......
"
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 201112012
LANDASANTEORI DAN PROGRAM
F ANTI WKE..DA Dl SE..MARANG
Penekanan Desain
Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti Wreda
Permasalahan Dominan
Faktor Keselamatan pada Pergerakan Lansia sebagai Penghuni Panti Wreda
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun Oleh :
Vinsensius Adrian_ 07.11.0016
Dosen Pembim:.'!b~~i,!!n~_~:_ ~'=r.'--'~--=---'-='~~~==~~'.
Jr. 1M. Tri Hesti
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAiN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Oktober, 2011
t .
PRAKATA
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan YME atas bimbingan-Nya dalam penyusunan
Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LX ini, penulis
mendapatkan banyak dukungan yang diberikan banyak pihak sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan Landasan T eori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini. Pada
kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya
kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu, dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan
Program ini. Ucapan terima kasih ini terutama saya ucapkan kepada :
1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas limpahan rahmat-Nya selama pengerjaan L TP ini.
2. Ibu Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, M.T. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah
bersedia membimbing, memberikan waktu dan tempat untuk saling bertukar
pikiran dengan penulis serta memberikan dukungan moral dan motivasi.
3. Ibu Dra. Sri Sumiyati, M.Si. selaku Wakil Dekan 1 Fakultas Psikologi Unika
Soegijapranata yang telah memberikan informasi tentang psikologi dan
perkembangan lansia dan berbagi pengalaman dengan saya.
4. Bapak Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LX sekaligus Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dalam
proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
5. Ibu Ir. Yulita Titik S., MT selaku Dosen Preview yang telah memberikan banyak
masukan dalam tahap Landasan Teori dan Program.
6. Bapak Ir. Riandy Tarigan selaku Dosen Preview yang telah memberikan banyak
masukan dalam proses penyelesaian Landasan T eori dan Program ini.
iv
7. 8apak Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.8, MTA. IAI selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah
memberikan masukan baik secara literatur maupun mental dalam proses
penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
8. 8apak dan Ibu Dosen serta Staff Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur
dan Desain yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu serta membantu kelancaran
proses studi di Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
9. Keluarga yang selalu memberikan semangat dan dorongan sehingga penulis
dapat menyelesaikan Landasan T eori dan Program ini.
10. Para lansia yang ada di Panti Wreda Elim dan Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri
yang telah memberikan harapan, semangat dan dorongan kepada penulis.
11 . Teman-teman di Program Studi Arsitektur yang selalu mendukung dalam proses
perkuliahan dan proses penyelesaian Landasan T eori dan Program ini.
12. Rekan dan narasumber di Program Studi Psikologi yang telah mendukung dan
memotivasi dalam proses penyelesaian Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
13. Serta pihak-pihak lain yang telah membantu penulis baik secara langsung
maupun tidak langsung hingga terselesaikannya makalah ini.
Pada akhirnya, penulis berharap semoga Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat
bermanfaat dan menambah wawasan bagi para praktisi dan masyarakat umumnya,
serta teman - teman mahasiswa Arsitektur pada khususnya.
Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011
Vinsensius Adrian
v
HALAMANPENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode lX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKUL TAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
Penekanan Desain
Permasalahan Dominan
Penyusun
Pembimbing
Penguji
: Panti Wreda di Semarang
: Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti
Wreda
: Faktor Keselamatan pad a Pergerakan Lansia
sebagai penghuni Panti Wreda
: Vinsensius Adrian, 07.11.0016
: Ir. 10M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, MTA. IAI
Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Dekan, Ketua, Koordinator,
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur '-
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur
,.
Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno
NPP. 058. 1. 1992. 124
iii
Jr. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
NPP.058.1.1986.015
HALAMANPENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2011/2012
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
Penekanan Desain
Permasalahan Dominan
Penyusun
Pembimbing
Penguji
Penguji,
: Panti Wreda di Semarang
: Penerapan Prinsip Psiko-Arsitektur pada Panti
Wreda
: Faktor Keselamatan pada Pergerakan Lansia
sebagai Penghuni Panti Wreda
: Vinsensius Adrian, 07.11 .0016
: Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT.
