slide tulang patsis II
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TULANG DAN PERSENDIAN
Ekowati Handharyani
BAGIAN PATOLOGIFAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN IPB
2009
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STRUKTUR - osteoblast - osteocytes - osteoclast - faktor hormonal : PTH - matriks tulang : kolagen tipe I - mineral : Ca, P, Carbonate, Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fluoride
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OSTEOBLAST
- merupakan sel mesenkim, berasal dari sumsum tulang- kerja dibawah stimuli paracrine dan endokrin- fungsi: respons produksi matriks tulang (osteoid) dalam menghasilkan mineralisasi matriks
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AKTIF - berbentuk plump atau kuboid, sitoplasma basofilik (banyak ditemukan RER)PASIF - berbentuk flattened, sedikit sitoplasma (ditemukan sedikit sitoplasma karena terjadi reduksi organel) Osteoblast akan melakukan kerjasama dengan osteoclast dengan membuat penjuluranke arah osteocyte. Penjuluran ini mengandungbanyak alkalin fosfatase
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OSTEOCYTE- merupakan osteoblast yang dikelilingi oleh matriks tulang- antara osteoblast dan osteocyte dihubungkan oleh kanalikuli- fungsi: berperan dalam pengisian cairan di dalam kompartemen tulang, fungsi dalam formasi tulang adalah minimal- bila terjadi stres yang ekstrim pada homeostasis Ca maka akan terjadi osteocytic osteolysis
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OSTEOCLAST- sel multinuklear, merupakan derivat hematopoietic stem cell, sitoplasma eosinofilik (abundant)- fungsi: resorpsi tulang- mempunyai reseptor PTH (parathyroid hormone)
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- calcitonin akan menghambat kerja osteoclast - keberadaan lipid akan memfasilitasi binding Ca ke membran sel dan men-support kalsifikasi
BONE AS A TISSUE & BONE AS AN ORGAN
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BAGIAN TULANG - cortex - medullary cavity - cancellous bone
dari bagian tepi - epifise - metafise - diafise
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REAKSI TULANG - atrofi - hipertrofi - hiperplasia - metaplasia - neoplasia - degenerasi - nekrosis
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PATAH TULANG (fraktura)- sederhana- majemuk
PERSEMBUHAN TULANG
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GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN TULANG
Dystrophy, gangguan nutrisiAmelia, tak ada ekstremitasHemimelia, tak ada bag. panjangPhocomelia, hipoplasia ekstremitasSyndactyly, jari berlebihKyphosis etc.
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RICKETS &OSTEOMALACIA
-immature & mature skeleton, kegagalan minerali sasi-deformitas, fraktura
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-defisiensi vit D atau fosfor, hub.dengan chronic renal disease, chronic fluorosis-penebalan physeal chondrocytes-klinis: bone pain, deformitas, kegagalan reproduksi
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RICKETS
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Hypoplasticosteoporosisosteosclerosis
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OSTEOPOROSIS-reduksi jar. tulang --- membentuk rongga-rongga-defisiensi Ca, starvation, efek glukokortikoid, tubuh inaktif
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-konsentrasi estrogen turun, ovariectomy
PATOLOGI ANATOMI-tulang lunak, mudah diiris, mudah dibengkokkan atau dipatahkan
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PENYEBAB :StarvationUrat daging inaktifSenile osteoporosisParasit di dalam ususDefisiensi CaDefisiensi P
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Chondrodystrophiafoetalis
Hypoplasticosteoporosis
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FIBROUS OSTEODYSTROPHY
-peningkatan resorpsi, dan digantikan oleh jaringan ikat (fibrous tissue)-hiperparatyroid primer (hiperplasia, adenoma, carcinoma)
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-bone pain, deformitas, fraktura, lumpuh-sering : hiperparatyroid sekunder karena malnutrisi atau gangguan ginjal
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Fibrous osteodystrophy
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Fibrous hipervitamin Aosteodystrophy
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PERADANGAN TULANG
Periostitis; radang termasukbagian periosteum
Osteomyelitis; radang termasukbagian medullary cavity
Contoh: Actinomyces pyogenespenyebab radang supuratif(osteomyelitis)
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Osteomyelitis pada rahang bawah - Actinomyces bovis - radang pyogranulomatous - pada sapi - bentuk tidak beraturan - terjadi maserasi
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osteomyelitis
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osteomyelitis
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PERSENDIAN
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Pada hewan sehat :Permukaan sendi licin,mengkilat, kelupak sinovialmasih utuh, disertaicairan bening
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ARTHRITIS = radang persendian
-persendian bengkak-permukaan sendi tak rata, warna berubah, aspek suram-cairan bertambah, keruh atau ada eksudat
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ARTHRITIS = radang persendian
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PENYEBAB :Actinobacillus pyogenes (sapi, babi)Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (babi)Escherichia coli (anak sapi,anak babi)Mycoplasma bovis (sapi)Mycoplasma synoviae (unggas)
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“GOUT”
(akumulasi abnormal asam urat)
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ARTICULAR GOUTDeposit pada persendianPersendian bengkakBentuk berubahMaterial putih periartikularProduksi urat tubuli Protein tinggi pada pakan
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VISCERAL GOUTDeposit urat pada ginjal, dan serosa pada jantung, hati mesenteri, air sac, peritoneum; berupa selaput putih (kapur)
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kegagalan ekskresi urat pada sistem urinari
obstruksi ureterkerusakan ginjal dehidrasi
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