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Techno Economic Socio Economic Scope for

PhD students

Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance info@phdassistance.com

Keyword:

Techno Economic Socio Economic, Economics

PhD Dissertations, PhD students, Exploring the

socio-economic impacts, Thesis and Dissertations

Economic, Study on Socio Economic Conditions,

Revolution of Energy, environmental and social

economic, PhD Help, PhD Dissertations Services,

PhD Support

I. INTRODUCTION

A human standard of living has changed over the

course of history. Incessant innovation has long been

a characteristic of the human species. One such

technological discovery which has undoubtedly

proved to be a blessing to Mankind is the discovery

of Electromagnetic Induction. The discovery of

electromagnetic induction revolutionised how we use

Energy.

II. REVOLUTION OF ENERGY

Energy exists in nature.Early man made use of the

most natural available energy such as sun, wood and

the wind for his survival. Modern man however has

reinvented this energy to suit his complex lifestyle.

Energy is a very natural resource which can be turned

into wealth if developed and utilised in the right way.

Availability of reliable energy invariably enables

higher standards of living which in turn leads the

country towards progress. Generating electricity by

harnessing energy has resulted in inventions that

provide luxury and comfort in our day to day

life.Affordable and reliable electricity has become a

mandatory element of modern life and one cannot

think of a world today without it. Electricity has not

only established its necessity in our day today life in

the form of lights, fans or any other household

appliances but has also revolutionised the modern

means of transport and communication. It quietly

breeds life into the digital world we tap into with our

smart phones and computers not leaving alone the

field of medicine and surgery to save human life.

III. SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF ENERGY IN

INDIA

Energy is intrinsically linked with environmental,

social and economic dimensions of continuous

development of any nation. Energy management is

thus one of the most critical aspects any government

has to deal with. India has a population of

approximately 1363 Crores. It is the 7th

largest

country in the world and is graded as second in row

amongst the highest populated countries in the world.

The yearly growth rate of India is 1.18% which

represents almost 17.74% of the worlds population.

The country is expected to have more than 1.383

billion people by the end of 2020 respectively. Given

that figure, the rural economy of India constitutes

46% of it’s national income. 70% of workforce in

India still reside in the rural areas. Any rural vicinity

with basic infrastructure such as distribution

transformers and distribution lines installed, is

scrutinised as electrified as per the Rural

Electrification policy declared by the Government of

India. However, a detailed evaluation at the

electrification data from the hinterland shows that

majority of the households in villages across most

states are still in the dark without access to electricity.

The Indian government has declared that one of their

core priorities is to provide electricity to every

household in India. Provision of increasing quanta of

energy to enable accessibility of cleaner and more

reliable electricity is not only essential to raise the

standard of living but is also a vital prerequisite for

the economic growth of a country India has an

installed effective capacity of 3,75,323 MW. The

main sources of electricity generation in India is

through mineral oil, natural gas, thermal power,

firewood hydropower and nuclear power.

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The electricity generation target of conventional

sources for the year 2020 to 2021 was fixed at 1330

BU comprising of 1138.533 BU thermal, 140.357

BU hydro, 43.80 nuclear and 7.230 BU import from

Bhutan. Hence summarizing, that in order to fulfill

the economic development plans that are being

implemented, India faces an increasing energy

demand. Despite the fact that India has achieved a

quick and incredible economic growth, energy is still

insufficient for the country . Strong economic growth

in India magnifies the demand for energy and hence

more energy sources are required to satisfy this

demand. Moreover, India is challenged of sustainable

development due to the increasing population and

environmental deterioration, which in turn widens the

gap between demand and supply of power that is

expected to rise subsequently. World energy council

has predicted that global electricity demand will peak

in 2030.

IV. ROLE OF RES AND IT’S SIGNIFICANCE

Sources of energy such as coal, oil and natural gas

contribute to 1/3 of global greenhouse gas emissions,

of which India is responsible for nearly 6.65% of total

global carbon emissions ranked 4th next to China

26.83% the USA 14.36% and the EU 9.66%.

