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Set the Search Screen to the Classic Look

When I first saw the default search pane in Windows XP, my instinct was to return it to its classic look; that puppy had togo. Of course, I later discovered that a doggie door is built into the applet. Click "Change preferences" then "Without ananimated screen character." If you'd rather give it a bare-bones "Windows 2000" look and feel, fire up your Registryeditor and navigate to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ CabinetState.

You may need to create a new string value labeled "Use Search Asst" and set it to "no".

How to make your Desktop Icons Transparent

Go to ontrol Panel > System, > Advanced > Performance area > Settings button Visual Effects tab "Use drop shadows foricon labels on the Desktop"

Set Permissions for Shared Files and Folders

Sharing of files and folders can be managed in two ways. If you chose simplified file sharing, your folders can be sharedwith everyone on your network or workgroup, or you can make your folders private. (This is how folders are shared inWindows 2000.) However, in Windows XP Professional, you can also set folder permissions for specific users or groups.To do this, you must first change the default setting, which is simple file sharing. To change this setting, follow thesesteps:Open Control Panel, click Tools, and then click Folder Options.Click the View tab, and scroll to the bottom of the Advanced Settings list.Clear the Use simple file sharing (Recommended) check box.To manage folder permissions, browse to the folder in Windows Explorer, rightclick the folder, and then click

Properties. Click the Security tab, and assign permissions, such as Full Control, Modify, Read, and/or Write, to specificusers.

You can set file and folder permissions only on drives formatted to use NTFS, and you must be the owner or have beengranted permission to do so by the owner.

Restricting Logon Access

If you work in a multiuser computing environment, and you have full (administrator level) access to your computer, youmight want to restrict unauthorized access to your "sensitive" files under Windows 95/98.One way is to disable the Cancel button in the Logon dialog box.Just run Regedit and go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Network/Logon

Create the "Logon" subkey if it is not present on your machine: highlight the Network key -> right-click in the left handRegedit pane -> select New -> Key -> name it "Logon" (no quotes) -> press Enter. Then add/modify a DWORD value andcall it "MustBeValidated" (don't type the quotes). Double-click it, check the Decimal box and type 1 for value.Now click the Start button -> Shut Down (Log off UserName) -> Log on as a different user, and you'll notice that the

Logon Cancel button has been disabled.

Make your Folders Private

Open My Computer

Double-click the drive where Windows is installed (usually drive (C:), unless you have more than one drive onyour computer).If the contents of the drive are hidden, under System Tasks, click Show the contents of this drive.Double-click the Documents and Settings folder.Double-click your user folder.Right-click any folder in your user profile, and then click Properties.On the Sharing tab, select the Make this folder private so that only I have access to it check box.Note

To open My Computer, click Start, and then click My Computer.

This option is only available for folders included in your user profile. Folders in your user profile include MyDocuments and its subfolders, Desktop, Start Menu, Cookies, and Favorites. If you do not make these foldersprivate, they are available to everyone who uses your computer.When you make a folder private, all of its subfolders are private as well. For example, when you make MyDocuments private, you also make My Music and My Pictures private. When you share a folder, you also share allof its subfolders unless you make them private.You cannot make your folders private if your drive is not formatted as NTFS For information about convertingyour drive to NTFS

20 things you didn't know about Windows XP

You've read the reviews and digested the key feature enhancements and operational changes. Now it's time to delve a bitdeeper and uncover some of Windows XP's secrets.


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1. It boasts how long it can stay up. Whereas previous versions of Windows were coy about how long they went betweenboots, XP is positively proud of its stamina. Go to the Command Prompt in the Accessories menu from the All Programsstart button option, and then type 'systeminfo'. The computer will produce a lot of useful info, including the uptime. If

you want to keep these, type 'systeminfo > info.txt'. This creates a file called info.txt you can look at later with Notepad.(Professional Edition only).

