . . 1 5 0 Door panels for Iron stoves, carved patterns Drying stove for printed sheets, Renault's . -X, 304 Dalllping machine for textiles, Fromm's . . * 3 3 1 Diphtheria, Brooklyn treatment of, by Paul K. for, by Ihne & Stegmuller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 3 Dry-ro � in wood, Schwartze's preservative Dallls, movable, of various systems . . . . . . . . . . 79 Kretzschmar, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 Doors, water-tight, for ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1 against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 DanUbe River, straightening the course of . * 2 0 Diphtheria, cause of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Doorway, ornamental, by MyskOyszky . . . . . *59 Duckbill, Australian, by G. A. Stockwell . . . 3 9 8 Dark room windows, flexible tissue for . . . . . . 3 7 2 Diphtheria, cause of, in the family of S. Crump, Doorway top in iron 16th century work . . -l(' 2 4 7 Ducks, eider, at the Berlin Fisheries ExhiJ;l

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, Darwin and Darwinism, Prof. Haeckel on . . . 3 5 8 Esq., MontClair, N. J., by Dr. J. W. Pinkham, Door-yards, how. to keep green . . . , - . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 1 Darwln, Charles, his life, with portrait . . . . . -x- 3 3 7 2 7 0 Dore , Gustave, blOg., With portrait . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 7 5 Dugong, tbe, of Queensland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 426 Darwin, g'ossip about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 D iphtheria caused by bad sewerag·e. Abstract Dottinl!: machine for tulles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 0 3 Dn Motay, Cyprien M. Tessie. A critical review David Sassoon building, Bombay . . . . . . . . . . ,� 300 of a papcr by Dr. W. Scrively . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . * 1 4 2 Dovetail, and doyetail tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 5 of his life and scientific labors, by A. J. Rossi . 266 Davy, Sir Humphry. Biographical sketch . . . 1 69 Diphtheria caused by milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0 DovetaIling and mould'g- ma('h . . Anderson* 3 4 7 Dnlllping, hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 Dead animals, utilization of as fertilizers . . . . . 8 3 Diphtheria, clinical study of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Drain pipes, back pressure in. . . . . . . . -l(- 425 Dunkirk� France, port of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,'f 262 D�:a��:�� .i� .cr�n

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: .",it� NSf) Deat'and Dumb Institution, Washington . . . . . * 4 6 Corbin, M.D. Brief history o f certain cases o f Drainage, house, how t o deal with . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 I Du"t as an explosive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 Deatness, cold a s a cause of, b y Dr. Griffin . . 2 6 5 laryngeal diphtheria that were successfully treat- Drainage and sewerage of cities, a paper by CoL Dust-,- combustible, explosions from, by Prof. L. Deatness in schools, Dr. Sexton on . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 5 ed by the author with fumigations of black oxide Geo. E. Waring, C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 i W. peck. An Interesting paper demonstrating Deatness, temporary. A clinical lecture, by H. of mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29'7 Drainage. country house, by J. C. Bayles . . 61 I the fact that all combustible material when finely

A. Wilson, :M.D., dealing with that form of the Diphtheria, period of life most liable to suffer Drainage, house. A valuable paper . . . . . . -l(- 1 9 4 : divided, so as to form a dust or p0w.der, will, complaint due to impacted cerumen . . . . . . . . 264 from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 42 Drainage, house, E. S. Phil�rick . . * 2 42,. *�43 i unqer: proper conditions, burn with explosive

Deatb 2 painless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6 Diphtheria, pilocarpin i n , D r . Muller . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Drainage, house, disposal of, by E. S. pnllbTIck. : rapidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 6 Death bed studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Diphtheria, prevention of, by Dr. E. R. Max- A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 08 : Dust of streets, analYSIS of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 Decaisne. Joseph, the botanist. Biograpbical son. A paper of great interest and value to Drainage of an apartment house . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 6 Dust show.ers, microscopiC examination of. -l(' 1 99

sketch of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 7 physicians and parents, givinll the history and Drainage problem at Hoboken, N. J . . . . . . . . . 299 Du sts, dangerous properties of, by F. A. Abel. Decanter, how to lift with a straw . . . . . . . . * 2 4 7 pathology of the disease and offering sugges- Drainage, sewerage and ventilation of houses, Combustibility of dust, explosion in mills, cause Decipiulll, metal, by Mr. Delafontaine . . . . 1 5 5 tiona as to how it may be prevented and finally by R . Middleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 2 a n d prevention, effect o f coal dust i n mines, coal Declinollleter, Brunner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 3 8 6 exterminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 1 Drains, house, common defects in, b y E. C. dust the chief agent of destruction in mine ex-Decorations and furniture, designed by F'. Diphtheria, successful treatment of, by Dr. E. Clarke, C.R A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . �H 7 9 plosions. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 4 , 3 7 5

Wirth's Sons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 6 D

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JO. DraIns, how to lay, by: T. M. l;teade, C.E . . . : 8 5 I Dwar!, an ext.raordinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 4

Decorative details from the Exhibition Palace, h, Draper, Dr. Henry. �lOgraphl�al sketch of, by i DwarIs and giants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 5 Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 J. O'Dea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 69 Charles A . Young, )Vlth poytralt . . . . . . . . . . . -X- 3 79 i Dwell!ng, deslgn . for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09

Decorative painting, ornaments for . . . . . . . '* 202 DIphtheria, treatment of, by Dr. J. H. Nowlin. Draper, Henry. BIOgraphICal sketch of . . . . 3 7 5 Dwelling hOllse m concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9 Deer, the milu, of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 8

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Drawbridge, proposed, for the Thames, Lon- Dwellings for a�isans, Hornsey . . . . . . . . . . -l(-4 1 5 Deers' antlers, metamorphosis of, by Karl Brandt. tl don, by FrederIC Barnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 I Dwellings for art.lsans and laborers, England.

* 3 4 4 Diphtheria, treatment of with carbolized cam- Drawing, aids to the art of. Fig-ures and deserip- . * 420 DeCense, national, an address by Sir W. G. Arm- phor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 tion of various easily-made apparatus for en- Dyaklil of Borneo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 18 8 .

strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 Diphtheria ... treatment of, with iodoform . . 3 73 abling amateurs to reproduce correct outlines of Dye colors of fabrics, tests for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7 DeItle,., chief, in the religion of the American Disease in the human body, nature, origin, and objects with ease a nd rapidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 5 8 Dye, new, alizarine carmine, and recipes for its Indians, by A. S. Gatschet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 1 progress of, by J. B. Grayes, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 Drawing, aphorisms on, b.y Mr. Ruskin . . . . 1 0 5 use . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,- . . ; . . . . . . . : , . : . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . ; 1 4 7

Delesse, Achille, the mineralogist and engineer. Disease, physical signs of, derivable from the Drawing apparatus, electrIC . . . ; .. . . . . . . .. . . . * 1 9 7 Dyeing and prllltlllg, art.lfiCial purpurllle. lll, by Biographical sketch of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 breath, lips, teeth, and mouth, by G. V. Poore, Drawing arcs of Circles of lmg e radIUS, appa- M. A . Duffy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 42

De L esseps, Ferdinand, and family . . . . . . . . * 2 7 0 M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 ratus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 5 Dyeing and printing, electricity in, by ll'. Gop-Delllagnetizatlon, rapid, new method for, by Disease, some thoughts on the treatment of by Drawing, carriage, perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-2 6 7 pel"hroeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 2

J . Trowbridge and W . N . Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 9 James G . Clark, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 6 Drawing converging straight lines, instrllPlcnt Dyeing aniline black by aid of vanadium . . . 245 Densillleter, sugar, Huchs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 1 Diseases, contagious, affecting the lower ani- for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363 Dyeing, bleaching, printing, etc., by Ch. Weidin-Dental departure, new, in using amalgam fill- mals, danger from, by Prof. Stalker . . . . . . . . . 2 5 2 Drawing instrument, new, by C. W. MacCord. ger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9

ings, by L. P. Meredith, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 Diseases, contagious, and their prevention, by *424 Dyeing feathers, numerous recipes for . . . . . . 269 Dental rubber, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 2 A. J. Jessup, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 Dr�wing, mechan�cal, by Prof. C. W. MacCOI,d, Dyeing fE!lt, rycipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Dentition, by Richard A. F. Penrose, M.D. A DIseases, contagious, glandular origin of, by Dr. of the Stevens InstItute of Technology. A seTIes Dy@ing, fire risks of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 7 6

very instructive lecture delivered before the B. W. Richardson. Important paper . . . 99, 1 00 of new, original, and practical lessons in mechan- Dyeing, fixation of indigo upon cotton, by medical class of the University of Pennsylvania, Diseases, constitutional, cure of, by the use of ical drawing, accompanied by carefully prepared Schlieper and Baum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 upon a subject of vital importance to the wel- glasses, liy D . B. St. John Hoosa, M.D . . . . . . . . 2 5 2 e,xamples for practice, wit� directions, all of Dyeing, history and art ?f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 fare o f the infant i n health and disease . . . . . 1 6 7 Diseases, fllth and semi-filth, b y Dr. John C. Simple and plam character, llltended to enable Dyeing leather, by W. Eitner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Depots of the Hudson River Railroad . . . . . . . . 2 5 3 Peters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 any person, young or old, skilled or unskilled, to Dyeing leather, colors and shades applicable to, Depth gauge, navigational, application to of a Diseases, filth, in rural districts, by Dr. A. L. acquire the art of drawing. No expensive in- by E. N. Beller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 septum permeable to water and impermeable to Carroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '104 struments are involved. The series embodies Dyeing of garments, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0

air. b Y' Sir William Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 6 5 Diseases, infectious, a practical method for pre- the most abundant illustrations for all descrip- Dyeing, practical recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Derrickcr hand, 30 foot, cheap and easily con- venting the spread of in households by Dr Mal- tions of drawimr. and forms the most valuable Dyeing recipes, a valuable collection for different structe , by T. Appleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 0 colm McLean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . :. 320 treatise upon the subject ever published, as weU sbades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Derrick, railway car, Vorug·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 2 5 Diseases of domestic animals, report on, by Prof. a8 the cheapest. The series is illustrated by up- Dyeing recipes for fast shades in wool . . . . . . . 249 Derrick used at Davis Island dam, by James James Law. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 ward of 450 special engravings, and forms a large Dyeing recipes for linen, cotton and wool. A val-Harlow, C. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5 Diseases, specific, relation of minute organisms quarto book of over one hundred pages, uniform uable collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 Desiccating case for chemical laboratory * 3 3 2 to, b y Prof. Klebs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 in size with the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Price, Dyeing recipes for various shades . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 Desk, knapsack, and bed, combined . . . . . . . * 3 69 Diseases, uncommon in Peru and Bolivia by E stitched in paper, $2.50. Bound in handsome stiff Dyeing recipes for wool, leather, cloth and Deslllan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 4 R. Heatli, M.D . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . 3 9 6 covers, $3.50. Sent by mail to any address on re- linen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 Details from St. Albans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X, 2 4 5 Diseases, virulent, and especially o n the disease �eipt of price. Address Munn & Co., Publishers, Dyeing re?ip';ls. F?rmuhe for 11 different kinds Detecter, watchman's, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 5 commonly called Chicken Cholera, by L. Pa.- 361 Broadway, New York. Office of the SCIEN- of dyes used III EUlope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 1 Developer, carbonate o f soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 teur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 TIFIC AMERICAN. Dyeing recipes, practical, valuable collection . 1 3 Developer for dry plates, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 2 DisinCectant, black oxide of manganese as. 8 2 For the convenience of those who do not wish Dyeing, silk, by Marius Moyret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Developer, ferrous-oxalo-citrate, by W . D e W. Dislntectant, sulphurous acid as, by T . W. to purchase the entire series at once, we would Dyeing skins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 Abney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Keates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 state �hat these valuable L!,ssons m Mechanical Dye!ng, Turkeyre<,l . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 0 Developer, lactate o f ferrous oxide . . . . . . . . . 226 DisinCectants and their special aPJ!lications. A Drawmll' may also be had III the separate num- DyeIng, useful reCipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 Developer, new, b y W. T . Wilkinson . . . . . . . . 3 4 0 valuable paper, b y Dr. E. L. Griffin, showing bers of SUPPLEMENT, at 10 cents each. By order- Dyeing, various practical recipes for . . . . . . . . 2 7 7 Developer, new, for dry plates, b y L . O. Sam- how t o use various disinfectants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 62 �ng one ?r more numbers !1t a ti.me, the lear�er Dyeing, washing, or sizing machine for yarn in mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 DlsinCectants. Experiments to test the val lC III draWing may supply himself With fresh m- hanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Developers, alkaline, strong, notes 011 . . . . . . 1 9 6 of certain gaseous and volatile disinfectants. by structions as fast as his practice re9-uires. These Dyeing wool (see Wool dyeing). Developers for gelatine plates, improved, by Dr. George W. Sternberg, U.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 lessons are published successivelY III SCIE�Tn'IC Dyeing, 230 recipes fr?m practical dyers . . . . 1 6 7 Eder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 DisinCection by nitrous o:>::ide . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 9 1 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS * 1 , * 3 , *4, *6, * 8 , Dyes and colors, 13 reCipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 Devil beans of MexiCO, and their singular move- DisinCectlon, hospital, apparatus for . . . . . *262 * 9, * 1 2, * 1 4" * 1 6 , -X, 1 8." *20, *22, -X' 24, Dyes, " azo," composition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 ments, by J. W. A. WTIght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 06 D

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ermg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 0 Wiegelt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 D.ra�ing, mechamcal, how to do sectIOnal shad- Dyes for .gloves . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 Dextri ne maltose, o r malt sugar, and its use i n Distances and heights, inaccessible, methods mg m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 Dyes for Jute : red, lightgreen, brown, and reddlsh brewing, by Prof. Wm. George Valentine, F.R.S. of measuring, by T. E. Candler . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 Drawlng-roolll corner and octagon boudoir, i brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 0 A n exhaustive and able paler, containing the Distillation, cognac, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 . * 2 6 8 i Dyes for wool, recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 �'b�\��t

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______ � __ �_. __ � __ � ________________________________________ � __ �._ln_g�, _y�U_._T_. __ o ___ r_._._. _ . . _._. _._. _ . . _._. _ . . _._. _ . . _._ . . _._. _ . . _. ___ � ____ y�e_s�, _n_e_w_rn __ o_r __ a_n ___ o_r __ x_l_n=g_. _ . . _. _ . . _._. _ . . _._. _ . . _._ . . _____ �

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. PRLCE 1Q CENTS EACH NUMBER. MUNN .t CO •• 861 BROAD WA Y. NEW YORK. --- IN ORDERLNG PLEASE GIYE THE NUMBERS.


A OATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUA8LE PAPE::rtS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 869

Dyes on yarns and tissues. new methoQ of de-tecting, by Jules Jotrre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Dyes, various shadesl recipes for . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 5 3 DyestuiDI, manufacmre! properties, etc . . . . . 1 34 Dyewood, new. Beth-a-oarra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Dynagraph, Johnson's, for Ill!certainlng resist-ances of engines and cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DynaDllcs, radio. by Pliny Earle Chase . . . . . 294 DYllaDJ.ite in agriciiIture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 DYnaDlo electric machines (see Electric machin·s. 1 DynaDJ.o machine, with friction-gear . . . . . . *419 DynaDJ.oDl.eter, Ayrton and Perry's . . . . . . *3'72 DynaDloDl.eter, balance. Farcot·s . . . . . . . . . *21 5 DynaDloDl.eter, current. Sabine's . . . . . . . . . *38'7 D

I��:-;'��i!��?�� . . �� . ��. ��K DYllaDJ.ODl.eter for currents of great intensity. Weber's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *250 DynaDl.oDl.eter for melll!uring the strength of fabrics, Hausner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'78 DynaDloDleter, hydrostatle, Peltat's . . . . . *399 DYllantODl.eter, improved. Tatham's . . . . . . *320 DynaDJ.oDl.eter, magnetic, Saya's . . . . . . . . . . *314 DynaDloDleter, new. for melll!uring the power delivered to screws of sWps, Wm. Froude . . *89 DYllaDloDl.eter, rotary. Morin's . . . . . . . . . . . * 194 DynaDJ.ODleter, Smith's . . . . . . , . . . . *309, *314 DynaDJ.oDl.eter, totalizing, Megy's . . . . . . . . *3'76 DynaDJ.oDl.eter, transmission, Thomson's. *212 DynaDJ.ontetric brakes, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *264 DynaDJ.ODletrie counter. Megy's . . . . . . . . . . . *309 D

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?;:ru':,'h�� .�� .��.' . �� . . ��' . . �:. �32� Dyspepsia and digestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 Dyspepsia, by Dr. A. Leared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Dyspepsia, its causes, symptoms, and treatment, by Dr. C. F. Kunze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Dyspepsia, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Dyspepsia, treatment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 1 62 D

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M. t;��b��. �.I�iC� . . l�.��.' . �� .�: . �: . ��. ��si'}j Dyspepsia, relation of to constitutional dis-eases, by Dr. J. Cornillon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32. 1 3 3

E

Electric currenti dynamo. new applications of in Electric lighting of caves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 6 Electrical cabinet, by Geo. M. Hopkins. De-metallurgy and n horticulture . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Electric lighting of the Brussels telegraph office. scription of a simple and inexpensive el!l(,-trioal Electric ourrent. foroe of"variation in by the *311 cabmet. whioh may be combined to form several action of sonorous vibrauon. by Prof. D. E. Electric lighting. Report of the Franklin Insti- pieces of apparatus, and which any amateur may Hughes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 12'7 tute Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 easily construct for himself and perform a great Electric current measurer1 Dev.rez's . . . . . . . *265 Electric lighting. Swan system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 14 variety of experiments with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 191 Electric current meters. Snaw s ; and method of Electric lighting. the macWnes used for . . . . . 99' Electrical clocks and clock work . . . . . . . . . . *198 taking sub-surface observations . . . . . . . . . . *414 Electric lighting. Thomson-Houston system. Electrlc·al conduotivity, by H . Tomlinson . . 334 Electric currents of high tension. experiments *388 Electrical conductors, by·W. H. Preece . . . . . 420 on, by M. Gaston Plante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Electric lighting, ZipernowskY' system . . . . . *395 Electrical conductors. devices for overcoming Electric cUlTlilnts.t what are they ? Abstract of a Electric 10cOinotive engine, how to make. byG. induction in. by C. J. Kintner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 lecture by Prof. !!Silvanus Thompson . . . . . . . . 334 F. Chutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 Electrical course indicator for ships . . . . . . . *332 Electric detecter, McEvoy's. for ascertaining the Electric locomotive-lamp, Sedlaczek·s . . . . . *334 Electrical currents. irr.provements in generllt-presence of metals under water . . . . . . . . . . *35'7 Electric Dl.achlne, alternating current, Fer- ing, by A . G. Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'72 Electric discharge in gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 ranti's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368 Electrical currents. melll!urement of, by W. H. Electric discharge throngh colza oil. by Dr. A. Electric machine and light. steam. for military Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 Macfarlane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *255 Electrical currents. mechanical production of ; a Electric discharge. Mayer'S apparatus for ana- Electric machine. Carre·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20"5 simple and intelligible explanation of the princi-ElYeZcintrgl'c' ' d' ','SC" h' 'ar' '11" ·e·.s·.· ar'bo' r' e' 's'can' " t· .· 'o' b' 't'a',:n'e' d' *f1r06m8 Electric machine. magneto. De Meritens . . . *209 pIes that are involved In the production of elec-

lE Electric machine, di-. Abbe Le Dantec's . *245 tric currents mechanically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *324 the rheostatic machine . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . *201 Electric machine, dynamo and magneto, mag- Electrical currents, animal, Radclitre's re-Electric discharges in rarefied glll!eS, experi- netic circuits in. note on by Lord Elphinstone searches on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 ments of De la Rue and Muller. o n . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 and Charles W . Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 30 Electrical Exhib . • Internat., Paris, 1881. . . . . 2'71 Electric drawing apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 191 Electric machine, dynamo. Ball's . . . . . . . . . . . *403 Electrical exposing shutter, new. by D. Ed-Electric earth currents. apparatus for automati- Electric macWne. dynamo. Brush . . . . . . . . . . *214 wards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34'7 cally registering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *413 Electric machine. dynamo. continuous-current Electrical fire damp photometer. Liveing·s. Electric engraving machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 3 Hefner Alteneck·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29u *253 Electric exploding apparatus for mining pur- Electric machine. dynamo. Elphinstone-Vin- Electrical horticulture ; some applications of poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *319 cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *369 electric energy t o horticultural and agricultural Electric eeL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236 Electric machine. dynamo. for producing alter- purposes. b;y: Dr. C. W. Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Electric fire-damp detecter. }'orbes· . . . . . . . *200 nating currents, Gramme·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 'Electrlcal illuminatio� report upon by Prof. Electric fiash-signaling apparatus for light- Electrie machine. dynamo. Gramme's combined. Tyndall to the Trinity Jjoard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'03 houses, railways, etc . • Peebles· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 1 *233 Electrical incandescent lamps acting i n the Electrle free-pendulum regulator for communi- Electrle machine. dynamo, Gulcher's . . . . . . *318 open air, Reynier·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *356 cating time to all the clocks of a city . . . . . . * 1 5 3 Electric machine, dynamo. Hopkinson and Muir- Electrical induction machines, opinions of va-Electric gas l.i.a"hter. Bogart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 head's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 392 rious scientists upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 '7 Electrle gas lignter, Gaitre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Electric machine, dynamo, Lontin's . . . . . . . * 1 14 Electrical induction .... sonometry by . . . . . . . ·lH 84 Electrle gas lighting apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . *213 Electric machine. dynamo. how to make, with Electrical lighting • .Jj;dison·s system of as shown Electric gas pressure regulators, systems of full directions and working drawings. by G. M. at the Paris Exhibition of Electricity . . . . . . *301} Launay and of Chardin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *214 Hopkins. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 161 Electrical log. Kelwa� and Dyer's . . . . . . . . . *326 Electrle gauge. Mercadier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 ElectriC machine. dynamo, Perry's . . . . . . . . . *283 Electrical machine, Holtz, by G. M. Hopkins. Electric generator. magneto, De Rouilly's. Electric machine, dynamo, Weston's . . . . . . . *393 Details of construction of several simplified *352 Electric machine, dynamo, with friction driving forms of the Holtz electrical machine. with Electric generator. secondary, Gaulard-Gibbs. gear, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 working drawings. to enable any one at slight . *38'7 Electric machine, external armature, Siemens'. expense to make a single or double plate appa-Electric generators, dynamo-engine for driving. *38'7 ratus. Accompanied with descriptions o f a large . *321 Electric machine. magneto' and dynamo. Fitz- number of interesting and instructive experi-�l:�:�� g�rca, W�=:�· . .

..... : : : : : : : : : : : �:U Ef:��!iiiaChi�e; iiidiiciio�; wimshurRt;s:.�U� ��:di�it'h��fs. �:�1�!�: *2�8� �;';9��rs� Eads, James B. Biographical sketch of . . . . . . . 44 Electric hoist, Hopkinson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 8 Electric machine, magneto, Breguet's . . . . . . . *43 Electrical mach!ne, Holtztpew . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . * 10 Eagles of poetry and prose. by Ed. Newman . 68 Electric incubator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Electric machine. magneto, Gramme's . . . . . . * 1 '7 Electrical machme. VOSS-HoltZ . . . . . . . . . . . . *291 Ear, action of quinine and salicylic acid on . . . 333 Electric induction. coil-regulator for, by J. E. Electric machine, magneto, De Meritens· . . * 199 Electrical machines, an important problem and Ear disease. treatm't of. bl' Dr. J. L. Minor . . 333 Floyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 52 Electric machine, Niaudet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 its solution, by Theodore Wiesendanger . . . *253 Ear, disellcSOs of. b'lDr. Samuel Theobald. Success- Electric induction, volta, by Willoughby Smith. Electric machines. dynamo ; a study of some of Electrical machines, induction, observations of ful treatment 0 several cases of fungoid dis- *41 '7 the circumstances which infiuence the efficiency Mr Holtz on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *321 ease with zinc oxide and boracic acid . . . . . . . 294 Electric laDJ.p, arc. Abdank's. by W. H. Preece. of these apparatus, by Profs. E. J. Houston and Electrical melll!urements, apparatus for . . . *329 Ear, diseases of. from batWng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 *360 Elihu Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 Electrical method for determination of man-Ear, aspergillus In, by C. H. Burnett. M.D . . *208 ElectriC lamp, incandescent, for miners, Plante's. Electric machines, dynamo. an account of the gallese, nickel, zinc. and lead, by A. Rlehe . . . 92 Ear, wearing of cotton pellets in as artificial *414 important researches o f Breguet on the theory Electrical miadlings purifier, Osborne's . . . *235 drum-heads, by C . H . Burnett. M.D . . . . . . . . . 21 '7 ElectriC lamp. Mondos' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 of the Gramme and other forms of dynamo and Flectrlcal movements o f camphor on water, by Ears, the cerebral symptoms by impacted cerll - Electric lamp, Higgins' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 5 magneto electric generators . 222� *224, *225 P. Casamajor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03 men In, by W. A. Hammond. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Electric lamp, incandescent. Reynier·s . . . . . *208 Electric machines. dynamo and magneto, at Electrical novelties at the Paris Electrical Exhi-Earth, actual figure of. by Dr. G. W. Rache1. .266 Electrle lamp. Jamin·s . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . *194 the Paris Exhibition. by Dr. G. Glaser . . . . . 30'7 bition, by C. S. H. Small. Notes on various in-Earth, age of. Proctor on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Electrle lamp regulatorl Somzee's . . . . . . . . . . *342 ElectriC machines, dynamo and magneto. mag- teresting exhibits ; Edison exhibit ; Tissandler's Earth, arable. what it is made of. how formed, and Electric lamp, Solignac s. by Th. Du Moncel. netic circuits in, by Lord Elphinstone and C. W. . motor for balloons ; Kastner's pyrophone ; Max-and how improved, by Stanislaus Meunier .. *28 *362 Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 1 im's electric light i.... Collins' electric clocks ; elec-Earth as a conductor of electricity. by John Electrle lamp, Stewart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *231 ElectriC machines, dynamo, by Dr. F. J. Lon*t'7in1' tric lighthouse ; Jjoivin's exhibit ; Cumminf's Trowbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Electric lamp, Strode & Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *263 periphery contact key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Earth Ill! seen from other stars, . . . . . . . . . . . . . *252 Electric lamp, sun, Clerc and Bureau's . . . . * 3 1 3 Electric machines. dynamo. De Meritens" by A. Electrical ozonizer, Leeds' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *203 Earth, ll'rowth of, by Prof. C. A. Young . . . . 40 Electrle lamp. Werdermann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 '7 GWlrot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36 Electrlcal ;phenomena, the alleged etheric force. Earth, Immobility of. by Dr. Schoepper . . . . *121 Electric lamps arc and incandescent, being a Electric machines. dynamo, hand. by W. H. test experIments as to the identity of with in-Earth, Inner, nature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 description with engravings of all the principal Preece, F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 4 duced electricity. by Profs. E . J . Houston and Earth, interior density and construction of, by forms of electric lights now used ; with thirty Electric machines. dynamo, Jablochkoff's . * 138 Elihu Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 D. P . Blackstone. An Interesting paper . . . . flO engravings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 Electric machines. magueto and dynamo. A Electrical postal tramway. Siemens· . . . . . . . *326 Earth, interior of. by Sir Geo. B . Airy . . . . . . . . 1 29 Electrle lamps, brief descriptions of the various valuable pa�r by Aug. Gueront. giving a chro- Electrical railway. Gross-Lichterfelde. near Earth, internal heat of, by Prof. Mohr . . . . . . . 1 1 kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 '7 nological hIStory and brief description of the Berlin. Siemens-Halske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 Earth, magnetism of, ell'ect upon of the sun's Electrie lamps. Hedge's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 5 various kinds of magneto and electro dynamic Electl'1cal researches, Warren de la Rue and

rotation and the moon's revolution . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Electric lamps. incandescent, Trouve's . . . . • *310 machines known . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *351 · Hugo Muller's investigations of the interesting Earth movements in Java. by R. Proctor . . . . 4 16 Electrie lamps in Paris, by Prof. Silliman. Electric machinesl magneto and dynamo. by J. phenomena that accompany the electric dis-Earth, rotation of as a driving power . . . . . . . . 1 02 1 42, 143 Angelo Fallie. Inreresting particulars concern- charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'70 Earth, rotation of, demonstrated by the gyro- Electric Ught, a lecture by Henry Morton. * 1 5 1 ing the action of the best machines . . . . . . . . . . 369 Electrical resistances. instrument for testing. scope, by J. M. Arnold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 191· Electric light apparatus for photography. *3 12 Electric measures, unities of. decision of Con- Bucknill's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *296 Earth, Sir Wm. Thomson's arguments for the Electric light and gill! apparatus. exhibition at gress of Electricians on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 Electrical researches, interestinl!" ; an account. age or, note on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Gllll!gow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Eleetrlc meter, Hopkinson's . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . *3 8 1 by Dr. Siemens, of recent applIcations of t�e Earth tremors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . ;J� 4 Electrle light ayparatus for photographic pur- Electric Dl.otor.!, Burgin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *323 dynamo electric current to metallurgy, horti-Earth tremors. report of comlDlttee to BrItISh poses, by A. J. 'J arman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *312 Electric motor, lJeprez·s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 12 culture, and the transmission of power . . . . . . 239 As,ociation. 1 882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Electrie light apparatus, simple, by Geo. M. Electrle motor. new, by Wm. W. Griscom . . . 26'7 Electrical ship's log, Kelway's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 Earth worms, harm done by. byF. H. Storer . . 322 I H0v.kins. Two fUll-size working drawings of Electric motor pendulum. Higgs' . . . . . . . . . . . . *58 Electrical shunts, abstract of a paper by W. H. Earth worms, what they are good for . . . . . . . . 1 03 elll!ilymade apparatus. and three drawings show- Electric motor.�Trouve's, its IlPplicatlons.*259 Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6'7 Earthquake waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 ing all detailS of cells and howto arrange in bat- Electric musical instruments shown at the Cen- Electrical smoke figures ; method of producing Earthquakes in 187B . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . . • • . . . . 201 tery, with full instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149 tennia! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 very curious phenomcna with smoke . . . . . . . . . 93 EarthworDl., a new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 86 Electric light, application of in theaters . . . *410 Eleetrlc night-signal. railway, Coupan's . . . *301 Electrical static repulsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 Eastgate House, Rochester, Eng . . . . . . . . . . . *308 Electrle light, application o f t o submarine con- Electrle objective for instantaneous photogra- Electrical storage a system of by Profs E J Ebonlte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 struction, by C. C. Soulages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *350 Jhy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Houston and Elihu Thomson . . . � . . . . . . . . . . :*i1 5 Ebonlte, index of refraction. measurement of, Electrle light. arc. by Leo Doft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Electric paper, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Electrical telemeter. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *229

lly Profs. Ayrton and Perry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Electrle light arc lamp, " Pilsen." by H, F. Joel. Electric pen, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *414 Electrical time gun at Pernambuco . . . . . . . . . *21 Ebullioscope.., or apparatus for ascertaining the *339 Electric pen, or horograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 3 Electrical totslizing counter. Froment's . . *2'78 proportions or alcohol present in liquids. Malli- Electrle light at Moscow during the coronation Electric pen, simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 166 Electrical traction i account of experiments re-

gand's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 '7 of the Czar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *412 Electric phenomena. simUlation of by liquid or cently made in ParIS on tramcar propulsion by Eccentricity' and idiosyncrlll!Y, by Dr. Wm. A. Electric light at the Angers (France) State quar- gaseous currents, by C. Decharme . . . . . . . . . . *390 means of electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Hammond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 8 ries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *211 Electric photometer. Vidal's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'70 Electrical transmissions. role of the earth in, by Echoes, aerial, by Prof. Joseph Henry . . . . . . . 1 53 Electric light, carbon points for, by F. Carre . . 98 Electric pile, dry, Van Tenac's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 Th. Ou Moncel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Eclipse of 1878, by Prof. C. A. young . . . . . . . . 1 40 Electric light carbons, machine to make, Cun- Eleetrie pile, thermo. Clamond's . . . . . . . . . . . *21 ] Electrical vortices. by J. J. Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 Ecllplle, solar, Dec. 1880, by J . R . Capron . . *289 litre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 '7 Electric power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Eledrlclty and gill! a s heating agents . . . . . . . 2'f6 Ecllpset solar,.?f 1878. report on by J. Norman Electrle light. divisibility of, by W. Trant . . . 1 58 Electric power bammer, Deprez's . . . . . . . . . . *352 Electricity and gas, facts about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Lockyer and .t'rof. Henry Draper . . . . . . . . . ·IH 44 Electrie light. economy of, by W. H. Preece . 28 8 Electric probe and extractor. Trouve's . . . . . . *29 Electricity and gas, the competition between in Ecllpse, solar. of 1878, Dr. Draper's obs . . . . . 1 4 1 Electrle light engine, portable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '76 Electric railway, run by accumulators . . * 342 Paris. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Ecclesiastical Art Exhibition. building . . *225 Electric light for cars. Klabath·s . . . . . . . . . . . *406 Electric railway apparatus at the Paris Electrical Electricity and gill! the light and energy of by Eddystone lighthouse. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Electric light. Fuller's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '7 8 Exhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 5 J. T. Sprague . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 911 EdlsoDiThomasAlva. Biog.,with portrait.*309 Electrie light, hunting by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *361 Electric railway at Brighton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Electricity and light. relation between, by Dr. Educat on" industrial. a new feature in. A de- Electrie light in large cities, discussion on by W. Electrle railway, AYJ:I;on and Perry's . . . . . . *335 O. J. Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'75

scription or the nQW system of hand education H. Preece and others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Electrle railway, Bmko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Electricity, apparatus for measuring, b;!' E. adopted by the Society for Ethical Culture in the Electric light in the German navy . . . . . . . . . *259 Electric railway brake, Boothby's . . . . . . . . . . *221 Mercadier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *365 instruction of children in the principles underIy- Electrle light in the navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 Electric railway, coal mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'78 Electricity, application. of to railway �ra3i4ns5' ing all mechanical arts and occupations . . *230 Electric ligbt, infiuence of on plants . . . . . . . . . 3 18 Electric railway. Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Edueatlon, Prof. Huxley on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 1 Electric light, infiuence o f ullon vegetation, and Electric railway. Kew. England . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 Eleetrlelty, application of t o the illumination of

Edueation in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34'7 on certain phrsical prinCIples involved. A Elec&rlc railway, Portrush, Ireland . . . . . , . . . . 3 88 the inner cavitIes of animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 5 Education, relations of labor. Johannot . . . . 9'7 paper by C. WillIam Siemens, D.C.L . • F.R.S. 229 Electric railway, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Electricity Ill! a cosmical agent. by G. D. Hiscox. Education, scientific, Huxley on . . . . . . . . " . . 251 Electric lill'ht, Jablochkotr's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 , 16'7 Electric railway, Siemens'. improvem'ts in.*23 5 424 Education, the Quincy methods in, by Prof. G. Eleetrlc lIght, Jablocbkotr's system of at Paris ElectriC railway, Siemens', at Zankeroda Mines. Eleetriclty Ill! a motive power. by Prof. W. E. B. Northrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Exhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *301 *41 '7 Ayrton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Edwardsia grandifiora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 Electrle light, Kings' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Electric railways and transmiSSion of power by Electricity, atmospheric. by David Brooks. 252 Eels. Their natural history, the mode of taking Electrle light. locomotive, Marshall's . . . . . . * 1 '79 electricity. by Alexander Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . 30" Electrlelty, atmospheric, origin of, and its con-

them, and many other interesting details . . 266 Electrle light, Lontin's system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *213 Electric railways, Perry and Ayrton's . . . . . *332 nection witn the electrical occurrences upon our Eels, Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Electric light, magneto, by Capt. Abney . . . . . 1 3 1 Electric range-finder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 globe, by L. Zehnd�r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 E:.ls, reproduction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 Electric lig�t measurement, apparatus for l.. by Electric signal for divers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 Electricity, bleachmg by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 E�g and poultry trade. Europe and U.S . . . . . . 313 Robert Sabme .... C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lE- is 8 '7 Electric signals for railways, Siemens and Electricity, breaking horses by . . . . . . . . . . . . *208 Eggs, fresh. how to have the year round . . . . . 145 Electric light, lmpieff's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Ha.lske's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *65 Electrlcitr, can power in large amount be trans-Eggs, how to Ill!certain the age of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Electric light. Schmidt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40'7 Electric signal for trains. Dacousso's . . . . . . *380 mitted by It, by N. S. Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 '7 Eggs, how to'feed hens for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Electrle light, some improved methods of fro- Electric siphon. hydro, Maxim·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Electrlelty, disruptive discharge of, by Alex. Eggs, how to preserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 ducing and regulating, by H. Wilde . . . . . . . . . . 10 Electric speech-recorder, Gentilli's . . . . . . . . *293 Macfarlane. D.Sc . • and P. M. Plar.tair. A.M .. 231 Eggs, how to preserve for the market . . . . . . . . 3 1 '7 ElectrIc light station of U. S. Illuminating Co., Electrle stop-motion, by W. H. Bailey . . . . * 1 5 1 Electricity, domestic ; Maigret s and Ranque's Eggs, how to preserve with paraffin . . . . . . . . . . 308 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *423 Electric stop-motion. for drawing-frames . . *362 lighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Eggs, p-,"ofits on and nutritive v8:1ue of . . . . . . . . 53 Electric light stocks. speculations in . . . . . . . . . 3 18 Elee.trlc stop-motion in the cotton mill . . . . . . 299 Electricity, dynamic. development of by means Eggs, SImple method of preservmg. . . . . . . . . . 65 Electric lIght. temperature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Electric street passenger car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *383 of static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Egyptian antiquities. An interesting narrative Electrie light tower, San Jose . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . *330 ElectriC submarine monitor, Tuck's . . . . . . . . . 400 Electricity, economy of, by J. Faulkner . . . . 28 o f a tour o f the River Nile, with descriptions Electric light, the Jablochkotf system of . . . * 141 Electric telemeter, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " *363 Electrlclty,.effect of on particles suspended in of the more interesting localities and their mon- Electric lights. actual costs of using, by J. H. ElectriC totalizing integrator, Abakanowicz's. liquids. by Mr. Holtz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 uments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *213 Shoolbred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 58 *369 Electricity, effects of reproduced by vibrations,;

Egyptian remains, Brugsch's discovery . . . *301 Electric lights, gas for producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Electrletramcar of the French Electrical Storage results obtained by Mr. Bjerknes . . . . . . . . . . . *31 j) Electrle alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 1 Electric lights Reynier's improvements in . *83 f)o ' *408 Electricity, Exhibition. of International, Pnris, Electric apparatus. measuring, at Munich.*421 Electric lightS new LOdighin's and Jabloch- Electric'tramWay at 'Parlid;1emens': : : : : : : *306 1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300* 301 Electrle apparatus, thermo, RIdout's . . . . . . *238 koff's . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 00 El,e�trlc tramways, new system of, by *M4. 1H1' Electricity, growing plants by . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Electric arc, new experiments with . . . . . . . . . . 348 Electric lights. small from batteries. cost of run- Hmlth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity, fusion of metals by . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Electrlc arcii reaction current of . . . . . . . 34'7,. 3 18 ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 5 Electric transmiSSion and storage. Lecture by EI��trlcltY'fheat, tndM.g�t�'1i tWy expressA0'7n� Electrie ba oon, Tissandier's . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . it416 Electric lighter Desruelles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 12 Dr. Wm. Siemens, F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 0 e same orce. y o . 1 u ray . . . . . . . Electric batteries ... cost of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Electric lighteTI! and extinguishers, Loiseau·R. Electric trial-bell, Desruelles' .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 8 1 Electricity, illumination by. by J. J amin . . . 1 32 Electric battery, l;amacho's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4'7 Ranque'sl and Barbier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36'7 Electrle tricycle. Ayrton and Perry·s . . . . . . *361 Electricity in coal mines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Electric battery lights for railway trains . . . . 4 1 '1 Eleetrlc ighters for domestic purposes, Loi- Eleetrlc tricycle, Amon and Perry's . . . . . . *420 Electricity in dyeing and printing. by F. Gop-Electric bell and battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *369 seau's and Ranque's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 Electrle tuning-forks and their uses . . . . . . . . *365 pelsroeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 352 Electric bell, De Redou's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 Electric lighters Maigret's and ltanque's . . *289 Electric voting apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 195 Electricity in the carding room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Electric bell, Lippens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 8 8 Electric lighting applied to navigation, by C. C. Electrle wires, thICkness of necessary to carry Electricity in war, by H. B. Pritchard. . . . . . . 92 Electric bells, suppression of yiles in . . . . . . *412 Roulages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *339 different currents without heating, by Prof. G. ElectricitY, infiuence of vacuum on . . . . . . *382 Electrle bleaching of textile fibers . . . . . . . . . *401 Electric lighting by batteries at the Comptoir Forbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Electricity, lighti� by. W, R. Brigl,S. . . . . . . . 98 Electric brake, Achard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *312 d'Escompte, Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *354 Electrle works o f Paris, lighting of the stores o f Electricity, medic , by r . E . G. oring . . . 5 5 Electr�c cables. underground. improved method Electric lighting, by Edward Briggs, C.E . . . . 1 54 the J.ouvre and the Hippodrome . . . . . . . . . . . *23'7 Electricity, medical, b y Dr. W . H . Stone . . . . 332

of laYing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *390 Electrle lighting, Brush system of construction Electrical accumulators, by Prof. Oliver J. Electricity on tramways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Electric candle, solenOid. Morin's . . . . . . . . . . *400 and peculiar features of the dynamo-electric I,odge, D.Se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Electricity, phenomena of�mitatlon of by liquid Electric chandelier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *326 machinc and of the lamps, by C. F. Brush.*2'74 Electrleal alarm complll!s, Severn's . . . . . . . . * 195 or gaseous currents, by C. echarme . . . . . . *41 8 Electric chronograph for steam boilers Lethuil Electrle lighting by refiection Partz's syst *351 Electrical and telephone experiments. Abstract Electricity, photo. by Professor G. M. Minchin.

lier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . * 1 '73 Electric lighting, dangers of . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 364 of a lecture by Alexander Graham Bell . . . . . 1 1 '7 *253 Electric cigar lighter. Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Electric lighting. incandescent, by J. Swan. 30'7 Electrical apparatus at the Paris Exhi*bi1ti5()3n Electricity.., positive and negative. differeRCe In Electric clock chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Electric lighting, its costs and appliances. A actions of, oy E. Mach and S. Doubrava . . . . . 235 Electric coast warning, Perry's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 comprehensive survey of the subject, by Charles Electrical appliances, future development ofl Electricity, practical uses of, by Prof. Charles Electric compensator applied to the Prony brake. Wm. Siemens, LL.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 by Prof. John Perry. An interesting survey or A. Young. An interesting essay, in which is dis-

*359 Electric lighdng. lecture by J. W. Swan. the present condition and future prospect8 of cussed in an untechnical manner the extent and Ele�trlc conductors. lead-cased, manufacture of. 264, 265 the industrial use of electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 variety of the existing applications of electricity

*386 Electric lighting, new system of and a new form I Electrical attraction. experiment on . . . . . . *24'7 to the arts of life, and reasons for expecting tbeir Eleetrlc current, application of in analytical of electric lamp, by Prof. E. Thomson and Edwin I Electrical batteries, many forms <!lee Batteries). rapid multiplicatIOn in the near future . . . . . . 28 5

chemistry. by C. Luckow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 J. Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 Electrical brake, Spottiswoode's . . . . . . . . . . . . , * 5 1 Ele.ctrlclty, printing music by . . . . . . . . . . . . *265

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGR AVINGS. :l!BICE :l.O CENTS PEB NUJlCBEB. lICUNN ell: CO,. 861 BBOAD WA Y. NEW YOBK. - IN OBD:EBING ;PLEASE GIYE XHE NUlICBEB8.


370 A OATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS OONTAINED IN THE SOIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Electrlelty, rec!,nt wonders of, by W. H. Preece. I Emery Krlnders for sharpening tools . . . . . . . *269 Ete�:��rt;:�it��a7��;; by·J.2�� :�: �=:�:l:"g�:C��'o�a� *�rth" caroiina

3t 1 M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '2'6 Wm. E. HIdden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3'

Electricity, report of sounds by . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 "' '2' Emma Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 9 Electricity, static, curative applications . . * 2 8 2 Emotional prodigality. A paper by C. Fayette Elcctrlclty, static, transformation of into vol- Taylor, M.D., showing the exhausting effect that

talc currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . '. ' . . 3 6 8 , 3 69 emoti?nal excitement produces upon the bodily Electricity, storage of ; the opmIOns, pro and functIOns . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 6 �nth�fF��'6�li�g�� .�� .��. ��.:�W: E��.re�o�� .�. ��. !� .�?� . . ';��'.�i,fu

Electricity, storage of, by Plante's secondary Emulsion, Lohse's method of pre"parlng . . . . 2 8 9 pile, and Houston & Thomson's batterles . . * 2 3 4 Emulsion, manipulations. by H. J. Newton. 8 9 Elcctrlclty, the modern development of Fara- Emulsion photo-plates. b:y H. J. Newton . . . . 4 8

day's conception of, by Prof. Helmholtz . . . * 2 8 4 Emulsion process. collodIO-bromide. applied to Electricity, the age of. by Prof. 8. P. Thompson. transparencies ; and enlarging without a nitrate

3 ... 9 bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Electricity,. the applications of. by Sir Frederick Emulsion processes, modification of . . . . . . . . 2 '2' 3

Bramwel l, v.P.lnst.C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 2 Emulsions, by Prof. C. Lewis Diehl . . . . . . . . . 3 4 3 Electricity, the earth a s a conductor of. by John Emulsions, improvements in methods of treat-

Trowbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ... ing, Plener's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 3 Electricity, the essential nature of. by J. T. Emulsions, mlx.ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 6

Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 1 Emllisions, rapId, b y H. G . Inskipp . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 Electrlcl�y, thermo the nature of, Kohlrausch's Emulslo�s, washed and unwashed. . . . . . . . . . 1 0

hypothesIs m regard to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 '2' Enamel for hollow iron ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Electricity, what it is and what may be expected Enameling pottery. practical directions lOr,

of it, by Jacob Reese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 with recipes for different colors. by Millway Electrified oxygen and linseed oil . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 1 Vanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 '2' Eleetro brassing and bronzing, direct·ns for. 1 64 EnaIDels for metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2' Electro capillary phenomena of the human body, Encaustic tiles, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

by E. Onimas and C. Legras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 Energy, electrical storage of. by O. Lodge . . . 4 1 6 Electro capillary phenomena. b y P . Higgs . . * ... 8 Energy minimum, experimentiIJ. illustration of, Electro deposition, intIu. of magnetism on. *4 1 1 by SIr Wm. Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *263 Electro dynamic balance, Debrun's . . . . . . . . * 3 ... ... Energy, potential. by S. T. Preston . . . . . . . . . . 8 '2' Electro dynamo transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 S Energy, the transmission of. An interesting and Electro glldln!!J, directions for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60 valuaole paper by Prof. Reynolds. treating of Electro gilding, Ebernmyer's process of . . . . . . 1 1 2 the different sources of energy and of their stor-Electroly"ls, a new experiment in, by EUllElne age and transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 3

Semmola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 1 Energy, varl':lUs fc;>rms of. an attempt at a sys-Electrolysis, lIgures obtamed by . . . . . . . . . . * 4�6 tematlC classI11catIOn of. by O. J. LOdge . . . . . 20 8 Electrolytic balance of chemical corrosion, bi Engine, ammonia. Ga�e's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 1

George Uore. LL.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Engine, blowing, Morris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 Electrolytic determinations a n d separations, by Engine, calOrIC, Erlcsson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '2'0

Alex. Classen and M. A. Von Reis . . . . . . 299, 326 Engine, calorlc. solar1 Erlcsson's . . . . . . . . . . . *2 1 8 Electrolyzing apparatus for impure alcohol, Engine, compound. 1I1-horse. Garrett·s . . . . *29'2'

improved, Naudin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 '" Engine crank. broken, how repaired with wire Electro-magnet, new form of. by Prof. Fred. rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 '2'

Arzberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 1 Engine, electro-magnetic. Deprez's . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 0 Eleetro-magnet, the, It receiving telephone. A Engine, electro-magnetic, Egger's . . . . . . . . . . . * '2' 8

paper by F. G. Lloyd, shOwing that a good re- Engine, tIre (see Fire-engine). ceiving telephone can be made from electro- Engine, gas, Ewins and Newman·s . . . . . . . . . * 3 60 magnets without any vibrating diaphragm . . . 1 4 '2' Engine, hoistingt.. Williamson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 ...

Electro-magnetic apparatus, Pacinotti. . * 3 I ... Engine, hot-air, Hider·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 Elec&ro-magnetlc bells, full directions how to Engine, hot-air (see Caloric and Hot-air engines).

make, wltn working drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 Engine, hot-air. Todt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 Electro-IDagnetie engine. Deprez's.·by Th. Du Engine, hot-air. the Sachsenberg . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62

Moncel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Engine, hydrocarbon, Brayton'S . . . . . . . . . . . . * ... 8 Electro-magnetic engine. new, Egger's . . . * '2' 8 Engine, marlp'�\ progress and development of. Electro-m�gnetic engine. Sawyer's . . . . . . . . * 1 9 br F . C . Marsrmu, M.E. A very valuable paper. Electro-maguelic induct'n. molecular . . *2!i.1 gIving the history and progress of marine engiElectro-IDagnetic locomotive. Davidson's. neering. describing the most approved types of

* 3 ... 0 engines and boilers now employed. materials Electro-magnetic machine. Varley's. and mode of manufacturel performances and

* 1 1 9, * 1 2... economies. consumption of ruel. results of screw Electro-IDagnetlc railway brake, impr . . * I I I . propeller. suggestions for improvement . . . . . 299 El ectro-IDagnAtic railway brake, Wilke.*411 Engine, pumping. Corliss. for Pawtucket . * 1 8 3 Electro-magnetism a s a prime mover . . . . . 3 ... 9 Eugine, railway ( see Locomotive). Electro-magnet8 and induction coils. improve- Enl!;lne, steam. six cyUndered, West·s. . . . . . . * 5 9

ments in, by l'rof. John Trowbridge . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Engine, sun. Mouchot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 '2' Electro-magnets, descriptions and illustrations Engine, thermodynamic G anIgee·s . . . . . . . . *28 1

of the principal forms of the apparatus that have Engine, traction. agricUlture. Fowler . . . . . . . * 8 8 hitherto been devised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 2 Engine, tractiol}J.steam, Robey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·lt 6

Electro-maula, by W. Mattieu Williams . . . 344 Engine, water, w igzell and Pollit's . . . . . . . . *2'2'0 Electro-metallurgy. A valuable technical Engine, winding. portable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 4

paper, giving detailed directions for dOing all Engineering, American. as illustrated b;r the kinds of electroplating. also describing the pro- American SOCIety of Civil Engineers at the Paris cesses of electrotyping and stereotyping . . . * 3 1 0 Exhibition of 1878. Compiled by George S. Morl-

Electro-IDetallurgy, photo, by W. Watts. son, Edward C. North. and John Bogart, com-220 mit�ee.

ElectroIDeter, capillary. C1averle's . . . . . . . *4 1 3 I. Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 '2' Electrometer, capillary. Debrun's . . . . , . . . * 240 II., III. Bridge superstructure . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 , 1 8 9 Electrometer, quadrant. Edelmann's . . . . . *42 1 IV. Hydra11l1cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 3 Electrometer, quadrant. Thomson's . . . . , . * 3 7 '2' V. Internal navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 99 Electrometer, quadrant. Thomson's . . . . . * 4 2 3 VI. Railroad roJ1ing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 3 Electrometer, refiection, Mascart's . . . . . . . * 2 ... 8 VII. Rivers and harbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Electrometer, registering, Mascart's . . . . . * 3 9 8 VIII. Gas engineerin/f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *206 Electrometer, Rne-, Melsens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Engineering and artIllery experiments in Eng-Electrometer, Zinger's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *421 land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . * ... 9 ElectroIDeters, capillary. descriptions and fig- Engineering and science. by W. R. Browne.

ures of severaI Rinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 3 4 1 '2' Electromotive force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 0 Engineering, civil. training for students in, by Electromotive force. resistance, and current, Geo. L. Vose. An interesting and valuable

by J. T. Sprague. A valuable paper, showing paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 8 what physical realities underlie the terms and Engineering experiences in Northwestern Wis-formulffi used by electricians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l '2' 8 consin in making a railroad survey. by F. W. D.

ElectroIDotlve changes produced by light. by Holbrook . . . . , . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Prof. Dewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Engineering m AmerIca. abstract of a paper by

Electro-motor, Chutaux's . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 Mr. O. Uhanute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9 Electro-motor, Elias' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 ... Engineering in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 Electrophone, Maiche's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 ... '2' Engineering, marine. and shipbuilding on the Electrophorus, a simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '2' 1 Olyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Elec�ro�lating baths. compound. Thenard's in- Engine«;lrlng, mechanical developments of in

vestIgatlOns on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2' '2' every dIrection i n the last half century ; an ad-Electroplating, cobalt. process of, by I. Adams. dress by Sit' Frederick Bramwell. F.R.S., before

1 3 the British Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 Elec�rostatlc machine and recharger. Hum- Engineerln�, mechanical. our Jlrogress in ; a�-

blot s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 9 dress by Prof. R. H. Thurston, before the AmerI-Electrotype method for photo-reliefs . . . . . . . 4 1 8 can Society of Mechanical Engineers . . . . . . . . 308 Electrotype plates from drawings. how to make. Engineering, mechanical. progress of, address

by J ose .) " ilrown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 by Prof. It. H. Thurston. A valuable and inter-Electrotypcs, how to take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 esting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 4 Electrotypes of iron. solution for . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Engineering, popular fallacies i n . a n d h o w to Electrotyping non-conducting materials, new meet them ; an address before the graduating

process for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2�4 class of Stevens Instit. by Henry Morton .. . . . 2 3 6 Elemeuts, nature of, b y J. N. Lockyer . . . . . . 1 69 Englneerlnll;, telegraphic. American. progress Elephant, a notable ; removal of J umbo from of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 1

London to New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . * 3 2 8 Engineering works, recent important, in Elephant, autopsy of. by A. J. Howe, M.D . 1 8 6 bridges, viaducts, tunnels. canals, dockyar ds Elcphant battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *234 railways. lighthouses, etc . • by J. Brunlees . . . 3 '2' 3 Elephant, birth of. b y G . E. Sussdorlf. M.D.

. Englneerst English, and American brldges . . l "' 3 * 3 4 3 Engines, blOwing (see Blowing).

Elephant, head of. structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 '2' Engines, carding. Klein's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '2' 8 Elephant, white, Barnum's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 '2' Engines, compound\ of steamer Britannic . . * ... 1 Elephant's milk, composition of. by Dr. C. A Engines, compresse<!- air. by J. Y0l!ng: . . . . . * 3 09

Doremus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 8 Eng"lnes (for engravmgs and deSCrIptIOns of the Elephants, utilization of in Brit. Burmah.*404 en/!,ines of many large and splendid steamers, see Elevating apparatus at Brlancon . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 0 heading of Steam engines) . Elevator n, central, for grain. St. Louis . . . . * '2'9 Engines for rolling niiIIs. Davey·s . . . . . , . . . . * 3 9 1 Elevator, cyclic, Hart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 ... 3 E . . glnes, gas. Gilles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 4 Elevator, grain, American. i n London . . . . . * 2 2 0 Eugines, gas, improved. Cropper's . . . . . . . . . . * 9 ... Elevator, grain, Behrns and Anruth·s . . . . . *299 Engines, gas (see Gas engines) . Elevator. grain, pneumatic. improved . . . . * 1 3 3 Engines, high-pressure, causes of knocking in, Elevator, grain, Poulson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 1 by J oshua Rose. A valuable paper . . . . . . * 1 , *2 Elevator, grain. Rennie's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 3 1 Engines, marine. governors for . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Elevator, grain. the American system of . . . . 3 8 1 Engines of steamer La Normandie . . . . . . . . . *402 Elevator, grain. the Watson plan of . . . . . . . * 3 8 9 Engines of the Gallia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *202 Elevator, hydraulic, for canaIs . . . . . . . . . . . *334 Engines, passenger, fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 1 Elevator, bydraulic, Tangye's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 6 Engines, pumping. of the Lawrence. Mass . • E1evatC!r, passenger and vehicle. of the new waterworks . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66

stea . " ferry. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 '2' Engines, pumpIng. of LehIgh Zinc Works .. * 3 � Elevator, passenger. for dwellings, Potter's. Engines, pumping (see Pl1IDping engines).

* 1 0 Engines, steam. revolving cylinder, description E1evator, pneumatic. mountain railway . . * 2 '2' 6 oJ various systems of . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 1 Eievlltor truck, Potrot·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 1 Engines, steam (see Steam engines). Etevator, twin stairs and light-shaft. by Samuel Engleth�alte, .near Carlisle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 0 \ i r . • y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 English mdustrIes and American competition. Elevators and motors, hydraulic. by B. F. Jones. . 1 3 9, 1 42

392 Engraving, chemigraphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '2' 0 Ellquatlon o f alloys, lt n interesting account of Engraving machine. electrlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 ... 3

80."e jJuenomen!1 connected :with different alloys Engraving machine pantograph. Hope Co. . 29 of lead and antImony used m the manufacture Engraving, photo-eiectro . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 of printing types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 '2' Engraving, photo-mezzotint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'4

Ellipse, a newly discovered property of, and its Engraving, photographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ... 8 ai'i'hIJation to the oval chuck. by F. M. Leavitt. Engraving photographic, in half-tones . . . . * 4 1

* 2 '2' 2 En"ravlngs, old, how to clean . . . . . . . . 1 1 "' , 1 2 4 Ellipses, compasses for drawing . . . . . . . . . . . *40 ... E�aVi llgS, steel, sOiled

hhow to restore . . . 44

E;ll��'J �liii'��c:��. �.�� . . ��i�4 �K E G. �E-;��:O�� .��: .� . �.��. ��. �.��c.��i��

E� .. k��;:��}��,.��.�� .��. ��';l ... � E��r;A�:. ?� .��.��: .��.�� .�?d ��'. �I ... oa Embalming, Tranchina's'method of . . . . . . . . ... 1 Enlarging on argentic paper and opals. by A. E..,...bos�l�g machines for wearing appare!, Gooda! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 '"

:stemlelll s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1> Ensilage, a chemical VIew of, by H. P. Arms-Embrasures and guns. mechamsm for, Gru- by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

"Oil 'S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *408 EnsUage by W. I. Chamberlain . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Emery and corundum wheels for grinding and Ensilage, by O. B. Potter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

surfacing metals and other materials. by A. H . E .. sl 1 age fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Bateman, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12'" Ensilage in nature ; the stomach of a ruminant a

Emery grinder. Bollman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 1 silo in miniature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 EIDery b'Tinder, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '2' Ensoumage appar., for making perfumes. * 2 8 8

Entozoa, abnormal, in man. by Rev. Samuel Lockwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 '2'4

Entozoa, or internal worms . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 8 Eosine, applications of i n dyeing . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 Eoslnei its properties and applications . . . . . . 1 4 Eplcyc oldal and involute teeth for inside

Eyes, right and left, relative amount of work E�� e' care' of:beiiii ·.questions· sutiiiitte�9

t� Dr. H. G. LOring, Jr., by the N ew York Medico-Legal Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2' 3

F gear, forms of, by Prof. C. W. MacCord . . . . * 2 9 1 Equatorial stand. simple. for telescope, how to

make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '2' 8 Fabrics, apparatus for hot pressing . . . . . . . * 224 Equato�al, simple. how to make. by E. Lasant. Fabrlcs, color designs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 1

*29 1 Fabrics, detection of silk, wool. linen, and cot-�'U!!

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of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 coloring matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 6 EE

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6 ! Fabrics, dyed, metallic gloss for, recipe . . . . . 3 3 rI. - ... Fabrics, finishing, machines for, French . . *2 ... 3

Esparto grass of Tunis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 Fabrics, machine for beating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 4 Etching on glass, bath for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 F .. brlcs. Oriental style as applied to. A valuable Ether spray for neuralgia. by Dr. MCCOlgana

3n" " paper for designers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 ... 1 , * 1 ... ... "... Fabrics, Oriental style as appUed to. illustrated

Etherlc force. test experiments as to the identity with numerous designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 4 of with induced electricity. by Profs. Houston FabriCS, recipes ior making fireproof . . . . . . . 24 ... and Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 I F�brlcs, strength of. dynamometer for measur-

Etherspheres as a fI61'a cau8'J of natural ph.l- mg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '2' 8 osophy, by Rev. S. Earnshaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 '2' Fabrics, test for the dye of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 '2'

Ethyl bromide. a new aDlllsthetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Fabrics, textile, how to ornament with figures Etnal eruption of, March 20, 1883 . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 8 of natural leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Eucalyptus globulus, by Consul J. WiIson .. 298 Fabrlc.s, textile, tanning liquor for, recipe . . . 39 Eucalyptus, oil and soap from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 '" Fabrics, woven. manufacture of by the systems Eucalyptus trees. characteristics, cultivatIOn, of Scott and Edelston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 8

and economic value Ofl by" E. L. BaKer . . . . . . 3 '2' 8 Facade of Belgian section at Paris Exhib . . * I "' O Euthanasia, natural. oy Dr. B. W. Richardson. I Facade of Spanish Section at Paris Ex . . . . *1 ... 3

1 "' 1 Face in shadowi by W. Heighway . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 9 Evaporating apparat. 1?erre and Quide�·s . . 3 8 8 Face paintin!l" ; he I).c�or's art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 '" Evaporation, econonucal apparatus for, PIC- I Falling motIOn, orIgm of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

carol's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 '2' , *2 ... 0 Falls of St. Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 6 Everlasting fiowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 66 Fan-brake for railways. improved . . . . . . . . * 3 9 6 Every man his own sensitive plate maker . . * 2 '2' 2 Fan, new, Capel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 0 Evo ution and human anatomy; a paper by Fanning mill elevator. and weighing machine.

Stanford E. Chaille. A.M .• M.D., pointing out the English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 ... 6 numerous indelIble marks of man's lowly origin Fans, efficiency of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 60 that are to be found in some of the neglected Fare-rcgister, novel, Johnson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 deIJartments of anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 68 Farm buildings, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 8

Evolutlon'-�octrlne of. abstract of a paper by I Farm, model, in Normandy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ... 0 Prof. E. S. JIIlorse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 Farms, small, well-tilled. possibilities of . . . . 90

Evolution, theory of. abstract of three lectures , Farming, English vs. American . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 9 b y Prof. Huxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 , 42, 44 Farming. how to make i t pay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

EXcavation., subaqueous ; driving piles or mak- Farming in Southwestern Minnesota, the sLiI. ill( solid foundations in quicksands or unstable tools used, in�tructions, costs of working th� SOlIs. by Chas. Pontez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 '2' land, wr ges, clImate. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22"

Excavating apparat. Bruce and Batho's . . *332 Farming. :southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 8 Excavating apparatus. odorless . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 62 Farm Law. A valuable paper by Hon. Edmund Excavating machine. steam, Dunbar and Rus- H. Bennett. How to buy a farm. How far the

ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 '2' farm extends. What a deed o f a farm includes. Excavating machine. steam, Ruston, Proctor & Rights in the road. As to farm fences. Im-

Co. 's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 8 pounding cattle. :Farmer's liability for his ani-Excavator for sinking cylinder foundations. mals. Dogs. Water rights and drainage. Tres-

Diack's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 03 passing on the farm. Hiring help. Liabilitr for Excavator, Reeves· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 02 employes. About tIres. W ays over the farm . Excavator, steam. new. Chaplin & Co.'s . . . . * 64 Warrant of seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66,. 1 '2'4 Excavator, submarine. Bazin's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 ... 4 Fast, Dr. Tanner's. history of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -Ii 244 Excavators at Calais Harbor, Couvreux's . *238 Fast, forty days, of Dr. Tanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Exercises, systematic. value of in the preven- Fat in animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ...

tion of disease, by Edward T. Tibbits. M.D. A Fats, glycerine, oils, etc.; their separation. A highly important and valuable paper . . 1 ... 0,. 1 ... 2 paper containin!!, a large amount of information

Exhaust chamber. new for locomotives . . * 1 4 1 concerning the mdustries relating to these pro-Exhauster and blower. Brakell's . . . . . . . . . . . . * ... 3 ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 '2' 8 Exhibition, Brussels. pernmnent. purposes of. Fauna, Eocene, of Southern Patagonia . . . . . '1, 2 ...

*226 Favre, Louis, constructor of St. Gothard Tunnel. Exhibition, Centennial, British official reports An account of his labors, with portrait . . . * 36 ...

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Fear, morbid. as a symptom of nervous disease, Exhibition, Centennial. list of Judges, Ameri- by G. M. Beard, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 4

can and foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 Feather dy"eing, hints on. by Paul Alex . . . . . 2 ... ... Exhibition, Fisheries. London . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 2 Feathers, how to bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 Exhibition Internat., Buenos Ayres . . . * 305 Feathers, ostrich , how to bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 2 Exhibition, International, a t Nice . . . . . . . . * 3 9 ... Feathers, recipes for dyeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Exhibition. International, Melbourne . . . . *2 2 1 Feed apparatus, automatic. for steam boilers, Exhibition, International. N. S. Wales . . . * I '2'O Fromentm's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 244 Exhib�tlon, . Melbourne. 1880-81, awards to Feed apparatus for boilers, Lethu�llier's. * � '2' 5

AmerIcan exhIbitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 '2' Feeding by the nose, apparatus for, Newmg-Exhibition, Mining an d Indust., Denver . * 3 3 0 ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 66 Exhibition, Naval and Submarine, London, two Feed-",ater, a new magnesia process for . . . 1 ... 4

full-page illustrations of various interesting ap- Feed-",ater apparatus, auto., Oohnfeld's .. * 1 92 paratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 '" Feed-",ater neater, simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9

Exhibition o f Electricity. Vienna . . . . . . . . . * 408 Feed-",ater heater and llurlfier. Strong's.* 3 63 Exhibition of Electricity, International Paris, Feed-",ater heater, Atkinson's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 1

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 00, 3 0 1 Feed-",ater heater, Carvalho's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 Exhibition, Paris, a n impressionist a t the. An Feed-",ater heater, Martin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * I ... 8

interesting series of notes and observations on Feed-",ater heater, Northcott's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 some of the more interesting exhibits . 1 49, 1 ... 0 Feed-",ater heaters at the Centennial . . . . . . * 1 6

Exhib�tlon, Paris, award of prizes in the Feed-",ater,. heating of, by f . �aug . . . . .. '2'6, 90 AmerIcan DeJlartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49, 1 "' 0 Feed-",ater mjectors, deSCrIptIOns and Illustra-

Exhibition Paris list of jurors who repre- tions of the varlous systems in use . . . . . . . . . * 3 ... 6 sented the irnited States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 Feed-",ater, purification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 3

Exhibition, Sanitary. Internat'l. London. *2 9 8 Feed-",ater pump and regulator, Gauchot's. Exhibition, Swiss, at Zurich . . . . . . . . * 3 9 "' , 409 . * 4 0 '7 Exodus, buried city o f the. An account o f the Feet, bad odor from, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ... '2'

recent excavations and discoverIes of Pithom Feet, graphical method as applied to the study of. Succoth in Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . * 401 3 ... 1

Expedition, Challenger, general results of . . 32 Feldspar, common, or orthoclase . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'2 Explosion as an unknown tIre hazard . . . . . . . 288 Feldspar, the species and characteristics of. 347 Explosive bodies and mixtures, by Charles Jiice. Felons, remedy for, by T. C. Brannon. M.D . �43

A comprehensive and valuable paper . . . . . . . . 1 4 6 Felt, how to dye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Exploding machine, electric. for mining . . * 3 1 9 Felt. how to dye scarlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 1 Explosions from co�bustible dust . . . . . . . . * 1 66 Fenestratl�n, sci�ntific: An investigation �f Explosions by freezmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 ... 1 the proper forms. dimenSIons. number. and POSI-Explosive combinations in pharmacy . . . . . . . 3 0 0 tions of windows for buildings for " arious pur-Explosive compounds. by, Sir Frederick Abel. poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

An interesting account of the changes that have Fences and house-trimmings, ornamental. sug-been introduced into the manufacture of gun- gestions for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 68 powder and other explosives in recent times. Fences. slate, how to construct . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 0

406, 40'2' Fermentation ; abstract of a paper by Dr. A. P. Explosive mixtures of coal-gas and airA oy W. Aitken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2' 6

}'oster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243, 24 ... Fermentation, tIre risks of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '2' 6 Ex;ploslves containing nitroglycerine, analysis Fern, basket, miniature OdontogloS8um . . * 3 9 '"

of, b y F . Hess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 2 Ferns, how to grow i n glass cases . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ... Explosives for blasting. modern . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 '2' Ferns of the PacitIc coast. by Mrs. S. A. P. Lem-Explosives, measuring the force of by photo- mon . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 3

graphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 Ferryboat, twm-screw. Mersey ferrles.� . . * 3 4 8 Exposure and development, simultaneous. . 9 '2' Ferryboat, Loftus Perkins ; description, with Extraction apparatus, automatic. Julhe's. for three full-page engravings. showing details of

fluid extracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 ... machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 '2' Extrdetlon appar. continuous). Weigelt . . . *292 Ferryboat Solano, Central Pacific R.lt. . . . . * 3 99 Extractor for dyewoods. etc., I::ichorm's . . . * 3 7 3 Ferryboats, steam, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *299 Extracts, preparation or, witnout heat. by Prof. Ferry system, Robert Fulton's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 99

A. Herrera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Fertilizer, road washings as . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . 290 Eye as an aid int.hotometry . . . . . . . . *408, *409 Fertilizers, application of to roots . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Eye, cataract 0 • mode of operating for. by A . Fertilizers for corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66

I.Jhevalier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 9 Fertilizers, home-made, by H. Reynolds . . . 3 '2' 8 Eye, defects of. and the use of spectacles for, by Fertilizers, how made at Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6

Dr. D . S . Reynolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . 1 43 Fertilizers, manufacture of from sewage . . 39 '2' Eye, how to remove foreign bodies from. by Prof. Fertilizers, tree leaves as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0

Dugas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Fertilizers, valuable formulas for making . 1 3 2 Eye, how to extract particles o f metal from. Fever, constant bath treatment of . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ... 2

* 1 4 '2' Fever, hay, and asthma. A lecture by Prof. Eye, human. from a photographer's point of Alonzo .Clark • . M.D . . . . : . . . . . . . : . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

view by D. G. Thompson, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'" Fever, mtermIttent. pIlocarpm m, by Dr. Gas-Eye, paralysis of the muscles of, treatment of, par Griswold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 1

b y Prof. J. Michel . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22 Fever, marsh, sulPPli-r as a prophylactic of . . 3 5 8 Eye, removing steel from WIth magnets . . . . . . 2 3 2 Fever, scarlet. a chmcal lecture by Alonzo Clark, Eye-gla

. ssest interesting facts concerning . . . 3 8 6 M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9

Eye-l'leces ror microscopes. improved. by J. H. Fever, scarlet. fresh air for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Wythe, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 0 Fever, scarlet, suggestions for preventing th e

Eye-pieces for telesco�s and micros�opes, a spread of . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '2'2 paper by G. D. Hiscox, Illustrating vaI?Ious ap- Fever, typhOl?l by Austm Flll:t�, M.D . . . . . . . . 2 ... 1 proved forms of eye-pieces and giving formulas Fever, typhOId. curability of m the prodromal for constructing and tables'of powers . . . . . . * 3 9 9 . stage . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1l! 0

Eye-pieces for telescopes. impr., Nystrom's. * '2' Fever, typhOId. cold water m, by Dr. J. W. KIb-Eye-pieces, powers of. how to make an instru- bee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '2' 1

ment to gauge . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 ... Fever, typhoid. diagnosis and hygiene of. by Dr. Eye, powers of and instrumentation by Dr. E. Hocnneimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Royston-Pigott : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . 4 9 Fever, typhoid, Dr. Rothe's antiseptic method of Eyesight, art of preservin!!" by Arthur Cheva- treating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ... 1

lier. A plain, comprehenSIVe treatise. explain- Fever, typhoid, from well water, by Dr. J . A. ing the anatomy of the eye ; the phenomena of Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 vision, and the refiection, refraction, and. disper- Fever. typhoid, !t�w to tre8;t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 sion of llght ; the ophthalmoscope and Its use ; Fever, typhOId, I S I t contagIOUS. by Dr. T. J . Mac-diseases of the eye and treatment ; colored lagan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20'2' glasses andtheir use ; 'hygiene of the eye ; care for Fever, typhoid, treatment of, by Dr. A. L. the eyes of children and infants : instructions to Loomis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 the aged ; extraction of foreign bodies from the Fever, yellow, infectious nature of, by Dr. J . J. eye ; eyewashes and their composition. and di- L. Donnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 rections for their application . . . . * 1 2 "' , * 1 2 '2' , Fever, yellow, its origin, propagation. and treat-

* 1 30, * 1 3 6 , * 1 39 , * 1 42, * 1 44, * 1 4 '2' ment. by Dr. A. Stillii. A valuable paper . . . 1 9 0 Eyes, emmetropio and ametrc;>pic, some p<?ints in Fever, yellow, microscopical observations, by

the management of asthenopIC symptoms III ; two Dr. J. B. Marvm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 valuable lectures b y 0 . . D . Pomeroy, M.D . . . 2 5 ... Fever, yellow nature o f poison, and prevention,

Eyes, hygiene of, advice on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 '2' bv Dr. H. D. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Eyes of SCience-telescopic. microscopic, spectra- Fiber plants of India, their cultivation, prepara-

scopic, and photographic. by R. A. Proctor . . . 3 0 '" tion. and uses. by J. W. Minchin. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40'2'

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. 'PBLOE :l.O OENTS EA OH NUMBEB. MUNN d; 00., 861. BBOA D WA Y, NEW YOBK. - IN OBDEBING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMBEBS.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 371

Fiber, vulcanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Fi bers, animal, characteristics of . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Fibers, cotton, ell'ect of the drawing and carditlg

processes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300 Fibers, texti'le, under the microscope. Illustra

tions, by highly magnified figures, of the distinctive characteristics of the leading textile fibers-silk, wool, and cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*292

Fibers, vegetable, action of reagents on . . . 1 52 Fibers, vegetable, action of reagents on . . . . . 1 59 Fibrous materials, apparatus for conditioning,

Hirzel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 Field·glass, photographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *332 Fig culture at the north ; a new Industry . . 1 7 1 Fi� culture in Tu"key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Filaria disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 8 Filarla in the eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *168 , 1 69 Filaria sanguinis hominis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 FI ·e·holdlng appliances, by Joshua Hose . . * 1 1 Fil e sharpener, sand blast, Tilghman's . . . *416 Files, American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 Files vs. emery wheels and milling tools. by

Joshua Rose. Practical suggestions on proper use of the emery wheel, milling tools, bull' wheel, files, etc., and grades and character of work to which each should be applied. Best methods for hard metal work, saw filing, roughing down, trimming of castings, cylindrical work, etc. . 63

Filllls, liquid, Plateau's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 1 60 Filter. automatic, Robinson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-426 Filter; carbon, siphon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *262 Filter, centrifugal, Autier and Allaire's . . . . . -1(-29 Filter, cheap and efficient, for industrial workS,

how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-404 Filter, gelatine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 7 Filter, intermittent, Denton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *56 Filter, rapid, Mailmen's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *215 Filter, rotary, Perret's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *67 Filter, self-regulating, for photographers . -I(- 1 8 7 Filter, self-regulating, for silver baths . . . . * 1 8 7 Fi lter, sponge, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X'343 Filter, sponge, Perret's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-426 Filter, universal, Platt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(' 1 62 Fil tering and percolating stand, new . . . . . -1(- 109 Filtering and purifying water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Filtering apparatus, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 168 Filtering apparatns, Farquhar and Oldham,

*276, *291 Filtering app. for viscid liquids, Elsden's . . *293 Filtering apparatus, rapid, simple . . . . . . . . . *28 1 Filtering apparatus, Schuricht's . . . . . . . . . . *421 Filtering cistern'b Moscucci's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *145 Filtering press, igh pressure, Bertilil-�0:tl� Filtering press, hydraulic, for treating oleagin-

ous seeds, Laurent and Collot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('3 5 8 Filter·press for retaining the most finely

divided precipitates, by J. E. Foakes . . . . . . -*391 Filter·press, twisting, Gigot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-293 Filter·press, Von Gross-Klanin's . . . . . . . . . *337 FlIters, asbestos, by P . Casamajor . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Filters, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *225 Filters, improved, self-cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . * 11 0 Filter .. , silicated carbon and spongy iron . . . 1 6 5 Filters, water, the utility of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Filth diseases in rural districts, by Dr. A. L.

Carroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Filtration, rapid, of the carbon in cast iron and

steel analyses, device for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *216 FIltration, facts concern'g, by C . Symes. *395 Finger rlugs, gimmal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *43 Firearllls, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 Firearllls, recoil motion, appar., to study.*269 Firearllls, small, manufacture of near Birming-ham. England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Firebars, chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *244 I<'irebar. rocking. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 129 Fire blight on fruit trees, by T. J. Burrill . . 2 58 Firebox, Kaselowsky's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X- 59 Firebox, locomotive. Pennsylvania R. H _ . . . *21 Flre·brick and terra cotta, how made, by A. McL. Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Flre·dalllp, apparatus for measuring . . . . . * 192 Fire·dlllllp detecter, acoustical, Forbcs' .-I(-200 Fire·dalllp explosion, improved apparatus for preventing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*305

Fire·dalllp in mines, apparatus for the detec-tion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *255

Flre·dalllp photollleter, Liveing's . . . . . . -I(-�53 Fire departlllent, New York, celerity of.*28 1 Fire engine, Gould's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27 Fire engine, steam. English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *371 F!re escape, folding, Schwieger's . . . . . . . . . . *390 Fire engine pump, Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *120 Fire engine, steam, Flaud and Cohendet's. -1(-3 64 FiFe engine, tug. and dredger combined . -I(·204 Fire engineer, the architect, and the under-

writer, an address by Edward Atkinsoq. A val-uable naper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Fire engines, how to get large streams '�205fi Fire extinguisher and alarm, automatic. Max-

im·� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *350 Fire extinguisher, automatic. Grinnell·s . 4 10 Fire extinguisher, Fawcett's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 420 .Flre extinguisher. history of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58 Fire extingulshlllent, progrcss i n . . . . . . . . 248 Firegrate, smoke-consuming, . . Glow " . . . . *323 Fire�rate, revolving. Barber's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * .54 Fire nazard, explosion as an unknown . . . . . 288 Fire, how to prevent the rapid spread o f . . . . . 205 Fire, how produced among savage tribes . . . *392 Fire, remarkable, caused by lightning . . . . . . . 1 8 7 Fire risks of malting, fermentation, sizing, and

dyein!l," . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Fireplace. ventilating, improved . . . . . _ . . . * 1 1 0 FireprooC bulldings}_ suggestions for con-

structing, by Isaac P. Noyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 FireprooC constructiou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *86 Fi1"'eprooC construction, by F . Schumann, C . E.:

a v3 1uable practical paper . . . . . . . . * 1 37, *138 FireprooC construction, by N . H. Hutton . . . 10 FlreprooC construction, by R . G . Hatfield . . 198 FireprooC doorinll:, plan for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 FlreprooCfi . . Ish for fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 FireprooChouses, cheal? ; description of mode;

fire-proof houses erected III Chicago . . . . . . . . . -*9 1 FireprooC paper and ink for documents . . . 1 5 8 FireprooC tissues, especially curtains, ball

dresses. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 FireprooC tow-ns of the River Plate . . . . . . . 389 FirepullIp, steam, and fire extinguisher, Hemp-tinne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *327

Fires, carbonic acid gas as an extinguisher of. 65 Fires, colored, for parlor theatricals. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7

Fires, colored, used in pyrotechny, recipes for, by S. Kern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Fires, recent, and their lessons to fire depart-ments and builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Fire·screens in enameled sheet iron . . . . . . * 103 Fire-screens, ornamental, how to make . . *3 1 8 Fire, smouldering, and spontaneous ignition :

notes on some unconsidered causes of fires . . 227 Flrew-ork formuloo ; colored lights ; colored

stars for rockets : rocket composition ; composi-tion for pin-wheels ; 34 recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7

Firew-orks, how made ; general description of . process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209 Fireworks, Japanese, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 Fish culture. A practical paper, by G. Fennel. giving full directions for the construction of apparatus for breeding trout and salmon, for taking the eggs from the fish, impregnating them, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 12

Flsh·hatchlug apparatus, imp., Wilmot's . . *40 Fish·hatching apparatus, St. George's . . *410 Fish, living, apparatus for transporting, Hain-

mer'e's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 FI"h, plaster casts of, how to make . . . . . . . . . . 126 Fish p('nd, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *240 Fish, relative value of as food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Fish, transparent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *250 Fisheries Exhibition, International. Berlin, ex-

hibi' s at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236. *240 Fisheries Exhibition. London. 1883 . . *38 5,. 393 FI"heries Exhib . • London, U.S. exhibit at . *412 Fisheries of Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72 Fisheries, Spanish. at Fisheries Exhibition . 421 Fishes, eye-like spots in , by F. J. Bell . . . . . . *301

Fishes. odd. at the Fisheries Exhibition . . . *413 Fishing boats at the Berlin Fisheries Exhi��41 Fishing gear, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Fistula in ano, new method of treatment, by Dr.

I. J . Sugg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 75 Flttlng·blocks, cast iron, for boilers, strength

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Flag, American, historical notes o n . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 Flallle, sensitive, apparatus for ordinary gas F¥��u�l;';os;ty' of: 'by' Dr: w: Sie�e;';s::. ·.;n Flallle, temperature of, by F. Rossetti . . . . . . . 147 Fi��:il()��:r.��. ��.�� .��.

i�. �� . ��3�b Flallles, sensitive, effect of Inaudible vibrations

upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Flanging llIachlne, hydraulic, for boiler mak-

ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . *300 Flannel, electric, ·for rheumatism . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Flask, sulph. of iron, for photographers . . . *425 Flax and jute card and how it is made . . . . . * 1 4 5 Flax as a carrier of disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Flax doubling, improvement in . . . . . . . . . . . . . *367 Flesh and fat producers for cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Fleuss' new diving dress, by which a diver is en-

ab;ed to remain under water for hours . . . . *230 FUght and its imitation, by F. W. Brearey . . 207 Floating dock, Lauria's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Floats for docking ships and raising sunken ves-

sels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 30 Flocking llIachine for yarn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 37 Flooring, concrete . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 8 Flooring, fire-proof, Cozens-Hardy's . . . . . . . . 82 Flooring, fire-proof. plan for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 Floors, best, for stables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Floors for horse stables, best materials for . . 308 Floors, how to construct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30 Floors, vaulted, mod� of constructing . ... . . . *46 Flora of New Caledoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Flora of North America, geological history of.

by Dr. J. S. Newberry. A verY interesting and valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Floral design, suggestions in. by F. "';dward Hulme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5, * 1 8" -1(-28, *34

Florida, Gulf Coast of, as a residence tor in-valids. by R. J. Levis, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *371

Flounder, eyes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . 7 1 Flonr, analysis of ; description o f a simple

method by means of which any one can easily ascertain for himself the food value of any sam-ple of flour. by Dr. A. T. Cuzner . . . . . . . . . . . . *414

Flonr and bread, improved process for the de-tel'tion of alum in, by A. W. Blyth . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Flonr dressing. machine, Victor . . . . . . . . . * 1 73 Flour, fancy middlings. process of making. . 1 3 Flonr from sprouted wheat, how to detect . . 422 Flour grindlnO', high, Austro-Hungarian : 'the

Buda-Pesth mil'i's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9, -1(- 137 Flour llIaklng, cost of power i n . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Flour, microscopical examination of ; a method

by wliich the fibers can be readily isolated. by Chr. Steenbuch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Flonr mill, disintegrating, Carr . . . . . . . , . . . -1(, 1 5 7 Flonr mill, extensive, at Malters, SWitzerland :

full details of arrangement, with plans and sec-tional elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *412

F lour mill machinery, cost and depreciation of. by A. J. Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Flonr mill, Niagara Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 56 Flour mill, Oliver Evans', of 1783 . . . . . . . . . . . * 163 Flour mill. porcelain cylinder, Wegmann . . *377 Flour mill, roller, St. PauL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *347 Flour mill. Washburn . . A" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*246 Flour mill. Washburn, explosion of, 1878 . . . * 1 33 Flour milling machmer,Y at the Paris Ex. * 1 73 Flonr milling, modern. 11l England, by Henry

Simon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Flour milling, new process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 Flour milling, new process, Jones' . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Flour milling, origin o f the new process of by Albert Hoppin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 5

Flour llIllls. American, needs of . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Flour mills. cxplosion of a t Minncapolis, cause, by S. F. Peckham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Flo nr mills, roller, by Oscar Ocxle, C.}, . . . . . . -1(-3 9 Flour mills, roller, Gauz's Mechwart's . . . * 166 Flour mills, the steam engine as a motive power

for, by J. F. Tallant, M.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Flour roller mills and milling as practiced at

Buda-Pesth. byW. B. Harding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Flonr trade. American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Flonr tester, or aleurometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Flonr, yield of, per horse power, by.H. F. well�7 Flow-er·pot stand in bronze, design for . . *55 Flow-er·pots and vases, turf, how t o make, by

A. D. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 Flow-ers and insects, geological antiquity of, by

Dr. J. E. Taylor. A valuable and interesting F¥��';;rs' a;,;.i 'insects; miitual reiation.8'of: : : : �� Flow-ers and their unbidden guests . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Flow-ers, artificial, luminous, how made . . * 1 86 Flow-ers, etc., how t o take copies of . . . . . . . . . 64 Flowers, coloring matter of, by Prof. J. B.

Schnetzler . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 87 Flow-ers, colors OI, by Grant Allen . . . . . . . . . . 326 Flow-ers, doublc. the production of . . . . . . . . . . 284 Flow-ers, fertilization of by humming birds.225 Flow-er .. , hardy, for midsummer, by William

Falconer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Flow-ers, objects of sex and odor in, by Thomas

Meehan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Flow-ers, sugar in the nectar of, by A. S . Wil-

son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 45 FInes, boiler. corrugated, I;'ox's . . . . . . . . . . . . *293 Fl nllles and their construction . . . . . . . . . . . . * 362 Flullles, lumber, of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 Flullles, lumber, mode of construction, etc . . 1 1 6 Fluorescence, the phenomena of, by E . H.

Hodges. An account of some of the more interesting and remarkable facts that have been learned in recent � ears in relfard to the phenomena of " internal dispersion,' along with historical notes on the earlier discoveries therein . . 25 5

Flnorlc acid. its preparation and use in glass en-graving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Flushing apparatus, intermittent, CI�m�� Flushing closet, automatiC, Adams' . . . . . *321 Flying llIachlne, new, LewIS' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 Flying machine. Simmonds' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Flying llIachines, a presentation of a few

truths that are constantly overlooked by expflri-menters on these apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Fly·w-heel accident, with drawings, showing the faulty construction of the fly-wheel ; the reasons for the breakage : with practical directions for the avoidance of such occurrences, by Joshua Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *30

Fly·w-heel accidents and their causes . . . . . . . 38 Fly·w-heels and pulleys, how to balance . . *221 Foalll, dried, how to prepare, by H. Brooks. * 3 00 Fodder corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 ;�:::r6l8��f;�a�� ·:

....... '. : : : : : : : : : : '. ':: . . :i8

Fog Signal, or siren�.�team, Brown's . . . . . . . *49 Fog signals, by J. H. wigham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1 Fog signals, acoustic, experience with . . . . . . . * 12 Food adulteration, laws of Wisconsin ag'st . . . 237 Food and energy of man. by Prof. De Chaumont.

F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Food anllllals, chemical composition of, by Sir

B. Lawes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Food, chemical investigation of value of . . . . 244 Food materials, recent modifications in the manu-

facture of, by J. W. Mallet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Food, new, for cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Food, physiology. and force, by Dr. E. L. Sturte

vant. An interesting paper presenting many valuable and instructive facts. Food a form of force ; the animal a product of force or forces : definition of "work ; " the amount of force de-rived from various articles of food . . . . . . . . . . . 1 86

Food preservation, Barll' process . . . . . . . . . . 3 32 Food prodncts, American, export o f t o Eng-land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99

Food products at Paris Exhib . . . . 145, 1 5 1 , 1 5 5 Food products in tin, American, analysis . . . . 246

Food, relation of to muscular work, by Dr. W. Furnace, blast, anthracite. Weimer's . . . . . *101 B. Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Furnace, blast. apparatus for charging, Weimer

Food, selection and preparation of, by Miss Ruth and Birkenbine's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 Smitn. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Fnrnace, boiler. chain fire-bars for . . . . . . . . *244

Food, thrift in relatIOn to, by Dr. B. W. Richard- Fnrnace, coal blast and petrol., Caldwell's . . . *8 son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229. Fnrnace, coke, Seibel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *381

Foods, adulteration of, from the report of Dr. Fnrnace, continuous. for gas distillation, FAr-Smart to the National Board of Health . . . . . . 271 cot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *226

Foods, cereal, microscop. examination of.-I(-328 Furnace, crucible, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 143 Foods, cost and comparative nutritive values Furnace, crucible, oscillating, Piat's . . . . . . *21 1

of. by A. L. Murdock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Fnrnace, crucible, portable. Piat's . . . . . . . . * 1 33 Food .. , curious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Furnace, crucible, repair of while in blast . . 34 Foods for the sick and their modes of prepara- Fnrnace, new, for decomposing salt with sul-

tion. by Dr. C. M. Seltzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 phuric acid, by H. C. Clapham, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2"0 Foot.brldge,Mancheste�,open contract for.-I(- 86 Furnace for burning refusc and street sweep-Foot·brldge over the RlVer Ness . . . . . . . . . . . *80 ings. Fryer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283, -11 362 Foot·w-arlllers, car, arrangement for hea�i

ln7g'6

Fnrnace for burn'g' sulphur, Hemptinne . . *327 .,.. Furnace for tempering steel. improved, Arm-

Forage plant. a valuable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 �trong'8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 1 3 Force·blast blowers, Roots' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *51 Fnrnace for the combustion of bituminous coal Force, transformation of, apparatus for demon- without smoke. Hoyt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *7 1

strating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Fnrnace for the combustion of refuse matter of Forces, parallelogram of, discussion on, by D. cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *191 P . Blackstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *85 Furnace, for gold and silver extraction, Fr

*Ylerl' Forearlll, a case of injury to, and recovery, by

Dr. M. Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Furnace, gas, Boetius' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 5 Forest trees, insect destroyers of, b y Mary E . Furnace, gas. Casson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38

Murtfeldt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 Furnace, gas. for refractory products . . . . . * 3 60 Forest trees of Canada, northern limits of . . *390 Fnrnace, gas, laboratory. Griffin·s . . . . . . . . . . -1(. 20

:g:::::'Y,,'nK�� P6'�i�:��c�nJirses: 'by D!�i� F:!�sn�c� . . g�se.s� . a�par

.atus

. . to

.dete

.r�i��9n3

D. Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Furnace gases, removal of noxious vapors . . 299 Forged checks, Sir Henry Bessemer's plan of Fnrnace, glass. IUchman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 1 3 7

color printing t o prevent the alteration of finan- Furnace grates, smokeless. Regan's . . . . . . . oj( 86 F

COiragl Pe

arp�rs," d'e' te" 'c't'I'o"n"o' f" 'b'y" 't'h'e" m" I:C' r' o"s'c'o' p"e

2, 2b7y

Fnrnace, new. for iron and steel, Lyttle's . . * 24 -I" Furnace, puddling, Abbott's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 140 Prof. J . H. Wythe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 8 Furnace, puddling. Casson-Dormoy . . . . . . . . ')1 25

Forgeries, photographic and otherwise, pro- Furnace, puddling, new. Middleton's . . . . . . . *33 teciion against. by John Spiller . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Furnace, puddling, retort, Price's . . . . . . . * 108

Forges, smithy. steam blower for, Korting.*39 Fnrnace, regenerating, Ponsard's . . . . . . . . . * 148 Forging hallllllers, and stamps, Longwo�h

8's6'

Fnrnace, shaft, for refining cast iron .. . . . . * 248 Furnace slag, some new uses of . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99

Forging mill, Saint Chamard ; general descrip- Furnace, smoke-consuming, Gowthorpe's.-I(·320 tion of the works, with plans, and illustrations Furnace, smoke-consuming. new . . . . . . . . . *424 of machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 Furnace, smoke-consuming, tests of a . . . . . . 228

Forgings, large, from the Krupp factory, at the Fnrnace, sulphide of carbon. J,abois' . . . . . -II 299 CentenniaL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Furnace·feeder, new. Smith's . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 1 3 8

Forts, armor plate, experiments o n at Shoebury- Furnace·feeder, Schultz's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('1 59 ness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*406 Fnrnaces, Bicheroux system of, applied to tbe

Fossil bones, an address to, in a private museum. puddling of iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *344 by J. S. Lippincott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Fnrn!,ces, blast, of Bethlehem, Pa. , Iron Works.

Fossil fields of Southern Oregon. by C. H. Stern- *93 berg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Fnrnaces, blast, of Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8

Fossil Cootprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Fnrnaces, blast. process of applying oxygenated Fossil Co rests of the volcanic Tertiary forma- air in, Horn bostel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 tions of the Yellowstone National Park, byW. H . Furnaces, blast. substitution in of liquid va for-Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 80 ized and gaseous hydrocarbons for solid fue , by

Fossil lovers, the ; Bret Harte's madrigal and C. Pflagge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(. 3 • Ann Gelica's reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Furnaces, boiler, combustion of coal in . . . . . 1 9 1 Fossils, age of, possible sources o f error i n com- Furnaces, combustion in. heated air for . . . . 1 07

puting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 48 Furnaces, crematory. Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . -II 264 Foundation, new, for Washington monument, Furnaces for rivet-heating, Bouchacourt anr!

construction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Delille's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(· 66 Fonndations, cylinder, excavator for sinking. Furnaces, foundry, portable. Piatt's . . . . . . * 1 80

Diack's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 103 Furnllces, gas, Bicheroux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 6, 84 Fonndations, new method of constructing. by Fnrnaces, gas generating, byF. Lurmann . *251

O . C. Matthews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 16 Fnrnaces, gas, new method of distributing Fonndations, pneumatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *218 flames in, Klattenholl" s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oj( 396 Foundations� submarine ; a description, with Fnrnaces, glass. and others. by C. Colne . . . 201

dimensions and scale drawings of the apparatus Fnrnaces, hot-blast stoves for, Cowper's . -11 235 employed at Polar Harbor, Austria . . . . . . . . . . *30 Fnrnaces, hydrocarbon. impr., Ramsden's . . . f. 8

Foundations, the various ;kinds of, and best Fnrnaces, ore, improved. Eames' . . . . . . . . . . . *4 5 way of dealing with them, by W. C. Street . . 323 Furnaces, regenerative, for gas retorts . . . -1('401

Foundry, prehistoric, at Bologna. . . . . . . . . . . 1 49 1 Furnaces, revolving, improved, Godfrey and Fonntain, bronze, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-400 Howson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 101 Fonntain, Circulating, Bourdon's ; instrument Furnaces, smoke-burning, by F . C . Smith.*420 for illustrating a law in hydrodynamics . . . -1(-389 Fnrnaces, steam boiler, for smoke prevention.

Fonntain for boiling wort, Pontifexand Wood's. by Jno. W. Hilll C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 *39 Furnaces, stee -melting, new, i n Hussia . . . . 1 22

Fonntain, Heron's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Furniture, Chippendale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 Fonntain, mural. in majolica. . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 Fnrnitnre, dining room, designs for . . . . . . . *342 Fourth state of matter, Prof. Gint!'s refutation Furniture, English, old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *422 of the hypothesis of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Fnrntrure, English. examples of . . . . . . . . . . *391

Fourth state of matter, theory, a refutation of. Furnitnre, home-made, or what may be done by Dr. J. Pulrig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 with a few sticks. Beautiful furniture from or-

Fow-ling·plece shot, velocity of, Mayer's expe- dinary materials. Two examples of fire screen, riments on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 book rack, card stand, stand or pedestal for stat-

Fractures of the leg, new apparatus for, by Dr. uary, plaques, etc. All easily made . . . . . . . -1('3 1 8 O . J. Croskery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-5 5 Fnrnitnre, parlor, cheap, designs for . . . . . *395

Fragrant w-oods, description of many . . . . . . 1 72 Fusing disk. Reese's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 260 Fralnew-orks, stresses in, graphic treatment of,

by R. H. Graham, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *402 G Franklin Search Expedition, American . . -I(-269 Franklin's place in science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Galenus, 9laudius. writing's of, by Dr. George Franz·JoseC Land. second voyage of the Eira Jackson Flsber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

to. by Mr. Leigh Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Galileo and the Inquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 73, 1 75 Freez!ng, explosions by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-251 Galley, Venetian, the Bucentaur . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 FreeZing llIlxtnres . . . . . . . . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Gallery of Victor Emmanuel at Milan . . . . . *314 Freezing mixtures, serviceable, recipes for . 89 Galleries of the Institute of Painters in Water Fresco painting, designs by A. Schill . . . . . . * 1 02 Colors. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Fresenius, Prof. Karl Remigius, the chemist. Gall·tly, rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *428

Biographical sketch and portrait . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 8 Galllulll. new metaL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Friction between tires and rails, diminution of. Gall!nlll, new metal, b.y L . d e Boisbaudran. 5

by D. McDowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 1 1 Galllnlll, new metal. discovery of . . . . . . . . . . . -1('27 Friction experilllents, first report on, by B . Galveston harbor, Texas, improvement of . . * 1 6

'l'ower . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Galvanl, Luigi. Brief biographical sketch, with Friction gearing, Goubct's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-337 engraving of the statue erected to him at Ro-Friction in solids and fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 logna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1( 224 Friction llIackine for producing hcat . . *2 71 Galvanic batteries, a description, with illustra-Friction lllatches asa cause o! fires . . . . . . . 353 tions, of nearly all of the dill'erent kinds in UEe, Friction, new investigation of one of the laws b:f G. M. Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 7, -1('1 58, -1(' 1 59

of, by A. S. Kimball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Galvanic batteries, descriptions of several new Fogs and their causes. by R. A. Proctor . . . . . . 1 7 3 forms-Slater's. Howell's, McCarty's, Ergstrom's, Frost, glazed, how produced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7':. and Gutensohn's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Frnlt enlture, the latest advances in . . . . . . . 165 Galvanic batteries, (see Batteries). Frnit essences, artificial, formuloo for making. Galvanic combinations, dill'erent, chemical by Prof. Maiscn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 96 energy and electro-motive force of, by Julius

Fruit evaporator. a good type of . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 Thomsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Frnit, how to keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Galvanlslll. medical uses of : abstract of a clini-Frnlt houses, notes on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 cal lecture by Prof. Henry G. Pill'ard, M.D . . 1 5 Frnit sirups, fourteen recipes for . . . . . . . . . 293 Galvanizing iron wire, zinc bath for . . . . . . . *34-Frnit sirups, recipes for, by 1;'. W. Neynaher. 23 Galvanizing, or the process of coating articles Frnit trees, barren, potash for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 with lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Frnit trees, newly set, how to prune . . . . . . * 109 Galvanizin� process for iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76 Fruit trees, trained. French exhibits of . . . . -1(- 1 32 Galvanization of iron. zinc bath for . . . . . -1(- 16 1 Fruits and vegetables grown i n Florida. }.>rofits Galvanollleter, aperiodic, new form of.

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Deprez's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *346 Fruits, how nature sweetens, by Dr. James R Galvanollleter, astatic, Deprez's . . . . . . . . . . *308

Nichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Galvanollleter, bifilar, Wiedemann's . . . . . *421 Fruits, cultivation of, useful hints on . . . . . . . 349 Galvanollleter, Deprez·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -II 241 Frnits, how to can and preserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Galvanollleter for demonstrating the internal Fruits preserved with sugar : valuable recipes for current transmitted through the liquid within a

marmalades or jams, fruit pastes, fruit jellies. voltaic cell. by C. W. Cooke. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('200 and compotes and brandied fruits, by J. W. Par- Galvanollletelj mirror. convenient arrange-kinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 ment of. by A . .1<'. Delafield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 126

Fruits, small, by W . D. Philbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Galvanollleter, or ampere-meter, solenoid, Fruits, small. culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Blyth's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 Fruit�" West Indian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Galvanollleter, Sabine's . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *361 Fry, Howard. railway engineer. Biographical Galvanollleter, simple, Dubois' . . . . . . . . . . . *371

sketch. with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *387 Galvanoscopel. the most sensitive, by Prof. E. Fuchsin in Bright's disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Von }'leischl. Description of the position. ap-Fneglans at the Jardin d'Acclimatation . . -*308 pearance, and general properties of the nerves Fnel, amount necessary to smf'lt ton of iron. 8 3 and muscles of a frog, and of some experiments Fuel, calorific power of ; and on Thompson's cal- that may be performed therewith . . . . . . . . . . *41 6

orimeter. by J. W. Thomas. 1;'.C.8 . . . . . . . . . . . 2 88 Galllgee's ammonia engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 1 Fuel, coal-dust, apparatus for burning . . . . . . *82 Gang llIil1, iron frame, Wickes' . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 Fuel, coal refuse, machine for making . . . . . *360 Ganarene, treatment of by hot water . . . . . . . 1 76 Fnel, comparative values of coal and gas as . 2 16 Gap!iathe, screw cutting, Thuillier's . . . . . . *375 Fnel, economy of, and prevention of smoke . 1 60 Garden, flower, color in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *427 Fuel, economy of in steam engines . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Gardens, by Peter Henderson. Valuable in-Fllel·Ceeders, McMillan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *319 struction for the cultivation of many kinds of Fuel, gas as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 75, 1 78 vegetables and small fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Fnel, gaseous, by L. T. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Gardens, floating, of Lake Srinagar, India.*28 7 Fnel, liquid, apparatus for burning, Leuts', Ar- Gardens, public, Victoria, London . . . . . . . . *305 temell" s, and Brandt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *403 Gas absorber, improved, Gore's . . . . . . . . . . * 128

Fuel, petroleum as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1 Gas analysis, Goodwin's method of . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Fnel, tan-bark, machine for making, Masson's. Gas, analysis of, apparatus for. Orsat's . . . . . * 2 5 0

*245 Gas and coal, comparative values of the fuel of Fuel, water gas as. by G. S. Dwight . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 the future ; curious speculations about the Fuels, liquid ; abst. of paper by H. Aydon . . 1 1 9 wastes of coal, by Geo. S. Dwight . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 'Fnels, liquid, for steam engines, recent experi- Gas and coal fire grate, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . *266

ments with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Gas and electricity as neating agents . . . . ' " . 276 Fnlling llIachlne, Huguenin's . . . . . . . . . . . -*305 Gas and electricity, facts about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Fnlling llIllI improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *327 Gas and electricity, the light and energy of, by J. Fnlling llIllls, waste water of, how to utilize, T. Sprague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

1 8 1 Gas and gas making. An interesting and inFungi, oxalic aCi.d in, by W . . M. Hamlet . . . . . 92 structive paper. by J,. P. Gratacap. Ph.B., giving Fur·bearing ammals of Mame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 I a detailed account of the materials and appara-Fnrtrade, N . American, history and progr . . . 280 I tus used in making illuminating gas, and aOO of Furnace, automatically-fed, Hober's . . . . . . -1(-271 the process of manufacture . . . . . 1 8 8, 192, 1'99

F�CH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED *" ARE ILLUSTRATED W ITH ENGRAVINGS. PRICE :/.6 CENTS PER N UMBER. MUNN of< CO., 86:/. BRO_tD W.t Y, NEW YORK. - IN .ORDEIrING PLEASE GIVE THE N'C'MBERS.



Gas and gas making, by Samuel Dalziel . . . . . . 3 1 3 Gas, pressure-gauge for. improved . . . . . . . . . . . * 76 Gelatine emulsion process, sensitive . . . . . . . . . 122 1 Glass, manufacture of, in connection with bla!t Gas and water mains, hydrostatic joint for. * 1 09 Gas process, Lowe, a question in gas chemist

9ry8, Gelatine emulsion process, theory of, by Dr. H. furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 G a .. , apparatus for heating by, Gomez's . . . . *41 7 W. VogeL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 231 Gla .... melting ovens, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6

Ga .. as fueL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 75, 1 78 Ga .. process, Lowe, as used at Baltimore . . . . . . 1 1 4 Gelatine emulsion, substitute for ground glass. Gla .... of Murano, ancient and modern, by James Ga .. as fuel for fire·grates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Gas process, the Lowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Improved mode of photo-engraving ; gelatine I Jackson Jarvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Gas w a .. her and scrubber, Anderson's . . . . * 192 Gas producer, Tessie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *240 emulsion soluti�ns for d�veloping gelatine Glasljl, pictures in, designs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 70 G a .. blowpipe, Wenham's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Gas, production and use for the purposes of heat- plates ; photo pamt for machmery . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Gla .. s plates Rnd lenses, how to make . . . . 97, 8 1 Ga .. burette, simple, Bunte's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *101 ing and motive power, by J. E. Dowson . . . . . 334 Gelatine emulsion with the addition of resin, by Gla .... , plate, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Ga .. burner aualyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336 Ga .. purification, new processes of, based on thc Fr. Wilde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Glas .. , plate, manufacture of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Ga .. burner, Clamond's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *408 utilization of its impurities in the production Gelatine e01.ulsions and plates for photogra- Gla .... ruling, action of diamond in . . . . . . . . A12 Ga .. burner for heating purposes, Ehret's . . . . -l('29 o f commercial salts, by G . Valentine . . . . *305 phy, practical hints on thc manufacture of, by Glass, silvermg, Leclerc's process . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 (;a .. burner for singeing machines, new . . . . '*4 1 7 Gas purifier, MM. Pelouze and Audouin's .*234 W. K. Burton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Gla .. s, soluble, use of in the textile industry. by Ha .. burner, Marini and Goegler's . . . . . . . . . . . *302 Ga .. purifier, Still's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *58 Gelatiue, explosive, Nobel's tests of . . . . . . . . . 341 H. Grothe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Has burner, new and remarkable, Wallace's . . 5 7 G a .. regulator, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *108 Gelatine,.impurities �n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Gla .. � specula, new method of grinding, by Gas burner, new, Grimston's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 Ga .. regulator, Improved, for burners, by D. 1'1. Gelatine Jelly as a dIalyzer, by R. C. Woodcock, Prof. Elihu Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 141 Gas burner, rheometric, Giroud's . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Peebles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 144 335 Gla .... stopper .. , fixed, how to remove . . . . . . 372 Ga .. burner, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271 Ga .. retort .. , regenerative system of firing.*401 Gelatine, methods of producing and purifying. Gla .... , tougnened, application of to permanent Ga .. burner, Terquem's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-293 Ga .. retorts. methods of setting. *22, *43, -l(-98 320 ways, by C. Wood, M.lnst.C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 Ga .. burner, the Phare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271 Ga .. scrubber-washer, Saville's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*65 Gelatine negatives, retouching, by William Gla .... , window, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Ga .. burners and heaters, Defty's . . . . . . . . . *362 Ga .. scrubber .. at Manhattan works . . . . . . . *206 Shawcross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Glas .. work .. , Val. St. Lambert ; description of Gas burners, app. for lighting, Klinkerfuss'. *331 Ga .. and stearn motor, Simon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 82 Gelatine negatives, washing and fixation of. 3 81 I the establishment and mode of operating . . . *404 G::J��!:g�ld! ba1�\�� 'i�ft F�r�:�s 10J G,:�y��':�:.' . � �� .�f.' . �y. �:: .p .. . . � . . . :�.� 2�e5 g:�:m::: t�:::� .��

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Gas burners, by William Sugg. A valuable paper, Gas, sewer, and its dangers, by Dr. G. W. Gelatine plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 80 Glasse .. , use of, to cure constitutional disease, by containing important suggestions regarding con- McCaskey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 1 Gelatine plates, alkaline development of . . . . 228 D. B. St. John Roosa, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 struction of burners and the use of gas . . . 359 Gas, stearn, and air engine, Simon's . . . . . . . . * 1 68 Gelatine plates, apparatus used in Berlin for the Glauber's salt, production of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Gas burners, improved, Sugg's . . . . . * 1 74, *249 Gas, storage of, James' method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 preparation of, by Franz Stolze . . . . . . . . . . . . *299 Glazing, sizing, and stretching machine for Gas burners, regenerative, t'iiemens' . . . . . . . . * 301 Gas stove, See's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 1 5 Gelatine plates, development of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 warp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 7 Gas, carbonic-acid, as a fire extinguisher . . . 65 Gas stoves, apparatus for regulating tempera- Gelatine plates, development of, b y W . T . Wil- Globe, geographical, Browne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 Gas, coal, a s fuel for bOilers, advantages of, by I, . ture o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-263 kinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Globe, revolving, Redier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·408

Paulin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 Gas stoves, by Dr. James Adams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Gelatine plates, how English operators work, by Globes, great. of :French National Library . . . *3 Gas, coal, and smoke, economic washing of . . 315 Gas-tar pump, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-89 J. H. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 Globes, tirne, Juvet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *257 Gas, coal, heating power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 Gas tel1-tale, explosive, Weber's . . . . . . . . . . *296 Gelatine plates, enlargements on, by William Gloves, dyes for, several recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Gas, coal, new residual product from . . . . . . . . A28 Gas, the purIfication of by ammonia, by F. D. Brooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Glucose and grape sugar, process of manufac-Gas, coal, new products obtained from : ponsee- Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . *320 Gelatine plates, how to develop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 ture, by O. Luthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 lion, a new pigment, and cyanon, a new "un- Gas, transmission of, apparatus for, Newman and Gelatine plates, how to dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Glucose from corn, manufacture of, Hirsh pro-powder\ by Lewis 'J'hompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Duesbury's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 7 Gelatine plates, how to prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Gas, COUl, the relative illuminating value of the I Gas verifier, Giroud's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Gelatine plates in the studio, byF. P. Moffat.238 Gluco .. e, report on, by O. E. March . . . . . . . . . . 424 vapors and gaseous hydrocarbons in, and quan- Gas vs. stearn as a motive power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Gelatine plates, method of coating . . . . . . . . *369 Hluco .. e, the Wolff, Furbisn, and Pigeon pro-titative determination, by G. E. Stevenson.*251 Gas, water, advantages of, by G. S. Dwight . . 60 Gelatine plates, methods of intensifying and recesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *260

Gas, coal, use of, for lighting and heating.1. by Ga .. , water, as fuel, by G. S. Dwight . . . . . . . . . . 53 ducing, by E. H. Farmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Gl ucose, what is ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Prof. Armstrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 I> Gas, water, as fuel, abstract of a paper by Prof. Gelatine plates, practical methods of intensifying Glue, liquid, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4

Ga .. -coal, the necessary requisites of, by J . Mac- Von Marx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 with silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 77 Glutlne for stiffening and glossing calicoes, wall farlane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 23 Gas, water ; description of apparatus for pro- Gelatine plates, preparation, by 1<'. Dawson . 1 80 paper. etc., recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76

Ga .. , condenso-purifier for, Chevallet's . . . . . *363 ducing eheap gas, and some notes on the econo- Gelatine plates, {,reparation of, by E. Howard Glycerine,. evapo�at'n of, IJ Y G .Co';lttole�c. 3 14 Gas, crude, removal o f ammonia from . . . . . . . 3 8 8 mical effect o f using such gas with gas motors, l<'arIl!er. Glass, pICtures �m, M . . E . Gogard, . . 384 ; Glycerine m the fixatIOn 01 mdIgo m dyemg, by Gas distillation, furnacc for, Farcot's . . . . . . . *226 etc., by J. E. Dowson, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 GelatIne plates, preparatIOn of In the StUdIO.269 I M. Prudhomme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 Gas and electric light apparatus, exhibition at Ga .. , water, in America, and how made, by Dr. A. Gelatine plates, sensitizing of by caustic potash, Glycerine, its Ilreparation and uses ; a eornpre-Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 P. Hallock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *398 by A. Stosch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 hensive paper, by Dr. A. Berghaus . . . . 380, 390

G a s and electricity, the competition between, in Gas, water, manufacture of, by G. E. Stevenson. Gelatine plates, notes on, by E. Brightman . . 281 Glycerine, new test for, by A. Senier, M.D., and Pal'ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 *31 1 Gelatine plates. streaks in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 A. J. G. Lowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Gasenglneand producing plant, Dowson's. *41 1 Gas well, Wyandotte, Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Gelatine process of enlarging, by H. J. :ealmer. GlycerinQ, physiological and therapeutical pro-Gas engine, Clerk's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*31 0 Ga .. wen .. of Pennsylvania, by Prof. J. I,awrence Gelatine bromide tissue. Photogravure .. . . . . 269 periieo 0", by A. Catillon . . .. . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . . . ... . 1 30 Gas enginc, cost o f working, by F . J . Linton . 248 Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Gelat!ne processes . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74 Glycerine, use of In weavmg, dyemg, prmtmg, Gas engine, earliest, historical notes on . . . . . . . 4 1 7 Ga .. works of Brussels, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 5 Gelatino-bro01.ide emulSIOn, by Rev. H. G. and fimshmg, by H. Herberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Ga .. engine, Edwards' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Ga .. works, portable, Wren's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 J'almer, M.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 1 9 Goat and its commercial products. . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Gas engine, Ewins and Newman's . . . . . . . . . . . *360 Ga .. eou .. Cuel, by J,. T. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 7 Gelatino-bromide emulsion with bromide of Gold, a new alloy as a substitute for. . . . . . . . . 1 9 Gas engine, new, Crossley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 7 I Gases, absorption of, by charcoaL . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88 Gold and its manufactures ; watch-cases, their Ga .. engine, Otto's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *282 Ga .. es, action of bacteria on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 1 Gelatlno- bro01.ide of sil vel', by D. Van Monck- uses, materials, and qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Ga .. engine, silent, Otto's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X- l 46 Ga .. es, apparat. for extraction andanalysis.*332 hoven. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *205 Gold and silver extraction, Fryer'S process . . -l(- 1 1 Gas engine, theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Gases, centrifugal apparatus for purifying, Gelatino-bro01.lde of silver, new method of pre- Gold and silver extraction, Secor process of . 5 7 Ga .. pngine, 'l'urner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Braun's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 73 paring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 94 Gold and silver metallurgy i n the United States, Ga .. engine, Wordsworth's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-380 Gases, compression of, by Charles 1<'. Brush, Gelatino-brolnide plates, by A. J. Jarman.190 progress of, by T. Egleston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 333 Gas engine .. at the Paris Electrical Exhib'n . 307 M.E.; descrIption of some new apparatus for the Gelatino-bro01.id.e plates, new mercuro-cy- Gold and silver ores, Paul's process of working, Ga .. engines, improved, Cropper's . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-9 5 compression of gases to a very high degree . * 1 9 anide intensifying process for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 * 3 8 Ga .. engines, improved, Gilles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 44 Gases, compressed, explosion of vessels contain- Gelatlno-bro01.ide proc(;ss. Wet collodion pro- Gold and silver parting, Gutzkow process . . *325 G a .. engines, economy of, by Prof. Ayrtoll . . . 316 ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Al l cess. Printing processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 Gold and silver, the present large supply of and Ga .. engines, 16-horse, Otto's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 190 Gases, continuous preparation of, apparatus, Gelatlno-chloride of silver pictures by devel- 1 its effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Gas exhauster and engine, Roots' . . . . . . *51 for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *325 opment, by 1;l. J. Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 i Gold assays, apparatus for boiling, by W. F . Ga .. exhauster, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-299 Gase .. , density of, rapid method of determining, Ge01. forms of corundum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Lowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *381 Gas Hames, light and heat in, by Dr. T. O'C. by C . Chancel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 5 1 Ge01.s, artificial, how manufactured . . . . . . . . . . 100 Gold bearing rocks of Australia, by J. E. Richter.

Sloane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Gases, electric discharge in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Generator, stearn, Herreshoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 169 37 1 Ga .. fiames, luminous and non-luminous, b y G . E . Gases, explosive, ignition of, researches on . 407 Gentian, a new species o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *333 Hold bluff's, and gold beaches on our northern

Stevenson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Gases, furnace, app. , to determine, Bunte's. *3 9 3 Gentiana ornata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 3 coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 G a .. for motive power new method of heating by G a .. es, furnace burette for the analysis of Geodes2 how produced and where found . . . . 208 Gold, divisibility of, by H. G. Hanks . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8

W. N. Hill . . . . , . . . . . . . ' . . . : . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 1 Bunte'� . . . : . . .. . : . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . : �360 GeodeSIC and astronomic connection of Algeria Gold find in California, original, Sutter's account Gas for producmg electrIC lIghts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Gase .. , lIqUIds, and solIds, byW. MattIeu W·Illmms. with Spain. by Commanultnt Perrier . . . . . . *228 of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Gas from petroleum for passenger car" . . . . . . . 1 1 7 329, 330 Geographic stadiometer, Bellomayee's . . . . . *38 Gold fine, why it floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Ga .. Curnace,. Boetius' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *85 Gases, liquefaction of, Cailletet's apparat .. *128 Geography ; address by C. R. Markham, 1

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3.2s9" Gas furnace, Casson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 Gase .. , noxious, indicator for, Coquillon's.·* 102 U

Gas furnace to bake refractory products . . . *360 Ga�e .. of roasting furnaces, removal of noxious Geological chart and zoic calendar of crea- Gold, how to recover from solutions. . . . . . . . . 95 Ga .. furnace. laboratory, Griffin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-20 vapor from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 tion, by H. A. Reid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 Gold i n a specimen of gold in quartz, how to find Ga .. Curnaces, Bicheroux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6, 84 Gases, on the viscosity of at high exhaustion, by Geologlcal lacts recently observed in Montan.'l, the weight of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Gas furnaces, new method of distributing flames Wm. Crookes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Idaho, Utah, and Colorado, by Dr. J. S. New- Gold in emulsion, by Henry J. Newton . . . . . . 1 1 3 in, Klattenhoff's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 Gases or vapors, liquefiable matter in, apparatus berry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Gold in Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Gas generating furnaces, by F. Lurmann. *251 to condense, Pelollze and Audouin's . . . . . . . . . *5 7 Geological ltluseu01. of Columbia Col'ge School Gold in quartz, simple method of detectin/2· . . 3 19 G a .. generator and blowpipe, Thomson's . . *95 Gase .. , solubility o f solids in, by J .. B . Hannay and o f Mines, by Israel C . Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Gold leaC, how: made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253, 378 Gas generator, new, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('309 James Hog·arth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Geological survey, U. S., second annual report, Gold mine .. of Plumas Co., Cal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Gas generat'.'rs, Krul;>p's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *310 Ga�e� under high pressu;e., apP3;ratus for dcte;- notes on, br I • . P. Gratacl,Lp . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 3 Gold mines of Siberia . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *326 Gas heated bOller, multItubular . . . . . . . . . . . . *263 mInmg the volume of, Call1etet s . . . . . . . . . . * 1 72 Geologica ti01.e, an estmIate of . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 Gold O1.lnlng at SteubenVIlle. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Galli heating, by W. H. Edgerton . . . . . . . . . . . *378 Ga .. tornis, skeleton of, recent discovery . . -l(-348 Geological tlO1.e, recurrence of certain phe- Gold mining, by Thomas Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 Gas lolder tanks, brick and concrete, and simple Gastric j uice, effect o f alumina salts o n i n the nomena in. An address b y Andrew Crombie Gold nuggets of remarkable size . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

concrete, by W . H. Edinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *306 process of digestion, by H. A. Mott, Jr . . . . . . 21 4 Ramsay, LL. D., before the British Assoc . . . . 248 Gold quartz specimen, Australian, of remarkable Gasholder, telescopic, French ; details of con- GastrotolllY in stricture of the ffisophagus, with I Geology and botany of the country bordering the size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29

struction, with figures showing plan and sec- report of a successful case by Prof. F . Trendel- Rio Grande in Texas and Chihuahua, by J. S. Gold reducing machinery, Jordan's . . . . . . . . -l(-322 tional elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *290 enburg of Rostock, by \V. Thomson, M.D .. * 147 Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Al l Goldsmith work, remarkable example of, in

Gas, hydrogen, new process and apparatus, Tessie Gate, �n wroug:ht iI:on, designed by Narten . . *70 , �eology, exper!mental . . . . . .. . ,' ... . . . . . . . . . . . , . 201 a sepulche! in Palestrina· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . 67 du Motay's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *241 Gate, Iron, deSIgn for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-241 Geology, experImental, artIficml productIOn of Gold v'l-rnI .. h for brass and bronze, reCIpe . . . . 1 5

Gas, illuminating, apparatus for verifying the il- Gate, iron, in Rennes, Bretagne . . . . . . . . . . . . . *264 pisolites and oolites; and on crystals of anhydrous Gold washing at Yesso, Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 luminating power and density of . . . . . . . . . . *336 Gat�, wrought iron, design of Eisenlohn and lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . , *286 Gold wir�, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Gas, illuminating, experiments with different WeIgle . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . *329, Geolog1-., expeI'lmentai, synthetIC studIes of, Gon�s, Chmese, how .made,. by .�. W. Yapp. 8 5 qualities of used in an Otto gas engine, by Chas. Gate, wrought Iron, from the ImperIal Office of Daubree s . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *229 GonIOO1.eter, reflectmg, PIsam s . . . , . . . . . . . . *30 Hunt. C .E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Justice in Berlin, by Von Moerner . . . . . . . . . *335 Geology of New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Goose-quill, modern uses of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Gas, illuminating, apparatus, Daix's . . . . . . . . *349 Gates, wrought iron, Guildhall, Worcester. *303 Geology of the Palisades, by A. E. Hoppock . 3 1 6 Gorilla and chimpanzee at the Crystal Palace, Gas, illuminating, from petroleum, improve- Gateway, iron, ornamental.-Grilles, wrought Geology of the polar regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 7

ments in the manufacture of ; description of iron, in St. Giles' Church, Lubeck . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Geology of the West, by J. Van C. Phillips . . . 90 Gorilla, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·271 process and apparatus employed at Utica Gas Gauge, electric, Mercadier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• *329 Gestation of domestic animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Gould, Jay, residence and conservatory of on the Co.'s works, by T. S. C. Lowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 Gauge for tubes, Goulier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Geyser region in the National Park, by Dr. Otto Hudson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Gas, illuminating power of, by W. Sugg, . . . . . 1 4 Gauge, pressure, Bourdon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 70 Kuntze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Gould, John, the ornithologist. Biographical Gas, illuminating power of, influence of atmo- Gauge, pressure, for gas, improved . . . . . . . . . . -l(-76 Giant .. and dwarfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 5 sketcli of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

splieric rarefaction on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Gauge, ra!n a,?-d snow, recording, Draper . . *209 Gilding and plating on glass and porcelain, Gour, the ruined cal;>itl,LI of Bengal. . . . . . . . . 277 Gas, illuminating power of, method of in(Jreasing, Gauge, ram, SImple, ho,'" to make . . . . . . . . . . *41 9 method of . . : . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ' . . 8 6 Goura01.i, or nest-!JUIldm!;l'fish . . . . . . .. . . ,. . . . . . 72 by V . Popp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Gauge, speed, Osbo�e s . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . *200 �ildlng by SImple ImmersIOp, methods o f . . A23 Governor for marme enl:l'meSh

�apkm s . . . * 1 �6 Ga .. , illummating, sulph. hydrogen and carbonic Gauge, stearn, recordmg, Edson s . . . . . . . . . . . *70 GlIding, electro, full dIrectIOns for . . . . . . . . . 1 60 Governor, gas, automatIC, W Ite s . . . . . . . . * 1 3 7

acid in, estimation of, by L . T. Wright . . . . . *330 Gauge, water, alarm , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *245 Gilding metal surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Governor, mar!ne, Durh.am's . . . . . . . , . . . . . . * 1 5 1 Gas Illumination, historical notes o n . . . . . . 268 Gauge, water, for bOIlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *272 Gills, combs, and hackles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 7 Governor, marme, Jenkms and Lee s . . . . . *260 Ga .. lndlcator or manometer, Brouardel's . *299 Gauge, water, Nicholas' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 Girder, bowstring, determination of stress in, by Governor, stearn, Andrade's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Gas ki l n . 'I.'hompson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Gauges, stearn and air, Nedden's . . . . . . . . . . . * 197 Lieut. G . S. Clarke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 Governor, stearn, Bourne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 4 Gas laD.lp, incandescent, Clamond's . . . . . . . . * 3 5 1 Gcar cutter, bevel, Grube's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Girder .. , compression, cast iron, experiments Governor, stearn, Hartwell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0).5 7 Gas for lighthouse signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Gear cutter, Corliss' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 0 with a new form of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-297 Governor, stearn, Ide's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Ga .. , light-power and density, app. to verify.-l(-336 Gear cutters, equi<�is.tant, by ;prof. C. W. Mac- Girders, continuo':'s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Governor, steam, i�prove.d, Marks' . . . . . . . . 0)('28 Gas l ight, waste of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Cord. A paper descl'lbmgthe epICyclOldal system Glacial epoch, clImate of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Governors for marme engmes, new . . . . . . . *269 Ga .. Ughter, electric, Bogart's . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 4 4 of making spur wheels interchangeable . . . *333 Glacial observation .. in the \Vind River Moun- Governors, gas, White's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 7 Ga .. Jlghting apparatus, electrIC . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 3 �ear cutting 8;pparatus for . . . . .. . . . . : . . . . . . *31 : tains, by C. F. Blackburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 268 Graduates, young, some practical hints to, by Gas lighting arrangement of the residence of W. G�ar motion, Irregular, a practICal Improveme t Glacial period, ca�se� of, by R. B. Cook . . .427 Boardman Reed .. M. p . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

H. Vanderbilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Glacial perIOd m IlIIl101S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Grafting wax, lIqUId, reCIpe for . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Gas lighting by electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 29 Gcar ,vheel .. necessary to cut a thread in a Glaciation, ancient, in North America, evi- Grat'ting, dire(Jtions for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22 Gas lighting, possibilities in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 screw cutting lathe, how to calculate, by Joshua dences of, and their bearing on the theory of Grain C'.ruslter, Van Hordc's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *59 Gas lighting, regenerative, a lecture by F . Sio- Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 an ice period, by Dr. J. S . Newberry . . . . . . . A19 Grain cutters, Pini's and Willhelm's . . . . . . * 1 73

mens, giving an account of Siemens' devices for Gearing, central friction, Goubet's . . . . . . . . *337 Glacier .. and icebergs, a new study of . . . . . . . 342 Grain dres .. ing machinery. Vangelder's . . * 1 02 increasing the illuminating power of gas* . 2 19 Gea�i�g, elli{'tical, by Prof. C • . W. MacCord. GlaCier .. , causes of the motion of, by W. It. Grain drying machin�, Hop!'r's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45

G a .. liquor from gas works, Solvay's apparat.us PlaIll lIlstructIOns and numerous diagrams, from Browne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Grain elevator, AmerICan, m London . . . . -l(-220 for concentrating, by Dr. G. T. Gerlach . . . . . -l(-77 the study o f which any careful draughtsman GladiOli, how to raise from seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 Grain elevator a t St. Louis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-79

Ga .. , machine for pumping direct into the 1Il*a2in3s'l

will be able to lay out elliptical gear wheels in Gla .... , a simple method of drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Grain elevat{)r, Behrns and Unruth's . . . . . . *299 such a way as to satisfy all the requirements of Glas .. and porcelain, gilding and plating on, pro- Grain elevator, pneumatic, Renhaye . . . . . . . -l(' 1 3 3

Gas O1.achlne retort, new, Van Kannel and Tows- practical mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 (Jess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 Grain el<:,vator, Poulson's . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 1 ley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 Gearing, improved, Smith's . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . * 4 5 Glass a s a n c::'ctruction o f light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 2 Grain elevator, Hennie's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *231

Gas 01.alns, jointing and testing, bYC.W. Folk3a9rd4, Gearing, toothed, a new form of ellil!tical bevel Glass b�o"'lng, by means of compressed air, Grain separating machines, Ml,Lrot;s . . . . . -l(-382

wheels, oy. Prof. C . W. Ma�Cord. An mterestmg Apperts �y�tem .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *399 �rain separator !ind grade!', Mlliot. s: . . . . -l(-� 70 Gas O1.aking app. Wilson's and Dowson 'so * 3 3 9 mathematICal and mechamcal study . . . . . . . * 141 Glass, bUIldmgs m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 6 Grain ",areho u .. Ing machmery. EllIngton 8. Gas making; a new mode of working washers and Gearing, worm, Hawkins' . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . '* 104 Glass, " or8;ckle," hmy to produce . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 8 *378

sorubbers, by R. H. Patterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Gelatine, apparatus formanufacturmg at a tem- Gla .. ", etchmg, bath for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Grain , when to out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 8 R Gas making, limed coal in, by J. A. wanklyn

399 E�g;��e. �.elo� t.he .��l��g. �.�i��·.�f . ��.�'l2J� Gl�:e"i, IWG:r��s�� . . ��. :�t .1�� .��P�5'2 Gf;�:' . . ",�ig

.�.ill� . . ��.�h��

, . . a��

tlC.' . . ��x5

Has making, peat as a material for . . . . . . . . . . . A19 Gelatine brollllde, preparatIOn of, Bascher s Gla .. s, flInt or crystal, compOSItIOn and mode of Grange, LIttle Te:w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 Gas O1.anu Cacture, carbonizing apparatus for, process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 GranIte, how polIshed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24

Carpenter's . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 44 Gelatine dry plates, Eastman, Roche's method Glass for decorative purposes, manufacture of, Grape bags, improved, Pelletier's . . . . . . . . . *360 Gas manufacture, chemistry of, br A. V. Har- of developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 by H. J. Powell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *295 Grape crop of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64;

court. A short account of the formation and Gelatine e01.ulsion, a new method of making. Glass CurnaC'.e, gas, Ric�man's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 7 Grape culture, rules for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32 chemical nature of coal and the result of apply- by W. K. Burton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Gla .. s houses! constructIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Grape culture under glass, by John Don. ; . . 1 1 0 ing heat to it, especially in connection with the Gelatine emulsion, chloride of silver, by H. L. T. Glass, how to draw upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Grape sugar an.d glucose, Il!an';lfacture of, by O. manufacture of illuminating gas . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Haakman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Glass, how to engrave upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 8 Luthy ; converSIOn, neutralIzatIOn, and evapora-

Ga .. manufacture, improvement in, Olney's . . -l(· 1 3 Gelatine emulsion, excess of nitro silver in . . 295 Glass, how to etch wit':' hydrofi,:,oric acid . . . 7 tion and purification of the liquor ; manufacture Gas manufacture, progress and improvements in , Gelatine emulsion for amateurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Glass, how to pIerce WIth electrIC spark . . . *212 of glucose by means of . malt ; �he aEparatus,

by .1. Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 Gelatine emulsion for direct printing . . . . . . . . 336 Glass, howto print upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76 chemicals, and practICal mstructIOns or these Ga .. O1.otor,. Benier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Gelatine emulsion, how to keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Glass, how to print upon, by J. I,. Wells . . . . *47 processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Gas motor, J<'orcst's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Gelatine emulsion, how to prepare for the gel- Gla .. �, improvements in manufacture of, by .1 . Grape s�gar, crystallized anhyd. by A. Behr . 337 Gas motor, Lang and Otto's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27 atinb-bromide I;>roces8, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 193 W . Mallet . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Grape VIne, a new enemy of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 73 Gas motor, Ravel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *276, ,(- 3 1 3 Gelatine emulSIOn, Houlgrave's . . . . . . . 1 8 3, 2 1 1 Gla .... , how to silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 Grapevine disea .. e. remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Gas motor .. and producers, Siemens' . . . . . . 'X-32-! Gelatine emulsion, method of washing, by Wil- Glass, how to silver ; best method of silvering Grapevine, largest in the world, shown at Cen-Ga .. motors, Bottcher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 302 liam England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 mirrors and other articles of glass, by the pro- tennial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 Ga .. motors, Buss, Sombart & Co. ' s . . . . . . . . . . *265 Gelatine emulsion, new discovery regarding'. b y cesses o f Chapman, Siemens, PetitJean, Draper, Grapev�nes, American, III Southern France.-Ga .. motors, efficiency of as compared with steam, L. Warnerke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 and Lavat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 GrapevIne, a remarkable example of . . . . . . *3 74 by Thomas Holgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Ge,laiine emulsion, new method of preparing. by G�a .. s O1.anuCa.cture, description of Siemens' Grapevin.es, propl,Lgation of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7

Gas, natural, in iron making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 72 ]< l'Unz Stolze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58 Improvements m the manufacture o f annealed, Grape .. , dIstances f01: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 98 Ga .. , oil, compressed, for lighting cars and steam- Gelatine emulsion plates, by H. J. Palmer . . 5 1 hardened. and toughened glass, and of the ap- Grape .. , house, for dIfferent seasons of the year.

boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *324 Geiatlne emulsion, prep. of with glycerine . . 2 14 paratus employed therefor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *256 1 1 6 Gas, oil, retort for, Dreseher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *310 Gelatine emulsion process, Bennett's . . . . . . . . 1 7 5 Glass, manufacture of, description of Siemens' Grape .. , how to manage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 , 5 7 Gas pressure regulators, electric, systems of Gelatine emulsion process, modified, by W . K. improvements in, with figures of new melting Grapes, newer var!eties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99

Launay and of Chardin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·2 14 Burton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *374 tanks, furnaces, moulds, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*249 Grape .. of CalIforma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENG RAVINGS PBLOB :l.O CBNTS EACH NUMBER. MUNN 4& CO., 861 BR OAD WA Y, NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEA8E GIVE THB NUMBERS.



Graphical determination of the volume and surface of bodies generated by revolution, by Wal-ter G. Berg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *108

Grapnel for submarine cables, Jamieson's.* 1 1 2 Grass and weeds, how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Grass crop, methods of seeding for . . . . . . . . . . 283 Grass, culture of, by A . F . Stevens . . . . . . . . . . 186 Grass, twitch, how to destroy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Grasses, American, composition of, by C . Rich-

ardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Grasses of New Zealand, valuable . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Grass trees of Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *423 Grasses and leaves, how to skeletonize and crys-

tallize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Grasses for lawns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 4 Grate, fire, revolving, Barker's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 54 Grate for gas and coal, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . *266 Grates, furnace, smokeless, Regan's . . . . . . . . . *86 Gravel drier, Duish's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 Gra vity, lunar disturbance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Gray, Asa, the eminent American botanist. Sketch

of life and labors, with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 Grease, extraction of from wool ; description of

a process by means of which the raw material may be treated so as to yield not only a better quality of product, but also a substance of great value to both the woolen manufacturer and the leather dresser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Grease traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-32 Great Salt L akel by M. E. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 3 Greci an antlqu ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *421 Greenheart, lJemerara, in shipbuilding . . . . 4 1 8 Greenhouse and grapery short description of

such kinds of grapes as are best adapted for culture under glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Greenhouses, benefit of solar heat in . . . . . . . 105 Greenho uses, cheap, and how to heat them,

by Peter Henderson ; how to obtain perfect draught, excellent plan for furnace construc-tion, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')1062

Greenhouses for lettuce growing, structure of, by W. D. Philbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Greenhouses, how to build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14 1 Greenhouses, small ; description of several

greenhouses, with cost, modes of heating, ven-tilation, etc., with some improvements . . . . . . 1 50

Greenland expedition, Nordenskjold's . . . *409-, ;('4 14, *42�

Green Mountains, the age of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Gregynog Hall, Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *372 G.riffiths,. Robert, .. father of screw propcllers."

BlOgrapillcal sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Grille, iron, for door-head ; also portion of screen

from the chapel of St. Anastasia, Verona .* 145 Grille, wroug-ht iron, and cast iron stairs, designcd by Messrs. Kropf and Diebitsch . . . . . *60

Grilles, wroug-ht iron, designed by A. Narten; lamp post, by W. Wollaneck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('44

G�indelia robusta as a remedy for rhus poison; mg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Grindelia robusta as a remedy in asthma, by

Dr. '1'. M. Hochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Grinding and polishing, by Joshua Rose. A val

uable paper, g'iving a thorough descriptIOn of all the appliances employed in g-rinding and polishingmetals, with directions for use . . . . . *31 , *34

G rinding and polishing machine, stone . . . *261 Grindstones of the sixteenth century . . . . . . ;(' 5 6 Grip-car for wire cable system, Chicag-o . . . *334 Grooving, turning machine, etc., Atock's . . . *23 Ground-air in its hygieniC relatIOns, by Dr. Max

von Pettenkofer. An important and valuable paper, proving by experiment the existence of underground air-currents; and dangers from the escape of underground air into dwellings . . . *82

GuU oC Mexlco, basin of, by J . E . Hilgard . . 289 GulC Stream, source of, by Dr. J . E . Nagle . 95 Gum, superior, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59 Gum lac, Arizonian, analysis of, by J. M. Still-man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Gums, new solvent for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Gums, resins, and waxes, notes on, by C. G.

Warnford Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Gum tree, sweet, by Prof. Lawrence C. John-

son. An interestmg and useful paper . . . . . . 383 Gun, Armstrong, lOO·ton, at Spezia . . . . . . . . . . -)\-93 G u n barrels, how to clean from lead . . . . . . . . 232 Gun2 breech-Ioa.ding, 43-to�, new . . . . . . . . . . . ;('282 GunlJoats, Epsilon, for Chma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 197 Gunboats, new, for Chinese Governm't . . . . . *69 Gun boats, steam. British, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,'f 128 Gun camera, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 Gun-carriage, naval, Vavasseur's . . . . . . . . *294 Gun-carriages, artillery, Hussian . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Gun-carriages, Moncrieff, full particulars of

construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 Guo:-cotton, manufacture of at the Stowmarket

Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Gun-cotton. uses of in war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 65 Gun, eighty-ton, trial of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 Gun experiments, the Thunderer . . . . . . . . . . . *216 Gun, fortress, Hussian at the Centennial . . . . 3 1 Gun, field, steel, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(' 1 3 7 Gun, Gorg-on . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *203 Gun, hundred·ton, Itahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')10230 Gun, life-line, Evans and Low's . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-332 Gun, machine, Gardner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')10340 Gun, masked, or Panzerkanone, Krupp's . . . . *59 Gun lnetal, strength of, experiments on at Ports-

mouth dockyard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Gun, mountain, Armstrong- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 159 Gun, multieharge, Lyman-Haskell, and experi-

ments in firing it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *416 Gun, multiple charge, Lyman-Haskell . . . . . *397 Gun, new lOO·ton, trial of in the Royal Arsenal,

Woolwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)10256 Gun, Nordenfel't. on H.M.S. Monarch . . . . . . *268 Gun. one-hundred.ton, t.rial of at Woolwich.252 Gunpow-der, chemical theory of, by Prof.

Debus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Gunpow-der gas, apparatus to measure pressure

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Gunpow-der, lampblack, Cahuc's . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Gunpow-der, manufacture at the factory of

Col. Paul A. Oliver, at Lanrel Run, Pa . . . . . . 333 Gunpow-der tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Gun, revolving, Hotchkiss' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 Gunshot, velocity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 G u n tests, Hotchkiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Gun, l3-pounder breech-loading, English . ;(-257 GUll, 38-ton, remarkable targ-et.practice wlth'X'59 Gun, time, electrical, at Pernambuco . . . . . . . . ;('21 Gun, Uchatius' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . 82 Gun, l3-pounder, a new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *214 Gun, 2O·ton, Whitworth, test trials o f a . . . . . . 405 Gun, SO-ton, recent trials of against armor . . *66 G:�isS;'��g: .��tails��. ��s��.

a�� .r��u.I�40J

Gun, 81 -ton, experimental firing at Woolwich. 4 Gun, tOO-ton, Armstrong's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 Gun, tOO-ton. at Spezia, Italy, experimental firing-

of a t iron plate targ-ets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 G u n tOO-ton, breech-loading, interesting account

of trle trial of at Spezia, Itall ' . . . . . . . . . • . . . . * 3 74 GUll, lOO-ton, Italian mode 0 . casting- . . . . . . . . . 203 Gun and embrasure, mechanism, Gruson's. *408 Guns, Armstrong, 43-ton breech.loading . . . *297 Guns, bores of, action of gunpowder in, by Capt.

C. Jones, RA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 Guns, breech·loading mechanism for, JOh�1�4 Guns, cast steel ; experiments with the new ar

tillerr made from steel without blows, by M. GautIer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Guns, field, Bang-e's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Guns, heavy, horse power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Guns, heavy, J.(rupp's improved . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 67 Guns, HotchkISS, for torpedo boats . . . . . . . . ')10428 G u n s , heavy, new mode of rifling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Guns, monster, loading of in modern ironclads,

by Capt. A. Albini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 72 Guns. Nordenfelt, in action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Guns of the future, a discussion on at Wool-

wich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Guus of the Inflexible, trials of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Guns, test of the value of by firing under water,

by H. A. Mott, .Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 127 Gutta percha and India rubber. by Thomas Bo-

las, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *249, *25 1 . 252 Gutta percha, durability of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Gutta percha i n telegraphy, by W. H. Preece. 246

Gutta percha, trees producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Gymnastics.., mechanical, Zander's . . . . . . . . *213 Gypsum, ditrerent varieties of and their charac-

teristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Gyrograph, Nicolas" for drawing arcs of cir·

cles of large radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *285 Gyroscope, magneto·electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *233

H

Heater or thermo-siphon, Gallet's . . . . . . . . . . *297 Horses, corns in, how to :prevent . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Heater, water, Millar and Dnrie's . . . . . . . . . *25 7 Horses, educated, AmerICan, in London, with Heaters and gas burners, Defty's . . . . . . . . . . * 3 62 full page illustration, showing-training . . . . * 3 8 6 :�:!:,�sI��g,s�;;�� .�� .��. �� . :':��:::!i � � H

ac;:dS::�pr��: . . ��.t��l . . ��o�s . f��. :'��din� Heatin g agents, gas and electricity as, by Dr. C. Horses' legs, how to treat . . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . 224

W. Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Horses' leg-s, by R. H. Hilhouse. An article of Heating and lig-hting, co.operative . . . . . . . . . . 284 great interest to all horse owners, showing by Heating apparatus, care of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 means of diagrams the correct pose and the faul1is Heating by gas, apparatus for, Gomez's • . . *41 7 so frequently met with in combination in one Heating by hot water. A valuable paper by a and the same horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 195

hot water engineer, with directions a s t o the Horses, mash for, recipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Hackles, combs, and gills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 187 proper piping and arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 1 Horse's D1otion, science o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *346 Hail and snow, colored, by A. T. Machattie . . . :'6 Heating cars, French system of . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 7 Horses, polydactyl, and recent and extinct. A Hail, formation of, by M. Faye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Heavens, the dislocation of, by Camille Flam- valuable and interesting paper by Prof. Marsh, Hailstones, extraordinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 5 marion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 showing how the present species of horse has Hailstones , raindrops, and snowtiakes, how Hedge c utting machine, new . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 6 been evolved frem many -toed ancestors . . . * 1 8 8

formed. Abstract of a paper by Prof. O. Rey- Heights and distances, inaccessible, methods of Horses, portable food for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 nolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')1065, *1 1 8 measuring-, b y T . E . Candler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 13 Horses, race, records of the fastest. Table of

Hailstorms and their accompanying phenome- Helichrysum rosmarinifolium . . . . . . . . . . . . *413 the best time on record at all distances and all na, study of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(- 1 73 Heliograph, or snn signal, improved, by Tem- ways of going to Jan. 1, 1883 . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 374

Hailstorms, remarkable, in France, by L. Gode- pest Anderson, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *253 Horses, the care of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 1 8 5 froy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *302 Heliograph, pocket, Macgregor's Ekowe. *25 8 Horses, trot.ting, celebrated, record of, from 1838

Hair dye, bismuthic, by A. Naquet . . . . . . . . . . 3 56 Heliograph, improved, Stone's . . . . . . . . . . . . *287 to 1�83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Hair dyes in common use, analyses o f . . . . . . . . 239 Heliostatic star-disks, phenomena developed Horse-pow-er and thrasher, Hofherr's . . . . . . *49 Hair, hygiene of. Abstract of a lecture by Prof. by G. W . Royston-Pigott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 10 Horse-pow er, coal per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 84

I];rasmus Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02 Heliotelegraph, Leseurre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 Horse-pow-er, bome made, for farm use . *190 Hair, its use and its care. A paper by Dr. J. V. Heli�trope, how to make for geodetic sur- Horse-pow-er of a steam engine, how to esti-

Shoemaker, briefly describiug the functions of veymg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(' 1 63 mate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 the hair, and sugg-esting the proper manner o f HeJiotype printing plates, how to make . . . . . 205 Horse-pow-er, locomotive versus . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 preserving it in a healthy state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88 Hell Gate, progr. of mining- operations at . . . 266 Horse-shoeing. A paper of g-reat interest to

Hair restorers, metallic, their composition, Heloderma horridum, or Gila monster . . . *388 horse owners, giving numerous valuable hints mode of application, and chemical action . . . 396 HeD1iplegia from cerebral hemorrhag-e. A cli- as to the care of the animal's fcet and the proper

Hai!,,, super!luous, removal of by electricity, by nical lecture, by Prof. Austin Flint, M.D . . . . 1 30 way t o have them shod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 G. Ii. Fox, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76, 353 Hemorrhage, accidental, simple methods o f Horse-shoeing, by D. E . Salmon, D.V.M . . 1 74

Halley, Edmund. His life and work . . . . . . . . . 224 staunching, by Edward Borck, M.D. A valuable Horse-shoeing, principles of, by Dr. Georg-s HamD1er, atmospheric, Butterfield's . . . . . . . *44 paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *299

HFolrem

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' 'a'rt' . 'o'f' ,' I't'S' 'h'I:s't'o'r'y' 'a' n' 'd' 'p2rO,·n5_ Hammer, power, atmospheric, Chenot's . . *353 Hemorrha�e, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 'h

Ha.omer, power, Bradley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('47 HemorrhOIds, cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 't ciples, by Prof. M. Keil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 HamOler, power, electric, Deprez's . . . . . . . *3 52 HeD1orrhoids, treatment of by injection . . 190 Horseshoes, improved, Thistlewood's . . . . . ;(- 1 5 HaOlmer, power, Hasse's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-2 14 Hemp, jute, etc ... tests for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Horticultural Hall, Centennial Exhibition *3 Hammer, stearn, double spring, Belleter and Hemp, new use It?r . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Horticultural iteD1s : Cultivation of orchards ;

Klunz's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(' 1 9 Henley. W. T. BIOgraphICal sketch of . . . . . . 3 7 1 washing the bark ; apples for export ; transplant-HaOllner, steam, Ferris and Miles' . . . . . . . . . . *40 Hen ranch, a Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 ing- i' yellows of the peach ; California raisins ; HaOllner, stearn, for bossing locomotive w

*he3e2Is0. Henry, Joseph, by A. M. Ma;l:er. An interesting app es in Massachusetts ; hand weeding . . . . . 329

account of Prof. Henry's hfe and labors, giv- Horticulturalnotes : New apples, pears, grapes, Hammer, steam, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *265 ing- the story of his great discoveries in elec- etc ; discussion on g-rapes : new peaches ; insects HamOler, steam, largest in the world . . . . . . . 1 40 trical science and of his other researches, and affecting- horticulture ; inscct destroyers . . . . 275 Hammer, steam, lO-ton, Massey's . . . . . . . . . *428 presenting many anecdotes illustrative of his Horticultural notes : New g-rapes ; garden use Hanlmer, steam, SO-ton, at the St. Chamond character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 of fertilizers ; lime dust ; low-headed trees ; liquid

forging-mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 Henna leaves and powder, by Dr. Heinrich grafting- wax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Hammers and stam:ps, forge, Longworth's. *86 Paschkis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Horticultural notes : Packing- grapes ; thinning Hammers, lift, drlvmg- gear mechanism for, Hens. how to feed for eg-g-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 frnit ; setting raspberries in autumn ; raising J!�:ers� power; ' with' 'movabie ' fi.{lcru;;'3�t HD��. �:�fuk��I�.S .��. ��.� . ��g-.��. �f2�b �� :��g��i�� ;sti-'i�1��n:,�ft��:s��t�Ulk6

Daniel Longworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *344 Herald Island! the newly discovered . . . . . . . 3 12 Horticultural notes ; Planting strawberries ; HaOlmers, steam and pneumat. Thwaites'. * 3 96 Herb", pressed, hOW to preserve, by J. U. LIOY

2d6' hot beds ; pears in Missouri ; protection of fruit

Hammock, elastic suspension, D'Amora . * 1 06 trees a'gnst rabbits ; apple orchards of Ohio . . 63 Hand-car, Homan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 73 Hermes of Praxiteles, restoration of . . . . . . . ;('394 HorticuJtural notes : Velocity of sap ; cultivat-Hand staOlps, rubber, how to make . . . . . . . . 8 3 Herring, by Prof. Huxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 ing orchards ; laying down grapes ; early peaches; Handkerchief" extracts, a choice collection of Heveenoid, by Henry A. Mott, Jr. Description Snyder blackberry ; killing wasps ; worms in

formulre for, by R. H. Cowdrey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1 of a new product destined to supplant soft and flower pots ; unfermented wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01 Handw-rUing, characteristics of . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 hard vulcanized rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Horticulture, electrical, by Dr. Siemens . . . 304 Hangers, shafting, and couplings . . . . . . . . . *205 Hibernation of animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Horticulture, humbug-s in, byP. Henderson238 Hank dyeing, wasning, or SIzing machine. ;(-1 1 1 Hide, animal, microscopical and chemical exami- Hospital and private practice in San Francisco, Hank slzlngand wringingmachine, impr.*360 nation of and its behavior with water, by Carl by H. Gibbons, Jr. Notes on the treatment of Harbor at Boulogne, new • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1 Sadler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(,3 56 consumption, coug-h, night sweats, intermittents, Harbor, Newhaven, Eng. extension of . . . . * 161 Hi <les, g-reen, how to preserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 typhoid fever, malarial diseases, rhenmatism, Harbor w-orks, proposed, for Greenock . . . 1 1 8 Hides, g-reen, preparation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 nenralgia, heart diseases, and jaundice . . . . . . 193 Harbors and estuaries on sandy coasts, by L . 1;' . H!des, trade in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Hospit!,l of St. Eloi, at Montpellier, France, by

Vernon-Harcourt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 HIgh-grinding, Austro·Hung-arIan . . . . . . * 1 37 Fredenc J. Monat, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *307 Harkness, Prof., the g-eolog-ist. Brief sketch Highland House, Cincinnati. . . . . . . . . . . . . -)\' 1 20 Hospital for insane, State, Pennsylvania . . . . 289

of, with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *156 High School, new, Oxford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *286 Hospital, German, new, in San Francisco.*359 Harmoni.c analyzer, .SirWm.1'homson's. *272 Hil.l,. Sir �owland, the mp.inent �ocial and ad- Ho.spltal, Philadelphia, practice and peculiarities Harp, deSIgned by Prof. W. Wollanek . . . . . * 101 mlmst�atlve reformer. BIOgraphICal sketc? and I of treatment at, not.e� on . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . 1 84 HarrIson, John, the chronometer maker. Bio· portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 198 Hospital, St. FranCls , New York , notes of prac-

g-raphical sketch of��by Samuel Smiles . . . . . . . 379 Hip-joint disease, by Dr. L. A. Sayre . . . . . 1 22 tice and peculiarities of treatment in, by Dr. G. Harrow-, flexible, Howard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *59 Histology and the cellular theory, by Dr. Ed- M. Edebohls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Harrow- for macadamized roads . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-3 8 1 ward Fournie. A valuable paper, presenting- an Hospitals, disinfection, apparatus for . . . . *262 Harvesting machinery. A critical examina- interesting history of the cellular theory of tis·· Hot air drying apparatus, Redfern's . . . . . . *64

tion of some of the mowing machines which sue-structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7, 1 40, 1 42, 1.J,4 Hot air engine, lilder's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 are in practical use at the present time, by E. History, unwritten, and how to read it, by Prof. Hot air engine, tlie Sachensenberg . . . . . . . . . *162 Samuelson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,. 292 John Evans. A valnable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Hot air engine, Todt's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284

Harvey, William, statue of, at Folkestone.*300 Hive bee, origin of the cells of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 9 Hot air engine, Van Renne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *247 Harvey, William, the discoverer of the circula· Hoarseness, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 H o t air engines vs. gas and steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

tion of the blood. With portrait and an illustra- Hog-cholera, or pneumo·enteritis, its nature H o t air stoves and hot-water chimneys . . * 213 tion of an event i n his life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 168 and treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 8 Hotbed frames, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271

Harvey, William, the remains of, by Benj. W. Hoist, electric, Hopkinson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 8 1 Hotbeds. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Hichardson, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 60 Hoist, hydraulic, for docks, Mavillier's . . . . *107 Hot-blast, mode of operation in iron furnaces.