: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, MTA. IAI
Semarang, 28 Oktober 2011
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Pembimbing,
Ir. I.M. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT.
NIP. 058.1.1989.048
Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
NPP. 058.1.1986.015
Ir .. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, M.T. IAI
NPP.058.1.1992.123 ii
DAFTAR lSI . " --------------------------------------------------------------------. I
Halaman Pengesahan ......................................................................................................... ..i. Daftar lsi ................................................................................................................................... ,ii
Daftar Gamba~ ........................................................................................................................ iii
I. Pendahuluan
1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek ......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan .................................................................... 2
1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................... ~
1.4. Metoda Pemba~asan ........................................................................................... 3
II. Tinjauan Proyek
2.1. Tinjauan Umum ...................................................................................................... 7
2.1.a. Gambaran Umum, ..................................................................................... 7. 2.1.b. Latar Belakang-Perkembangan-Trend ................................................. 1~
2.1.c. Sasaran yang akan Dicapai .................................................................. J.2 - ~, 2.2. Tinjauan Khusus .................................................................................................... 17
2.2.a. Terminologi ................................................................................................ .1.7. 2.2.b. Kegiatan ..................................................................................................... J.~
2.2.c. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................................... ~2
2.2.c.1. Arsitektur ...................................................................................... ~2
2.2.c.2. Bangunan ..................................................................................... ~~
2.2.c.3. Lingkungan .................................................................................. 4Q 2.2.d. Deskripsi Konteks DesaI Kota ................................................................ 44 2.2.e. Studi bandingl komparasi kasus proyek sejenis ................................ 4~
2.2.f. Permasalahan Desain .............................................................................. 9.~
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ............................................................... 56
III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur
3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ........................................................................... 58
3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ............................................................ 93
3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ............................................................................. J~~.
IV. Program Arsitektur
4.1. Konsep Program ................................................................................................... .1.4.9 4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan .......................................................................................................... 141
4.3. Program Arsitektur .............................................................................................. J.4~
V. Kajian Teori
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ........................................................................ 171
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................... :1.7.§.
Kepustakaan ............................................................................................................................ 189
Lampiran ................................................................................................................................... 191
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Kamar Penghuni ................................................................................................. 23
Gambar 2. Dapur Bersama ................................................................................................... ~~
Gambar 3. Kamar Mandi ' ....................................................................................................... ~!4.
Gambar 4. R. Komunallndoor .............................................................................................. 24
Gambar 5. Aula ........................................................................................................................ ~§.
Gambar 6. R. Komunal Outdoor .......................................................................................... ~2
Gambar 7. Kamar Tamu ........................................................................................................ 26
Gambar 8. Ruang Doa ........................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 9. Ruang Kesehatan .............................................................................................. 27
, Gambar 10. Ruang Konsultasi Psikolog ............................................................................ 27
Gambar 11. Area Terapi ......................................................................................................... 28
Gambar 12. Green Area .......................................................................................................... 28
Gambar 13. Ruang Pengelola ............................................................................................... 29
Gambar 14. Ruang Staff ......................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 15. Ruang Dapur ...................................................................................................... 29
Gambar 16. Ruang Makan Staff ........................................................................................... 30
Gambar 17. Gudang ................................................................................................................ 30
Gambar 18. Ruang Cuci Peralatan ...................................................................................... 30
Gambar 19. Ruang Cuci Busana .......................................................................................... 31
Gambar 20. Halaman Parkir Karyawan ............................................................................... 31
Gambar 21. Ruang Pera\rvat .................................................................................................. 31
Gambar 22. Pos Keamanan ................................................................................................... 32
Gambar 23. Roof garden ........................................................................................................ 41