2. You can delete files immediately, without having them move to the Recycle Bin first. Go to the Start menu, selectRun... and type 'gpedit.msc'; then select User Configuration, Administrative Templates, Windows Components, Windows

Explorer and find the Do not move deleted files to the Recycle Bin setting. Set it. Poking around in gpedit will reveal agreat many interface and system options, but take care -- some may stop your computer behaving as you wish.(Professional Edition only).

3. You can lock your XP workstation with two clicks of the mouse. Create a new shortcut on your desktop using a rightmouse click, and enter 'rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation' in the location field. Give the shortcut a name you like.That's it -- just double click on it and your computer will be locked. And if that's not easy enough, Windows key + L will

do the same.

4. XP hides some system software you might want to remove, such as Windows Messenger, but you can tickle it andmake it disgorge everything. Using Notepad or Edit, edit the text file /windows/inf/sysoc.inf, search for the word 'hide'

and remove it. You can then go to the Add or Remove Programs in the Control Panel, select Add/Remove WindowsComponents and there will be your prey, exposed and vulnerable.

5. For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number of interesting new commands. These include'eventcreate' and 'eventtriggers' for creating and watching system events, 'typeperf' for monitoring performance of

various subsystems, and 'schtasks' for handling scheduled tasks. As usual, typing the command name followed by /? willgive a list of options -- they're all far too baroque to go into here.

6. XP has IP version 6 support -- the next generation of IP. Unfortunately this is more than your ISP has, so you can onlyexperiment with this on your LAN. Type 'ipv6 install' into Run... (it's OK, it won't ruin your existing network setup) andthen 'ipv6 /?' at the command line to find out more. If you don't know what IPv6 is, don't worry and don't bother.

7. You can at last get rid of tasks on the computer from the command line by using 'taskkill /pid' and the task number, orjust 'tskill' and the process number. Find that out by typing 'tasklist', which will also tell you a lot about what's going on

in your system.

8. XP will treat Zip files like folders, which is nice if you've got a fast machine. On slower machines, you can make XPleave zip files well alone by typing 'regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll' at the command line. If you change your mind later, you can

put things back as they were by typing 'regsvr32 zipfldr.dll'.

9. XP has ClearType -- Microsoft's anti-aliasing font display technology -- but doesn't have it enabled by default. It's wellworth trying, especially if you were there for DOS and all those years of staring at a screen have given you the eyes of anastigmatic bat. To enable ClearType, right click on the desktop, select Properties, Appearance, Effects, select ClearTypefrom the second drop-down menu and enable the selection. Expect best results on laptop displays. If you want to use

ClearType on the Welcome login screen as well, set the registry entry HKEY_USERS/.DEFAULT/ControlPanel/Desktop/FontSmoothingType to 2.

10. You can use Remote Assistance to help a friend who's using network address translation (NAT) on a home network,but not automatically. Get your pal to email you a Remote Assistance invitation and edit the file. Under the RCTICKET

attribute will be a NAT IP address, like 192.168.1.10. Replace this with your chum's real IP address -- they can find thisout by going to www.whatismyip.com -- and get them to make sure that they've got port 3389 open on their firewall and

forwarded to the errant computer.

11. You can run a program as a different user without logging out and back in again. Right click the icon, select Run As...and enter the user name and password you want to use. This only applies for that run. The trick is particularly useful if

you need to have administrative permissions to install a program, which many require. Note that you can have some funby running programs multiple times on the same system as different users, but this can have unforeseen effects.

12. Windows XP can be very insistent about you checking for auto updates, registering a Passport, using WindowsMessenger and so on. After a while, the nagging goes away, but if you feel you might slip the bonds of sanity before that

point, run Regedit, go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/Current Version/Explorer/Advanced andcreate a DWORD value called EnableBalloonTips with a value of 0.

13. You can start up without needing to enter a user name or password. Select Run... from the start menu and type'control userpasswords2', which will open the user accounts application. On the Users tab, clear the box for Users Must

Enter A User Name And Password To Use This Computer, and click on OK. An Automatically Log On dialog box will

appear; enter the user name and password for the account you want to use.14. Internet Explorer 6 will automatically delete temporary files, but only if you tell it to. Start the browser, select Tools /

Internet Options... and Advanced, go down to the Security area and check the box to Empty Temporary Internet Filesfolder when browser is closed.