Hats, felt, how made, and what diseases the HOisti hydrauliC, Tangye's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *286 by J. I,. Bel! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 workmen suffer from,. by L. Dennis, M.D . . . 19 1 Hoist ng apparatus, Pyott's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 2 Hot-blast process, Neilson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

HatsJ straw, recipes for bleach'g and dyeing-.277 Hoisting engine, Williamson Bros.' . . . . . . . *35 Hot-blast stove..! Weimer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 Hauling engine underg-round, Fowler's. * 1 56 Hoisting Olachlnery for vessels, by H. W. Pen- Hotel de Ville, .paris, and its great clock . . * 347 Haw-allan Islands, volcanic phenomena of dred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *234 Hotel of the Patrons of Industry at the Centen-

382 Hoisting, pneumatic system of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 nial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 30 Haw-sers, steel-wire vs. hemp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Hoisting ro�es, loads and strains on, interesting Hot pressing, apparatus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *224 Haw-sers, steel and hemp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 facts concernmg, by W. S. Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Hot w-ater as a plant restorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Hay as food for hog-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Hollo'Yay, Thomas, biographical sketch of and Hot w-ater ehimne�s . . . . . '.' . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . *�1.3 Hay cOD1pressor, Albaret's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 23 portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Hot water, therapeutICal drmkmg of, Its orlgm Hay Cever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 95 Homestead, for fifty cows, prize desig-n. *289 and nse, by E. Cutter, M.D. , with full directions Hay fever and asthma. A lecture by Prof. Homreopathlc law, the range of in the practice for nsing the remedy, and an enumeration of

Alonzo Clark, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 of medicine, by Dr. W. B. A. Scott . . . . . . . . . . . 97 the diseases in which it i s usefu! . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Hay Fever Association, report of committee on Honey extractor ... cen�rifugal, Emmons' . . *46 Hot water treatment, clinical notes on . . . . . . . 1 1 7

scientific facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Honey w-asps ana theIr nests . . . . . . . . .. . . . . *239 Hot-w-ater heating apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Hay Cever, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 HooC-cushions, rubber ; figures of the two House at Farnham, Eng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Hay, green, value of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 kinds of India-rubber hoof-cushions that have House at Holly Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 325 Haymaking, valuable suggestions upon . . . . 8 3 come into use, and o f the device employed for House at Nottmg-ham Park, Kent . . . . . . . . . . *410 Hay-press, Pilter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *37 1 fastening them into the horse's shoe . . . . . . . * 1 7 8 House building on a sand.hill, by J . J . De Hay-rlcking apparatus, Hill's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 Hooke, Robert. An account of his life and la- Kinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 297 Headache, cong-estive, tne treatment of, by Dr. bors, by O. S. Murray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 House drainage, abstract of a lecture by Ed-

J. L. Corning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Ii Hooks, safety, Booth and Sugden's . . . . . . . . *252 ward S. Philbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242, *243 Headache, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 H o p analysis, principles of, by G. O. Cech.303 House drainage, by James R. Willett . . . . . . . . *32 Headache, sick. A valuable study of the con- Hop-culture m New York, by E. G. Bissell. l 05 House drainage, sewerage, and ventilation, by

ditions, symptoms, and treatment of sick head- Hop-resin, .its nature and properties . . . . . . . . 220 R. Middleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 aches, by Dr. T. C. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Hops, chemlstry or . . . . . . . : .. . . . . . · · · · · · · · .: . .. . . 37;J H?use for the country costmg $:600 to $eO? ... de-

Headache, sick, cause of, by Dr. Savage . . . . 3 5 7 Hops, on the repeated boilmg of, by DI . Schnm- SIgns and plans for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * ;s40 Headache, Sick, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 der . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 House, half-timbered, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 137 Headache, varIOUS remedies for, by eminent Hornbeams (Carpinus), the species o f . . . . *421 House of Parliament, Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *428

physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Hornets and wasps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 Ho ose of the fifteenth centnry, ]'rance . . . * 369 Headaches from eye·strain, by Dr. S. Weir Horns, fog, and sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 House, old, Hereford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39G

Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Horograph, a new electric pen . . . . . . . . . . . * 18 3 Houset $2J500, plans and specifications for . . *394 Headaches, how to treat, by Dr. F. A. Simm

205ns8. Horograph for schools, Matthey's . . . . . . . . *373 HousehOld ornalJlents, by G. M. Hopkins.

Horse and his fossil ancestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 53 Directions for the easy manufacture o f a great Health and sewage of towns, practical experi- Horse-breaking by electricity . . . . . . . . . . . *208 variety of beautiful objects for the adornment

ence with the dry system, by Dr. Alfred Carpen- Hor�e, cart, . show. at London, with large illus· !Jf �h<:; P!!rlor and home, of w,?od, b'.'t finished ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 tratIOn of prlze ammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *328 m ImItatIOn of bronze ware, mcludmg vases,

Health and skill, how to promote, by Dr. W. St. Horse-clipping, a defense of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 urns, medallions, card receivers, brackets, match

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Horse dentistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 safes, picture frames, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 ;h Horse detacher, Ehret's • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('29 House -fly, developm't of, by M. B. Robson.*202

Nichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 Horse disease, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 House plants, how to cultIVate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Health, laws of importance of a knowledge of, Horse, good, points of. Report of the committee House trimmings, ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . *68

by Thomas Bond, F.R.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 appointed by the New England Agricultural Houses at Leicester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 17 Health, public. An address before the British Society to decide upon rules for guidance of H o " "es, cheap, several designs for . . . . . . . . * 3 87

Sanitary Congress, by Douglas Galton . . . . . . . 359 judges of horses. An excellent guide in select· Houses, conntry, cheap, design for. *340, Heart disease, organic, treatment of, by Dr. ing- animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03 *3 59, *387, *394

William Pepper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 72 Horse, how to tell the age of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 Houses, dwelling, hints on building-, by W. Hen-Heart, palpItation of, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Horse Oledicine bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Heat, Arctichof former times, causes of . . . . . 1 7 4 �orse, motiOns. of, scientifically co!,�idereq, with Hou�es, dwelling, sanitary appliances for, by F. Heat and Jig t ; an interesting paper, by Robert :J2 figures showmg the several pOSItIOns of body Bottmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('869

Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 and limb assumed by the horse in walking and Ho u ses, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Heat conduction, in hig-hly rarefied air, byWm. trotting, from instantaneous photographs. * 1 5 8 Houses, English, memorable : Newton's, Flax-

Crookes . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Horse, Percheron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 246 man's, Canning's, and Jt?hnson's . . . . . . . . . . . *312 Heat developed in forging, experiments on . *41 5 Horse, perfect, and how to measure 111m ; de- Houses, glass, constructIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Heat, mechanical, equivalent of, electro-magneto sc!'iptlon of the celebrated Ke';1tucky .Prin'.'e, Hous'.'s, healthy, rules for securing, by Robert

determination of, by Marcel Deprez . . . . ' " .*356 WIth table of measures,. an� an lllustratlVe dlU- Rawlmson, Q.E . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Heat from friction, machine to obtain . . . . . *271 gram showing the applIcatIon of the system to Houses, quamt, at BrIstol, Eng . . . . . • . . . . . . . *l li9 Heat, lig-ht, and electricity, are they expressions any horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Houses, ve/letable, plans �or . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

of the same force, by PrOf. Elihu Gray. A val- Horse proportions and conformations of. An Hud son's Bay, e�ploratIOn of. '1'he r�sults of uable and interesting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 engra�ng showing the skeleton and outline of a five years' work by the Canada GeologICal Sur . .

Heat in muscular action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 perfect horse, along with name of part, propor- vey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Heat in relation to chemical action. An account tions, and familiar terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;('225 HUOlan liCe, the phenomena of, by John Tyn-

of some of the results that have been obtained by Horse, race, Blair Athol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *355 dall. A valuable paper . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 9�

AJre�ime��s . I� . ��.erIllo�c��stry: . b� .1I29I "th�.D�:��: .��u�.i�: . �.��t . �Ill��.n . ��n��90J H:ym:e�rr��I:ck�iJ� .�.�at

.'s t�� .��.a��.g IN

Heat, mechanical equivalent of, apparatus for iI- Horse, race, Martini Henry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 424 HUlllan racel age .of .. b£', Prof. B. F. Mudge. 195 lustrating-, Puley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 Horse, race, Sir Bevys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *185 Hunting by e ectrIC hg .t . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . *391

Heat, prickly, how to cure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Horse, race, St. Blaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Huxler, Thomas H. BIOgraphICal sketch, WIth Heat, radiant, action of an intermittent beam of. , Hor"e, race, Verneuil, win'r of Ascot Cup.*1 36 portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40�

upon gaseous matter, by Prof. John Tyndall.272 Horse, Sefton, winner of the Derby . . . . . . . * 1 34 Hyacinth bulbs, by Grant Allen . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Heat, solar and sidereal, origin of, by Prof. H orse stables, floors for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Hydrant, injector, fire extinction, by J. H .

Damel Kirkwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Horse, the American, by E. L. Berthoud . . . . 311 Greathead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Heat, solar, apparat. to measure, Ericsson's. *70 Horse, t.rotting, American, evolution of the. by Hydrants, how to get large streams from . *256 Heat, solar, prmting by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 7 Prof. William H. Brewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Hydraulic ae cu D1u lator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2;J0 Heat, specific, how determined i n liquids . and Horse, trotting, Bend Or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239 Hydraulic and other cements, by Q . A. GIll·

solids ; how determined in gases ; difference Horse, trotting, Don Cossack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 273 more, U.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 between the phenomena presented by the RPe· Horse, trotting, Luke Blackburn . . . . . . . . . . *269 Hydraulic brake, !larker's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 cific heat of gases and of liquids and solids . . 264 I Horses and cattle, carrots as a food for . . . . . . 45 Hyd�aullc canal lIl't on the Weaver, England,

Heater and purifier, feed-water, Strong-'s . . *363 I Horses, calculus in, how to treat. . . . . . . . . . . . 53 by SIdengham Duer, R.Sc., C.� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 Heater, feedwater, Fromentin's . . . . . . . . . . . *346 I Horses, care of, hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 19 Hydraulic capstan and wmdlass, Twed<'el 's, Heater, feed-water, improved, Atkinson's.* 141 Horses, cart, exhibition of, London . . . . . . . ;(-277 *21 7

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LA RGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED W ITH ENGRAVINGS. PRIOE �o OENTS PER N UMBER. MUNN � CO . • 861 BROAD WA Y. NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE. GIVE THE NUMBERS.


374 A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONT AINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Hydraul�c celDent, white, recipe . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 HydraulIc celDents, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Hydraulic cotton Poress, compound . . . . * 1 14 Hydraulic crane, loo-ton, Armstrong's . . . *20 Hydraulic dredging lDachine, Ne�1'(;;� Hydraulic dulDping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 Hydraulic elevator for canals . . . . . . . . . . . *334 HydrauJic elevators and motors, by B. F. Jones.

392 Hydraulic engineering, construction of sea

walls in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209 Hydraulic experilDents, recent, having for

object the finding of a good mode of discharge measurements for large canals and the testing of existing formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Hydraulic experiments with large apertures at Holyoke, Mass., by Gen. T. G. Ellis . . . . . . . . . . 1 8

Hydraulics,- experiment in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X·353 Hydraulic filter-press for treating oleag'inous

seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *358 HydraUlic flanging and straightening rna·

chine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300 Hydraulic hOist.t. improved, Mavillier's . . *1 07 Hydraulic hoist, Tangye's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *286 Hydraulic joint cut-off, Jarre's . . . . . . . . *332 Hydraulic lilDe, artificial, manufacture of near Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1

Hydraulic lDachine tools, by R. H . Twed· dell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Hydraulic mach. tools for ship-building . . . -l('266 Hydraulic lDachinery. A valuable paper, by

Prof. Perry, treating of the theory- of waterwheels, turbmes, water-pressure engme� presses, hoists, pumps, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36u, *373

Hydraulic machinery, St. Gothard Tunnel. *7 Hydraulic machinery for operating the lock

��e�n�� . �h� . . ��.s .��. ��:'i

.�� . ��.��' .��8� Hydraulic machinery of the Royal Aqnarium,

London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14 Hydraulic lDinlng in California, full details of,

by A. J. Bowie, M.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 106 Hydraulic lDining at Dntch Flat . . . . . . . . . . 48 Hydraulic organs, ancient, by A. De Rochas.

*354 Hydraulic pile driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *237 Hydraulic press, Brinck and Hubner's . . -l(-3 8 7 Hydraulic press for iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 1 7 Hydraulic press, Perry's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 Hydraulic propulsion, a new system of, by

Vice-Admiral .I. H. Selwyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Hydraulic punching and shearing machine,

Chapman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *75 Hydraulic raID, Montgolfier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 Hydraulic rams the earliest and the latest forms

explained, by C. L. Hett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 HydrauliC rams, usefnl information concern-ri��riiuiic' riveter fo� 'ships; ·keels·. '. : : : : : *2A� Hydraulic riveting machines, Tweddell's .·lH40 Hydraulic shears. Tweddell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 Hydraulic stealDboat, new, Maginot and Pi-

nette's , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 Hydraulic steering gear, Lafargue's . . . *142 Hydraulic telegraph, Montblanc and Gaul·

ard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *334 Hydraulic translDission of power. . . . . . . 68 Hydraulic tunneling lDachine, Crampton's.

*379 Hydrocarbon engine, Brayton's . . . . . . . . . . *58 Hydrocarbous, gaseous. heat of combus�5n8 Hydro-dynalDic experiments, Bjerknes'. * 3 5 5 Hydro-dyualDolDeter, Pellat's . . . . . . . . . *399 Hydro-extractors, Frcnch, improved . . . • )10 1 7 .i Hy:drogen and oxyg'en, liquefaction of, by Raoul

PlCtet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Hydrogen gas, apparatus for manufacturing,

Giffard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,"f 1 5 3 Hydrogen gas, apparatus for manufacturing on

a large scale, Tissandier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *413 ��dr:?gen ga�\ new process and appa.ratus.

lessle du Motas s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *241 Hydrogep., peroxide of, as a deodorant and disin-

fectant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Hydrogen, peroxide of, its preparation and

uses, by George E. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 84 Hydrogen, peroxide of, its use for medicinal

and bleachmg purposes, by Dr. P. Ebell . . . . . 339 Hydrogen, solidification of, by R. Pictet . . . . 128 Hydrogen sulphide from coal gas, by Prof. I.

Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *384 Hydrogen, sulphureted, appal'. , Kahler's . . *25 8 Hydrogen, sulphureted, apparatus for making

small quantities of, by Peter Hart . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Hydrogen, sulphureted, new method of prc-

paring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 HydrolDeter scale, Baume's, by J. Tagliat;t'29 HydrolDotor, Fleischer's, a new steam vessel

propelled by water jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *308 Hydrophobia, a case of, byC. C. Pike, M.D. 125 Hydrophobia, a case of, and recovery, by Jas.

Nicholls, M.D. One of the most valuable contributions that the literature of hydrophobia has received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 '2'

Hydrophobia, a succ",ssful treatment of . . . 1 2 8 Hydrophobia, curare and other cures for .230 Hydrophobia, injections of the virus of into

the circulation do not cause rabies, and seem to confer immunity therefrom, by V. Galtier .. 3 52

Hydrophobia, specific for, by Dr. Grzyvala . . 63 Hydro phobia, treatment of by oxygen . . . . . . 8 '2' Hydrophobia, virus of, experiments with .276 Hydrostatic balance, Wackermann's . . . *224 HYl1.'lene, a lecture by R. Southey, M.D . . . . . . 1 5 7 Hygiene in the higher education of women, by

A. H. Bennett, M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . 2 1 5 Hygiene, school, by Dr. D . F . Lincoln . . . . . . 1 0 HYl1.'rolDeter for mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 34 HygrolDeter, new, Klinkerfues' . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14 HygrolDeter, registering, Richard's . . . . . . *379 HygrolDeter, rustic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 Hylozoic lIlaterialislDl by R. Lewins,M. D.291 Hypnotlsln, by George J. Romanes . . . . . . . . . 148 HypnotislIl i n Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'2'1 HypnotislD, the phenomena of. A very inter-

esting vaper by Drs. Bourneville and Regnard, describmg the various methods of inducing hypnotic sleep or a cataleptic state in human sub-jects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')10295

Hypochondriasis, by Dr. A . L . Loomis . . . l '2'4 H

l:'t:�t'ct��t��t .�f .�! Ill.etal��1f3 Hysterical sOlDnalDbulislD and catalepsy, in-

duced, by Prof. Charcot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 I

Ice age, evidences of, by H. Woodward . . . . . . -l(· 76 Ice, anchor, how formed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Ice and iron, analogies between the properties of,

by T. Wrightson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Ice and water, properties, by J . Y . BuchananA06 Ice, artificial, for skatmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ice, artificial production of at the Manchester Ice·

making Co.'s works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·91 Icebergs and g'laciers, a new study of . . . . . . . . 342 IL�:�[�';�h��i.��.�:: . . �b��ct .��. �. �.�:�2�1) Ice boat sailing faster than the wind, graphic de-monstration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54, *61

Ice boats, their construction and management, with working drawings, details, and directions in full. Four engravings, showing mode of con· struction, by H. A. Horsfall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1

Ice breaking vessel, Swedish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8'2' Ice cavern o f Dobschau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *195 Ice, how to preserve at the bedside . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Ice, hot. A note on the existence o f ice and other

bodies in the solid state at temperatures far above their ordinary melting points, by Prof. Thos. Carnelley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Ice, hot, a repetition of Carnelley's experiments, with variations, by J. B. Hannay . . . . . . . . . . . *289

Ice house and cold rooms . . Description of an ice house suitable for farm use, with elevation, sep-tions, and plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *59

Ice house, cheap, how to construct . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 5

1?r��U��y�g� ��i��s,. �.�� .��r�H� :� �g: to��gfi�f�g�h 'press;how' made: : 191 Ice houses, cheap, how to construct . . . . . . . . . . *99 Ink, indelIble, for rubber stamp, how made. 23 Ice lDachine. chlor. meth�?, Vincent's . . . *358 Ink, indelible, formula for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Ice machine, domestic, Tose Ii's . . . . . . . . . . . . . " *32 Ink, invisible, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 89 Ice machine, Linde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 1 Ink printing, direct, from glass negatives, 1'ro· Ice machines, production of cold in . . . . . . . . . . . 238 cess for, by H. Brand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 Ice machines worked by compressdJ air (see Air). Ink, printing, how to make indelible . . . . . . . . . 2 1 Ice making and machines, by W. N . Hartley. 8 5 Ink, purple, for marking linen, recipe for . . . 1 7 Ice making machine, SIdeley and Mackay-'s . . * 7 3 Ink stains, how to remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 Ice making machinery at the skating rmk, I.on- Ink, stamping, indelible, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . 3'2'3 don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 Ink, writing, black, recipe f0r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26'2' Ice, medicated, by Dr. J . V . Mott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Ink, writing, non-corrosive, recipe for . . . . . . 209 Ice, physical properties of, by Dr. Jno. Rae . . 1 7 1 Inker, telegraph, Devo's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 7 Ice-skating in summer ; the Glaciarum, Lon- Inks, aniline, several formulas for . . . . . . . . . . . 230 don, with illustrations of the ice making rna- Inks, copying, aniline black, and powder and chinery employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 tabletj preparation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Ice, the a'ie of, by H . B . Norton . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Inks, ithographic, machine for grinding, Alau. Ice under ow pressures. by S. Young . . . . . . . *381 zet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *388 Ice under lOW pressures, experiments on, b1)

Inks, method o f detecting, by W . Thomson, , Thomas (Jarnelley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 F.R.S.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Ice, regelation of, experiment on . . . . . . . . . . . *243 Inks, various recipes for : Writing, indelible, Ice yachts fast. Full description and complete copying, marking, sympathetic, drawing, stencil, working drawings of ice boats of the latest and gold, silver, indestructible, shoemaker's,etc. 1 5 '2' best construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 Inks, writing, aniline, how to make . . . . . . . . . . 89 Ice yacht Icicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *61 InorganiC cOlDpounds, molecular properties Ice yachts�pecd of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *214, *220 of, and thcir actIOn upon the living animal or. Ice yacht hiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 ganism, by Dr. James Blake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Ice yachti why it sails faster than the wind . . *61 Insane AsylulD" State, New Jersey . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 Ichthyo , dermato-therapeutic uses of . . . . . . 3 84 Insane Asylum, :,;tate, Pennsylvania, new . . . 289 Igneous rocks, an address before the British As- Insane, care of, by H. Wardner, M.D . . . . . . . . 321 sociation, 1�80, by H. C . Sorby. An important Insane, care of, report of New York State Com-geological paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 mittee of Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 346 lIang-lIang .oil, by- F .. A. Fluckiger . . . . . . . . 288 Insane, the rights of, by C. H. Hughest,¥.D.38 6 Illinois, glaCIal perIOd m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AOO Insane, treatment of at Gheel, by Dr. w . J. Mor-11IuIDinating agents, solid and liquid, by L. ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Field, treating of the composition of fatty Insanity from alcohol, by Dr. A . Baer . . . . . . A1 5 bodies, and processes for separating them to ob- In .. anity in the U. States, by T. J. Hutton . . . 122 tain palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids . . . . . . . *403 Insanity, philosophy of, by Dr. John Sanderson Illusion, optical, curious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *285 Christison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Illusion, optical, curious, by R. A. Proctor . 1 94 Insect, a strange ; the basket carrier, or houseIlDage. reversal of on gelat.-bromide plates. 267 building caterpillar, by William H. Gibson. * 1 3 8 IlDplelDents of the stone age, how made . . . 198 Insect destroyer of wheat, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'2' Inclined plane at Briancon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 0 Insect destroyers o f books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 3 8 Inclned planes of the Morris Canal, N. J. His- Insect killer, Pyrethrum the best . . . . . . . . . . 247 tory of the canal, construction, service, operation In"ect pests, to protect trees and vines from.298 of£lanes, expense, etc., by H. M. Wilson . *373 Insect pests in libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 201 Inc illed planes a Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Insect po",der, experiments with . . . . . . . . . 1 79 Inclination an declination, magnetic ; appara- Insecticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 tus to determine, Stroumbo 's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 60 Insecticides, by Dr. H. Behr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Incubation, artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 Insecticides, two valuable, London purple and Incubator, electric . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Pyrethrum powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8 Incubator, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *380 Insects and flowers, mutual relations of . . . . . 298 Incubator for the stage, microscopic, new . *68 Insects and how to fight them . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Index plates for gear cutting, how made.*31 '2' Insects and other small objects, how to electro-India and Ceylon, Prof. Hmckel in . . . . . . . . . . . 348 type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 India rubber and gutta percha industries. A Insects, exotic, curious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 196 series o f six lectures by Thomas Bolas, F.C.S. A Insects, destruction of by moulds . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 very comprehensive, interesting, and instructive Insects injurious to vegetation, notes on . . . . 363 paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *249, *25 1 , 252 Insects, injurious, how to exterminate, by An-Iudia rubber, how gathered in Colombia . . . . . 3 1 8 drew Murray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 India rubber, new sources of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Insects, noxious, how t o destroy . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 5 India rubber, Para and Ceara, and balsam of Insects, scale, by Prof. Comstock. A paper of copaiba trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 great value to horticulturists, giving the natural India rubber plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 history of these pests and shOwing how they may India rubber trees, cultivation of in India . . 279 be exterminated . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 India rubber, trees that yield . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8, 325 . . Insects, simple directions for collecting, preserv-Indian skin-scrapers, by Dr. C. C. Abbott.* 1 4 ing, and packing, by Frederick Le Roy Sargent. Indian stone tubes and tobacco pipes, by C. C. *333 Abbott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33 Insects under glass, how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 Indian tribes of the Hudson's Bay Co.'s terri- Insects, vitality of in noxious gases . . . . . . . . . 3 73 tories . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346, 34'2', 348 Insensibility from deficiency of oxygen in the Ind�cator, automatic, for signaling passage of air, by William Wallace, Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 86 trams, DllCO';!SSO's . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . : . . . . . . . . *380 InstrulDents. scientific, delicate, by Edgar L. Indicator, bIlge-water, for ShIPS, Impr'd . . * 1 1 2 Larkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 88 IndIcator cards taken at St. Louis water works, Insulator, improved, Crighton's . . . . . . . . . . . *222 by A. J. Chaphe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 123 I Insulators, telegraph, improved . . . . . . . . . . . * 102 Indicator, speed, Darke's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *228 Integrating lDachine, Boys' . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 288 Ind!cator, electric, for steam boilers . . . . . * 1 73 Integrator, the Amsler-Laffon . . . . . . . . . . . . *247 Indicator fo,:" water channels . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 Integrator, totalizing, Abakanowicz's . . . . -l('369 Indic,ator, plstonless, Kenyon s . . . . . . . . . . . *233 Intellect, influence of age on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Ind!cator, speed, Depre�'s . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . *356 IntenSIfication for wet plate negatives of line Indicator, speed, for trams, Westmghouse . *64 engravings, easy method of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Indicator, speed, Harding and Willis' . . . . . * 107 Intensifier for wet plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 8 Indicator, speed, Moss' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Intensifiers, mercury, by C . I . Burton and Indicator, speed, Normanville's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 Arthur P. Laurie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 Indicator, speed, Napier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 .� Intensifier, new, for line work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 '2' Iudicator, speed, Theiler's . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9l! InterlDittent fever, pilocarpin in, by Gaspar Indicator, speed, Wiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Griswold, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Indicator, stability, for ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *385 Inula glandulosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *361 Indicator, strain, Stromeyer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *257 Invalids, how to feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Indicator, tidal, registering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 Invention, ethics of, by an old technologist.3 1 8 Indicators for alkalimetry, by E. J. Hallock.325 Inventions of the century. Abstract of a lec-Indicators for noxious gases, Coquillon's. * 102 ture by Prof. Pliny E. Chas6l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Indicators. tidal and river-water, self-register- Inventions of women at the Centennial . . . . 34

ing . . . . . . . . . : . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 Iodide and bromide emulsion, new way to pre-Indigo, artIfiCIal preparatIOn, hIstory of, by Carl pare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Schorlemmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Iodine in cod liver oil, by M . Mitchell Bird . . 325 Indigo, method of fixing on printed fabrics. 82 Iodine and bromine,apparat. to separate . . , -1(.228 Indigo, method of recovering from spent vats Iodine and bromine, manufacture of from kelp,

by G. H. Underwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 by Robert Galloway, l!'.c.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49 Indigo sulph. preparat'n of, by M. Van Laer.1 73 Iodine, bromine, nitrate of potash, and soda, Induction balance and sonometer, by Geo. M. manufacture of from kelp, by T. Schmidt . . . 1 1 6

Hopkins ; details of construction, accompanied Iodine, extraction of from seaweeds . . . . . . . . 246 with fig�reS, of a new .and convenient for!" .of Iodine, preparation, tests, combinations, etc., by Hughes apparatus) WhICh may be used to dlstm- C. Ehrmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . A31 guish between metals and alloys by a method 10�oCorlD for diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . 3 73 hItherto unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *196 Irldio-platinulD, manufacture of, by G. Mat-

Induction balance Hughes, experiments. * 2 8 9 they-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 83 Induction balance, Hughes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 84 IridlulD and platinum, purification of . . . . . . . 194 Induction COil, a few experiments with. A Iron, addition of tungsten to, for obtaining steel

paper by Geo. M. Hopkins, describing a number of great hardness, and of moderate hardness of interesting experiments with the induction combined with high ductile capacity, byR. Aker· coil, which exhibit phenomena peculiar to the man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 secondary cu�rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . -l!: 16� Iron, amalga�, how to clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Induction COlI, how to make ; full and plam d,- Iron and coal m Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 rections for constructing the apparatus, accom- Iron and coal i n Brit. Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20 panied with a complete set of working drawings, Iron and concrete as a building material. . . . . 1 22 by Geo. M. Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 60 Iron, anti·corrosion paint for, recipe . . . . . . . . 4 1 5

Induction coil, large, Spottiswoode's . . . . . . *229 Iron and its constituents i n regard t o pharmaceu-Induction coil, regulator for, Floyd's . . . . . * 1 52 tic preparations, by H. G. Debrunner . . . . . . . . 1 02 Induction coil, Spottiswoode's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 74 Iron and othermctals,overstrain in; a new method Inducti ·n coils and electro-magnets, improve- of detecting, and its application in the investiga-

ments in, by 'I'. Trowbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 tion of the causes of accidents to bridges and Induction, experiment on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *225 other constructions, by R.H. Thurston . . . . . * 13 8 Induction in telephone lines, by J. W. Urquhart, Iron and steel analysis, flltra. of carbon in. *216 C .E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 1 Iron and steel. A paper by Edward Williams on

Induction lDachine, Voss' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *291 the present status of the iron making industry Induction, phenom. of, by Prof. E.J. Houston. 6 and on the production of steel in bulk by the Induction, phenomena of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34'2' newer processes for railway requirements, ship Induction spark, heat phenomena of . . . . . 373 building, and other constructive works . . . . . 1 8 1 Induction, volta electric, by W . Smith . . . . *4 1 7 Iron and steel, application of wolfram in the ludustrIal art for women, carpet design 'g .. 3 15 manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 2 Industrial chelDlstry, progress of, by J . W . Iron and steel as constructive materials, progress

Mallet . 1 8 6, 1 8 8 , 204, 214, 221 , 232, 237, of, by J. A. Picton, F.S.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 261 , 277, 28'2' Iron and steel at the Centennial Ex . . 27, 30, 3 1

Industrial education, new feature in . . *230 Iron and steel, by Dr. C. W. Siemens. An interIndustrial science� recent progress of, abstract esting and valuable paper, containing accounts

of address by E. A. uowper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 of the most recent practical improvements in InebrietYt a medical study of obscure cases, by the production, working, and application of

'1' . D. Crothers, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 these two metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'0. '2'1 Inebriety, chloral, by Dr. J. B. Mattison . . . . 212 Iron and steel by Knowles' process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Inebr:.iety, tob!1cco, by Dr. A. B. Arnold . . . . . 294 Iron and steel, carbon in, determination of, by A. Inertia, experIments on . . . . . . . . .. . . *243, *24'2' S. McCreath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Inertia, an illustration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Iron and steel� carbon in, new method of deter-InCant, biographical sketch of, by Chas. Darwin. mining, by N. B. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1

An interesting account of the progress of mental Iron and steel castings, how to prevent honey-development in one of the author's children . . . 8 6 combs in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6

Intant, development of mind in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25'2' Iron and steel corrosion, Mr. Bessemer's experi. InCant, health in the, conditions of. A valuable ments on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

paper, by W. B . Atkmson, M.D.1 upon a subject Iron and steel, direct process, Bull's . . . . . . . . *380 on which the books are nearly si ent . . . . . . . . . 163 Iron and steel, direct process for, by Jacob

InCernal lDachine, Thompson's . . . . . . . . . . . * 10 Reese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 Inhalation, vapors for, in sore throat . . . . . . 2 7 1 Iron and steel en masse, estimation of the total Initials, ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *259 carbon in, by Sydney C. Jutsum . . . . . . . . . . . *220 Injection apparatus" constant pressure, new Iron and steel, evident magnetism in, cause of,

form of, by William Libbey, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . *353 by Prof. D. E. Hughes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390. *392 lujection PUIDP, automatic, Laurent and Col- Iron and steel from the ore, a new process of

lot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *358 making, by W. A. Lyttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24 In.jector for corros. liquids, Hemptinne's . . *32'2' Iron anll steel, how to bluc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 Iu�ector, l!'riedmann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 Iron and steel manufacture, by W . Mattieu Wil· InJector, Giffard, expel'. on the theory of . . *212 Iiams. An interesting account of the process of In�ector, Hall's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 3 con verting iron into steel by the Bessemer pro· InJector hydrant for fire extinction, by J. H. cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *43

lireathead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Iron and steel manufacture, ;mprovem'ts in. 77 Injector, improved, Hart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 Iron and steel plates, the effect of punching on, In.jector, locomotive, KOrting's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *57 by A. C. Kirk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 InJectors, feed-water; descriptions and illustra- Iron and steel, preservation of, by Barff and

tion8 of various systems in use based on the Gif- Bower processes, with plans and elevations of fard 9.pparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *356 furnaces and description of operation . . . . . *28'2'

Iron and steel, progress and improvements in the manufacture of, ani the future of the industry, by Bernard Samuelson, M.P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 8

Iron and steel, properties of, by Daniel Adamson, C.E. A valuable record of experiments to prove the tensile strength of these metals, both in' the shape of bar and plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X· 1 50

Iron and steel, sulphur in, estimation of . . . *362 Iron and steel1 tests for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Iron and stee under the Hay process, by A. T.

Hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Iron and steel works, American, by A . L. Holley

and Lenox Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Iron and steel, wrought, the direct process of

making, by C. M. Du Puy, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 7 Iron as a building material. A comprehensive

review. giving the objections to the architectural use of iron, and its advantages ; how to treat iron artistically ; cast and wrought iron under fire ; valuable suggestions how to use iron in fire-proof structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1

Il"on as a natural constituent of wines, by C . R. AlderWrig·ht . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Iron, bar, mill for dressing and rounding . . . * 3 62 Iron bars, straight and round, planishing 01 by

the Butler process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Iron, cast, furnace for refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . *248 Iron, cast, in architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Iron, cast, porOSity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 Iron, cast, thin, process of tinning . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Iron castings, malleable, metb. of making.399 Iron castings, shrillkag'e strains in, by Alfreo E.

Watkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Ironclad ships (see Ships and Steamers). Iron, coal required to puddle a ton of . . . . . . . . 76 Iron, coating to protect from rust . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Iron COlDpauy, Bethlehem, works of, by A. L.

Holley and L. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-93 Iron, corrosion of, by Wm. Foster, M .A . . . . . . 228 Iron, corrugated, rolling-mill for making. ·*286 Iron, deposition of copper on, in a magnetic field,

by Ira Remsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Iron direct from the blast furnace in the Besse

mer process, discussion on at the Iron ano Steel Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Iron, effect of magnetism in toughening . . . . 256 Iron, effects of crystallization upon, by N . B.

Wood, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Iron electrotypes, solution for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Iron embedded 1I1 brick work, expansion of . 347 Iron, finely divided, conduct of toward nitrogen,

by Ira Remsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Iron, floating, atmospheric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Iron, foreig'n constituents of, methods of esti-

mating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Iron Corging, heat developed in, experiments

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*415 Iron forging, manual, substitution o f the Has-

well squeezin� process for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Iron Cronts for buildings, and their decoration,

by J. P. Putnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 00 Iron, galvanizing, zinc bath for . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 16 1 Iron hil ls o f Cornwall, Pa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2' Iron, how to bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 , 235 Iron, how to caseharden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Iron, how to coat with copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 Iron, how to galvanize. A valuable paper . . 1 76 Iron, how to inlay pearl on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 224 Iron, ingot, and soft steel, Harvey process . . 94 Iron, inoxidation of, and coating metals and

other surfaces with platinum by the processes of Mr. Dode, by L. M. Stoffel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7'2'

Iron, linseed oil as a protection for, by Mr. VI m. Foster, M.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Iron, mag'netic, a hill of in Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 trun, magnetic, polarity in, by Jos. Wood . . A26 Iron lDaking direct tram the ore, Bromfield's

process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 64 Iron making, natural gas in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Iron, metals which accompany it in its ores, by

A. 't'erreil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Iron, meteoric, of Santa Catarina, by Stanislas

Meunier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *148 Iron, method of assaying, by Bruno Kerl. A

valuable technical raper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 6, * 22 Iron, microscopica examination of, notes on.

A paper by A. Martens, demonstrating the practicability of determining the comparative value of different kinds of iron by microscopic exami-nation . . . . . . . . . . . . *� 65, *1 �8, *1 72, * 1 74

Iron, molten, magnetIzatIOn of . . . . . . . . . , . . . -l(' 1 92 Iron, new process for, Bell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Iron, new process for, by Wm. Batty . . . . . . . . * 21 Iron" new method of coating with magnetic

oxide, by G. R. Tweedie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 83 Iron ore, crystalline, origin of, by Dr. J . S . ]Sew-

berry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78 Iron ores, different qualities of, by J . Reese . . 278 Iron ores, reduction of ; various methods that

have been proposed for manufacturing wrought iron by the direct process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Iron oxides, new mode of treating. . . . . . . . . . 84 Iron oxide, spent, treatment of t o obtain Prussian

hlue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'9 Iroll, pig, production of in the U. States . . . 1 2'2' I ro n pi pe, under pressure, proper thickness.1 92 Iron pipes, large, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . *419 Iron plates, hydraulic press for . . . . . . . . . . . *41 7 Iron plate roliing-lDill, Jepson's . . . . . . . . . . *6 Iron plates, cinular, machine for beveling,

Pcdder and A bel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 5 Iron, porcelai." enamel for, how to make . . . . 3 1 4 Iron, preservmg, Barff process . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 3 Iron, protection of by linseed oil, by W . Fost�23 Iron puddling, furnace for,.Bicheroux's*344 Iron, punching', experiments in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Iron pyrites, formation and decomposition of,

by Prof. F. Sandberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Iron rail",a)" ties, and sleepers, by Charles

Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Iron, removal �rom wheat .by magn"'ts . . . , . * 1 7 5 Iron rolls, chilled, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . 34 Iron rooC. 42-ft. span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23'2' Iron rust, prevention of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Iron salt for electrolytic depositing of steel on

copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20'2' Iron, sheet, Russian, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 Iron, sheet, Russian, manufacture of, by H. B.

Froom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Iron sponge, recent improvements in the

manutacture of by the BlaIr process, by J. Ire-land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Iron, spongy and putrescent organic matter, by Gustav Bischof . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *87

Iron structures, preser., by C . G . Smith . . 9 1 Iron surtaces, preservation of, Barff's hot

steam process, Bower's hot air process . . . . . . . 1 26 Iron, the influence of magnetism on the tenacity

of, 15y Prof. Emilio Piazzoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *221 Iron, ton of, fuel used to smelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 Ir n , treatment of to prevent corrosion, Barff

process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74, 1'2'5 Iron tubes, welded. improved process of manu-

facture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 Iron, varnishes for protecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Iron",are, hollow, how enameled . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Iron ",elding. A paper by R. Howson, describ-

ing the improved system of iron welding em-ployed at Low Moor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Iron "'ire" zinc bath for galvanizing . . ' " . . * 34 Iron-",orKing machine, universal. . . . . . . * 33'2' 1)��;u�W��ht

: . ��:.s.t�lli�� . �f: . �xa

.�.��s b� Ironing machine, new, Ruhemann and Jacobi's.

* 1 92 Iron",ork, notes on, by G. Smith . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Irril£'ation i n California, by J . L . Dow . . . . . . 4 1 8 Irrigation in Northeastern Colorado, by P.

O'Meara, Inst.C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8'2' Islands about New York city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Islands of the South Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Israelites, wherc did they cross the Red Sea ? By

A. W. Thayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Ivory and gold, sculpture in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 Ivory and its modern uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 48 Ivory, artificial, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 1 59 Ivory, sources of, by Consul C. B. Webster . . 3 76 IL�

rg;:ntg,��df.:�:. �� . . �� .�.��.�� . ��i.':��.' . �:fl9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLU STRATED WrrH ENGRAVINGS. PR I OE �() OENTS EA OH NUMBER. MUNN � 00., 861 BROAD WA Y, NEW YOBK. - IN OBDEBING PLEASE GIVE THE NUltCB EBS.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS OONTAINED IN 'rHE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 375

•• Lace, thread. American. method of making. *34 Leaves, the power they I!ossess of placing them-Lacquer, Japanese. an analysis of . . . . . . . . . . . 1 73 selves at right angles to mcident light. Abstract

Jaborandi, liuid extract of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Lacquer, Japanese. its manufacture and appll- of a paper by Charles Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Jack-screw-s for raising rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *265 cations. A full and interesting account of the Le Duc-,- Viollet. biographical sketch of, with .) acket, steam. spiral. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 method of lacquering various objects. as prac- portralt . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *202 Jacquard, Marie Joseph. by Hugh McCall. An ticed by the Japanese ; illustrations of the tools Leg, fractures of. new apparatus for. by Dr. O. J.

interesting account of the life and labors of the employed. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *43 Croskerey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 5 inventor of the loom that bears his name . . . . 254 Lacquer work. gold. A very interesting account Lelllllllng, Norwegian. and Its migrations. by

�::::'a�:J �,��:gt��fpr��f��:: �M L��t� ��':,��t7a�\�� 07. ��b.Jl.P1:��;ji� Ll"m.�f.r:�r

th��aY!i of. 'by Dr: a.: X:stocIi!J;r. Japanese, the height and span of . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Lactometer, Soxhlet·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 403 J"pannIng, full details of the process. with Lactometers and lactodensimeters . . . . . . . . . * 7 1 Lens, enlarging. photographic. new. by J. H.

recipes for primings and japans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Ladder, garden. portable. how to make . . . . *219 Dallmeyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236 Jardin d'Acclimatatlon of Parls . . . . . . . . . 239 Lager beer, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 Lenses, achromatism of. cause of and remedy Jardiniere m silver. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 56 Lake basin. Tertiary. new. in the Rocky Moun- for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Java, earth movements in. by R. Proctor . . . . 4 16 tain region. by Robert B. Grinnell and Edward Lenses and plates. how to clean . . . . . . . . . 9 7, 141 Javelle w-ater, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14 S. Dana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Lenses, cameral improved. Steinheil·s . . . . . . . *47 Jaw-, lower. protrusion of and treatment. by Dr . Lake, pitch. of Trinidad. by W. O. Crosby . . 1 74" Lenscs, focus or. quick way to ascertsin . . *385

Geo. S. Allan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 68 1 7a Lenses, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 39 Jeannette Expedition the last of . . . . . . . . . 427 Lake Tahoe, physical studies of. by Prof. John Lenses, howto make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 8 JeIll.' gelatine, as a dialyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 5 Le Conte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294, 295 Lenses, instrument for measuring . . . . . . . . . . . *62 .I ell es, a new adulteration of . . . . . . . ' " . . . . . *232 Lakes, alkaline and boracic. of California. by J. Lenses, photographic. manufacture and charac-Jellies. jams. and preserves. A valuable collec- A. PhllliP'! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 teristics of. by J. T. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :41 5

tion of household recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Lakes, distribution of in the United States, by Lenses, photographic. new. Voigtlander·s . * 1 1 6 Jersey cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *30 Prof. John Le Conte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Lenses, spectacle, newsystemof numberlng.127 .I er I I salem, discovery of ancient church in.415 Lamp, Bunsen. theory of. by Prof. Thorpe . . 67 Leprosy in AmerlCa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 Jerusalelll, temple of. as rebuilt by Herod the Lamp, drop, Taylor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 6 Le"seps, de. Ferdinand. biographical sketch. with

Great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *148 Lamp, electric. for miners. Plante·s . . . . . . . . *414 portrttit of himself and family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *270 Jet for a wash-bottle, Bunsen·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Lamp, electric. Reynier·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�08 Letter-copying process. Adler's . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Jet mining and worki�. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 Lamp, electric (see Electric lamp). Lettuce-growing, structure of greenhouses .Jetties, South Pass. MisslSSippi . . . . *200, *201 Lamp, gas. Clamimd·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *351 for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 Jetty works at the mouth of the MillBi�sippi Lamp, magnesium. Loiseau's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *375 Leveling apparatns, new. Aita's . . . . . . . . . . *87

River. A history of the work. with precise details Lamp, safety. Olding's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149 Leveltng land. Lowe's process for . . . . . . . . . . . *12 of the construction. dimensions. method. etc .• by Lamp, tar oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *258 Levels, nand. new. Abney's and Bohne·s . . . * 1 33 E. D. Cortell. C.E .• Chief Assistant EnIPneer of Lamps, Argand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Leverrler, Jean Joseph, biographical sketch. the works. with 11 illustrations. includmg large Lamps, brass. how to clean and brighten . . . . 1 1 4 with engraving of bust by Preault. , . . . . . . . * 1 8 1 chart of the South Pass and the . lines of the jet- Lamps, perpetual. ?f antiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Lexington (Ca!.) oil belt. development of . . . 205 ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�1 , *28 Lamp-pendant, Sliver, or�mental. . . . . . . . *45 Leyden Jar, a simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271

Jetty works of Galveston harbor . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 Lamp-post, ornamental\ des-Ign for . . . . . . . . . *44 Leyden jar\ Rood's apparatus to determine �vous, W. Stanley. Biographical sketch . . . 3 5 6 Land, arable. how formea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 nature and auration of lts discharge . . . . . . . * 1 68 .:r ew-elry, Italian. and French, modern. designs Landseapes, artistic, how to take . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Leyden jar. apparatus for obtaining long sparks for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 104 Lantern, dissolvin�. Newtonian. impr·d . . . * 104 from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 105

Joan oC Arc, statue of by Leroux . . . . . . . . . *256 Lantern for exhiblting sound waves . . . . . . *�54 Liberty and restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 JOint, screw. differential. for coupling pipes. Lantern, magic. Kircher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *427 Llbrarles, insect pests in. by Dr. H.Hagen .. 20]

Bourry's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 Lantern, magic (see Magic lantern). Library building, a librarlan's notion of what JOint, track and rail. standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *395 Lantern slide, new, Thomson·s . . . . . . . . . . . *104 it should be. by W . F. Poole . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Joints, dovetail, tests of the strength of. by C. P. Lantern traJisparencles, gelatine. how to Library, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 108

Gilbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33 make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Library of Firmin-Didot. sale of. and prices real-Joints on gas and water mains, a novel method of Lantern transparencics. how to color . . . . . . . 423 !zed for rare books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39

forming ; a lead joint calked by hydrostatic Lantern transparencies, how to mak� . . . . . . . . 1 73 Llbrary of Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 109 Lantern transparencies, how to prepare . . . . . 424 Lichens, synthesis of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 126

Joints, pipe. elastic. Roche·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 Laplace, cosmogony of, by D. Kirkwood . . . 210 Liehtdruck with water colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Joints, plumbers'. how to make. A valuable Laplanders, habits ana utensils of . . . . . . . . * 1 62 Lleblg, Biograph. sketch of. with portrait . . * 374

practical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . *309", *3 1 1 Lard." preparation of for use in pharmacy. by LICe-,_ anCient. in America. Address by Prof. O. Joints, riveted. for steam boilers. by G. uawley. ProI. Redwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5 O. Marsh berore the American Association. 1877.

*96 Laryngoscopie examinations, how made. An interesting review of mammalian life in Am-Joints, water and stea�. how to make. By J. * 1 08 erica from its first known appearance in the trias

Rose. A valuable practlCal paper . · . . . . . . . 41 , 43 Larynx, extirpation of.by D. Foulis, M.D.* 1 1 5 down to the present time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 91 Joule, James Prescott. chemist and electrician. Lassell, William. the astronomer. An account LICe and matter. studies of, by H. J. Slack . . . 2 7

Biographical sketch of. by J. T. Bottomley. With of his hfe and researches. byWm. Huggins . . 264 LICe at timber line. by Prof. O. E. Robins . . . . . 1 69 portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363 Lathe, automatic. Heyne's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *406 Lite-boat canoe. Evangelist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 12

Journal box, self-oiling. for car axles. shaftin/;\,. Lathe, compound, and oval eccentr. chuck . * 89 LICe-boat, Chapman·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 saw mandrels. etc., Tomlinson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 8 Lathe for making spokes, Robinson·s . . . . . . *420 Lite-boat, double. with sea-dlviding ends. Jack-

Judges, Americttn and foreign. of the Centennial Lathe for turning piston rods. 8chOnheyder's. *22 son's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 EXhi bition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Lathe, gap. for screw-cutti!}l!'1 Thuillier·s . *375 LICe-boat, improved. Stockwell·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *29

.Juniper, blue. weeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 Lathe, spmning. Bliss and Wllliams· . . . . . . . . . . *35 Lite-boat, impr'«h,.Timnis and Hodgson's . . * 361 Juplt"r, by .Prof. G. W. Hough . . . . . . . . . . . . *247 Lathe, tlre-grinding. Simmerlng·s . . . . . . . . . . *1 8 1 LICe-buoy, new. whitby's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *294 Jupiter, observations of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 7 Lathe, universal. impr . • Koch and Muller·s . . * 1 0 LICe, indivldual, from an evolutionary point of Jupiter, periodical spots on. by Amedee Guille- Lathe, useful. how to make at slight cost .. -IC-3 1 1 vlew

j by G . Glaser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *223 Lathe-tools for clockmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *87 Llte- me gun. Evans and Low's . . . . . . . . . . . *332 Jupiter, the giant of the worlds. by Camille Lathes and planers. cutting tools for. by Joshua Lite, lowest forms of. by Prof. Huxley . . . . . . . 1 7 5

Flammarion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *196 Rose. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 LICe on the earth. progress of. by Miss A. B. Jupiter, the mass of. by H. A. Smith . . . . . . . . 402 Lathes, foot. for uSe on ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4�1 Huckley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 .I u plter, the red spot on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *302 Lathes, slide. combined self-acting. Shaw. Hos- LICe preservers for cavalry use. Zuborltz's * 7 3 Jute and tow carding engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 06 sack & Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *37 LICe-raft;." Rider·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 .I .. te and flax cards

hhow made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *145 1 Latitude of a place. how to find by the stars.3 1 6 LICe-saVing rafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 198

Jute, hemp. and ot er fibers. methods of distin- Launch, Herreshotf. experiments with . . . . . 259 LICe-saving service of the United States ' its 01'-guishing between . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

I Launch, steam. Cinderella. DeSCription of a ganlzation. apparatus. personnel. station houses

Jute, how to bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 smttll speedy screw propeller launch which can etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 37 Jute, its cultivation. characterls�i<)S, etc . . . . . � 3 7 be easily run by one man; with figures o f plan LICe, the beginnings of. by Prof. Edmond Perrier. Jute, manufacture of. by Wlllmm Flemmg ; and elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 An interesting series of papers. describing the

origin of the industry. preparation of the mate- Launch, steam. steel. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 simplest forms of life that exist in nature. and rial. description of the machinery. and mode of Launch, steam. paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 examlning the question whether the physical manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Launch, steam. RussIan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *75 forces. acting upon oxygen. hydrogen. and ni_

Jute, various dyes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Lauuch, steam. small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *224 trogen. are capabl€! of unitinll' these elements in Jute yarn, how to bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 L��::s�� . ��' . . ��?��: . . �� . . ��I.��*i�9 ��g �:e�i�

toc��ri�� !:i

�:�g:P�it�� K Launch, steamJ Stelll;\. U. States . . . . . . . . . . . *416 *188 , * 1 89, * 190, *191 , *202, *203

Launcht torpeao. Herreshotf . . .. . . . , . . . . . . * 169 , *204 Kairene, the new substitute for quinine . . . . 406 Launch ng the ironclads Kaiser and Deutsch- LICe, the natural duration of. by B. W. Richard-Kaleldoseope. new. McIlvenna's ; deliCription land. and other large shi'ps. byD. A. Samuda.*9' son. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 o f a greatly improved form of the apparatus, Lauracere, homologies fn. by L. F. Ward . . * 1 94 LICe, the problem of. address by Prof. G. F. with cuts showing details of construction . * 19 7 Laurel water. artificial. by A. Ripping . . . . . 101 Barker before Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci . . . . . . . . 246

Kaloula, an Indittn btttrachian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *260 Law- Courts. English. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368 Ltft;lng-tack.le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 19 Kangaroo, httbits of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Law-, farm (see Farm law). Light, a new standard of� by L. Schwendler . . 225 Kansas, gas and coal wells of, by Dr. J. Thome. Law- of Avogadro and Ampere . . . . . . . . . 280, 286 Lightt a review of the aoctrlne of ether waves

207 Law-, patent. German, new. text of . . . . . . . . . . . 80 and the material nature of light, by: Ellen R. Kastner, Frederick. inve.ntor of the pyrophon� La"!" physical. thoughts on our conception of. by Prescott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75, 376, 377

biographical sketch o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35'l }'. B. Nipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 &8 Light, a phosphorescent tablet as a standard of� Kelr, bleachin�. Bracewell·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *205 Law-, railroad, progress in New york . . . . . . . . 231 L

bl�hAt',

SaP

illerra

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. . a·t·us

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. . l:ll·u . . s·t·r·a·t

3l·n7g4• Kelr, boiling. for yarns, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *341 Law-s, natural. harmony and application of.!. by .. b

Kelr explosions. by W. Nanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . *128 B. T. Giraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 by PrOf. T . W. Tobin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *230 Kelrs, boiling and bleaching. how constructed Law-s, State. concerning sale of patents. void. 25 Light, absorption of in the atmosphere . . . . . . 338

and used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Law-n, alders for the. by S . Parsons. Jr . . . . . . 236 Llgbt, action of u,P,oncolorlng·matters . . . . . . . 264 Kentucky, the wonderful caves of . . . . . . . . . . 88 La W-ft, grasses for . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Light and electrlClty. relation between. by Dr. O. Kerite, composition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 83 Lawn, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 J. Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Kew- C) bservatory, by W . H. Harrison . . . . 390 Law-ns, advice on plowing . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 Light and heat. by Robert Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Keys and keyways, how to fit. by J. Rose . . . . . . 56 Lawns, how to manall:e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Light and sound. analogy by Prof. Barrett . . . 40 Keyw-ays, how to cut out. by Joshua Rose. A Law-ns, lime on for kllling worms . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Light, chemical action of. by Dr. J. M. Eder . 3 39 valuable practical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 79 Law-ns, two good trees for ; how to sod . . . . . 275 Ligbt. chemistry of; a lecture by John Edmond

Kldney extirpat;ion. a case of. by Dr. J. Marlon Law-n-maklng, hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Fttirlie. F.R.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Sims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Law-n tennis, rules of. with plans of courts for Light, drop. improved. 'l'aylor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *86

Kiln, brick. railway, Foster's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *186 single. three. and four handed game . . . . . . . *30 1 Light, electric (see Electric light). Kiln, continuous. for burnill&' bricks. tiles. pipes. Lead, a new method of purifying. . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Light, electro-motive changes produced by. by lime, etc .• Lancaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *148 Lead and copper. action of sea water upon. by I'rof. Dewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Klln, gas. Thompson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Wm. H. Watson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9 Light, gas. waste of. causes and remedies . . . 125 Kiln, lime. for farmers. how to construct . . *360 Lead and its alloys. estimation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -17 Light, heat, and electricity. are they expressions Kilns, brick. Dueberg·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 148 Lead, curious facts about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Of the same force ? By Prof. Elihu Gray . . . . 379 Kllus, brick. continuous, Lancaster·s . . . . . . . . 148 Lead, determination of from its ore by electroly- Light, lime. by T. F. Hardwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Kilns for charcoal manuracture . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 1 5 sis. oy Ad. Sommer. I'h.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 Light, obstruction of by glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Kilns for manufacturing charcoaL . . . . . . . . *422 Lead, detection of in potable water by means of Light, oxygen. production of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Kircher, Father. cabinet of. by L . Rochas.*427 potassium bichromate. by Sidney Harvey • . . 300 Light, oxyhydrogen value of as compared with Kitcben, steam. Egrot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *352 Lead, desilverlzatlon of by the zinc process, by that from coal gas . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Kleptomania, temporary. by Hugh Miller. J. E. Stoddart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Light, oxyhydrogenl zirconla for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Lead, elimination of in saturn1ne paralysis . . 81 Light, physiologicw action of. by Prof. Jas. Knapsack, desk. for army usc.", Bergeret's. *369 Lead fume. and a new process of fume condens- lJewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 73 Kneadln:c ttnd mixing mach .• t'fleiderer·s .. * 2 1 5 ing. by A. French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20� Light, polarized. color in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 7 Knitting machine, Lane and Timaeus· . *400 Lead, how to coat articles with . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . 265 Light, polarized, application of to the examina-Knitting machine for Cardigan jackets. Gimson Lead pencil manufacture, history of . . . . . . . 1 5 7 twn of the alkwoids of the quinia grouP. by H.

and Coltman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Lead pipe aqueduct .. cheap . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 266 A. Mott. Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Knives, forks. and scissors. ornamentaL . . . . * 77 Lead pi,Pe. machinery for makint!'o Weems'. *41 3 Light, recent wonders of ; an interesting lecture. Knoeklng devices for doors. old . . . . . . . . *401 Lead plpes and lead contaminatlOn. notes on. by by W. H. Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Knocking in high pressure engines. causes of. Wm. Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Light-shafts, elevator. and twin staircase. by: S.

by JOStlUd, Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 Lead poisoning. A clinical lecture by Dr. Wm. Gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 28 Knots and splices. An exhaustive paper on

LPeaep

�perroc' "e·ss"e·s· .· s"o'm"e"r'e'c'e' n"t' l:m"p"r'ov' e"m"e'n' ts' "1:n

2.3b5y

Ltght-shlp, Seven Stones, at Land's End . *262 spliCing. tying. and fastening ropes for ship's d Light, stored up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 rigging. for lifting tackle. and many other pur- Norman C. Cookson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Light, sun. electric. and magnesium. relat.ive poses ; illustrated by ninety-four engravings. Lead, properties and uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 chemical energy of. by Prof. A. R. Leeds. *1 76 showing knots. splices. hitches. slings. etc .• so Lead, removal of from the human system by Light, the action of. with special reference to clearly as to enable any one to make them easily electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 dyestuffs, by D. Dawson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 without reference to the text . . . . . . . . .. . . . *3 19 Lead, soundinghLecentre·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239 Light tow-er, electrlc. San Jose . . . . . . . . . . . . *330

Know-leqe, natural. the limits of. by Professor Lead; white. w at its composition should be to Llght� velocity, apparatus to determine. Wheat-C. Von Nigeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 form a serviceable paint, by G. W. Wigold and stone s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 65

Know-ledge, physiological. by Prof. Huxley . 8 8 R. H. Harland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 Light, velocity, experimental determination of. Know-ledge, the six gateways of. Abstract of Leather, artificial\ new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 54 byAm. A. Michelson. U.S.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *193

an interesting lecture by Sir W. Thomson . . . 4 1 3 Leather, artificial, from leather parings and Light, velocity of. new measurement by Prof. Knurllng and chasing. tools for . . . . . . . . . . . *313 caoutchouc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Jl< ewton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Kola nut, a remedy for drunkenness . . . . . . . . 369 Leather, constituent parts of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Light, violet. for studios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Koumiss, its mode of preparation and remedial Leather cork, novel. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Light, white and colored. velocity. experimental

value. by William Pepper. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30 Leather, destruction by gas. byG. E. Davis . 109 determination of. by Dr. J. Young and Prof. G . Krakatoa, eruption of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *429 Leather d) elng colors and shades applicable Forbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 L

Labels for plants. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Labels. tablets. or advertising sheets. machine

fur making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . * 265 Labor, mechanical. of one man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Labor, relation to education. by J. Johonnot. 97 Laboratory experiences on board the Challeng-

e� by J. Y. Buchanan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 LaDoratory manipulations. simple ; use of felt

pads in protecting glass vessels ; examin. of crystals by themicroscope. by Dr. P. T. Austen . . 92

Laboratory, pharmaceutical. small. equipment and working of, by G. F. Schacht . . . . . . . . . . . . *99

Laboratory tools. a�paratus fQr coating . *258 Laboratory, zoologlCal. sea-side. Naples . . *280 L��!�;.r;:�� .�� . �� . ��: . ��13rs

to. by E. N. Beller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Light, zodiacal. by Prof. C. W. Prltchett . . . *126 Leather, harness and upper. method of stuffing Light, wdlacal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *241

and working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368 Lights, actinism of. how to determine its rela-Leatber, imitation. recipe for making. . . . . . . IJ tions to the same illuminating power. by Leon Leather, lace. how to tan with soft soap . . . . . 1 69 Vidal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Leatller, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 Lights, Bengal. how to prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Leather� method of dyeing with aniline colors, Lighters, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *367 by W. Eitner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Lighters, electrlc. Maigret·s andRanque·s . *�89

Leather, russet. Report on the manufacture of Lighters, electric. Ranque·sandLoiseau's . *362 russet leather and its adaptability for the mili- Lighthouse, Chipiona. Cadiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 tary service. by Capt. D. A. Lyle . . . . . . . . . . 335 Lighthouse, cleaning reflectors in . . . . . . . . *429

Leather, tanned and tawed, varieties of and their Lighthouse, Eddystone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 7 uses, by W. H . Van Benthuysen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 6 Lighthouse, Eddystone.new . . . . . . *1 90, *419

Leaves and grasses. skeleton. howtoprepare.270 Llghthoose illumination. improvemgntB in, by Leaves, autumn. how to preserve . . : . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 J . R. Wigham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *147 Leaves, etc . • how to take copies of . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Lighthouse, Lavezzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 Leaves, functions of. chemlCal examination of. Llghthollse, Little Basses lantern of . . . . . . . *60

by Wm. Coveninder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Lighthouse of Ar-men. Fhifsterre . . . . . . . . *272 Leaves, how to take impressions of . . . . . . . . . . 25 1 Llghthouse, :&{inot·s Ledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 190

Lighthouse, proposed, at the mouth of the Weser River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *380

Lighthouse, Rothe Sand. a t the mouth of the Weser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *342

Lighthouse-signals, gas for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 J.lghthouse, tne Dliu Heartach. by Bavid

Allan Stevenson. B.Sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lighthouses and accessories at the Centeno 30 Lighthouses, illumination of, by Dr. Stevenson

Macadam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8 Llghthouses\ Norwegian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 5 Lighting and heating. co-operative . . . . . . . . . . 284 Lighting appar . • incandesc .. Schloesser·s . . *427 Lighting arrangement of the Vanderbilt man-

sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 Lighting by electricity. by Robert Briggs . . 98 Lighting by electricity. machines used for . . 99 LightnIng, action on telephone apparatus . . 301 Lightning conductors, Faulkner's plan of ap-Lf�t��ij"g'coiidiictors; by' it ·.Aiiderson: : : : : �:: Lightning conductors. proper forms of. by Wm.

lienry Preece. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Lightning conductors. the space protected by.

A paper by W. H. Preece. in which the author shows by the aid of diagrams the amount of space toot will be ,Protected by a lightning rod of any given dimenslOns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *288

Lightning conductors. experiments on . . . . . 23' Llgbtnlng flashes. instantaneous photographs

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Lightning, globular and chaplet. new investiga-

tions of. oy Gaston Plante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *lU Lightning, Indian ideas concerning .. . . . . . . 20' L��::�'t�:�.� .l�� ?�� .��.

i.t: . . ��. �� :f�

Lightning, mechanical action of . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Lightning, protection of buildings from by

Capt. J . '.t'. Bucknill. A valuable paper . . . *348 Lightning protector, telegraph. Vaes· . . . *29 Lightning protector. telegraphiC. new . . . . . . * 1 Lightning protectors for telegraphic apparatus.

by Wm. lienry Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 98 LI;,htnlng-rod", instrument for testing. Buck-

nill's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *296 Lightning, some early: experiments with.*66 LightShip! new. Pintsch system . . . . . . . . . . . *325 LIgn.lficat on, chemistry of. by C. F. Cross and

E. J. Bevan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'7 Lignltel burning of in situ. by C. A. White .. 395 Lily, calla. culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 73 L!�fi:g!�e� .��. ��.��: . ��.

c.��.: . . �u:gTi

Lime, action of on silica in water . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 0 Lime and its uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Lime cartridges for blasting. how made . . . ' " 4 16 Lime, chlOride, the Weldon process for . . . . . . 206 Lime, hydrauhc. artificial. manufacture of near

Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 Lime instea,d of powder for mining . . . . . . . . . *403 Limed coal, manufacture of gas from, by J. A

Franklyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Lime-j lllce, its properties and uses. by Michal',

Conro.v, F.O.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5 Lime-kiln for farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *360 Lime-lIgbt, by 1'. F. Hardwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Lime-light without oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Llmeslones, soft. how to harden . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Line shafting. how to adjust. by J. Rose . . . *190 Line, straight. how to draw). by A. B. Kempe.

*114, *85, *86, *87 Linen chest, i n oak, design for . . . . . . . . . . . *424 t. lneut purple tint for marking. recipe . . . . . . 1 7 Lines for ships, Jackson's . . . . . *78 . *96, * 102 Lingo of miners. definitions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Linseed 011 and electrified oxygcn . . . . . . . . . . 241 Linseed oil as a protection for iron. A paper by

Mr. W illiam Foster. M.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Linseed, varieties of in English commerce by

E. M. Holmes. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 306 Lioness and cubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *305 Lip salves, recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Liquid Cuel as used in Russia . . . . ' " . . . . . . *403 Liquid lIlanure for grapes ; marketing fruit;

the root apis ; yellows in the peach ; smoking orchards unsuccessful ; preventing pear blight ; setting out blackberries ; plants in rooms ; fruit trade at Baltimore ; watering plants and trees ; roses for garden culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Liquid measure, Monroy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 378 Llq old meter; Helbing·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 1 Liquid snrCaces, vibrations of. expllrlments on.

by Mr. Barthelemy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Liquids, gases. and solids. by W. Mattieu Wil-

liams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329, 330 Liquids in drops, forms of. by A. M. Worthing-

ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 86 Liquids, s�eci. gravity. how to determine.*�16 Llq ulds, Vlcosity of. apparat. to determine. '* 271 Liquors, distilled. apparatus t o age . . . . . . . . . -II 1� LIszt, Franz. sketch ofl and portrait . . . . . . . *312 Llthl Ulll, atomic weignt of. and the characteris-

tics of itS salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Lithographic stone, the supply of. whence de-

rived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Lithographic process. photo. Butter·s . . . . 227 Lithography, photo. by T. Bolas . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Lithography, photo. how to practice . . . . . . . 247 Llthography, ph�to. rapid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Llver-fillke, bfe history of the . . . . . . . . . . . . * 390 Living matter, recent researches into its na-

ture and phenomena. by Prof. G. J. Allman. M.D. F:RS. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195, 196

Lock-gate, canal. hydrau!. machinery for. 1>. 280 Lockjaw-, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Loeks, American VS. English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08 Locomotion, human. mechanical aids to . . . 126 Locomotl"e air reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19' Locomotive and tender brake. Hickey's . . *1 01 Loeomotlye, Baldwin. for the Dom I'edro Rail-

way. Brazll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4� Locomotive boiler. firebrick fire-box for . . * 1 72 Locomotive, central-power. Raub·s . . . . . . * 304 Locomotive, compressed air. Beaumont·s. * 26� Locomotive, compressed air. Beaumont·s. ex-

periments wlth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Locolllotlve, compressed air. Beaumont's. for

steel railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 7 Locomotive. compressed air. built for st.

Gothard Tunnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 . *2 Loeomotlve, compressed air. improved . . *309 Locolllotlve, compressed air. for mines. Mekar-

ski's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *428 Locomotive connecting and parallel or couPlinf rods. by Joshua Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 Locomotive, consolidation. Baldwin . . . . . . *252 Locomotive crane, Black, Hawthorn. and

Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 54 Locomotive crossheads. Rorsig's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 82 Locomotive cylinders. apparatus to bore. *281 Locomotive driving-wheels. contact of on the rails. by Zerah Colburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 26

Locomotive, Eddy·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *97 Locomotive, electric light. Marshall·s . . . . . * 1 79 Locomotive, electro-magnet .• Davidson·s.*369 Locomotive engine driving. practical notes

on. by Michael Reynolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �06 L

g��I:r.��.��: .��: . ��:': .��. ��f� Locomotive engines. improvements in the con-struction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Locomotive, English. Fairlie's double-bogi«;:. II ft. 6 in. gauge. for New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *5

Locomotive exhaust-chamber, new, Pollock and Wilkinson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 141

Locomotive, express. French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 52 Locomotive, express passenger. for London

and South Eastern RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *7 Locomotive, express. 6-coupled. English.*145 Locomotive, Baldwin. for N. J . Cent. R.R . . ,*38 Locomotive, 15-inch gauge. Haywood·s . . *296 Locomotive fire-bo� Kaselowsky·s . . . . . . *59 Locomotive lire-box. pennsylvania R.R . . . . *21 Locomotive, fireless. Lamm·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 Locomotive, :fireless, tramway. Francq·s. *329 Locomotive, first. the Stourbrldge Lion. . . . 90 Locomotive for burning liquid fuel . . . . . . *408 Locomotivet Fontaine ; a discussion as to its merits and tne principle involved in its con-struction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 1

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LA RGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. l:'BICB 1.0 CBNXS l:'BB NU.l.CBBB • .l.CUNN � CO., 861 BBOADWAr, NBW ]{OB1!. - IN OBDBBING. l:'LlIASB (lIYlI XBB NU1I£BlIB'.



LOCOInotivc for rack railway near Vienna . *70 LocoInotive for street railways, Porter, Bell,

and Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 LocoInotive for underground hauling, Fowler's.

* 1 56 LocoInotive, freight, eight-coupled, Paris and

Orleans RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 148 LocoInotive injector, KOrting's . . . . . . . . . . . *5 7 LocoInotive, how much will it pull ? . " . . . . 1 84 LocoInotive laInp, electric, Sedlaczek . . . *334 LocoInotive, links III the history of . . . . . . . *292 Locomotive, Lion, built in 1829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33 LocoInotive, narrow gauge, Fairlie . . . . . . . '* 102 Locomotive, narrow gauge, new, for Indian

States railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *53 Locomotive, novel use of for coal hauling from

mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 LocoInotive of 1835, Gillingham Winans' . . . -1(,36 LocoInollve, oscillating cylinder, Shaw's.*324 Locomotive painting, by John S. Atwater. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58

Locomotive, Paris and Orleans RR . . . . . . * 131 Locomotive, passenger, Austrian . . . . . . . . *230 Locomoti ve, passenger, Baldwin . . . . . . . . . . * 3 31 Locomotive, passenger, detailed cost of . . 322 Locolnotive, passenger, fast, built by the Bald-

win works for Bound Brook line . . . . . . . . . . . *23 1 LocoInotive, passenger, Glasgow and South-

Western lUi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Locomotive, passenger, new, London, Brighton,

and South Coast R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *407 Locomotive, passenger service, Fontaine, by

John Orton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *305 LocoInotive, passenger, Western Railway of

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *135 Locomotive performances, notable . . . . . . . . . 4 13 Locomotive, powerful, EI Gobernador . . . *425 Locomotive, rack and pinion, for narrow

gauge, Hagans' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 LocoInotive reaping machine, Aveling and Por-ter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36

Locomotive; road and agricultural, Wallis and Stee\'ens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93

LocoInollve, road, for the Eng!. Channe\ . . *48 Locomotive, road, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 LocomotIve, road, new, Marshall's . . . *56, *71 Locomotive, road, eight h . p., Armitage and

Ruston's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('49 LocoInotive shunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(,256 LocoInotive, six-coupled, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire R R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269

LocoInotive, six.coupled tank, Call . . . . . . . *2 1 5 LOCOInotivc, special type, for the Western Rail -

way of Ii'ranee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 Locomotive, tank, Dutch Rhenish R . . . . . *304 LocoInotive, tank, for narrow gaug'es, Swed· ish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41

Loco�otive, tan�, for the Billerica and Redford two·foot I!"auge raIlroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 5

LocoInotive, tank, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368 LOCOInotivc, tank, Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 32 Locomotive, tank, 16-ton, Schneider's . . . . * 1 66 Locomotive, traction, for common roads, Ro-

bey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6 LocoInotive, tramway, Brown's . . . . . . . . . . . ·* 1 3 1 LocoInotive, tramway, compressed air . . . -1('248 LocoInotive, twin, with freight platform be-

tween . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 7 1 LocoInotive vs. horse power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 LocoInotlve ; what to do when it breaks down.

A valuable practical paper, by F. C. Smith, giv. ing plain directions for the management of the locomotive in accidents of various kinds . . . . 3 14

Locomotive wheels, hammer for bossing. *320 Locomotive, 10-wheel, and tender, improved.

*397 LocoInotive, 12-wheeled, for the Lehigh Valley

Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 7 LocoInotives, advance in the price of . . . . . . 3 14 LocoInotives, American, i n Australia . . . . . . 9 3 LocoInotlves, American vs. English . . . . . . . . 61 LocoInotives and cars of the N. Y., West Shore,

and Bnfl'alo R.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 LocoInotives and railroads, early American.

Historical sketch by Frank C. Smith . . . . . . . *3 71 LOCOInotivcs at the Centennial ExhiMtion ; tab

nlar statement of leading partienlars regarding details of constrnction, with 18 ontline figures of the varions types shown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 5

LocoInotlves, axle-�ranks of, apparatns for sqnarlllg and measnrlllg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 4

Loc0l."0t�v�s, big; weight and dim�msi0!1-s of t,?-e heavlCst freIght and'passenger engllles III use 1ll this conntry . . . . . . . . ; . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

LocoInotlves, bogie system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*2 1 5 L�i��rkr::,'W"elr��s:.d .�i.�,. ��.�t

��:n��n �� LocoInotlves, consolidation and American,

llaldwin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24 LOCOInotivcs, English and American . . . . . . . 370 LocoInotlves. express, passenger, Great West-

ern Railway, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *58 LocoInotives for ascending steep grades, Cot· tran's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363

LocoInotlves for burning petroleum, Ur-quhart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63

LocoInotlves for the St. Gothard Railw . . . *384 LocoInotlves for 1S·inch gauge at Crewe works,

England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 LocoInotlves, fireless, for tramways, by G.

Lentz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *361 LOCOInotivcs, fireless, Francq's .. . . . . . . . . . * 1 74 LocoInotives. loads hanled by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 LocoInotives' machines for repairing . . . . *28 1 Locolnotlves, new method of supplying with water, Howe's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 1

LocoInotlves of the St. Gothard Railway, by R. Abt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1

LocoInotlves, passeng"r, fast . . . . . . . . . 252, 301 Locomotives, passenger Midland Railway,

Eng., with particnlars of dimensions, consump· tion of coal, and performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27

Locomotives, railway, Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . *37 LocoInotlves, recent improvements in . . . . . 297 LOCoInotives, smoke-preventer for, Reimberr's. . *61 LocoInotives, standard, parallel-rod for, of the

Lake t;hore and Michigan Southern R. . . . . . ·*295 LocoInotives, Stephenson, the first . . . . . . . *290 LocoInotlves. tank, of the London, Chatham,

and Dover Railway, Eng.; fnll particnlars of di-mensions and mode of constrnction . . . . . . . . . *23

LocoInotives, tests of on Boston and Albany Railroad for performance and consnmption of fnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5

LocoInotives, traction of, rille for calcul'g.28 7 LocoInotives, tramway, Brown's . . . . . . . . . -1('222 Locusts as food for man, by D. A. Lyle . . . . . . 397 Lode, Comstock, by A. P. Schack . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 Lode, Comstock, by J. S. Hittell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 L

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Lodges and cottages, designs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 Lod;clI, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Log mdicator for ships, De Normanville's . . . . *96 Logwood. A lecture by Prof. George Jarmain,

showing the natnre and extensive uses of this valuable dyeing material, methods of preparation, chemical conditions of its coloring principles, the various colors it is capable of prodncing, together with the latest and best recipes for the practical use of the dye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Logwood, apparatus for extracting . . . . . . . *389 London, earliest map of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 10 London

� growth of, by J. W. Bazalgette . . . .426

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tu.�a� . �� .�f . �if� fr

Lon!!ltude and ship's time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *297 Longitude, methods of ascertaining, by William

Ellis, F.R.A.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Lookln ..... glasll frame in oak, design for . . *206 LOOIn aYarIn, stopper, Demard's . . . . . . . . . . . • *90 LOOIn, bncksKin, tJ.ulcher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 LOOIn, carpet, Gates' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *79 LOOIn for elastic rnbber fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . *390 Loom harncss .. new, Crowell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 LOOIn, improvea, Keighley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *395 LOOIn, positive motion, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 LOOIn, power, for delicate fabrics . . . . . . . . . . *286 LooIn-lItopper alarm, Demard's . . . . . . . . . . . . *90

LOOIns, revolving box for, Mounier's . . . . . . * 1 3 7 LOOIns, take-up motion for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *327 Low-water alarm, Kenyon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20 Low-ell, Mass. founding of, by Jas. Parton . . 201 Lowcll, statistics of wages and living in . . . . . 1 90 Lubricants. A valuable paper, giving formulas

for many patented and non-patented composi-tions for lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6

Lubricants, testing, apparatus for . . . . . . . . * 1 7 6 Lubrlcationt by Prof. H. H. Thurston . . . . . 70 Lubricator alarm signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 Lubricator, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-267 Lubricator, pulsating, Panlson's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 53 Lubricator, ROlle's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *278 Lubricator, sel -acting, Pickering's . . . . . . . . -1(,45 Lubricator, wheel-flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *277 Lubricators, improved, Reed's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('45 Lubricators, steam pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 .� Lucern, valne of as a farm crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 Lucidity, by Matthew Arnold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Luck, faliacies about, by Rich. A. Proctor . . . 334 LukO) Blackburn, the race-horse . . . . . . . *269 LUInber dricr, Excelsior and Chicago . . . . -l('37 5 L ullIbcr flumes, construction, cost, etc . . . . 1 1 6 LUInber flnmes, mountain, remarkable, of Cali·

fornia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 Lumber, how to season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *375 Lumbcr, strawi. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 Lum.inons pa nt, Balmain's, its history, uses.

merlts, etc. ; a lectnre by C. W. Heaton . . . . . . 229 Luminous paint, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Lunar lessons, byR. A. Proctor . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Lunes, formula for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Lung, chemical, Neale's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *340 Lungs, artificial inflation of, apparatns for . . . 25 7 Lyceulll, or library, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . *108

IU: IU:acadaIn vs. cedar block for roads . . . . . . . . . 265 IU:acaroni and vermicelli mach.,Metzger's.* 1 70 Machine tenders, young, hints to, by an old paper maker ; practical instrnctions for the tending of and caring for paper making machin· ery. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Machine tools at the Centennial, by Joshua Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*44

IU:achine tools, Pratt & Whitney Co. 's . . . . . . . -*38 IU:achlne work, alteration of the form of during

manipnlation, cause of and how rectified. A valuable paper, by Joshna Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 10

IU:achlnery, balancing of. A very valnable practical paper, of importance to all machinists, and superintendents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368

IU:achinery, (Joal cntting . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 Machincry from an insurance point of view, by

A. J. Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 205 llI<1chlncry, how to photograph . . . . . . , . . . . . *373 Mackercl, frigate, a flsh new to the New England

coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 IU:ackerel, Spanish, and its artificial propagation,

by Chas. W. t;miley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 IU:adness, method in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 MagIc cabinet, envelopes, boxes, and portfo-

lio, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 IU:aglc. cabinets, how constrncted . . . . . . . . . . . *290 IU:aglc lantern, new enlarging lens for, by J. H . ��irgei:,ite�n ' '�eiiecti;'g: 'improved: 'by ��

3:' Knight. Howto construct an exceedingly cheap, useful, and convenient lantern by which images of paper, photographs, engravings, drawings, paintings, and other opaque objects may be en-larged and thrown upon the screen . . . . . . . . . . *8 7

Magic needles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 IU:agic portraits, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . *378 Magic rings, an optical illusion . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('410 MagiC shows in ancient Greece . . . . . . . . . . . *385 Magnesia, manufacture o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Magnet, heat generated in when i t i s magnetized

nnd demagnetized, by Prof. H. A. Howland . . 305 IU:agnct, new form of, by A. Camacho . . . . . . . 2 IU:agnet, therapeutical nse of, by Wm. A. Ham-

mond, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 58 IU:agnetlc . . after·efl'ect," by Ii'. Auerbach . . . 347 IU:agnetic balance, BrnnHer's . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 IU:agnetlc balance, by Prof. D. E. Hughes . . . 429 Magnetic capacity, by Messrs. Treve and Du-

rassier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Magnetic circuits in dynamo and ma!!,neto

electric machines, by Lord Elphinstone and Chas. W. Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -I('21 1 � 230

IU:agnetlc disturbance, auroras, and earth cnrrents, by Prof. W. GryUs Adams. Aninteresting description of the instrnments used in a magnetic observatory, with an account of some of the more recent observations of magnetic dis· turbances with the improved methods now available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

IU:agnetic field, chemical action in, by Ira Rem-sen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

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IU:ag-netic music teachcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *373 M

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IU:agnetlc needle, use of in searching for mag-netic iron ore, by Prof. J. C. Smock . . . . . . . . . . 48

IU:agnetlc ore-separating machine, impr'd . *306 IU:agnetlc reactions by T . Du Monce\ . . . . *21 7 IU:aglletic separator" Bnchanan's . . . . . . . . *425 IU:agnetic station of �t. Manr Park Observatory,

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 MagnetlsIn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 llIagnetislll, efl'ect of in toughening iron . . . . 256 IU:agnetlsIn.2, evident, in Iron and steel, cause of,

by Prof. D . .1'.;. Hughes, F.R.S . . . . . . . . 390, *392 IU:agnetisIn, influ. on electro·deposition . . *41 1 IU:agnetism, inflnence of on the tenacity of

iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *221 IU:agnetislll of soft iron cylinders, inflnence of

form on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '75 IU:agnetisIn of the earth, efl'ect upon of the sun's

rotation and moon's revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 IU:agnetisIn, practical experiments in, with spe

cial reference to the demagnetization of watches, by Alfred M. Mayer. An interesting explanation of the facts and principles of magnetism, illustrated by experiments made with easily constructed apparatus, and a description of a simple method of demagnetizing a watch, withont de· tachingit from its chain . . . . . . . . . . . . *206, *207

IU:agnctism, phenomena imitation of by liquid and gaseous currents, by C. Decharme . . . . • *41 8

IU:agnetlsIn, phenomena, of compared with me· chanical vjjjrations, by M. Stroh . . . . . . . . . . . *379

IU:agnetlsm, terrestrial, a new theory of, by Profs. Perry and Ayrton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '77

IU:agnetism� terrestrial, some points connected with, by B. t;tewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

IU:agneto-clectric generator, De Romiw�s52

IU:agneto-electrlc gyroscope . . . . . . . . . . . . *233 Magneto-electric Inachlnes (see Electric ma-

chines). IU:agneto-clectricity for telegraphy. . . . . . . . 28 IU:agneto-lnduction machine, by Dr. Eduard

Zetsche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 IU:t,f��:c'ef.��i.��.