Approximately 50 billion tons of greenhouse gases is

being emitted around the world each year thereby

causing severe damage to the atmosphere bringing

about various climatic changes. Climatic changes in

turn affect the ecological balance in the world. India

has made substantial investments in importing

expensive fossil fuel and coal. Consequently,

pressing the need to find alternate sources for

generating electricity. Renewable energy

technologies is one such alternative for producing

electricity which is researched to mitigate

environmental pollution. Adopting to this alternative

by making a rapid and global transition to renewable

energy technologies will help India to accomplish

continuous growth and avoid catastrophic climatic

changes. Renewable energy sources predominantly

generate clean and reliable energy. Hence it is

believed to be able to balance the electricity demand

and reduce emissions. Renewable energy sources

RES include small hydro project, biomass gasifier,

biomass power urban and industrial waste power

solar and wind energy.

V. POTENTIAL OF RES IN EMERGING

MARKETS

RES has exhibited an upsurge in global investment in

the past few years. More than half of the speculation

has occurred in the developing countries. Amongst

the other emerging countries- China, India and

Brazil have designed explicit investment strategies to

support adequate investment in RES while Chile

Mexico and South Africa appear to be strong players

Argentina, Jordan, the Philippines, Turkey and Russia

are recognised as equally attractive RES investment

countries specially in solar. India aims to achieve 175

GW of renewable energy which would consist of 100

GW from solar energy, 10 GW from biopower 60

GW from wind power and 5 GW from small hydro

power plants by the year 2022. The higher cost of

electricity production using renewable technologies is

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expected to reduce with the increasing experience in

the techniques involved. An energy source is an

essential element of socio economic development.

Major economic activity of India comprises of

agriculture, Hence the supply of power particularly to

rural areas is tremendously important to promote

other economic activities for growth and development

of the country. The impact of guaranteed supply of

power generated using RES, on the economic and

social life of the people of India is an interesting topic

to be researched. Many socio economic advantages

derive from renewable power. The most important

one being employment for the citizens of India. The

prospects of employment seems to be higher with

increasing investments in the renewable energy sector

than any other fossil fuel industry. A lack of

consistent data on the possible influence of

employment in the renewables expansion industry

gives a scope to assess the quantity of skilled semi

skilled and unskilled personal that might be needed.

VI. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE UTILISATION

OF RES

India imports 90% of its solar cell and module

requirements from Malaysia China and Taiwan. The

country has around 36.9 GW installed solar capacity

by end of 2020 and the government is making sincere

efforts to encourage domestic market. Policy and

regulatory framework initiatives for the development

of renewable energy sources in terms of tariff

determination defining RPO promoting grid

connectivity and promoting the expansion of the

market, projects the need to be researched and

assessed. Financial barriers to investments in RES

emerge in terms of lack of technological awareness

that lead to unpredictable evaluation of resources.

such uncertainties are perceived as high risk to

developers contributing to invest in RES.

VII. CONCLUSION

To conclude, based on the above mentioned facts and

figures the potential for cost effective production and

utilisation of solar energy appears to be an

interrogative topic for research in terms of techno

economic and socio economic impact of RES in the

days to come.

REFERENCES

1. Berneiser, J., Senkpiel, C., Steingrube, A., & Gölz, S. (2021). The role of norms and collective

efficacy for the importance of techno‐economic

vehicle attributes in Germany. Journal of

Consumer Behaviour.

2. Ali, F., Ahmar, M., Jiang, Y., & AlAhmad, M. (2021). A techno-economic assessment of hybrid

energy systems in rural Pakistan. Energy, 215,

119103.

3. Kesharwani, N., & Bajpai, S. (2021). Pilot scale anaerobic co-digestion at tropical ambient

temperature of India: Digester performance and

techno-economic assessment. Bioresource

Technology Reports, 100715.

4. Kaoma, M., & Gheewala, S. H. (2021). Techno-economic assessment of bioenergy options using

crop and forest residues for non-electrified rural

growth centres in Zambia. Biomass and

Bioenergy, 145, 105944.

5. Samuel, L. (2021). Techno-Economic Analysis of Decentralised Small Hydro Power Projects for

Rural Electrification: A Case Study of

Meenvallom Project in Kerala with the Use of

RET Screen Expert Advanced Software. Shanlax

International Journal of Economics, 9(2), 15-21.

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