15. XP comes with a free Network Activity Light, just in case you can't see the LEDs twinkle on your network card. Rightclick on My Network Places on the desktop, then select Properties. Right click on the description for your LAN or dial-upconnection, select Properties, then check the Show icon in notification area when connected box. You'll now see a tiny

network icon on the right of your task bar that glimmers nicely during network traffic.

16. The Start Menu can be leisurely when it decides to appear, but you can speed things along by changing the registryentry HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Desktop/MenuShowDelay from the default 400 to something a little snappier.

Like 0.


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17. You can rename loads of files at once in Windows Explorer. Highlight a set of files in a window, then right click on oneand rename it. All the other files will be renamed to that name, with individual numbers in brackets to distinguish them.

Also, in a folder you can arrange icons in alphabetised groups by View, Arrange Icon By... Show In Groups.

18. Windows Media Player will display the cover art for albums as it plays the tracks -- if it found the picture on theInternet when you copied the tracks from the CD. If it didn't, or if you have lots of pre-WMP music files, you can put yourown copy of the cover art in the same directory as the tracks. Just call it folder.jpg and Windows Media Player will pick it

up and display it.

19. Windows key + Break brings up the System Properties dialogue box; Windows key + D brings up the desktop;Windows key + Tab moves through the taskbar buttons.

20. The next release of Windows XP, codenamed Longhorn, is due out late next year or early 2003 and won't bemuch to write home about. The next big release is codenamed Blackcomb and will be out in 2003/2004.

Boot Defragment

A very important new feature in Microsoft Windows XP is the ability to do a boot defragment. This basically means that allboot files are placed next to each other on the disk drive to allow for faster booting. By default this option is enabled butsome upgrade users have reported that it isn't on their setup.

1. Start Regedit.2. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction3. Select Enable from the list on the right.4. Right on it and select Modify.5. Change the value to Y to enable and N to disable.6. Reboot your computer.

Remove shortcut arrow from desktop icons

Here's how you can remove those shortcut arrows from your desktop icons in Windows XP.

1. Start regedit.2. Navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTlnkfile

3. Delete the IsShortcut registry value.

You may need to restart Windows XP.

Speed up your Windows 2000/XP system and save resources at the same time

You can improve performance of your Windows 2000/XP and reclaim memory by simply disabling the services that is alsoknown as "System Services" you don't need which Windows 2000 or XP automatically provide by default.

What Are System Services in the 1st place

System services are actually small helper programs that provide support for other larger programs in Windows 2000.Many of the services are set up to run automatically each time you start Windows 2000. However, if you're not using thelarger programs that these services are designed to support, these services are simply wasting RAM that could be put to

better use by your applications. While the word "Disable" is used here to describe the idea that you'll remove theseservices from memory, what you'll really be doing is changing the startup setting from Automatic to Manual. When you

do, the services won't automatically start each time you launch Windows 2000 Professional. However, Windows 2000 willbe able to manually start the services if they're needed. That way you won't be unnecessarily wasting RAM, but you won'tbe crippling your system either. Note: If you're running Windows 2000 Professional on a corporate network, you may not

be able to adjust system services. Regardless of whether you can or not, you should check with your systemadministrator before attempting the make these changes.

Changing the startup type of a service from Automatic to Manual is a relatively simple operation. To begin, open theControl Panel, open the Administrative Tools folder, and then double click the Services tool. When you see the Services

window, set the View to Detail if it isn't already. Then click the Startup Type column header to sort the services byStartup Type. When you do, all the Services that start automatically will appear at the top of the list.

As you scan through the list of services on your system whose Startup Type setting is set to Automatic, look for theservices in listed in the Table below. These are some of the services are good candidates to be set to a Manual Startup

Type.