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IU:agnets, bar spirality of the energy in, by R. C. t;hettle, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

IU:agnets, electro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 18 2 IU:agncts, electro, and indnction coils, improve-

ments in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 IU:agnets, floating, experiments with, illnstrating

the action of atomic forces, molecular structure of matter, allotropy, isomerism, and kinetic theory of gases, by Prof. A. M. Mayer . . . . . * 129

IU:agnets, lnminosity of, by J. T. Sprague . . . 390 IU:agncts, permanent, how to make . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 IU:agnetsi powerfnl, how t o obtain . . . . . . . . . . . 302 IU:agnUy ng power, highest ever reached . . . 2 1 8 Mahogany, its native country, mode of growth,

and economic uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 ��!Ultc

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IU:ail bag catchcr, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *53 IU:aIze, manufactnre of sngar from, by R . H.

Harland, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

IU:alze, rice, and barley, composition of . . . . . . 288 IU:alollca tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 107 IU:a aria, by J. H. Salisbury, M.D. A report of

microscopical investigations of paludal exhalations, and the night vapors rising from the desiccating, freshly exposed soil of humid grounds, new prairie lands, and peaty bogs, and from the drying beds of streams, ditches, and lakes in malarious districts, resulting in tke discovery of what appears to be the canse of intermittent and remittent fevers: with remarks connected with their pathology and treatment . . . . . . . . 378 , 379�

*380, *381 *382, *38a IU:alaria not of vegetable origin, lJY John S. Hit-

tell " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 IU:alarial poisoning, chronic. A valnable C\ini-

cal lectllre, by A. L. Loomis, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 IU:allcts, French, German, and American . . *257 IU:alt cake as food for cows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 IU:alt cleaning machinc, Duprez's • . . . . . -l('1 1 3 IU:alt crushing Illill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *402 IU:althous�, nE?w, at New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 10 IU:altlng, fire rIsks of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 76 IU:alt sugar, o r dextrine maltose, preparation

and use of in brewing, by Wm. Geo. Valentine, F.C.S. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . 1 9, 22, 25, 28 IU:aInmalla, extinct, remains of found in Lon-

don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *373 IU:aInmary inflammation, treatm't by ice . . . 1 94 IU:an and evolntion, by Prof. B. F. Mndge . . *21 5 IU:an and his strnctnral affinities, by A. R. Grote,

A.M. A valuable and interesting paper . . . * 14 8 IU:an and woman, an anthropological comparison

of the two sexes, by G. Delaunay . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 IU:

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8 IU:an, antiquity of, by W. Pengelly . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 IU:an, antiquity of, b y Rev. L. J . Templin . . . . 1 8 3 IU:an, antiquity o f in Eastern America geologi-

cally conSidered, by H. C. I.cwis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Man, antiquity of in Eastern America, by H . G.

Lewis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 IU:an, antiquity of in England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49 llIB.nrla

a��i��ity.��: .�� p�ase.

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prof3�7 IU:an, .appearance of on Pacific COa,'3t, by B. B.

Redding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 IU:an, arrival of in Europe, by Prof. J. Fiske.340 IU:an as a species, origin of, by R. Owen . . . . . . 365 IU:an, Pliocene, by Dr. C. C. Abbott . . . . . . . . . . . 208 IU:an, prehistoric, in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 IU:an, prehistoric, present and futnre . . . . . . . . 236 IU:an, stature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Man, the spiritnal in . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Manganese alloy, rempe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 llIanganese and its uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 IU:anganese, black oxide of, a s a disinfectant, by

J. De Valmagini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 IU:angancse bronze, by P. M. Parsons . . . . . 422 IU:anganese bronze, malleable, for guns. . . . . 3 1 IU:anganese bronze, new, Parsons' . 49, 51 , 1 8 7 IU:

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IU:angancse, estimation of by titration, by C. G. Sarnstrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

IU:anganese in iron, estimat'n of, by S. Kern. 1 7 IU:anganesc, nickel, zinc and lead, determina·

tion of by electricity, by A. Riche . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 IU:anganese, lead, copper, zinc, and nickel, and

their alloys, estimation of, by A. Riche . . . . . . 147 IU:angancs�t separation and determination of,

by Prof. J. volhard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 IU:anganese, the alloys. of. A review of the past

history and present state of the mannfacture of .. crude manganese," WIth a description of some of the newer alloys of the metal with copper tin, and zinc, and their characteristics and appiica-tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Manganese, the position of in modern indnstry, by M. V. Deshayes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5

IU:anholes i n pipe sewers, approv'd forms. *419 IU:ann, Horace, biographical sketch of by Mrs.

Mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .33 IU:anoIncter. dry, inscribingh Brouardel's. *299 IU:

M'"J:�f.1 �f��.I�.��: . . ��. �� . . ��.�';r 1�

IU:ante , design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(. 5 1 IU:antelplece in walnut, design for . . . . . . . . -1('259 Mantclpieces and grates, ornamental . . '*367 ManuCactures, snpremacy of America in . . . 190 Manure, alkali waste as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 IU:annre,barnyard, value of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 IU:an nrc, bone and horn, how to make . . . . . . . 7 5 IU:annre cellars and sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 IU:anllre, cotton-seed, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 IU:anure, experiments on with rye, wheat, and

oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 IU:anure for gardens, cheap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 IU:an urc of hens, valne of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Manurc, phosphate, by K. Walter . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 IU:an ure, liquid, experiments in the use of . . . 239 IU:anure, raw, disposal of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 IU:anure, relative value, and how to apply . . . 274 IU:anure, stable, thirty.eighth year of a farm

withont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Man ures, potassa in, determination of . . . . . . 362 IU:anures� valuation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 5 IU:anuscrlpts, Moabite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 IU:antldes, and empuslll or May-flies . . . . . . . *385 IU:anzollni, Prof. Anna Morandi, by Madame

Villarsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 IU:aple trccs, propagation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Marble, fleXIbility of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *308 IU:arble, stains in, how to remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59 Marbled sepedon (snake) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*1 74 IU:arbles, onyx, of Mexico, by W. Eassie . . . . . 26 IU:arblcs, playing, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58 IU:arbling paper, the art of, by C . w . WOOlnO¥l

� IU:ares, period of gestation in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 IU:adne engines} Young's improvem'ts . . . . *64 Marine propuls on, improvements in . . . . . . . 69 IU:arlne propnlsion, theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Marine work, use of concrete i n . . . . . . . . . . *38 7 IU:arklng ink, purple, for linen, recipe . . . . . 1 7 Marquetry designs, Italian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *89 IU:arquctry for chess-board table . . . . . . . . . . . . *68 Marquetry ornaments, designs ofA. Schill. *66 IU:arq uetry ornaments from Florence . . . . . * 1 3 6 llIars, another world inhabited like our own, by

Flammarion. An interesting paper.*1 7 5, 1 80 IU:ars, by T. W. Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 IU:ars in autumn o f 1877, by R . A . Proctor . . . *85 IU:ars, the moons o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 IU:ars, the physical configuration of, by Prof. W.

Harkness, U.S.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *227 IU:arsh Cever, sulphur a prophylactic of . . . . . 358 llIarshes, drainage of, by C . E . Hollister .. . . . . 429 IU:arshes, salt, reclaiming, by W. Clift . . . . . . . . 9 1 IU:ascarct

i the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209

Masdeva lla, spectra\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *384 Mash for horses, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I) 3 Mash-tunlll, false bottom for, Cave's . . . . . . *366 IU:ason, William, the locomotive builder, bio-

graphical sketch, with portrait • . . . . . . . . . . . . *393 IU:asonry and brickwork. by J. C. Jefl'erson . . 148 IU:asonry arches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 IU:asonry buildings, methods of moving . . . *404 IU:asonry, stone, and building stones, nomencla-

tnre of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 IU:asscs, large, moving, by A. Rochas* 3 67, *417 IU:astic., bituminous, applications of . . . . . . . . . . 276 IU:astoaon, rece11t extinction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 IU:astodon, skeleton of, found in Kentucky. 3 5 7 Mast, hollow, for yachts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 IU:asts, experiments on, Kirkaldy's . . . . . . . . . . • *96 IU:atchcs, friction, a s a cause o f fire . . . . . . . . . . 353 IU:atchcs, how made, by John A . Garver. An in· Di��:sfAnlrri\fe

.� .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3�:

IU:ateriallsIn and its lessons. A paper by Dr. Henry Maudsley, showing that . " materialism," when properly understood, far from being a menace to morality, only sets before man a higher intell\)ctual aim than he is ever likely to reach by spiritnal paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

IU:aterlalisIn, hylozoic, by Dr. R . Lewins . . . • 291 IU:atheInatlcs. Inaugural address by Professor

Arthur Cayley before the British Association, 1883. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

IU:atheInatlcs, influence of on the progress of physics, by Prof. Arthur Schuster . . . . . . . . . . . 333

IU:athcmatics of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 IU:atter and life, studies of, by H. J. Slack. An

interesting discussion of the discoveries that recent science has made concerning the relation of force to matter, and the connection between

_ physical agencies and manifestations of life. 27 IU:atter, constitntion of in the gaseous state, by

Ch. Adolphe Wurtz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 511 IU:atter, fonrth state of, a refutation, by Dr. J.

Puling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 IU:atter, fonrth state of, explanation of the phe-

nomena of, by Dr. Zoch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 IU:atter in sonorons vibration, apparatus to study

the chemical stability of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *240 IU:attcr, nature of the existence of, by E. R.

Knowles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 19 IU:atter, on a fourth state of, by W . Crookes .238 llIatter, inner constitntion of. Abstract of an

address by Prof. G. D. Liveing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 IU:axwell, Jas. Clerk, biographical sketch, with

portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-3 14 Maxwell, Prof. Clerk. Biographicalsketch . 2 10 IU:cal

i cost o f per bushel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

IU:eas es, a lecture, by Dr. Alonzo Clark . . . . . 2 54 IU:casurc, liquid, Monroy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '.(-378 Mcasurcs and weights, Internat'l Bureau . -1('407 IU:casures, electric, unities of, decision on • . . 312 IU:casurement, base.line, byW. B . Whiting. 149 llIeasurements, anthropometric . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 MeasurcInents, minnte, of modern science. A

valuable and interesting series of articles, by Prof. Alfred M. Mayer, treating of the accurate determination, at the present day, of such quantities as lengths from 0 ' 01 of an inch to 0 ' 00001 of an inch and less ; of durations of time from one second to a few billionths of a second : of temperatures ranging through a few thousandths of a degree ; and showing in a popular way, and by the aid of diagrams and illustrations of appa· ratus, how these measures are made.

I. Some ideas in regard to the size of the magni-tudes which it is proposed to measure . . . . . . . *56

II. The micrometer screw ; its scientific and prac-tical applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(. 5 8

III. Method of measuring by me�ns of the micrometer screw furnished with contact level. . . * 60

IV. The spherometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 V. The reading microscope, or micromoter micro-scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*64

VI. Application of the compound microscope to the measurement of minute lengths . . . . . . . . . ·* 67

VII. The vernier and vernier microscope . . . . . -1(' 72 VIII. The cathetometer and its practical applica-

tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *77 IX. 'I.'he dividing engine and the method of mak-

ing accurate linear scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('80 X . Construction of a perfect screw ; manner o f de

termining the pitch of a screw ; and on onr stand-ards of iength and weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('92

XI. Application of rotating mirrors to the measurements of minute lengths, angles, and times. 1. Saxton's reflecting comparator . . . . . . . . . . . *96

XII. 2. Saxt{)ll's oomparator applied to the com-parisons of standards of length . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·* 103

XIII. 3. Saxton's mirror applied to the observation and measnrement of the changes in the dimensions of iron and steel bars when magnet-tized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 107

XIV. 4. Saxton's comparator applied as a ther-mometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 100

XV. The horizontal pendulnm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 XVI. Determination of the number of vibrations

made in a second by a tuning fork, with examples of the use of the latter as a chronometer to mark and register intervals of .time . . . . . . . . * 1 60

XVII. On Wheatstone's experiments to measure the velocity of electricity and the duration of the electric discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 65

XVIII., XIX. On the experiments of Feddersen, Henry, Hood, and Mayer on the nature and duration of the electric discharge . . . . * 168, -l(' 1 7 5

XX. On measurements of the lengths and the waves of light; preceded by accounts of the undnlatory theory of light and of the phenomena of difl'raction and interference of light . . . . . * 1 '7 7

IU:easnring apparatus, electric light, b y R. Sabine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �f 3 8 7

Measuring apparatns, electrical . . . . . . . . . . . *329 llIeasutlng apparatus, new form of for a laboratory spectroscope, by J. E. Heynolds . . . 122

IU:easuring apparatns, Willis' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 85 Mcasurlng devices. Descriptions of various new

gauges, recorders, and indicators . . . . . . . . . . *200 IU:easuring inaccessible heights and distances,

methods of, by T. E. Candler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-313 IU:easnring Instrumcns of U . S. Coast Snrvey,

and how used in making charts, determining the tides, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29

IU:casurlng Inachine, Sweet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 IU:eat, fresh, shipment of in refrigerated cham-

bel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ll14lat, fresh, trade i n between New York and

England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 IU:eat, preservation of, various methods . . . . . . 60 IU:cat, preservation of by carbonic acid . . . . . . . 392 IU:eat, raw, how to prepare for invalids . . . . . . . 64 IU:eat transport from New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 IU:"chanlcal drawing (see Drawing). llIcchanlcal drawings, a new method of keeping,

by C. T. Porter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 IU:cchanlcal engincerlng2 some of the devel

opments of dnrin/!' the last half-century, by Sir Frederick Bramwell, F.RS. A valuable and interesting paper read before the British Associa-tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12

IU::�.r:u�!f�l. e�g�ne

.��i��.

,. �� .��. i�,

. b:fJ�

IU:echanical labor of one man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 IU:cchanical movement, a simple . . . . . . . . . *90 IU:cchanical movem'ts, new, by H. K. Porter. 64 IU:cchanical scicnce ; address by Sir William

Armstrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 IU:echanics, amatenr : a treatise upon tools and

appliances for amateur mechanics, includin� a cheap and easily made lathe, drills, and drIlling ; tempering ; drill chucks ; work supports ; difl'erent modes of centering ; difl'erent ways of steadying work ; chucks and chueking ; turning and boring tools ; easily made slide rest ; rotary cutters, saws, and milling tools ; metal shaping ; wood working attachments for the foot lathe ; chasing screws ; knurl and knurling ; spinning metals, with examples of work and tools ; lens making, full description of tools and methods for small lenses ; glass engraving ; work in bnrnished brass ; t{)ols and methods completely illustrated by a large number of engravings . *3 1 1., *312,

*3 1 3, *317 , -1('31 8 IU:echanics, practical, a series of life sketches in,

showing the proper and improper methods of using tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *88

IU:cchanlsIn of a vertical attitnde, by Dr. A, Nicolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *395

IU:edals} how to reproduce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 Medica Buildings, University of Halle.*368 IU:edical elcctricity, by Dr. E. G. Loring . . 5 5 IU:

w��:Olo::�

eM�D�ia�,. ��

n.�,. a�� .�: bll1;

IU:edical proCcsslon, hygienic and therapeutic inflnence of habits and character in. A paper by Edward T. Tibbets, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1

IU:edlcated Ice, by Dr. J. V. Mott . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 IU:cdlcinal plants. cultivation of at Hitchin,

England, by E. M. Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 IU:edicine bit for horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 IU:cdicine� connection of biological sciences

with, by .prof. Huxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 IU:cdicine in small doses, efl'ects of, by John Mor-

ris, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44 IU:cdicine, photography in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *407 IU:edlcine, practical, relation of experimental

physiology to, by G. F. yeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 IU:

p��. t��I�g�l� . �.�

c��

e. �.� .��.

ng. ��2�':i

IU:edlcine, the range of the homreopathic law in, by Dr. W. B.A. Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7

IU:ediclnes for ponltry and how to administer them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED Wl'fH ENGRAVINGS. PBICE ::1.0 CENTS EACH NUMBER. MUNN Jt CO., · 86l BROADWA Y, NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMBERS.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. 877

Medlclnes..1 proprietary, formulas for . . . . . . . 342 [ Metals, various, method of tinning. . . . . . . . . . 3 3 I Microscopy : list of plants which alI'ord raphides, I Mining claims, how located and described ; who Me atherRIm () uvlerl, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 Meter ror electric currents. Hopkinson's . . • * 3 8 1 sphoora hides. Ion crystal prisms. and short ma take up claims on the public lands, and how Mefso, the most important food of the Japanese, Meter for liquids, Helbing's . . . . . . , .. . . . . . . . . . * 3 '7 1 Prismat�c crystals, �y G. Gulliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 it siiould bI;l do'?-e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9

b y Prof. D. P. Penha1low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 Meter (see also Gas, Water, VeloClmeter, etc.) . MlcroscopYt new field for, by W. S. Kent . . * 1 26 Mining claIms m Colorado. by Ril1hard A. Par-Melalnotypes, varnish for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 Meter, water. Frager's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 9 Mlcro-telepnone, Trouve's . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 6 ker. C.E . • giving an outline of the method and Melogr��1i, or music-registering apparatus� Meter, water. Rich�qs· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 Microtome, freez!ng, IMwis· ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 3 requirements of claim survey'ing in the minipg

Roncalh s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 � Meter, water. SchmId s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 2 Mlcrotome, freezmg, Taylor s . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 i regions of the West, and pomting out the m-Melting-points of metals and other SUbstances. Meters for power and electricity. A lecture by Middlings, mill for softening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 '7 ducements that Colorado offers as a field of oper-

new method of determining. by Dr. Himly . . '7 1 C . V . Boys, explaining in plain and untechnical Middlings purifier, Sutcliffe·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 ations for the civil engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 8 9 Melting points o f the elements and their coeffi- language tne structure of measuring apparatus Middlings purifiers. Benoist·s. Westrup's Cab- Mining, electric exploding apparatus for . * 3 1 9

cients of expansion b y heat, by.T. Carnelly . . 1 94 for power and electricity, and the manner of anes'i and Perrlgault's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* 1 0 1 Mining ena lne, Fowler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 Membrana tympani, rupture of. A clinical using them • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Mldd Ings purifiers. Excelsior . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 5 Mining dumes, Californian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *322

lecture, by C. R. Agnew, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Meters, standard. by J. E. Hilgard . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '79 Mlddllne;s purifier, electric. Osborne's . . . . * 2 3 5 MIning, gold. by Thos. Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 Memory, by Dr. R . W . Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Meters� water. Samain's and Deplechin and Ma- Middlings, separat;ion by air currents . . . . * 1 01 Mining, hydraulic. at Duwh Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 Memory, infiuence o f shock on. b y R . O. Cowling. thelen s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 6 Mllde_s and moulds1 by Dr. A. G. Field . . . . . 3 0 8 Mining, hydraulic, in California . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 6

M . D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Meteoric dust, i n Italy, observations o n . . . . 2 4 9 Milk, adulteration or. by Dr. H. A. Mott, Jr. A Mining in Arizona and in N. Mexico . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 Memphis, the Serapeum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 Meteoric stones, life on, abstract of a paper by comprehensive and valuable paper . . . . . 66, * '2' 1 Mining in Boulder County, by F. L. Vinton . 1 2 0 Memphis, sewerage of. b y F . S. Odell . . . . . * 2 8 4 Sir W. Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Milk analysis, Gerber'S apparatus for . . . . . * '7 3 Mining la_s of the United States . . . . . . . . . 1 0 3 Menhaden, short biography of. b y Prof. G . Meteoric _aters, crystallization o f . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 Milk a s a carrier o f diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0 Mining machinery L heavy . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 '7

Brown Goode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 94 MeteOrite, remarKable, Emmet County . . . . . 2 3 9 Milk, apparatus for determining the quantity of Mining operations at Jflood Rock, Hell Gate. 266 Mennonlt�s, thrift and progress of . . . . . . . . . 263 MeteO rite, remarkable, at Estherville. Iowa, by water in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 8 Mining process, Monnier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . * 8 4 Mental actIOn. automat. by Prof. J. M . Long.2 3 3 C. U. Shepard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 5 Milk a s a vehicle o f contagIOn. b y A. R. Becker, Mining project, great, the combinatIOn shaft. Mental depresslon,prolonged,disorders arising MeteOrite, Stalldalen. l.500 feet in dianIeter. by M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60 94

from. treatment of. oy J. H. O·Reilly. M.D . . 1 44 Prof. N oraenskjold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 Milk as f� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . : . . 1 06 Mining pump, Blake's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 3 MentaI Illusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 MeteOrite, the Boko-Banja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * � O O Milk, bovme and human, difference m actIOn and Mining regions o f the West. b y Prof. W. P . Menthol crystals, preparation o f . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 '7 MeteOrites, gases contained i n , by Prof. A. W . composition, b y C . Husson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 2 Blake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 0 Menthol for relieVIng pain. b y D. M . Cammanl!! Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 Milk beer ... how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 Mining shafts, Kind-Chaudron process for

M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 7 Meteorites, huge. discovered b y Nordenskjold Milk, conaensed, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6 Sinking and tubing, by Julien Deby. A valuable Mercurial pump, al1;tom. 90l1;ttclenc·s . . . * 2 3 9 in Greenland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 Mllk� condensed. report on. by Dr. August e:x;hibit 9f the cC!st. methods. and tools employed. Mercuro-cyanlde mtenslfymg process for MeteOrites, remarkable. shown at the Centen- Voelcker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 0 Wlth 21 I1lustratIOns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 2 Jilatino-brOmide plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 0 nial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 3 Milk, cow's, digestibility o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 8 Mining, sinking through aqueous strata in. with-

ercury, a delicate test for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *293 Meteorltesl_structure and origin of. abstract of Milk diet as a remedial agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 out pumping machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 Mercury, bichloride o f . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 a paper b y ii. C. Sorby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 '7 lU.ilk, elephant·s. composition of. by Dr. C. A. Mining stamps, Californian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 Mercury, detection of minute quantities. appa- Meteorogra.phi printing, Theorell·s . . . . . : . . * 3 8 Doremus . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 8 Mining, use of lime in instead of,powder . . *403

ratus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 1 Meteorologlca observatory, Mt. SantlS*4 1 6 Milk establishment for 50 cows, desIgn for. * 2 8 9 Mining _edge for the exuactIOn of coal. El-Mercury, diiodide. effect of heat upon. by G. F. Meteorological registers, by Marie-Davy. Milk, fermentation and putreIaction of. by T. J. liott's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 20

Rodwell . . . . . . . . . " . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 68 * 1 9 8 Burrill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Minneapolis, explosion of Washburn mill at Mercury distiller, new, Clark's . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 3 Meteorology, maritime. by T. B. Maury. A Milk house, cheap. how to construct . . . . . . . . 30 in 1878 ; view of ruins, particulars. etc . . . . . * 1 3 3 Mercury, how t o dIstilL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 6 _ paper of great interest to all navigators . . . . . . 2 '7 0 Milk, medicaI uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Mint, U. S., at Philadelphia. Pa . • description of Mercury intensifiers, by C. I. Burton and A. P. Meteors, an interesting account of the various Milk, method of analyzing. by E. H. Von Baum- its various departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 '7

LaurIe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 theories that are and have been held regardinf hauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . * '7 3 Mirror, astronomical, mercury, Collin's • . . . . * 3 6 Mercury ... _ oleate of. for the hair. by A. H. De them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 MIl� methods of analyzing. b y E . Peligot. * 3 '7 '7 Mirror Crame, carved, design for . . . . . . . . . *265

Young. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 5 Meteors, by R. J. McCarty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 3 Milk, methods of preserving . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 Mirror of J apan and its magic quality, by Prof. Mercury, purification of. apparatus for. Meyer·s. Meteors, Prof. Peirce on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 8 Milk, method of testing the purity and richness W. E. Amon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '79

* 182 Meteors, relation of to comets, lecture by Prof. of WIth gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Mirror, Baxton·s. applications of . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 '7 Meridian line, how t o find, by R. W. McFarland. H. A. Newton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . 1 '72, 1 ,! 3 Milk, new mode o f analyzinl!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 M�rror� toilet. Nuremberg, after design b y Prof.

344 Methyl aniline manufacture, Improvements m. Milk mlrror� the Guenon ; the external marks C. SChICk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 '7 Meridian, true. how to establish, b y Prof. L. M. . 1 '7 6 b y which may oe known the a!1l0unt of milk a cow Mirrors, magic .. of sjlvered glass .: . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 8

Haupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 60 Methyl chloride, p:repa�tion !l.Ild uses . . , . � 3 9 :will yield and the length of tIme she will hold out Mirrors, rotatmg, applied t o mmute measure-Mesmeric experiments, by Dr. Beard . . . . 2 9 0 Metric system : 18 It WIse to mtroduce It mto m her fiow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 5 ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 5 Mesquite bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 8 our machine shops ? by Coleman Sellers . . . . . 2 6 8 Milk., mule·s. analysis of. b y Prof. A . Duges. 3 5 2 Mirrors, silvering, improveIQ·t. Lenoir·s . . . . 206 Metal, Babbitt. recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 9 Metronome, pianograph, Hodgson·s . . . . . . * 3 5 0 Milk, new �lOints in the production of . . . . . . . . 264 Mirrors, value in photographing interiors . . . 225 Metal casts of insects. etc . • how to make . . . . 3 1 1 Mexico, anment palaces of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 6 Milk, optIcal apparatus for testing. Mittel- Mlsereres in Lincoln Cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 1 Metal, fusible. recipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 9 Mexico, Aztec ruins in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 6 strasse·s . . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 6 1 Mississippi, improvement of. b y J. B . Eads.., Metal, gun. strength of. experiments at Ports- lJIexlco, ruins in at Palenque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 0 5 Milk separator, Danish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 1 C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6, 8 0 1>

moutn dockyar? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 Mexico, sacerdotal palaces of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 0 Milk tree of Venez.uela . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . *206 Mississippi River alluvial basin of. by Gen. Metal, new. actll;num . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 5 Meydoom, pyramid of . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 � 1 Mllk-teste.r, centrIfug!Jl, Lefeldt s . . . . . . . . * 2 1 9 Henry L. Abb<?tt . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .. . * 1 4; Metal, new, galllUm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 Mho_ah, or Mahwah. an IndIan food tree . . . 2 8 4 Mllk� why It sours durmg thunderstorms. by M. Mississippi RIver, allUVial basID of ; reVIew of Metal, new. gallium, discovery of . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 Mica veins of N. Carolina, by W. C. Kerr . . . * 3 05 W. Ues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 '2' report of U. S. Levee Commission. by Jas. B. Metal, new, N: orweglUm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 Microchemical reactions, by Dr. A. Tschirch. MIlking apparatus, �lurt?n·s . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 '7 Eads . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . . ... . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . * � 1 lJIetal, new, ZlrClm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 9 3 6 1 Mill buildings, practical hmts on. by R. James Mississippi RIver and Its trIbutaries. early hlS-Metal planers, gearing for, Bilgram·s . . . . * 3 9 6 Micrometer for microscopes. Burch's . . . . . * 1 5 2 Abernathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 tory Of1 by J. W. Spencer. Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :J 8 4 Metal shaping, method o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 2 Micrometer t o read barometer curves . . . . * 1 9 8 Mill buildmgs. oscillation a.nd vibration of. and Mlsslss ppl River jetties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 Metal, Spence's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 Micrometer scre_, its scientific and practical h o w to remedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 '7 Mississippi River. jetty works a t the mouth of. Metal spinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 applications. by A. M. Mayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 8 Mill, cotton"Boott.,.at Lowelll Mass . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 1 by E. D. (lortell. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . * 2 1 Metal sur.Cacesl how to gild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Mlcropathy, by pro John W. Maclean . . . . . . 2 8 3 Mill, fiour. u�ver .l!Jvans' mC!ael of 1183 • . . . . * 1 63 Missouri, Columbia. and Colorado Rivers. wil-Metal surfaces\ tne wear of, by Joshua Rose ; the Microphone, a sImple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 Mill for crushmg malt. etc . • lmproved • . . . . . *402 derness at the head of, by C. F. Blackburn . . 1 8 3

conditions unaer which wear takes place in the Microphone, action of. Prof. Jas. Blyth . . * 3 6 6 Mill for softening middlings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 '7 Missouri, little bad lands of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 '7 running parts o f machinery. and suggestions as Microphone, an easily construc:ted . . . . . . *420 Millers, useful items for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 Missouri, mound discoveries in. by C. W. Ste-to how it may be diminished. Valuable paper. * 5 Microphone and telephone. some modifications Mllllng, American. by Andrew Hunter . . . . . 2 8 9 venson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 32

Metal _orklng machine. UniversaL . . . . . * 3 3 '7 of. A n illustrated description, b y: Geo. M . Hop- Milling machine, Brainard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 6 Missouri River navigation, preliminary report Metal, thin plates of, remarkable. by Prof. Egles- kins. of several simple and easily-constructed Milling machine for gun work, Bement's . . . * 4 3 upon the improvements in. by Major Chas. R.

ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 1 forms of the microphone and telephone in which Milling machinery and methods. improved, by Suter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 0 Metal, wood. and stone working machines a t the the defects inherent to the ordinary styles of the J. l<'.Gent; also porcelain rollers for milling. * 1 62 Mitrailleulle, N ordenfelt. marine and cam-

Philauelphla Exhibition. by J. Anderson . . . . 1 1 4 apparatus are obviated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 3 Milling machfues and tools. by J . Rose . . . . * 1 6 _ paign types of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *294 Metallic alleys" .method of imparting resonance Microphone, cheap. for domestic uses . . . . * 3 4 '7 Milling methods,American. ten years' progress MixIng and kneading machinery. imp . . . . . . *2 1 5

tc, by Prof. B. S1lliman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Microphone contacts, experiments of Stroh i��.by Albert Hoppin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 3 Mixing machine for concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 0 8 Metallic chlorides, preparation of. by C. W. on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 9 Mll.llng, new process of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 , Model-making, hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 '7

Watts and C. A. Beil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 '7 Mlerophone forthe study of ,muscular contrac- Milling questions and answers . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Model Carm in Normandy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 0 Metallic compound, new (Spence's metal). by G. tion. Trouve and Dc Boyer·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�29 Milling, roiler. theory of. by Gustav Pappen- Model of palace in which Peter the Great was

Cole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Microphone, musical. by W. H. Snell . .. . . *20'2' heim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 born . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 42 Metallic paeklng, Jackson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Microphone in observatories. by L. Niesten. 3 1 6 Milling tools and emery wheels. files versus. by Model school. North Adelaide . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 8 Metallic rings, appar. t o make. �aplin's . . . * 2 8 Microphone, pile, by W, J. La��asterh F.R.S. J. Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 ModeUng in clay, by Edwar!I A. Spring. A val-Metallic sulphides, new propertIes of . . . . * 2 1 2 Use 6f the Instrument ID medicme ; ' ow to Mills, sugar-cane. lmproved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 6 uable set of rules and directIOns, by the study of Metallic surCaces, coating of with platinum, by ma1!:e a most s!mple and entertaining instrument; Millstone dress .and dre�ing tools . . ;,- . . . . * 1 9 0 which alIl!-ost.any one can soon learn to practice

the Dode process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 '7 curIOUS experIments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 '7 Millstone dresslng machme. Dupet� s . . , . . * 1 8 2 this art WIth success, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Metallic solutions, reduction of b y means of Microphone receivers, simple forms of. by: W. Millstone, a model dress for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 9 Models and casts, a new material for . . . . . . . 3 '7 8 _j!"RSe��!ltc .• by Dr. G. Gove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 J. Millar, C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '78 Millstone, spindles. pulleys and pinions for . 2 1 0 Moistening apparatus for spinning and weav-Meta.LUCerous depOsits, origin and formation Microphone, researches on during 1880 . . . * 2 69 Millstones, the ventilation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 ing rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 2

of. bJ' M. Dieulafait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 4 Microphone, stethoscopiC. Ducretet's . . . . * 1 63 Millstones, theory of the grooves in . . . . . . * 1 '7 8 Molecular physics in hi�h vacua. A paper M�tallold elements, Pictet's proposal to disso- Mlcrophone-teleph.one, Luedtge's .. . . . . * 1 9 3 Mlmic17, protective. in animals and plants, by by .William lJrookes. desc!-"lbing a remarkable

Clate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Microphone, the actIOn of. by A. Stroh . .. * 3 8 3 Prof. MlVart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 4 serIes o f experiments, tendmg to show that there Metalloscopy and metallotherapy applied to the Microphone, the action of, by Prof. James Mimicry, protective. in bats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 2 exists i n nature a fourth and higher condition of

treatment or hysteria. by Prof. Charcot . . . . . • 1 2 3 Blyth, M.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '7 8 Mlmulus cupreus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 1 0 matter as much more ethereal than the gaseous Metallotherapy ; treatment of disease by appli- Microphone, theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �39 Mind, absence of. as a sign of incipient mental condition as the gaseous state is hi�her than the

cal;ion of metal to the skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Mlerophone, theory . of. new researches on..,! by disease . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 3 liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 9 Met��lurglcal processes, recent. by J. Arthur Dr. Julian Ocnoswicz . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . , . . . . . . * ¥0 '7 Mind, failure of, some o f 1:he causes o f . . . . . . 1 2 3 lU.olecular physics in high vacua, contributions

PhIllIpS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 1 '7 Microphone, torsiol).. Dunand � . ; . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 0 Mine aCCidents, mechamcal appliances fo:.:,. by to. by Wilham Crookes ; magnetic defiectlon. of MetallurgYl gold and silver. in the Umted States, Microphone transmItter. ';Vredm s . . . . . . . , *426 C. Hawksley and E. B. Marten . . . . . . . . . . . . . * .1 0 5 molecular trajectory ; laws o f magneti!, rotation _ progress of. oy T. Egleston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 Microphone, Wheatstone s. a modificatIOn of. Mine, amber. sinking a paIr of shafts for. . . . 2 in high and low vacua ; phosphorogemc proper-Metallurgy, nickel, progress of, by W. P. Blake. and its applicability to radiophonic researches, Mine, BaBsic. Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 4 ties o f molecular discharge . . . . . . . . *243. *244

3 9 6 by Alexander Graham Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 8 Mine, Calumet, standpipe of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '71 Molecular _eights, a new method of deternIin-Metallurgy, photo-electro. by W. Watts. A val- Mlcrophonic contacts. interesting experiments Mine, Comstock, bonanzas of . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . 5 '7 ing. and the results obtained by it. by Edward

uable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 on, by Mr. Stroh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 9 Mine, comstockhbY A. P. Schack. An mtercst- Vogel • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 '7 Metals, action of chlorine on, by R. Cowper. 394 Microphones, Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 ing account of t is famous 10deJ illustrated with Molecules, Crooke's discov. concerning . . . * 1 8 1 Metals, action of oils on. oy W. H. Watson, Micro-photographic apparatus for use in several figures. showing vertical sections . . . * '7 3 Molecules, size of, by N. D. C. Hodges . . . . . . 1 92

F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 '7 chemical examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 5 Mine, Comstock. by J. S. Hittell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Moles, how to remove from the skin . . . . . . . . 1 62 Metals and their ores ; law according to which Mlcrophotogrpahs, how to take. by Dr. C. Mine, Comstock, heat of, by J. A. Church . . . . 1 6 5 Molrbdlc solution. observations on the prepa-

they come .to, or near to. the surface of the earth. Seiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 Mine, EF!t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 09 artIOn and I1;se of, .by M. K;uptferschlaeger . . . 3 2 6 . by Prof. RIChat:d Owen . . . . . . . , .: . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 2 62 Micro-photographs, how to take . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 Mine, 0 Neil\ concentratmg � at . . . . . . . . * 3 9 4 Monet, Loms. BIOgraphICal sketch. with. por-

Metals, annealing by electrImty. machine for. Micro-photography, apparatus for . . . . . * 2 8 4 Mine, Proviaence, the Monmer process of ore trait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 6 Warringto�'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 Micro-photography, moderp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 0 reduction at: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 4 Money" haw made. b y A . E . Outerbridge. Jr. In-

Metals, antI-rust coating fOJ;' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � 3 5 Micro-photography, : des�rIption of new form Mine, quicksIlver, �uadslupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 terestIl!g account o� the processes employed at Metals, bars and plates. testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 of apparatus for taking mICrophotographSi by Mine, the CandelarIa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 the Umted States Mmt . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 2 Metals, blow-holes in. remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 Dr. Ephraim Cutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 92 Mine ventilator, Roots· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 00 Mongoose and cobra. by G. A. Stockwell . . . 4 24 Metals, casting, centrifugal apparatus for, Tay- Micro-telephone, D·Arsonval's . . . . . . . . . . * 3 '7 0 Mineral analysis, Muller's improvem't in.249 Monitor, submarine. electrical. Tuck·s . . . . . . 400

ler ana Wailes· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29f) Microscope, a simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 0 Mineral deposltst. the Comstock lode . . . . . . 1 9 9 Monkeys. An interesting paper. by Alfred R. Metals, certain. fiuid density of. by Prof. W. C. Microscope, an eyepiece adjunct of for use by a MineraI dresser, v�eld's: .: . : . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 5 Wallace . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Roberts and T. Wrightson . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 3 second observer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '2' Mineral localities In the VIC1lllty: of New York Montezuma, bIrthplace of. by T. S. Case . *263 Metals, chanj!"eof volume of in melting . . . . . . 42 '7 Microscope and some of its recent revelations city, by N. H. Darton . . . . . . 3 44, 349, 3 6 3 , 4 1 5 lU o ntgolfier brothers, notes on the lives and Metals, coatmg with other metals. Morewood's by John Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 MineraI phosphates as fertilizers . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 characters of. by Dupu:\, De Lome . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 3 __ _ process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Microscope as a means of investigation. by Dr. Mineral _001, the manufacture of . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Monument by R. Dietelbach, Stuttgart . . . * 3 09 Metals, comparative toxicity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 Carl Seiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 223 Mineralogy, microscopic, by .T. Girard . . . . . * 1 1 Monument, German national. on the Nieder-Metals, deternIinstion and separation �f by elec- Microscope, binOCular, for high powers. by J. Minerals and O�ga,?-ism� distin<:t'n l?etween. 345 wald, at Bingen, with full particulars of erection.

trolysis by Messrs. Classen and Von RelS . . . . . 299 T. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 4 Minerals, application 0 orgamc amds to the de- *4061_* 4 1 2 Metlils, determination o f the equivalents of by Microscope, compound, application of to meas- termination of. by Dr. H. C. Bolton . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 '7 Monument in St. Stephen's Cathedral. vienna,

means of their sulphates. by H. Daubigny . . • 4 1 8 ures of minute lengths. b y Prof. Mayer . . . . * 6 '7 Minerals, carbon. origin and relation of. byJ. S. * 4 1 1 Metals, effect of water and solutions upon . . . 2 0 6 Microscope, detection and separation of silical Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Monument,German. War and Peace . . . . . *41 5 lJIetals, electro-chemioal analysis of . . . . . . . * 2 6 5 alumina. glucina boric acid, the alkalies. ana Minerals, discoveries of in Western North Caro- Monument to General V. Goeben . . . . . . . . *424 Metals, electrolytic determination of. by Ludwig some of the metias by, by H. Reisch . . . . . . . . . 3 2 6 lina, by" John T. Humphreys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Monument, with wrought iron inclosure. by

Scheclit . . . . . . : . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . ; . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 2 3 !J Microscope, detection of forgeries by. by Prof. IU:1nerlils, how to prospect for. by J. E. Clayton, Walther . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '7 Metals, embrIttlmg" alloys of silver WIth. expep- J. H. Wythe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 8 M.E . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Monuments and lllScrIptions of American his-

ments on, by A. E. uuterbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1il 5 Microscope, eye pieces for. improvement in.! by Minerals, liquid carbonic acid in. by W. N. tory in yucatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 322 Metals, enamel mixtures for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 J. H. Wytne. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *-¥3 0 Hartle:!' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 Monuments o f Yucatan. are they ancient or Metals, expansion and contraction of. Mayer's Microscope, impr'd, Molera and Cebrian's.*243 Minerals, metallic. production and uses of, by modern. by A. Le Plongeon, M.D . . . . . . . . . . *405

apparatus for measuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 03 Mleroscope, improved. Waechter's . . . . . . . . *260 J. Yelloly Watson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Monuments, sepulchral. marble, in Genoa* 1 42 Metals, fiow of. by David Townsend. A record Microscope in chemistry. by H. C. Sorby . . . 1 2 4 MlneralSi new, by Dr. H. Wurtz . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 5 Moon, apparent distance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 0

of experiments o n nuts and bars punched cold, Microscope in writing, by R. H. Ward . . . . . . 244 Miners' I ngo ; definitions of the terms used by Moon, is It inhabited ? By CanIille Flammarion. ShOWIng that an actual flow takes place in mptals Microscope, life-slide for. Holm!ln·s . . . . . . *.1 04 miners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 1 69,. 1 '7 0 under preB!!ure. ; . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9 Microscope micrometer and ItS applicatIOns, Mines, appat:. for ascending or descending. * 3 6 '7 Moon , rainbow rings about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it 4 1 9

Metals, fimd density of. b y Prof. W . C . Roberts b y A . M . Mayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 4 Mines, blastmg and blown-out shots in. � W. Moon, supposed changes o n the . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2 and T. Wrilfhtson . . . . . . . . . . : .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 Mleroscope micrometer. But:ch·s . . . . . • . . . . * 1 5 2 Purdy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 6 Moo�, the, not a dead star. by Dr. Hermann J.

Detals, fUSIOn of by electrICIty . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Microscope, new camera lumda for . . . . . . . *428 Mines, blowers. or outbursts of gas in. by" W. Klem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Metals, galvanic deposition of. change of volume Microscopes, new stage incubator for. by Dr. Purdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�65 Moon, tidal evolution of, by Dr. Ball • . . . . . . . . 802

accompanying, by E. Bouty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 8 H. A. Heeves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 8 Mines, coal, of Trinidad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 2 Moon, variation in motion, caused by the earth's Metals, heating in 'OOCuo by an electric current, Microscope, poly, Von Lenhossek·s . . . . . . . * 1 4 3 Mines, coal. ventilating chanIbers. automati- spheroidal figure, by D. P. Blackstone . . . . . * 1 3 8 _ _ phenomena of. by Thomas A. Edison . . . . . . . . 1 9 4 Microscope, rotating stage for . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 '7 '7 cally closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 1 Moonlight, by Richard A. Proctor . . . *95, *99 Metals, how to chase and knurL . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 3 Microscope, solar, new. Lutz·s . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 1 lJllnes, coal. workin!\" by electricity . . . . . . . . . . 402 Mordant, new, for fixing coloring matters . . 8 9 Metals, mode.rn tools and cutt.:Jrs for. and sys- Mlcr�sco�e test-plate, Fasoldt's 1,000,000,. an Mines, compres�d aIr in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 Mordant, �cyr, for.Turkeyred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1

tems of cuttiDg. by W. F. SmIth. A valuable evemng wIth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥44 Mines, gold. of SIberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 6 Mordant, silICIC amd as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 __ paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . , . . . . . * 3 9 4 Microscope, ver1)-ier. Mayer'� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '7 2 Mines, gold, Pl]lmas County, Cal: . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mo.rln, Gen: Arthur Jules. Biographical sketch. Metals, new method of coatiIlJl' With tID . . . . . . 1 3 5 Microscope applied to chemIstry . . . . . . . . . * 3 2 5 Mines, mechamcal ventilation of. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 WIth ]>ortralt . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ': . . . . . . . . . *228 Metals of �he ammonium sulpliide grouP. method Microscopes and.microscopy. by Dr. Royston- Mines of old Mexi_co . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 9 Morphine in OPIum. determmatIOn of, by E. F.

of separatmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 Pigott . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 6 Mlnes of the Lana of MidIan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 9 Terschunacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 Metals, of th!J platinum series. preparation of in �croscopes, early. at the British Loan Exhibi- Mines, quicksilver. of California. geology of. by Mortar, action of lime on the silica in . . . . . . . 2 1 0

a state of purIty. by G. Matthey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 tIOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 6 L. Wagoner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '7 5 Mortar and cement, strength of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 Metals, precious. the world's production of. 3 6 1 Microscopes, e3'e pieces for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 9 Mines, salt, wonderful. of Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Mortar carriage and truck. for sea-coast bat-Metals, precious. total yield of the earth since Microscopic objects, how to eularge and photo- Mines, silver and coal, remarkable. of Peru . * 8 6 terie.s . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ** 3 3

the creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 graph, by �. A. Rutot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 Mlnes, silver. in New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Mortar mixer, Gubbins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Detals, preciolls. where they go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 Microscopic attachment. a simple device for the Mines, South Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 Mortar mixer, steam, Barrowe and Stewart. * 5 3 Metals, protection of from atmospheric action by illuminatIOn of balsam-mounted objects for ex- Mines, tin, of Perak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Mosaic _ork, Cor!r CathedraL . . . * 2 1 4, * 224

a coating of certain of their own oxides, by John amination with certain immersion objects, whose Mines, ventilator for. Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '7 0 Mosque of St .. SophIa . . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 Percy. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 5 balsam angle i s 90 ° o r upward. b y Dr. J . J . Wood· Mines, zinc • . o f Lancaster Co., Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 Mosquitoes, oil for preventing attacks of . . 344

Metals, resistance of. by Prof. Thurston.. . . . 1 5 ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 3 Mines, zinc. of Sussex Co .• N. J . • by N. H. Darton. Moss copper, by W . M . Hutchings. . . . . . . . . . '7 1 Metals, spectra of at tlie base of fiames b y Mr. Microscopic slide, a new. b y Ernest Vanden 3 9 3 Moth, vacuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 0

Gouy . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 68 Broeck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'32 Mining and smelting. cost of. by W. Belshaw. 5 1 Mother-oC-Pearl and pearl inlaying . . . . . . . . 3 1 'J Metals, submarine and subterranean, electric Microscopic v1slo�t Abbe's new theory of, ob- Mining at West. h!>w profits are absorbed in . 29 Moths entrap�e.d by an asclepiad .plant (PhYSI-

apparatus for detecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 '7 servations on. by J . . W. StepheBSOn . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 Mining cages, WIre rope for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24'7 anthus), and kIlled by honey bees . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 Me'als, tempering o f b y compression, Cleman- Microscopical examination, preparation of Mining, coal. at Mt. Diabl91 Cal. . : . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 Moths, pre�rvatio� ?f goods from . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 3

dot·s proOO8s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 materials-for. by Dr. Carl Seiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 '7 Mining, coal. at Steubenvil e. OhIO . . . . . . . . . . '72 Motion, fallIng, OrIgm of, by Charles MorriB.240

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. PBICE .l.O CENTS PEB NUMBEB. MUNN cf: CO., 86.1. BBOAD WA Y, j\'EW YOBK. - IN OBDEBING PLIU.IiE GIYE THE NVMBEB8.


378 A CATAJ�OGU:E OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS OONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. c

Motion, link, the inventor of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Music, theory, experiments affecting . . . . . . . . 401 Motfon, perpetual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Muslcal lnstruDlents, electrical, at the Cen-Motion tiDler, suggest'n for. by J. W. See.*12 tenniaL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Motive power, electricity as, byProf. Ayrton. Musical sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

198 Musical telegraph, La Cour's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *10 Motive power, gas versus steam as . . . . . . . . . 322 Musical tones, transmission of telegraphicall3A Motive power, transmission of. data concerning by Elisha Gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *0 various methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Musk, interesting information about . . . . . . . . 391

Motor, air. Beaumont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Muskett balloon. Krupp·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40 M .. tor, air. gas. and steam. Simon·s . . . . . . . . *168 Mustara, examination of. by C. T. Gage . . . *225 Moto1', ammonia, Gamgec·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 1 MYOPY

i or short Sight. treatment of . . . . . . . . * 1 36 Motor, caloric. Ericsson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *'70, *218 Mytlio oglc phllosophy,byProf. J.W.Powell.

Motor, caloric, Rider·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 N

193, 194 Motor. caloric. Sachsenberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 162 Motor, caloric. Todt·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 Motor, caloric. Van Renne·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24'7 Nalls, finger. changes in the .ines of during sick-Motor, compres'd air asJ.. by W. H. l-Iassey.*323 ness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30 Motor, compressed air • .HCaumont's . . . . . . . . *248 Nalls, how to drive. by D. Blanchard . . . . . . . . . 26'7 Motor, dynamo, for electric generators . . . *32'7 Nalls, miter-cut .... how manufactured. . . . . . . . . . 6 Rotor, electric. Bessolo·s. and Siemens' oJllcln- Napler:LJames .!t •• ' the shipbuilder. Sketch of

ring el�ctro-magnetie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *43 1 oihis llIe and labors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 Rotor, eleotric. Bllrgin·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *323 Napier Robert biographical sketch With por Motor, electric, Deprez·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *212 trait . . � . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . *40 ;�::�: :l:��: �:;d�fu:::;gg,��::::::f� N

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Motor, electro. Chutaux·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Naphthalene, preparation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Motor, electro. Elias· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 5 Naphthalln as a wound-dressing. by Dr. G . R. Motor, electro-magnetic, Deprez·s. by Th. Du Fowler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'72

Moncel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Narcotics and stimulants used in Asia . . . . . . . 398 ',Motor, electro-magnetic. Egger's . . . . . . . . . . . . *'78 Nasal catarrh, by Dr. F.H. Bosworth. A valua-Mutor, electro-magnetic, Sawyer·s . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 ble paptlr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 :�:��'f��e��y! ?ii;�ts��:� ·. : · . . · .

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M tor, 8(ts and steam, Simon·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 82 and musk-ox ; walrus ; seal ; wolf-like dog. 1 2 Motor, gas. Benier·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Natural history notes ; New mammalia of the Motor, gas. Clerk·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 0 Puerco formatIOn ; growth of plants in acid solu-Motor, gas. cost of work·g. by F. T. Linton. 248 tions ; salt-water insects used as food ; crayfish : Motor, gas. Cropper·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *95 bottle-nose whale ; squealing toad ; electric fish ; Motor, gas. Crossley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '7 elephant·s revenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Motor, gas. Dowson·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Natural laws, harmony and application of. by B Motor, gas. Edwards· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 '.r Giraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 IH Motor, gas, Ewins and Newman·s . . . . . . . . . . *360 Nature forces, action of. by Prof. Geikie . . . . 202 Motor, gas. Forcet·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 N

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n Ir.nodnOcnla· *d3tu3r� Motor, gas. Gilles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 . _

Motor, gas. Lang and Otto·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'7 ret ship Huascar and Chilian ironclads . . . . . *212 Motor, gas, Otto's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 146, *282 Naval Corces, German and Amer. compared.. 5 Motor, gas. Ravel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *·2 7 6, *313 Naval signaling, Morse alphabet for . . . . . . . 45 Motor, gas. Roots· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Navigation. Abstract of a lecture by Sir W . Motor, gas. steam. and air. Simon·s . . . . . . . . * 1 68 ThOlnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Motor, gas. Turner·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Navigation, aerial, and its possibilities. by T. Motor, gas. theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 ChOinski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 Motor, glIB. WordsWorth·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *380 Navigation, aerial. by F. Barnett . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '72 Motor, hydro. or vessel propelled by water

*j3etOs'8

Navigation, aerial. by F. W. Breary . . 1 9 1 , 240 Navigation, history of. from the lacustrine pi-

Motor, hydrocarbon. Brayton·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 58 rogue uf to sail vessels of the 10th century, by Motor, light! for balloons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *286 Admira Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 410 'Moror, oscil ating. for pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'76 NaVigation, problems of. new instnIment for Motor, prime. electro-magnetism as . . . . . . . . . 3 59

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f .. . B·*. 2GO• Motor, sun. Mouchot·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 16'7 ,sl,

Motor, water-meter, Hutter·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29'7 Northrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Motor, water-pressure, Hastie's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 0 Nebula, great. in Andromeda. as figured by Bond Motor, water, Wigzell and Pottit·s . . . . . . . . . *2'70 in 1847. Trouvelot in '7(. and by Perry in '81.*338 Motor, wind. · · Tourbillon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *330 Nebular theory ; abstract of lecture by Prof. Motors and elevators. hydraulic. by B. F. Jones. Benj. Peirce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '73

392 Necrophorl, o r burying beetles. by J . Fletcher. Motors and producers, gas. Siemens' . . . . . . . *324 323 Motors, compressed aIr. by Jas. Young . . . . *309 Neeropolls, new. Madrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '76 Motors, compressed air. for street cars, by Gen. Needle, dipping. original discovery of . . . . . *366

H. Haupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '76, 1'7'7 Needles, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 Motors for rolling mills. Davey's . . . . . . . . . . . *391 Needles, magic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20'7 M .. tors, gas, at Paris Electrical Exhibition . . 30'7 Needlework, the art of. by Mary W. Willis. 89 Motors, gas. BOttcher·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *302 Negative filDls, transfer of to paper. . . . . . . . '72 Motors, gas. Buss. Sunbart and Co. ·s . . . . . . *265 Negative paper process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Motors, glIB. earlr. notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 '7 Negative, retouching. improved. by G. F. E. Motors, gas, effiCIency of. by Thos. Holgate.368 Pearsall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 'Motors, gas. water gas for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Negative. and ferrotypes. removing varnish Motors, spring. for sewing machines . . . . . . * 142 from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 Motors, spring. Steel and Austin's, Leveaux·s. Negatives, combination. � L. Warnerke . . . 5 1

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sc:��w��:,��hti'oub1�� Negatives, conversion of 'rectly into posit};:� Bacon·s. Moeslein·s. Howell's, and Lathrop·s. Negatives, fiexible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

*46, *4'7 , *48 , *50 Negatives for single transfer carbon printing, Motors, steam (see Steam Engines). reproduction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 l.U.otors, the cannon. steam engine. man. and the Negatives, gelat . • formula for intensifying. 2 1 3

insect as . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 4 14 Negatives, gelatine. by Rev. H. J . Pahner . . . 124 Motors, wind. economy of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 5 Negative!' .. gelatine emulsion. development of, Moumon, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209 by H. J . .N ewton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 3 Mould as an insect destroyer, by C . G . Siewe2t3

N:if:.��':�� .��.� • . �.�� .�. ��:�� .��d. ��l'b� Mould, green, of cheese. fruit. etc . . . . . . . . *271 Negatives, gelat .• intenSifying with silver . . . 329

Moulds for casting in fusible alloys. how to Negatives, gelatine. novel method of intensify-lJI�\caPJgGa:l' ��&ng 'maciiiiie; Aiiders��,r. N ��a:iive8� . gelatiiie; 'retoiiohing: .' .' .' : .' .' .' : : .' : : :J2

*34'7 Negatives, glass. direot prints from . . . 1 1 8, 1 3 1 Moulding and founding apparatus. Jackson and Negatives, how to detach from . tht'ir glass sup-

Co.·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *48 ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 8 Moulding machine for wheels. Scott's . . . *80 Negatives, how to remove the varnish from . . 4,0 Moulding mach . • Gallas and Aufderheide.*306 Negatives, intensification of • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Moulding machine. Sebold and Neff's . . . . . *246 Negatives, intensify'g by exposure to light .. 232 Moulding machine. universal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'7 Negatives, multiplication and reproduction.303 lJIouldlng, ornamental. from Salisbury Cathe- Negatives, novel method of intensifying . . . 341

dral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *191 Negatives, opaque. how to weaken. by E. Rienel. Moulds for copper objects, machine for • . . *429 '70 Mound builders and the Aztecs . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Negatives or positives. gelatine. Intensification Mound builders. by W. H. Pratt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Of with silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Mounds" prehistoric, Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 68 Negatives, panoramic. large. by means of small l.U.oulltalns, Green, age of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 camera and lenses. by L. Warnerke . . . . . . . . . . 36 Mountalus of California coast. origin of . . . . 428 Negatives, paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Moullt Etna, eruption of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 189 Negatives, paper. by Capt.W. De W. Abney. 1 1 9 Mount Etna, present state of. and the Valle del Negatives, paper. how to make . . . . . . . 1 3 5 , 401

Sove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *306 Negatives, paper. process. by W. Brooks . . . . 284

--_._- - - - " - --- , - -_._. Neuralgia, how it should be treated. by Dr. J. I 011, castor. substitute for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

W . Hickman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 1�6 011, cod-l!ver. amou.nt of iodine .in . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Neuralgia, obstinate. excision of the mfenor

IOU' cOd-liver. substItute for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �26 �;:::�� .��.�� .��' . . �7. �.��' . . �: .�:�� O

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Neuralgia, remedy for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 I 011, cotton seed. manufacture of, its hi.tory and Neuralgia, treatment of with tonga . . . . . . . . 22'7 progretl8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Neuralgia, hYJ>Qdennic injections of carbolic 011, cotton seed, preparation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90

acid ia, by Dr: Merten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 011, cotton seed, purification of . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Nevada2 aluminum in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42'7 011 district of Bradford, Penn., by Chas. A. A sh-New Caledonia, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 98 New Guinea and the Admiralty Isles . . . . . . . * 16 OU, ethereal. of California bay-tree, by J . M . New Orleans, disposal of garbage at, by Rev. Stilhnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 5

H . M . ThomJ?Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 011 from the bottle-nosed whale, b y A . H . AIJen, New York CIty. the islands about . . . . . . . . . . . . �68 F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '7 1 New York State, watersheds of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 011, fusel. detection and estimation of . . . . . . . . 365 New Zealand and the United States. trade be- 011 gas, compressed. for lightin/l cars, steamboats, tween, by Consul G. W. Griffin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 ana buoys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 324

Niagara Rive!', its canon. its deptbs. and its 011 gas.\ retort for. Drescher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 3 1 0 wear by W . H . _llou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 011, innuence of in calming surface of sea . . . . 3 7 3

Niaudet, Alfred. electriclan, briefsketoh . . . . . 4 1 3 011, linseed. and electrified oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Nicotine in tobacco. estimation of . . . . . . . . . * 1 '74 011, linseed. for protecting iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Nickel, adulteration ot how to detect by the 011, linseed. how to assay . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12

magnet. by Prof. T. T. r. B. Warren . . . . , . . . . 353 Ull Jl!cll , imvrove«l: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 42 1 Nickel and cobalt. color relations of. by James on mill machmery. Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « 3'76

Bottomley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 011 of wood. by Mr. Guibourt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Nickel and cobalt. Fleitmann's process o f render- 011, olive. adulteration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

ing malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 011, olive\ adulteration in. how to test for, oy Nickel and cobalt. how to distinguish in a mixed Mlchael Conroy. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oj( 28'7

solution. by Dr. G. Papasogli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 011, olive, how clarified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 00 Nickel and cobalt. new method of separating. by • II, olive, how t o detect adulteration i n . . . . . . 3 19 A . Guyard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 011, olive, how t o detect cotton seed oil in . . . . . 2 4 3

Nickel and its alloys. determination of . . . . . . . 1 4 '7 011, olive methods of testing. by Dr. O. Bach.392 Nickel, determination of by electricity . . . . . . 92 011, paraffin. in pharmacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Nickel, electro depoe. of. by H. Fontaine . . . . 425 Ull of bitter ahnollds, volatile. by Prof. "' . I,. Nickel, electro deposition. Weston's process. 192 Dudley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Nickel, Garnler's process for rendering mallea- 011 ()f gillger. essential. by J. C . Thresch . . . . . . 308

ble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 011 of peppermint. Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36'7 Nickel, its uses and qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 011 of turpentine from pine cones. apparatus for Nickel metallurgy. prog. of. byW. P. Blake .. 396 distilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « 21 6 Nickel plated goods. causes of scaling in and 011 of turpentine. resin. and tar. process of makmg

remedies therefor. by L. Metzger . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 2 by Isidore Zacharias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Nickel plating on iron and steel without a bat- 011 o f wintergreen. how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

wry, mt'thod of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 "11 paintlncsl how to copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Nickel salts. TerreU's process for preparing . . 39 911 paintings. deterioration of. by R. Liebreich. Nickel, separation of from cobalt. by G. Vort- Description of. the structure of pain�in!!,s !tnd the

mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 methods of ditferent schools ; the mJunes. de-Nlckellzlng without ele<.-tricity. recipe for . 19 1 cays. and chemical changes t o which paintings Niger, discovery of the sources of by Zweifel and are liable. and the best methods of restoration.

Moustier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'74 with useful suggestions to artists how to paint Night-sweating, picrotoxin in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 durable pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49, 1 5 1 Niobrara "roup, by Chas. H ; Sternberg . . . . 293 011 preSSing machinery ; an account of methods Nitrate oC zinc pencils. how to make . . . . . . . 1 4 employed in crushing oil from seeds. with a deNitrogen, detennination of in hair. wool. dried scription of improved machinery for the pur-blOOd. fiesh meal. and leather scraps. by Dr. C. pose. lllustrawd with plans and sections of an Krauch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 oil mill in England. and t.he various apparatus

N1tr�gen2 hydrogen,.\tnd atmospheric air. lique- used tberein . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . : . . . * 293 factIOn or. by M. CllJJ1etet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 011 regions of the Umted States. life In. by Bo-

Nitrogen, lIquefaction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 86 verton hedwood. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 84 Nitrogen, new method of determining. bY' J. 011 sand, Bradford. by C. A. Ashburner . . . . 169

Kjelaahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Oil stones, howmanufact'd, byH. Y. Beach.* 19 Nitrogen, new method of producing. b y J . W . OU, 8ubstitute for. in preparing wool . . . . .. . . . . 9 1

Gatehouse . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '71 011 tank fires, from lightning. and suggestions Nitrogen, organic In liquids and solids. estima- tOl' their prevention. by Henry Morton . . . . . 330

tion of. by W. Bettel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *323 on wells, how sunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Nitrogen ; preptLration ; chemical and physical 011 wells, liow bored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88

properties ; distribution ; and compounds, by J Oils and oil wclls o f Burmah. a paper by Dr. James A. Pooley. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'79 M. Robertson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Nitrogen, solidificat'n of. by S. Wroblewski.424 811s, appa. for testingl.Ingram and Stapfer·s.* 68 Nitrogen thc supply of. by W. D. Philbrick. 1 86 Oils, cotton seed. co ZR. and rape. l'Ul'ifitatiun Nitric acid as a cause of spontaneous combus- with alkalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.

tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28'7 Oils, detection and determination of, by M. A Nitric aeid and its salts. by Dr. A. Geyger . . . 98 hemont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Nitric acid. reproduction of from the lower ox- Oils, essential. adulteration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36'7

ides of nitrogen. by Bernard C. Molloy ; new and Oils, essential. concentrated. patent . . . . . . . . . . 3'70 economic process of converting the lower oxides l OllS' essential. distillation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 292 into nitrio acid again in manufacturing enter.. 01111, essential1 mode of detecting alcohol in . . 95 �=: �� i�� .��. ��.

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Nitroglycerine, explosives containing. analysis Oils, essential processes of obtaining. . • . • . . . . 63 of. by }<'. Hess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 Oils, fatty. action of upon copper. by W. H. Wat-

Nitroglycerine, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 SOli, F.C.B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05 Nitrous acid during eva,Poration of water . . 296 Oils, fixed. methods of examining. by W. l< ox. Nitrous oxide disinfectIng apparatus . . . . *291 F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Nocturnal anllnals. An interesting paper by Oils for watches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05

James Muire. M.D .• LL.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 199 OUsLhydrocarbon. separation of from fat oils. by NODlodont, or curve of limitiug numbers . . 3'70 A. Ii.Allen. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30'7 N o�deoskjC?ld, Adolf Erik. biographical sketch. O!ls, lubr!cating. appa!Rtus to test. Bailey·s. * 160

WIth portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209, *409 OIls, lubnoating. frictIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Nordenskjold's expedition ' successful north- Oils, lubricating. new treatment of . . . . . . . . . . . '7 '7

east passa(!'e of the Vega. with portraits of Prof. OUs, mineral. apparatus for testing . . . . . . . . . . . * 12 . NordenskJold and Capt. Paland�r . *231, *232 Oils, m�neral. in the cleansi!,g of tissues . . . . . . 82 N ordenskjold's winter expenence ana obser- Oils, mIxed. method of testmg. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . '7 vations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OUs, or mixtures of. for lubricating. method of

North ADlerican continent. earlY' history of. analyzing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 AdQress by C. H. Hitchcock before the American Oils, petroleum ' character and properties 01 the Association, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 405 various distillates of crude petroleum . . . . . . . 28 8

North Carolina, undeveloped mineral re- Oils, processes for purifying with alkalies. by M. sources of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Blondeau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Northwest, the old ; historical and Industrial Oils, volatUe ... chemical examination of. A paper development of Ohio. Indiana. illinois. Michigan, by Prof. W. L. Dudley. giving in a compact form and W,sconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8 the properties and tests which are accepted by

NorwegiuDl, new metal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 chemists a�d pharma!,i!,ts a s the mo�t relia1!le Nose ape, the . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . : . . . *3'!9 f<?r the vanous impuntlCs contained In volatile Notes on cranbernes ; apples ; thmmng fnut : 0lIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :2 8'7

making grafting-wax ; profits of fruit growing ' OlntDlent, citrine. preparation of. by J . U. tar walks ; and blackberries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 26 Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

NUDlerals, origin of our. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 OlntDlents from vaseline. recipes for . . . . . . . 1 5 3 Nut and bOlt forging machine. Horsfall·s . . . . *94 Olearla gunolana (shl'l';b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « 342

Oleic aCid, pI'eparlltion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 OleoJector, Royle·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -II 2'78 o OleoDlargarlne, how made • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Olive culture . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Olives, culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Mounting Dlaterial, good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '72 Negatives, pellicular and gelatine plates . . . . 2'76 Moving large masses, by A. De Roehas . . . . *36'7 Negatives, prepara . • of from line drawinlfS. 123 Oak carvings, how to remove paint from . . 413 Mowers and reapers, a classification of, to assist Negatives, reproduction and multiplicatIOn of. Oak casket, carved. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . *232

purchasers and juries in making deciSIOns as to by Ernest Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Oak, pOison, of California.oy James G. Steele. 9.0. the respective merits of the ditferent machines in Negatives, reproduction of for single transfer Oak-stain for shoe-bottoms. recipe for . . . . . . 1 6'7 the market. by A. L. Kennedy, M.D . . . . . . . . * 184 carbon printing. by W. T. Wilkinson . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Oak staircase and 8creen . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . *1 '76

Muck, swamp�nature of and value in agriculture. Negatives, reproduction of without a transpar- Oak, the cork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 16'7 oy O r. J. R. .N ichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 ency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Oasisl a newJ.Abu-Naim. in the Sahara. discov-

Muck, the delusion concerning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Negatives, retouching. by F. E. Pearsall . . . . 103 ered by Dr. \:J:erhart Rohlfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1 Mulberry trees, how to oultivate as food for the Negatives, reversed. by contact printing . . . . 3 '73 Obelisk ; full account of the removal of Cleo-

silkworm. by Mrs. V. C. Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Negatives, transfer of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 patra's needle. Alexandria to New York . . . *26'7 Mule for cotton spinning, Lee's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *395 Negatives, transferring. reversing. and trans- Obelisk in Central Park. how it was suspended Mule spindle dUPlex

!, improved . . . . . . . . . . . *3'79 porting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 and placed in an 'P.'right position . . . . . . . . . *2, 68

��:i\��. :��.�' . . �� . . i�� .��.� . ��: . �� f�8 : :i::�;:::: ��l�y,\�g f��d iiXtiig: : : : : : : : : : : : : '. : Ag¥ gt:R:t�:a��gf: ��l.Ir:�::I�D::"". '' '' '' '' '' '. '1 g:

l.U.ulIeln, use of in the treatment of pulmonary Negatives ... wet plate of line engravings intensi- Obellsks, Egyptian and their relation to chro-consumption. by Dr. F. J. B. Quinlan . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 ficlttion ot . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 4 19 nology and art. by B. H. Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9

Multiplication simplified ; rules for quickly Neophonography, a practical system of short- Obelisks, Egyptian. An interesting article. on finding the products of any number of digits hand for every day use, by J. Richardson . . . . 3 1 6 the purposes. mode of construction. and erection multiplied by any other number without resort- Nerve and muscular reactions. electrical, a new of monoliths in general. and a history of Cleo-Inll to the usual lengthy method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22'7 meth. of producing. by W. J. Morton, M.D. * 302 patra's needle in particular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *223

MUIDIDIes and Egyptian antiquities from Nerve-stretching in sciatica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Obesity, exercise as a remedy for . . . . . . . . . . 409 'I·hebes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1 Nerve surgery, Hluck's studies in . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 3 Obesity, its nature and treatment. by J. J. Mul-

MUlDlDies, etc . • from Peru. Notes on a collec- Nerve vibration as a therapeutic agent. by J . heron, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 lection from the cemetery at the Bay of Chacota, Mortimer-Granville. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 ObeSity, how caused. how cured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 by John H. Blake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1, * 1 52 Nerves, animal, development of lIB studied in the Obesity, {llans for reducing : diet. exercise, spe-

MUDlDlY garlands. fiowers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'74 chick. by A. M. Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 crno medicines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22'7 lUuDlDlY head and Egyptian antiquities from Nerves, divided. reunion and restoration of. by Obesity, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Thebes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Dr. C . G. Wheelhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14'7 Objective, photop,phic, electrical . . . . . . . . *41 1 Muscle exercise. apparatus for. Zander·s . . *134 Nervous control, equilibrating value of. by Dr. Objective, Tolles 1-75. hs history. construction, Muscles, contraction of, microphone to st�<[29 N;r�o�:�sea8.;s; 'or�anic; treiitment of' bitJ. otj�eti"-:e�Yu::e! ��f.:,:,·siop. "new: ' bf 8: Muscular action, heat in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 '7 basic phosphate of SlIver. by Dr. A. McLane Stolze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *304 Muscular sarength, variation in. by F. E. NI- Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'7'7 Observatory, astronomical. Rochester . . . . *254 J::�U.m:, . . A· ii,·e·,;ioo

. . n . .. ·o· f

. . n . . a·t·u

. . ra . . l· h . . lS·

. . to . . r·y· .

..... .. .. 3'76

1 Nervous disease. morbid fear as a symptom of. Observatory, Royal, description of its appa-by G. M. Beard. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 ratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

MuseuDl, Bethnal Green. London . . . . . . . . . . . . 26'7 Nervous disease. the climate cure in. by W . F. Observatory, meteorological. New York . . *209 MuseuDl, Commercial. Brussels, by Consul John Hutchinson, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Ocean basins, physical ClfUse of. byO. Fisher323

Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Nervous exhaustion, byGeorgeM. Beard. M.D. Ocean bottoDl, interesting organisms found at MuseuDl, geological, Columbia College Sohool of A very valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 35 , 1 36 by the Challenger expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *35

Mines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Nervousness, its naturehand different degrees Ocean waters, Circulation of ; abstract of paper

MuseuDl, National. Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 and peculiarities under w ich it exists . . . . . . . 1 02 by Sir Wyville Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 MuseuDl, Peabody, the collections of . . . . . . . . 143 Nest-building, is it an instinct in birds ? By B Octopus" giant of the west �oast of America MuseuDl, ZoolOgIcal. at South Kensington, Lon- 'I'. Lowne, F.I,.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 moael or . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 don . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *228 N

weuhr"Cahlth

aenmaulscys

leISn'erv

Jaee i

gnedir.·csa;tesan

whopeatt

rahteionner

bvYe

Oeular estlDl.atlon ; experiments showing the MushrooDls. A valuable paper. giving full di- curious errors that every one is liable to make

rections for the cultivation of this esculent. either of smell smells and what the nerve of taste in mere ocular estimation of distance and posi on a small scale for family use. or on a large one tastes, with diagrams sbowinlI tae curves pro- tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24 for the market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 '78 duced by the inhalation of vanous odors . . *256 Ocular symptODlS in different diseases. by Dr

MUSMOODl.S, how reproduced. by W. G. Smith. Neuralgia, cure of by nerve stretching . . . . . 205 Goreckl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29'7 * 1 5 Neuralgia, ether spray for by Dr McColganan Odors and their recognition. b.y W. J. Slater. 364

Music, an inquiry into the laws of the beautiful . • • 35li Odors, strong. how to'remove from hands . . . . l05 in. by Prof. H. A. Clarke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'70 Neuralgia, facial, cure of. Account of an inter- 4Esophagus, stricture of. gastrotomy in. by Dr.

Music, apparat. for printinj!' by electricit:\". *265 esting dental operation-resection of the in- W. -Thomson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14'7 Music, medical uses of. by !.Jr. George L. BeardR- ferior dental nerve-performed by Dr. J. E. Gar- on, anthracen. treatm·t of. byA. McD. Graham. 1 8

ley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'76 retson for the cure of facial neurhlgia . . - . , . * 16'7 on, apparatus for cleansing. Koellner·s . . . . . *25 8 Music printing plates. method of preuaring . . 89 Neuralgia, facial. extirpation of superior maxil- 011 belt, Santa Clara COii. California . . . . . . . . . . 205 Busic registering apparatus. RoncallI·s . . . . *2'74 lary nerve and Meckel's ganglion for by Dr G 011. Canangu. or Iiang- ang, by F. A. Flucki-

ODlnl bus, a new design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 68 Onions, culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Onloos, how to grow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Onyx Dlarbles of Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Onychia Dlallgna, cure for . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Opal glass, photography applied to . . . . . . . . . . 401 Opal printing, emulsion for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36'7 Opals and argentic paper. enlargements on . . 4 1 5 Opera glass, pocket, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 365 Opera House, Holyoke. Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9 Opera Bouse. new, Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;, 94 Opera Housc. N ational, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .; ; 61 0P08SUDl, by Howard Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'7 OphthalDlia, infantile. how to prevent . . . . . 1 96 OphthalDloDleter, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -!( 383 OphthalDloscope, how used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 130 Ophthabooscope, Its structure and use . . . « 32 OpiUDl, determination of morphine in . . . . . . . 99 OpluDl",analysis of. rapid process . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 OpiUDl aablt, nature and treatment of. by Dr. E.

Mann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 OpIUDl" preparation of for smoking . . . . . . . . . . 252 Optical Illusion, experiment showing . . . . * 2 8 5 Optics. By F. A. Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 210 Orang-outang, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « 260 Orang-outangs at the Garden of AcclimitIZR-

tion m Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *205 Orange culture in Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22'7 o��.e .�� .��.�� .��.�

i�.��: �.�r:st'�l)

Oranges and orange fiowers. by W. B. Bush . 1 83 Orchid, Galeandra nivalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �; 336 Orchid, moth. thc greater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Orchids and howling monkeys.-Whale skeletons

at the Paris Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 32'7 Ordnance, heavy. construction of . . . . . . . . . . . l '72 Ordnance, modern. by Colonel Maitland . . . . 324 Ore concentrating mills at O'Neil mines. Kan-

sas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *39 .. Ore concentrator, or vanning mach .• Frue·s. * 104 Ore deposits of Leadville. Col.. by Carl Henrich.

E.M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6'7 Ore deposits, origin and classification of. by Dr. J.

