TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE, TEAM …repository.unair.ac.id/30873/1/HALAMAN DEPAN.pdf11....

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE, TEAMPERFORMANCE, TEAM JOB SATISFACTION: DIMEDIASIOLEH COGNITIVE TRUST DAN COLLECTIVE EFFICACY

(Studi pada Karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. Surabaya)

TESIS

Untuk Memenuhi Sebagaian Persyaratan MencapaiGelar Magister pada Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen

Oleh:

ROBBY SANJAYA

NPM. 041324153003

Program Studi Magister Sains Manajemen

Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga

2016



TESIS


Oleh:

ROBBY SANJAYA

NPM. 041324153003



2016



TESIS


Oleh:

ROBBY SANJAYA

NPM. 041324153003



2016

ADLN - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

TESIS TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE... ROBBY SANJAYA

v

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

Pertama-tama saya panjatkan segala puji, hormat dan ucapan syukur

kepada TUHAN YESUS KRISTUS atas segala AnugrahNYA yang telah

diberikan, sehingga Tesis ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.

Dalam kesempatan ini pula, ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya

atas segala bantuan, bimbingan, serta dukungan selama proses pembuatan Tesis

ini berlangsung hingga selesai, kepada yang terhormat:

1. Dr. Praptini Yulianti M.Si., sebagai Pembimbing Utama yang telah

meluangkan waktu, tenaga dan pikiran untuk mengarahkan dan

memberikan masukan-masukan yang sangat berharga dari awal hingga

selesainya Tesis ini.

2. Dr. Hj. Dian Agustin, SE., M.Si., Ak., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi

dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga.

3. Dr. Rahmat Setiawan, SE., MM., selaku Ketua Program Studi Magister

Sains Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Airlangga.

4. Dr. Tri Siwi Agustina, SE, M.Si, Dra Nuri Herachwati, M.Si, M.Sc, Dr.

Dwi Rachmawati M.Com., Prof. Siti Sulasmi, Dr. Gancar Candra

Premananto, SE. M.Si, beserta seluruh dosen pengajar Magister Sains

Manajemen (khususnya tim dosen Human Resource Management), atas

segala dedikasi ilmu serta pengalaman bagi penulis selama proses belajar

mengajar di perkuliahan.

5. Ir. Iriawan Widadi, atas segala dorongan, bantuan dan kesempatan yang

beliau berikan, sehingga saya dapat mengikuti proses belajar serta

menyelesaikan jenjang S2 di Universitas Airlangga.

6. Sutikno (Papa) dan Lusia (Mama) tercinta, mereka adalah kedua orang tua

yang luar biasa, yang senantiasa mendukung, memberikan semangat dan

doa yang menyertai selama proses perkuliahan serta pembuatan Tesis ini

dapat selesai.



vi

7. Kakak-ku, Teddy Yulianto, SE, beserta Istri dan Ketiga Keponakan-ku

yang telah memberikan dukungannya dalam penyelesaian Tesis ini.

8. Seluruh teman-teman mahasiswa MSM angkatan 2013, 2014, terima

kasih atas persahabatan yang tak terlupakan, semoga tali persaudaraan

kita tetap terjalin erat.

9. Seluruh teman-teman HwaInd 2000 (Rudy “Lung”, Darmawati “Cing2,

Lusiana “Lulu”, Yohanes “Ncix”, Hendra “Lax” + Yunike) sekeluarga,

terima kasih atas dukungannya dan persahabatan yang luar biasa hingga

saat ini.

10. Segenap staff akademik MSM dan MM (Mbak Riska, Mbak Vita, Mas

Andri, Mbak Tiwi), atas seluruh bantuannya kepada penulis.

11. Seluruh jajaran manajen PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk Kanwil VIII – Surabaya,

(ibu Dian – Human Capital), Seluruh Branch Manager, Manager,

Supervisor dan Staff dari ke-12 Kantor Cabang, Bank Mandiri, Surabaya

yang penulis teliti, atas segala bantuan dan kerjasamanya sehingga

penelitan dan penulisan Tesis ini dapat selesai.

12. Seluruh pihak yang telah membantu penulisan tesis ini yang tidak

mungkin disebutkan satu persatu.