Examples of services that can be safely changed to Manual :-DHCP Client -- You're not connecting to a specific DHCP server on your local network

Distributed Link Tracking Client -- You're not connected to a Windows 2000 domain

DNS Client -- You're not connecting to a specific DNS server on your local network

FTP Publishing Service -- You don't need your system to act as an FTP server

IIS Admin Service -- You don't need your system to act as an WWW server

IPSEC Policy Agent -- You're not connected to a Windows 2000 domain

Messenger -- You're not connected to a Windows 2000 domain


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Remote Registry Service -- You don't remotely access the Registry of other systems on your local network

RIP Service -- You don't need your system to act as a router

Run As Service -- You don't use any applications that run as an alias

World Wide Web Publishing ServiceYou don't need your system to act as an WWW server

If you find a match and think that your system doesn't need that particular service, right-click on the service and choosethe Properties command from the shortcut menu. When you see the Properties dialog box for that service, click the

Startup Type drop down list and select Manual. Then click OK. As you change the Startup Type for any service, take noteof the service's name. That way you'll have a record of which services you changed and can change them back if you

need to, as I'll explain in a moment.

Using the Windows Task ManagerTrick : To determine the amount of RAM you'll regain by disabling unnecessary system services, use the Windows TaskManager. Here's how: Before you disable any system services, reboot your system and don't launch any applications. Ifyou have applications that automatically load when you start Windows, hold down the [Shift] key to bypass the Startupfolder. Then, right click on the task bar and select Task Manager from the shortcut menu. When you see the Windows

Task Manager dialog box, select the Performance tab. Now take note of the Available value in the Physical Memory panel.After you disable those system services you deem unnecessary, reboot your system in the same manner and compare

the Available value in the Physical Memory panel to the one that you noted earlier.

Final thoughtsKeep in mind that you may not find all the services listed in the Table set to Automatic on your system. In fact, you mightnot even see some of the services listed present on your system. If that's the case, don't worry about it. Each Windows

2000/XP installation is unique depending on the system and installed software, and different sets of services may beinstalled and set to start automatically.

On the other hand, you may find services other than those listed in Table set to Automatic that you may think areunnecessary. If so, you can find out what each service does by hovering your mouse pointer over the service'sdescription. When you do, a tool tip window will pop up and display the entire description of the service. You can then

better determine if the service is unnecessary. Remember, by changing the Startup Type to Manual, Windows 2000 canstill start the service if it's needed. If you decide to experiment with changing the Startup Types of certain services, you

can monitor the services over time by launching the Services utility and checking the list of running services. If youconsistently find one of the services you set to Manual running, you may decide to change the Startup Type back to

Automatic.

Dual Boot XP

A computer can be configured to let you choose between two or more operating systems each time you restart thecomputer. With multibooting, you can choose which operating system to run or specify a default OS if no selection ismade during the restart process.

Computers Containing Multiple Windows 2000 or Windows XP PartitionsBefore installing Windows 2000 and Windows XP on the same machine, you need to prepare your system with different

partitions (a process that divides a hard disk into separate sections that can be formatted for use by a file system.Partitions typically have different drive letters such as C or D).One OS per partition

Its important to install each operating system on a different partition and install the applications used with eachoperating system on the same partition as the OS. If an application is used with two different operating systems, install iton two partitions. Placing each operating system in a separate partition ensures that it will not overwrite crucial files used

by the other OS.

Install Latest OS LastIn general, you should install the most recent OS lastafter you have installed all other operating systems on the target

computer. In this case, you should install Windows 2000 and then install Windows XP.

Unique Computer NameYou can set up a computer so that it has multiple installations of Windows XP on multiple partitions. However, you must

use a different computer name for each installation if the computer participates in a Windows 2000 Server domain.Because a unique security identifier (SID) is used for each installation of Windows XP on a domain, the computer name

for each installation must be uniqueeven for multiple installations on the same computer.

Checklist Summary

To configure a computer containing Windows 2000 and Windows XP, review the following guidelines:

Install each operating system on a separate drive or disk partition.Install Windows XP after you have installed Windows 2000.

