PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LX, Semester Gasal ...repository.unika.ac.id/18914/1/07110016 -...

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PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 201112012

LANDASANTEORI DAN PROGRAM

F ANTI WKE..DA Dl SE..MARANG

Penekanan Desain

Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti Wreda

Permasalahan Dominan

Faktor Keselamatan pada Pergerakan Lansia sebagai Penghuni Panti Wreda

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun Oleh :

Vinsensius Adrian_ 07.11.0016

Dosen Pembim:.'!b~~i,!!n~_~:_ ~'=r.'--'~--=---'-='~~~==~~'.

Jr. 1M. Tri Hesti

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAiN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Oktober, 2011

t .

PRAKATA

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan YME atas bimbingan-Nya dalam penyusunan

Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LX ini, penulis

mendapatkan banyak dukungan yang diberikan banyak pihak sehingga penulis dapat

menyelesaikan Landasan T eori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini. Pada

kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya

kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu, dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan

Program ini. Ucapan terima kasih ini terutama saya ucapkan kepada :

1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas limpahan rahmat-Nya selama pengerjaan L TP ini.

2. Ibu Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah

bersedia membimbing, memberikan waktu dan tempat untuk saling bertukar

pikiran dengan penulis serta memberikan dukungan moral dan motivasi.

3. Ibu Dra. Sri Sumiyati, M.Si. selaku Wakil Dekan 1 Fakultas Psikologi Unika

Soegijapranata yang telah memberikan informasi tentang psikologi dan

perkembangan lansia dan berbagi pengalaman dengan saya.

4. Bapak Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur

Periode LX sekaligus Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dalam

proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

5. Ibu Ir. Yulita Titik S., MT selaku Dosen Preview yang telah memberikan banyak

masukan dalam tahap Landasan Teori dan Program.

6. Bapak Ir. Riandy Tarigan selaku Dosen Preview yang telah memberikan banyak

masukan dalam proses penyelesaian Landasan T eori dan Program ini.

iv

7. 8apak Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.8, MTA. IAI selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah

memberikan masukan baik secara literatur maupun mental dalam proses

penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

8. 8apak dan Ibu Dosen serta Staff Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur

dan Desain yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu serta membantu kelancaran

proses studi di Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

9. Keluarga yang selalu memberikan semangat dan dorongan sehingga penulis

dapat menyelesaikan Landasan T eori dan Program ini.

10. Para lansia yang ada di Panti Wreda Elim dan Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri

yang telah memberikan harapan, semangat dan dorongan kepada penulis.

11 . Teman-teman di Program Studi Arsitektur yang selalu mendukung dalam proses

perkuliahan dan proses penyelesaian Landasan T eori dan Program ini.

12. Rekan dan narasumber di Program Studi Psikologi yang telah mendukung dan

memotivasi dalam proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

13. Serta pihak-pihak lain yang telah membantu penulis baik secara langsung

maupun tidak langsung hingga terselesaikannya makalah ini.

Pada akhirnya, penulis berharap semoga Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat

bermanfaat dan menambah wawasan bagi para praktisi dan masyarakat umumnya,

serta teman - teman mahasiswa Arsitektur pada khususnya.

Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011

Vinsensius Adrian

v

HALAMANPENGESAHAN


Periode lX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKUL TAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN


Judul

Penekanan Desain


Penyusun

Pembimbing

Penguji

: Panti Wreda di Semarang

: Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti

Wreda

: Faktor Keselamatan pad a Pergerakan Lansia

sebagai penghuni Panti Wreda

: Vinsensius Adrian, 07.11.0016

: Ir. 10M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT

: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, MTA. IAI


Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

Dekan, Ketua, Koordinator,

Proyek Akhir Arsitektur '-

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur

,.

Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno

NPP. 058. 1. 1992. 124

iii

Jr. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

NPP.058.1.1986.015

HALAMANPENGESAHAN


Periode LX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN


Judul

Penekanan Desain


Penyusun

Pembimbing

Penguji

Penguji,

: Panti Wreda di Semarang

: Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti

Wreda

: Faktor Keselamatan pada Pergerakan Lansia

sebagai Penghuni Panti Wreda

: Vinsensius Adrian, 07.11 .0016

: Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT.