Akhir kata, Tesisi yang dibuat ini tentunya masih jauh dari sempurna,

namun semoga dapat memberikan manfaat serta kontribusi, khususnya bagi

perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.

Surabaya, Mei 2016

Robby Sanjaya



vii

ABSTRAKSI

Tidak dapat dipungkiri, bahwa kepemimpinan dalam team jika dikaitkandengan proses pengembangan team yang tepat akan berdampak pada hasil kinerjadan kepuasan kerja dalam team yang positif.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti hubungan antarapemimpin transformasional (transformational leadership) terhadap hasil kinerjateam (team performance) serta tingkat kepuasan kerja team (team jobsatisfaction) yang dimediasi oleh tingkat kepercayaan kognitif kepada pemimpin(cognitive trust in team leader) maupun di antara sesama anggota (cognitive trustamong team members) serta rasa percaya diri atas kemampuan bersama(collective efficacy) dalam team.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di 12 kantor cabang, PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk.Surabaya. Survey penelitian ini dilakukan pada 86 responden jabatan StaffDivisi, serta 32 responden jabatan Supervisor atau Manager Divisi. Alat bantuStatistik penelitian ini menggunakan Partial Least Square (SmartPLS 3.0).Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Transformational Leadershipmemiliki hubungan atau pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Cognitive Trustin Team Leader maupun Cognitive Trust among Team Members; Cognitive Trustin Team Leader memiliki hubungan atau pengaruh positif namun tidak signifikanterhadap Collective Efficacy sedikit berbeda bahwa Cognitive Trust among TeamMembers memiliki hubungan atau pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadapCollective Efficacy; Collective Efficacy memiliki hubungan atau pengaruh positifdan signifikan terhadap Team Performance; Collective Efficacy memilikihubungan atau pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Team Job Satisfaction.Sebagai tambahan, dari hasil pengujin menunjukkan bahwa Cognitive Trust inTeam Leader tidak menjadi variabel mediasi antara Transformational Leadershipterhadap Collective Efficacy, namun berbeda dengan Cognitive Trust amongTeam Members yang menjadi variabel mediasi antara TransformationalLeadership terhadap Collective Efficacy.

Kata Kunci: Team, Transformational Leadership, Cognitive Trust, CollectiveEfficacy, Team Performance, Team Job Satisfaction.



viii

ABSTRACT

It is inevitable, that the leadership in the team if it is associated with theright team development process will have an impact on positive results ofperformance and job satisfaction in team.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship betweentransformational leadership towards the results of the performance of the team aswell as the level of job satisfaction team mediated by level of cognitive trust inthe leader and among members as well as collective efficacy in the team.

This study was conducted in 12 branches, PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk.Surabaya. Survey research was conducted on 86 respondents office departmentstaff, and 32 respondents post of Supervisor or Manager of the Division (officedepartment). Statistics research tools using Partial Least Square (SmartPLS 3.0).Based on the test results showed that the Transformational Leadership has apositive and significant impact on Cognitive Trust in a Team Leader or CognitiveTrust among Team Members; Cognitive Trust in Team Leader has a positiveimpact but not significant to Collective Efficacy, little different that CognitiveTrust among Team Members have positive and significant impact to CollectiveEfficacy; Collective Efficacy have a positive and significant impact on the TeamPerformance; Collective Efficacy have a positive and significant impact on theJob Satisfaction Team. In addition, the results showed that Cognitive Trust inTeam Leader does not become a mediating variable between TransformationalLeadership on Collective Efficacy, however a different results with CognitiveTrust Among Team Members being mediating variable betweenTransformational Leadership on Collective Efficacy.

Keywords: Team, Transformational Leadership, Cognitive Trust, CollectiveEfficacy, Team Performance, Team Job Satisfaction.



ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS TESIS.................................. iv

HALAMAN UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH........................................................ v

ABSTRAK........................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 11

1.3. Tujuan .............................................................................................. 12

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 13

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA........................................................................ 14

2.1. Penelitian Terdahulu....................................................................... 14

2.1.1. Jurnal Acuan dan Pendukung Pertama ....................... 14

2.1.2. Jurnal Acuan dan Pendukung Kedua .......................... 15

2.1.3. Jurnal Acuan dan Pendukung Ketiga .......................... 17

2.1.4. Jurnal Acuan dan Pendukung Keempat ...................... 17



x

2.1.5. Jurnal Acuan dan Pendukung Kelima ......................... 18

2.2. Landasan Teori ................................................................................ 20

2.2.1. Team ................................................................................ 20

2.2.2. Transformational Leadership Style.............................. 22

2.2.2.1.Kepemimpinan.................................................... 22

2.2.2.2.Transformational Leadership ........................... 27

2.2.3. Cognitive Trust .............................................................. 32

2.2.3.1.Kepercayaan Terhadap Pemimpin ................... 36

2.2.3.2.Kepercayaan Antar Sesama Anggota .............. 36

2.2.4. Collective Efficacy .......................................................... 37

2.2.5. Team Performance ......................................................... 38

2.2.6. Team Job Satisfaction .................................................... 40

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS........................... 44

3.1. Kerangka Konseptual ..................................................................... 44

3.2. Hubungan Antar Variable Penelitian Dan Hipotesa ................... 44

3.2.1. Hubungan antara Transformational Leadership

Style dengan Cognitive Trust .......................................... 44

3.2.2. Hubungan antara Cognitive Trust dengan Collective

Efficacy ............................................................................ 47

3.2.3. Hubungan antara Transformational Leadership Style

dengan Collective Efficacy dimediasi oleh Cognitive

Trust ................................................................................. 48

3.2.4. Hubungan antara Collective Efficacy dengan

Team Performance dan Team Job Satisfaction............. 50

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN.................................................................... 53

4.1. Pendekatan Penelitian.................................................................... 53



xi

4.2. Identifikasi Variable........................................................................ 54

4.2.1. Variable Bebas (X) ......................................................... 54

4.2.2. Variable Mediasi (Z) ...................................................... 54

4.2.3. Variable Terikat (Y)....................................................... 55

4.3. Definisi Operasional Variable ........................................................ 55

4.3.1. Transformational Leadership Style.............................. 55

4.3.2. Cognitive Trust ............................................................... 58

4.3.2.1.Cognitive Trust Terhadap Pemimpin. ............... 58

4.3.2.2.Cognitive Trust Terhadap Sesama Anggota

Team..................................................................... 59

4.3.3. Collective Efficacy .......................................................... 59

4.3.4. Team Performance ......................................................... 61

4.3.5. Team Job Satisfaction ................................................... 63

4.4. Jenis dan Sumber Data ................................................................... 64

4.5. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ......................................................... 65

4.6. Populasi dan Sample ....................................................................... 66

4.6.1. Populasi ........................................................................... 66

4.6.2. Sample ............................................................................ 67

4.7. Teknik Analisis ................................................................................ 68

BAB V METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 78

5.1. PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk.................................................................... 78

5.1.1. Sejarah Singkat Dan Profil PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. .. 78

5.1.2. Visi Dan Misi PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. ........................ 79

5.1.3. Nilai Dasar PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. ............................ 80

5.1.4. Struktur Organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. .............. 82

5.1.5. Sejarah Transformational Pada

PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk................................................... 83



xii

5.2.Analisi Hasil PLS.............................................................................. 88

5.2.1. Uji Validitas Konvergen................................................. 88

5.2.2. Uji Validitas Diskriminan.............................................. 92

5.2.3. Uji Validitas Reliabilitas ................................................ 95

5.2.4. Analisis Model Struktural ............................................. 97

5.3. Penguji Hipotesis ............................................................................. 101

5.4.Deskripsi Umum Penelitian ............................................................ 104

5.4.1. Karakteristik Responden .............................................. 104

5.4.2. Deskripsi Jawaban Responden ..................................... 107

5.4.2.1. Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap

Transformational Leadership ............................. 108


Cognitive Trust kepada Pemimpin Team .......... 110


Cognitive Trust terhadap Sesama Anggota

Team..................................................................... 111


Collective Efficacy ............................................... 112


Team Job Satisfaction ......................................... 114


Team Performance .............................................. 115

5.5. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ......................................................... 117