When you perform a new installation of Windows XP (as opposed to an upgrade), by default, the installation is placed ona partition on which no other operating system is located. You can specify a different partition during Setup.

Dont install Windows XP on a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compressionfeature.

On any partition where you perform a new installation of Windows XP (as opposed to an upgrade), you will need to re-install any programs, such as word processing or e-mail software, after Setup is complete.

Install the programs used by each operating system on the partition with that system. If you want your programs to runwith multiple operating systems, you need to install separate copies of the programs in each of the operating system

partitions.


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If the computer is on a Windows 2000 Server domain, each installation of Windows XP on that computer must have adifferent computer name.

Computers Containing Windows NT 4.0 and Windows XPSetting up a computer to run Windows XP as well as an earlier operating system such as Windows NT Workstation 4.0

requires addressing compatibility issues among different file systems: NTFS, FAT, and FAT32.

Normally, NTFS is the recommended file system because it supports important features, including the Active Directoryservice and domain-based security. However, using NTFS as the only file system on a computer that contains both

Windows XP and Windows NT is not recommended. On these computers, a FAT or FAT32 partition containing the WindowsNT 4.0 operating system ensures that when started with Windows NT 4.0, the computer will have access to needed files.In addition, if Windows NT is not installed on the system partition, which is almost always the first partition on the disk, itis recommended that the system partition also be formatted with FAT. This is because earlier operating systems, with oneexception, can't access a partition if it uses the latest version of NTFS. The one exception is Windows NT version 4.0 with

Service Pack 4 or later, which has access to partitions with the latest version of NTFS, but with some limitations.

Even the latest Service Pack does not provide access to files using the new features in NTFS. Windows NT 4.0 cannotaccess files that have been stored using NTFS features that did not exist when Windows NT 4.0 was released. For

example, a file that uses the new encryption feature wont be readable when the computer is started with Windows NT4.0 Workstation, which was released before the encryption feature existed.

Note: If you set up a computer so that it starts with Windows NT 3.51 or earlier on a FAT partition, and Windows XP onan NTFS partition, when that computer starts with Windows NT 3.51, the NTFS partition will not be visible.

Checklist SummaryTo configure a computer containing Windows NT 4.0 and Windows XP, review the following guidelines:

As explained above, using NTFS as the only file system on a computer containing both Windows XP and Windows NT is

not recommended.Make sure that Windows NT 4.0 has been updated with the latest released Service Pack available for download before

installing Windows XP.Install each operating system on a separate drive or disk partition.

When you perform a new installation of Windows XP (as opposed to an upgrade), by default, the installation is placed ona partition on which no other operating system is located. You can specify a different partition during Setup.

Dont install Windows XP on a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compressionfeature.

On any partition where you perform a new installation of Windows XP (as opposed to an upgrade), you will need to re-install any programs, such as word processing or email software, after Setup is complete.

Install the programs used by each operating system on the partition with that system. If you want your programs to runwith multiple operating systems, you need to install separate copies of the programs in each of the operating system

partitions.If the computer is on a Windows NT Server or Windows 2000 Server domain, each installation of Windows XP on that

computer must have a different computer name.

Computers Containing MS-DOS or Windows 9x and Windows XP

As explained above you need to address file system compatibility to ensure a multibooting configuration with these earlieroperating systems and Windows XP. Remember to install the latest operating system last otherwise important files may

be overwritten.

Checklist SummaryTo configure a computer containing Windows XP and Windows 9x or MS-DOS, review the following guidelines:

On computers that contain MS-DOS and Windows XP:

MS-DOS must be installed on a basic disk on a partition formatted with FAT. If MS-DOS is not installed on the systempartition, which is almost always the first partition on the disk, the system partition must also be formatted with FAT.Windows XP must be installed last. Otherwise important files needed for starting Windows XP could be overwritten.

On computers that contain Windows 95 and Windows XP:

As in the case above, Windows 95 must be installed on a basic disk on a partition formatted with FAT. (For Windows 95OSR2, FAT32 may be used.) If Windows 95 is not installed on the system partition, which is almost always the first

partition on the disk, the system partition must also be formatted with FAT (or FAT32 for Windows 95 OSR2).Compressed DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes wont be available while you are running Windows XP. It is not

necessary to uncompress DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes that you will access only with Windows 95.