: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, MTA. IAI


Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

Pembimbing,

Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT.

NIP. 058.1.1989.048

Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

NPP. 058.1.1986.015

Ir .. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, M.T. IAI

NPP.058.1.1992.123 ii

DAFTAR lSI . " --------------------------------------------------------------------. I

Halaman Pengesahan ......................................................................................................... ..i. Daftar lsi ................................................................................................................................... ,ii

Daftar Gamba~ ........................................................................................................................ iii

I. Pendahuluan

1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek ......................................................................................... 1

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan .................................................................... 2

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................... ~

1.4. Metoda Pemba~asan ........................................................................................... 3

II. Tinjauan Proyek

2.1. Tinjauan Umum ...................................................................................................... 7

2.1.a. Gambaran Umum, ..................................................................................... 7. 2.1.b. Latar Belakang-Perkembangan-Trend ................................................. 1~

2.1.c. Sasaran yang akan Dicapai .................................................................. J.2 - ~, 2.2. Tinjauan Khusus .................................................................................................... 17

2.2.a. Terminologi ................................................................................................ .1.7. 2.2.b. Kegiatan ..................................................................................................... J.~

2.2.c. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................................... ~2

2.2.c.1. Arsitektur ...................................................................................... ~2

2.2.c.2. Bangunan ..................................................................................... ~~

2.2.c.3. Lingkungan .................................................................................. 4Q 2.2.d. Deskripsi Konteks DesaI Kota ................................................................ 44 2.2.e. Studi bandingl komparasi kasus proyek sejenis ................................ 4~

2.2.f. Permasalahan Desain .............................................................................. 9.~

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ............................................................... 56

III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ........................................................................... 58

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ............................................................ 93

3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ............................................................................. J~~.

IV. Program Arsitektur

4.1. Konsep Program ................................................................................................... .1.4.9 4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan

Perancangan .......................................................................................................... 141

4.3. Program Arsitektur .............................................................................................. J.4~

V. Kajian Teori

5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ........................................................................ 171

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................... :1.7.§.

Kepustakaan ............................................................................................................................ 189

Lampiran ................................................................................................................................... 191

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Kamar Penghuni ................................................................................................. 23

Gambar 2. Dapur Bersama ................................................................................................... ~~

Gambar 3. Kamar Mandi ' ....................................................................................................... ~!4.

Gambar 4. R. Komunallndoor .............................................................................................. 24

Gambar 5. Aula ........................................................................................................................ ~§.

Gambar 6. R. Komunal Outdoor .......................................................................................... ~2

Gambar 7. Kamar Tamu ........................................................................................................ 26

Gambar 8. Ruang Doa ........................................................................................................... 26

Gambar 9. Ruang Kesehatan .............................................................................................. 27

, Gambar 10. Ruang Konsultasi Psikolog ............................................................................ 27

Gambar 11. Area Terapi ......................................................................................................... 28

Gambar 12. Green Area .......................................................................................................... 28

Gambar 13. Ruang Pengelola ............................................................................................... 29

Gambar 14. Ruang Staff ......................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 15. Ruang Dapur ...................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 16. Ruang Makan Staff ........................................................................................... 30

Gambar 17. Gudang ................................................................................................................ 30

Gambar 18. Ruang Cuci Peralatan ...................................................................................... 30

Gambar 19. Ruang Cuci Busana .......................................................................................... 31

Gambar 20. Halaman Parkir Karyawan ............................................................................... 31

Gambar 21. Ruang Pera\rvat .................................................................................................. 31

Gambar 22. Pos Keamanan ................................................................................................... 32

Gambar 23. Roof garden ........................................................................................................ 41

Gambar 24. Struktur Roof garden ........................................................................................ 41 Gambar 25. Kombinasi Taman dan Roof garden ............................................................. 41

Gambar 26. Taman .................................................................................................................. 42