Gambar 24. Struktur Roof garden ........................................................................................ 41 Gambar 25. Kombinasi Taman dan Roof garden ............................................................. 41
Gambar 26. Taman .................................................................................................................. 42
Gambar 27. Vegetasi Existing ............................................................................................... 43 I : " . Gambar 28. Vegetasi dominan .............................................................................................. 43
Gambar 29. Vegetasi produktif ............................................................................................. 43
Gambar 30. Vegetasi dilindungi ........................................................................................... 43
Gambar 31. Peta Guna Lahan Semarang .......................................................................... 42 Gambar 32. Peta BWK Semarang ........................................................................................ 45
Gambar 33. Panti Wreda Pengayoman ............................................................................... 49
Gambar 34. Peta CAD Panti Wreda Pengayoman ........................................................... 49
Gambar 35. Pos Keamanan dan Parkir Karyawan ........................................................... 49
Gambar 36. Kantor Pengelola ............................................................................................... 49
Gambar 37. Aula Serbaguna ................................................................................................. 4~
Gambar 38. Dapur Bersama .................................................................................................. 50
Gambar 39. Kamar Mandi Umum ......................................................................................... 50
Gambar 40. Ruang Komunal ................................................................................................. 50
Gambar 41. Kamar Tidur ........................................................................................................ 50
Gambar 42. Ruang Komunal ................................................................................................. 50
Gambar 43. Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri ................................................................. 51
Gambar 44. Peta CAD Panti Wreda Wisma Harapan Asri ............................................. 51
Gambar 45. Ruang Pengelola ............................................................................................... 52
Gambar 46. Ruang Staff ......................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 47. Kamar Lansia ..................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 48. Ruang doa ........................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 49. Ruang makan ..................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 50. Area terapi ........................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 51. Ruang perawat ................................................................................................... 52
Gambar 52. Ruang cuci-jemur busana ................................................................................ 52
Gambar 53. Dapur .................................................................................................................... 53
Gambar 54. Gudang ................................................................................................................ 53
Gambar 55. Studi Ruang Kamar ........................................................................................... 78
Gambar 56. Studi Kamar ViP ................................................................................................ 78
Gambar 57. Studi kamar bangsal ......................................................................................... 79
Gambar 58. Studi aula serbaguna ........................................................................................ 79
Gambar 59. Studi kamar VIP ................................................................................................. 80
Gambar 60. Studi kamar tamu .............................................................................................. 80
Gambar 61. Studi Kamar Mandi penyandang kursi roda ................................................ 80
Gambar 62. Pondasi Voetplaat ............................................................................................. ~§
Gambar 63. Pondasi Sumuran .............................................................................................. 95
Gambar 64. Pondasi Tiang .................................................................................................... 96
Gambar 65. Curtain Wall ........................................................................................................ 98
Gambar 66. Cladding Wall ..................................................................................................... 98
Gambar 67. Ubin Keramik ...................................................................................................... ~~
Gambar 68. Genting Keramik dan Beton .......................................................................... .19.Q Gambar 69. Atap Polycarbonate .......................................................................................... 100
Gambar 70. Green Roof ........................................................................................................ 101
Gambar 71. Plafond Gypsum ............................................................................................... 102
Gambar 72. Calsium board .................................................................................................. 103
Gambar 73. Pemasangan genset ........................................................................................ 104
Gambar 74. AC Window ....................................................................................................... 107
Gambar 75. AC Package ...................................................................................................... 107
Gambar 76. AC Central ......................................................................................................... 1 07
Gambar 77. APAR 108
Gambar 78. Hydrant .............................................................................................................. 108
Gambar 79. Sistem Faraday ................................................................................................ 114
Gambar 80. Sistem Thomas ................................................................................................ :1.1.Q Gambar 81. Ramp ................................................................................................................... 115
Gambar 82. Ramp ................................................................................................................... 116
Gambar 83. Sistem Interkom ............................................................................................... .1.1.7. · "
Gambar 84. Core Lighting ..................................................................................................... :1~J.