Windows XP must be installed last. Otherwise important files needed for starting Windows XP could be overwritten.On computers that contain Windows 98 (or Windows ME) and Windows XP:

As in the cases above, Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition (ME) must be installed on a basic disk on a partitionformatted with FAT or FAT32. If Windows 98 or Windows ME is not installed on the system partition, which is almost

always the first partition on the disk, the system partition must also be formatted with FAT or FAT32.Compressed DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes wont be available while you are running Windows XP. It is not

necessary to uncompress DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes that you will access only with Windows 98.Windows XP must be installed last. Otherwise important files needed for starting Windows XP could be overwritten.

Installation and How to :

The order of installation is critical if you want a successful multiboot installation. In general terms, install nonMicrosoft


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operating systems and earlier versions of the Windows operating system first. This would mean installing UNIX or Linuxoperating systems first; then Windows 95 or Windows 98 or Windows Me; then Windows NT; and finally, Windows 2000

and/or Windows XP. (In the unlikely event that youre installing MSDOS, you can install that either before or after UNIXor Linuxbased operating systems, and generally Id opt for before.) Its also important to understand that, without usinga thirdparty product to help out, you cant install non-Microsoft operating systems, or Windows 95 and Windows 98 on

the same computer, and that you can install only a single version of Windows95/98/Me. But you can install as manydifferent versions of Windows NT and later versions of the Windows operating system as you have available logical drives,

with the sole caveat that you must install all Windows NT versions before you install any Windows 2000 or Windows XPversions.

Lets take a typical installation. Our target computer must be able to boot into Windows 98, Windows NT 4 Workstation,Windows 2000 Professional, and Windows XP Professional. We have a 2GB partition to hold our programs and the whole

thing must fit on a single 10GB hard drive. No problem. First, we partition the hard drive into two partitions: a 2GBprimary partition, and an 8-GB extended partition using FDisk. In the extended partition, well create four logical volumes

D, E, F and Gto hold our remaining operating systems and our programs.

After the disk is partitioned, format the primary partition using the FAT16 file system and install Windows 98 on it. So farso good. Now, format your D drive with FAT16 as well. Eventually, youll install your programs on D drive.

Next, install Windows NT 4 Workstation. You will install this on any of the logical volumes not already used (either Edrive, F drive or G drive) and choose NTFS as your file system. Leave D drive alone, because your applications go there

where theyre visible to all operating systems. When you install Windows NT, it recognizes that you already haveWindows 98 on the computer. Then it automatically sets up for dual booting between Windows 98 and Windows NT bycreating a boot.ini file, which creates a menu of available operating systems. After you have Windows NT 4 installed,

immediately apply Service Pack 6, before you install Windows 2000.

Finally, install Windows 2000 and Windows XP, each in its own logical volume. Again, choose NTFS as the file system. Asyou install them, they are automatically added to the boot.ini file on your C drive, which lets you choose operating

systems at start up.

Make XP boot even Faster

Microsoft has chosen a completely different path for XP and it's boot features by trying toincorporate as much support for newer fastboot BIOSes that are on most currentmotherboards. They built XP in such a way as to make it able to take advantage offeatures in these new BIOSes, and one of the coolest things is a small application calledbootvis. bootvis.

Bootvis watches everything that loads at boot time, from the moment the OS begins toload just after POST (Power On Self-Test) to the moment you get to a usable Desktop.Some programs, most notably Norton AntiVirus 2002, suck up valuable seconds beforeyou can actually DO anything even though you're at the Desktop. bootvis generates atrace file that you load and can then "see" a visual representation of what's happening.Every file, driver, hard drive read/write, etc., is recorded. You can then use bootvis tooptimize the loading of files during the boot sequence. bootvis will rearrange the waysthese very files are stored on the hard drive, thereby improving the boot time

dramatically.

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