Gambar 27. Vegetasi Existing ............................................................................................... 43 I : " . Gambar 28. Vegetasi dominan .............................................................................................. 43

Gambar 29. Vegetasi produktif ............................................................................................. 43

Gambar 30. Vegetasi dilindungi ........................................................................................... 43

Gambar 31. Peta Guna Lahan Semarang .......................................................................... 42 Gambar 32. Peta BWK Semarang ........................................................................................ 45

Gambar 33. Panti Wreda Pengayoman ............................................................................... 49

Gambar 34. Peta CAD Panti Wreda Pengayoman ........................................................... 49

Gambar 35. Pos Keamanan dan Parkir Karyawan ........................................................... 49

Gambar 36. Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................................... 49

Gambar 37. Aula Serbaguna ................................................................................................. 4~

Gambar 38. Dapur Bersama .................................................................................................. 50

Gambar 39. Kamar Mandi Umum ......................................................................................... 50

Gambar 40. Ruang Komunal ................................................................................................. 50

Gambar 41. Kamar Tidur ........................................................................................................ 50

Gambar 42. Ruang Komunal ................................................................................................. 50

Gambar 43. Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri ................................................................. 51

Gambar 44. Peta CAD Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri ............................................. 51

Gambar 45. Ruang Pengelola ............................................................................................... 52

Gambar 46. Ruang Staff ......................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 47. Kamar Lansia ..................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 48. Ruang doa ........................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 49. Ruang makan ..................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 50. Area terapi ........................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 51. Ruang perawat ................................................................................................... 52

Gambar 52. Ruang cuci-jemur busana ................................................................................ 52

Gambar 53. Dapur .................................................................................................................... 53

Gambar 54. Gudang ................................................................................................................ 53

Gambar 55. Studi Ruang Kamar ........................................................................................... 78

Gambar 56. Studi Kamar ViP ................................................................................................ 78

Gambar 57. Studi kamar bangsal ......................................................................................... 79

Gambar 58. Studi aula serbaguna ........................................................................................ 79

Gambar 59. Studi kamar VIP ................................................................................................. 80

Gambar 60. Studi kamar tamu .............................................................................................. 80

Gambar 61. Studi Kamar Mandi penyandang kursi roda ................................................ 80

Gambar 62. Pondasi Voetplaat ............................................................................................. ~§

Gambar 63. Pondasi Sumuran .............................................................................................. 95

Gambar 64. Pondasi Tiang .................................................................................................... 96

Gambar 65. Curtain Wall ........................................................................................................ 98

Gambar 66. Cladding Wall ..................................................................................................... 98

Gambar 67. Ubin Keramik ...................................................................................................... ~~

Gambar 68. Genting Keramik dan Beton .......................................................................... .19.Q Gambar 69. Atap Polycarbonate .......................................................................................... 100

Gambar 70. Green Roof ........................................................................................................ 101

Gambar 71. Plafond Gypsum ............................................................................................... 102

Gambar 72. Calsium board .................................................................................................. 103

Gambar 73. Pemasangan genset ........................................................................................ 104

Gambar 74. AC Window ....................................................................................................... 107

Gambar 75. AC Package ...................................................................................................... 107

Gambar 76. AC Central ......................................................................................................... 1 07

Gambar 77. APAR 108

Gambar 78. Hydrant .............................................................................................................. 108

Gambar 79. Sistem Faraday ................................................................................................ 114

Gambar 80. Sistem Thomas ................................................................................................ :1.1.Q Gambar 81. Ramp ................................................................................................................... 115

Gambar 82. Ramp ................................................................................................................... 116

Gambar 83. Sistem Interkom ............................................................................................... .1.1.7. · "

Gambar 84. Core Lighting ..................................................................................................... :1~J.