Gambar 85. Down Light ......................................................................................................... 121
Gambar 86. Lampu TL Fluorescent ................................................................................... .1~.~
Gambar 87. Spot Light ........................................................................................................... 122
Gambar 88. CCTV .................................................................................................................. :1~~
Gambar 89. Lubang Biopori .................................................................................................. 124
Gambar 90. Eco Root ............................................................................................................ 125
Gambar 91. Peta BWK II Semarang ................................................................................... 126
Gambar 92. Peta BWK VI Semarang ................................................................................. 126
Gambar 93. T apak 1 ............................................................................................................... 134
Gambar 94. Kontur kelandaian tapak 1 .............................................................................. 135
Gambar 95. View existing dari tapak 1 ............................................................................... 136
Gambar 96. Tapak 2 ............................................................................................................... 137
Gambar 97. Peta BWK II Semarang .................................................................................. 164
Gambar 98. Peta CAD tapak terpilih dan akses ............................................................... 166
Gambar 99. Kontur dan kelandaian tapak terpilih .......................................................... 167
Gambar 100. View existing tapak terpilih .......................................................................... 168
Gambar 101. Luasan tapak terpilih .................................................................................... 169
Gambar 102. Penerapan psiko arsitektur pada RTH ...................................................... 174
Gambar 103. Spanish Elderly Care Centre ....................................................................... 175
Gambar 104. Spanish Elderly Care Centre ....................................................................... 176
Gambar 105. Spanish Elderly Care Centre ....................................................................... 176
Gambar 106. Spanish Elderly Care Centre ....................................................................... 177
Gambar 107. Panic Button .................................................................................................... 181
Gambar 108. Studi Ketinggian tangga ................................................................................ 182
Gambar 109. Studi Pijakan Tangga .................................................................................... 182
Gambar 110. Studi Ramp ...................................................................................................... 183
Gambar 111. Studi preseden Wisma Harapan Asri ........................................................ 185
Gambar 112. Site Wisma Harapan Asri ............................................................................. 186
Gambar 113. Analisa Ramp 1 .............................................................................................. 187
Gambar 114. Analisa Ramp 3 .. · ............................................................................................ 187
Gambar 115. Analisa Ramp 2 .............................................................................................. 187
Gambar 116. Analisa Anak Tangga .................................................................................... 187
• 0\
DAFTAR TABEl
Tabel 1. Data Perkembangan Lansia tahun 2003-2007 ................................................. 13
Tabel2. Jumlah dan Prediksi Penduduk Lansia Jawa Tengah .................................... 15
Tabel 3. Studi Fasilitas Ruang ............................................................................................... 33
Tabel 4. Pelaku- Kegiatan- Ruang ........................................................................................ 60
Tabel 5. Pelaku- Pola- Sifat Kegiatan .................................................................................. 62
T abel 6. Stud i F asilitas ............................................................................................................ 64
T abel 7. Besaran Ruang ......................................................................................................... 71
Tabel 8. Kebutuhan Ruang ..................................................................................................... 83
T abel 9. Kebutuhan Ai~ ......................................................................................................... 103
T abel 10. Penggunaan Air .................................................................................................... 104
T abel 11. Konsumsi Daya ..................................................................................................... 1 06
Tabel 12. Kriteria Pemilihan LokasL ................................................................................. 133
Tabel 13. Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak .................................................................................... 139
Tabel 14. Pelaku- Aktivitas-kebutuhan- Sifat ................................................................... 145
Tabel 15. Program Besaran Ruang .................................................................................... 145
Tabel 16. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................................ 157
Tabel 17. Sistem Bangunan Kompleks Panti Wreda ..................................................... 177
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1. Struktur Organisasi ............................................................................................ 20
Diagram 2. Alur Zona Ruangan ........................................................................................... 61
Diagram 3. Skema Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................................ 103
Diagram 4. Skema Sistem Air Kotor ................................................................................. 104
Diagram 5. Skema Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................... 106
Diagram 6. Skema Jaringan Komunikasi ......................................................................... 117
Diagram 7. Skema Jaringan Kabel Tata Suara .............................................................. 118
Diagram 8. Pola Ruangan .................................................................................................. 156
Diagram 9. Skema Sistem Air Bersih ................................................................................ 158
Diagram 10. Skema Sistem Air Kotor ............................................................................... 158
Diagram 11. Skema Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................. 159
Diagram 12. Skema Jaringan Komunikasi ...................................................................... 161
Diagram 13. Skema Jaringan Kabel T ata Suara ............................................................ 162
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