S. Newberry . .A very valuable paper . . . . . . . 223 Ore extraction, Monnier process of . . . . . . . . *49 Ore Cornaee. Eames· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 Ore j lll'l'er, Hancock·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *I'7 Ore reduction, the Monnier process of. at the

Providence mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 84 Ore separator, Buttgenbach·s . . . . . . . . . . . . * 38 1 Ore staDlps, californian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 95 Ore stamps, pneumatic. SCholl ·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6'7 Ore stamping machines. relative efficiency of dif.

ferent kmds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 9� Ore-washing machine of the Curzon (France)

iron works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4,0 Music teacher, magnetio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'73 R. Fowler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . '92 gar . . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 8 8 --------------------------------�----------------��-------------------------------------------------

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE P .AGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WrrH EN GRAVIN GS. PBICB to CBNXS B4CH NU1ICBBB. , 1ICUNN ot 00., 86 1 PBOAD WA Y, NBW rOBI. - IN OBDBBING P £EASB GIrE THE NVMBEBS.


A OATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS OONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMEN1'. 879

Ore-washers, Taylor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 1 Palacel!l, ancient, of Uxmal, Mexico . . . . . . . . *316 Pavement. mosaic1 Siena Cathedral . . . . . . . *294 Phonograph, how to make ; full instructions, Orel!l and minerals of the United States repre- Palacel!l, sacerdotal, of Mictlan, Mexico . . . *2'70 Pavements, asphalt, in Washington . . . . . . . . 334 with eight working drawings, half size ; construc-sented in the Smithsonian collection . . . . . . . . . 46 Paireontology, Ampric. and Yale College . . 2 12 Pavements, foot-walk, the best, by E. Buck- tion easy and inexpensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 133

Ore_, gold and silver, dry process o f working, Palwntologlcal discovery, history and meth- ham, U.K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Phonograph, speaking. Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 Paul's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 ods of, by .t'rof. U. U. Marsh. A valuable and Pavements, street. by Gen. Q. A. Gillmore . 1 5 Phonography, Neo, a practical shorthand for Orelde, new substitute for gold, composit'n . . . 1 9 interesting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 93, 194 Pavements, street, comparative efficiency and • everyday use, by J. Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 6

Organ, fiame, or pyrophone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 5 '7 Paireontology, modern, present condition and cost of various kinds in use, by F. Shanly. . . 3 3 Phonoscopc and the phoneidoscope for showing organl great, Temple Church, London . . . . . . . 3'70 the future task of, by Carl Vogt . . . . . . . 249, 260 Pavilion, cricket; design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29'7 the action of sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 '7 Organ c compounds artificial, syntheses of, by Palazzo Vendramin-Calergi, Venice . . . . . • . *381 Pavilion, Judges , at the Centennial Exhibiti

*on

8. Phosphate manure." by K. Walter . . . . . . . . . 322

J. M. Stillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Palate, cleft, congenital. hard rubber appliance Phosphate mines or South Carolina . . . . . . . . 322 Organic Corms, artificial production of . . . . 3 '7 4 for, by Thomas Brian U-unning, M.D . . . . . . * 144 PavillonLWomen's, at the Centennial. . . . . . . * 8 Phosphates, Charleston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 1 8 6 Organic substances, preservative for,Wickers- Palenque, Mexico, ruins at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *205 Peabody luuseum, Yale Collej!"e, New Haven, Phosphatcs, mineral, as fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . 1 28

heimer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 Palenque tablet, Raus', by O. T. Mason . . . . 230 Conn.; description of the buildmg and some of Phosphatcs, source, manufacture, and effici-Organisms and minerals, distinction betw .. 345 Palisades, geology of, by A. E. Hoppock . . . 3 1 6 the objects of interest that it contains . . . . . . . *88 ency of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Organisms, living, ultimate structure of, by Dr. Palmetto, medical use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Peach, culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 , 340 Phosphates, value of for the grain field . . . . '7 6

Carl Seiler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Palliser, I:>ir W. Brief account of his life and of Peach-borer, mulching for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Phosphor-bronze and its applications. . . . . '79 Organisms, minute, relations of to certain spe- his labors in improving guns, projectiles and Peach trees, how to prune properly, by Prof. 1:>. Phosphor-bronze, propertIes of and value for

cilic Liiseases, by Prof. Klebs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 armor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 '1'. Maynard .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 certain purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . 48 Organs, hydraulic, ancient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *364 Panama canal, scenery along . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 8 Peach trees, treatment of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Phosphorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 86 Ornament for ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 89 Panax victorilll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 5 Peaches, notes o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 PhosphoreOiceuce, marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 O�:r:��':'".�� .�� .��. ��: �� 8 P�':'"2��.�� . �. ��. ��i

.� .�i.��l

.' . ��. �26� :::::::::l :�: ;�u��l�g�i iITitit"tfon: : : : : *3n P!t��.��l.� ��.�� .�� .�� o�f�� Ornament, what it is. what. it means, and what Panel, cast iron, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *340 Pearl, how to inlay on iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Pltosphorescent powder, recipe for . . . . . 226

makes it >!,ood or bad, by H. H. Statham . . . . . 426 Panel from communion table, design for . . *2'72 Pearl, inlaying of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 '7 Phosphorescent substances, how to preP3alre8. Orn�mental detailS, by Prof. A. Brausewetter. Panel ornaments, carved . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . *249 PearlH, artificial, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

ReIchenberg . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " *339 Panel ornaments, carved, by F. Klefhaber . . * 3 6 Pears and apples, how they bear fruit • . . . . . *419 Phosphorescent tablet as a standard light, by Ornamental details in relief, by Prof. A. Brause- Panel ornaments, carved, from Gothic stalls, Pears, valuable suggestions in regard to ripening A. Spiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'74

wetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . *302 'l'arnow Cathedral, Galicial 15th century . . . *60 and marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14'7 Phosphoric acid, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . 268 Ornamental emblems in cast iron . . . . . . . *2'7 '7 Panel ornaments, designs ror . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 , * 82 Peat as a gas making material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 19 Phosphoric acid, notes on the determination of, Ornaments, ouilding. in cement, preparat'n. 44 Panel in construction, by R. Grimshaw . . . . . . 126 Peat .. harcoal, manufact. of. works for . * 1 3'7 by Carl Mohr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Ornaments, carved. from the Waldemir fount- Panels in walnut, carved, designs for . . . . . . *323 Pea-weevll, larval state of, notes on, by T. H . Phosphorus, by Dr. Anton von Schriltter . . . l 04

ain, ltatisbon .-Panel ornaments, 17th century. Panemone, a new wind motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . *403 Hart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *364 Phosphorus, mode of manufacture and pro-*43 Pantheon o.lt Rome, Raphael's tomb in . . . . * 3 8 6 Pegging-jack for shoemaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 '7

pPheo�

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. 'n' e' 'u't'ra' ' l' I:z'a' t' I'o"n' . o· 'f'

. ·I··n· . 's't,'e'e-' a

6n6d Ornaments, etched on arms and utensils . . *3 6 1 Pantograph, Fenby's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *242 Pegging machines for shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 '7 � � II Ornaments for decorative painting . . . . . . . *202 Pantograph, new, by C. W. MacCord . . . . . *424 Peirce, Prof. Benj. Biographical sketch . . . . 261 steel-like metals, by R. Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Ornaments for panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 1 , *82 Panzerkanone ... or masked gun, Krupp's . . * 69 Pen, electric, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *414 Phosphorus, properties, modifications, combi-OrnalUents for the mantel and the wall, now to Paper dnd ink, fireproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 8 Pen, electric, or horograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 3 nations� and aistr.ibution of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

make, by G. M. Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 Paper and wood, how to crystallize . . . . . . . . . 34 Pen, electric, a simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . *166 Photo-oath, qUIck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Ornaments from Salisbury Cathedral . . . . . * 1·91 Paper bags, method of manufacture . . . . . * 191 Pen, rmeumatic, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 Photo-block. printing, improvements in . . *423 Ornaments in etching for an iron casket . . *321 Paper oags, waterproof, how to make. . . . . . . 25 Pencil, adding, Leuner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '70 Photo-burnishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 Ortboclase, o r COmmon feldspar, nature, varie- Paper, blotting} how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 Pencil. adding, Smith and Potts' . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Photo-copying, by Jobn Nicol, Ph.D . . . . . . 4

ties, and uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '72 Paper canes, now to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363 PenCil, lead, manufacture, history of . . . . . . . . 1 5 '7 Photo-cement, 8traub's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 Osmogene, Selwig and Lange's, for clarifyin'l" Paper, collodIO-chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 , 4 1 4 Pencils, colored, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Photochromo pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34'7 Paper, color designs on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 Pencils o f silver nitrate, how to make . . . . . . . 8 1 Photocollotype pl·ocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '74 Ostrich Ceathers, bleaching of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Paper, copying, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 Pendulum, electric, motor, Higgs' . . . . . . . . . . *68 Photo-developing dish, Williams' . . . . . , *341 Ostrich featl;Iers. dyeing, by Paul Alex . . . . . 26iJ Paper cutter, Brown and Carver's . . . . . . . . . . *34 Pendulum, horizontal. Zollner's . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 12 Photo-electric apparatus for medical st

*n4dOie6s.

Ostrich parks of Algiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Paper, electric, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'74 Pendulum, improved, Redier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * '73 Ostriches and ostrich farming, by M . A . Mathew. Paper, expansion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Pendulum, regulator, electric. Tahier's . . . * 1 6 3 Photo-electro meta1lurgy, by W. Watts . . 220

66 Paper, fiy, RtiCky, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 9 Penn, John the eminent mechanical engineer. Photo-engravIng, by David Bachrach, Jr. 1 3 8 Ostriches, shipping of from Cape Town to Aus- Paper for bank bIlls and bonds, how made . . . 290 biOgraphicai sketch, with portrait . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 1 Photo-engraving, by J. Waterhouse . . . . . . 1 5 8

tralid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 Pa l.er, fUmi!!"ating, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59 Penn. William. gra,ve of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *302 Photo-engraving, Dawson's method . . . . . . 3 6 6 Otter. sea, habits o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *395 Paper, gelatme, aniline fuming for . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Pennsylvania Steel Co., description of the Photo-engraving, electric, by J. Waterhouls4

e3.

Oven, baker's, gas-heated, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Paper, history of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'74 works of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Oven, coking. Aitken's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 Paper, how to coat with gelatino-chloride or Pens, steel, howmade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Photo-engraving, grain in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Oven, portable, Macalpin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *248 bromIde, by T . G . Whaite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 Pepper, Cayenne, microscopic study 'of, by '1'. Photo-engraving, Gillot's method . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 Ovens. glass-melting, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 Paper, how to coat with photographic prepara- Greenish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *26 8 Photo-engraving, improved, Michaud's. 1 8 4 Ovens (or bread, Lamoureux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'71 tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 9 PepperlUlnt, Japanese, by E . M. Holmes . . . 3 8 8 Photo-engraving in half-tones . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1 Overstral� in !ron and other metals, new Paper. how to dye with aniline colors . . . . . . . . 89 Pepsin, how to prepare, by Dr. J . Adolphus . 161 Photo-engraving, new method, Garnier's.3 12

met,hoJ o f detectmg� by R. H. Thurston . . . * 1 3 8 Paper, how to marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 ppeerrcchhiocrlilmcb

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Photo-engraving on zinc or copper, by Leon Owl-critic, t.he, by .J . T . Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 86 Paper, how to waterproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 I, Vidal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Oxalic acid in fungi, by W. M. Hamlet . . . . . . 92 Paper, how .waterproofed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 316 Photo-engraving process for surface print-Oxen, tlereford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 Paper, luminous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Percolating and filtering stand, new, by Joseph ing. by H. Knight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 '7 Oxygen and hydrogen, liquefaction of. by Raoul Paper-lURking, improvements in . . . . . . . . . . 28 '7 P. Remington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09 Photo-enlarging. new departures in . . . . . . 4 08 Pilloot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Paper making in Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 PerC orating and folding machinery, Lawrence's. Photo-enlar�ements on canvas . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Oxygen, . apl?arat� for. produc��on of from at- Paper negatives (see .Negatives). * 1 32 Photo-exhibits of the South London Photo-

musphe,·IC aIr by dialYSIS, Margi S . . . . . . . . . . *36'7 Paper, photo, how to silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PerC"me pomades, how prepared . . . . . . . . *288 graphic I:>ociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 Oxygen, electrified, and linseed oil . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 1 Paper, photographic, sensitized, treatment . . 369 Perfumery, by W . A . Saunders. A valuable and Photograph enlargements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149 Oxygen. free, in water. method of determining, Paper, photo-lithographic, by J . Husnic. . . . . 83 practical pappr upon the preparation of perfume Photograph, instantaneous, by E . Boivin . . 1 3 8

by J . Koenig and C. Krauch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *258 Paper pulp, black, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 extracts, WIth fonnuloo for the preparation of Photograph, ten feet long, and how albumen-Oxygen from bleaching powder, apparatus for Paper pulp, ooiler and process, Roeckner's .. *44 the most prominent and popular perfumes now ized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

mdKmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 14 Paper pulp machine. Lebrousse's . . . . . . . . . . . *1 '70 on the market, directions for the preparation and Photographers, physiological hints to . . . . . 128 Oxygen in the air, deficiency, insensibility fro� Paper, ready-sensitized, treatment of . . . . . . . . 369 compounding of the ingredients. etc . . . . . . . . . 65 Photographic action, spectroscopic study of.

by Dr: W. Wallace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 .. Paper, rice, Chinese, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 PerCumery for the handkerchief, a large number 391 Oxygen in ebullition, temperature obtained by, Paper-ruling machines, Hickok's . . . . . . ' " *396 of choice recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 281 Photographic-camera lenses, improvement

by S. Wroblewski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Paper. test, for ammonia. new and delicate . 326 PerCnmery. fiowers used in. An interesting in. Steinheil's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4'7 Oxygen in steels, by S . Kern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Paper. test, use of in disease, by Dr. W. H. Bent- paper by W. A. Wrenn, to which is appended Photographic establishment of Wm. Eng-Oxygen ill the sun, Prof. Draper's account of the ley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 numerous formulre for making choice perfumes land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *230

didcovery of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Paper, thallium, as an ozonometer . . . . . . . . . . . 2'76 for t.he handkerchief· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Photographic field-glass, new . . . . . . . . . *332 Oxygen light, production of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Paper trade, technology of, by William Arnot. PerCumery" a choice collection of formuloo for, PhotographiC films, how to strip from glass. Oxygen, lines of, identity with solar linesl by An interesting treatise, giving full and practical by Alex. B. Levi, Ph.G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 268

Prof. lIenry Draper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 particulars regarding every department of paper PerCumes and essential oils, by Laurent Naudin. Photographic gun� Marey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336 Oxygen, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 making, and describing the most reccnt and best describing a new mode of extracting essences and Photographic Hall at the Centennial . . . . * 1 0 Oxygen, manufacture of from atmospheric air. processes and machines in use . . 1 09..! 1 1 0" 1 1 6" perfumes by volatile solvents with the aid of a Photographic Image, latent, substances that

Brl ll process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *300 1 1 7, 1 1 � . 12:s vacuum and cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 have the power of developmg, by M. C . Lea.239 Oxygen, presence of in metallic silver, by Mr. Paper, wall, arsenical, and artificial t1owers, dan- Pernettyas.-Lilies and their culture . . . . . . *3 '73 PhotographiC image, what It I s., by Dr. T. H.

Dumas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 gers from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'72 ) erpetual motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Morton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 8 Oxygeu, retort �or, Cha<1-'Yick's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'7'7 Paper. wall, ornam�ntal, !1�Sign.s for . . . .. . . *3 1 0 Perpetual motion, Ga¥Igee's . : . . . . . " . . . . . . . *2� 1 Photographic lens, �ew, Voi�l�nder's . * 1 .1 6 Oxygen, t!Ie actIve condItIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Paper, water-mark m, or� of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 1 Perry, . Prof. John, bIOgraphICal sketch, WIth Photograp�lc nO.tes � Jntcnslfy�g ; copymg Oxygen, l Iquid, n.ensity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Papers. ornamental, machines for the produc- portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336 photos a t mght ; SIde-lights ; blottmg-paper ; a Oxyhydrogen I�ght,. experiments on . . . . . . . . 6 tioa of. Tulpin's . . . . . , . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 1 Persia, life in . . . . . : . . . . . . . : . . . : . . . . . . . . . , . . : . . . 1 8 4 good df;lveloper ; phot!l-burnishing ; photo-trans-Oxyhydrogen lIghtJ ZIrconia for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 P�pler �ache, applIcation of to the bottoms of .P�rspectlve and itS applicatIO� t!l artIstI,! dra.w- parenCIes ; good muCilage . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . �1 Oyster, the enemY OI the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Iron ShIps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Ing. Afaper by J. R. Allen, gIvmg by aId of a I Photographic notes : Mr. Warnerke s new dis-Oyster eggs, artificial fertilization of . . . . . . . . . 2 10 Papin, Denis. Biographical sketch, with engrav- series 0 models an explanation of the funda- covery; method for converting negatives directly Oysters, drtificial propagation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 ing of the bronze statue recently erected to him mental laws of perspective, and inquiring how into positives ; experiments on the sensitiveness Oyster .. , rearing of from artificially fertilized at Blois, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *264 far they are applicable to artistic drawing. *403 of coal oil ; bitumen plates ; method for topo-

eggs,1;6gether with notes on pond-culture, etc., Papyrograph. the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Perspective in one lesson! by H. F. Liebbe. A graphic engravings,; succinate of iron develope'1 by John A. Ryder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Papyroxyline, fonnulas for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 valuable paper. giving a c ear exposition of the method of making rriable hydro-cellulose . . . 286

Oysters, sew:age ip., by Dr. C. �: Cameron . . . . 3.00 Papyri, l!lgyptian, discovery of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 principles of perspective, with a full page of Ph�tographlc preparations, coating paper Ozokerlte, Its.ongin, compOSItIOn, and techmcal Paramn, amorphous . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . 3 '79 figures to il�ustrate �he r�les . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :*64 wIth . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

uses. by O r . LIst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . 36 Paraftln 011, heavy, m pharmacy, by Charles Peru, American engineering m, by W. H. CIll<,y. Photographic printing process, PortugUl se. Ozokerlte, or earth-wax, deposltsm Europe and Syme •• Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 1 36 1 38

America, by W. L. Lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 401 Paramn spUnts, by W. MacEwen, M.D . . . . 1 46 Peru, wonderful railways of, by Dr. Heath. 1 66" PhotographiC printing, roller frame for . * 3 59 Ozonator ... new, Leeds' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '7 1 Paramn, metnod of manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 1 66 Photographic prints, how to render trans-Ozone and the atmosphere, by Albert R. Leeds. Parallel cnrves, by Prof. C. MacCord . . . . *420 Peruvian antiquities, by Dr. E. R. Heath. A parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29'7

A valuable and important paper . . . . . . . . . . . * 164 Parallel rod. standard, for locomotives . . . *296 valuable and comprehensive paper containing Photographic prints. a new process for . . . . 21 or Ozone, liquefaction of, and on its color in the Paralysis and convulsions as effects of organic many facts not hitherto known . . . . . . . . 1 6 8 . 1 59 Photographic residues, liow to collect and

gaseous state, by P. Hautefeuille and J . Chap- disease of the brain, by C. E. Brown-Sequard, Petrolatum in officinal ointments . . . . . . . . . . . 409 work up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « 3'7'7 puis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 66 M.D. A series of eight celebrated lectures de- Petroleu�! amount of remaining in Pennsyl- Photographic _astes. reduction of . . . . . . 346

Ozone, lines of discovery in the history of. A livered at the Bellevue Hospital Medical Coilege, vania and .New York, by H. E. Wrigley . . . . *341 Photo�llthographlc pro cess, Butter's. :. 22'7 valuable paper, by Albert R. Leeds, Ph.D . . . 222 101 , 102, 103t 104, 109, 1 12. 1 1 9, 121 Petroleum and coal blast furnace, Caldwell. *8 Photogr� phlng by gaslight, by J. Urie . . . . 22 2

Ozone. liquefaction of, and its color i n the gase- Paralysis, cure of oy nerve stretching. . . . . . 68 Petroleum and its examination ; a new mode of Photographing colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 6 OUR state, by Hautefeuille and Chappuis . . . . . 2 '7 1 Paralysis, saturnine, elimination of lead in. 8 1 analysis of petroleum and its products, by A. Phot . . graphlng interiors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Ozone, transformation of into oxygen by heat, Paranthracene. a new organio substance sensi- Bourgougnon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *204 Photoll:raphiltg machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'73 by Ira Remsen .: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 tive to light .: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '7 5 Petroleum and its proaucts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . 3 86 Ph�tograp�tng on a scale o f nature, optical re-

Oz�n,e, productIOn of by heatmg substances con- Paris, cleansmg of, by �r. Y.aISSIere . . . . . . . . . 64 Petroleum as fuel . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 1 qUIremems for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 19 tammg oxygen, by Dr. A. R . Leeds . . . . . . . . . . 2 '72 Paris Exhibition, curIOSItIeS of. . . . . . . . . . 1 45 Petroleum benzin m pharmacy, by L.Wolff .. 6 8 Photographing on wood, by J. T. Taylor . . 428

Ozonizer. electrical, Leeds' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *203 Paris Exhibition prIzes, 1878. Full ofticial list of Petroleum. conveyance of by pipe lines. Loca- Photographing sounds, the possibility of . . 39 Ozonometer, thallium paper as . . . . . . . . . . 2'75 the. awards. iI?- the American department, enume- tions of the lines and total mileage o f pipe em- Pbotographs, antimony, how made . . . . . . . . 22

ratmg exhIbIts and names and addresses of ex- ployed . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Photograpbs, beetroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 P hibitors, with kind of prize awarded . . . 1 49, 1 60 Petroleum, chronology of. Interesting facts re- Photngraphs, enameling or glazing. . . . . . . . 4'7 Paris green as an insecticide, how to use . . . . 400 garding the parlyhistory of the petroleum indus- Photographs, encaustic, on porcelain, glass,

Paella, decapitated, how constructed . . . . . . *3'76 Paris green, how to apply to plants . . . . . . . . . 1 44 try and its present status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 etc., new process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 P,lcklng, metallic, Jackson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 5 Park, Yellowstune Nat., attractions . . . 230, 40'7 Petroleum, crude, in consumption . . . . . . . . . . 242 Photographs for studying movements of ani-PacAitlg, piston, Giffard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 Parkesine, x.llonite or celluloid . . " . . . . . . . . . . 22'7 Petroleum, deodorizing, Johnson's method. 39 mals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Packing, rubber. how to render tight . . . . . . . 339 Parl!ament uu�l�in!1!:' Be;rlin, df;lsign for . *55 Petroleum, how to examine, by F. Sklliweit. Pho�og;raph.s, glass, preparation of for colors, Paddles • .icrews versus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 ParlIament bUIlding, J:lerlin, deSigns for.*368 *283 by G . U . LewIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Pain, obtunding of by rapid breathing . . . . . . . 2'76 Parrot, a sheep-eating . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Petroleum, illuminating gas from, manufacture Photographs, how to color and preserve, by J. Paint, anti-corrosion, for iron, recipe . . . . . . . . 4 1 6 Parrot, New Zealand.-Bat, fntit, collared.- of, by '1'. S. C. Lowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 A. Schultz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Paint, bli.3tering of, causes of and remedies. 38 '7 Potto, Van Bosman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . * 199 Petroleum in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Photographs, how to glaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4'7 Paint from a sanitary point of view, by Dr. H. Parsonage. design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *389 Petroleum in the Old World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Photographs, how to impart an artistic .ftnish

C. Bartlett. A paper pointing out the dangers Pa .. senger cars of Mt. Vesuvius Railway.*236 Petroleum locomotives, Urquhart's . . . . . * 63 to, by .l!l. Dunmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 arising from inhalation of the poisonous parti- Passengers, ejectment of from cars, deCIsion on. Petroleum oils" interesting facts about . . . . 288 Photographs, how to mount, by W. B. Wood-ticles given off by white lead in dwellings . . . 1 54 1 8 6 Petroleum prOdUcts, apparat's for sepal'ating, bury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Paiut, how to renew without burning . . . . . . . 392 PasHengers, rights of at stations . . . . . . ' " . . . 262 Cole's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 1 Photographs in colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 Paint i n construction, by Robert Grimshaw. A Passiftora, Professor Eichler.-Spathiphyllum Petrolenm, statistics of i n the U . S., b y Dr. C. F . Photographs i n colors, by Dr. H . Voge!. . • . . 109

valuable technical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 hybridum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38'7 Chandler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 Photographs, insects destructive to . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Paint, luminous, Balmain's, by C . W. Heaton, Passlonftowers and their culture . . . . . . . . . . 406 Petroleum tester. Skalweit's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 Photographs, instantaneous, Muybridge's ap-

F.tJ.I:> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Paste for scrap-books. recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 59 Petroleum we1ls, how bored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8·8 paratus for taking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 334 Patnt, luminous, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Pastel Sieburger's recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Petroleum wells. how sunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Pbotographs, instantaneous, Muybridge's. 3 1 '7 Paint, old, how to remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Pastpooard, drying apparatus for . . . . . . . . *314 Petroleum wells, steam in, by W. L. Hardison. Photographs, largest in the world . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 Paint, photographic, for machinery . . . . . . . . . 366 Pasteboard, how to waterproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26'7 *9 Photographs. magic, developed by tobacco Paint, removal of from oak carvings . . . . . . . . 4 1 3 Pasteu.r, Louis, brief biographical sketch o�, with Pharaoh's sl'rpents, how made . . . . . . . . . . *269 smoke, how made . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . :*3�9 Palntl roofing, recipe .for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336 Phwnacodus primwvus (fossil) . . . . . . . . . . *389 Photographs of ammals in motIOn,MuybrIdge s. Paint ng, atmosphere and space in, by G . A. Pastures, improving} hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Pharmacology and therapeutics. Notcs on the . . . 3 1 '7 Pl:>a·tlon

r�yU" .. ';',· 'c'a' r' rI' 'a' 'g'e' ,' 'b'y' ·w· • H'.' S· 'te' 'w' ·a·rt· · .· .· ·. · . . · * . .

310904 PaHtnres. worn out, now to treat . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 therapeutic action of valdivine cedrine, spar- Photograph_ of mICroscopIC obJects, how to

.1 , Patent law, Gennan, new, text of . . . . . . . . . . 80 teine, tayuya bergenin, hyoscin. hellebore. 3 1 8 take, by Dr. Carl Seiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *212 Painting, carriage ; Iiow can the present method Patent laws, the policy of. An able paper by F . Pharmaceutical education better, by Rich- Photographs on wood for engraving, by E . Po-

be improved, by W. H. Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 H. Betts, read before the Social Science Associa- ard V. Mattison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 cock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Palnt!ng, �ecorative, ornaments for . . . . . . *202 tion a t Saratoga in 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19'7 Pharmaceutieal laboratory, small, equip- Photographs. relief printing blocks from. 429 PaintIng, fresco, deSIgns for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 02 Patent Omce fire, subSequent repair of the mcnt and working, by G. F. Scliacht . . . . . . . . *99 Photographs upon enamel and porcelain, how Painting, locomotive, by J. S. Atwater . . . . . 3 58 burned models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 36 Pheasant, ocellated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *360 to take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 PaInting, oil, photo-lItho, or chromotype. . . 66 Patent Omce, reorganization of, speech of Hon. Phenaklsticope, Plateau's . . . . . . . . . . ':, ' . . . *25 3 Photography, aerial . . . . . '. ' . . . . . . '. ' . . . . . . . . . . 1 03 Painting on china, methods and rules of. A val- O. H. Platt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Pbenaklstlcope, projecting, Moltem s . . . *3 54 Photography and the mdustrles, by H. W.

uable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 Patents, State laws concerning the sale of, deci- Phenetol and its derivatives , by Prof. E. J. Hal- Vogel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24'7 Paillting on glass, directions for painting upon sions of the U. S . Courts in regard to . . . . . . . 26 lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Photography applied to terra cotta and opal

ground glass for window ornaments, etc., and Pathological anatomy, the role of. by Prof. Phenic acid for sna.ke bite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 '7 Il\ass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401 ujon transparent �lass for lantern slides . . . . 2 19 J . Cohnheim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 � , 203 Ph�lIpplum. a . new metal, by Marc De\afon- Photography, asphalt f<;>r, experim. with . . 243

Pa nting on porce ain, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Pattel'.D designs, method of transferrmg to tame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 Photography, astrononucal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 36 Paluting on wood, general hints . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 copper plates or rollers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Philosophy, mythologic, by J. W. Powell. Photography by lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 Painting" and writings, faded, new method of Patterns for carpets, veteran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *331 193 . 194 Photography by the electric light, by H. Van

restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Pattern. for door panels of iron stoves, design Phrenicla, archreological discoveries in . . . . . 2 16 del' Weyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Paintings, �il, old, how � cle!ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 P�oneldoscoplc experiments, new ; produc- Photography, ceram!c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Pa.?-nin",l!I, oil, the deteriOratIOn of, hy Dr. R. Patterns for fabriCS from Munich Museum. bon of iridescent figures of vowel sounds . . *219 Photography. detectIve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

LiebreICh . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49, 1 5 1 *34'7 Phoneldoscope, howto construct.* 1 3'7,*146 Photography, drawmg room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Paints, colored, from thallium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20 Patterns, propeller, new method of making. Phonodynamogra,Ph. applications of the Photography, enamel . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Paintl!l without poison. by E. Tnrpin . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 *92 principle of, by Wilham B. Cooper . . . . . . . . . *350 Photography in and out of the studio.-Measur-Palace oC Fine Arts. Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'7'7 Pattern-raisin I[ machine for wool cloth .. *20'7 Phonograph. a lecture on, by Prof. J. W. S. Ing the force of explosivcs bX photography. 88 Palace oC Justlce, new, Brussels . . . . . . . . . . *123 1 Pavement-rammer, steam ... ;!,ohnson's . . . . *21 Arnold: An interesting paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 9 Photography in colors. by K. -Versnaeyen. l '76 Palace in which Peter the Great was bOrIl, modAl I Pavement, road • . ne�, by M . 1\. . Couzens. . . . 38 Phonograph and its future, by Thomas A . Edi- Photogr�phy in coll?rs ; instantaneous pic-

.of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 142 Pavement, mosaIC, m Cork Cathedral . . . . . * 224 son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24 tures ; hmts to ferrotyplsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS, PBICE :1.8 CENXS PEB NUMBER. MUNN t!f; CO., 86:1. BROAD WAY, NEW YORK. - IN ORDEBING PLEASE GIYE THE NUMBERS.


380 A CATAI�OGU E OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Photography in lace factories.-Dry plates, sub- Physics, atomic, a problem in, by Prof. J. Tyn- I Plantain as a styptic, by J. W. Colcord . . . . . . 4 1 5 1 Poisons, our domestiC, by Henry �arr, C.E.. A stitute for glass in.-Negatives, opaque, how to dall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Planting for profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8 paper calling attention to certain poisonous ma-weaken.-Photo hints : Caution in washing Physics, influence of mathematics in the pro- Plants, absorption of selenium by, by Dr. C. A. terials that are heedlessly introduced into or prints ; stoppers for varnish bottles ; production gress of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Cameron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 intentionally used in our fabrics . . . . . 2 19, 220 of special bnst pictures ; net-like cracking of the Physics, molecular, in high vacua, by William Plants, absorption of water by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 76 I PoillOns, the division of, by W. E. Bibby . . . . 1 9 film ; retouching powder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 Crookes, F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 89 Plants and animals, protective mimicry i n . . 254 1 Polar regions, geology of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29

Photo�raphy in medicine. by A. Londe . . 7(-407 Phys!cs, sol.ar, Sir W. Siemens on . . . . : . . . . . . 394 Plants and an,Imals, varying susceptibility of to Polarillleter, new, �aurent's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3.74 Photography in natural colors, Albert's pro- PhYSICS wIthout apparatus. An mterestmg pOIsons and dIseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Polariscope as applIed to sugar manufacturmg

cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 , 1 5 6 series of illustrated articles, showing how to Plants, chemical action of, by A . Vogel . . . . . 1 6 and brewing, by J. Steiner. A lucid exposition Photography in natural colors, byH. Vogel. 1 09 perform numerous instructive experiments, in Plants, chemistry of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 5 of the principles which underlie the construction Photography in natural colors, by O. Von Kra- every department of physics,'by means of com- Plants, climbing, movements and habits of, by of the polariscope, and an explanation of the

mer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6 mon articles found i n every household, n o other Ellen Lubbock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 laws which permit its application for the deter-Photography, instantaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3, 93 apparatus being required. By following the di- Plants, diseases in, caused by bacteria, by Prof. T. mination of different sugars . . . . . . . *201 , *202 Photography, instantaneous, apparatus for, rections given, any person may go through an J. Burrill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *297 Polhlhing and grinding, by J. Rose . . . -*31 , 7(-34

Candeze's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;'!-3 5 3 entire course of experllnental physics . . . . . * 229, Plants, economic, in Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 Polishing and grinding machine, stone, Salmon Photography, instantancous, lion's head taken 7(-232, *237, *243, *247, 7(-250, 7(-253, Plants, economic, new, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 and Crossland's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *261

by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *383 *262, *266, *27 1 , *279, *284, *297 , Plants, effect o f uninterrupted sunlight on . . 220 Polishing lllachine for telescope reflectors, Photography, instantaneous, Muybridge's ex·· *302, *321 , 7('353 , *363, *388 , -X- 4 10" Plants, evergr�en, action of frost upon.-Orna- Gr!lbbs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . : . . *.44

periments in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5 *423 mental gardenmg, cheap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 PolIshing powder for gold artICles, reCIpe for. Photography, isochromatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *402 physiognolllY, human, developmental signifi- Plants, fiber, of India, by J. W. Minchin . . . . . 407 144 Photography, microscopic, applied to chem- cance of, by E. D. Cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 392 I Plants, growing by electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-242 PolY-lllicroscope, Von Lenhossek's . . . . . . * 143

istry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *325 Phys!ological knowledge, by Prof. Huxley. 8 8 Plants, gutta-producing' of the Malay Peninsula. Pollen gr�ins as seen under the microscope, by Photography of colors, by F. E. Ives . . . . . . . 2 16 PhYSIological station, ParIS, b�: E. J. Marey. I . 1 52 W. G. <:'-'uth . . . . : . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 Pbotography of machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 73 ,(-408 , *414 I Plants, house, how to clear of msects . . . . . . . 7 5 POlllpen, new dIscoverlOs at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 PhotogI'aphy of oil paintings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44 Physiology, experimental, by Dr. Robert Meade . Plants, how they fecd, by Dr. Sachs . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 POlllpeii, recent visit to, by H. D. Garrison . 1 80 Pbotogt'apby of the invisible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 9 Smith. An interes�ing paper . . . . : . . . . . : . . . . * 16 � Plants, !>ow to dry for the !>erl:Jarium . . . . . . . 347 POlllpeli, victims. of, recen.t excavations of . 375 Photography of vision, by W . S . Bird . . . . . . . 1 8 4 Physiology, experImental, relatIOn o f t o practI- Plants, mfluence of electrIC lIght on, by P. H. POlllpeU, wall-pamtmgs of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Photography, porcelain, by J. R. Sawyer . . 256 cal medicllle, by G. F . Yeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50 Tleherain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Pompeiian house, a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Photography ; positives, how to take in the Physiology, food, and force, by Dr. E. L . StUIi:e- Plants, leaves of, absorption of water by . . . . 1 76 POlllpanoes, characteristics, occurrence, and

camera direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 vant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ; . . . . : . . 1 8 6 PI,ants, medicinal, cultivation of at Hitchin, food valu� o!" by G. Browne Goode . . . . . . . . . : 349 Photography ; positives, transparent, a ncw Phytochrolllotypy, or art of taklllg Impres- England, by E. M. Holmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Pond, artIfiCIal, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 240

method of taking', by Capt. Biny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 sions of plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Plants, medicinal, cultivation of in Lincolnshire, Ponds for trout, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *246 Phou.graphy, printing surfaces and pictures Piano, cottag'e, dcsign for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-239 Eng'land, by E. M. Holmes : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Pontoon bridge, Berthon's collapsible boat for.

by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Piano, uprig'ht, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 100 Plants, microscopic crystals in, by W. K. Hig- * J 99 Photography, progress of in Hussia . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Pianoforte, history of, an elaborate and valn- ley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 57 Pontoon dry dock, floating, Turnbull's. *275 Photography, recent advances in, a lecture be- able paper, by A. J. Hipkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *385 Plants, movem'ts of, by Rev. G . Henslow.*297 Poplar tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

fore the Society of Arts, by Capt. Abney: . . . . . 237 Pianograpb-lllet.ronome, Hodgson's fortran- Plants of New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Popocatapetl, ascent of in 1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Photography, recent applications o f i n tho in- �cribing' music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*350 Plants, physiology and bio-chemistry of, by H. Population of the United States in 1;76 and in

dustrIes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Plassava flber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 P. Armsby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 1886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Photography, relief in, exaggeration of . . . 1 39 P!ckling lllachine for plate, Taylor . . . . . . . 7(-75 Plants, r!'�toration of by hot water . . . . ' " . . . . 128 Porcelain, gilding and plat!ng on, process. . 86 Photography, retouching in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 P�e-plant, or rhubarb, cllltur� of . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Plants, SIlIca tak,en \IP by . . . . . : . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . *37 1 P�rcelain, hIstory, manufacture, and decora-Photograpby, solar, a new method of.-Stains, PIer, Huelva, of RIO Tonto Rarlway . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 7 Plants, spread of epIdemIC dIsease 1Il, by Dr. W. tIOn of, by Chas. Louth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

bichromate, how to remove from the hands . 3 86 Pier, iron, U . S., near Lewes, Delawarc, by A. G , Farlow . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 10 Porcela!n, how manufactured . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Photography, solar, reversed action of light in . Stierle, C .E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-72, *73 Plants, the growth of, by W. B. Hemsley, . . . . 5 7 PorcelaIn, manufact. of, by J. W . Mallet . . . 232

248 P!er, tidal, Eg('rton's . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 5 7 Plants, travels o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " , ' . . . . 3 39 Porcela!n, process o f decorating with gold . 1 64 Photography, " spirit " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Piers, brIdge, by W. S. SmIth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Plaster casts, how to bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 PorcelaIn photography, by J. R. Sawyer.256 Pbotography, stellar, at Harvard . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Picris japonit'a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-345 Plaster casts, of fish, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . 1 26 Porcelain painting, howto prepare the colors Pbotography, tele, by S. Bidwell . . . . . . . . . 7(-290 Piesigaster, a new species of serpent . . . . . -X'332 Plaster, remarkable effects of on clover . . . . . 1 1 4 for, by V. J oclet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 70, 1 82 Photography upon canvus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Pie sse, Dr. G. W, Septimus, Ph.D. Portrait. * 366 PI�sterIng, wall, drying in three days, method Po.t:celain plates, mach. for making, ]'aure's. Photogravure, Goupil's process . . . . . . . . . . . 269 PIglllents, thallIum, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 of III Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 7('29 l"hotogravure, photo-relicf plates for, method P!gs, large white, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 2 Plastic conIpound, new, from cellulose, by Ed- Porcelain printing . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 of reproducing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *418 PIgs, thoroughbred, value of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 ward Weston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 Pork and bacon, AmerICan, how prepared for

Photogravure, Scamoni's process for . . . . . . . 125 PH aster capitals, designs for . . . . • . . . . . . . . *249 Plate and saucer machine, Faure's . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Photo-Iante l-n, Stcbbing's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *227 Pile, chloride of lime, Niaudet's . . . . . . . . . . . . *219 Plate, boiler, bending rolls, Palmer's . . . . . . *302 Port Henry, geology of, by T . S. Hunt . . . . . 195 Photo-light equalizer, De l a Noe's . . . . . *376 Pile-driving, hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *237 Plate cleaning, photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 Port of'Colon, new dredge-boat for . . . . . . 7(-431 Photo-litho oil painting�, o r chromotypes, Pile-driving, new system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 29 Plate-holders, construction and preservation Port of Dunkirk, France, new docks at . *262 how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Pile driving, pneumatic, by J. W. Glenn . . . . . 1 4 1 of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Portage Viaduct, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-4

Photo-lithograpbic process, AS3er's . . . . 95 Pile, electric, dry, Van Tenac's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 Plate-in-the-bath pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Portland celllent, r('sults of tests as to its re-Photo-lithographic process, by H. Butler.227 Pile, medical, miniature, Soares' . . . . . . . . . . . . *412 Plate-pickling lllachine, Taylor's . . . . . . *75 sistance to crushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Photo-lithographic printing, as performed Pile, mercury-bichromate, Fuller's . . . . . . . . . . *7 1 Plate-press, hydraulic, German . . . . . . . . . . . *41 7 Portrait and frame work, how to obtain at one

at Woolwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .� 7 PIle, Pezzer-Plante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-323 Plate-rolling, machinery for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *221 printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 Photo-lithography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Pile, pneumatic, Burns' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 Plate .. and lenses, cleaning of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 97 Portraits in watch I;l"lasses, how to take . . . . . 7 7 Photo-lithography, hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7 P!le, secon,dary, Ue.ynier-�'aure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-32� Plates, c�pper, ;net�od of stee�ing . . . . . . . . . . . 1 70 Portrai_ture, Mr. LIebert on . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . 1 49 Photo-lithography, how performed . . . . . . 284 P�le, selemum, MClc:,tdl�r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *326 Plates, dIY, dm elopmg, �oche s method . . . . 301 P�rt. �In , lllark, method of removmg, Dr. Pho tometer, astral, new, Espin's . . . . . . . . . 7('397 P!le, standard, �{eymer s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 425 Plates, dry, h]g�ly senSItIVe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 "qUIre E' . . . . . . . • . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • . . . . • . . . • . �23 Photometer, dispersion, Perry's . . . . . . . . . . *283 PIle, sulphate of copper, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *404 Plates, dry, rapId, by H. W. Bevan . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Port WIne marks on the face, treatment of, by Photometer, electric, Vidal's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*270 Pile, Sir William Thomson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363 Plates, dry, preparation of, by H. Vogel. . . . . 29 Dr. B. Squire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6 Photollleter, fire-damp, elect., Li\·eing's . . *2.53 Pile, thermo, improved, Hidout's . . . . . . . . . . . * 23 S Plates, dry, solarization of, by Franz Stolze . 300 Positives, direct, for enlarging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Photollleter for studios, Monckhoven . . . . 7(-204 Pile, thermo-electric, Clamond's . . . *120, 7(-21 1 Plates, dry, VB. wet collodIOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Positives in the camera, meth. of obtaining.255 Photometer, Munzinger's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 PHes and accumulators at the Munich Exhibition Platcs, how to clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 52 Post Office and Custom House, Albany, N. Y:> Photometer, new, Napoli's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X-237 of Electricity. Descriptions of several kinds, Plates, metallic, for printing, Michaud's . . . . . 1 84 1 -J! 84, *80 Photollleter, Pentane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-379 with Humerous engravings illustrating Plante's Plates, porcelain, machine for making . . . . . . 7(-29 Post Office, Br

. itish, operations of . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Photollleter, refraction, Fuchs' . . . . . . . . . . 7(-284 apparatus and the prinCipal phenomena that Plates, sensitive, how to make, by J . A . Forrest. Post Office building, Minneapolis . . . . . . . . . . 7(-420 Photometer, Sabine's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *387 !Jave been �btained with �t . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . *4 14 . , *272 Post Office, Peoria: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Photometer, simple, how to make . . . . . . . . *250 PIles, electrIC, apparatus for teBtIllg . . . . . . . *365 Plates, wet, mtensIfier for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 8 Postage stalllps, Improvement m, by P. H. Van Photollleter, universal, Hartley's . . . . . . . . . 7(-393 PiJ es for elcctric lighting, Reynier-Faure . . 7(- 3 4 2 Plateau's filllls, a paper describing some in- j der W eyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 PhotolllPteY, Woodbury's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-220 pne�, s�condary, pro!!,ress made in . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 �ere.st�ng ,:,xper��ents wit!> .. Plat�all's films," a Postal t..-anslllission, pneumatic, in Vie?na Photollleter, Zenger's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*421 I' es (see also BatterIes). RubJect of phySICS almost Ignored III text-books. and Berlm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 90 Photollletric llleasurements at Munich Ex- Piles, secondary, new, Reynier's . . . . . . . . . . . ;'!-426 7(- 1 60 Posts and shores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *94

hibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . *409 Piles, testing bell for, Barbier and Pieret's . ,'!-341 Plating, electro, full details of processes . . *31 0 Potash, chlorate of, and binoxide of manganese, Photollletric measnrements, approximate, of Piles, wooden, pneumatic system of sinking', by Platillotype printing, improvcm'ts in . . . . 1 5 5 accidents from in making' oxygen gas . . . . . . . 330

sun, moon, sky, and electric and other artificial J. W. Glenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 Platinuln and iridium, method of purifying. Potash, chlorate, toxic properties of . . . . . . . . 326 lights, by Sir William Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Pilgrilll's Progress, new ; milestones in his 1 94 Potassa, new process for the estimation of, by

Photollletrical researches, Cornu's . . . . . . . . *294 journey from l6�O to 1876 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Platinulll and silver, oxidation of, by William A. Carnot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Photollletry of the sun and other lights . . . . 3 79 Pill coating, by E. S. Bull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30 Hkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Potassiulll carbonate, manufacture of by the Photollletry, the eye as an aid in. An interest- Pills, howto coat with gelatine, by C. W. Holmes. PlatiIluIlI, coating metals with by Dode's pro- dir,!ct treatment of the chloride with trimethyl-ing paper, showing how light affects the eye. and 370 cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 amme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 within what limits this organ can judge differ- Pills, phosphorus, new method of making' . . . 198 Pliltinunl cl'ucibles, how to mend . . . . . . . . . 1 42 Potassium, determination of, by L. L. De Ko-ences of illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *408, *409 PlIocarpin in diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Platinulll, metallurgy of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 ninck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Photo-lllicrography, by George E. Davis, Pilocarpin in intermittent fever, by Gaspar PlutillUlll·pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Potassiulll, neutral oxalate of, how to prepare. F.R.M.S. A practical treatise on the art of tak- GriSWOld, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Platinlllll series of metals, preparation of in a 296 ing photographs of microscopic objects . . . . *284 Pilocarpin, influence of in baldness . . . . . . . . 23 1 state of purity, and notes upon the manufacture Potato beeth', how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Photo-lllicrography, by T. C. White . . . . -X-376 Pine-cones, turpentine from, apparatus to dis- of iridio-platinum, hy George Matthey . . . . . . 1 8 3 Potato beetles, apparatus for destroying, Ba-Photo-nlicrography without a microscope or tIll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 1 6 Pleuro-pneulllonla, by Prof. James Law: dona's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4

microscopic objecti\'e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-391 Pine, Kauri-Dammara Australis . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 2 1 3 Potato-bcetles, machine for destroying, Iske's. Photo-lllieroscopy, monochromatic light in, Pine tilllber, effect of prolonged stress upon Pliocene lllan, by Dr. C. C. Abbott . . . . . . . . . 208 . *28

by Capt. Abney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 the strength and elasticity of, by Prof. R. H. Plo,v, snow, lI1abbs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *46 Potato-bug, medical properties of . . . . . . . . . . 369 Photo notes. How to remove silver stains from ,!,hurston, . . . . . . . . . . : . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . 297 Plow, steam, �i",dlass te.nd�r, Ch.:;neral's . . 7(- 143 Potato culture ,:ontest, novel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

clothing ; prevention of blisters on albumen pa- PIne, whIte, m MIChIgan, natural and mdustrml Plo,v, thc prllllltn'e, and ItS Immedmte snccessors, P"tato culture, hmts on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 per ; silvering of glass ; taking impressions of history of, b y W . H . Ballou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 from examples at the Paris Exhibition, by E . H . Potato growing, extraordinary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 negatives ; washing of photographic silver pic- Pine, yellow, strength of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Knight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(- 1 3 5 Potato, sweet, composition and nutritive value tures in zinc vessels ; a new gold salt for photo- Pipe cuttingnnd threading machine . . . . . . -*400 Plow2 three-furrow, Ransome's . . . . . . . . . • . . . . ->(-59 of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 graphy ; the dry coffee process ; chloride of pal- Pipe joInt, differential-screw, Bourry's . . . . . * 80 PlOWIng by electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *201 Potatoes and their utilization. How to make ladium process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Pipe-jointing, elastic, Hoche's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*25 Plowing in rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 starch, gum dextrine, glucose, whisky, and vine-

Photo-paper, formulas for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 P!pes, sewer, man�oles on, be�t. form� . . . . . 7(-419 PIOW!Ilg, sub,,:oil, will it pay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 gar fr,!m potatoes. Desiccated potatoes.-Imita-Photo-paper, sensitive, preserving. . . . . . . . . . 1 9 PIpe, water, cast Iron, reqUISIte thICkness of Plowlllg-englne, steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 199 tIOn of alabaster from potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 13 Photophone, an interesting account of the re- under heavy pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 92 Plowing-engine, steam, Fowler's . . . . . . . . *304 Potatoes, cost o f raising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

se<U'ches o f WIlloughby Smith on selenium, and of Pipe, wrought iron, manufacture of . . . . . . . * 1 36 Plows and plowing. What i s good plowing . 308 Potatoes, how to produce early crops of . . . . 378 the subsequent development of Bell and ']'ainter P!pes, claJ:, how m:,tde . : . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 361 Plows, improve?, Fondeur's . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . *330 Potatoes, leve� culture of .: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3� of n new branch of philosophical inquiry-photo- PIpes, dram, machme for, WhItehead s . . . . 7(-66 Plo",s of all natIOns, by E. H. Kmght . . . . . . . . 141 Potatoes, rottmg, preventIOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

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' 'G' 'r*a2ha7mO Pipes for gas and other purposes. An excellent Plows, official trial of, at the Paris Exhibition, potatoes! test of the relative merits of. . . . . . n 3

'II practical treatise, with 32 illustrations. The va- with illustrations of many novel forms of French Potentia energy, by S. T. Preston. . . . . . . . . 8 7 Bell, describing a new apparatus for the produc- nous kinds of pipes-chameroy, wood, paper, and American make, by Edw. H. Knight . . * 164 Pottery, American, ancient . . . . . . . 7(-261 , *282 tion and reproduction of sound by means of cement, and slate pipes..o the numerous joints- Plo",s, snow, of the Central Pacific R R . . . . . 7(-8 Pottery, ancient, found in Missouri mounds, by light, and explaining principles involved . . . . 246 ball and socket, harnesll', etc. The destructive Plug, safety, fusible, for boilers, Adams' . • . 7(-335 A. J. Conant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1

pbotophone, construction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*271 power of various soils, and the most successful Plugs, fusible, for boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *410 Pottery and porcelain industries of Japan . . 303 Photophone, exper. with, byA. Jamieson.*27 8 n,Iethods Of. pres!'lrvinl!" ,Pipe. Exten�ed direc- Plugs, leaky, how to refit to their cocks, by Pottery,.how to ename] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 87 Pliotophone, Mercadier's researches on . . . . 2 80 tIons on mam laYIllg. glvmg best practICe .. *62, ,Joshua Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 12 Pottery mterest, AmerICan, by J. A. Norton.201 Photophonc, theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *283 7('64, 7(-66, -*67, 7(-68, *69, *70, *72" *77" Plulllb!ng, h?t an? cold water . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 60 Pottery, Lucca della Hobbia, in New York Mu-Photophonic phenolllena, Bell on . . . . *28 1 *8U, -*8� PlulllbIng, pIpes for, by T. M. Clark . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 seum of Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Photophonic translnitter, Berliner's . . 7(-264 Pipes for plumbing, by T . M . Clark . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Plulllbin�, practical notes on , by P. J. Davies. Pottery, prehistoric, Terry collection of . . . 223 Photo-plate holder, cheap, how to make, by L. p:pe:, iron, l�rge, how manufactured . . . . . 7(-4 19 4- paper of great val.ue, not only t o the aPl.'ren- P,?ultry and egg trade of Europe and the United

Macdona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . *38 P pe , metallIc, how to bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 5 tlCe, but also to the Journeyman plumber,gIvmg 8tates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Photo-plate process, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Pipes of all peoples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-336 full details in regard to the best methods of per- Poultry cholera, a g'overnm't paper on, giving Photo-plates, Edwards' process . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Pipes, stone, North American Indian, by C. C. forming the various operations connected with valuable rules for its prevention and cure . . 298 Photo-plates, instrument for coating· . . . . -X- 336 Abbott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-33 the trade . . . . . . . . . . . *309, *31 1 , *3 15, -*319 Poultry farming, notes on, and illustrations of Photo-l.lates, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 73 Pipes, water, frozen, apparatus for thoawing, Plulllbing, useful hints on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22 some remarkable kinds of poultry raised in Ger-Photo-plates, starch, Ferr'ars and Pauli's . . . 198 Swan 's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(- 1 Plullls, how made into prunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 many . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *306 Photo-plates, wet and dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Pirn, winding', improvement in . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 109 Pneulllatic apparatus, Heron's . . . . . . . . . 011,404 Poultry, fattening of by machinery . . . . . . . 7(- 1 03 Photo-plates-Woodburytype-the old and the piscieulture in California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Pneulllatic apparatus of London, by R. S. Cul- Poultry raising', profits of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Piston-packing, Gifford's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 ley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Poultry, standard requisites for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Photo-printing and photo-plates, by J. V. Piston-packing, metallic, Pinker and Adam- Pneulllatic clock, Bourdon's . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 5 5 Power, can it be transmitted in large amount by

Suverkrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 son's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-44 Pneulllatic clocks at Vienna, Mayrhofer's ... -*84 electricity ? By N. S. Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 Photo-printing in Munich; Albert's establ ish- Pi .. ton-rods, lathe for turning', Schonheyder's. Pneulllatic clocks, the Paris system of . . . . *293 Power, horse, home-made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(- 190

ment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 *22 Pneulllatic dispatch system in Paris . . . . . . -*24 Power, motive, transmission of, data respecting Photo-printing plates, how to make, by T. Piston speed, its influence on the frictional and Pneumatic fonndations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X-21 8 "'Irious methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Bolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 67 air resistance of an nnloaded steam engine and Pneulllatic grain elevator, Renhaye . . . * 133 Power presses, Bliss and Williams' . . . . . . . . . 7(-3 5 Photo-prIntIng process, new, the Despaquis its connected l ines of shafting i n a factory o r Pneumatic hamlllers, Thwaites' . . . . . . . . *396 Power, storage of, b y Prof. W . E . Ayrton. An

method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 machine shop, by Engineer Isherwood • . . . . . . 238 Pneunlatic ore stamps, Scholl's . . . . . . . . . *67 instructive review of the conditions under which Photo-printing process, simple, by Mr. GOb

1e1rt9. Pitch Lake of Trinidad . . . . . . . . . 1 74, 1 75 , 383 Pneunlatie pen, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 power can be stored economically . . . . . . . . . . *338

Pitch, number of vibrations necessary to recog'- Pueulnatic postal transmission in Vienna Po",er, transmission of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Photo-printing process, Woodbury . . . . . . . . 213 nize, by Prof. Dolbear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 218 and Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *90 Power, transmission of to a distance . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 Photo-printing processes. Portug·ueso . . . . 1 3 8 Pitcher-plants and their culture . . . . . . . . . . -X-352 Pnenlllatic .. ail way, projected, London . . 7(-84 Po",er� transmission of. A summary, by Arthur Photo-l.rocess, new, Poitevin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 19 P!tcher plants, by Joseph F. James . . . . . . . . 390 Pneulllat!c rock _boring machiner! . . ; . . . *92 Achard .• 01 the practical rcsnJts obtained in the Photo-reliefs, SeulnonPs nlcthod of repl'O- PIth plant, shola . . . . _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . 1 67 Pneulllatlc steering apparatus. BaIrd s . . . *2 transmISSIon of power to a dIstance by dIfferent

ducing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 8 pitehes for screw3 with anglllar threads . . . . . 1 27 Pneumatic system of sinking piles, by J. W. modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274. 275 Photo-rheollieter for determining the unit o f Pittsburg and her manufactures . . . . . . . . . . 7(-33 7 Glenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 Prairie roads and streets, improvement of, by light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ': . J 36 Pitchers and drinking vessels, magic . . . . . . ';<289 Pnenmatic telegraph, Guattari's . . . . . . . 7('3 5 B. T. J. Nicholl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1

Photo-tracings i n black and color . . . . 2 8 6 Pittsburg, objects of engineer'g interest in . . . 8 6 Pneulllatic telegraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Prairies, treeless, o f the West, by Thomas Photo-transparencies, excellent, how to Piuru, or lndian yellow, its sources and uses, by Pueulllatic tube for mountain railways . 7(-2'76 Meehan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

makc, by Eo 8tebbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 5 5 T. N. Mukharji . . . . . . . . . : : . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Pueulll,,-enieritis, or hog cholera, its nature Praxinoscope, theater, a new scientific toy. Phthisis, a lecture, K 0. J aneway, �I. D . . . . 246 Plagioscope, or centrIfug'al force appar . . 7(-361 and treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 *224 Phthisis, acu te, curability of ; Dr. McCall An- Plagues and pestilences, chronology of . . . . . . 370 Pneumonia, by Prof. Alonzo Clark, M.D. Two Precipitates in chemical analysis, new method

derson's treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 Planers, metal, gearing for, Bilgram's . . . . . *396 valuable and interesting lectures, containing of separating and treating, by F. A. Gooch . 7(- 1 30 Phthisis, forced fceding in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Planet and satellite, effects on the configuration much information not to be found in text books. Precipitates, washing, automatic apparatus for. Phthisis, treatment of by bcnzo:lte of soda .. 226 of, resulting from tidal friction, by G. H. Dar- 2 19, 220 *292 Phthisis, topical medication in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 w;n, F.RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Pneulllonia, heart clot in, clinical lecture by Presbyopy, or long sight, treatment of. . . . * 1 36 Phylloxera in California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Planetariulll, a new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *230 Dr. Alfred J,. Loomis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74 Prescriptions and formulrn for a large number Phylloxera, life history of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 67 Planetary stability, limit of, by Prof. Daniel P�eulllonia, its characteristics, sign.s, complica- of new prel?ar:,ttions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 Physical exerdse, its value for health, by Dr. KIrkwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 7 tIOns, and treatment, b y Prof. FranCIS Delafield. Preserves, JellIes, and jams. A valuable collec-

Charles Cathcart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Planets, ultra Neptunian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 M.D. A valuable clinical lecture . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 7 tion of household recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Physical law, thoughts on our conception of, by Planing lllachine, vertical, improved . . . *3 10 Poggendortr, Prof. J . C., by W . Flight . . . . . . 65 Preserving-fluid, Wickersheim's . . . . 292, 3 1 8 Prof. F . E . Nipher. A n able and interesting- PJanollleters and scraped surfaces, by J. Rose. POInted objects seen under microscope . . . . *225 Press, cloth, hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . 1 68 -* 1 5 Poison oak of California, by J. G. Steele . . . 95 Press, continuous, beet .pulp, Dujardin's . . . * 3 5 1

Physical phenolllena, by W . J . Millar. A dis- Plant, a new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Poison of serpents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Press, continuous, for sugar works and distill-cussion of the properties and nature of certain Plant labels, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Poisoning by lead, by Dr. '''m. Pepper . . . . . . 235 eries, Dujardin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 75 manifestations that are brought prominently Plant-feeding, agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 Poisoning by strychnine. treatment by chloral Press, continuous, for woolen cloth, Harwood and before us in studying our physical sllrroundmgs : Plant portraits, the North collection of, at Kew hydrate, npolllorphia, and electricity, by C. M. Quincy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 146 force ; matter ; motion ; space ; time ; mom en- Gardens, with portrait of the artist, Miss Mari- '''orthington, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Pre .. s, cotton, hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 4 tum ; velocity ; energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 ' anne North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(-347 Poisons in the household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Press, daily, of 1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WI'fR ENGRAVINGS. PRICE :1.0 CENTS EA CH NUMBER. M UNN &: 0 0 . , 361 BROAD WA Y, J!{E W YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE G I VE THE NUMBERS.



Press, filter, Foakes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 1 I' Pro top laslll, structure of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 '7 Press, filter, for treating oleaginous seeds . . * 3 5 8 Protozoa, flagellate, by W. Saville Kent . . * 126 Press, hay, Piiter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'71 [ Prunes, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Press, hydraulic, Brinck and Huber's . . . . . . 0)('3 8 '7 , Pruning fruit trees, method of . . . . . . . . . . . . * 109 Press, hydraulic, by Prof. Perry . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 Prussian blue, manufacture of from spent Press, hydraulic, for iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·,11 '7 ' oxide of iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '79 Press, power, elastic bed, improved . . . . . . . . 0)(·263 Pseudo ceralllics ; how to make vases of paste-Press, steel band, Von Grass-Klanin 's . . . . . . 0)(. 3 3 '7 board in imitation of decorated pottery ; cy lin-Presses for cheese, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 del' vases, with ornaments in high relief ; ellipti-Presses, power, Bliss and Williams' . . . . . . . . . *35 cal vases ; triangular and square vases ; how to Presses, wine, 1<'rench. Descriptions of many shape the pasteboard ; how to make the joints ;

kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X· 1 54 how to prepare for painting, and how to paint Pressing fabrics, hot, apparatus for . . . . . . . -X·224 them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 3 1 '7 Pressing Illachine for bran, etc. , imp'd . . . *394 Psychical Research Society, Reichenbach and. Pressing machine for cloths, Gessner's . . . . *344 394 Pressure and blows, relative value of, ex peri- Psycho! improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 06

ments on by Prof. Kick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 PsychOlogical developlllent in children, by Pressure and suction appar. Muencke's . . . . -X·3 10 George J. Homanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 8 Pi'es",ure apparatus for drawing' beer . . . *346 Psychology and the baby ; development of Pre",sure-gauge, Bourdon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* '70 mmd in the infant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5'7 Pressure-gauge, gas,. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X·'76 Ptolllaines, the recent investigations o f Brou-Pressure, hIgh, m liqUIds, apparatus for measur- ardel and Boutmy on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33'7 Public buildings, Philadelphia . . . . . . . . . . . . ';:·33 Pressure-regulator for water-conduits, Eiche- Public buildings, ventilation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*250

nauor·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 '72 Public institutions, unhealthiness of, by H. C . Pressure-regulator, steam, D·Arsonval's. Bnrdett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 56

*2'7'7 Puddler's balls, sqneezing machine for . . . ';. '7 8 Pres tidig I tatton, the induction balance applie(l Puddling t nrnace, Abbott's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 40

to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('289 Puddling fnrnace. Casson-Dormoy . . . . . . . . -*25 Prickly heat, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Puddling furnace. patent retort, Price's, at Prillle IllOVerS, by F. J. Bramwell. C.E . . . . . 30 Woolwich arsenal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 108 Prillling i n steam boilers, by W . �[ajor . . . . . . *82 Puddling Iron by machinery, by R . Howson. Print washing' machine, self-acting, by W. A. '70

Nichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9'7 Puddling iron, coal required for. . . . . . . . . . . . . '76 Printing and folding press, Duncan and Wil- Pulley-block, self-stopping, Wilke and Lappe's.

son·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· '76 '*20 Printing and transferring designs. process . . 1 8 0 Pulley, expansible, Schulte's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*308 Printing and writing materials, recent improve- Pulleys and gear, transmitting, for variable ve-

ments in. by .J. W. Mallet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 '7 locities, Sertori's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *359 Printing by the blue process, apparatus for, by Pulleys and other rotating parts o f machinery.

Channing Whitaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·365 how to balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·221 Printin:!", carbon, improvements in . . . . . . . . . l 03 Pulleys and pinions for millstone spindles, by Printing, direct, from glass negatives . . . . . . . 1 1 8 Charles B. Coon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 0 Printing, dyeing. and bleaching, by M. De Vin- Pulleys, how to balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *368

ant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Pulllllan, city of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Print I ng fabri cs , recipes for colors . . . . . . . . . . 208 Pul1nIan se""erage, by B. Williams . . . . . * 3 5 1 Printing, fatty ink, from gelatine, improvement Pnl P, paper, black, recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

in. by L. Vidal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Pnlp, paper, machinc for. Lebrousse . . . . . . * 1 '70 Printing ink. indelible, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 Pulp, wood, apparatus, Dresel's . . . . . . . . . . . . *299 Printing machinery cloth, Godfrey·s . . . . . -*360 Pulsator, Bretonniere·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'7'7 Printing in water colors. by J. Husnik . . . . 64 Pulse, the. A clinical lecture, by T. A. McBride, Printing on glass, Koeppe's method . . . . . . . . . 1 '76 M.D. , of great valne to medical students . . . . . 235 Printing on glass, method of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X'4 '7 Puisollleter, Hall·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Printing on woolen, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Pulverizing Illachine, Jordan's . . . . . . . . . *262 Printing ornamental borders to carbon pictures. Pulverizing Illill, Hauctin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·61

1 PUIllP, air. condensor. Tangye's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 109 Printing, photographic. processes . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .� 1 PUIllP, air, mercurial, how to make, by G. M. Printing, photo-lithographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 '7 HOpkIllS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *224 Printing, pigment, permanent, in photography. ;PUDlP, a�r, illt?rcurial, Neeson's . . . . . . . . . . . *�89

1 44 PUIllP, all', Nmgara duplex . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,32 Pl'lnt!ng plates, heli'!typic. how to make . . 205. PUIllP, air,Sprengel, an improvement on, by ,Prof. Printing plates, musIC, new method of pre- O. N. Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.'240

pat'in� . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 PUIllP, air, Sprengel. Rood's modification . . *303 Printing press, copper plate, Marcilly·s . . 0)('408 PUIllP, air, Wylie's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 33 Printing press, eylinder, Derrlcy's • . . . . . . . * 1 65 PUHlP, centrifugal, and steam engine, Lawrence Printing prcss, TJang-haday·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 and .Porter·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 Printing press, Degener and Weiler·s . . . . . . . *33 PUIllP, centrifug-al, and 3-cylinder engine, Printing press , oouble. Hoe's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *46 llrotherwood's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Printing press, fast, for engravings . . . . . . . . *41 '7 Pnlllg, centrifngal, for ships, Allen·s . . . . . . . *333 Printing press, Kidder·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *308 PUIllP, feed water, Gauchot·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40'7 Printing pl·ess. Liberty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33 PUIllP, tire, and steam engine combined . . . *408 Printing press, multicolor. new . . . . . . . . . . *242 PUIllP, fire-engine, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 120 Printing press, rotary. for illustrated papers. PUIllP, gas-tar, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*89

Alallzet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*1 56 PUIllP gearing. Leamington Water Works . 0)('206 Printing press. two-color, Alauzet·s . . . . . . . 0)('2'7'7 PUlllP, horse·power, simple, how to make . . . 0)(,3 8 Printing press, Victory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(''76 PUlnp, injection, Laurent and Collot·s . . . . . *358 Printing press, zincographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *290 PUIllP, mining, Blake·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 Printing' presses, taking-off apparatus, Smith's. PUlllP, lnining-, improved, Silver's . . . ' . . . . . . . *23

*263 Pnlnp, pendulum. tltannah's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 104 Printing processes, autographic, modern, de- PUlnp, rotary, Doremus' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9

scription o f several, such as the lithographic, PUIllP, sand, Clift·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 '7 the electro-chemical , the papyrograph, electri- PUIllP, steam, differential. Davey'S . . . . . . . . . * 149 cal pen, Zuceato's method, collography, blue PUIllP, steam, double-acting, Ashworth·s . . . *34 process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 PUIllP, steam, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 '7

Printing processes. b y C . Baumann . . . . . . . . . . 82 PUlnp, steam, Norwalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 Printing processes, photographic, i n the service PUIllP, steam, pulsating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2'7'7

of the Portuguese government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 23 PUIllP, steam, rotary, Bartrum and Powell's. Printing processes, Woodbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 '* 149 Printing receipes for fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 PUIllP, steam, Syers' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('49 Printing, silver, permanent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 PUlnp, vacuum, and st(!am engine combined, Printing surfaces and pictures by photography, Gleason's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31

by 'l'homas Bolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 , 14'6 Pnlllp, vacuum, Sprengel. application o f in fill-Printing woolen, colors for, recipes . . . . . . . . 64 ing barometer tubes, by E. 1<'rancis . . . . . . . . . . * 19 Printings, photographic, b y J . L . Gillon . . . . 1 44 Pnlllping engine, Corliss, for Pawtucket, R I. Prints, blue. large, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 * 1 8 3 Prints, blue, o n paper, wood, etc., b y T . C . PUlllping engine, Cornish, for Hull (Eng.)

Roche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Water Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '7, 0)('23 Prints, how to mount without distorting . . . 423 Pnniping engine, direct acting. Mathieson·s. * 1 1 Prints, faded, treatment of for copying . . . . . 248 PUlllping engines for the 1<'errara Marshes. Prints, fireproof, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 Northern Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('9 Prints, photochromic, process for, by Leon P��Iping .engine of the Lehigh Zinc Work,�, at

VIdal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 Ji rl8,Jensvllle. Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ·32 Prints, photographiC and other. how to render PUlllping engine, Pearn and Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . *6'7

transparent. by B. W. Poston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29'7 PUlllping engine, steam, direct acting. com-Prints, photographiC, how to enameL . . . . . . . 6'7 pound, 'tang-ye's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 Prlslll, how Newton mquired into the meaning PUlllping engine, steam, Rumblc's . . . . . . . . 0)(· 1 54

of cohn's with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 Pnmping engine, underground, improved . . 0)(' 7 8 Prislll with wide-angled aplanatics . . . . . . . . 0)('234 Pnlllping engine, Walker's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,. 19 Prislllatic instrulllent, novel, for lighting u p PUlllping engine, Worthing·ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . *56

the dark cavities o f the body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('21 0 PUlllping engines for city water supply and tire Prison, Auburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 protection, Holly system of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 140 Prizes, awards of at Paris Exhibition, list of. Pnlllping engines for Newent Collieries . . . *219

1 49, 1 50 PUlllping engincs o f Covington. Ky., Water Pro be and extractor, electric, Trouve·s . . . . . . *29 Works . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Proo1"s, over-printed. reduction of . . . . . . . . . . . 293 PUlllping eng'ines of S.S. Gallia . . . . . . . . . . . . *212 ProJectile-velocillleter, Sebert's . . . . . . . . * 1 '7'7 PUlnping engines of the Lawrence, Mass., Water PrOjectiles and armored targets. recent trials of �Worj(s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 66

in �]ngland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14 8 PUlnping Illacltine for forcing gas directly ill-Projectiles, apparatns for measuring and regls- to the mains ; a new system of supplying' gas

tering the laws of motion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *254 direct to the consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *231 Projectiles, manufactnre of, by J. Davidson. PUlllping station, Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 '7 8

*310 PUIllPS, compound, Worthington's . . . . . . . . *289 Propagating box, ,lOW to make . . . . . . . . . . 'X'330 PUlnps, horse power, Nives' . . . . . . . . *424 PropeneI', ddjustablc:. lle\·is· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('93 PUlllPS, oscillating motor for . . . . . . . . . . . . ,('3'76 Prop .. Uer dnd propeller shaft of the steamer Pumps, primer for, Normand·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'79

Thetis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 PUIllPS, regulator for air-chambers of . . . . . *283 Propeller, D e Bay·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *250 PUlnps, rotary. improved, Crocker's . . . . . . . . *12 Propeller, De Bay. performance of . . . . . . . . 2'70 Pnllll)S, steam, antique and modern . . . . . . . * 1 1 5 Propell< r engine, novel, by Prof. C. W. Mac- PUIllPS, three-throw. Hayward and Tyler . -* 105

Cor(l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 Punch, concentric, for cutting out washers, Propeller, feathering', 'Yelton's . . . . . . . . . . . -X· 338 Schwab's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *323 Propeller for \'elocipcdes a!ld slcighs . . . . . . 0)(' 1 59 Punch, spiral, Kennedy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *125 PropeU .. r , new, Rankin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Punchtng and shearing machine, quadruple, PropelJer pattei'ns, Osten's method of making. hydraulic, Chapman·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'75

'*92 Punching and shearing machine, Berry and Propell -r, screw, assistant, McKenzie·s . . . 0)('200 tlon·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *59 Propeller, screw. Crooke and Mylchreest.0)(·2'78 Punching Press, Merriman·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34 Propeller, screw, Dc Bay's ; also apparatns for Purifier and feed-water heater, tltrong·s . . *363

testing Screw propellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,1· 1 '70 Purifier, condenso. for gas. Chevalet·s . . . . *363 Propeller, screw. Collis Browne's . . . . . . . . . . . 'X'2'7 Purifier, gas, Pelouze's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *234 Propeller, screw. l'1yre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'74 Purifier, gas, tltill's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 5 8 Propeller, screw. improved, b y J . E . Wilson. * 1 Purifier, midolings. Excelsior . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 1 8 5 Pi'opeller, screw. Mallory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 1 45 PuriJier, middlings. electrical, Osborne·s . . *235 Propeller, screw. Thornycroft·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(' '7 '7 Purifier, middlings, Paragon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Propeller scre""s, cause of vibration in . . . 349 Purifier, smoke, Johnson and Hobbs' . . . . . *223 Propeller screws. mechanism for raising and Purifiers, middlings, various systems of . . -X· 101

lowering, Brooks' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20 Purple, London, as an insectiCIde . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 18 Propeller stealllship and double rudder. by Pustule, malignant. how to treat, by Dr. C. A.

Capt, -ladlc!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 Leale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28'7 Propeller, twin screw, engine for, Whiting. 0)('9 Pnt-Iog fastener. for temporary bridges, Boui!-Propeller wheels, the work of, by H. C. Pear- lant·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239

sons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('2'78 Puzzle, ball, at Centenmal . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4'7 Propellers, arrangement of, and form of stern Pnzzle, the square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21

in screw ships, in order to obtain the best effect Pyorrhea alveolaris, diag'nosis and treatment in propulsion, by R. Griffiths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 of, by Dr. J. M. Riggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 8

Propellers for war ships, new combination of, Pyramicl, the great, ascent of . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*229 by George Quick. RN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pyralllid builders. tools of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *398

Propellers, screw, action of,byJ. Howden.0)(·101 Pyralllicl, great and theories concerning it. by Propellers, screw, efficiency of . . . . . . . . . . . . *208 Prof. H. I,. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 19 Propellers, screw, experiments on the position Pyralllid of Meydoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(,321

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·2'72 Pyralllid, the great, by R A . Proctor . . . . . 0)(,332 Propellers, screw, (see also Screw Propellers). Pyramids, Egyptian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *268 Propellers, screw. S�artall's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 1 6 P.yrethrulll, c';liti vation of and manufactnre of Propnlsion, hydraulic, new system of . . . 0)(·3 5 '1 Insect powder frolll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Propulsion, marjne, possible i�provcm'� in. 6!) Pyrethruln the best insect killer . . . . . . . . . . . . 24'7 Propulsion, marme, theory Of. recent IIIVestl- Pyrheliollleter, thc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8

�'atlOns on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Pyrogallic acid, dangers of, by Dr. T. L . Phip-Protoplaslll, a speculation on. by Persifor son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2

Fl'azer. J r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 '7 .pyro-gallol for dry-plate development. . . . 2 '7 0 Protoplaslll, by Dr. G . J . Allman . . . . 1 95, 196 Pyrollleter, Fischer·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 198

Pyrollleter, new, Main's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33 Rails, steel, o f various makes, comparative wear Pyrollleter, Seyfferth's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *288 of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Pyrollleter, water, platinum, Hoadley's . . 0)('3 5 8 Rails, wear and tear of, apparatus to measnre, Pyrollleters, Zobel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '72 Kraft's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 1 Pyrollletric instrulllents, new . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Rail""ay accident at Morpeth, Bng-. . . . . . . *'73 Pyrophone, or flame org-an, Kastner·s . . . . *35'7 Kail""ay accid't, remarkable, Hugstetten.*366 Pyrotechny, coloreo fires for. recipes . . . . . . 49 Rail""ay accident, remarkable, on the Chicago Pyroxyline. composition of, and the fnrmula of and Northwestern Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('40 cellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23'7 Rail""ay accident, remarkable, near Ashtabnla, Pyroxyline, new solvent for . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " . 1 83 1 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 '7 Pythons, cag-ed, experiments with, by Lieut. T . Rail""ay apparatns, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 5

Hutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 Rail""ay appl!ances at Philadelphia Ex . . . . . 1 2 5 I Rail""ay appllances, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '76

q I Rail""ay, Atlantic and Pacifie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Rail""ay axle-boxes, improved . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 '7

quadrangle 0 1" Muir College, Allahabad, Rail""ay axles, breakage of, data concerning, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 1 1 1 by W. Thamm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 6

quadrature o f the circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*282 Rail""ay axles, friction of, experiments on . 1 91 quadrupeds, British, ancient and ext.inct, by Railway brake (see Brake),

Dr. A. Leith Adams. A highly interesting and Rail""ay, cable, at Giessbach. Sweden . . . . . *402 valuable p�per . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . '72, '7�, '74 Ra!lway, Canada pacifi,c . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . 2 5 1 ,. 304

qnarries, freestone, N. tl, Wales . . . . . . . . . . . -,..42'7 RaIl""ay car axle, Mlltlmore S . . . . . . . . . . . *2'7'7 qnarries, slate, applic. of electric light in.*2'71 Rail""ay car axles, tests of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 qnarries, slate, of Monson, Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 '7 Raihvay car, compressed air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X' 1 8 quartz crushing machinery, by John Richards. Rail""ay car construct'n, past and present . . 203

319 Rail""ay car couplings, English. A very com-quartz crystals, explosion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '7 1 r.rehensive paper, containing descriptions and quartz ledges, the Cariboo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(' 1 1 3 Illustrations of all the leading types of car coup-quassiin, by A. Christensen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 lers used i n English railway practice . . . . . . . . . *21 quick Illatches, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Rail""ay car derrick, Vorng·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 125 quicksand, boring through at Minnie Pit . . 426 Railway car, dynamometric, French . . . . . . *369 quicksands, mode of making solid foundations RaU""ay car, run by accumulators . . . . . . . . *408

on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23'7 RaU""ay car, refrigerating' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·8 9 quicksilver and sulphur deposits, and the borax RaU""ay car, refrigerating, Winant·s . . . . . . . · 1 8

lake of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 Rail""ay car, spring-propelled. Leveaux's . . *4'7 quicksilver Illine, Guadalupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Rail""ay car, spring-propelled. Steel and Aus-quicksilver mines of California. g-eology of, by ten·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·46

Luther Wagoner, C .E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 '7 5 Rail""ay car springs at the Ccntennial . . . . . . 30 quicksilver ores, how treated in Spain . . . . 3 1 2 Rail""ay car, street, steam. Brunner's . . . . . . *22 Quicksilver pnlllp in the silver mill . . . . . * 1 5 5 Rail""ay car. street, Muir's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 qnillai� s�p�lIaria, saponip..e trom ; also tine- Rail,;"ay car-wheels. chilled cast-iron. method of

ture of qUlllam as an emulslfymg ag-ent, by H. makmg . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Collier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Rail""ay car-wheels, foreign, at the Centeno 29

qUills, modern uses of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Rail""ay car wheels, improved, Paige·s . . . . . *1 quinces, culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 , 349 Rail""ay cars, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 38 qnlnces, some facts concerning' . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 Ran""ay cars, cost.s of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 qnincy Illethods in education, by B. G. North- Rail""ay cars, freight, Eng. and American . . 429

rop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Rail""ay cars, freight, of N. Y. C. RR . . . . . . 0)(' 1 8 quinine and salicylic acid, action of on ear . . 333 Rail""ay cars, iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 '7 quinine group, application of polarizer to ex- Rail""ay cars. safety device for, Root's. . . . . 0)('9

an:in.ation of, by H. A. Mott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 R.ail:way constrnction, a novelty in ; the Dar-qnIllIne m sunstroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Jeelmg tramway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 qninine, milk as a solvent of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 Rail""ay crane, locomotive. Dubs' . . . . . . . . 0)(,84 quin!ne! preparation �or hypod�rmic nse . . 2 '7 1 Rail""ay line, new, between New York and qninlodlne, borate of, as a febrlfug-e . . . . . . . 308 Capada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

R

Rabies, a possible cause and a probable preven-tive of, by S. T,. Dorr, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0

Rabies in dogs, its origin and symptoms ; with hints on treatm·t of bites of mad dogs . . . . . . . 1 1 4

Racing, boat. laws of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Radi,ant energy, production of sound by, by

Prof. Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 1 Radiant Illatter spectroscopy ; a new method

of spectrum analysis. by William Crookes . . . 394 Radiating Illac.hine, steam, Hercnles. for the

St. Helier's harbor works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 Radiation, mechanical action of, by Le Roy c.