5.5.1. Hubungan Antara Transformational Leadership

Terhadap Cognitive Trust in Team Leader ................... 117

5.5.2. Hubungan Antara Transformational Leadership

Terhadap Cognitive Trust amomg Team Members....... 118

5.5.3. Hubungan Antara Cognitive Trust in Team Leader



xiii

Terhadap Collective Efficacy ......................................... 120

5.5.4. Hubungan Antara Cognitive Trust among Team

Members Terhadap Collective Efficacy ......................... 123

5.5.5. Hubungan Antara Collective Efficacy Terhadap Team

Performance..................................................................... 124

5.5.6. Hubungan Antara Collective Efficacy Terhadap Team Job

Satisfaction ...............................................................................126

BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.................................................................. 128

6.1. SIMPULAN ..................................................................................... 129

6.2. SARAN ............................................................................................. 130

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN



xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Evolusi Definisi Kepemimpinan ......................................................... 23

Tabel 2.2 Definisi Kepecayaan............................................................................. 33

Tabel 4.1 Kategori Penilaian ............................................................................... 64

Tabel 5.1 Sejarah Singkat PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. ................................................ 78

Tabel 5.2 Profil Singkat PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk..................................................... 79

Tabel 5.3 Prilaku-prilaku Utama Yang Mencerminkan Nilai Budaya TIPEC

pada PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. .................................................................. 81

Tabel 5.4 Hasil Uji Validitas Masing-masing Indikator (Sebelum Drop

Indikator) .....................................................................................................88

Tabel 5.5 Hasil Uji Validitas Masing-masing Indikator (Setelah Drop

Indikator) .....................................................................................................90

Tabel 5.6 Hasil Uji Cross Loading Factor ......................................................................92

Tabel 5.7 Hasil Uji AVE..................................................................................................94

Tabel 5.8 Hasil Uji Fornell-Larcker Criterion (Akar Kuadrat AVE)........................95

Tabel 5.9 Hasil Uji Composite Reliability .......................................................................96

Tabel 5.10 Hasil Uji R-Square106 ..................................................................................97

Tabel 5.11 Hasil Uji Path Coefficients (Bootstrapping) ...............................................99



xv

Tabel 5.12 Hasil Uji Goodness of Fit (GoF) ..................................................................100

Tabel 5.13 Hasil Uji Hipotesis ........................................................................................101

Tabel 5.14 Hasil Uji Path Coefficients Menentukan Variabel Mediasi ......................102

Tabel 5.15 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Team atau Divisi Responden....106

Tabel 5.16 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Rata-rata Masa Jabatan

Responden............................................................................................ 106

Tabel 5.17 Daftar Kantor Cabang PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. Surabaya yang

Diteliti ...........................................................................................................106

Tabel 5.18 Kategorisasi Interval Skor Jawaban Responden.......................................107

Tabel 5.19 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Transformational

Leadership.....................................................................................................108

Tabel 5.20 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Cognitive Trust kepada

Pemimpin Team...............................................................................................110

Tabel 5.21 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Cognitive Trust Terhadap

SesamaAnggota Team ...................................................................................111

Tabel 5.22 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Collective Efficacy..................113

Tabel 5.23 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Team Job Satisfaction ............114

Tabel 5.24 Penilaian Responden Penelitian terhadap Team Performance .................115



xvi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Human Capital Management Framework PT Bank

Mandiri Tbk ....................................................................................5

Gambar 1.2 Tingkat Kepuasan Karyawan Bank-bank Terbesar

di Indonesia......................................................................................8

Gambar 1.3 Grafik Grand Mean Score Engagement Karyawan

PT Bank Mandiri Tbk. ...................................................................9

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ......................................................................44

Gambar 5.1 Struktur Organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk.................................82

Gambar 5.2 Model Penelitian Hasil SmartPLS..................................................96

Gambar 5.3 Model Penelitian Hasil Bootstrapping SmartPLS .........................99

Gambar 5.4 Model Penelitian Hasil Bootstrapping SmartPLS untuk

Menentukan Hubungan Variabel Mediasi ...................................103



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