Gambar 85. Down Light ......................................................................................................... 121

Gambar 86. Lampu TL Fluorescent ................................................................................... .1~.~

Gambar 87. Spot Light ........................................................................................................... 122

Gambar 88. CCTV .................................................................................................................. :1~~

Gambar 89. Lubang Biopori .................................................................................................. 124

Gambar 90. Eco Root ............................................................................................................ 125

Gambar 91. Peta BWK II Semarang ................................................................................... 126

Gambar 92. Peta BWK VI Semarang ................................................................................. 126

Gambar 93. T apak 1 ............................................................................................................... 134

Gambar 94. Kontur kelandaian tapak 1 .............................................................................. 135

Gambar 95. View existing dari tapak 1 ............................................................................... 136

Gambar 96. Tapak 2 ............................................................................................................... 137

Gambar 97. Peta BWK II Semarang .................................................................................. 164

Gambar 98. Peta CAD tapak terpilih dan akses ............................................................... 166

Gambar 99. Kontur dan kelandaian tapak terpilih .......................................................... 167

Gambar 100. View existing tapak terpilih .......................................................................... 168

Gambar 101. Luasan tapak terpilih .................................................................................... 169

Gambar 102. Penerapan psiko arsitektur pada RTH ...................................................... 174

Gambar 103. Spanish Elderly Care Centre ....................................................................... 175




Gambar 107. Panic Button .................................................................................................... 181

Gambar 108. Studi Ketinggian tangga ................................................................................ 182

Gambar 109. Studi Pijakan Tangga .................................................................................... 182

Gambar 110. Studi Ramp ...................................................................................................... 183

Gambar 111. Studi preseden Wisma Harapan Asri ........................................................ 185

Gambar 112. Site Wisma Harapan Asri ............................................................................. 186

Gambar 113. Analisa Ramp 1 .............................................................................................. 187

Gambar 114. Analisa Ramp 3 .. · ............................................................................................ 187

Gambar 115. Analisa Ramp 2 .............................................................................................. 187

Gambar 116. Analisa Anak Tangga .................................................................................... 187

• 0\

DAFTAR TABEl

Tabel 1. Data Perkembangan Lansia tahun 2003-2007 ................................................. 13

Tabel2. Jumlah dan Prediksi Penduduk Lansia Jawa Tengah .................................... 15

Tabel 3. Studi Fasilitas Ruang ............................................................................................... 33

Tabel 4. Pelaku- Kegiatan- Ruang ........................................................................................ 60

Tabel 5. Pelaku- Pola- Sifat Kegiatan .................................................................................. 62

T abel 6. Stud i F asilitas ............................................................................................................ 64

T abel 7. Besaran Ruang ......................................................................................................... 71

Tabel 8. Kebutuhan Ruang ..................................................................................................... 83

T abel 9. Kebutuhan Ai~ ......................................................................................................... 103

T abel 10. Penggunaan Air .................................................................................................... 104

T abel 11. Konsumsi Daya ..................................................................................................... 1 06

Tabel 12. Kriteria Pemilihan LokasL ................................................................................. 133

Tabel 13. Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak .................................................................................... 139

Tabel 14. Pelaku- Aktivitas-kebutuhan- Sifat ................................................................... 145

Tabel 15. Program Besaran Ruang .................................................................................... 145

Tabel 16. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................................ 157

Tabel 17. Sistem Bangunan Kompleks Panti Wreda ..................................................... 177

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 1. Struktur Organisasi ............................................................................................ 20

Diagram 2. Alur Zona Ruangan ........................................................................................... 61

Diagram 3. Skema Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................................ 103

Diagram 4. Skema Sistem Air Kotor ................................................................................. 104

Diagram 5. Skema Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................... 106

Diagram 6. Skema Jaringan Komunikasi ......................................................................... 117

Diagram 7. Skema Jaringan Kabel Tata Suara .............................................................. 118

Diagram 8. Pola Ruangan .................................................................................................. 156

Diagram 9. Skema Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................................ 158

Diagram 10. Skema Sistem Air Kotor ............................................................................... 158

Diagram 11. Skema Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................. 159

Diagram 12. Skema Jaringan Komunikasi ...................................................................... 161

Diagram 13. Skema Jaringan Kabel T ata Suara ............................................................ 162

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LX, Semester Gasal ...repository.unika.ac.id/18914/1/07110016 -...

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