Cooley, Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 '7 Radiation, repulsion resulting from ; experi

ments on the repulsion produced by the different rays of the solar spectrum, by W. Crookes . . . 22

Radiation, terrestrial, by John Tyndall . . . 3 82 Radio-dynallllcs, by P . E . Chase . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Radiograph, or sunshine recorder, Winstan-

ley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·2'7'7 Radiograph, Winstanley·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *256 Radiollleter, by Prof. C . A . young . . . . . . . . . . 69 Radiollleter, by Sir Wm. Grove . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Radiollleter, i s i t an electric engine ? . . . . . . *44 Rad�olneter, researches on, by Prof. P. Volpi-

celli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 '7 Radiollleter, theories of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X' 1 3 Radiollleter, what canses it to revolve ? . . . . 3 '7 Radiolllelers, by Dr. Andrews, F.RS . . . . . . 2 6 Radiollletric experiments, i n GermaQy . . . . 3 1 Radius, fracture of, treatment by Dr. R J .

Levis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *230 Rans, life-saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(' 198 Rag ""orks a t Ghent, Belg-ium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Rags, woolen and cotton, apparatus for separat-

ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'78 Rail and road truck wheels, combined . . . . . 0)(' 302 Rail and track joint, standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 395 Rail and wheel for common roads . . . . . . . . . . *3'7'7 Rail Illill engines, Davey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*391 Rail Illill, vertical engine for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *232 Rail joint, Aeaster's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· 125 Railing, iroll, ornamental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *383 Rallin:!,", iron, ornamental, design for . . . . . . . ,,!- 5 '7 Railing, ornam. for Goethe monument . . . . *28'7 Railroad, Boston. train dispatching o n . . . . . 3 32 Railroad, two-foot g-aug-e, Billerica and Bedford.

0)(' 1 1 5 Railroad car, first class passenger, detailed eost

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Railroad coaches, lighting by electric'y. *406 Railroad, Denver and Rio Grande. scenery on

the Utah line of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Railroad, elevated, New York City . . . . . . . 0)(' 1 22 Railroad II and-car, Romans' . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 '73 Railroad, Hudson HiveI', depots of . . . . . . . . . . 253 Railroad i n the clouds ; ' interesting description

of the Callao, Lima, and Oroya Railroad, and of the country throngh which it passes, by J. E. Montgomery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 , 84

Railroad, interoceanic, Tehuantepec, progTess of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Railroad la"", progress in New york . . . . . . 231 Railroad locomotives (see Locomotives). Railroad, New Orleans and Texas . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Railroad, New York, West Shore. and Buffalo.

New York terminus of opposite42d Street.*381 Railroad, Northern Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12 Railroad, Pennsylvania, stockyard of . . . . . . -� 8 '7 Railroad, Pennsyl. terminal facilities of . . . . 260 Railroad, Rigi ; brief description, with view of

Mt. l{igi. showing the line of the road .. . . . . *245 Railroad roHing stock, American, featnres

of . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Railroad shakes. Suggestions on the proper

trimming up of tracks to give them easy riding qnalities, by S. W. Robinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 8

Railroad, ship, the Isthmns, proposed, by J. M . Goodwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 196

Railroad shops of N.Y., N . H . , and H. RR. . 5 Railroad signals ; descriptions of the principal

kinds now nsed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Railroad, single-rail. Stone's, at Centen . . . .. " 33 Ra!lroad, Southern Pacific; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;; 42 RaIlroad station, an English . . . . . . . . . . . . ' ''' 3 1 8 Railroad, ten-incli gauge. Massachusetts . . 105 Railroad tbroug'h the Sahara, preliminary labors

for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Railroad tinie-tables, how arranged., . . . . 320 Railroad track sweeper, Olmstead·s . . . . ·*9'7 Railroad travel, summer, discomforts of .241 Railroads and locomotives, American, an inter-

esting history of frolll 1826 up to the present, by }'. C. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'71

Rai1roads, gTavity, of N. Y " L . E., and ,Yo H.R. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 9

Railroads o f the U . S., Jan. 1, 1876 . . . . . . . . . . 5 Railroads of the world, lengths of, by Dr. G.

Stuermer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'7 Railroads, street, new steam car for . . . . . . *422 Rails and tires. diminution of friction between.

by D. McDowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 RaHs, Bessemer steel, manufacture of, by C. B.

Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 124 Rails, curious wear of. . . . . . . . . *300 Rails, expansion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Ra!ls, jaeks9rew for raising . : . . . . 0)('265 Ralls, machme for stralghtenmg· . . . . . . . ' . . . . * 53 Rails, steel. and Bessemer steel, manufacture ot'.

by C. B. Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 124 Rails, steel and iron, comparative wear of . . 2.') Ruils, steel, English. experience with .. . . . . . . 33

RaIlway, Denver and RIO Grande . . . . . . . . . *281 Railway depot, Union, Cincinnati . . . . . . . *306 Rail""ay, electrIC, at Brighton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Rail""ay, electric, run by accumulators . . *342 Rail""ay, electric, at Paris, Siemens' . . . . . . *306 Rail way, Egyptian. armored train on . . . . . ,. 351 Railway, electric, Ayrton and Perry's . . . . *335 Rail ""ay, electric, Binko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 52 Rail""ay, electric, coal mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3'78 Rail""ay, electric, Edison·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Rail""ay, electric, Kew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·382 Rail""ay, electrie, Portrush, Ireland, by Dr. Ed-

ward Hopkinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88 Rail""ay, electric, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·242 Rail""ay, electric, at Zankeroda Mines . . . . . *41 '7 Ralhvay, electric, Siemens-Halske, near Ber-

lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X·292 Rail""ay, elevated, Berlin, by Wm. Bird . . 0)(·338 Rall""ay, elevated, i n 1836 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Railway, elevated. i n New York, what i t does

for street architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 39 Rail""ay, endless rail, Ader·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)('2 1 1 Rail""ay, field, for rapid construction i n war

time, by J, B. Fell, C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 Rail""ay gange, changing .a, by A. Mordecai,

C.E. An interesting account of the change, in less than a day, of 224% miles of track from a broad to a narrow gauge on the N. Y., Penn., and Ohio RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Rail""ay, inclined. Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 120 Rail""ay in China, first, opening of . . . . . . . . . . 0)('45 · Rail""ay, Madrid and Corunna . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Rail""ay mail-bag catcher. French . . . . . . . . . . ,X· 5 3 Railway, marine. new • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Rail""ay, new, across American contineut . . 12'7 Railway, new, up Mt. Vesuvius. General de-

scription, with map showing route, mountain and surrounding country. and with illustrations of the cars employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *235, *236

Railway-, Northern, of France. Paris terminus of, with ngures showing elevation, plan, and full details of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40

Railway or ship canal ? Remarks of Capt. Eads before the House Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Ral '""ay passengers, rights of at stations.262 Rail""ay, Philadelphia and Long Branch, by C.

S. D'Invilliers. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50 Railway, pneumatic, projected, London . . . *84 Rail""ay, rack, locomotive for . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'70 Railway reSistance, dynagraph experim'ts. ;L 1 Rail""ay resistances, investigations on in Eng-

land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 RaU""ay, Rhenish. the Bottrop Cut of the Dui�_

burg and Quackenbruck Section . . . . . . . . . . . *2'76 Rail""ay, ship, Eads', for the Isthmus . . . . *405 Rail""ay, ship, Eads', terms of the Mexican con-

cession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 '70 Rail""ay, ship, Tehuantepec, by Capt. J . B.

J<]ads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Rail""ay, ship. Tehuantepec, proposed, by Chas.

W. Zaremba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Rail""ay Signal, explosive, Aird·s . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 Rall""ay signal-wire compensator. Lyle·s.*286 Rallway signals. audible, Brown·s . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Rallway signals, electric, German . . . . . . . . . *361 Rail""ay signals, electrical, Siemens and

Halske's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*65 Railway, single rail. for South Africa· . . . . -* 14 1 Rail""ay, single rail, Lartigue·s . . . . . . . . . . . . *420 Rail""ay, sing'le rail. impr'd car for, James·.0)(·44 KaiJ,vay sleepers, iron, Grcav-e's, Griffin's, and

Livesey·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *206 Rail""ay sleepers, iron, Webb's . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Rail""ay sleepers of toughened glass, by C.

Wood, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20'7 Rail""ay, specifications for. An important en

gineering paper, being a full copy of a recent, carefnlly drawn contract made by a construction company for building a certain portion of a new railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Railway speeds, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Railway speeds, high. by W. B. Le Van . . . . . 240 Rail""ay, St. Gothard, rolling stock of, by R

Abt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 Railway station, mode of lifting as practiced in

England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05 Rail""ay station, passenger, at Washington,

D. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(· '7 1 Rail""ay station roofs, Handyside & Co . ·s . . * 5 8 Ran""ay stations, new, Melbourne . . . , . . . . *425 Ran""ay, street, the Edge system of . . . . . . . *220 Raihvay, suspension, Stevenson's . . . . . . . . . • * 18 3 R

t��,�.a� ."'�i�lg. brId

.ge: .I{Ull

.��ld .B.��nsle�;.s4�9 Rail way system, modern ; how train schedules

arc arranged and time tables made. . . . . . . . . . . 29 RaU""ay ties and sleepers, iron, by Charles

Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Raihvay ties impreg-nated with chemicals, rela-

tive durability of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '72 Railway time, fast ; across the continent in

three days and a half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 RaU""ay tires, fracture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Rail""ay tracks, removal of snow from, devices

for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·4fi Rail""ay train velocimeter, Westing-house·s.

0)('64 Rail""ay trains, apparatus to measure speed

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(·3 '72 Rail""ay trains. English, aYerage speed . . . . . . 421 Railway trains, applica. of electricity to . . -*345 Railway trains. new battery lights for . . . . . . 41 '7 Raihvay truck, 42-inch wheel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0)(' 82 Railway tunnels, ventilation of. by Gabriel

Jas. Morrison, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED W ITH ENGRAVIN GS. PRIOE 1. (1 OENTS PER N UMBER. M UNN &: 00., 361. BROA.D WA Y, NEW YORK. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMBERS.


882 A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF 1'HE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Rail way turn·table of the time of Louis XIV. Recorder, siphon, Thomson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 5 Rivers with high banks on one side and low I Sail boats, rigs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 *28 6 Record tower, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 8 banks on the other, what is the cause ? By John Sail boats, rules for the management of, applica-

Railway. undArground, London, extension of. Recorder, speed, Theiler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *92 Hepburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 1 ble to cat-rigged boats, single-sail rowboats and * 5 3 , * 5 6 Recorder, sunshine, Whipple's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 69 Riveting, equations of strength, etc., by J. B. other smtlil pleasure boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7

Railway velocipepe, Sheffield's . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 8 Recorders and gauges, speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200 Holbrook '." ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' .; : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 SaUcyli� acid. A verr comprehensive article, Railway, Vesuvius, cars of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 5 Rectory, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 9 Road washmgs as a fertlhzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 de;;cnbmg the propertIes and enumeratmg the Railway, waterf.0wer, on the Giessbach . . . . 264 Rectory, Llandrindod, Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 Roads and streets, prairie, improvement of. by applications of this antiseptic agent . . . . . . . . 226 Railway whee , steel, Miltimore's . . . . . . . *405 Rectuln, bottle in the, successful removal of by T. J. NichOll, C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 1 Salicylic acid for the cure and prevention of Railway, wire, for coal mines. etc . . . . . " ' " . * 6 5 Dr. L. A. Rodenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Roads, country, h.ow to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. * 3 3 5 diseases in qattle and live stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Rall_ay, wire rope, Righi Vaudois . . . . . . . . *426 Red dye on cotton, fast, recipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Roads, macadamIzed, harrow for breakmg' up Salicylic aCId. howmade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Railway _orkll, Crewe, a visit to . . . . . . . . . . 341 Red, 'I'urkey, by C. Koechlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 0 surface of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 3 8 1 Salicylic acid, how to test for purity . . . . . . . . . 6 5 Rall_ay, 15-inch, Haywood's ; object o f the Red_ood, durability o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . 3 0 8 Roads, tunnels, bridges, and canals, b y J ohn Salicylic acid i n acute rheumatism . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3

road ; mode of constructing the line ; descrip- Reed·Dlaking machine, Barraclough's . . . . . * 3 Fowler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 3 Salicylic acid in the treatment of yellow fever, tions and illustrations of the locomotive and Reeds for looms, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 0 Roads, wagon, iron tramways for . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22 cholera, etc., by Dr. T. B. Henderson . . . . . . . . 3 3 8 cars ; and notes upon light railways . . . . , . *296 ReeCs, cor:al, origin of, b y A . Geikie . . . . . . . . *427 Robert College, Constantinople, b y Rev. U . Salicylic acid, latest results obtained with i n

Railways, American, b y O. Chanute . . . . . . . . 2 5 4 Reel for sIlk, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 3 4 6 Washburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 brewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 RaU_ays, American early, historic notes . . . 4 0 2 .Reel for yarn, Cole by's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6 8 Rockets, sky, composition for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7 Salicylic acid, solvent for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Railways. cable, Chicago . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 3 6 7 Reflecting cODlparatorl Sexton's . . . . . . . . * 9 6 Rockets, war, explosion of, Woolwich Arsenal. Salicylic acid, use of in the household) by Dr. Rall_ays. cable, of Chicago, difficulties and Ret'ractioll , index of, met.hod of determin'g. 8 6 * 4 1 0 Von Heyden ; directions for using a s a lood pre-

objections to use of in crowded cities . . . . . . . . 429 ReCrigerating apparatus. compressed air, Rocky Mountains, botany of. by Dr. J. D. server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Rall_ays. Continental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Bell and Coleman's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 5 Hooker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 5 Saliva and snake poison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Railways. English. An interesting account of ReCrigeratlng apparatus of the steamships Rock-boring Dlachlnery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *94 SalDlon . canned. Columbia River trade in . . 1 22

the manner in which railways are o,(lerated in Strathleven and Dunedin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 4 Roek·borlng machinery, Dubois and Francois" Salmon dIsease, by Prof. T. H. Huxley . . . . 329 England, where the practice differs WIdely from ReCrigerating Dlachine, air . . . . . . . . . . . . "'2 5 4 at the St. Gothard Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 2 SalDlon of the Pacific. observations on, by D. S. that in use in America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9 Retrigerating machmes, compressed air (see Rock·borlng machinery, pneumatic . . . . . . -*92 Jordan and C. H. Gilbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 5

Rall_ays, electric, and transmission o f power Air). Rock·boring machinery, sketch of the history Saloon, great, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 9 b y electriCity. A lecture b y Alexander Siemens, ReCrigerating machine, dry air, Hall's . . . *2 8 8 and characteristics of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 Salt DIan utacture. California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44 in which it is shown that. as a system of trans- ReCrigerating machinery. air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5 Rock-boring machinery and tunnels . . . . . -* 1 09 Salt manufacture, description of processes em-mitting power to a distance, there is a sphere for ReCrigerating mach!nes . . . : . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . 2 5 2 I Rock-breaker, ch�ap, h,ow to construct . . . . * 3 8 ployed in MichiganhbY S. S. G�rr!gues . . . . "' 1 02 electricity where it meets existing demands bet- ReCrigerating machmes. LIghtfoot s . . . . . *2 7 4 Rock· breaker, LOlzeau s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 98 Salt lDarshes. met od of recialmlllg, by W. Chft. tel' than onr present means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 6 RefrigeratIng car. railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 9 Rock·cleaving without powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 9 1

Rail_ays, electric, application of turbines t o Refrigeration : Ice machines ; refrigerating Rock·drill and air-compressor, Ferroux's, b y Salt Dlountaln in St. Domingo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 dynamos of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 7 machllles ; ice-water refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 4 H. W. Pendred, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 Salt Dlines, Wieliczka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "- 1 72

Rail_ays. electric, night signal for . . . . . . . * 3 0 1 ReCrigeration. mechanical, by J. K. Kilbourn. Rock·drill. atmospheric, Chenot's . . . . . . . . * 3 5 3 Salt mines, wonderful, of Virgin HiveI', Nev . . 2 5 Railways. electric, Perry and Ayrton's . . . ,,- 3 3 2 2 7 9 Rock·drill. Burleigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *48 Salt i n the animal economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 Rail_ays. English, observation on ; the great R�Crigerative �over for the sick. Dumontpal- Rock.drill, han!1-power, Jordan's. * 1 1 1 . ,,- 1 1 7 Salt, its his.tory and . influences . .. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 4�6

shops at Crewe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'304 her and <!alante s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 4 Rock·drill, Kamot?man . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . * Z 3 Salt, sea, Its chemICal compOSItIOn, propertIes. Railways, mountain, comparative altitud

*es

309f'

5 ReCuse. CIty, furnace for consummg . . . . . . . * 1 9 1 Rock·drIlI. percnSSIOn, Welker s . . . . . . . . . . * 3 69 ana uses. by W. J ago. F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 6 ReCuse, city, fnrna<:es fo� destroy'g, Fryer*28 3 I Rock·drill. Sachs' . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; ' ,,-263 Salt, . sea-water, process of manufactnre at

RaIl_ays. mountain. pneumatic elevator for. ReCuse. town, burnmg of at Leeds . . . . . . . . . * 3 62 1 Rock·drI l ling machme, Barlow and Co. s. *49 AVClro, Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 * 2 7 6 Register, electric, and Koenig's tuning-forks. Rock·drilling machinery, b y John Darlington. Salt. Sir Titus, biographical sketch, with portrait.

Rail_ays of the world, total lengths of . . . . . 1 4 8 by Prof. Le R. C. Cooley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 8 * 1 0 3 ,,- 6 8 Rail_ays o f Peru, wonderful, b y Dr. E. R. Regul.ator, automatic, for thread lustering Roc.k·d�ills. submarine. b y E. Moore . . . . . . * 5 6 Salt _ater, apparatus for distilling,Norman?y's.

Heath. An interesting paper . . . . . . . . . 1 6 5 . 1 66 machllles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 7 Rocks, Ig�eous, by.H.. C . . Sorby . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 2 5 5 . . . * 3 � 9 RaIlways. raCk-rail, progress o f . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 3 Regulator. solar, new . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 4 Rocks ... prImary, ongm of. b� H. HICk�.. . . . . � 2 Salt water, solar dIstIllatIOn o�, apparatus for. RaIlways, sinking of in bogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9 Regulators and pumps, Gauchot s . . . . . . . . ,,- 407 Roebllng, Jolin A., the emlllent engmeer, bIO- Abstract of a paper by J. Hardlllg . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Rail_ays, street. electric. new system of, Regulators. speed, for turbines and steam mo- graphical sketch, with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 93 Saltpeter caves, in Virg'inia, by Dr. H. Haupt,

Smith's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 1 1 tors. Bell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 6 Roller·bearlngs, antI-friction. Higley's . . . * 8 9 Jr. , Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 Rall_ays. street, locomotivc for . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 3 Reichenbach's experiments and the Psychical Roller laps in spinning, prevention of . . . . * 2 0 7 SanatoriulD ... Holloway, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*424 Rall_ays. street, the cable system of . . . . . ,,- 3 6 7 Research Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Roller Dlill, St. PauL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *347 Sandal_ooa, derivation and uscs . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 RaIl_ays, street, wire-rope. of San Francisco, ReIss, Philipp, inventor of the telephone, by S. Roller Dlili�g at Budapes.th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 1 Sand and gravel driers, new. Dai�h's . . . . . . . : . . * 7

Cal.. b y A . S . Hallidie. M.E. Description of a sys- P . Tliompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Roller milhng. theory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 200 Sand bars� new system of removlllg, experIments tem now in successful operation in San Fran· Relay ... Theiler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 3 Roller Dlills. Ganz's Mechvart's patent . . * 1 66 on at BoulOgne-sur-Mer. by Ch. Bergeron . . . *98 cisco, which is specially adapted for use where ReUel, exaggeration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 9 Rollers. calender, how ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 74 Sand blast file-sharpener, Tilghman's . . . ,,- 4 1 6 steam locomotives are not pel'lIlitted. o r where ReDleDlbering. ways of, b y J . Mortimer Gran- Rollers for grinding cards, Edwards' . . . . . . * 1 3 7 Sand, movement of, study of, b y Ph. Forchhei-the streets are so steep as to make the use of ville, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Rollers. porcelain. for milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 62 mer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 9 horses difficult or impossible ; with thirteen illus- Reporting Dlachlne, stenographic, Michela's. Rolllng·Dlill eugine, vertical. . . . . . . . . . . *232 Sand. musical of, Island of Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 trations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *298 *Z78 Rolling-Dlill for dressing and rounding bar Sandstone. ariificial, and tripolith . . . . . . . . . . . 339

RaIlways. Swiss, brief descriptions of the prin- ReptIle bird (Archillopteryx) . . . . . . . . . . . . *24 1 iron, Chuwab's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 62 Sandstone, artificial. how to make . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 cipal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Repulsion. static, electricaL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 Rolling·Dlill for iron plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 2 1 Sandstone reeCs, Brazilian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0

RaI lways. underground, of London . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Reservoir. cement, for water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 8 Rolling·DlIlI for making corrugated iron. Sanitary appliances at the Paris ExhibitIOn of R dlways. water, novel. St. Malo, France . . , * 4 8 Reservoir, water, beton, how to construct* 3 2 1 * 2 8 6 Applied SCIence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Raiu and snow gauge, record'g, Draper. *209 Reservoirs, air, for locomotives . . . . . . . . . . * 197 Rolling.DlllIs, improved, Jepson's . . . . . . . . . . * 6 Sanitary appliances for dwellings ; illustration Rain, production of by human agency. . . . . . . 67 Resi dence. Milford Manor. Salisbury, Eng. ,,- 3 1 3 Rolls. bending, boiler plate, English . . . . . . . -l<- 302 of the proper arrangement of sewerage and ven-Raln2 temperature, apparat. to determine. * 1 7 3 ResIn, gums, and waxes. notes on . . . . . . . . . . . 3 00 H olls, calendering. Voith's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 0 tHating pipes in houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 69 Raiubo_ rings about the moon . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 9 Resorclne. eosine. and the other derivatives of Rolls, chilled irori, manufacture of. . . . . . . . . . 3 4 Sanitary arrangeDlents of houses, common RaIndrops and hailstones. fOl'lIlation of. Ab- resorcine, manufacture of, by Bindschelder and Rolls, steel, manufacture of, J. Morton Poole defects in and remedies for, by Dr. W. H. COl'feld. It!i�l��;f,ag�ii��!��n� !��ft��s: by '��f R��ai�e '01' 'in the'treatnlent'of'disease: b/ £� R'!!it�'�lm:�,:s�il

' the ' 'manufactu;e ' of ' ste�� Sanitary Exhibitioll, International, Lon��:.

7 Osborne J:teynolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Arthur E. T. Longhurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 edged iron cut.ters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 *298

Raindro ps. hailstones, and snowflakes, how Retort for oil gas, new, Dr.esc,her's . . . . . . . . . *� 1 0 RODlan c,,:ndles. how to make . . . . . . . . . . . ,,-209 Sanitat!on, commo,!-sense. by T. S. Case . . . .. Z9 11 formed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 Retort for oxygen, .ChadwICk s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 7 RODle. anCIent. �rade�men of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 3. SanitatIon, home, hmt� on. A valuable pr actI-

Rain.gauge. simple. how to make . . . . . . . . * 4 1 9 Retort. gas machme, new, Van Kannel and I RODle, excavatIOns m at the southeast cnd of cal paper, by H. H. COlllllS . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 3 2 0 Rain·gauges a t J:tothamsted agricultural sta- Towsley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 the Fornm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 1 Santa Barbara and Northern Pamfic coast as a

tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 01 Retort Dlouth-piece lid, self-sealing, Grice's. RODle, remarkable discoveries in the Palatine resort for invalids) by R. W. Burnet. M.D . . . 406 RaIsIns, California, preparation of . . . . . . . . . . Z 3 Z * 2 9 6 Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 7 Sap o f trees, rate 01 flow and composition of, by Raisins, Malaga, how prepared. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 Retort pipes, apparatus for preventing obstruc- Roor, church, of iron, novel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I'rof. Attfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 5 Rake, horse, the Universal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 1 tions i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . * 4 2 5 R o o t . .. iron. 42-foot sp.an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 7 Saponifier� Droux's\ improved .. . . . : . . . . . . . * 1 6 1 RaID, the hydraulic ; the earliest and the latest Retorts, fire clay, how t o prevent crackmg . 3 98 ROOfing paint, reCIpe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Saponine from the nark of qUIllam, by H. Col-

fol'lIls explained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Retorts. gas. methods of setting . . . . . *22, * 4 3... RooCs. curvilinear. An important and valuable lIer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZOO Ra ... . Montgolfier, by W. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 . . *9 !S l;'aper, illustrated b� fi�ty figures • . exhibiti�1f the Sappllir.e, lazulite. and lapis-lazuli, blue color, Ram, torpedo, Polyphemus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z5 5 R.-torts. gas. WIth regeneratIve furnaces . . *401 fol'lIlS of all the prmCIpal styles of curvIlmear cause of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 1 RaDlIe fiber, characteristics and uses of . . . 9 3 Retorts, vertical, for distilling shale and other roofs now in use, embracing the drawings of the Sassat'ras in rhus poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 2 RaDlie plant. cultivation o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 9 minerals. Bennie's . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 7 roof of the great railway depot o f the Northern Saturator, " Cascade," Mondollot's, for saturat-Range-fiuder. Berdan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 5 RetouchIng for beginners, by H. Morgan. * Z 7 6 R.R. o f France, Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 0 , *42 i n g water with carbonic acid gas . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 2 Range-finder. electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 Reversed negatIve process. Obernetter's . . 1 3 5 RooCs, great span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 3 Saturn, b y T . W. Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 Range-finder, improved, Watkin's . . . . . . . . *98 Reversing gear. West's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 6 RooCs, iron, large. English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 7 Saturn. observations of. Abstract of a paper by Ran�e-finder, Weldon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,-223 Revolver. pocket, Turbiaux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -*4 1 0 RooCs, loads on, table for calculating . . . . . . . . 2 5 5 J,. 'L·rouvelot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 RanKine. Prof. W. J. Macquorn. Biographical Rhea, or China grass, by J. R. Royle . . . . . . . . . 345 RooC ... railway station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 8 Saturn, rings of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5

sketch of. with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 3 Rhe·elect':"oDlete�,.Marianini's, for the study of RooCs. s�raw \ how to ma�e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 4 Sa�urn, the wonder of the worlds. by Camille Rapid breathing as a pain obtunder. A paper atmospherIC electrICIty . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 9 RooCs, ZinC, aurable coatmg for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 � lammarIOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9Z

br Dr. W. G. A. Bonwill. giving an account of his Rhe.electrometer. Melsens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Root·cutter. centrifngal, Barbet's _ . . . . . . . *43 1 Sa_ accidents, device for preventing . . . . . . . . . 206 dIscovery that, by causing his patients to breathe Rheolyzer, Wartmann's . . . . . . . : . : . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 4 Roots. conveni!lnt wa;!; to store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Sa_. band, for iron, impfoved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 7 rapidly for a few minutes, pain was s o obtunded R�eoDleter. photo, for determmmg the umt of Roots, value o f for mII�h cows . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 262 Sa_ Dlill. gang, WICkes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '

1: * 401

that their teeth could be extracted without dis- lIght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *336 ·Rope·drlving gear m cotton mIlls, Goodfel- Sa_ miUs and accessorIes at the Centenn al 3 6 comfort-to them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . Z 7 5 RheoDleter. Zenger's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 2 1 low's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 0 Sa_ mills, curious musical vibrations i n . . . . . 225

Raphael's tomb and skeleton in the Pantheon at Rheostat, pe Combette's . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 9 1 Rope, straw, machin� for maki�g: . . . . . . . . . . *341 Saw, steam. for felling trees, R�nsome's . . . . . * 7 8 Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 5 I Rheostat, Improved, Groves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 Rope, WIre. connectIons for mmmg cages, Bau- Saws. J apanese. at the Centenmal . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5

Rare aniDlals i n the Zoological Garden, London: Rheostat lIght, Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *309 mann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 4 7 Sa",s. machine for sharpening, Hure's . . . . . * 1 99 Musk deer, Japanese wolf, and umbrette . . *Z64 Rheostatic machine, Plante's . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 4 Rope. wire, transport, three systems of . . . . *3Z8 Saws. sharpening' and setting, mach. for . . . * 3 3 1

Raslles produced b y drugs i n daily use . . . . . . 1 7 6 RheuDlatislll. acute. cure o f b y salicin and Rope. wire, wear of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sa_Ing Dlachlnery for stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 4 Raspl?erry. culture. of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . 1 92 salicylic acid, by William Squire, M.D . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 Ropes, hoisting. loads and strains on, by W. S. Scaffolding. iron. Hahn's . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . * 1 7 0 Rat king, or rats WIth entangled taIls . . . . . * 2 3 4 RheuDlatlsDl. acute, treatment of by hot soda Hall . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Scalds and burns, chloral hydrate m, by Dr. S. S. Ratchet-brace s,:,pport, King's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 baths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:46 Ropes. wire. �y A. Garcenot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 8 lUddell . . . . . . . . ; : . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Rats. how to .get rId of . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 R��uDl a tislD, acute, treatment of, by Alfred Rope_aYl wn:e, the Monte Penna . . . .. . . . . * 2 7 8 Scale, .MarquOls , an Improved form of . . . . . * 1 3 2 Ratsi non-pOIsonous extermmator for . . . . . . . 2 1 0 StIlle. M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Rosa gall ca m pharmacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 0 Scale Insects, by Prof. Comstock . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 1 Ratt esnake bite, cure for, by J. J. Knott . . 87 RheuDlatisDl, articular, acute, value of salicy- Rosaniline hydrochlorate or magenta, how Scale. vernier, and vernier microscope, how Rattlesnake bitc, cure of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 1 lic acid in the treatment of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 1 used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "· 7 2 Rattlesuake polson. antidote for, b y Henry H. RlleuDlatlsDl. b y M. P. Greensword, M.D. Ex- RosanilIne, question of, present status . . . . . 320 Scales, bagging, for grain, Paupier's . . . . . . . * 3 6 7

Croft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 0 perience o f the author i n the successful treat- Rose CarDling, hints o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 Scales, specific gravity, Parish's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 Rawlinson, Sir Robert, biographical sketch of. ment of rhenmatism in the West Indies, where Rose. Gloire de Dijon. as a winter bloomer . . 3 7 1 Scales without weights, Coulon's . . . . . . . . . . . * Z 7 6

with portrait . . . . ; . . . . : . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . *406 the disease occurs under compljcated forms. Rose oil. O1' otto of ro�es, b.v C. G. W. Lock . . . . 275 Scalp disease, oleate ?f.mercury in . . . . . . . . . Z 8 5 Ray. solar, .chel1llcal mtenslty of ; a new method Mo!1e ?f treatment, external and mternal ; pre- Rose. tea, . cut,. trade. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 3 Scarlet Cever. A clImcal lecture by Alonzo

of measurmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 3 SC1'11'tlOns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 1 Roses, a lIfe-tIme WIth, b y Rev. S. R . Hole . . 302 Clark, M . D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 9 Reading and speaking, b y A. J. D'Orsey . . . . 364 Rlte u DlatlsDl, chronic, articular, and rheuma- Roses for garden culture. best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Scarlet fever. fresh air for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Reagents. chemical, by M . W . Iles . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 t.oid arthritis ; a lecture by Dr. Alf. Stille . . . . 1 9 0 Roses, garden culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 3 Scarlet fever, snccessful method of treating. by Reagents. chemical, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z96 RheuDlatlsDl, turpentine bath treatm't of. 84 Ro u nd shoulders, or antero-posterior curva- Dr. Pigeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 Realities vs. appearances in photography . . . 1 1 6 Rhinoscope, and how used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 1 0 8 ture of the spine, treatment of, by C. F. Stillman, Scarlet fever, suggestions for preventing the ReaDlIng Dlachine. self-stopping, Rosseter's. Rhubarb (pie-plant), culture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 403 spread of. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 72

* l Z 2 Rltus. beneficent and toxical effects of the vari- Royal Courts oC JustIce, London . . . . . . * 3 6 8 Scavenging, city, at Boston, by E. C. Clarke. Reaping machine and locomotive combined. ous species of. by T. J. W. Bnrgess, M.D . . . . 2 7 3 Rubber Cabrlcs, improvement in the manufac- 227

Aveling and Porter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *36 Rhus poIsoning, remedies for, by J. G. Steele. ture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "' 3 9 0 Scheele. Carl Wilhelm, the chemist, biographical Reaping machine, the invention of . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 9 5 Ru bber. India, artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 " sketch of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 0 Reaper .. and mowers, a classification of, b y A. L. Rhus poisoning, sassafras i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72 Rubber tires for vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,-4 1 0 School, City o f London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *423

Kennedy. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 4 RIbbon and tape, machine for stretching . . *389 Ru by. artificial production of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 School. classical, American. at Athens . . . . . . . 4 1 6 Reapers, cutting apparatus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 6 Rice as a brewing material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 8 1 Rudder. telescopic, Stewart's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 222 School house, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 8 Reapers, dynamometric tests of at Leaming- H lce, CUltivation of in the United States . . . . . 90 Ru dders and stern frames of crucible cast steel School houses, warming and ventilation of, by

ton. Eng. ; with a table giving many valuable Rice, maize, and barley composition of . . . . . 2 8 8 for the steamer La Plata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 7 5 Dr. F. Winsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 particulars of interest t o machinists and t o Rice-paper Chinese, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1 RuIns at Palenque, exploration of . . . . . . . . . ,,· 205 School, grammar, Queen Elizabeth, Heath. * 3 8 0 makers and users o f this class ?f apparatus . . 4 3 Rifle b�rreis. ho� to c'?lorbrown . . . . . . . . . .• . 1 5 5 RuIns. Aztec, in So.uthwestern Colorado . . . . * 9 Z S�hool h�gien�, I?y Dr. D. F. Ljncoln . . . . . . . 1 0

Receiver and cupola, Stewart s . . . . . . , . . . . . *43 1 Rifle. bl eech-ioadmg, PlerI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 H u lns, Aztec, MexICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *Z26 S(,hool lite and ItS mfluence on SIght, by G. Ren· Recharger and electrostatic machine. Hum- Rifle Cactory. at Enfield, England . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 7 R u le, slide, spiral, l<'uller's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 1 ling. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 '

blot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 Rifle. Soper's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "' 1 1 5 R uler for drawing converging straight lines. School. model, N. Adelaide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 08 Reclp�s, ho�sehold. and ?ther, by J. '�. Parkin- RIfles. ho."': made . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . ; . . *24, * 2 5 Sinigaglia's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 3 6 3 School, '!ew:. City of Londo.n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * � 69

son ; mcludmg reCIpes for plum puddmg, plum Rifles, mIlItary, most smt.able calIbers and am- Ruling Dlachlnes,paper, HICkok's . . . . . . . * 3 9 6 School of Fme Arts. MarseIlles. France . . . . . . '* 9 7 pudding sauce, national plum pudding and sauce munition for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Rust. a practical protection against . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 3 School, preparatory. for boys, design for . . * 3 64 for the same ; eg&, nog, egg flip, roast turkey, R!g for small boats. Taylor's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 Rust in metals, compound to prevent . . . . . . . 2 3 5 Schools, . technical, handiwork of shown at the woodcoqks and smp�, canvas-back ducks, p)1ea- Rig, for steamers, Forbes' . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 2 . * 39 1 Rye plant,,val,:,e of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 4 Centenmal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . * 4 6 sants, WIld ducks. WIld fowl sauce, brown frICas- Rigs, for boats, new, b y R . B. Forbes . . . . . . * 1 3 3 Rye, plowmg m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SChoonerj mackerel, Spencer F. BaIrd . . . . ,,-4 1 Z sees of rabbits. orange pudding, venison pastry, Rigs for small boats and yachts . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 1 Rytl odus, or fossil sea cow, skeleton of, dis- Sch_end er. Carl Louis, the electrician. Bio· Christmas red round. plum porridge for Christ- RiggIng Dlachlne. improved . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 3 0 covery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -* 2 6 Z graphical sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 mas festivals. sugared pears, table beer, mince Ring.spindles. novelties in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 4 4 Sciatica, fiowers o f sulphur m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 9 meat, pumpkin pie. brandy punch, breuf a la Ring-spinning implements, for . . . . . . . . . . * 2 3 4 S Science and engineering. by W. It. Br?wne . . 4 1 7 mode. punch jelly, orange salad . . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . 3 1 5 Ring-spinning, improvements ill . . . . . . . . ,,·2 1 3 S<:ience. and the bnprovemen�� that I.t can effect

Reclpe� hou.sehold, for blackberry wI�e, c�r- Ring-spinnIng. improve"!-'ts, Tatham's .. *220 Saccharlfier. high pressure, Henze-Ellenb*!"r

11':

6er

8' m our trades.and 11J the condItIOns of our work-

ra'!t· wme, gmger pop, and for removmg mk Rlng-spinldng. Lo�ffel.'s 1I�provements. * 2 1 9 ll}en, b y Prof. W. E. Ayrton . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 stams from carpets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 RIngs, magIC, an optICal IlluSIOn . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 1 0 SaccharlDleter and compensator. improve

*d3. "' 4

SCIence and war. by H. Baden PrItchard. . . . . 8 4 Recipes. household. 100 choice. A valuable col- RIngs. metal. manufacture of, by A. Taplin. *28 • Scie n ce College. Sir Josiah Mason's . . . . . . . *25 5

lectIOn of well selected. practical, and economi- RIngs, seamless, machine to manufacture. * 3 7 1 Saddle leather. machine for stuffing . . . . . * 368 Sci ence. dcfinite conclusions of : Our earth mo-cal directions for making breads, cakes, rolls, Rings, vortex, hquid, by T. Hart . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Sadiron. mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 2 tionless. A popular lecture b y D r . Schoepper, waffles, �ritter:sl �alads, puddings, muffi'!s, ice Rings, vortex, of liquids and gases. by A. G ueb- SaCes. express and bullion, by M. A. Dalton . . 300 endea vorin/! to p!'ove that our globe neither 1'0-cream, ICes, Je hes, catsups, sauces, pICkles. hard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 0 1 SaCety devIce for cars, Root's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 tat.es upon ItS aXIS nor around the sun . . . . . * l Z l wines, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 RingworDl. treatment of with leaves of Cassia SaCety disk for boilers, Rowan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 9 3 Science. industrial, recent progress of, by E . A.

Recipes. phal'lIlaceutical : Extract of vanilla ; alata. by Dr. D. Foulis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 SaCety hooks. Booth and Sugden's . . . . . . . . * 2 5 2 Cowper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 e.xtract C!f soup herbs ; an.tiseptic cologne ; solu- Rio Gr!,-n�e. botany and g�ology of the country SaCety lalDP. Olding's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,- 1 (9 Science. mechanical. Addr�s� by Sir W. Arm-tIOn of CItrate of magnesIa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 bordermg' m Texas and ChIhuahua, by Dr. J. S, SaCety plates for steam boilers. Rowan's . . . �� 96 strong, F.R.S., before the BrItIsh Assoc . . . . . . 3 0 7

Recipes, useful : Skeletonizing leaves, preserv- Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 SaCety plug fusible for boilers, Adams' . . . . * 3 3 5 S(·ience. modern, minute measurements Ofl by ing autumn lea yes, fumigating paper, solu.ble Rlvet.�eating Curnaces. Bonchacourt and SaCety valveL Adams' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,'!o 5 1 �rof. A. M. M�erJsee Meas�rements. minute . blue, paste, BabbItt metal. phosphorescent pamt, Dehlle s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *66 SaCety valve, I:llake's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 SCIence of antIqUIty : decapItated horse . . . . * 3 7 4 stains for horn, walnut stain, t o render fabrics RI�eting i n boiler construction, report q f com- SaCetv valve, Eaves' new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 1 Science. physical, . i n o u r common .schools . . A fire and water proof, moth and roach extermlll- mlt.tee on to Mastel' Mechanics' Assoc . . . . . *Z96 SaCety valve. Fletcher's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 strong argument m favor of teachmg phrsICal ator, to color butter. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 9 Ri veting Dlachlne, hydranlic . . . . . . . . . . . . *266 SaCety valve, Klotz's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,-9 5 science i n elementary schools b y the expenmen-

RecIpes, valuable and useful. 36 in number. for Riveting machines. hydraulic, Tweddell's.* 1 40 SaCety valve, lock-up, Robey's . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 29 tal method, with an outline of the system. b� the confectioner, the baker, and the cook. by J. Riveting machine. improved. Muir and Co. 'so SaCety valve. Schmid's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 4 Prof. C. M. Boutelle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 8 W . Parkinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 * l Z 8 SaCety valve, spring. Atock's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 4 ScIence. progress of during the last half century.

Reclpea, vaJuable : Quick process for making River beds. deepening of, by G. H. Henshaw. 1 6 SaCety valve. test, Wright's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Address by Sir John Lubbock before the British vinegar ; how to bleach gutta percha ; how to River channels. Imclent; in California . . . . . 7 5 SaCety valves, equilibrium. Turnbull's . . . . . * 3 2 5 Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 1 etch o n glass ; h o w t o prepare battery carbons ; RIver Clyde, engineering operations along. 5 7 SaCety valves, lock-up, Wilson's . . . . . . . . . . . "-2 3 5 SeIence. relations of to speculation. by Dr. J. W. how to make fine court plaster ; glaze for pot.- River aysteDl of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 6 SaCety valves, when they are not safe . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 Dawson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 tery ; how to make oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 RIvers. the gauging of, by D. F. Henry, C.E. 31 Sail boat bnilding. the question of keel in . . . 4 4 SeIence. side-show : a-headed woman . . . . . . * 3 72

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS, PRIOE 10 OENTS EAOH NUMBER. MUNN d: 00 •• 861 BROAD WA Y, NEW YOR.K. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMBERS.


A OATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAtNED IN THE SOIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. sea Sl?lence, heoretical and applied, advancement Shears, large, for cutting plate iron . . . . . . . . *333 I Silver, recovery of from the hypo bath . . . . *428 Soundinlt-apparatus, deep sea . . . . . . . . . . *398

10, by Dr C. W. Sicmens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 I, 302 Shears, floating, 2O-ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *206 Silver residues, process for recovering . . . . . 403 Sounding-apparatus, Thibaudier . . . . . . . *438 SCientlfit< phenOlnena and their relations. A b - . Shellac, process of bleaching, by J. M. Eder. 126 Silver, simple method of recovering from washed Soundlng-Instrulnents, self-indicat'g, Thom-

stract of an address by Prof. Newcomb . . . . 1 4 1 I Shellac, sources and preparation of . . . . . . . . . 228 emulSion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . 304 son's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *103 Sclelltific .service of the U. S. Government, I Shells, apparatus for casting. Woolwich . . *309 Sllvel , sprouting of. and its causes. by T. Flueg- SoundIng-lead, Lecoentre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239

compensatIOn of, by F. D. Y. Carpenter . . . 376 I Sheep grub, how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 ger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Sound waves, lantern for exhibiting . . . . . *204 ScIlltillolneter, Montigny's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 199 Sheep shelter, movable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 121 S .lver tailIngs, treatment of in Nevada. by T. Soup for infants, Liebig's, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . 422 Scoop., steam, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 89 Sheep skins, velvet. machine for making.*266 Egleston . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *263 Space, temperature of. and its bearings on terres-Scraping Inaehlne for water-mains . . . . . . *238 sheePi the best kinds of for farmers . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Sllverware, how to clean and polish . . . . . . . . 4 12 trial physics, by James Croll . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Scre", coupling, dilferential, for pipes, Bour- Shing es, how manufactured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 SlIverlllg Class. (See Glass.) Speech in animals ; curious facts regarding the

ry's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 Shipbuilding at the yards of John Roach . . 340 SIngeing machine. gas� Blanche's . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 attempts of certain of the lower animals to ac-Screw cuttl_ng machine • . Parll;er's . . . . . . . . . *3�7 Shipbuilding, hydraulic mach. tools f?r . *266 SIne;Ing, the toni� sol-ra method of teach'g .. 4 1 4 quire human speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72 Screw cUttUlg mechamsm. Improved, Bavllle Shlpbulldlng, prog. of. by John F. Mliler.209 Siphon, automatIc. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 1 Speech-recorder, electrical. Gentilli's . . . . . . 293

and Greenwood's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 5 Shipbuilders, short lessons to . . . . . . . . . . . . . *272 Siphon, hydro-electric. Maxim's . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Specific gravity scales. Parish's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 Screw, pitch of, how determined . . . . . . . . . . . . . *92 Ship, English Imperieuse. and some of the new- Siphon recorder, Sir Wm. 'l'homson's . . . . *200 SpecifiC gravity of liquids. how to flnd . . . . . * 2 1 6 Scre", propeller assistant, McKenzie's . . . *200 est types of the British navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *422 Siphons for sewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 Specllnen cup, deep-sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 398 Scre", pro�eJjer, by Adolph Buonaccorsi Pistoja. Ship Inflexible. large guns of. trial tests ; steel Siphons, how to arrange. by C . M . Percy . . *364 Spectacle lenses and their mountings and gra-

An historICal reVIew of early and recent forms versus wrought iron ; tests of armor plate . . 270 Si phonsLself-acting and intermittent. by Rogers duation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 144 of the helix as applied to navigation . . . . . . . *370 Ship, ironclad, Grosser Kurfurst . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 34 Field. C.K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *201 Spectacles, colored. and t.heir uses . . . . . . . . * 1 42

Screw propeller. Collis Browne's . . . . . . . . . . . . ;(-27 Ship, ironclad. Nelson, Briti"h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 Siren, steam. Brown's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 Spectacles, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 39 Screw propeller. Crooke and Mylchreest·s . . *278 Ship, iron-clad. Northampton . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . * 1 0 8 Sirup, starch sugar, detection of when mixed with Spectrolneter, Rutherford's. . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 1 Screw propeller, D e Bay's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 Ship, light. Seven Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *262 sugar house molasses. by P . Casamajor . . . . • . 3 1 0 Spectroscope and blowpipe for mineralogists. Scre", propeller • . Eyre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . * 7 4 ShIp lI.nes, Ja�ll;son's . . . . . . . . . . *78, *96, * 1 02 Sirups for �ineral waters and other purposes. 50 Hall's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Scre", propeller. Improved. by J. E. Wlison . . ') H Shi • • of war. BrItIsh. Dreadnought . . . . . 61, * 127 valuable reClpes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 Spectroscope, measuring apparatus for . . * 1 22 Screw propeller, Mallo�y,'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *140 Ship of war .Leander. British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *423 Sirupl!', ,fruit. A. valu!1ble paper by A. <!. Vog�- Spectroscopy, by Dr. L. Ciamician . . . . . . . . . . 302 Screw propeller, RanklO s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 Ship, PeruvIan, Huascar. capture of . . . . . . . *212 ler, gIvmg practICal directIOns for maklOg van- Spectroscopes, how used in solar work . . . *21 1 Screw propeller, Spartall's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 6 Ship Prince Adalbert . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 8 ous fruit slrups\ such as raspberry, strawberry. Spectruln analysis. a new method of, by William Screw propeller. Thornycroft's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 77 Ship rallroad, isthmus. proposed . . . . . . . . . * 196 mulberry. and cnerry. and sliowing how natural Crookes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Screw propellers, action of by J. Howden.* I O l Ship rail",ay, Capt. Eads', terms of the Mexi- fruit sirups may be distinguished from a spuri- Spectruln sensitiveness of printing processes. Screw propellers. experim'tS on position . . . *272 can concession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 ous article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 and on a new form of silver printing proceSl!.! by Scre", propellers. relations between power and Ship railway for the American isthmus. Eads' ; Sirups, fruit, preparation of. A valuable collec- Capt. W. De W Abney. R.E., F.R.S . . . . . . . . *341

velocity in. b y John Lowe, U . S . N . . . . . . . . . . . 10 full description of the project. with perspective . tion of more than forty approved recipes . . . 300 Specula, glass, new method of grinding. by Prof. Scre", propellers. the efficiency of . . . . . . . . . . *208 views and figures. showing details . . . . . . . . *400 Sizillg, wal'Jl. glazing machme for . . . . . . . . . . *28 7 E. 'i·homson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 14 1 Scre", propellers, their shafts and fittings. b y Ship railway, Tehuantepec. proposed. by Chas. Sizing Inachine, Atherton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 367 Specululn for a thirty-seven-inch refiector. how

H . W. Pendred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 W. Zaremba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Sizing of cotton goo9s, by W. Thompson. A val- made. by G. Calver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 Scre", propulsion, by R . Griffiths . . . . . . . . 3 49 Ship railway. Tehuantepec, and the improvement uable technical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Speed Indicator for shipst.1leNormanville.*96 Screw shaJ'ts, fiexilile couplings for . . . . . . *240 of -Yississipl;li River, by Capt. Eads . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Sizillg, short history of. b,r Geo. Whewell . . . . 180 I Speed indicator for trains. w estinghouse's . . *64 Serew stealners, useful notes for masters a n d Ship, steel. Comus. British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 79 Skeletons, preparation of for museum purposes. Speed indicator, Harding and Willis' . . . . . . . . * 1 01

officers of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Ship, torpedo, Ajax. British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *301 by Prof. W . H. Flower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Speed indicator, maguetic, Deprez's . . . . . . . . *306 Screw ventilator, Pelzer·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *241 Ship, war. Chliian, New Esmeralda . . . . . . . . . *376 Ske", bevel ",heels, by Prof. C . W . MacCord. Speed indicator. Napier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 0 Scre",s, propeller. mechanism for changing the Ships, air. by R. Grimshaw. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 * 1 74, * 1 '2'6, *178 Speed indicator. new. Moss· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 6

position of. Brooks' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20 Ship's b�rt.h, swing!ng, Andrews' . . . . . . . . . . . *8 Skit!, new, for raising cask�. }'Iesselle:s . . . . . * 2�0 Speed i,ndi!Jator, H;earson·s . . . . : . : ; . . . . . . . . . *294 Screws v�rsus paddles . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Ships b!1'lt m the Umted States. U. S. ocean com- Sk.ln-, �nmng. I;)elaware �tIver ; detalled descnp- Speed lOdICators. Improved. W eIr s .; . . . . . . . . *6 Scre",s WIth angular threads. pItches for . . . . 127 merce ml by W. H . Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 tIOn, WIth workmg drawmgs to a scale . . . . *207 Speed indIcator. (See also VeloClmeter). Scre",lng and tapping machine. Bowker's . . * 1 1 Ships, cy indroid distribu. of buoyancy in. *218 Skin diseases, the use of certain instruments in Speed r� corder and indicator. Theiler's . . . , *92 Scroll lnakers, tools for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 ShIp's davits, Am(lrican Steamship Co . . 's .. *46 the treatment of. by G. H. Fox.'M.D . . . . . . . . . 3 03 Speed recorder, Wythe's and Richardson's,*200 Scrubber and washer, Anderson's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 92 Ships, fioats for docking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 30 Skin diseases. topical remedies for. by John V. Speed regulator for steam and hydraulic mo-Sc;rubbers and washers. gas. new mode of work- Ships, iron, compass corrl"ctio11 in. by Sir William Shoemaker. M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 tors. Bell's and Prunier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 396

mg, by R. H. Patterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Skin grat'tlng, by Dr. R. J. Levis . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0 Spence Inetalt,a new metallic compound!.. by Sea sickness, cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6'2' Ship's log, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *326 Slae;, blast furnace. improved treatment of . . 295 I 6ranville Cole, l'h. D .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥22 Se.a s�ckn.ess : Theory of the. mode i� which the af- ShiP:S log. Kelway's . . . . .. . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 Slag bJ�cks, for paving. machinery for . . . . :*�6 Spherolneter and its applications. by A. M.

fectIOn IS produced. and hmts on Its treatment, ShIp s log. De Normanville s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 Slee .. , dIsorders of. mental. physlCal, hyglemc, M ayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *62 by Dr. J. R. Stocker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Ships' Inodels, speed experiments with . . . . 432 theIr causes and elfect.s. by Dr. H. Povall. . . . 321 Spherolneter, for measuring curvatures of

Sea si.ckness, trea�ment of by the trance state. by Ships of the Cunard fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sleeplessness, its causes and treatment. by lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ; . . � . . . . �200 Prof. E. P. ThwlOg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Ships of war, by N. Barnaby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 James Sawyer. M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . 1 34 Sphyglnograph for recordlOg VarIatIOns 10 the

Sea water, apparatus for the conveyance of, Ships of war. cellular syst. by H. J. Boolds . . . *23 Sleigh, desigu for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 0 pulse . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 84 Hayes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *268 Ships of war, new combinatIOn of propellers for, Sleighs, novel. patterns for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 02 Sphyglnograph, newJ an instrument adapted

Sea ",e.ed, its.comp?sition and various uses . 1 9 8 by G. Quick, 1;t.N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 SlIde-rest, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 7 as a .sphygmograph. spnygometer. cardiograph. Seals2 fur, theIr habIts and mode of capture . . 39� Ships, p�ote.ctIOn of from loss ]Jy flre and from SlIde-valve, h9w to se�, by .J?sbu.a Rose. An cardiometer. etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 SealSKins, how dressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.... loss oy slOkmg. by Donald CurrIe . . . . . . . . . . . 230 excellent practICal treatIse. glVlOg 1 0 condensed Spider, red. how to destroy . . . . . . . . . . . 1 96, *388 Seeds, how to select, prepare. and preserve . . 300 ShiVS, resistance of. theory o f stream lines i n re- form simple and plain di�ctions, whicI! will en- Spiders, specimeJ?s of. ho� to mo,!-nt . , . . . . . . 98 Seeds, !:tow �o sow . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 latIOn tOI ]Jy w. Froude . . . *3, *�, � o , *6, *8 able any person to set shde valves qmckly and Splegelelsen mICroscopIC exammatlOn of. by Seeds, JumplOg. curIOuS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *00 Ships, 1'0 hng, cause of, and descnptIOn of an ap- correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 13 A. Martens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 60. * 1 72L * 1 74 SeisOlograph, or instrument for recording paratus to prevent. by W. McNaught . . . . . . . . *62 Slope stake'!J new method of setting. by Paul Spine, curvature of. treatment of. by C . .If. Still-

shocks and rail way oscillations. Carlilc·s . . . . *41 Ships, screw. form of stern in. and arrangement McCombs, C.]!; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . * 369 man, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *403 Selt?n.ium,. actio11 of light on. by Dr. Charles of p�opellers to obtain. the best effects of pro- Slotting and drilling mac!:tines., Lowery . . . . . . * 1 6 Spine, rotary-latera! curvature of and its. treat-

Wliham 8I�mens . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 24 pulSIOn. by Robt. 1!l. Griffiths. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Slotting Inachlne, vertICal. 1m. proved . . . * 3 10 ment. by Prof. LewI� A . . Say� . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 fieleniuln, mfiuence of hght and heat on. Ab- Ships, screw. steermg of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -1 0 Slnallpox. A paper by Dr. Oscar C. De Wolf, Spillal curvature , hip-jOlOt dlSCase ; club-

stract of a paper by Prof. W. G. Adams . . . . . 23 Ships, ventilation for. Boyle's system of . . . *30 I giving the methods employed very snccessfully foot, by Dr. L. A. Sayre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Selvage, strong, apparatus for making . . . . *331 Ships Ville d'Oran and Ville de Bone . . . . . . . *247 during the last four years to prevent the spread Spinal diseases and curvature. suggestions on Semolina, apparatus for man�facturing . . *� 1 S�lps, waf and merchant, new designs for. of smallpox in the city of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 287 the treatment of. by E. H. Coover. M.D . . . . * 126 Separatillg Inachlne, magnetIC. for ores.*306 Ihompson s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *126 SlnalJpoxt. how to prevent spread of . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Spinning ftalne, Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 1 4 Separator, ore. magnetic. Buchanan's . . . . . *420 Ships, war. future. elfect of steel hulls and steel- Slntth, B. Leigh. Brief biographical sketch. with Spinnlllg frame, revolving ring. Harris' . . * 362 Serpents, Pharaoh's, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . *209 faced armor onl by J. D'A. Samuda . . . . . . . . . . 280 portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *306 Spinning frames, stop-motion for. new . . . * 207 Serpents, poisonous, and their venom, by Dr. 6. Ships, water ba last for. by B. Martel . . . . . . . . *97 Slnoke. apparatus for washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . *223 Spinning frames stopping mechanism for.* 33'2

A. Stockwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Ships, water-tight doors for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 1 Slnokc' b" rnlng furnaces ; description and par- Spinning Inachlne, continuous. Bywater. * 33 Se",age, A B C process for treating, by C . Raw- ShlpsJ wave-makiu� resistance of . . . . . . . . . . . . *74 ticulars of the trials and performances of the Spinning machine for WOOl, Munzinger's. * 336

son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 Shoddy, microscopIC tests of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *398 Walker, Fisher, Eureka, Pnce. and Murphy fur- Spinning machines. sliver guide for . . . . . . . * 1 70 Sewagt? and health of towns ; a practical experi- Shoe-soles, how to ,!"aterpro�f . . . . . . . . . . . " . 1 64 naces, with much valuable information. by John Spinllillg machineJ:Y. Northrop·s . . . . . . . . . . * 263

ence WIth the dry system. by Dr. All red Carpen- Shoe-pegs and pegglOg machmes . . . . . . . . . *19'2' W . Hill. C .E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 Spinning, preventIOn of double roller laps and ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Shoes, oak stain forhEnlllish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 67 Slnoke consulner, Peyton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 1 7 foul piecings in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20'2'

Se",age and sewerage. Gardi,ner's report on . 389 Shoes, wooden. mac ineJ:y for: . . : . . *329, *247 Slnoke, economical Wl!Shing of . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 3 1 5 Spinning, I'!ng. �mplements for; . . . . . . . . . . . * 234 Sewage, apparatus for clearlOg . . . . . . . . . . . *243 Shores alld posts used m bmldmg . . . . . . . . . *94 Smoke from steam boilers. preventIOn of . . . *33 Spinning, nng, Improvements m . . . . . . . . . . * 21 3 Sewae;e disposal, by James Craggs . . . . . . . . . 20 7 Shorthand, a practical system of for everY'day Slnoke �reventer, locomotive, Reimberr's.*61 Spinning, ring, improvem'ts in. Tatham. * 220 Sewage disposal for isolated houses, by Georg-e use, by J ames Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Snake bite, ammonia in. by Dr. T. A. Elder. 92 Spinning, ring, Loelfel'simprovement in . . *219

E . Waring. Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 7 Shunts, electrical. Abstract of a paper by W. H. Snake bite. rapid cure of by phenic acid . . . . . . 3 5 7 SplrIt-lneters, Augenstein's, Weaver·s,. and Se",ag�, household. utilization of, by Prof . • J . Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Snake, lignifled. from Brazil . . . , . . " . *340, 372 Tice's . . . . ; . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *200

Thausmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 3 Shutter, 'photographIC. new form of . . . . . . . * 1 0 8 Silake polson, nature and actIOn of . . . . . ; . . . 1 1 9 Spirits, dIstIlled. apparatus for aging . . . . . . . * 1 2 Se",age, notes on the treatment of at Manches- Shuttle-driver, Grossenhain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 0 Snelus, George James. the metallurgist. bie- SpirltuaUsln; abstract of a paper by Dr. \Y.

tel'. 8alford. and Birmingham. by P. Le Neve Shuttles, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 graphICal sket.ch and portrait of . . . . . . . . . . . . *262 Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tr Foster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'9 Sielnens, Dr. C. W. Biographical sketch, with Snow crystals, method of reproducing the SpUnt, cable. Dr. C. F. Stillman·s. for the tre .-

Se"'age, pneumatic, Berlier system. *348, *3 02 portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 forms of artiflcially. by J. DolPel . . . . . . . . . . . . * 33 ment of fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 Se",a�e, purification 9f. by H. Robin80�. The Sign�l, electric, for night use on railwaysi. Cou- Sno", plows. and novel deVICes for removing Sp,IInt, new, for fore-arm and hand. by Dr. E. .

practIcal and economIC results reached 10 per- pan s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *301 snow from rallroad tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *46 Coover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 fecting the purification of sewage by chemICal Signal, fog. steam. Brown·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 Soap and its manufacture from a consumer's Splints, paper. how made. by Dr. Speare... . . 92 treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04 Signal, railway. Aird's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 point of view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 , 320" 330, 360 SpUnts, plaster of Paris for fractures. by Dr.

Se",age question. Abstract of a paper by C. N. Si=r;nal, railway. D'!coussos' . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . *3 80 Soap Inaklng machinery. Beyer Fr!l�es . . . :* 20 8 Jno. Croft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 � 3 Bazalgette . . . . . . . . . . . . . '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Slg�al rules, offiClal. fo� vessels ; hghts for sea- Soa V., manufacture of i!l small quantIt18s wlt.hout Spolltaneous cOlnbn!'tlon, 9Y Charles W. V lo-

Se",age systeln pf Pans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 gomg steamers ; for towmg steamers ; for steam- bOllmg. by W . J. MenZIes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 cent. A valuable and lOterestIng paper. . . . . 8 1 Se",age, what shall b e done with it ? By A . N. e� ,not sea-going ; fo,: Mississippi. steame.rs ; f?r Soaps, fulling, potash. by W. J. Menzies . . . . . 209 Sponta�eous genl'ratlon, abstract of a paper

Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 sallmg vessels ; steenng rules ; lOstructIOns m Soaps, how to analyze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240, 28'2' by Prof. Tyndall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Sewage ",orks for small towns ; designs made full for all vessels and boats. and what the law Soaps, manufacturers', and their production. by Spottllllwoode, William. Biographical sketch

by Latham. fo,r the town of Skipton. Eng.*70 requires �n their. management. and their equip- W. J . Menzies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 149, *388 Se",er gas and ItS dangers. by Dr. G . . W. McCas- ment of hghts. SIgnals. fog horns. etc . . . . . . . . 63 Soda acetate, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 SprIng motor. (See Motor).

key . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 8 Signaling apparatus, electric flash, for light- Soda, artificial production of, by M. Fremy . . 1 46 Springs, spiral, how to make, by Joshua Rose, Se",er gases. and the transport of solid and liquid houses. etc .• Peebles' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 Soda Industry; improvements that have been with figures of easily made tools, and full practi-

particles therein. by E. Frankland . . . . . . . . . 67 Signal apparatus, electric, Lartigue's . · . . . *31 0 introduced into the Leblanc process . . . . . . . . *2 14 cal directions for working, including hardening Se",er grades, relation of to zymotic diseases, by SIgnals, audibl!l. for railwar.s. Brow�'s . . . . . . *-11 Soda, manufact. of by ammonia process . . . . *260 and tempering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *�O

Geo. W. Rafter. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 13 Silenals?, electrICal. for rallways, SIemens and Soda salts, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 264 Springs, underground. how to trace. by Damel Se",er trap, Durat·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *145 Halske s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 Soda sulphate ; full description of the Har- Ramee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *269 S�"'erage and drainage of cities, by Geo. E. War- Signals, fo�. experimen�s '!"ith . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . � 12 gl'eavesand Robinson direct process, by Jno. Har- Sprinkler, automa�ic •. �armelee·s . . . . . . . . . * 3.63

lng. C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Sign ds, raIlroad. descnptIOns of the prlOClpal greaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Spur-wheels, the lImltmg number of teeth for; Se",eraget drainage, and ventilation of houses. kinds now used : Block and interlocking system; Soda sulphate ; a new mechanical furnace and a a new method of determining the least number . by R. Middleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Hall's electric signal ; Union electric signal ; continuous system of manufacturing. by James of teeth that can be assigned to a wheel when the Sewerage, Pullman. showing how the sewage of Rousseau's safety signal; and Bean's atmospheric Mactear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'2'7 diameter. pitch, and arc of recess of the one that

a large town is profitably taken to a great farm. signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Sodluln and other alkaline metals. manufacture is to engage with it are given; by Prof. C. W. by Henezette Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *30 1 SlIk. A brief manual of instructions for the rear- of by electrolysis . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *403 MacCord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *306t. *3'20

Se",erage systeln of Memphis . . . . . . *284, 4�6 ing and management of silkworms ; description Sodluln, carbonate. manufacture of by the Square, carpenter's, how to use . . . . . . . *8!f, *89 Sewerage ",orks, Croydon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 of the best varieties ; their proper food and direct treatment of the chloride with trimethyl- Square root, method of approximating t o . . 423 Se",ers, intercepting and outfall. of Brighton. care , th!l prepar�tion of the· cocoons � the mode amine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Squeezer, M.enelaus'. an improvement on. by J.

Eng .• by J. G. Gamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 of spmnmg the sIlk from them ; the reels there- SodlDlD, manufacture of. new process, Thomp- Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 Se",ers, pipe. manholes for, suggestions on con- for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 74, * 1 '2' 0 son's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Squeezing Inachine for puddlers' balls . . . . *'2'8

structing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . *419 SlIk cultur� the future of. in the United States. Sodiuln.ltartrate, elfervescing. preparation of. by Stadiolneter, geographic. Bellomayce's . . . . * 3 8 Sewlne; Inachine, carpet. Hesse s . . . . . . . . *239 Report of u . S . Consul PelXotto, of Lyons . . . 324 Henry T. Hayhurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2iJ Stage scenery. how palOted and set . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Sewlllg machine needles. machine for the manu- SlIk dyes, various recipes for. by M . De Vin- Sodluln sulphate. production of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 S�aln� an� grease-spots . . A valuaple pape,r. g�V-

facture of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *30 ant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Solar energy, conservation of. by Dr. C. W. Sle- 109 directIOns for cleansmg all klOds of fabriCS Se"'ing machinery. spring motor for . . . . .. * 1 42 Sllk fiber, strength of. new machine (serigraph) mens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 from any stain whatever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 Sex, determination of. and the mental and phr,si- for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 Solar generator, an application of . . . . . . . . *30'2' Stairs, cast iron, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60

cal inheritance of children. b y J. M. Granvlile. SlIk, finishing machine for, Bulfaud's . . . . . . *149 Solar heat, dynamic measurement and utiliza- Stairs, valuable hints on construction of . . . . . 248 M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 SIlk lnanuCacture, American: an interestingre- tion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *'2'0 Staircase in Jacobean style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 03

Sex, determination of in generation, by Dr. T. view of the present state and future outlook of Solar regulator, Corneloup's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *414 Staircase, twin elevator. and light-shafts . * 28 M. !Iarrjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 38 the industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Solder for silver. recipe for . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 82 StamplIlg In.ni, rotating. Fi�her's . . . . . . . . *260

Sex m an!mals. how to contr�l . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 21 1 Snk, new s?lvent for . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Soldering apparatus ; descnptIOns and illu8- StalnpllI, 10rgmg. Longworth s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *86 Sex of chlidren. what determmes It ? An lOterest- Snk reel, Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *346 trations o f the most approved klOds . . . . . . . . * 1 8 '2' Stalnps, hand. rubber. how to make . . . . . . . . . 83

ing presentation of the most recent views of Sllks and cashmeres. how to clean and how to Soldering Iron, gas-heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *208 Stalnps, ore. pneumatic. Scholls . . . . . . . . . . . . *67 medlCal men upon the subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 dye with resists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Soldering iron. gas. Vang'{'l's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236 Standard tilne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *428

Sexes, laws gover�ing. the production of in ani- SlIk-",orln cultu�e, by J . . Griffitt . . : . . . . . . . . 3 0 5 S�lderlng, method of. without the use of an Stand-pipe at the Calu!"et Mine . . . . . . . . . . . *371 mals, Prof. Thury s vlews on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Sllkworln culture 1 0 AmerlCa. why I t has always 11'0n . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 Stand-pipe for BloomlOgion. Ill., Waterworks,

Sexes, materialistic origin of, a paper by Andrew failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Soldering, practical directions for. with descrip- by H. M. 11. Birkinbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 Dewar. seeki� t? sho,!, that sex in either �niml!l Silo and ensilage, practical tests and results in tions and flgures of the tools necessary, and re- Start?h and the tl'll:nsformations induced by 01'-or vegetable hfe 18 denved from and had ItS 01'1- New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 cipes for the appropriate solders and fluxes., by gamc and other aClds. by F. Salomon . . . . . . . . 4 12 gin i n the duality o f matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 SUo, the flrst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 G . M . Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . *20 Starch apparatus, Angele·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 0

Sliaf'l:, flexible, Stow's. for transmitting power in Silos, and ensilage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78 Solenoid to demonstrate the. constitution of Starch, apparatus for boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . *290 all dIrectIOns; . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *02 Silos, how to construct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 mal!'nets. Von Beetz·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *421 Starch-Inaklng apparatus. an easIly con-

Shat't, the combination. one of the great mining Silver alloys with embri�tling metals. experi- Solids, solubility of in gases. by J. B. Hannay and structed. for fal'mers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *� 1 3 projects of the day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 ments on, by A. E. Outerbndge. Jr . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 James Hogarth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Starch, manufacture of at Maguex-le-GabIOn,

Shat'ting, couplings. and hangers . . . . . . . . . . *200 Silver and gold extraction. (See Gold.) SOlnnalnbullsln and catalepsy. hysterical. in- France. }'ull description. with flgures showing Shat'ting, hanging and care of. by J. Lord . . . 66 Silver and gold waste, hints on saving .. . . . . . . 307 duced. by Prof. Charcot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 arrangement of plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40'2' Shat'tlng, line. how to adjust. by J. Rose . . * 1 90 Sliver bath,how to ascertain the strength of. 64 Sonometer and induction balance. by Geo. M. Stars; an interesting account of the results that Shafting, straightening and rounding machine Sl iver bath. an unalterable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 196 have been obtained from a close study of the

for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . : . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . *200 SI� ver brolnide and chloride, dilferent modiflca- Sonometry by electrical induction . . . . ' . ': . . * 184 solar system in recent years. by Prof. Isaac Shat'ts, method of slOkmg through qmcksands tIOns of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Solids, flow of. by L. S. Ware ; descnption of Sharpless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

by frcezing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ' ; " . . . . *42c,? SI�ver chloride, how to convert into the metal- some of the experim!lnts performed by M. Tre�ca Stars, proper motions of. by Prof: 1;t. Grant . 349 Shaping Inachine, CollIer and Co. s . . . . . . . *7.. hc state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 to demonstrate the httle known fact that sohds Stars, temporary and variable. OrIgln of. by Prof. Shaping machine. rotary. Kreutzberger's . *400 Sliver, how to dissolve from silvered articles.336 are possessed of fluidity under certain circum- Bickerton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Shaping machine. Sharp's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 II 0 Sliver, how to recover from waste gelatine emul- stances; with hypotheses to account for the phe- Stars, the scintillation of and meteorological phe-Shapillg machines. application of elliptical sion plates or. paper. by J. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 nomena observed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *82 nomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 199

wheels to for obtaining the slow advance and Silver InllI, by M. P. Boss. A valuable practical Sound, production of by radiant energy. An In- Statuary, bronze. Titania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 quick return motion. by C. W. MacCord . . . . . * 1 6 paper, giving descriptions and details of the best terestmg paper by Alexander Graham Bell. de- Statuary in sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *407

SheaC-binder a new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 machinery and methods now in practice in the scribing tlie researches of himself and Mr. Tainter Statuary, Postal Union. Hanover . . . . . . . . . . *329 Shearing and punching machine. Berry and U. S .• for the reduction of silver ores .. . . . . . * 1 0 0 on the act.ion of radiant energy upon various Statue, Germania. in the· Niederwald . . . . . . . *4 12

Son's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *09 Sliver mines, remarkable. of Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 solids. liquids. and gases; and their experiments Statue, La Architectura, Monteverde·s . . . . *363 Shearing and punching machine. hydraulic, Sliver nitrate, pencilS of, how to make . . . . . 81 upon substitutes for selenium in electrical I'e- Statile, new. La Tulfolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 8 1

Chapman·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 SlIver nitrate. poisonous · properties of. by Henry ceivers. upon the measurement of the sonorous Statue of Charlemagne, bY' Rochet . . . . . . . . . * 1 39 Shearing Inachlne! Collier's . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . *30 A. Mott, Jr . • Ph.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 elfects produced by dilferent SUbstances. and Statue o f Columbus. new. Madrid . . . . . . . . . . . *36'2' Shearing machine. large. for iron plate. De Silver ores, how to test and work . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 upon the nature of the rays that produce such Stalne of Denis Papin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 204

Berque·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *406 Sliver ores. mode of leaching at Baranca . . . . . 141 elfects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *281 Statue of Galvani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *224 Shearing machine. ll-foot • . Buckton . . . . . . . *302 1 Silver printing, permanent . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 406 Sound, recent wonders of. A lecture by W. H. Statue of Hermes, Praxiteles', Schafer'S restora-Shears, circular, for cutting paper . . . . . . . . . *420 Silver printing. rapid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 44 I Preece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 tion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *394 Shears, hydraulic. Tweddell's . . . . . , . . . . . . . . " *22 Silver, quantitative analysis of. new method. 1 9 Sonnd-tran81Dltter, Dvorack's . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Statue of Joan of Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *258

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. ,PRIOB to CBNTS PER NUMBER. lfCUNN � CO., 861 BRO..4.,DW .. U", NBW :YORK. - IN ORDERING . PLB..4.flB GIrE XHE NUlfC1JBBM.


384 A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLll::MENT.

Statue of " Liberty," Bartholdi's. An account of I Steam engines, liquid fuel for, experiments .. 238 i Ste�l c�lIlpreSSing. A paper by Alfred Davis II Strawberrie .. , winter, ,ugge8tion for . . . . . . . 1 00 the progress o f the work o f construction . . *31 3 Steam engines i n the United States about the ! on the steel compressing arrangements at the Strawbf'rry beds. yearly renewal of . . . . . . . . . 1 9 7

Stat u e of Lorelei, Cauer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *433 year 1801, notes on, by F . Graff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·4.5 ' Barrow works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 I Stream lines, theory of in relation to the resist· Statue of Luther at Eisleben, with an account of Steam engines, marine, young's . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·64 Steel, cracks in, and annealing of . . . . . . . . . . . *335 ance of ships, by ,V . Froude. A paper treat·

festivities on inaugurating it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *414 Steam engines of H.M.S. Nelson . . . . . . . . . . . . *237 Steel, deposition of on copper, solution for . . . 207 ing of the principles which g'overn the behavior Stat u e of Professor Faraday, in the Hall of the Steam engines of ship City of Rome . . . . . . . . -l('248 Steel, ferro.manganese, manufacture of, by M. OD a fluid, with special reference to the re8ist·

Royal Institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *69 Steam engines of ship Hudson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *61 F. Gautier . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ance of ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X·3 , ':'4, -l(' 5 , -l(- 6, '* 8 Statue of William Harvey at Folkestone . . . *300 Steam eng'ines, revol\'ing cylinder, various sys· Steel, fluid, consolidation of, by A. Davis . . . . 202 Strealns, small, utilization of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·240 Statue, . . The African," Cavon's . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 52 tcms of . . . .. . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . : . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . -l('2 1 1 St,:,el, h!lrdening and tempering, theoretical con· S�reet, George Edmun�, the architcct. Biograph. Stealn and mr, superheater for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *258 Steam engmes, smgle actmg, SImple and com· sIderatIOns connected WIth, by C. Roberts . . . 397 lOal sketch and portraIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 8 , * 323 Steam and water joints, how to make, by Joshua pound, Watts' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 79 Steel, hardness of different kinds, simple method Stret(' hing machine. cloth, improved . . . ,f401

Rose. A valuable practical paper . . . . . . . .4 1 , 43 Steam engines of ship I,a France . . . -l('325, ,'(-327 of comparing electro·magnetically . . . . . . . . . 3 Stretching machine fo'r ribbons and tapes. -l('3 89 Steamboat, Fulton's first, with plans reduced Steam engines of steamer Loudoun Castle . . . ')(079 Steel, heated, apparatus for testing . . . . . . . . . *3 32 Stress i n bowstring girders, determination of, by

from the inventor's origin!ll drawings . . . . . ,f273 St�am engines of the steamships Limerick, Mil· Steel, how to anneal in boiling water . . . . . . . . . 233 Lieut. G. S. Clarke . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 70 Steamboat Grand RepublIc, new . . . . . . . . . -l(· 12 1 ford, and Waterford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *88 Steel, how to harden and temper, by Joshua Stress, transverse, m bars of wood, Iron, and Steamboat, iron, Pilgrim, engines of . . . . . -l('349 Steam engines, traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *229 Rose. A vlllnable paper . . . . . . . . . . 95, 1 03, 105 steel, experiments on, by Wm. A. Norton . . . . . 1 8 Steam boat, lake, Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('395 Steam engines, vertical, Bietrix's . . . . . . . . . . *404 Steel ingots, successful rolling of, With their Strikes, a way of preventing, by J. Parton . . 1 96 Steam boat Mary Powell, detailed description of Steam engines, vertical, '1'urner's . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 own initIal heat by John G jers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 60 Strychnine poisoning, treatment of with chloral

her machinery, and an account of her perform. Steam ej ector, Nagel and Kaemp's . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 Steel and iron, preservation of, Bartl' and Bower hydrate, apomorphia, and electricity, by C. M. ance, by Chief Engineer Isherwood, United States S team, escaping, temperature of . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 99 processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 7 Worthington, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 93 Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 88 Steam fi re engine, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *37 1 Steel , its manufacture and working, constitutioG, Su bway and bridge, new, London . . . . . . . . . . ')(0427

Steamboat Silva Americano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *94 Steam tirc engme, .!<'rench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *364 qualities, tempering, etc., by D. Chernotf. A Suction and pressure appar., Muencke's . . . -l(·3 10 Steam boat, the first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1 Steam tire eng'ine, Gould's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 7 valuable treatise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 6 , * 3 7 Sugar and coffee, physiological llction of . . . . . 322 Steam boners (see Boilers). Steam, gas, and air engine, Simon's . . . . . . . . * 1 68 Stee I, magnetization and demagnetization of, by S u gar, beet, apparatus, Daix's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �'34\J1 Stealn cock, Sailler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·425 Steam, g'eneration of, and the thermodynamiC Prof. Mayer . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 Sugar beet in France and Germany, by ,J ohn Steam, compensatory system of generating, problems involved, by W. Anderson . . . . . . . . . 420 Steel, manufacture of, by the Bessemer and Sie· ilparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I)

Cowan's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(042 Steam gcnerator, Herreshoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 mens Martin processes, removal of sulphur in, Su gar beet industry, a plea for its extension in Steam condensation, memoranda on . . . . . 127 Steam .. overnor, (see Governor). by Geo. J. Snelll� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 the United States, by Ernest F. Gennert . . . . 1 66 Steam condenser, Preston's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(041 Steam hammer, (see Hammer). Steel, manufacture of by the Larkin process. 67 Sugar, beet·root, and beet roots, by E. L. Cull. A Steam eJ:linder, losses in, experime,,;ts on . 327 Steam hammer:s, Thwaites' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(0396 Steel manufacture ; eliminatio� of pbosphorus in process of Buga!' exkaction for farn:ers . . . . . . . 8 3 SteaDl dIstrIbution without eccentrICS, D e La· Steam, how I t mcreases ItS own heat . . . . . . . . . 8 3 the Bessemer converter, b y SIdney G . 'J'homas, Sugar-cane mIlls, Improvements m . . . . . * 1 56

harpe's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 1 Steam i n water. A theory t o account for the im· F'.C.S., and Percy C . Gilchrist, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 Sugar from beet·root, strontia process of extract· Steam dredger for port of Colon, new . . . . -l('43 1 mense force and disastrous effects of boiler ex· Steel manufacture, the basic, dephosphorizing ing' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Steam, dynamical power of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 plosions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 5 process in, by Jacob Reese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 85 Su gar from corn, manufacture of, Hirsch pro· Steam e ng-ine and boiler for navy cutters . . -l(·32 Steam launch, (see Launch). Steel, nitrogen in, by A. H . Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25\J1 Steam engine and bOiler, portable, Shapley . . -l('3 1 Steam launch, very fast ; description of a small, Steel, on the hardening, tempering, and anneal· Sugar from maize and sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Steam engine, twin·screw, Wilson's . . . . . . . . . . *68 high speed propeller launch designed to carry ing of. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . 221 , 222 Sugar, grape, and glucose, process of manufac· Steam engine and boiler, vertical Shanks' . . . . ·X·8 7 eight or ten persons; with perspeCl;ive view, ele- Steel, recent progress in the manufacture and tu1'e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Steam engine and boiler, vertical, 'l'urner's . *64 vational section, and plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1 applications of, by Prof. A. K. Hunting'ton.298 S u gar, how made in Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Steam engine and clay mill Jackson's . . . . . . . . *70 Steam power, application of to road locomo· StAel, tempered, molecular rigidity of, as indio Sugar luaking. An acconnt of the experiments St e am engine and fire pump combined, Shand, tion, centenary of, by M. Macfie. . . . . . . . . . 424 cated by the induction balance, by Prof. D. E. ot Prof. Collier in manufacturing sugar from

Mason, and Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1,408 Steam power, cost of, by C. E. Emery . . . . . . . . 429 Hug'hes, F.R.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75 sorghum, showing the practicability of making Steam engine and vacuum pump, combinE'd, Steam power, economic, by W. B. Le Vall . . . 360 Steel tempering furnaces, Armstrong's . . . -l(· 1 3 the latter one of the best paying' crops of the

Gleason's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 Stealn pressure regulator, D'Arsonval's . . . . -l(·277 Steel, treatment of for the construction of ord· country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Steam engine, automatic cut·off, Ide's . . . . . ')(0424 Steam quieter ; apparatus t o deaden the sound nance and other purposes, by SIr W . G . Arm· Sugar, malt, preparation and use o f i n brewing, Steam engine, beam, 100 h. p., Windsor's . . . -l(' 1 7 8 of escaping stf.·am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(0 196 strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 5 by W . G . Valentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9, 22, 25 , 28 Steam engine, bellows, Reilley's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,(- 1 2 Steam shut-oW automatic, Hughes' . . . . . . . . * 89 Steel, Sheffield, process of manufacturing, by Sugar manufacture, app. for, MackenzlC . . . �. 262 Steam engine, box, improved, Outridge's . . ·X· 1 1 4 Steam Sloops, American, machinery of . . . . *57 Prof. W. M. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40 Sugar, manufacture of from maize, by H. H. Stcam engine, cannon, man, and the insect con· Steam, superlieated, economy of for saturated Steel, Siemens.Martin, by Sergius Kern .. . . . . 239 liarland, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

sidered a s mechanical motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 4 steam, by t:l. N. Carrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72 Steel, soft, and ingot iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Sugar Dlill" multiple· pressure, new . . . . . . . ,(-I 8 8 Steam engine, compound beam, Borsig's . . . ')(0 3 4 4 Stealn, superheating, Carvalho'S system . . . ·* 1 12 Steel, solid, application of to small arms, projec· S ugar prO duction, domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 §team engine, compound, Brotherhood's . . -l(' 1 3 8 Ste anl trolly, Cooke's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 tiles, and ordnance by F . Gautier . . . . . . . . . . 'X'309 Sugar sirups, bleaehing' b y ozone, by Dr. A . R. Steam engine, compound, Corliss, English . . . ·X·65 Steam, water in, measurem't, by P. Guzzi. .* 1 1 4 Steel, some new suggestions in regard to, by W. Lceds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Steam engine, condensing, and novel valve gear, Steamer Albatross, U. S. Fish Commission.-l(·408 Anderson, M.LC.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 S u gar, starch, a new method of refininganderys·

Sulzer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X· 146 SteaDIer, arctic, Eira, sinking of . . . . . . . . . . . 'X' 356 Steel, spring and tool, hints on tempering . . . . 7 1 tailizing, by Dr. F. Soxhlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 5 Steam engine, condensing, 100 h . p . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 3 1 Steamer, arctic, Jeannette, loss of . . . . . . . . . * 3 39 Steel, strength of, influence of surface condition Sugar, starch, detectIOn of i n cane sugar, by P. Steam engine, comp'd, Farcot's . . . . ,(0366, -l('388 Steamer Austral, remarkable sinking of . . . *372 on. A paper describing the results of experi. Casamajor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Steam engine, comp'd, plowing, Fowler's . . -l('368 Steamer, catamaran, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *225 ments recently undertaken in England to ascer· Sugar, unrefined, some of the microscopic �()n· Steam engine, comp'd, for yachts, Copley . . -l('341 Steamer, hydraulic.reaction, Maginot and Pi· tain the strength of steel under variable surface tents of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 26 Steam engine, compound, Galloway's . . . . . . *305 nette's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('302 Sugars of commerce, a method of practically de· Steam engine, comp'd horizontal, 8ulzer's . ,'(-3 7 4 Steamer Inflexible, British, armament of . . -l('8 Steel, varying condition of carbon in, and its in· termining the value of, by H. A. Mott, Jr . . . . 222 Steam engine, compound, Kingdon's . . . . . . . ')(0242 Steamer, ironclad, Independencia, Brazil . . * 1 1 7 fluence on Eggertz's coloration process, by J. S. Sulphate oC anllnonia ; description of the Steam engine, compound, portable, Marshall, Steamer, ironclad, Inflexible, BritIsh . . . . . . * 122 Parker, F.I.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 248 mode of manufacture and of the apparatus em·

Sons, and Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *265 SteaDier, ironclad, Italia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X'257 Steel, why does it harden ? by William Metcalf, ployed, by G. E. Stevenson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('268 . Steam engine, compound, small, of the Macdon· Steamer, ironClad, Richelieu, destruction .. *270 C. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223, 224 Sulphide oC carbon and alcohol, solidification

nel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1('233 Stealuer La N ormandie, engines of . . . . . . . . . *402 Steelyard without weights, Tengelin's . . . . . -l('25 8 of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 86 Steam engine, compound, theory o f . . . . . . . . *204 Steamer, light d.raught, stern·wheel . . . . . . . * 1 08 Steer�ng apparatus, pneumatic, Baird and Sulphur chlOride, manufacture of, by J . Car-Steam engme, CorlIss, l00� h. p . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(0286 Steamer Lord of the Isles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(�92, *96 LewIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(02 tel' Hell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Steam engine for twin·screw propellers, Whit· Steamer Manhattan, cylindroid . . . . . . . . . . . *21 8 Steering apparatus, Bow and McLachlan . . . ')(0 1 3 Sulphur in spent oxide, apparatus for estimating',

ing's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('9 Steamer Montana, stern·wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 72 Steering apparatus, Kunstadler's . . . . . . . . . ,'(- 1 36 by H. Leicester Greville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('342 Steam engine for underground hauling, Stevens'. Steamer, new, for the Mexican National Con· Steering apparatus, Wilson and Co. 's . . . . . . * 3 32 Sulphur, its distribution in naturc and its chemi·

* 149 struction Company, specifications of . . . . . . . . . 282 Steering gear, hand and steam, Rogers' . . -l(·259 cal compounds, by C. Ehrmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39'7 Steam engine frame, new, Finney's . . . . . . . . . . -l('6 Steamer, new, Invicta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 3 Steering gear, Heathorn's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *208 Sulphur, quickSilver, and borax of Califor . . 3 8 Steanl engine, Hampson, Whitehill, and Co . . ·)(o26 Steamer, new, propelled by water jets, .I<'leisch. Steering gear, hydraulic, Lafargue's . . . . . . * 1'.12 . S u . phur, recovery of from alkali waste by Steam engine, high speed, Hidcalgh's . . . . . . *397 e1" s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *308 Steering gcar, steam, Higllinson and Co.'s, Wig. I SCllUtfner and Hellbig's process . . . . . . . . . . -l(·345 Steam engine, horizontal, a method of com· Stealner, portable, Le Stanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 zell's, and Donkin and Nichol's . . . . . . . . . . . . *334 Sulphureted hydrogen app. Kahler's . . . *258

pounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *121 Steamer, torpedo, Polyphemus . . . . -l('291 , *297 Stereoscope and its uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 143 Sulphureted hydrogen generator, new, by P. Steam engine, horizontal, Belgian . . . . . . . . . . -l(·260 Stealner Hiverdale, exploded boilers of . . . . *40'7 Stereoscopes for large pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 Casamajor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 Steam engine, horizontal, improved . . . . . . . . *248 Steamer, steel, Merton Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 32 5 Stereoscopic transparency printing, Breese's Sulphureted hydrogen, new method of pre· Steam engine, horse·power of, to estimate . . . 253 Stealner, stern·wheel, light draught, new . -1(,398 method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 paring', by J. Fletcher, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Steam engine, horizontal, Bertram's . . . . . . . . . 7('93 Steamer Thetis, propeller and shaft of . . . . . . . * 81 Stereotypes, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Sulphuric a d d apparatus, experimental, by Steam engine, improvements made in during the Steamer Trenton, U. S., crank·shaft of . . . . . . 'X'2'7 Stereotyping and stereotype machinery . . ·)(o 19 1 Al1red 8enier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('3 79

last half century, by J. Bourne . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Steamer, twin·screw, shallow.draught, for the Stethoscope, flexible, Paul's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *302 S ulphuric acid, apparatus for concentrating Ste am engine, a very interesting history of the HiveI' Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*394 Stevenson, George. A comprehensive account :Faure and Kessler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 7

rise of and its progress up to the time of Jamcs Steamer Vera Cruz, engine of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 5 of the life and labors of the father of railways, S ulphuric aCid, boiler for treating organic Watt, by C. M. Percy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Steamer, war, Bacchante, British . . . . . . . . . . * 193 illustrated with a portrait, a view o f his birth· matters with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *433

Steam engine, light, for balloons . . . . . . . . *286 Steamer, war, Duilio, Italian, new . . . . . . . . . ')(0 142 place and of the first railway coach and loco· Sulphuric acid, concentrating apparatus . ·)(o32'7 Steam engine, marine, Vile's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('200 Steamers, ironclad, Austrian, novel features in, motive, and with a cut showing' the difference S nlphul'ic acid, tower for, G lover's . . . . . . . *258 Steam engine, Messenger and Co. 's . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 6 by K J . J:teed, C.B., M .P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(024 between the earliest and latest locomotives*290 Sulphuri c acid, manufacture of, Drumlen's ap· Steam engine, mult.i.cylinder, Billings' . . . . . . -l('22 Steamers, light·draught, paddle engine for, Sties, a cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 7 paratus for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Steam engine, new, Bernay's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 77 Wilson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(077 Still, bromine, new, Arvine's . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . *60 S u lphurous acid a s a disinfectant, b y T . W. Steam engine, non· piston ag'e of, by Wm. Mann. Steamers, mail, Irish, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 5 Still, Egrot's, for continuous distillation . . . *2 52 Keates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8

Historical notes o n antique and modern inven· SteaDlers, new rig for, Forbes' . . . . * 3 82, *391 Still for essential oils, Heywood and Co's . . *292 Sun and certain of the fixed stars, relative ages tions, or suggestions of engines for raising water Steamers, ocean, criticisms on the forms of and Still-head and condenser, new, Rice's . . . . . . . -l('95 of, by Prof. Daniel Kirkwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 by steam without the use of a piston . . . . . * 1 1 5 the arrangement of state·rooms and spaces for Still, portable, Joya's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 6 Sun and other intense lights, photometry of . 3 79

Steam errg!ne of �h.e Vera Cruz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *5 5 cargo, machinery, and fuel, by R. B. Forbes. 5� Stills, ,stationary al!d portable, Egr<?t's . . . . . -l(.� 5 3 Sun, constitution of as revealed by photography, Steam engme, orlgm of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 Steamers, paddle, waves raIsed by, and theIr Stitclllng machine for bookbmders, NeId· by Mr. Janssen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 Steam engine, oscillating, Fournier & Co. 'So * 1 8 4 positions relative to the wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . '�'2 8 3 linger's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 Sun, cosmical bombardment of, theory of comet-Steam engine, oscillating, small, for actuating a ,steamers, stern· wheel, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('21 7 Stlve room, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 30 ary impact on the solar system, the velocity of

pump, Lemonnier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *376 Steamers, war, Dolphin, Atlanta, and Chicago. Stoker, mechanical, Henderson ·s . . . . . . . . . . . . 7(. 77 collision, and heat equivalent of velocity, by Ed-Stealn engipe, Outridge . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *274 , . . -l('432 Stoker, mechan!cal, M:cDOI?�all's . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·250 gar L. Larki'} . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Steam engme, paddle, for lIght draught steam· Steamship, armor· plated, AdmIral Duperre, Stoker, mechamcal, SmclaIr s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(. 3 7 5 S u n darkenlngs, hIstorICal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7'

boats, Wilson and Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 77 .!<'rench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 9 8 Stokers and smoke preventers, mechanical . . 90 Sun dial, new, Grootten's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 259 Steam engine, Pittler and Elze's . . . . . . . . . . . . *320 Steamship Britannic, compound engines . . . *51 Stone a ge, how implements were made in, by B . Sun, distance of, new method of determining', by SteaDl engine, portable, and novel valve gear, Stealnship City of Home ; g'eneral description, B. Hedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 98 '1'. S. H. Eytinge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 8

Armitage and Ruston's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('49 with sectIOns showing the arrangement of her Stone, artificial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54, 3 5 5 SUII, eclipse of, Dec. 31, 1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *289 Steam engine, propeller. novel, by Prof. C. W. engines and boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *248 Stone, artificial and cement·beton . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Sun, eclipse of, Jan. 11 , 18�0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

MaceoI'd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 Stealnship City of Home, largest mercantile ship Stone crusher, oscillating, Motte's . . . . . . . *147 Sun, eclipse of, May 6, 1883 . . . . . 400, 401 , -l(·402 Steam engine, reversing gear for, West's . . -l(· 1 3 6 afloat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, *307 Stone cutting machine, Atchison's . . . . . ,X· 1 69 Sun, eclipse of, 1878, as seen in the United States, Steam eng'ine, Robertson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 Steamship, Cunard, Servia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 Stone cutting machine, McDonald's . . . . . . . . -l(' 396 report on by J. J\orman Lockyer and by Prof. Steam engine, rolling mill, Corliss . . . . . . . . . ')(0232 Steamship, double rudder and movable propel. Stone cutting, tools used in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 Henry Draper and R. A. Proctor . . . . . . . . . . . * 144 Steam engine, rotary, Comber's . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 1 1 IeI', by Captain Sadler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 Stone dressing mach., Brunton and Trier.* 1 32 Sun engine, Ericsson's . . . . . . *70, *21 8 , -l('422 Steam engine, rotary, Hodson's . . . . . . . . . . . . *267 Steamship, double·screw, Almirante Brown. Stone grinding and polishing machine, Salmon S u n , how to tell the distance of, by E. L. Larkin. Steam engine, rotary, Pinchbeck's . . . . . . . . . . ')(0397 *296 and Crossland's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('261 348 Steam engine, rotary, Titus' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 19 Stealnshlp Dunrobin Castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 49 Stone, lithographic, whence derived . . . . . . . . 81 Sun, oxygen in, Prof. Draper's account of the dis-Ste a m engine, semi· portable, Fowler's . . . . . -l(' 1 3 1 Steamship Gallia, Cunard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *202 Stone masonry and building stones, nomencla· covery of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 93 StQam engine, single·acting, how t o make a sim· SteamshIp G . S . Blake and her apparatus . ')(0398 ture of, by J . James R . Croes, William E. Merrill, Sun, i n what way i t gives light and heat . . . . . . 266

pie form of costing five dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . *279 Steamshi p, ironclad, Agamemnon, British . 199 and Edgar B. Van Winkle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 S u n , probable origin and age of. An interesting Steam engine, spherical, Heenan and Co.'s.*403 Steamship La Normandie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *366 Stone sawing machinery, by H. Conradi . . *54 paper, by James Croll, LL.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 Steam engine, straw and coal burning, Garrett's. Steamship Orient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *204 Stone working machines and tools . . . . . . . . . 1 14 Sun , proper motion of i n space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88

*87 Steamship Violet, o f the London and North· Stones. what to do with on farms . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 17 Sun, results o f recent investigat.ions on, by Prot'. Steam engine, 8 h.p., portable, Wallis and western hailway Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *386 Stopcock , an easily constructed . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 86 C. A. young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14

Stevens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 SteaDlship, waF, Inflexible, British . . . . . . . . * 3 1 6 Stopper, asbestos, for combustion tubes, how t o Sun, the, by S . P. Langley. A valuable paper. Steam engine, three.cylinder,.Willan's . . . . . . . ')(05 Steamships, hlgh·speed, Lundborg's. A design make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 87 *212, -l('214, *21 6, *21 7, *21 8 Steam engine, 3·cylinder, Drotherwood's . . . . -l('25 for an ocean passenger steamer, which, while af· Stoppers, glass how to remove when fixed . . 372 Sun, the distance of, recent researches on, by R. Steam engine, traction, 8 h. p. , improved . . ·)(o 1 6 1 fording ample space for passengers and cargo, Stoppers, glass' etc., how to manipulate . . . -l('290 S . Ball, LL.D. An interesting paper . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 Steam engine, traction, McLaren's . . . . . . . . *394 has been prepared with the primary object of at· Storage batteries (see Batteries). Sunj the spots on, by Camille Flammarion . . . . ·X·9 Steam cngine, traction, Fowler's . . . . . . . . . . . ·)(0 1 8 0 taining a speed of twenty to twenty·one knots Stove, charcoal, a cheap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·IH 86. Sun ight and skylight at high altitudes, by Capt. Steam engine, traction, Marshall's . . . . * 5 6, -l(. 7 1 With a small expendIture of power . . . . . . . . . *294 Stove' chimney in enameled earthenware . . * 3 6 4 A bncy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(. 3 63 Steam engine, traction, Robey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ')(06 St�amship .. of the navy, m�st !,conomical speed Stove, drying, for printed sheets, Renault .. *304 Suns, the universe of, by R. A. Proctor . . . . -l('426 Steam engine, traction, 8 h. p. , for common for, by John Lowe, P. A. Engmeer U. S. Navy. Stove, gas, See'8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41 5 Sunshi ne recorder, Stokes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·)(0 336

roads . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *85 ,'(- 198 Stove, gas, Schonheyder's . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *352 Sunshine recorder, Whil?ple's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X·369. Stea,n;t engme, twm, for WIre rope feed works, Steamships, rudder.power, by R. Clar� . . . �' 1 34 Stove�heat.ec,I rooms, the aIr of. A paper by W. Sunstroke, treatment Of .. . ,' : . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . * �9

Allts . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . -l('403 Steam, the specific heat of. An exammatIOn of Mattleu Wllhams . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Sunken vessels, app. for IIftmg, Archer s.. 1 ,,4 Steam engme, vertICal, and expanSIOn gear, Regnault's theory b'l J. Macfarlane Gray . . . 342 Stove, hot·blast, WeImer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('45 Superphosphates, home·made . . . . . . . . 8 5 , 1 7 1

Weatherhogg's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 61 Steam, the quality' 0 by John W. Hill . . . . . . 302 Stove, smoke·consuming, Mousseron·s . . . . . . * 3 6 4 SurCace-pla tes or planometers, and scra ped Stea� engine, vertical, with reversing gear, Tur. Steam trap, Peyer's: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4 ] Stoves, hot·air, and hot· water chimneys . . . *21 3 s,:!rfaces, by . Josh,:!a R;0se. A valuable paper,

ner s . . ; . . . .. . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . * I ] � !!team tro�p, Hemptinne's . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . *32'7 Stov�s, hot blast, how to compute the heatmg glVm!l' practICal dIrectIOns for .the scrapmg of Steam engme, WlgZ!"1l and Halsey s . . . . . . . . . *7" Steam tug for canals, new, Byrne s . . . . . .. . . . . *3 surface of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 �orkmg flaL surfaces, and s�owmg how the .sur. Steam eng,nle, 4."ylmder, Abraham'S . . . . . . *422 Stealn, water mechanically suspended m, mea· Stoves, gas. A paper by Dr. James Adams . 228 face·plate I S to be used durmg the course of the Steam cngm.e, 6 h. p., Farcot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *421 surement of, by P. Guzzi, C.E . . . . . * 1 1 4, *395 Stoves, gas, apparatus for regulatmg the temper. operatIOn . . . : . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 � Steam engme, 40 h.p., Ruston, Proctor, and Steam wheel, Thomas' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *288 ature of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X·263 Su rgery, antIseptIC, new apparatus for, by L. F .

Co.'s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 1 30 Steam yacht (see Yacht). Stove .. , grass burning, Mennonite . . . . . . . . . . * 1 32 Sass. M . D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X·73 Steam engine, 10 h . p., Watte's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 Steaming apparatus for printed textiles . . ·* 143 Stoves, hot blast, Cowper's. Illustrations o f the Surgical and dental operations, the successful Steam engi!'le, 50J h. p., ,?ompound, .Sellers' .* 128 Ste�rine, saponifica�ion, acidification, and distill. general arrange.mente o� a pl!-ir of Cowper's administration of nitrous oxide for, by Dr. E. P. Steam engmes and bOIlers for hIgh pressures, atlOn of, apparatus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *403 stoves for blowmg a pall' of fUrnaces, and a Howland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 297

Perkins' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('8 1 Steel and iron (see Iron and Steel). short description of the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . '*23 5 Surveying by compass, by Prof. FranCIS E. Steam engines and boilers of the steamer Lord of Steel and iron wire ; effect of immersion in acidu· Stoves, regenerative. A sketch of their history Nipher . . . . . . . . . '. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4

the Isles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('92 lated water, by Prof. D . E . Hughes . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 7 and notes o n their use, b y J . N . Hartman . '*235 Survey s, geodetIC, apparatus for . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 1 63 Steam engines' as compared with gas . . . . . . . . . 368 Steel and steel· like metals, neutralization of Straightening nlachinet for rails . . . . . . . . . * 53 Surveying, underground, instrum't for . . . -l('271 Steam engines, coal consumed by pel' horse· phosphorus in, by Richard Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Straightening machine, n� dr",ulic, for boiler Swamp m u ck , the nature of, and its value in

power per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Steel and other ingots, apparatus for reducing, making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·300 agriculture, by Dr. James R. NIChols . . . . . . . . 320 Steam engines, compound, disconnecting, for a Billings' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·25 Straight line , how to draw, by A. B. Kempe, S,veeny, how to treat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

tug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239 Steel , articles of, how to harden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 B.A., with 33 engravings. An important essay Sweeper, railroad.track. Olmstead's . . . . . . . . -l(·9'7 Ste.,.m engines, compound, disconnecting, for Steel, Bessemer, a brief history of, by Mr. �esse. on t)Ie several. mech.anisms. for .drawing mat)Ie. Swe�ts, our. An interestipg' and comprehensive

drtvmg twm screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 5 mer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '�' 1 8 3 matICally straIght. lInes ; dIrectIOns for makmg artICle on sweets and theIr adulterants ; the use Steam engines, compound, economy of, by W. Steel, Bessemer, and steel rails, manufacture of, simple ins�ruments for this purp?se ; b�au�iful of glucose in candies; artificial honey and honey.

Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·341 by U. B. Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 24 mathematICal problems ; geometrICal prmCIples comb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 4 Ste .... m engines, compound three.cylinder, of ship Steel, Bessemer, �m the use of a mechanical agita· involved ; and full descr�Ption of all, tbe J?ost Sw!mming apparatus, Boynton's . . . . . . . -l(·14�

Orwnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*204 tor III the manufacture of, by W. D. Allen.* 3 16 succes8ful apparatus . . . *84, * 8 5 , '* 86, ,f 8 7 SWIne, how t o breed and manage, b y A . . � . Steam engines, compound, with Ashworth's vari· Steel bloomery, Catalan, by Prof. W. M. Wil· Strain Indicator, Stromeyer's . . . . . . . . . . . ·*257 Rollins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 7

ablc expansion gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 Iiams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·40 Strains in structures, apparatus to measure, Clev· Switch-controller, electrIC, Lart,guc'S . . *315 Steam engines, Corliss, at the Centennial . . . . *26 Steel. cast, manufacture and uses of, by Henry enad's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *252 Symblepharon, cure of, by A. W. Calhonn, Steam engines, early, at the Loan Exhib . . . *45 Seebohm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Straw lumber, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Steam engines, economy of fuel in, results of ex· Steel casting, apparatus for, Scott's . . . . . . * 1 26 Straw rope, machine for making . . . . . . . . . . *341

periments.on in England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19 Steel, casting, use of alloys ,!f silicon and manga· Strawberr! es, how to cultivat!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Steam engmes for small boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 1 0 8 Bese to prevent blow· holes III, by S. Kern . . . . . 8 1 StrawberrI es, how to grow III pots . . . . . . . 9 1 Steam engines, torpedo boat, Normand's . . . *261 Steel castings, solid. Abstract o f a paper by F . Strawberries, how t o transplant . . . . . . . . . . 423 Steam engines, horizontal ;non·condensing, pro· Gautier, with remarks thereon by Mr. Bessemer Strawberries, preparing soil for . . . . . . . . . . . 209

portions of, by M. W. Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 and others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Strawberries, summer mulching of . . . . . . . . 8 8 Table and chair, design for . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . * 2 1 3 Table, carved, design for . . . . . . . . . . *26� , -l('284 Table from Berry Castle, noar Paris . . . . . . -l('74

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS PR IOE 1Q OENTS EAOH NUMBER. MUNN d: 00., 861 BROADWAY, NEW 'i"OR7C. - IN ORDERING PLEASE GIVE THE NUMB ERS.


A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CON'rAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AME RICAN SUPPLEMENT. 385

Tableaux, colored fires for, how to make and Telephone Jines, inductiOJ� in, by J. W. urqu- ! Thread lace, AmerIcan mode of making' . . -X-34 how to use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 7 hart, C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 1 Thresher and horse power, Hofherr's . . . . . . -X-49 Tac�ygrap�, Meresse's, for enlargiI_ or re- 'relephone, Lippens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,(,4 06 Throat di seases, vapors for inhalation in, six ducIng drawIngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *332, ,*399 Telcpltone, micro, Dunand·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*350 formulm for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 Tackle, lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 19 'relepltone, microphone. Luedtge's . . . . . . . . '* 193 ThunderstorJDs, by Prof. 'I'ait. An instructive Tacks, Iron, how to tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 'rel ephone, micro, Trouvc's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 56 paper upon a little understood subject . . . . . . 254 Takiug-up JDo�ion, Sal!'ar's improved . . . *2.�7 Telephone, new form of, by J. M. Romanis. Tidal and river-water indicators. new . . . . . *3 Tan-bark pressIngmachIne . . . . . . . . . . . . . *330 * 1 1 7 Ti dal pier, Egerton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-.� 7 Tanner's (Dr.) forty days' fast . . . . -l(-242, -l(-244 Telephone, Philipp Reis the inventor of, b y S . Tide-po_ers, improved b y A . Mallory . . . . *27 Taunic aCid, apparatus for estimating. by HiI' P . 'I'hompson, B.A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 3 Ti des, causes of, new theory reg'arding, by Prof. WIlliam 'I'homson, F.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 9 Telephonc, Pollard's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 7 Elias Schneider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 Tannic acid a s a preventive o f frilling and blis- 'relephonc, Preece's improvements in ; Edison's Tides, high, hypothetical, a s agents o f geolog'ical tel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 recent telephonic inventions ; Lyon's new trans· change, by VI'. J. S . Newberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Tannic acid, various methods used in its deter- mitting tplephones ; Niaudet-Breguet's watch Tides, influence of in lengthening the day. by mination, vttlues of, by N. H. Darton . 3 3 1 , 339 telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 Dr. Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Tannin from sweet fern, a new industry . . . . 1 0 1 Telephone receiver, alabaster, Gatehouse and TiJDber, modern substitute for, in building . . 252 Tan nin, proportion of in the bark of some of Kemp's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,(-380 TiJDber, pine. effect of prolonged stress upon the tree3 of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Telephone receiver. new form of, Blyth's . . 246 strength and elasticity of, by Prof. R. H. Thurs-Tanning ; a paper on the first preparation of Telephone receiver, 'I'heiler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 green hIdes and upon mineral tanning . . . . . . . 273 Telephone, Reis', with his descriptIOn . . . . *389 'riJDber, preservation of. A valuable paper. by Tanning liquor for textile fabrics, recipe . . . . . 39 Telephone signal, vibrating bell, Jacobi's.*345 W. Putnam, A.S.C.E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Tanning process, improved, Heinzerling's . . 208 Telephone, sound and the, by Clarence J. T!JD ber, protection of ag'ainst the teredo . * 1 1 3 Tanll!ng pr�cess, !lew, Johnston's . . . . . . . -X· 5 5 Blake, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 8 TIIll ber, unconsldered nses of . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7, 168 'ranlllng, sCl.once m . by.H. R . Proctor . . . . . . 96 Tel epholle, static, by Prof. A . E . Dolbear . . 405 TiIlle, a glimpse through the corridors of. An Tapers, turmng' and fittmg, by Joshua Rose. A 'relephone system, Brown and Saunders' . ·*326 interesting paper by Prof. H. S. Ball. showing valuable prac;tical paper . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . ; . * 1 8 'relephone system, Dr. Herz's . . . -l(-27 '1 , -l(- 3 1 2 the important effect that the tides exert i n modi-Ta'pestry. pamted and woven, desIg'ned for the I Telel)holle, '1'e"tu's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('406 fying the rotatIOn of the earth, and how such 1'0-CIty Hall of Lyons, by A. Dennelle . . . . . . . * 7 5 Telephone, the first ; description of Reis' instru. tation will , at some epoch, become so slow that Tape-,vorJD, remydY for, by E. Freeman . . 50 ment. by SIlvanns P. Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . * 395 our months will consist of but a single day . . 322 Tapioca, how cultIVated and prepared for mar- Telephone, the real inventor of, by 1If. Schup- 'riJDe, astronomical, instrument for marking. ket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 pert, M.lI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 Horn's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 3 Tapping and scr�win.g I,?achine, Bowker's . . -l(- 1 1 Telephone transmitters, Munro's . . . . . . . . -l(·383 TiJDe globes, Juvet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-257 Tap for �ffervescmg IIqm<!s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27 i'i Telepholle transmission by sing'le wire and 24 TiJDe-regulator, city, Collin's . . . . . . . -l(' 1 60 Taps, frICtIOnless, by Prof. .T. E. t'lweet . . . . . . *43 Ader telephones, Moser's system . . . . . . . . . . *406 TiJDe, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *428 Taps, how. constructed and how used. A valn- Telephone, trumpet, Herz's . . . . . . . . . . . . *339 TiIlle, telling the, by Prof. Waldo. An interest-able practICal paper. by Joshua Rose . . . . . . . * 4 6 Telephone, working, how to make. by Goo. M. ing account of the instruments used III observa-Taps, �ooden, how to proservo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Hopkins. A valuable practical paper, contain- tories for determining time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Tar dlst!llerie�" h,ow to extmguish fires in. hy i�lg directions for the constructiO!' of a c�eap, Thne, true, how taken by regular stellar obspr-Watso,! SmI�h, F .c.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 SImple telephone ; WIth five wOl'inng drawmgs, I vatlOns. by W. W. Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Tartar�c aOld, process of manufacture, by R. and view showing line in pra<·tical operation ; Tin can JDachinery, Norton's . . . . . . . . . . . . ,X· 398

Worthmgton .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 with full instructions how to makc the magnets , Tin, crystallization Of. experiment on . . . . . . -l(·262 Tea, adulteratIOns of, method of testing, by A. W. size, and arrangement of wire. etc . . . . . . . . ,(, 1 42 Tin crystals, method of manufacture and char-Blyth . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Telephonic Indicator of the torsion and re- toristic reactIOns of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Tea, toxlO effects of, by Dr. yr. Morton: . . . . . . 2 10 volving speed of machine axles. by C. Hesio . 343 Tin-foil, application of to wall and woodwork Teeth, _apparatus for rotatmg m theIr sockets, Teleph ony, long distance, and Bennett's trans- dccoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 by J . N . Farrar, D.D.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . * 103 lators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-373 Tin, how melted on a playing card . . . . . . . . . . '�'243 T(leth, cements for the ; and chemICal and phy- Tele-photography, method of, and apparatus Tin plate, how to erystallize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 sICal effects of different fillings upon. b y <-'h"rles for sending pictures by telegraph . . . . . . . . -l(-28 0 'rin, removal of from tin scraps, Gutensohn's pro-Mayr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 291 Tele-photography, by Hhelford Bidwell . ·*290 cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 Teeth, how to keep clean and in good condItlou. Telesco pc, catadioptric, Henry's . . . . . . . . * 1 8 4 Tin ",craps, removal of tin from by electricity, by C. E. FranCIs .. D.D.H . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . : . . . . . 4 1 4 Tele .. cope, equatorial, simple. how to make. by by N. S. KeIth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Teeth, oxychlorIde of zmc as a til lIng for, and K Lasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 1 Tires and axles, steel for, by Benj. Baker . . . 332 combmati.on and therapeu�ic actiOn, of somc till- Telescope, equatorial, stand. simple, how to Tires, machine for short'ng and welding.-l(- 149 Ing matenals, by D. D. SmIth, D.D.S . . . . . : . . 1 � 1 make, by '1'. D. Simonton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 7 8 Titration, apparatus for, Stock's . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 69 T�eth, repl�ntmg. and a new method of mgraft- Telescope for amateurs. Newtonian. directions To bacco at the Paris Exhibition. Valuable de-

mgporcelam crowns on natural roots, by G. W. for makmg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 79 tails of tobacco culture ; how to raise a good Weld. D.D.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 99 'relescope, how to make, by G. M. Hopkins. burning tobacco ; how to raise mild or strong to-Tel.e(ltroscop�; i'\enlecq's apparatus for traps- Direc�ions, accompanied with a complete set of bacco. as required ; statistics of culture in Yari-

mIttlllg to a dIstance, throug� a telegraph WIre,., workmg drawings to a scale, whereby any per- ous countries of thc world ; particulars of snuff pICtures taken on the plate of a camera . . . *271> son may easily construct, at small cost, a very manufactures, and the manufacture and flavor-Telegraph, American rapid, in England . . ·X-270 effective instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *252 ing of chewing and smoking tobacco ; the most Telcgraph, apparatus for transmitting pictur('R Telescope, how to try and how to use, by L. approved processes and apparatus ; manufacture b� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-28 0 Niesten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 of cigars and ('igarettes ; statistics of annllal con-Telegraplt, autographic, D'Arlincourt's . . -* 166 Telcscope, modern. and what it has done for sumption and production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 33, 1 36 Telegraph cable, new kind of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 5 astronomy, b y J.N. Lockyer.*107, *108 , -l(- 1 1 4 Tobacco drier, Chapin's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 8 Telegraph cable, underground, Brooks' .. . . . . 198 Telescope, reflecting'. Bessemer's . . . . . . 1 95 'ro bacco, estimation of nicotine in . . . . . . 'X- 1 7 4 Te] egraph cables and the aurora borealIs. ·*288 'releseope reflectors, machine for polishing'. Tobacco inebriety, by Dr. A. B. Arnold . . . . . 294 Telegraph cables, submarine. apparatus for Grubbs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('4'1 'robacco, notes on, by W. K. Glover. An inter-worlnng, 'rhomson's . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . -l(- 1 3 Teleseope, small stand for. how to make . . ,*374 csting' paper, giving in a condensed form the his-Telegraph cables, submarme, how laId and re- Telescope, the most powerful in existence. by tory and chemical composition of the plant, and paired, by A. Jamieson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *280 E. Neison, F.R.A.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 the mode of manufacturing its lea yes into cigars. Telegraphy, eleAltric. speaking, Prof. Bell's. * 5 8 Telescopes, eye pieces for . . . . . . . . . . . . '*399 snuff. and other commercial products . . . . . . . 196 Telegraph, electrlO. the first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8 Telescopes, eye pIeces for, Nystrom's . . . . . . . * 7 Toluidines, reactions of. and method of prep-'relegraph, electrI,!. hIstory of, by August �uer- Telescopes, improvements in, by Fritsch and aration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0

out . . . . . . . . *3 84, *404, -l(-405, *425, ,*437 Forster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *220 Tongue, appearance o f I n dIsease, b y D r . • J . A. Telegraph, electro-mechanical, Smith's . . . . *5 Telescopps, large, relative power of . . . . . . . 1 1 Henning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Telegraph, electro-motor, Phelps' . . . ,(, 5 3, ,f 56 'relescope .. , refracting. how constructed . . . * 1 Tongue diseases of, by Dr. J. Hut(·hinson . . 399 Telegraph, facsimile, Sawyer's . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X- 1 9 Telescopic screen, for viewing' sun spots, by B. Tool-grinder, Thomson, Sterne, and Co.'s . . *28 Telegraph, tield. without battery ; the Prlls- Templar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 4 1 Tool-grinding machinc. Mowrer's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0

sitm. Russmn, and French systems . . . . . . . . *377 TeletherJDoJDeters, air, Rousseau's . . . . -l(-307 Tool-holder, universal. New's . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·34 Telegraph, har.monic, Gray's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *28 1 Telpherage, or the transmission of vehiclps by Tool-holders, Boville's, for lathes, planing and Teleg raph, hellO, L':seurre's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,*284 electricity to a distance independently of any shaping machines, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X-147 Te] egraph, hydraul.IC. Montblanc·s . . . . . . . . . 334 control exercised from the vehicle. by Prof. F. Tools, Japanese, at the Centennial ExhIh . . . . * 1 1 Telegrapb inker, Impro\'ed. Devas' . . . . . ,(, 1 1 7 Jenkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 7, ,* 4 2 0 Tools, laboratory, apparatus for coating . . ·*25 8 Telegral)h iusulators, Improved . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 02 TeJDperatures, instrument for rcg·ulating. new. 'r o ols of the pyramid builders . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-398 Telegraph-k cy, double, Byrns' . . . . . . . . . . . ·X- 5 1 Campbell's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,X' 2 Tools, the proper and improper methods of ma-Teh,gl'aph-key, double current, new. by P. TeJDperatur .. s, low. production of. . . . . . . . . 3 70 nipulating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-8 8

TrImmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . -l(-93 'reJDplate, multiple, Burichon's . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X-405 Toothache, a pleasant remedy for . . . . . . 1 8 5 Telegraph key, perIpheral, Cu�nmmgs' . . . . . 3 1.1 TeJDplate, draughting, improved . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 6 Tornadoes, destructive forces attending. by Teleg�aph, Morse, an unpublIshed chapter m Tennessee, arch�ological explorations in, by F. General W. n. Hazen . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . 321

the hIstory of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 W . Putnam. An mterestmg account of the ex- Torpedo boat, Batum, Russmn . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 1 Telegraph, multiplex printing, Baudot's . *346 plorations of the burial mounds of a prehistoric Torpedo boat, Danish. new. . . . . . . . . . . . *424 Telegraph, mu�ical, La C<,m.r·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 race i n Tennessee ; with .",5 engraYinu,"-*1 69" Torpedo boat, electric, submarine, '1'uck's . . 400 Telegraph, optICal, Mangm s . . . . . . . . . . . *284 * 1 70, * 1 7 1 , -l(-1 72, -l(- 1 7 ;s Torpedo boat engines, Normand's . . . . . . . . . . -*261 Telegraph, printing, Phelps· . . . . . . . . . *53, * 5 6 Tension, machine for testing. French . . . . *201 Torpedo boat, first-class, Russian . . . . . . . . *424 Tclegraph, pneumat1O. Guttal'i's . . . . . . . . . -l('35 Tenterlng JDachine, clip for . . . . . . . . . . *329 Torpedo boat guns, Hotchkiss . . . . . . . . . . . . *428 Telegraph, printmg, Herring·'s . . . . . . . . . . * 1 64 Teredo and limnoria, improved mcthod of pro- Torpedo boat. Lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-79 Telegraplt, printing, Noel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *364 tecting timber against the ravages of . . . . . . * 1 1 3 Torpedo boat. new, for the Argentine govern-Telegraph relay, new, Vyle's . . . . . . . . . . . . '* 2 64 Terra-cotta, adapted to modern church work. ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-331 Telegraph relay, '.rheiler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 A paper by Edmund Sharpe. giving the results Torpedo boat. new, Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 5 Telegraph repeater, improved . . . . . . . . . . . *43 of the author's practical experience with the Torpedo boat Polyphemus, British . . . . . . . . . -l(-255 Telegraph signs, l\I.orse. translation o f into treatment and use of burnt fire clay, and his Torpedo boat Poti, Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-41 5

letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 opinion as to its suitability for church work of Torpedo boat, submarine. Garrett.*218 , *320 Telegraph sounder, Belgmn . . . . . . . . . . . . *342 the present day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X-37 Torpedo boat. the Herreshoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 Telegraph sounder, new. 'I'heiler's . . . . . . . . '* 1 72 Terra-eotta and fire brick, how made, by Andrew 'rorpedo boats, improved, Yarrow's . . . . . . . * 1 1 3 Te] egraph sounders. improved, Bright's . . -l(-372 McLean Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Torpedo boats, Russmn, on the Danube . . . . . * 83 Telegraph _ires, apparatus for covering. Ber- Terra-cotta, how to photograph on . . . " . . . . 401 Torpedo boats, their action and effects . . . . *385

thould and Borel's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 18 Testing and weighmg machinery. Hiehle's . . * 3 2 Torpedo defe nse, method of. . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 02 Telegraph wires in cities, systems of laying Testing apparatus, cement, Fairbanks'.·X-424 Torpedo experinlents, by the English govern-

wire: under gr,?�nd, and co�parative cost . 2 1 7 Test!ng JDae'hine, Kenned3i" s . � . . . ; . . . . . . . *276 ment, recent . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * � 42 Tele!"rapb, wrItmg. Cowper s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *213 Testing machme, 5U-ton, WIllIamson s . . . . . . *302 Torpedo cxpcrIments, French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-8 7 Telegraphie codes and ciphers . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 6 Testing machine, 20J-ton, Fairbank's . . . . . *423 'rorpedo experiments, recent, in England . * 120 'relegraphing through ocean cables. mode. * 1 0 Tetan us, treatment of, by Dr. Ria . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Torpedo -gu ard, improved . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 24 Teleg,:aphing without wires, experiments yof Text!le maChinery, recent iml?r!wem'ts in. -l(- 3 62 Torpedo raJD P<!lypheIl.',!s. 192, *291, *297

Mr. Lmdsay on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 " 4 Textiles, bleachmg by electrICIty . . . . . . . . . . *401 Torped 0 shIp AJax, BrItIsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 5 1 Tel�graphy and ocean cables, early days of. by 'rext!les, designing for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 70 Torpedo, spar. improyed . . : . . . . . . . , ' .. . . . . . . . . . * 79

WIlloughby SmIth . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . , ' . . . . . .. . . . . 309 Text!les, m�th?ds of b!eachmg . . . . . . . . 1 47, 1 53 Torpedo stesJDer, hl:fhtnlng. Bl'ltISh . . . . . . . '*74 Telegraphy, automatIC, descrIptIOn o f . . . . *367 TextIles, prIntmg, reCIpes for colors . . . . . . . . 208 Torpedo systeJD McEvoy s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-390 'relegra.phy, .e�rly history o�, .as illustrated at 'rheaters, electric !ight in ., ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-4 1 0 Torpedo vessel, Portugues� . . . . . . . . . . . . . *246

the ParIS ExhIbItIOn of ElectrlOIty . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Theaters, the scemc machmery of . . . . . . . . . . 268 Torpedo vessels. Thornycroft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *79 Telegraphy, electro harmonic, by F . L . Pope. Theodolite, mining, the first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·*46 Torpedo _arfare, apparatus used in . . . . . * 3 5 5

* 1 3 1 , * 132 TherJDal balance, Prof. Langley's . . . . . . . . 273 Torpedoes, improved, Harvey's . . . . . . . . . ·X- 1 1 3 Telegraphy, new duplex system of, by S. M . TherJDal energy, difference of. transmitted to Torpedoes, improved method of stowing and

Banker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 72 the earth from dilterent parts of the solar sur- discharging' from torpedo boats . . . . . . . . -l(-325 Telegraphy, new system of, House's . . . . . . . . 1 86 faces, by J. Ericsson. with 6 figures . . . . . . . . . . ·*13 Torpedoes, towing and discharging' from tOl'-'relegraphy, optical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *284 TherJDo-cheJDical investigation, a new meth- pedo boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *270 'rdegraphy, optical, Gaumet's new apparatus od of. by M. M . r. Muir . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ; 184 ;-'ouch, illusions of. experiment sh!"wing . *295

for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . ; . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . *308 TherJDograph, !lew apparatus for makmg !,; rournlquet, field, a new form of, by Dr . J. III. Tel egraphy, practIcal mformatIOn on . . . . . . *67 I eontmuous graphICal record of the VarIatIOns of Hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,* 1 3 3 Telegra phy, sea. Bailey's �ystem of . . . , . . . . . -l(-7 I temperature, b y G . M . FlIdr!dge . . . . . . . . . . . . *335 Tourosc<?pe, the .,' . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X-21 8 Tel eJDeter, double-reflectmg. Hausch s . . . . *35 TherJDograph, MontsourIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 98 To_ and Jute cardmg engme, new . . . . . . . . * 106 TeleJDeter, electric, Siemens' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *363 TherJDo-pile, improved. by R. H. Ridout.-l(-238 'rO_eI'S, construction of, by HiI' Charles Ander-TeleIlleter, electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 22 9 TherJDo-slphon or domestic heating apparatus. son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 TeleJDeter, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *405 Gallet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *297 Toy, mechanical, the decapitated pacha . . . -l(-375 Tel eJDeter, pocket, Gaumet's . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 TherJDoJDeter and hygrometer, electrical read- 'roy, scientific, Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-398 Telephone, Ader's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 8 ing of at a distance, by A . W. Waters . . . . . . ·* 4 3 1 Tracings, Clothhhow to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 56 Telephone and battery. Harrison's . . . . . . . . * 1 60 TherJDoJDeter, air, Winstanley's . . . . . . . . . . ·X-263 Trades, unhealt y . An important series o f lec-Telephone and microphone, some modifications TherJDoJDeter, air, Witz's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 tures, by Dr . B. W. Richardson. pointing out the

of, by Geo. M. Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 63 TherJDoJDeter, chrono, for testing mineral oils, active causes that produce diseapcs among the Telephone and sound vibrations, by Prof. A. E. Redwood's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1:-1 2 working- classes . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 1 0, 1 8 , 1 9, 22

Dulbear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 TlterJDoJDeter, deep-sea. Miller-Casella . . -l(-398 Train resistance. A papel' pointing' out the Tele phone apparatus, action of lightning TherIllOJDeter, differential, Dufour's . . . . -l(-248 causes of the resistances that impede the move-

upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 TherJDoJDeter, Negretti-Zambra . . . . . . . . . . -1(-398 ment of a railway train, and the power necessary Telephone apPltmtus. simplified . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 4 2 5 T h erJDoJDeter, registering, Negretti's . . . . . 'X- 8 t o overcome them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *405 Telephone, Ayres' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X- 1 3 1 TherlnoJDeter, registering', Richard's . . . . ,*379 Trains i n motion, taking u p of cars b y . . . . *256 Telephone, Breguet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 2 6 TherJDoJDeter scale, a very useful combination TraJDcar, comprt'ssed air, Mekarski's . . . . . . *3 5 7 Telephone calls, various, with working draw- scale, full size. enabling an instantaneous com- TraJDcar, Rteam, Brunner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22

ings and directions. how to make . . . . . . . . . . -* 1 62 parison of numbers on the Pahrenheit, Reaumur. TraJDcar system employed at Nantes . . . . . . * 3 5 7 Teleph o ne, carbon. Edison's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 127 and Centigrade thermometers ; with formuloo for TraIll_ay car, run by accumulators . . . . . . *408 Telephone, carbon, Edison's, Gaiffe's modifiea- converting the units of one scale into units of TraJD_ay car, steam. new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-422

tIOn of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 3 8 another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-141 TraJD_ay, Dm·jeeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Telephone, D'Arsonval's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *353 TherJDoJDeter scales, table of equivalents . . 347 TraJD_ay e n l!ine, Beaumont's . . . . . . . . . . . ·*248 Telephone, D'Arsonval and Bert's . . . . . . . . *370 TherJDoJDeters, by Dr. R. J. Mann. Descrip- TraJD_ay eng·ines. condenser for . . . . . . . . . . 'X-426 Telephone, Dolbear's, in England . . . . . . . . . . . 332 tions of the various kinds in use . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 TraJD_ay, grooveless. Edge's system of . . -l(-220 Tel 6phone, duplex. ne'Y ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *206 TherIll oln�ters, Draper's dry and wet and sun. TraJD_ay, electriC, at Paris. Hiemens' . . . . . *306 Telephone exchange In London . . . . . . . . . *413 self-recordIng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *209 TraJD,,'ay 10comotIYeS, fireless. German . . -l('361 Telephone for long distances, by W Ho Preece. TherJDOIlleters, how to convert the degrees of TraJD_ay, wire, for coal mines . . . . . . . . . . . -l(·65

*367 one kind into those of another . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 TraJD_ays, eompressed air locomotives for. Telephone from 1837 to 1882, by Prof. A. E. Dol- TherJDoJDeters, improved. Schumacher'S . * 1 0 Beaumont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l('3 1 7

bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-337 TherJDoJDeters, metallic, Coret's . . . . . . . . . *208 TraJD_ays, construction and operation of. by Telephone, Goloubitzky's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-3 71 TherJDoJDetrogl'aph, Rysselberghe's . . . *421 D. K. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Telephone, Gower-Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 TherJDophone, by T. Wiesendanger . . . . . -l(- 148 TraJD_ays, electric, new system of, by M. H. Telepho ne, . . hammer," De Lochtlabye's. *408 TherJDophone, Mercadier's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 296 Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-4 1 1 Telephone, history and theory of its construc- TherJDoscope, color, new, b y Filipp Hess . . 1 0 TraJD_ays, Francq's fireless locomotive on.

tion and operation, by R. M. Ferguson . . . . . -l(- 1 20 TherJDoscope, electric, differential, Nos- *329 Teleph one, Hughes' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·* 128 worthy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *356 Tl"aJDWays, locf)motive for. Brown's . . . . . *222 Telephone, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·X- 143 'rherJDostat, a simple and sensitive, by A. N. TraJD_ays, postal, ciectric, Siemens' . . . . . *326 Telephone, improved, Husband's . . . . . . . . . *378 Randolph, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *420 Traln_ays (see also :Railways. street). Telephone, improved, Phelps' . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 56 Thrashing and finishing machine, improved. TransJDission, electrical, role of the earth in. Telephone, Kotyra's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *lJ7 1 Garrett's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 1 1 4 by Th. Du Moncel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

TransJDitter, Blake's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *250 Transparencies, carbon, lor the lantern . . . 383 Transparencies, direct positive . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 .� Transparencics, dry plates for . . . . . . . : . . . 331 Transparencies, gelatine, for the lantern, how

to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-288 Transpare ncies, lantern. how to color . . . . . 423 Transparencie .. , lantern, how to pI·epare . . 424 TransparenCies, lantern slides, etc. , how to

mount and bind, by John Harmer . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Tran sparencies, method of producing direct

in the camera ; also for the reproduction of negatives (reversed or otherwise) . . . . . . . 242

Trap, waste-water, Stiff's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *280 Traps, Siphon and tI , relative values 01 in

plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Tra_l, how to makc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-269 Tra_l, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *398 Tra_Iers, steam. Redway's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *396 Tree-Celler, steam, Ransome·s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 Tree-planting as practiced in Europe . . . . . . 1 7 7 Trees, a hill of, bow to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 'rree ... , artificial desiccation of by heat . . . . . . -l(- 1 5 6 Trees, cheap method of planting i n waste �.'JJcf� Trees, cleansing with soap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 6 Trees, dendrometer t o measure height of . . -l('429 Trees, directions for quickly determining the

height of without apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(- 147 Trees, forest. o f North America, a catalog'ue of,

with special reference to the geographical distribution and economic uses of . . 22'2', 228 , 229,

230, 231 , 232, 233, 234, 235, 236 Trees, how to make more frUItful . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Trees, how to plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Trees, how to successfully transplant . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 Trees, old and remarkable. conservation of . . 3 78 Trees, the most desirable kinds for planting i n

streets and public grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Trees, timber, how to raise from seeds . . . . . . . 306 Trees, when to transplant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 Trevithick, Richard. Biographical sketch.

3 7 1 , 380 Tricycle, Edinburgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8 TrIcycle, electric, Ayrton's . . . . . . . . *367, -l('420 Tricycle , Merlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,-;'334 Tricycle, Strange's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'X' 1 3,7 'rroll y, steam. <-'ooke's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 Trotting statistics. List of trotters that haye won

races in which the purses, stakes, or prelniums aggregated $10,000 and upward . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 7

Tro ut, an easy method o f breeding. by J. T. King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Trout and trout culture. by R. A. Koss . . . . . . . 429 Trout, how to propagate. Full inRtruetions for

th(' artiticial fertilization of the eggs of the brook trout and for tho construction and arrangelllPnt of hatching bouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

T r o u t ponds, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, *246 Trauve, GustaYe, the elcctrician. Biographical

sketc'h. with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *362 Truck , car-wheel. forty-two inch . . . . . . . . . . *82 Truck, elevator, Poil'ot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-331 T ruck, freight car, 6-wheeled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *426 'rruss ang'le:block, Howe, method of ealculating

the dimensions of, by A. C. Haverstick . . . . . . *98 Tu be-scraper, Rastrick's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-93 Tu be-stopper, improved, Fenenga's . . . . . . -l(- 1 1 3 Tubercle, infectiveness of. with speCIal refer-

ence to tubercular consumption, by Dr. William Pin·ie. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Tubercular disease, wheat-meal bread as a lIlt'ans of diminishing. by M. yates . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Tn beroses, how to cultivate . . . . . . . . . . 208 , 3 1 0 'r u bing, seamless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *279 'ruckabo " , or Indian bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *239 'r u J l e s and other light fabrics, machine for dot-

ting', Ricanet's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *303 TUlllor .. , histolog-y of, by Dr. Carl Seiler . . . . 201 Tuning-forks, Koenig's, and the electric regis-

ter. by Prof. Lc R. C. Cooley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 T u nnel, aqueduct. Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . -*427 Tunnel, Channel. proposed, Haynor's plan . . *24 'runnel, Channel. works at Sangatte . . . . . . . . -l(-3 5 Tunnel, Hudson River, by S . H . Finch . . . . *331 'r unnel, Hudson HiYer. Detailed account o f the

great undertaking-, WIth figures showing protile of the riYcr bed, plan of the entire work. severa l stages of the work in progress, etc . . . . . . . . *227

Tun nel, Hudson Riyer, progress of . . . . . . . . -l(-334 Tunnel, Hudson River ; the New York works,

progTess of, illustrated with figures showing sections of the eaisson and tunnel, and details ex-hibiting the method of working . . . . . . . . . . . . *35 7

Tunnel, Hudson Riv('!' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Tunnel, Mersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384, *427 T u n n e l , mining', Atlantic and Pacific . . . . . . *359 Tunnel , railway, between France and England.

-l(· 330 Tunne], railway, Mersey. General descriptIOn, ;'�!�splan

.an

.d

.section

.�n�. �i�� . . Of '��r�. ��;f9<2 Tnnncl, rock, 7-mile, of Baltimore water*0i'�� Tunnel , f'eyern, mechanical appliances used in

the conHtl'uction of the heading of . . . . . . . . . 89 T U llnel, Spruce Creek, Pennsylvania RR. . . * 8 3 TUllne], St. Gothard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *88 , 227 Tunnel, St. Gothard. An interesting account of

the pnterprisc. with a description of the interior workings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1

T u n n < 1 , St. G othard. by ]). K. Clark. . . . l l , 'X' I � Tunnel , St. Gothard, by Goo. J . Specht, C.E . 1 54 Tunnel , St. Gothard, completion of the bO��6 Tunnel, St. Gothard. construction of the gal-

lery. drains, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *26 Tunnel, l't. Gothard, historical and statistical

notes on. by Consul S. H. M. Byers . . . . . . . . . . 354 Tunncl, St. Gothard. hydraulic machinery . . . * 7 Tunnel, St. Gothard. notes o n the junction of

tho two galleries. by Dr. <-'olladon . . . . . . . . . . 235 Tunne], Ht. Gothard. with 25 engravings of sec-

tions showing' methods of working . . . . . . . . . *225 Tnnnel , Sutro. A lecture by Adolph Sutro. giv

ing' an interesting description of the manner in which a four-mile tunnel was excavated in the Comstock Lode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Tunnel , Thamps. an interesting account of the mode of constructing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Tunncl under the Elbe near Hamburg . . *380 Tunnel, Weehawken. with profile. etc . . . *341 Tunneling JDachine, hydraulic, Crampton's.

-* 379 Tunne] s and arches. beton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *227 Tunnels and rock boring machinery; method of

boring many tunnels described. . . . . . . . . . . * 1 09 T unne]s, railway, principal of the world . . . . 201 T unnels, railway. ventilation of. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Tunnels, roads, bridges, and canals, by John

Fowler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 53 Tunncls, subaqueous, improved method o f con-

structing, by J. C. Trautwine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *5 1 T;.IW,1'!:e'y

SU�lllarin� • . �is��p.'s.p�a.� .��': �.��:2rJ' Turb!ne _he el, early history of . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 4 TurbIn e wheels. at the Centen . . . . . . . *59, ·;1,61 Turbines, application of to the dynamos of elec-

tric railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 427 T u rbines for small industries, Bell's . . . " 3 80 Turkeys, how to manage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 T u rkeys, how to raise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 227 Tnrkish bath, what it is and what it dOL" . by

John l'tainbocK Wilson. M.D. Processes of tLe Turkish bath ; its physiological and therapPlltic action ; what diseases it is a remedy for. . . .226

Tn rning, art of. An interesting historl('al sketch of lathe-working. by I'. N. Hasluck . . 3 2 7

Turning, boring, and grooving machines. Atock's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23

Turning, ornamental ; how to make a candela-brum in wood and ivory, by J. H. Evans . . *35 1

Turning tool for clock makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(· 8 7 Turpentine, Chian. by Dr. Stiepowich . . . . . . 2 8 8 Tu rpentine from pine cones, apparatus for dis-

tilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *216 Tnl:e!e ... safety, Lloyd's . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(-5 T_lhgnt, how to find the tIme of . . . . . . . . . *421 T_isting JDachinc, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l(' 68 Type JDachine, Hepburn's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . *422

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIX'rEEN I�ARGE PAGES. ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. PRICE 10 CENTS PER NUMBER, MUNN &: CO., 361 BROAD WA Y, NE W Y0 1. K.-IN ORDEB ING PLEA.SE GI VE 7.'RE N UMBERS.


asa A CATALOGUE OF SOME OF THE VALUABLE PAPERS CONTAINED IN THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT.

Typhoid Cever, (see Fever). Typh us l ever inN. Y .. by Dr. E. G. Janeway.298 Typographic maehine, Alissoff's . . . . . . . . *95

U Ulcers, cancerous, chloride of soda in, by Dr. G.

M. Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Uleers, the treatment of with chlorate of potass.,

by Dr. T. M. Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 62 Ultram. , riue, quality of, mode of testing . . 1 94 Ultramarine violet, processes for the prepara-

tion of, Zeltner's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24 UlRbreIla-supporter, Arnold's . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Universe, chemical harmony of, by T. Sterry

Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Universe, visible, dimensions of, how measured,

by Prof. E. Catalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *356 Urine, albumen and sugar in, how to test . . . . 357 Uranus, discovery of, centenary of, by W. F.

Denning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-303 Urari, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Ureomete r for clinical use, Blackley's . . . . . . -1(-7 7 Ureom.eter, Renson's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *292 U rose ope, pocket-case, ncw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!- 7 3

V

Vaecination, how long may its efficacy be relied on? oy Dr. A. O. Binkerd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Vaccination of animals, by L. Pasteur . . . . . 300 Vaccinatio n of sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *337 Vac ua, very high, a method of obtaining and

measuring with a modified form of Sprengel pump, by Prof. Ogden N. Rood . . . . . . . . . . . . *303

VacuulR apparatus, Hemptinne's . . . . . . . *327 Vacu ulR, intluence of on electricity, by A. M .

Worttl lngton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *382 Vac uulR or blast apparatus, laboratory, Hanks'.

-1(' 7 Vacuum, value of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Valve, ball, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 72 Valve, eccentric, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Valve-gear, novel, Sulzer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!- 146 Valve-gear, rotary, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-267 Valve, safety, Eaves' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!- 14 1 Valve, safety, Fawcett's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *420 Valve, safety, Klotz's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -X-95 Valve, safety, lock-up, Robey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 129 Valve, safety, spring, Atock's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 54 Valve, safety, when not safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 Valve-seats, apparatus to dress . . . . . . . . . . *28 1 Valve, slide, explanation of the action of . . . . ')!- 5 1 Valve , slide, how t o set. A valuable practical

paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 3 Valve, sluice, Bagshaw's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *93 Valve, water and steam, House's . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Valves, hydraulic and slide. for gas and other

pnrposes. A comprehensive and valuable series of papers.*90, *91 , -)!-96, *98, -)!- 1 00, *101

Val ves, safety, Adams' and Blake's . . . . . . . . . . * 5 1 Valves, safety, Fletcher's, Schmid's, and

Wri>!'ht's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Valves, safety, lock-up, Wilson's . . . . . . . . . . . *235 Valves, slide, Taylor-Weatherhogg . . . . . . . . . . . -X·20 Va l ves, slide, circular, Webb's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 Valves, slide, plain, friction of, by J. W. Hill. 62 V a l ves, steam and check, improved . . . . . . . . -1(- 1 3 8 Vapors, density of, method of ascertaining . 1 0 7 Vapors, elasticity and density of, b y Alex. Mor-

ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *86, 8 7 Vapors, mixed, critical pOint of, b y James

Dewer, F. R S. A record of experiments on the behavior of carbonic acid in the presence of different vapors above the temperature of the critical pOints of the pure gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Vapors for medical inhalation, six formuhe.27 1 Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood, the electrician.

Sketch of his life and labors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Varnish, damar, for negatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69 Varnish for foundry patterns, recipe . . . . . . . . 4 19 Varnish for melainotypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 Varnish for the preservation of wood and metal,

by M. Zingler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Varnish, how to remove from old plates . . . . 93 Varnish, matt, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49 Varni shes for foundry patterns, machinery,

etc., how to prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 Varnishes for protecting iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Varnishes, shellac, recipes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 Vase, marble, Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 Vase, Parian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 7 Vases, terra cotta, at Paris Exhibition . . . . . * 147 Vase line, in pharmacy, by N. Rosenwasser. 1 5 3 Vault and colonnade in concrete and iron. design

for . . . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . *43 Vegetable house, small, advice on the con-

struction of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Vegetable respiration ; a correction of some

common, yet erroneous ideas concerning the respiration of plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Vegetables, canned, process of grecning . . . . 373 Vegetables, how to keep in winter . . . . . . . . . . 304 Vegetation, action of light on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 V<'lgetatlon, relation of to the industrial arts,

by Prof. August Vogel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Vehicle for common roads, Prosser's . . . . . . *238 Vehicle, novel, the Swallow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-388 Vehi cles, curious, at the Coachmakers' Exhibi-

tion, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 87 Vehicles of locomotion, curious . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-3 8 0 Velocimeter for trains, Westinghouse's . . . . *64 Vel ocimeter, light, Wheatstone's . . . . . . . . . -)!- 165 Velocim.eter, prOjectile, Sebert's . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 7 Velocipede, aquatic, Jobert's . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . * 8 Velocipede, fast, Grant's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 Veloci pede, Harrington's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 8 6 Velocipede, improved, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *46 Velocipede sled, Story's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 8 Veloelpede, water, Princes of ·Wales' . . . . . *294 Veloci pedes and sleighs, propeller for . . . . * 1 5 9 Velocipedes, o r manumotive carriages, im-

proved, Lewis' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 4 Veloeipedes, railway, Sheffield's . . . . . . . . . . . ·)!- 1 78 Velocity lReter, or self-registering tachometer.

ProeH's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 1 Venereal diseases, plan to prevent the spread

of, by Dr. Alb. Gihon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Ventilating aud warming occupied building·s.

*325, *32� *327 *328 , *329 Ventllatinl!; and warming of school-houscs, by

Dr. F. Winsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Ventilating apparatus for large buildings,

new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *87 Ventilating chamber for coal mines, Bir-

naux's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 61 Ventilation and obstructed air, vital discoveries

in, by W. C. Conant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88 Ventilation and warming, by D. Galton . . . . 94 Ventilation, blowing engine for . . . . . . . . . . * 1 42 Ventilation, drainage, and sewerage of houses,

by R. Middleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Ventilati on for ships, Borle'S system of . . *35 1 Venti lation, methods o . Report read at the

Third Annual Convention of the Am. Public Health Association, by Carl Pfeiffer. . . . . . . . . 61

Ventilation of Madison Square Theater . . *250 Ventilation of mines, mechanical effect of

" blown out " shots on, by Hall and Clark . . . . . 29 Ventilation of public buildings, by James

Hogg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-250 Ventilation of rooms. Abstract of a paper by

F. E. 'L'hicke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Ventilatio n of sewers, Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 198 Ventilati o n of the St. Louis tunnel, with plan

and fill'ur!'s of fan and chimney . . . . . . . . . . . . 0/(-339 Ventilation, use of coal gas as a means of, by

N. If. Humpnrys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Ventilator, exhausting, Pelzer's . . . . . . . . . -)!-247 Ventilator for mines, Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!- 70 Ventilator, Kosmos, Nedden's . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0/(·375 Ventilator, mine, Roots', by E . H . Carbut\i.

l 00 Vf'ntilator, soil-pipe, improved . . . . . . . . . . . . *224 Venuo;j, by Camille Flammarion . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 77 Ven us, the satellite of, by T. W. Webb . . . . . . 3 .� Venus, transit of, 188:�, by E. L. Larkin . . . . . . . 348 Venus, transit of, as observed in South Africa

and in Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *378

Vermicelli and macaroni machinery, Metzger's. * 1 70

Vessels, names of, as exhibited in a list of 23,000 belonging to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Vessel s, submerged, apparatus for raising. *269 Vessels, sunken, app. for lifting, Archer's. * 1 54 Vessels, sunken, apparatus for raising, Miss

Tassey's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 Vessels, sunken, Clark and Standfield's practical

method of raising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *81 Vessels, sunken, method o f raising, by Dr. W.

Raydt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Vessels to resist high internal pressures con-

struction of, by C. W. Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . iH28 Vesuvius, a visit to, by H. D. Garrison . . . . . . 1 75 Vesuvius, the crater of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 6 Viadnet, Brent, o n the Hounslow and Metro-

politan 1tailway, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *409 Viaduct, Conway, New Haven and Northamp

ton 1taiJway. General description, with perspective view and several figure.s of details. *334

Vladnct, Llandulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207 Viaduct, Portage, on N. Y . and Erie R.R . . . *41 Vladnct, Rouchat, on th" Paris and Orleans

lialiway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *91 Viaducts, railway, Altier and Cize . . . . . . . . *321 Vibration, intluence of on chemical phenomena,

apparatus to study, Berthelot's . . . . . . . . . . . . . *240 Vibrations, inaudIble, effect of upon sensitive

tlames, by W. F. Barrett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 Vibrations, mechanical, and magnetism. An

account of Mr. Stroh's interesting experiments in comparing mechanical with magnetic phe-nomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *379

Vibrations of a liquid film ; a simple device for the projecting of without a lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Vibrations, sonorous, action of in val' ling the force of an electric current, by Pro . D. E. Hughes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *127

Vibrations, sonorous, lantern for exhibiting, Carmichael's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *254

Vignettes, how to make by means of gelatine cllromate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 69

Vinegar, how to clarify and purify . . . . . . . . . . 392 Vinegar, manufacture of by means of bacteria,

by Hmanuel Wurm. A method of manufacture that gives immediately and without loss a salable article of vinegar of excellent quantity . . . . . 247

Vinegari Hengstenberg syst. of making . . *396 Vino-co orilReter, for determining the color-

ing power of wines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 7 7 Violin, function of the sound-post in, and on the thickness of the strings, by W. Huggins . *398 Violins, improvements in, Walduck's . . . . . *240 Vlrcho,v, Uudolf L. C. Brwf sketch of, with vf��\,,:i�; ' soiltiiwestei·ii: by ja�es ' Hngg. *!�

important and valuable paper descriptive of the mineral lands, probable richness, geological for-mations, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Viscosity of solutions and apparatus for deter-mining it, by B. 'r. Trueblood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *271

Vision, microscopic, Abbe's new theory of, ob-servations on, by J. W. Stephenson . . . . . . . . . . * 8 1

Vision, persistence of, experiment on . . . . . -)!-284 Visual purple, its nature and offices in the

economy of the eye, by W, C. Ayres, M.D . . . 268 Vocal cords, flaring of, as a cure for chronic

congestion tlierem, by Dr. Carlo Labus . • . . . 265 Volta-electric induction, by W. Smith . . . . *41 7 Voltaic aeculDulation. Abstract of a paper

by J. W. Swan on the utility of the Plante and Faure cells for the storage of electricity . . . . 321

Voltaic arc experiment, a curious . . . . . . . . . *227 Voltaic circuit, current elements of, a new

method of determining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 2 Voltmeter, Deprez and Carpentier's . . . . . * 353 V olnme and surface of bodies generated by revo

lution, graphical determination of, by W. G. Berg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 08

Volvox globator, by Alf. W. Bennett . . . * 1 40 Von Baer, Karl Ernst, the eminent biologist.

Sketch of liis life and labors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Von Cotta, Bernard. Biographical sketch, with

portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *229 Von Monckhoven, Dr. D., biog. sketch of . 361 Von Wagner, Johannes Rudolf. Biographical

sketch, and an account of his researches in chem-istry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Vortex motion, by Prof. O. Reynolds . . . . . 8 5 Vortex rings, liquid, certain phenomena mani-

fested by, by '1'. Hart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *400 Vortex rings of liquids and gases, by A. Gueb-

ha"d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!-301 Voting lRachlne, electric, Roncalli's . . . . -)!- 195 Voting machine, Daville's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *435

W

Wagner, Richard. Biographical sketch, with portrait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 7 9

Walls, brick, incrustations on, by W. Trautwi23 Walls, concrete, how to make . . 1 8 3, 285 , 4 1 8 Walls, holl<!w, in buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Walls, leamng, how to correct . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 99 War manufactures, Woolwich Arsenal . . . . * 1 79 War vessels (see Ships and Steamers). WarlRlng and ventilating occupied buildings.

An elaborate and valuable review of the most approved methods of heating and ventilating dwellings, public buildings, and factories, by A. Morin . . *325, *326, *327, * 328, *329

WarlRl n g by friction, machine for . . . . . . . *271 Wash-bottle, jet for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *99 Wasbers, elastic, for high pressures . . . . . . . . * 5 7 Washers, punch for cutting, Schwab's . . . -1(-323 Washington Territory, official information

concerning its lands, climate, productions, rail-ways, rivers. prices of land, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Waste-cleaning machine, improved . . . . . *396 Waste, utilization of, by P. L. Simmonds. A

highly interesting paper, treating of the uses that are made of vegetable, animal, and mineral waste-products at the present day . . . . . 370, 3 7 1

Waste wate r absorber, Ulmann's . . . . . . . . . *382 Watch-cases, their uses, materials, and quali-

ties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Watches, demagnetizatiolJ of . . . . *206, *207 Watches, keyless, by Mr. Grossman . . . . . . . . . 330 WatchlRan'''' detecter, electric . . . . . . . . . . . . *3 1 5 Water, analysis of, microscopical . . . . . . . . . . *277 Water and air, a lectuxe adapted to a jU\'enile

auditory, by John Tyndall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Water and stcam joints, how to make, by Joshua

Rose. A valuable practical paper . . . . . . . . 4 1 , 43 Water bath, constant, simple forms of . . . *395 Water cock, Sailler's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Water, cistern, results of analyses of, by Dr. C.

R. Stuntz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Water-eonduits, apparatus for regulating

pressure in, Eichenauer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *372 Water-courses, influence of forests on, by D.

O. Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Water, drinking. a simple test of quality . . . 1 4 7 Water-drops, fine. Abstract o f a paper by

Prof. Obermeyer on facts that have been ascer-tainad in regard to mist particles . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Water-drops floating on the surface of water, by Prof. Osborne Reynolds, F.R,S . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1

Water-gaUlle, (see Gauge). Water-glasst pteparation, properties, etc . . 31 7 Water, hard, now to soften . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Water, hardness of, how to determine . . . . . . . 293 Water, how to boil in a paper box . . . . . . . . . . *247 Water, magnesia-hard, how to softeu, by J .

Grossmann, Ph. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7 Water mains, apparatus for cleaning . . . . . . *238 Water, measurement of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0',1 96 Wate r-mf'ter, Frazer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *259 Water-meter, improved, Huber's . . . . . . . . . . . . ,'(0 1 Water-meter, motor, Hutter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Water-lReter, Richards' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0/(- 1 6 Water-meter, Schmid's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Water-meters, Samain's and Deplechin a n d

Mathelen's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2 7 6 Water-pipe, cast iron, .requisite thickness of

under heavy pressure, by C. H. M. Blake . . . . . 1 9 2 Water-pipes, frozen, apparatus to thaw . . . * 1

";��i�1'�f.��.' . . ��f.�� . ��.�� . . ��.��r2WI

Water, potable, on the detection of lead in by potassium bichromate, by Sidney Harvey . . . 300

Water, potable, organiC matter in, actinic method of determining, by Dr. A. R. Leeds . 4 1 9

Water power, by J . H . Francis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Water po " er for farms. Description of an in

genious system of farm machinery driven by power derived from a trout-brook . . . . . . . . . *323

Water, pure, for photographic use, apparatus for obtaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *360

Water, purifying and softening, Porter-Clark process of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *280

Water railway, novel, St. Malo, France . . *48 Water-sot'tening apparatus, Law and Chatter-

ton's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Water-sot'tening process, Atkins' . . . . . . . . . . 348 Water, properties of, by W. M. Williams . . . . 424 Water supply, by Joseph Prestwich . . . . . . . . . . 143 Water supply for stock, how to arrange . . 209

��:{E��g¥?C:��.��:': .��rk.city: .

i�c�e�se .�f, f�

Water supply for towns and villages ; consideration of different systems and their comparative economy of use ; cost of boring artesian wells and of water pipes, by Clarence Delafield . . . 27

Water-supply of small towns . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Water-tank controller, electric . . . . . . . . . . . ;(· 3 1 5 Water, the impurities and influence of upon its

domestic utility, by G. S. Johnson . . . . 292, 293 Water tower at Sandusky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 Water-traps and soil pipes, by Dr. Fergus. . 1 3 Water-traps, new mode of manufacturing, by

G. W. Wicks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 Water veins, subterranean, how traced . . *269 Water, waste, from fulling mills, how to utilize,

by A. Gawalovski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 Water, waste, from wool scouring, etc., utiliza-

tion oi', by E. Neumann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47 Water works, ancient and modern; table of the

most important data concerning thirteen water-works of ancient times, with diagrams . . . . *38

Water works at Bangor, by L. H. Eaton . . . . . *77 Water works, Congleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *392 Water works, new, at Leamington, Eng . . . *206 Waterworks of Ph,l' a, engines of, by F .Graff.*45 Water works, St. Louis, indicator cards taken

at, by A. J. Chaphe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 123 Wate rs, inland, of the U. States, areas of . . . 3 1 9 Waters, potablei micrographic analysis of . 341 Waterproot· s o es, how to make . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 Waterproofing cloth, description of several

processes for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 , 3 1 7 Waterproofing for paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 96 W aterproofing for pasteboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Waterproofing for stone walls, Sylvester's

recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Watson, James Craig, . the astronomer. An ac

count of his life and labors, by Prof. A. Win-chell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Wave lines, description of their true form and g�D��1.SJ.ht:��: . ��.��

tru.c�d

. t.� .lD�.�� 41e:r6

Wave motion; the rate of progression of grou ps of waves and tile rate at which energy is trans-mitted by waves, by Prof. O. Reynolds . . . . . . *96

Wave power motor, Brown's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *46 Wave�" curving of round bays and breakwater,

by S. It. Deverell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(- 109 Wax, an interesting paper by L. Field, descrip

tive of the qualities, sources, and uses of various waxes of animal and vegetable origin . . . . . 0/(-400

Wax, shoemaker's, recipe for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 69 Waxes, gums, and resins, notes on . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Weather, prophecy of, by I. P. Noyes . . . . . . . 249 Weathercock, new, Richards' . . . . . . . . . . . . . *401 Weathervane, registering, French . . . . . . . . . *7 Weavers' reeds, machine for making . . . . . . . . *3 ";:1f?� . ��: . ��t��: .

br��f . . ske��.h, . . �it�i�'l

Wedl, Carl, brief sketch of with portrait . . *426 Weeds on the lawn, how to kill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 W.,ighing apparatus, continuous equilibri-

um, Mangon's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *349 Weighing machine, automatic, Craig's . . . *209 Weighing machine, automatic, for grain, Bax-

ter's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 Weights and measures, German system of con-

traction, new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . 1 3 7 Weights and measures, International Bureau of.

*407, *425 Weirs, fixed and movable ; descriptions of the

different kinds in use, by L. F. V. Harcourt.220 Welding and its bearing on puddling, by R. How-

son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '70 Welding, roll, in the manufacture of steel-edged

iron cutters, by L. Hardy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *9 Welds, steel-iron, how to test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '2'4 Wells, artesian, (see Artesian Wells). Wells, driven, Brooklyn system . . . . . . . . . . . . *419 Wells, driven, value of for fire purposes . . . . 282 Welt and counter-skiving machine, Tripp's . *7 Whales, past and present, and their probable

origin, by Prof. Flower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 What to do when at a loss. Some brief rules br

Dr. S . Weir Mitchell, to be adopted by the phYSIcian in cases where a malady has not developed itself sufficientJy to form a correct diagnosis of it, but where something must be done at once that shall be beneficial to the patient . . . . . . . 266

Wheat and how it should be prepared . . . . . *234 Wheat and wheat bread, by H. M. Mouries. *2 7 5 Wheat CarlRing in California . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 99 Wheat harvesting, new mode of . . . . . . . . . . 198 Wheat, sixty-one bushels per acre, how to ob-

tain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Wheat, microscopic study of, by L . R . Stowell.

* 1 59, * 1 72, * 1 78 Wheat, removal of iron from by magnets. * 1 75 Wheat, tests of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Wheel and rail for use on common roads, Hoff-

mann's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *377 Wheel, the Ariel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 5 5 Wheel-cutting and moulding machine, Scott's.

* 80 Wheelbarrows, French, at Paris E x . . . . * 165 Wheels, steamboat, the proper proportion of

face to diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Wheels, truck, road and rail, Perrett's . . . . . * 3 02 WhilR" compressed air, Megy's . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 8 1 Whirltng apparatus, Wheatstone's . . . . . . . . * 165 Whitworth, Sir Joseph. An interesting ac-

count of the life and labors of the inventor of the celebrated Whitworth gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Whooping cough, antidote for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Whooping cough, croton chloral in . . . . , . . . . 67 Whooping cough, remedy for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 5 Whooping cough, treatment of, b y Wm. Lee,

M.D. A valuable paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Wind Corce, method of estimating, by John Sut-

cliffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *425 Wind 1R 0tor, new, the panemone . . . . . . . . *403 Wind motor, tile Tourbillon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *330 Wind, new tables of the velocity and force of, by

A. R. Wolff. A valuable and useful paper . . 63 Wind-pressures, instrument for measuring,

Howlett's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *236 Wind, self-registering apparatus to determine

direction, velocity, and force of, Draper's.*209 Wind velocity of, a new methoa of determining,

by John H. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 1 0 W�:::!::f C';,��i�� . �O

��I� . �yl��.��

r: ])��'. �1

x9

Windi n g engine, portable, Swiss . . . . . . . . . *64 Winding engines, new method of balancing, by

W. Fairley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1 7 Windi ng gear for mines, Craven's . . . . . . . . *343 Wi nding lRachlne, doubling Unsworth's.;(·90 Winding machine, improved, Scott's. , . . . . * 107 Win ding machines, doubling, Boyd's . . . . . * 1 3 7 Winding machines, Biedermann's . . . . . . . . *265 WindlaOis and capstan, hydraulic . . . . . . . . . . *21 7 Win dlass tender for steam plows. : . . . . . . * 1 43 WindlRlll, as a prime mover, economy of, by

Alfred R. Wolff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Win dlRlIl s, origin o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *379 Window ornamentation, transparencies for, how

to make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5

Window !!lashes, how they should be arranged. divided"and glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 47

Wlndo'Ws, drawing-room, designs for . . . . . *342 Windows, proper form, dimensior s, etc . . . 263 Winds, direction and velocity of, apparatus for

detel'mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 7 Winds, gyrating, barometrical high and low

pressures eaused by, by G. W. Dow . . . . . . . . . . *99 Wine presses, Primat's, Mabille's, David's, Sa-

main's, Mailhe's, Maupus', etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 5 4 �� fo.r.eign. ��

l�ri.��. �.��n

�e

8 . . i�: .

a .�i.3�IS

Wines, how to test for adulterations in . . . . . 278 Winters, memorably cold, a valuable record of.

1 69 Wire cable gear on steamer Moewe . . . . . . *271 Wire cloth, surgical uses, by Dr. Wight . . . . 269 Wire, gilt, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Wire, gold, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Wire, iron, zinc bath for galvanizing . . . . . . . . -l. 34 Wire, machine for covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2 5 8 Wire rope cable apparatus, Bullivant's . . . . -1(-234 Wire-rope transport ; a description o f three sys-

tems, by W. 'l'. H. Carrington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *328 Wire ropes, by A. Garcenot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Wires, joining, new method of, Ellis' . . . . . . * 309 'Wood and paper, how to crystallize . . . . . . . . . . 34 Wood, black stains for, reCIpes for . . . . . . . . . . 125 Wood, dry-rot in, preservative against . . . . . . 74 Wood, how to dye black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 W o o d , how to photograph on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 84 Wood, McKenzie's process of diminishing the

inflammability of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Wood, new mode of preserving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 Wood, on the rational seasoning of, by Sigis-

mund Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Wood, preservation of by creosote . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 Wood, preservation of, by J. U. Jefferson . . . 1 1 9 Wood preservative, a natural, by H . H . Nichol-

son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 W o o d , process of preserving, Jones' . . . . . . . . . 334 Wood, process of rendering' ductile and fleXible,

by M. Robling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] 0 Wood-pnlp apparatus, Dresel's . . . . . . . . . . . . *299 Woo d-pulp, manufacture of, including the

preparation of cellulose by mechanical and chem-ICal methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1

Wood, recipes for staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Wood, soft, for timber and fuel, experiments in

cultivating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Wood, treatment of with ozonized oxygen, ap-

paratus for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3 1 4 Woodburytypes, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 'Voodbury reliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Woo ds, fragrant, description of many kinds. 1 72 Woods, imitation of inlaid, Spurr and Prang's

process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 0 Woods, some American, shearing strength� ��2 Wool and yarn, conditioning apparat. for . * 327 Wool bleaching, Kna b and Fournier meth. 1 3 5 Wool, bleaching· of, without stoving . . . . . . . . . 89 Wool cleaning machine, Hubner's . . . . . . . *2 1 5 Wool drier, Bolette's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 1 Wool-drying, apparatus for, Lohren's . . . *207 Wool dyeing. A series of lectures delivered be-

fore the Society of Arts by Geo. Jarmain, giving a thorough and minute description of all the materials, and of the various proce�ses used in dyeing wool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5, 74, 75, 76

Wool, extraction o f grease from. An impOl'tant technical paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Wool, how to bleach without sulphur . . . . . . . 1 49 Wool in the grease, extraction of potash from ;

apparatus for, Fischer's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *51 Wool, manufacture o f into cloth. An interest·

ibg account of the processes of cloth manufac· ture as practiced in a modern New England mill, by H. G. Kittredge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Wool, mineral, how made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 0 Wool i n the skein, new, treatment of . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 Wool scourIng, application of silicate o f soda

in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Wool, scouring by naphtha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Wool, shrinkage of, how to prevent . . . . . . . . . 148 Wool, slag, manufacture of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Wool, vegetable, o r cosmos fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Wool, washing, and its loss in weight . . . . . . 331 Wool-washing machine, improved . . . . . . * 392 Woolen cloth, press for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 146 Woolen Cabrlcs, how to waoorproof . . . . . . . 5 8 Woolen goods, l" eaching, process for . . . *137 Woolen printi n g, colors for, recipes . . . . . . 6 4 WorklDen and trades the improvements that

science can effect in the condition of, by Prof. W. E. Ayrton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Worlds, the beginning and ending of, by Camille Flammarion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 6, 1 8 8, 200, 201

W orms, the work of, Darwin on, by George J. Romanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1

W ounds, arrow, b y Dr. H . S . Kilbourne, 1'.S A. A valuable paper upon a subject not treated of in surgical works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Wringing and Sizing machine for yarn . . . *360 W ritings and paintings, faded, new method of

restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 34 Wrought iron objects : wood baskets, candle

standard, umbrella stand, wine cooler, and music desk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *295

Y

Yacht, light-draught, fast, stern-wheel, with particulars of contraction, and drawings to a scale showing details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 79

Yac.ht Namouna, J. G . Bennett's . . . . . . . . . . . *336 Yacht, steam, cheap (see B,?ats, cheap). Yacht, steam, Lady Franklm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0/(- 1 71 Yacht, steam, light draught stern wheel. . . *224 Yacht, steam, light draught, Irene . . . . . . . . . * 1 72 Yacht, steam, Livadia. Detailed description,

with perspective view, and midship and longitu-dinal sectIOns and hold plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 243

Yacht, steam, pleasure, Gitana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *56 Yacht, steam, Sharpie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . * 1 82 Yacht, steam, small, by M. A. Beck. List of di-

mensions, accompanied with figures showing plan, elevation and details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 1 66

Yacht, steel, fast, Lewins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *160 Yachts, designs for, by Ed. Jackson . . . . . . . . *78 Yachts, ice (see Ice yachts). Yachts, small, novel rig for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -l<·163 Yaehts, steam, small h' details of construction of

two small, swift yac ts, with longitudinal and transverse sections and plan to a scale . . . . . . * 1 4

Yarn , apparatus for testing the evenness . . * 1 70 Yarn, juteh\low to bleac)1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Yarn, mac me for flockmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -)!- 1 3 7 Yarns, appa. to prevent waste i n doubling.*269 Yarn s, spot, manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1(-265 Yellow Cever, (see Fever). ){ ucca, fertilization of, by Thomas Meehan .. 1 9lii

Z Zinc alloys, explosive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Zinc, apparatus for refilling, Merton's . . . . . *3 7 1 Z�� .�.

ro.JIli«l�.'. h.�:,: .�

r�p.�red

. ��.r �h�t

.o.��af�i4

Zinc, complex ores containing, new process of treating, by E. A. Parnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Z i n c in ores, determination of, by A. Millot . 345 Zinc, its uses and manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Zinc., machine to weigh and classify . . . . . . . ,, 367 Z!nc, manufac.tu�e of, by St. P. De Sin cay . . .402 ZIII C lRines of Lancaster Co., Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Zinc· mines of Sussex County, N. J., by N. H. Dar-

ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Zill c, phosphide as a nervous tonic . . . . . . . . . . 58 Ziuc, pure, how to prepare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 52 Zinc, volumetric estimation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Zinc, white, direct manufacture of . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Zirconia for the oxyhydrogen light, by Pref.

J. C. Dr�per . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Zodiacal light, by Prof. C. W. Pritchett3H 26 Zodiacal l i gLt, He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :: 241 Zool ogical sta tion, .. flying," Dutch . . . . ':'408 Zoology, comparative, a lesson in, by Hubl'::rd

W. Mitcliell, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

EACH NUMBER CONTAINS SIXTEEN LARGE PAGES. -----------��------�----------------------------------

ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED 'VITI! ENGRAVINGS. PBIO E 10 OENTS PEB NUM B EB. M. UNN ct 00. 861, BBO..f.D W..f. Y, NE W YORK.-IN OBDEB I NG PLEJSE GIYE THE NUM.BEBS.


DECEMBER 6, 1 884.] $citufifi t 1\mtriclu. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. I rent which excites its own field magnet. A magneto Taper of pipe threads, " inch in 1 foot in diameter ; �

inch pipe 27 threads; M inch and " inch pipe 18 threads; \4 inch and 114 inch pipe 14 threads ; 1 inch, 174:, IJ1l, 2 inch pipe llJ.U threads ; 2\4 inch and npward 8 threads. 2. Whatis the best way to braze small articles � inch to J,( inch diameter, outside open forge fire? Can I get heat enough any way from an alcohol lamp? I cannot get gas. A. You may braze smal! articles with a blow pipe and alcohol lamp, using a large wick, say \4 inch diameter, in a side nozzle like a tea kettle spout. This gives you facility for casting a downward fiame upon the work. 3. Can you give me dimensions to go by to make a camera box for making Ii inch by 8 inch pictures, such as the amaleur outfits sold by dealers ? I can buy a leus, and make my 0 evn box if I could get measurements. How can I tell the focal distance by a len s, to place the ground glass screen? A. You require a good achromatic lens or a pair to make an acceplAble picture. Get the focal distance by casting an image of the window npon the wall or a card, and measure the focal length. Better get the lens before you .make the box.

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.. XIII . . . . . . . 314-338

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Inquiries oat answered m reasonahle time should be reoeateo ; correspondent. wi II bear in mind that some answers require not a l ittle research. and, though we end eavor to reply to al\, either by letter or in th i s de�artmen t , each mnst take hie turn.

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electric machine is provided with field magnets formed o I permanent magnets, or with magnets excited by a current from another machine. 2. What would be the temperature of a vacuum if no heat was suppJied from the outside ? A. We do not know by what means the temperature of an absolute vacuum could be determined. The term itself precludes the idea; for to euppose a state of heat or cold im�lies that something is hot or cold. 3. Would a helix, if formed of steel wire and magnetized, attract soft iron the same as copper wire with electricity 'fiowing through it; and would the attraction be permanent in the steel helix without the use of electricity, that is, if the helix was first magnetized? A. A helix formed of steel wire would act like a copper helix, but not to the same degree. If the steel is hardened , the helix may retain some magneti sm, but a spiral form would not give the steel any advantage over maguets of other forms.

(6) W. F. H. writes : Ashes of forest trees here are chiefiy carbonate lime. Is this common ? Can you supply a few approximate anal yses of common forest tree ashes, such as oak, fir, beech, or other ? If our ashes are chiefiv lime. aud no potash to speak of, can we dra w any conclusion as t.o best crop after burning the bush, while land is still too full of s tumps to plow1 A. The following analyses are taken from Pro· feesor Johnson's How Crops Grow, a standard au· thority on snch subjects:

Oak. Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10·0 Soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3'6 Magnesia . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4 ·8 Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73·5 Phosphori c acid . . . . . . . . . 5'5 Sulphuric acid . . . . . . . . . . 1 '4 Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'1 Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0'2

Fir. 11'8 4'6 9'1

50'1 5'8 2'3

15'0 0"4

Beech. 16'1 3'4

10 'S 56'4

5'3 1'0 4'7 0'1

In each case you will notice that the lime exceeds in amouut tb.e other ingredients. We should therefore infer that your finding $0 much carbonate of lime perfectly normal. It would hardly be 8afe to calculate in regard to (he crops, nuless upon exact iuformation.

(7) M. R. W. asks whether there is snch a

(13) R. A. R. asks: 1. Does water running through piping produce friction? If so, at what rate? A. It does; the amount of friction is governed by the size of the pipe and rapidity of fiow, or height of head. 2. Can water be brought a great di.tance on the siphon system, say 1� miles, with a fall of 30 feet, the water lower where it starts from than some of the intermediate pomts? Will a 1 iuch stream run through an incb and a half piping one lU ile with a f!lll of 20 feet, and no intermediate points higher than where It starts from? Suppose,then, water can be conveyed 1� miles thruugh piping ou the siphon plan, when the fall is 30 feet with intermediate elevated points, about how many gallons of water would run throngh per day, when the piping at starth.g point is 2 inches for a quarter of a mile and lJ1l inches for a mile? If larger piping is used at ei ther starting point or stopping point, which point is it. best to use it at to get the largest flow of water? Or is it as profitable to use 1� inch altogether, instead of 2 inch a part of the distance? A. If the apex of a 101)al aIcbed siphon is lower than the sonrce of supply, tbe fiow will be forced over it naturally. Or, in otl ler words, if the sonrce of supply is higher than any in

thing possible as keeping in solution the pulp Irom termediate ground between it and the delivery, tbe nnwhich fine paper is made, so tllat it might at any time dulation of the pipe laid over the ground will not mao Ile spread witb a brush in the manner of paint, and terially affect the fiow, although the air may have to be then quickly harden and become paper, and adhesive? discharged at the apices where the nndulation is exOr any chemical that will dlsEol ve paper, and hold it in ce.sive. With 1� inch pipe the whole distance you a liquid form? A. As the mixture of paper fiber and will obtain a fiow of 8,000 gallons in twen ty-fonr hours. water which forms a paper pulp is entirely mechani- By putting down 2 inch pipe for a quarter of a mile, cal, we know 01 no way of sustainiug the paper fiber you will increase the fiow about 1,000 gallons per day. in the water, except by means of size, water glass, or We do not recommend two sizes of pipe In the line, some similar sub�tance. Collodion i� the nearest ap- hut if two size. are required for special reasons, put the proach to a solutIOn of paper that we know of. largest at the mpply end. In constructing a line over

(8) W. H. K. asks if a battery can be m'lde I undulating ground that is higher than tlie supply source. powerful enough to feed an incandescent lamp. If so, 1 arrangements must be made for starling the siphonage please tell me which kind of hattery would do for that by putting o penings with short standpipes at the high purpose, and how many cells of such a battery it would points for filling. After filling, the openings must be

(1) H. W. G. writes : 1. I have a so·cal led require. A. A battery may be used for supplying an capped air tight. Cocks or pings must b e used at both light ning saw, attached to a small machine. The saw incandescent lamp, but it is not an economical way of ends while filling. Fill at the highest point. or, if you works well in logs not larger than 1 foot 6 inches in I producing a light. 10 or 12 cells of plunging bichro· have a force pump, you may fill by pumping in the diameter; by cut ting larger logs, the saw will grind mate battery will operate a medium sized incandescent water at the source of supply, keeping the vents open the d ust into fiour, and do no cutting at all. How lamp; it will require 15 to 20 cells of Bunsen or Grove uutil they overfiow, then cap them. would it �o to file every third tooth down to a scraper, ! battery to do the same thing. (14) T. D. writes ; A large amount of thus malnng two double teeth fo� l oosenmg the dust (9) N. W. writes : I claim that at the �ame money is wasted by manufacturers in using a blast for and one d?uble tooth to scrape It out ? A . Pr�bably number 01 revolutions per minute a 5 ton Jiy wheel of gas. We heat our soldedug irons in this way, and have your saw IS too small for logs larger than 18 .mches 30 feet diameter would be as effectual as a 20 ton fiy often t hought it a wasteful method. Would a row of �Jameter. Every tooth should be capable of takmg out wheel 15 feet diameter, because the rim of the 30 foot small holes for small gas jets be cheaper? A. Mixed ItS owu cut. Sharp, well set teeth, proper feed and . . .

power will m Ike the saw cut. 2. Will there be any suc- wheel has twice the leverage and twice the velocity of ga� and aIr, eI ther by concentric no�zles or the Bunsen cess in taking letters patent for a com planter wh i ch the rim of the 15 feet diameter, and what is true of prmc'ple, are now preferred for heatmg purposes. will plant corn in square hi lls without squaring off or rim is true of the weight in tbe arms. Other engineers (15) A. M. F. asks : What horse power is using the rope o r wire so· called check rower? A. The eay I am wrong. What do you say ? A. You are about necessary to get best results to run the screw of a 300

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e ��:ie�:s:� d�:� is the correct name for the gases known in the German large light fiy wheels for the quick running modern en· pends upou the lines of the boat and tbe form of the

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s:;��;r�� drogen ; stickstoff, nitrogen; kohlenstoff, carbonic acid would also be greater than the additional friction of miles an hour. according to lines and load. We do not gas. 4, Do you know of any publication, Treatise on the smaller and heavier whe.el upon its journals. know of the engine you mention, and if we understand Perpetua l :Motion. in the German language? A. No, (10) P. S. M. asks : What are propel' speeds your other question, would suggest pure rubber. and consider any attempt to attain pelpetual motion for turning soft wood, hard wood, brass, cast iron, and (16) T. D. G. asks (1) for the process of tin as effort wasted. wrought iron, and what are "roper speeds for circular smelting. A. The metallurgy of tin is given qnite

(2) M. S. asks (1) a receipt for making and band saws for ordinary wood sawing? A . T h e fully in the English edition b y Crookes a n d Rohrig of soap that will take greaAe spots ont of cloth. A. Pow- clltting qua�it.y 01 woods and metals is so vari��le Bruno Kerl's well known " Practical Treatise on :Metaldered fuller'. earth 1 ounce; just moisten with spirits I that no empmca1 rule Rdap�ed to .forms and q ualities lurgy." Both the English and Continental processes of turpentine add salt of tartar 1 ounce best potash 1

can be gtven. A good rule IS to give the work all the of smelting are described, and illustrations of the furounce, work the whole into a paste with a little soap. speed it will bear without injury to tools: 1'hese naces used are given . 2. Will putting limestone in 2. A receipt for a paste or composition that wil l palish speeds may be from 500 to 1,000 feet per mmute for water used for drinking and cooking extract any of the gold or silver, something to be put np in tin boxes? A. soft wood�, about the same for hard woods, 30 to 60 lime, and make limestone water? A. The limestone if Equal parts of precipitated snbcarbonate of iron and feet per mmute fo� brass, 10 to 30 feet per minute for added to water will dissolve to a certain extent, and any prepared chalk. An impalpable rouge may be prepared cast and wrought Iron. :Much depends upon the size free carbonic acid forming in the water will combine by calcinating the oxalate of iron . Take quicksilver of the cut. Large cut should be slow, while a small with the limestone, forming the bicarbonate. with chalk half an ounce, and prepared chalk 2 ounces; water cut may be .run at a high speed. (1 7) G. H. J. asks (1) the difference be. mix them. When used, add a small quantity of alcohol Speed

.�f saws, 8 mches, 4,000 to 4,500 rev. per minute. tween benzine, naphtha. llnd gasoline. A. The names and rub wi l-h chamois leather. ., !� .. �: mentioned are given to products of the distillation of

(3) J. A. G. wri tes : In using borax w i th 24 1,500 crude petroleum coming over at d ifferent d egrees of salicylic acid to increa.e itA solubility (equal weights of 36- 1,000 temperature, and consequently they vary in their spe-each), are the antiseptic or disinfecting qualities of the Intermediate sizes in proportion. Speed for band saws, cilic gravity thus : Gasoline is the lightest mentioued, acid changed or diminished? Can you name a better 2,000 to 3,000 feet per minute. and has a density of 95° to SOo Baume, naphtha soo to plan ? D is"olviLg in water alone is troublesome, and (11) J. R. S. writes : We have a Worth-

65° Baume. and benzine 65° to 60° Baume 2. WheIe in alcohol is expeusive. A. Borax is of itself an anti- . can I find the process of boring artesian wells descri bed, septic,and therefore aids in i ts degree; alkalies and alka. �ngton �ump 1Ox10x7, double action suction pipe 4 and the tools used.: A. The subject of arte.ian wells line Ralts are said to increase the solubility of salicylic mches dmmeter, distance from pump to river 2,900 feet, has been very elaborately treated in a series of articles acid. Another method consi sts in dissolving 1t1 parts elevation 16 feet: We cannot fin� out why it does not contained in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLll;MENT, salicylic acid in 24 parts ammonia, and then adding 16 work well. I �hmk t�e dIstance IS too far to fetch the Nos. 156, 157, 158, 159, and 160. parts dilute acetic acid, or j ust enough to produce a wate�. :My frIend thmks not. Please give t�le cause (18) M. C. writes : Please give me a receipt slight Iv acid reaction For bee cultnre a solution is I of faIlure. A. You do not state enough partIculars as for sticking cork. to metal, as cork to the keys of musi. made by di.solving on� ounce of the crystallized salicylic to the lay or the pipe, or whether you have a foot valve. cal instruments. Do you know if a palissandre (roseacid in bajf a pint of French spirits; of this solution �he pipe should be laid �o that the air will naturally wood) is liable to crack in our climate? If so, wbat is add one ounce to pint of soft water at 600 Fah. In cold rIse toward the p�mp, WIth a fo?t valve at the end of good to fill surface cracks, besides shellac? I can use weather perform J.his operation in a warm room. This supply-an .opemng or sta�d pIpe near the pump the wax that is in use for express packages for is said to be the method nsed by all German masters. thro�gh whIch the wh?le PIP� may .be filled before cork to metal, but that will require heat., which I wish startmg. If there are SIphons m the line that wil l re- to avoid. A. For cement. use shellac dissolved in (4) N. B. P.-In easting steel and other tail: a'r,t.hey should have openings at their apices, with alcohol. The condition of the rosewood mnst be conmetals, does i t form any longitudinal grain the way it plugs that can be made air tight. The plugs to be nsed sidered before a definite answer can be given. Well runs, so that it becomes tougher one way than the for filling the suction with water; also have a large air seasoned wood shonld not crack. FiJling cQmposition other ? A. No. 2. If combed and pres.ed in one direc- chamber near the pump. With these' precautions we or fillers can readi ly be purchased from painters or tion while wholly in a l iquid state, will that make it think you will have no difficulty. Air in a long suc- dealers irl their snpplies. These consist of whi ting, tougher one way than the other? A. No. Cast steel tion is very elastic, and Cushions in the clearance of the plaster of Paris, pum ice stone, and litharge wi th suit-and cast iron are granular, not fibrous. pnmp. able coloring matter selected l o match the wood. French (5) E. B. a, ks : 1 . What is the difference ( 12) R. D. G. writes : 1. What is the stanrl· yellow, asphaltum, Vandyke brown, and terra di between a dynamo-electric machine and a magneto ma- ard taper fQr steam and gas pipe tbread, taps and dies, sienna are the principal substances used for the color. ehine? A. A dynamo-electric machine furnishes II cur- and number of tll1'liads of dijferent sized pipes ? A. ing. After the proper shade has been determined, the

selected ingredients are mixed with 1 part japan, 2 of boiled oil, and 3 of turpentine, and ground fine in a mi ll.

(19) N. Y. K. ask., : Will you please tell me of seme article that will effectually remove the color from hair? I tried peroxide of hydrogen,but it did not have the desired effect. A. Peroxide of bydrogen is undoubtedly the best bleaching agent lhat can be used to remove the coloring matter from hair. Gaseous chlorine has been used, but not with such great success as the hyarogen peroxide. In fact, the oxygen is the bleaching agent, and whether it be obtained from the various chlorine compounds or from other su bstances, its effect must be the same. 2. The best article you know of that will remove hair. A. Electricity is used to remove superfluous hair from t.he face. Various pastes made from the sulphide of the alkalies and alka· line earths are lIkewise used. The following is a well known depilatory: :Mix 3 parts sod'um sulphide crys· tallized, 10 parts finely powdered quick lime, and 11 parts starch. It should not be applied longer than 2 to 4 minutes.

(20) J. A. writes : Is there any particular rnle fur the manufacture of triangles? In a portion of this town the ringing of bells on locomotives is fO frequent that the ordinary bell alarm on a fire station does not attract the attention of the people, and a triangle is suggested. We want a triangle contaming about seven feet long of steel. What width and thi ckness is best, and is tbere any particular rule for the make of it! A. For a triangle, take a bar of good tool steel l inch sqnare about 7 or 8 feet long. Suspend it by a cord at two po;uts, or lay it upon two pi eces of rope npon a bench about one·third" of the l,ngth from each end. Strike the bar witli 8 mallet and ascertain the axis of vibration by moving the bearings in or out until a full tone is obtained, then mark the bearings and bend the triangle.

I N D E X O F I N V E N T I O N S For which Letters Patent 01' the lJnltcd

States wel'e Granted

November 18, 1 884, A N D E A CH REARING THA T D A T It .

[See note at end o f list about copies o f these . patents.]

Air compressor, rotary. L. S. Chichester . . . . . . . . . . 308.061 Alarm. See Burglar alarm. Aluminium, extracting the metal, W. Frisbmuth. 808.152 Ammonia soda. apparatus for the manufacture

of. B. D. Maguin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,063 Anti-friction device, J. M. Weymouth . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,111 Axle box, J. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.228 Axle lubricator, car, IV. H. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.123 Balance, proportional, D. L. Roberts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,198 Barrel header, W. Halfman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OF.012 Beak horn, portable, revolving, E. Mansfield . . • . . . 308,084 Bearings, automatic alarm for friction. J. O'Con-

nell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,192 Belt fastener, M. Helfernau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 257 Belt tightener, J. W. Bixby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.051 Blackboard. W. H. Whittemore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.296 Blanks, manufacture of split, W. Garrett . . . . . . . . . 308,250 Bolt cutter, C. W. Levalley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 808.267 Book, copy, E. P. Conner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,141 Book. pocket memorandum. H. T. Whipple . . . . . . . 808.2\l6 Boot or shoe, F. M. Hoyt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,074 Boots, machine for making felt, L. Ruel . . . . . . . . . . . 308.282 Bootie cooler, E. 'l'ruxall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,217 Box. See Paper box. Brick machine, C. L. Carman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.303 Buckle fastener. J. F. Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,130 Bulfer, R. P. Garsed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,069 Burglar alarm, B. S. Barckdall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.048 Button, E. F. Bosworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B08,300 Button'fastener, J. J,owe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.268 Button fastener blank, P. H. Sweet, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . 308,107 Button fastening. J. F. Atwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,299 Car coupling. G. O. S. Conway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.304 Car coupling, W. D. Marsbel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,270 Car coupling, E. F. O' Haver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 • • • • 3OR,100 Car coupling, W. H. Pangb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.277 Car coupling, L. & G. P. Stebbins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS.103 Car coupling. A. A. Stetson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30H 32J Car coupling, T. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,n9 Car, pilot. J. Pesana y Pinol . . . . . . . . . . . . '" . . . . . . . . 308.325 Car starter. J. J. Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.2:12 Carpet stretcher. B. F. Williamson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.122 Carrier. See Trace or shaft carrier. Case. See Label case. Violin case. Cash indicator, register, and recorder, W. L.

Horne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,259 Centrifugal machine. J. C. Poland, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.326 Chains, art of and machine for making, E. Oury . . 308.324 Chair. G. C. Winchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,226 Chimney cowl, �I . Ludwig et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 808,317 Churn. A. C. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " .... . 308,240 Cburn. J. H. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,215 Ch urn, B. 1. Williams . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,121 Clgarmaker's gauge, Ii. J. Watteyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.115 Clamp. See Thill clamp. Cleaner. See Coal cleaner. Clock regnlatinl< mechanism, F. A. Lane . . . ... . . . . . 308.265 Clover huller. F. Strobel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.330 Coal cleaner, W. H. Shepherd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OF.206 Cock, cylinder, Twiggs & Porter . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . 808,3,3 Calfee roasting, method of and device for, R. S.

Jennings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.169 Coke oven. F. Carves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,133. Cooler. See Bott l e cooler. Cotton press packing bOX, J. S. Smith . . . . . . . • • • . . . . 308.208 Cotton, treating certain kinds of, W. H. Martin . . 308,185 Coupling. See Car coupling. Crusher. See Stone crusher. Cultivator. M. H. Hitchcock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.071 Cultivator. band, J. D. Hurd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 308.163 Cultivator shield, E. B. Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,166 Cut-olf valve, J. H. Man . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.181 Cutter. See Bolt cutter. Statk cutter. Cutting apparatus. w. H. Sharood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,:m Damper for smoke consuming furnaces. F.

Whitehead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,224 Desk, A. Cutler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.142 Door hanger, W. Barry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,125 Doors. stay roller for s l id ing, E. Laass . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,171 Drawers, Weishampel & Towles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,221 Drawers, dust cover for, A. J. HamUton . . . . . . . . . . 008.156 Drier. See Fruit drier. Grain drier. Drier, �'. Brotherhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,237 Drill. See Grain drill. Electric cable SUllPort or hanger, A. S. Weaver . . . S{)9,:!�U


$titufifi t �mtritau. [DECEMBER 6, 1 884. Electric ClrcUlts, apparatus for breaking, J. L. I Poultice. A. Elberson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . OOS,24S II ('!gars, Fitzpatrick & Draper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.�

Huller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,201 Press. See Printing press. Cough and croup sirup, N. K. M an.fleld . . . . . . . .. . . . . t1,685 ElectriC machine, dynamo, S. H. Short . . . . . . . . . . . 308,207 Press for dishing nollow articles, J. Robertson ... . 308,098 Cough Sirup, J . M. Sparks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 11,692 Elevator. See Hay elevator. Water elevatcr. Printing press. T. ForknaJl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3()8,150 CraCkerS, milk, G. young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 11,697 Fabrics, etc .. machine for stretching and winding Propelling vessels, L. C. Thorp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 308,109 Flour, Wheat, P. H. Copland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 11,678 cI }I.tAYlr(�. en woven, Lodge & Oldroyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.081 Protector. See Vine and frnit tree protector. Hame tugs, Underwood Hame Tug Company . . . . . . 11,693 CINCINNATI. O. Faucet, lock, Howard & Locke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 808,161 Pu'p In pulp engines, stirring, G. F. Harlan . . . . ... . 308,255 Inhaling vapors and compounds for use therewith, SDlE AG!NTS UNITED STATES. Faucet. self-clOSIng, T. M cHugh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,186 Railway chair, Bryant & Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,0.."'4 apparatus for, C. B. Harness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 11,677 .,.. .A.. F.A. Y' db CC> • • Feed water heater and clarifier, J . Mahony . . . . . . . . 308,180 Railway, elevated, T . P. Chandler, J r . . . . . . . . . . 308.059 Liver compound, D. W . Cnrry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 11,679 (Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A.) Ferric oxide and snlphurous acid from ferric sul- Railway gate. automatic, H. C. Reynolds . . . . . . . . • . 308.196 Medical compound for the cure or skin diseases �frN:,slve Agents and Importers for the United States,

phate, making. 'I'. Terrell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.289 Railway signaling apparatus, electric, B. Kron- and purification of tbe blood. J. F. Pool. . . . . . . . 11,689 e E L E B R A T E D Filter and cooler, combined, J. Carter . . . . . . . ... . . . . 308,058 biegel-Collenbusch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . 808.316 Medicines, certain specified, Hop Pi :1 Manufactur-Firearm, breech'loadlng, W. S. Teal]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.216 Railway switcb, dynamo-electric, M . Marshall . . . . 308,269 ing Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,683 P E R I N B A N D SAW B LA D E S , Firearm lock. R. M . D e Belleval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 241 I Railway switch lock, P. L . Pettengill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,278 M ediCine for purifying the blood, patent, R. J. Warranted .uperior to nil others I n quali ty. finish,

F· I I T LI brl k 808 179 R 'j t k I d fla M Ell' "08 06- S Ith 11 691 u n itm'mi ty of It'mper, and g .. neral durability. �re escape. . . nnen n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ., a.J way rae c earer a� . nger, �. . ,l� ' " • • • • • • 0 " ' m . . . . . � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , One l'el'i n �aw outwears t hree ordinary saws. FIre escape, H. Renscb . . . . " .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,279 .Rattan SCJ'apmg and sphttmg machme, Clinton & Panniers or bustles. Alaska Down Company . . . . .. . . 11'672 1----------------------Fire escape. cable, J. J Oros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,323 Agrolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,�39 Poisonous compound for destrOying animals and P " t" P 1)0 Your Fire kindler, B. W. Connelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.140 I Refrill'erator. D. H. Spicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,102 insects. Weeks & Potter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,695 rln Ing ress Own

Fire klndler. C Leduc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,178 Refrigerator wagon, J . A. Frey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,151 Remedies for rheumatism. A. H. Warner . . . . . . . . . . 11.694 pri n ti'$gl Flanging m acbine. A. Wilbur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS.297 Revolver. J. M. Marlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.183 Ribbons, velvet, Giron Freres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.682 &

Lab:�,i�:�sl�e�f�I'�:i�i��t�l:t: Floormg, etc , manufacturing parquets for, H. Revolver, double-acting, J. T. A ldrich . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.231 Sirop mineral snlfnreux, F. Renard . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 11,690 �end 2 stamps for Catalogue

Gerike . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • • . • • • • . • • • . . . • •• 0 • • • • • 308,318 RevolVillg table, W. L. Flemng . • . . • . • • . . . . • • • • • . . . • 808.245 Steam boilers. Rice. Whitacre & Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 11.696 CC��t' Yicei�l�:,ftC!�;r:

Flooring, wood, D. J. Marston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308, 184 Roller. See Shade roller. Tobacco. plug, Pflngst, Doerhoefer & Co . . . . . . . . . . . 11.688 Fork. �ee Hay fork. Roller mill. O. A. Byrns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 308.131 Tobacco, plug chewing, R. A. Patterson & Co . . . . . . 11,687 111 ��PlmtliingPressll Frame. See Grindstone frame. Ropes or cords, device for attaching loops to, A. Tobacco. smoking and chewing, C. W. Allen.l1 ,673, 11,67£ Frnit drier. J . Bachelder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,017 �l cDonald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,087 Yeast, compressed, Fleischmann & Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,681 n vr DIES AND DTHERTDOLS' Fruit jar, N. W. Krouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,174 Rotary engine, P. B. A. Ganot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,249 Frnit picker, I I . W. Fol.om . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 308 148 Rubber compOSitions, manufactnre of, J. J. C. Jfuel and making the same, artifiCial, W. Griffith .. 308,154 Smitb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,209 Furnace. A . Hopkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 308m3 Rubber, devulcanlzing and restoring vulcanized, Gauge. See Cigarmaker's gauge. J. J. Montgomery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,130 Game apparatus. J. A. Fitzgerald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.147 Sails. reefing, T. Fearon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,148 Gangway for ferryboats. supplemental, C. W. Sash fastener, I. N. Buck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,055

Doten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908,30S Sawmil l feed mechanism. J. Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,063 Garment supporter, C. H. Yarington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS,28O Saw teeth, device for setting and jOinting, D. Gas making machine. W. H. Hutcblns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,314 Logan . . . ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,082 Gas. manufacturing Illuminating, H. M. Paine . . . . 308,276 Sawing machine. band, P. Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30S,188 Gate. See Railway gate. Scale, W. R. Morse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ' " 308,321 Gate, J. G. Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,274 Ecale, E. R. Pnlfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,195 Genel ator. See Hot air generator. . Screw, J. Frearson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,246 Gigging machine, J. Woelfel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,227 Screwdriver, J. Frearson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,247 Grain and fertilizers, apparatus for distributing, Sewing machine covers, hinge plate for. W.

A. J. Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,271 Klenba . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 008,264 Grain binder cord holder, C. Colahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,062 Sewing machine shuttles, bobbin for, W. Koch . . 308,078 Grain drier, A. S. Tompkins et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUS 291 Sewing machine tuck folder, W. Matthews . . . . . . . 308.319 Grain drill, W. w. & F. M. Mullen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,M Shade roller, J. Al len . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,124 Grain drill. A. Runst.etier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 808,3n Sharpening machine knives, device for, R. O. Grain transferrin I! appar'ttus, Fl. S. Richards . . . . . . 308,095 Owen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.092 Grinding mil l . roller. ('. T. Hanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS,254 Shawl strap, T. Brooke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,052 Grindstone frame, L. McDermott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,OR6 Sheet metal vessels, collar for, J. F. Ross . . . . ... . . . 808.281 Hame, J. J. Kelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.262 Ship's drag. F'. Stanke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,211

J Hame strap, D. W. Emmons. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. 8Oll,068 Shirt, S. A. Fls�e� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 308,244 Handcnlf, I. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,075 Shovel. See Mmmg shovel. Harrow and seeder, combined, J. S. Corbin . . . . . . . . 308.305 Shutter fastener, I. Brooke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 808,128 Harvester and husker. corn, E. W. Quincy . . . . . . . . 308.094 Shutter worker, H. Camus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 308,057 Hat brim edges, machine for trimming, J. Nutt . . 308,191 Shutter worker, M. E. Peterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,194 Hay elevator, B. Oborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.275 Skate, roller. F. B. Mueller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.089 Hay fork, horse. P. W�rnm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,294 1 Skid, freigbt car, J. L. Rowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.200 Heat. clrculatinl! pipe for the transmission of, B. Sme lting nickel and cohaIt ores, A. Krupp . . . . . . . . 308.175

Rtiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,197 I Snap hook, G. A. Washburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.219 Heater. See Feed water heater. Soap, pyrethrum, J. Zacherl, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,172 Heel trimming machine. J. H . BuseH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.056 Spikes and machine therefor, manufacture of. Holdback, carriage. S. A. Prescott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.093 H. Greer . . " . ..... . .... . . . . .... . . . ..... . . . . . . .. . . 308,251 Holder •

. See Ticket holder. Spike_, die for and method of making, H. Greer . . 308,252

Hook. see Snap hook. Spindle bolster, G. Jaquith . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,167 Hoop fastener, W. D. Rlcbardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.280 Square. try, W. B. Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . 808.145 Horse leg brace, H. D. Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 808 114 1 Sta k cutter, G. w. & G. A. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 308.306 Horseshoe, E: R. Marshall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3O�,0S5 Stamp, hand, J. P. IWacott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.309 Hose tube, W. L. Teter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,SSl I Steamer. J. G. Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 308.116 Hot air generator, G. S. Sperry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 308,286 Stone. art or process of and composition for mak-Hul l er. Sec Clover huller. Ing artificial. J. H. Triclrey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.111 Indicator. See Casb indicator. Stone crusher, T. A. Blake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,284 to 308,236 Ink and paint mill, L. P. Clawson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.138 Stone, treating natural and artificial, J. L. Kess-Inkstand, M. Herzberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.157 ler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,268 Inkstand, J. S. Hoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,100 Stool, plano, H. W. Hadley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,155 Jar. See Fruit 1ar. Stopper In washbowls, Sinks, and bathtubs, M. F. Label case. dru,ggist's, B. Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS,076 Deegan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 308.307 Ladder, E. P. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 308,3&1 stove and furnace grate, T. Kruse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308, 1 76 Lamps, machine for shaving conductors for elec- Stove, heating. A. J. Weiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 308 222

trlc, J J. Bradley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,301 Stovepipe thimble. A. J. Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,272 Lastinl< jack, M. O'Fallen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,091 Stove, steam generating. B. E. Sperry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,210 Lasting tool. H. Brossei. ... . . . . . ... . . . . .... .. . ....... 308.058 Stoves and grates, constrnction of domestiC, H. Leather stretcher. R. S. Jennings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,171 Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,290 Leather stretching macblne. R. S. Jennings . . . . . . 308,170 Strap. See Hame strap. Shawl strap. Lens, ophthalmoscopiC test, C. A. Buckl in . . . . . . . . 308,302 Straw stacking machine, C. E. M errifield . . . . . . . . . . 3OS,088 Lock. See Trunk lock. Vehicle seat lock. Sucker rod, R. H. Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,233 Locomotive, T. P. Cbandler, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,060 Supporter. See GaTment supporter. Loom sbnttle. J. )lagee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,31S Syringe attachment. C. 1 1 . BntIln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 3OS.2SS Loom stopping mechanism, M. A. Furbnsh et al • • 308,311 Table. See Revolving table. Lubricator. See Axle lubricator. Tapping gas and water fittings, machine for, E. J. Lubricator. A. Baur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 808,127 M anville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.182 Lubricator. Hodges & M cCoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 808,258 Telephone, J. N. )OIcIntlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,273 Magney mill, E. S. Barreiras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 .0<19 'l'elephone and time system, combined, R. W. Mail bag fastem'r, C. 1\' . J elferson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.168 Willson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.225 �I anure spreading machine, W. H. Crandall . . . . . . . 308,064 Telephone exchange system, J. P. Freeman . . . . . . s613.24S Mattress frames. construction of spring, E. Hos- Telephone exchanges. multiple switchboard for.

klns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30S.260 M. G. Kellogg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.315

DESIGNS. Air compress;)r frame, C. Beseler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,551 Carpet, H. Horan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 15,553, 15.554 Carpet, C. W. Swapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 15,568 Clock case, A. O. J ennings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 15,558 Clock case. S. B. Jerome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,559 Coffin handle, T. S. Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,562. 15,568 Costume, lady's, M. Kavanagh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . 15.561 Costume, lady's, J. Q. Reed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J5,564 Costume, lady's. S. J. Shiels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,585 Costume, m iss's, M. Kavanagh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5.bOO Drip pan, C. Woehrle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,570 Handkerchief. H. B. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,589 Hatchet, W. S. Skinner . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,567 Lamp globe. J. J. Kittel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 15,566 Pipe moutbpiece. M. Dlttenhoefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,552 'l'ype ornaments, H. Ihlenburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 15,555 Type, printing, H. Ihlenbnrg. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 15,556, . 15,557

A printed copy of the specification and drawing of any patent in the foregoing list. also of any patent Issued since 1866, will be furnished from this olflce for 25 cents. In orderiug please state the number and date of the patent deSired, and remit to Munn & Co . . 361 Broadway, New York. We also furnish copies of patents granted prior to IS66 ; but at Increased cost. as the specifications. not being printed, must he copied by hand.

Canadiau Patents may now be obtained by the inventors for any of the inventions named in the foregoin� bst, at a cost of $40 each. For full instructionaddress Mnnn ISo CO., 361 Broadway, New York. Other foreign patents may also be obtained.

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HAM' MERS :::;��:=:. DROP FORalNC8, &0'. ' .6IiI .. " Parker P .... Co .. ·

IIHtUfolllmltGallll. , �

UPRIGHT

D R I LL S ALL SIZES.

BOR ING -AND-

TURN ING M ILLS ,

48 and 72 inch swing.

H, BICKFORD Cincinnati, Ohio.

EMPIRE OF BRAZIL. P R O P O S A L S

F OR THE ILLUM I N AT I O N OF THE CITY OF R IO DE JANEI RO RY HAl'I.

By order of the Imperial Government It is made public that proposals for the illumination of the city Of fl-io de Janeiro by gas will by received up to 3 P. M. of Febrnary 28, 11j85. at th:s LegatIOn and at the ilrazillan Consulate General in N ew Y ork. Specifications and � eneral condi-tiW�:l�;t

eo��W��'::tb�� rf.fJ�i�tion at the same places.

1. NEW IDEA l

J. G. do AM ARAL VALENTE, Cbarge d'Alfalres of Brazil.

On receipt of WILLIAM S PO RT $1.00 will send ��n);.g� P:�:�I:�; postpaid : A pair

market.

In Door flhOPs, Box of "Hyatt's Pat. and Furniture Man- Indicators"showufactories. For plan- ingTrnmll,Points ��';>�Otx �tt�� :d and Games : A fine Furniture work, it Pack ofCal'il s has no equal. " pockpt

We use the Ellis on Whist by Wm. rg��1 ��:e an�a"! Pole. F. R. S. solid f o r g e d steel ---------------------head. Two pressure E. P. THOM PSON. III ,E., 9 Murray !'It. , New Tork, hars. I;[as s t r o n g I ET.E{;T II ICA I. EX PERT. feed. Will'plane f�om Member American :';oclety M echankal Engineers, and 1-16 to 6 mch tbICk. American Institnte Electrical Engineering �::r.�t, ��e�' fI��t! ' .

class planer In the ROWLEY & HERMANCE, Williamsport, Pa. Beautiful & Lasting for ORNAMENTING

WINDOWS. DOORS, TRANSOlUS, &00 ROUTHWARK¥OUNDRY � MACHINECOM�AN-r.

J 480 Washington Ave. Philadelphia. , ENGINEERS &MACHI N IST$ IlIJBl Sta i n e d BL O WINC ENGINES AND HYDRA ULIC MACHINERY 1;) S O L E MA KERS OF TH E 1:1 N£ .r0�TEP�LEN F(SOUTHWARKAuTOMATIC CUT OfF STEAM r.,NG I •

Measure, grain, J. W. Moyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 308.322 Telephone system, C. A. Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,165 Measure, tape. F. M. Slagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.287 Telephonio inst rument snpport, 'tregnrtha & RAILWAY AND STEAM FITTERS' SUPPLIES Medical compound. A. Bevier . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.050 LOring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sos, 110 • G l ass

S U B ST ITUTE M ica sheet, compOSite, J. L. Rorison . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 308.199 Tetrahydro'parachinanlsol, production of, Z. H. Rue's Little Giant Injector. Middlings purifier, C. G. Rollins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3O!l,099 Skraup . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,286 SCREW JACKS, STURTEVANT BLOWERS. &c. Mill. See Grinding mi ll. Ink and paint mill. Thermostat, A. W. Tnbbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,293

Maguey mill. RoIlnr mill. Thermostat, Wilder & Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,120 JOHN S. URQU HA RT, 46 Cortlandt St., N. Y. AT SMALL COST. Send for TIInstrated Cat&. Mill burr, L. P. & C. Teed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 308.108 Thill clamp. H. K. Forbis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at1S,149 Mining shovel. power, G. D. Whltcomh . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,118 Thrasher and separator, combined. J. Davis . . . . . . 308,065 Miter machine, Stmy & Lowery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.213 Tbrasbing machine cylinder teeth, blank for Mitering machine. P. Cashin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30S,134 formtng, J. ( 'hrlsnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.135 Moulding, W. Gardner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,'n2 Tbrashing tooth. J. ChrIstian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.186 Motion, device for convertIng, M. P. Buffum . . . . . 808,129 Ticket holder, J. H. Stewart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,105 Motor for light machinery, W. Vogpl . . . . . . . . . . . 308,21S Tobacco granulating macblne, M. Shirk . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS.101 Musical instrnment, mechanical, P. Ehrlich . . . . . . . 808,242 Tongue support, J. W. Scbwarze!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,284 Nai ls and spikes, making. H. Greer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,253 Trace or shaft carrier, M. B. Carey . . . . . . . . . . . . .. , . . 308.132 Nose bag, O. C. Hayward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,256 Track crOSSing apparatus, H. Aiken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,298 Nut lock, S. A. Lesan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,286 Trees. device for felIlng, P. ;l-lliler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,187 . Oil meal. process of and apparatus for cooking, J. Trnnk lock, E. T. Starr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,212 1 •. H. Vaile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.112 Tube. See Hose tnbe. Package, liquid containing, J. M. Stimpson . . . . .. . . 308,/05 Valve gear. A. B. Landis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.079 Packing. cupped leather piston. A. Campbell . . . . . 308,239 Vehicle seat, J. Walton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.118 Packing, piston, W. Heston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,158 Vehicle seat lock, A. E. steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 308,104 Paint for ships bottoms, drydocks, etc .. compost- Vehicle. two-wheeled, L. S. Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,187

tion, J. H. Dilks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.066 Vehicle, two-wheeled, J. Howell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 308,162 Painter's sizing, fresco. H. De Rossi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,143 Vehicle wheel, C. E. Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.292 Palntinl' on glass. decorative. E. J. Irlande . . . . . . . . 808.164 'Vessel and apparatus for cutting channels In Paper box, E. B. Munson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,190 wnterways. J. Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,153 Paper feeding device, A. Sedgwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,285 Vessel for dispenSing fluids, P. Hartmann . . . . . . . . 308.070 Paper feeding machine, G. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,11 9 Vine and frnit tree protector, E. D. Hill . . . . . . . .. . . 308,159 Paper folding macblne, J. H. Stonemetz . . . " " . . . 308.214 Violin case, 1 I .IKleineick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.077 Pawl, G. Roberts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,097 Warming pan, J. Barton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.126 Peg wood sharpener, IV. G. Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.204 Watch mainspring Winder, A. F. Robbins . .. . . . . 308.096 Pegging machine. H. Schflrhuber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,200 Watch spring holder. C. H. Morgan et al . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,820 Pen . stylographic. L. Fl. Dunlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,1« Water elevator, Lobb & Strader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,080 Plano action. J. Rndolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.201 Wheel. J. I. Hoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Il8,160 Picker. See Fruit picker. WindmlII . C. S. Sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,205 Pipe casing. J. F. & J. F. Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.228 Plane. rabbet, J. A. Traut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,332 Planter. check row, ('om, J. Kirkwood . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.173 Planter check row, corn, J. D. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.886 TRADE MARKS. Plow. M. Satterlee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308,288 BISCUItS, J. Beatty & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,676 Plow jOinter, O. W. Haegg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.835 Biscuits, Johnston Bros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,884 Plow standard. J. R. Sampson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3OS,202 Blankets, W. Ayres & Sons . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,675 Post driver, F. M. Ewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 308,310 Carpet warp, Mount Ida Manuractnrlng Company. 11,686

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rJ£RFEC'1' NEWSPAPER FILE

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FRET SAW OR BRACKET WOODS, I N C H O I C E A N D R A R E V A R I E T Y ,

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the great number of persons, including Physicians and Nurse�, who used the INHA.LER as a preventive, not one is known to bave been attacked witb any of tbe (liseases to wbich tbey were exposed.

!l��o1fo��YW�.'e�� :a�!"'��tCt'h�b

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Read The Recollections of a Boy-Page in the U. S. Senate, in the December number of ST. NICHOLAS, if you cannot make out the autograph ; the article will interest old and young. This is the Christmas issue, containing contributions from Whittier, Trowbridge, Stockton, Boyesen, Mary Mapes Dodge, Miss Alcott, and others. It costs but 25 cents and makes

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FORE I GN PATENTS. Their Cost Reduced.

V�Tbe expenses attending tbe procuring of patents In

most foreigu countries baving been considerably reduced, tbe obstacle of cost is no longer in the way of a large proportion of our inventors patenting tbeir inventions abroad

CA N A J)A .-Tbe cost of a patent in ('anada is even less tban tbe cost of a United States patent. and tbe

former inrh'des tbe Provinces of Ontario. Quebec, New BrunswiCk, �Tova Scotia, British Columbia, and Manitoba.

Tbe number of onr patentees wbo avail themselves of tbe cbeap and easy metbod now offered for obtaining patents in Canada is very large, and Is steadlJy increasing.

E N CH, A N D.-Tbe new Englisb law, wbicb went into force on Jan. 1st, enables parties to secure patents in Great Britain nn very moderate terms. A Britisb patent includes England, ScotJand, Wales, Ireland, and tbe Cbannel Islands. Great Britain Is tbe acknowledged financial and commercial center of tbe world. and ber goods are sent to every quarter of tbe globe, A good Invention is like l y to realize as mucb for tbe patentee in England as bis United States patent produces for him at bp'Ue. and tbe .mall cost now renders it possible for almost every patentee in tbls country to secure a patent in ({reat Britain. wbere bis rigbts are as well protected as In tbe United ,tates.

O'l'HE It C O U N 'I' IUES.-Patents are also obtained on very reasonable terms in France, Belgium, G ermany Austria, Russia. Italy. Spuin (the latter includes Cuba and all the otber Epanisb Colonies). Brazil, Brltisb India, Australia, and tbe otber Britisb Col onies

An experience of THIRTY-!I:IGHT years has enabled . the publisbers of l'HE SCIENTIFIC AM EItICAN to establish competent .. nd trustwortby agencies In all tbe principal foreign countries, and It bas always been tbelr aim to bave tbe business of tbelr clients promptly and properly done and tbeir Interests faithfully gnarded.

A pamphlet containing a synopsis of tbe patent laws of all count rips, Including tbe cost for eacb , and otbe

Information useful to persons contemplating tbe pro· curim: of patents abroad, may be bad on application to tbls office.

ll1 () N N & ('0 .. Editors and Proprietors of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, cordially Invite all persons deSiring any information relative to patents, or tbe registry of trade-marl,s. In this country or abroad, to call at tbeir offices. 001 Broadway. Examination of Inventions, consultation, and advice free. Inquiries by mall promptly answered.

Address, M UN N & CO.,

I Publisbers ond Patent SOliCitors, 861 Broadway, New York.

Branch Office. c�r. F and 7th Streets, oppOSite Pat&llt Office Wasblngton, D. C.


390

Inside i"su re, eae" iuse.·tl ot . .. .. .. 7;) (' ... " l lil � line. !l .. ck P"I(e, ellc" i llsel 'tioll - - - 5 1 . 00 a line.

(A bout eight words to a line.) M/,(Jravings may he.ad adv.ertisements at the 8ame rate per line, Oy measurerr.4tt, as the letter presr.. Adver

liBements must be received at publicatirm q1Jlce as earl'll a8 Thursday morning to /IiPP6ar in nellJt t88U8.

O R I S P I N 'S A W L .

This Is a tool for evel"fbOdy. It Is a hollow handle, made of hard wood. five mches long, and weighing three ounces. It contains. Inside on a spool, 50 feet of best waxed linen shoe tl>read. The spool Is also hollow, and ��

t::l.':,��¥:: t:l:lI�

n3t��h�

en�:�1�:�� t:��sSktf{i=

handle, and are held by a set-screw as seen In the cut. It is for use In the Iiouse. stable, field camp, or on the road for making immediate rer.alrs, when one use of It will be worth more than Its who e cost. Sent, by mall, on receipt of �a cents, Hardware .dealers will fUrnish it at the same price. ltl l l. l. E K S FA I . I.S COMPA N Y , 74 (;hambers St., N ew Y ork.

T E L E P H O N E S. The United States Te lephone Mfg. Co.

This Compnny is the owner of the patents of James W. McDonongh for speaklnll telephones. t1i�fw��".::t�11f:'�:�PB��.

i��t�';it �riI��

tf;"a" 8��:

telephone ; all other telephones are an Infringement of these patents. This Company also owns patents cover-1'1� ��::E�"ot,:'e��t::ln

o:d ��rWo��mpany or

Its authorized licensees are intrin�ment8, and the makers. sellers. and USers wil l be proceeded against. '['his Com pany are n ow prepared to sell Tele

phone" of. the most improved form. For particulars apply to

The United �tates Tf'I.phone Mallufaetnrlng Clo., 1 87 B R O A D W AY N . Y.

DRAWING I Illustrated �atalogue sent on appl.catlon to

INSTRUMENTS WlIL T . COMSTOOK,� . . 6 Astor Place, • New York.

F. B rown's Patent FRICTION CLUTCH.

The " M O N I TO R . " A NEW I.IFTING ANQ NON

LIFT I N G INJEC'I'OR.

Best Boller Feeder In the world.

y��'��d��: not Break nnder Sudden Changes of Steam Pressure.

A I .o Pll lellt EJ ECTO RS

OR Water Elevators.

For Conveying . Water and LlqUld. 1�lltelit Oller ... , 1�1I " brtN.tor .... et,e.

N A T H A N - M A N U FACT U R I N C C O M PA N Y . 8_ 1>, .. 1&1_.. _ 92 It. 94 Li bert)' St. , New Yo rk.

' 8URNHAM'S- SElF;.ADJUSTING SWING CHECK VALVE. ' . Users of Check Valves will please note the advantage these Valves possess OVer all others. The most i:rnp.ortant clat:rn Is, that as the J enklnsf Disk wears, the yoke that passes aronnd the seat moves away fi'o:rn the seat In pro p o rtion to the wear oC the Dillki thus caulling a unlCor:rn wear oCthe Disk untll lIaid Disk Is camp etely worn out.

tJ"::m1'T:B;.X1'T 18 ElE'l. C> 18 • • 7' 1 J o h n Street, N e w York. Send for Price List "A." 79 Kilby et. , Boston.

. � A GENT!!! : Rees, Shook & Co.,Plttsbnrg, Pa. Ahrel\l' �Ryan, Loulsvile,Ky. Weir & Craig. Minneapolis. Minn. Gibson & Clark,Clnclnnatl, Oblo. Jamer t '<U1, Detroit, Mich. Pond Engineering Co., St. LO ·,is, Mo. Chafer & Becker.Cleveland,Ohlo. w eir.' lO .go, ill. Marinette Iron W ks. Co., Chl�3go, ill. Dunham, Carrigan & Co., San ' � i. English Brothers,Kansas City, Mo. _____________ �He·1 !J. )ff M_'f_'g_C_O_.,_D_e_ll_v_e_r,_C_O_I_ .. _-'-__________ _

Curtis Pressu' �b ! 4tor� PIPE COVERING. Is :a'J��r�: � i .� ft .:;!' the same space as a f � ..... it has no glands or packlllf CZI � .-up valve.

CURTIS \) � p� TRAP Has main valve ou tride • .nd air valve

insidB. CURTIS REGULATOR CO., 34 Beverly St., Bost01l, Mass.

E R I C S S O N'S NEW CAWRIC

PUMPING ENGINE, FOJ!.

Dwelllnrs &. Clountry Seats

�=�n l fi:fu�� st�i Delamater Iron Works,

c. H. Delamater & Co" Proprietors,

16 Cortin ndt. St,oeet, New York, U. S. A.,

And 40 Deo.l·born St., C liico.KO, III.

BOGARDUR' PATENT UNIVERRA L ECCENTRIC MILLS-For grinding Bones, Ores, Sand Old

CrUCibles, Fire Clay Guanns, 011 cake, Feed, rom, Corn and Cob, Tobacco, Snuff, Sugar, Salts, Roots, Spices, Coffee, Cocoanut, Flaxseed, Asbestos, Mica, etc., and whatever cannot be grQunu by other mills, Also for PalntsJ _Prlnters' Inks, Paste Blacking. etc. JOHN W. THOMSON, successor to JAMES BOGARDUS, corner of White and Elm Sts., New York.

• BARREL, KEG, . H c gsh ead , AND STAVE 1IIACHtNERY. OVer I!O varieties manu

faetured by E. & B. HOLDS,

BUFFALO, N. Y.

SPEAKING TELEPHONES. THE UIERWA-N BEI,t TEU�PHONE ClOlllP.lNY,

w. H. FoIIBES, W. R. DRIVER, THEO. N. VAIL, .PreBidImt. 'l'retl8'llffl". .Gen. Manager. Alexander Graham lIeU's patent of March 7. 18'76, ?�:31� M'l�r��':E:�';o�o(j:it�ri

e¥e{��:'�f,"'i.'l::l:,t

the voice of the speaker causes electric undulations corresponding to the words spoken. and which articu l&tlonsjlroduce .imilar articulate sounds at thl! receiver. The Commissioner of Patents and the U. S. Circuit (Jourt r::��w��:U��':. t;a�:;��a��:e':��t�n�� i,:!�:�

abfr!

j��;'�:'�dh�\':fi�":"s��t��n�t'ii.r:� ::,:r6e�: , XlI any also owns and controls all the other ,t entions of Bell, Edison, Berliner, Gray, , Watson. and others. . Te ePbKn:S

ef�

t\'¥lf.!�: f%':�m�g,a..��PjJ��r

i�:',j�ems

::=nr: ��'l,c:��n::e;e�IY or throngh the authorized

All telephones obtafned except lrom this company, or Its authorized licensees. are Infringements, and the makers. sellers. and usen will be proceeded against

Information furnished upon application. A<l.dress all communications to the

A lll E ltHJA N 111'.:1 . 1 . 'l'E I .EI' H U N E (J O M I'A N Y, 93 IUIII, St" eet, B08,01l, 111 0.88.

Fireproof Non-conductlng Coverings for Steam Pipes, Boilers, and "II hot surfaces. Made in sections three �r'e��'1fiill::lrrp':J'�li,g .. �:.f

s�::1I:!�t

e"'a

lll

C H A L M E RS-S P E N C E � O . 419;4�1 Ei"hth St., N ew York.

NOTIClE to Users of Steam Pumps. We have received followiilg letter in

regard to one of our No. 6 U L " ($16) Steam Jet Pumf," elevating 1", inch pipe of water

.�e,rIJs:n:r�i�

t J'�S��, 1883. " VAN DI'ZEN & TIFT, cincinnati, 0. : .. Money could not buy the Jet of ns

unless another could be had. 1 would not give your No. r; ' � L " for a $700 pump, equal distance to raise. U N. A. Litchfield, Supt. Mich. Slate Co."

We make Ten Sizes of these Pumps. Prices $7 to $7'9 Capacities 100 to 20,000 gallons �r hour. State for �hat purpose w

t-'1� if�rR�f� Tl�r.�r��=lf·�. ROLLITO.N E VARI En LATH E .

:'II1!iI!I"'- !:r�r1WJ'=;�el� ers and Buzz Planers ; Band Saws ; WarliweU'. Patent Saw Btnch Dowel Machine ; Chair Machinery ; Boller Machine!!, etc. Also large stock of Second /WInd MaeMnef'll aIiwwys on hand. Send for catalogue, s!t�,lr�� '�iirc�1:::' to .ROLLSTONE MACHINE,

4 Mus.

GASKILL'S STEAM ' PUMPS, AND

GASKILL'S HIGH DUTY PUJIlPING ENGlNES. For pnblic water supply. Manufactnred by

THE HO LLY MFG. eo., Lockport, N. Y.

� ATm:a... . KORTING UNIVERSAL Cities, Towns, and ManufactorIes DOUBLE TUBE. INJECTOR Supplied by GJ!.EEN & SHAW PATENT TUBE AND GANG WELL SYSTElII. �!!!t�JLb;,R!;��:

Wm. D. Andrews &: Bro., 233 Broadway, N. Y. P08'T.�I��T��G�A�[.��:��ER Infringers of above patents will be prosecuted.

WILL LIFT WATER 26 FEET. SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR. OFF I C ES A N D W A R E ROOMS :

l'hilada.,.!2tn & Thompson sts' l New York, 1 09 Liberty Boston, Ul Oliver St. Street. Augusta, Ga., 1028 Fenwick St. nenver, Col ., 4B8 Blake San Francisco, Cal., � OaUfor- Street. nia. Street. Chicago, Ill., 204 Lake St.

WIT H ElRBY, R U UU It RICHA RDSON. Manufacturers of Patent I\" ood Working :11 achlnery of every descrip-tion. FaclliUe. unsurpassed. Shop formerly occupied Address JOHN A . ROEBLING'S SONS Manufactur-by R. Ba,1 & co .. Worcester, Ma" •• Send for Catalogne. ers, Trenton. N. J . , or 117 Liberty Street, New York . $" to $90 per day at home. Samples worth $6 free. 0) '" Address STINSON & Co .. Portland,Malne.

B�'!.�' LIQUID � AINTS R O O F I N e .

Fire-proof Building Felt, Steam Pipe aDd Boller Cove rlng_, Steam Pack.

lag, Mill Boa rd, Gaskets, !;heathlagB, Fire-p. oof Coatings. Cement, .te.

DESCRIPTIVE PRICE LIST AND SAMPLES J'B.BE.

IV heels and Rope for conveying power long distances . Send for circular.

COMMON SENSE CHA IRS A ND Uo()KERS. strong, durable, and comfortable. No light. trashy

stulr, but good, honest home comforts. SpemBl discount to clergymen. Send stamp for catalogue to

F. A. l'iIN CLA IR,

For sale by �rJ:s't�l:.;sl��W�aD�::.ty, N. Y .

Doub le Screw, Paral le l , Leg Vises. Made and WARRANTED BtrQ?lllllr than any other Vise by EAGLE A N VIL WORKS only. 'l'l·elltoll, !Ii . J .

C R ATE F U L-CO M FORT I N C . ·

E P P S' S C 0 C 0 A .

BOOKWUTER ENGINE. Compact, Substamial. Econom_ Ical, and easily managed : guaranteed to work well and give full power claimed. Engine and �r��

t:t!:�,

CI�lr�e

t1fo� Kri:fi'o"�Sl!l POWER . . . . . . . ,UO 00 �� :: . :: . . . . . . . . 280 00 � .. . . : : : . : : : : :g � a:w- Put on cars at Springfield, O.

JAMES LEFFEL & CO., Springfleid, OhiO,

or 110 Liberty St •• New York. "COLU M BIA B I CYCLES Ne��tra!�l

.

Cp!��!!:gu� giving full descriPtion of these machines. sent for stamp.

'l'HE l'Ol'E M'F'G CO • • 69'1 WashingtonSt" Boston, Mus.

G A S . E N G I N E S . I'Iimple, Substantial, Safe, Economical.

One horse power will pump 1,000 galions of water 100 feet high per hour with S5 feet of gas. One-half norse power will pump /iOO gallons 100 feet high with 26 feet of gas. PO WER DETERM I N E D BY A CTUA l. TEST.

Call and see them, or for circulars and prices address , THE CONTIN ENTAL GAS ENGINE CO.,

No. �31 BROA D WAY NEW YORK.

Cl.ar k's N O I S E L ESS

RUBBER WHEELS E F LOORS. SAVE M O N E Y .

BEST IN TIlE WORLD. GEO. P. CLARK, (\Io:J: L.) W Indlor ·Lock .. Ct.

The Scientific American. T H E MOST POP U LAR SCI E NTI F I C PAPER

IN T H E WORLD . Publlahed Weekly, ,8,eO a Yeor ; '1.80 Six M .. t ....

This unrivaled periodical, now In Its fortieth year, continues to maintain its high reputation for excellence, and enjoys the largest cIrculation ever attained by any sctentiflc publication.

Every number contains sixteen large pages, beautifully printed, elegantly lllustrated ; It presents in popnlar style a descriptive recf)rd of the most novel. interesting, and Important advances In ScIence, Arts, and Manufactures. -It shows the progress of the World In respect to New Discoveries and Improvements, embracing Machinery, Mechanical Works, Engineering In all branches, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Electricity, Light, Heat, Architecture, Domestic Economy, Agrlcnlture, Natural History, etc. It abounds with fresh and interesting subjects for discussion, thought, or experiment : furnishes hnndreds of useful snggestlons for business. It promotes Industry, Progress, Thrift, and Intelligence In every community where it circulates.

The SCIENTIFIO AMERICAN ' should bave a place In every Dwelling, Shop, OfIIce, School, or J.1brary. Work- · men, Foremen, Engineers. Superintendents, Directors, Presidents, OfIIcials, Merchants, Farmers, Teachers, Lawyers. PhysIcians, ' Clergymen, people In every wllik and professlou in life, will derive benefit from a regular reading of TlI" SCIENTIFIC AMERIOAN.

Terms for tbe United States and Canada, 88.20 a year ; '1.00 six months. Specimen copies .free. Remit by Postal Order or Check.

MUNN & CO., Pnbli8hera. 361 Broadway, New York.

':E' � :m

Scientific American Supplement. THE SCIENTIFIO AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT Is a sepa

rate and distinct publication from THR SCIE!<TI1I'IO AMERICAN, but Is unIform therewith in size, every number contalnlng sixteen large pages. THE SCI ICNT . FIC A,,ERICAN SUPPLEMENT Is published weekly, and Includes a very wide range of contents. It presents the most recent papers by eminent writers In all the prinCipal departments of Science and the Useful Arts, embracing Biology, Geology, Mineralogy, Natural History, Geography, Archooology. Astronomy, Chemistry, Electricity, Light. Heat, Mechanical Engineering, Steam and Railway Engineering, Mining, Ship Building, Marine Engineering, Photography, Techhnology, Manufacturing Industrles, Sanitary Engineering, Agriculture, Horticulture, Domestic Economy, Blograpby, Medicine, etc A vast amoll1lt of fresh and valuable information pertaining to th�se and allied subjects is given, the whole profWlely illustrated with engravings.

TM most important Engineerihg Works, MechanIsmsand Manufactures at home and abroad are represented and described In the SUPPLEMENT.

Price for the SUPPI,EMENT for the United States and Canada. $6.00 a year, or one copy of the SCIENTIFIC AM_ EIIICAN and one copy of the SUPPLEMJCNT. both mailed for one year for $7.00. Address and remit by postal order or check,

lll U N N & Co., 361 Broadway, N. Y., Pnbllshers SCIENTIFIC AMEltICAN.

To Itol"ei !rn iSu bSCI'ibel"s.-Under the facilities of the Postal Union. the SCIENTIFIC AMERIOAN Is now sent by post direct from New York, with regularity, to subscribers In Great Britain. India, Australia, and all other

H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., B R E A K F AST. _____________________ British colonies : to France, Austria, Belgium, Germany,

87 M a l d e n Lane, N ew York. 170 N. 4th St" Phil&.. 46 Franklin St., Chioago.

Emerson's New� nook of S A W S l?:;',. �� :Ve�u��

, ��bf�r:s A. �� A.

H eaders to dVercome all dltllcultles, and WEdilion\v Sawyers Instructed In hanging . truing Or Btralghteninp and running all kinds o'i S A W S ��:J i��%Y a38=:to

Now rea�JWEl distribution.

Emerso\l, Smith & (Jo. (Ltd.), Beavel' Fo.Us, Pa.

.. By a thorongh knowledJ\!.of t·he natnral laws which I ��

vae�"!�:1 °.r;��'��nO�ti'h�

t��':. ��gp��'�:lg¥w�ye

�:t��e�lf��liYcitt!fi_'lI�o"r.rdl'O;!�:�:��ak::;

save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the Judicious nse of such artic les of diet that a constitution may be gradual ly built· up until strong enough to reSist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating aronnd us, ready to attack wherever there Is a wea� point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keepIng ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a prop. erly nonrished.frame." -CWil S.rV'ic. Gazette.

M ade simply with boiling water or milk. Sold ouly In 1t!'Jf-pound tins by Grocers, labeled thus : .TAlliES EPPS &: CO., Homceopathic Chemists,

London, EDrlaDd.

"1/'I7:K • .A.. :E3[.A.��rlS. Providence, It. 110 ( I»Drk St.), Slxmlnutel' walk Westhomet&tioD.

Orbtlno.l and Only Bnilder of the H A R R I S · COR LISS E N e I N E , With Harl'ls Pat. Improvements, from 10 to 1,000 H. P. Send for copy E ng i n eer's a n d Steam User's

Manllal. By 01. W. Hili M.E. Price 1 1 .25.

Russia, and all other European States ; Japan. Brazil. Mexico. and all States of Central and South America. Terms. when sent to foreign countries, Canada excepted, $4, gol:1, for SC I ENTIFIO AMERICAN, one year ; $9, gold, for both SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT for one year. This includes postage, which we pay. ReDllt by postal order or draft to order of

MUNN & CO., 361 ;Broadway, New York.

PRINTING INKS. 'THE . . Scientific American " fs_ printed with CRAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lom. bard st •. Phila., and 47 Rose St., opp. Dnane St., N. Y


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